Loading...
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Home
My WebLink
About
BLD2004-00382
0 • BUILDING PERMIT ow Jefferson County Department of Community Development 621 Sheridan Street, Port Townsend, WA 98368 (360)379-4450 FAX (360)379-4451 PERMIT #: BLD04-00382 Received Date 06/11/2004 SITE ADDRESS: 64 TIMBER RIDGE DR Issue Date 06/22/2004 PORT LUDLOW, 98365 APPLICANT: PORT LUDLOW ASSOCIATES LLC PHONE: (360)437-2101 70 BREAKER LN PORT LUDLOW WA 98365-9766 SUBDIVISION: TIMBERTON VILLAGE PHASE II Block: Lot: 54 PARCEL NUMBER: 998500054 Section: 17 Township: 28 N Range: 01 E CONTRACTOR: PORT LUDLOW ASSOCIATES LLC PHONE: (360)437-2101 70 BREAKER LN PORT LUDLOW WA 98365 Contractor's License: PORTLAL994L8 Expires: 05/02/2006 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: NEW SFR W/ATTAHCED GARAGE ALSO 120 GAL AG PROPANE TANK REQUIRED INSPECTIONS: xi SETBACKS: 114 is Lop A PpitovED dN 7/12/0/ Ay S.C. id IM UFFER: -�WiS WAS APPRAVED and 712/41ll by 3,c ?ll`� /7 j ] Footing: 'laps wA5 AP?EDueo at) 7/1714Q AY 41.C, NI Foundation: ok 7�/,(,/ 1 it/ma/it/on/ 54 Stormwater FINAL Approval: 10,,,`, el-- ;` --"7-.22,-IS Underground Plumbing: j4 Underground Insulation: vi Shear Wall : Framing: Dasatoti D.d. Plumbing: , li3/COia tta fitzt/9#04 I Propane Tank/Lines: ihurs elkOilo'/AV [x- Insulation: ' 9/z ur6 o ,P Sheetrock: Oh /4/5/0/1 [ ] Septic Sytem Final Approval: o Sewer✓ PI Road Approach Final Approval: `�j 9 0 3 - f 3R- [ ] Zoning Final Approval: A/ f/I fd- Final/Occupancy Approval: `-'f' '<::� ' fa. z/e I, HEALTH DEPARTMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS APPROVAL REQUIRED PRIOR TO FINAL INSPECTION THIS PERMIT IS VALID FOR ONE YEAR OR IT MUST BE PROPERLY RENEWED BUILDING INSPECTION HOT-LINE 379-4455. CALL 24 HOURS IN ADVANCE TO SCHEDULE INSPECTIONS. Office Hours 9:00 a.m. -4:30 p.m. HOT LINE AVAILABLE 24 HOURS A DAY SPECIAL CONDITIONS APPLY -SEE REVERSE MLA04-00341 BUILDING PERMIT APPLICATION Review Type: Jefferson County Department of Community Development 621 Sheridan Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 PERMIT #: BLD04-00382 Received Date: 6/11/2004 SITE ADDRESS: 64 TIMBER RIDGE DR PORT LUDLOW, 98365 OWNER: PORT LUDLOW ASSOCIATES LLC PHONE: (360) 437-2101 70 BREAKER LN PORT LUDLOW WA 98365-9766 SUBDIVISION: TIMBERTON VILLAGE PHASE II Block: Lot: 54 PARCEL NUMBER: 998500054 Section: 17 Township: 28 N Range: 01 E CONTRACTOR: PORT LUDLOW ASSOCIATES LLC PHONE: (360)437-2101 70 BREAKER LN PORT LUDLOW WA 98365 Contractor's License PORTLAL994L8 Expires 5/2/2006 REPRESENTATIVE: PHONE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION NEW SFR W/ATTAHCED GARAGE ALSO 120 GAL AG PROPANE TANK TYPE OF WORK RES SQUARE FOOTAGE: TYPE OF IMP NEW MAIN: 1,563 VALUATION 202,787.00 ADD'L: 578 HEAT TYPE: PRO CODE EDITION: 1997 HEAT BASE: HEAT TYPE: EEE OCCUPANCY: R-3 UNHEATED: #OF STORIES: 2 OCCUPANCY: OTHER: CONST TYPE: 5N GARAGE: 462 SHORELINE: CONST TYPE: DECK: SETBACK: BANK HEIGHT: SEWAGE DISPOSAL: SEW WATER SYSTEM: LUDLOW PARCEL TAGS: YES NO BEDROOMS: BATHROOMS: STORMWATER: YES NO AREA Exist: Exist: Wetland Erosion Prop: 3 Prop: 4 Seismic Streams Total: 3 Total: 4 Flood Way Floodplain Routing Date: _ F&W Landslide �j C ��f Shoreline Aquifer Forest: Commercial Rural Type Amount Paid By: Date: Receipt: APPROVED Permit $1,570.55 KAS 06/11/04 64527 State Building Code $4.50 KAS 06/11/04 64527 JUN 2 2 2004 Potable Water Application $52.00 KAS 06/11/04 64527 Jefferson County Planning Total: $1,627.05 Building Department Jefferson County Department of Community Development 621 Sheridan Street,Port Townsend WA 08368(360)370-4450 r ° , Prmu � ppc © 5 . ` S�e,� ''lan #rz5 (Ta/kt) Project Description: Building Type: Project Type: Frame Type: ^ )( Single Family $New X Wood ; $ Garage Attached/Detached Addition Steel I. I Modular Alteration/Remodel J4 Col ks to Commercial Repair t Ma onry Multi-family/#of Units Demolition \�`` k 1 Other: Industrial ` Other: Bathrooms: Bedrooms: Type of Sewage Disposal: Type of Heat: Choose one: Existing. '64.- Existing. -- X Sewer Community System )(Electricity Oil Proposed: V Proposed: 3 Individual System Woodstove Propane Total: '/ Total: 3 If not sewer,fill out the following: Heat Pump �? Conventional Alternative )(Other /drop he f 7%."•t1 Permit# SEP / Water Supply: �}�- Private well Two Party Well Public:Name of water system: ©4 )Jl Square Footage: For Office Use Only fJ�` CO Main Floor /,563 Consistency,Review 4- fi co 2ND Floor ST g Base fee 1570.55, 3rd Floor "-' Plan Check fee ie- Q #AZZ Htd Basement State Surcharge fee t .93 Unhtd Basement Subtotal I biZ j , 0 5" J Garage/Carport %6 Z Pot Water Review fee _ ¶5 .00 Decks 911/Rd Approach fee _ I --- 0 Commercial — TOTAL 652.. O Industrial Receipt# _ 6:14 Other Cash/Check# _ i 59'C"I Total Valuation: Initials (712. Or Date b( l 1 I 0 4... Estimated Cost: /52, 1r.5'O.0O If within 200'of the Shoreline, Distance to Bank or Ordinary High Water Mark ft.Bank Height ft. By signing the application form,the applicant/owner attests that the information provided herein is true and correct to the best of their knowledge. Any material falsehood or any omission of a material fact made by the applicant/owner with respect to this application packet may result in this permit being null and void. I further agree to save,indemnify and hold harmless Jefferson County against all liabilities,judgments,court costs,reasonable attomey's fees and expenses which may in any way accrue against Jefferson County as a result of or in con ..uence of the granting of this permit. I further agree to provide ac- •and,• of e,t�7!JI to -fferson County and it's employees,representatives or agents for the purpose of appli ation re "ew and any required later inspections. Access and right of entry . pp ca,is p .p¢rty. st cture sh be rrequ stedd and shall occur during regular businessI hours.�I l Signature: // `' Date: t- et OVER ► H:HOME\PLNCNTR\INFOBLDG\FORMS\BLDpemiitApplicarion 11-8-01 rorfaRs eav,"-ft,. .guss--ii, ,c,... . . ' , A., 1 (.ram t Y°:. .. ._... _. i"-_ V_..Ybp+�1y13'jse7_ b/.� r/�F11 {i/e ✓ 7 „/ z e . A � -i L JUN 1 1 2004 :,, ;�, 1 00 CEP F JEFFERSOi n ;n COUNTY — , P M� BtD 41166k /`' .* .. IOW 1-1E>4 Itget OAL6Fr • I k\I . -::' - 4%/\t Z-- \ virfr lililli:\ '',.'1111 ' - '4.'1. _4,(v1A,L4 I -s-.. Al Miry on °� 0 4 - 3 8 i f".14i. ;T:, si46 Illiiik4r'?A2 '' '' '/-'s - ti-t 7°-: __ oIli , -4\ ' 11htPM 04/4 ''' 4ip €-1-. esici zo. /.,,,,J,- , .,,,, i. BII ,� f,_ ,iau ,,,t, , .,A,, ,,v, :o- APPROVED SITE PLAN i 'S JUN 2 1 2004 w State Required JEFFERSO O DEFT.OF C9 D FLOP SIGNATURE:( r y � ' i ce 'i z- . APPROVED STORMWATER PLAN JUN 2 1 2004 JEFFERSON COUNTY JEFF£RS CO NTY t # s 1 DEPT.OF Ctit FFE TY D ELo STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SIGNATURE. L PARCEL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN[ littSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL WORKSHEET r, : E � J!i°J � 1 ��J�4 Property Owner: Port Ludlow Associates Telephone: 437-2101 • _rf , Address: .70 Breaker Lane, Port Ludlow, WA 98365 Assessor's Parcel Number: 998'500 — o5 Building Permit or Septic Permit Application Number(if applicable): Brief Project Description: New Sincile Family Residence W/ attached garage. • 7,7-)6RA z V/ ye /4 Z , (o t1 J`5$ Site Location: 6Y Zm 2 2) ., r 6_,e/l it GUI- 9e 36.5— Person Responsible for BMP Installation and Maintenance: Jeff Evange r Address: Same as above Telephone:Same as above I. Describe/check the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that you will implement during land disturbing activities or construction to control erosion and prevent sediment from entering water bodies (marine waters, streams, rivers, lakes, or wetlands) or impacting adjacent property or roads. Please check the measures you plan to implement and show their approximate location on the site plan.You may also propose measures other than those listed. Attach additional sheets,if more space is required. {) Stabilize construction access route.Limit construction vehicles to one mute,if feasible. Provide a stabilized construction access by applying quarry spans,ballast,or crushed rock to minimize tracking sediment onto roads. (See attached illustration from Stormwater • Management Manual.) If sediment is transported onto roads, they will be cleaned thoroughly. [] Minimize the extent of land disturbing activity and preserve existing vegetation. Preserve buffers of well-established vegetation between disturbed areas and property boundaries, roads, water bodies, and designated critical areas (wetlands, fish and wildlife habitat areas,landslide or erosion hazard area,etc.). SPESC Instructions—Short Form { Revised July 17,2002 • 3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL WORKSHEET [] Phase clearing so that only areas that are actively being worked are uncovered. [] Start and complete land disturbing activities and stabilize the site between April 1 and September 30. Stabilization means that disturbed areas will have well-established plant cover or be landscaped to minimize erosion. j Stabilize exposed soil Exposed and unworked soil will be covered within 2 days between October 1 and March 31 and within 7 days between April 1 and September 30. [ j Cover exposed soil with a minimum of 2 inches of straw or hay or other material approved for this purpose. [ ] Cover soil stockpiles with plastic sheeting and locate away from water bodies, roads, and property lines. [] Place gravel base on roads,driveways,and parking areas after.clearing and subgrade • preparation. [f Protect adjacent properties and water bodies from sediment deposition: [] Place straw or hay bales in ditches and drainage ways down slope from areas. of land disturbing activity to filter runoff before it leaves the project site or enters water bodies.(See attached illustrations from Stormwater Management Manual.) [] Install a filter fence down'slope:from areas of land disturbing activity to filter runoff before it Ieaves the project site or enters water bodies. (See attached illustration from Stormwater Management Manuai.) [X Regularly inspect and maintain all BMPs especially after storms events. [J Describe other erosion and sediment.control Best Management Practices. Be specific as to design and specifications. Site is very flat with sandy soils. So I believe the above. measures will be sufficient. ht t �` :t MI SPESC Instructions—Short Form u(� -' ' Revised July 17,2002 ` �� �U 4 r,...---' r. r.. 4 , 1r t :. �,} „ i y Lt EROSION AM)SEDIMENT CONTROL WORKSHEET 2. Describe how disturbed areas will be permanently stabilized(seeded,landscaped,apply gravel base to roadways,etc.) Areas that are distrubed will be landscaped with natural type vegetation and lawn to property line 3. Describe how runoff from impervious:surfaces will be controlled(disperse to vegetated areas to -' infiltrate,dry well,infiltration trench,route runoff:to existing drainage facilities,etc.). All impervious SUrfarRs will . he run :tn roof draitns and catch basins as designed into the plat requirements. r 1-NOI 3- 1. r 1.1 I ,OD} . SPESC Instmctions—Short Form Revised July 17,2002 5 r EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL WORKSHEET 4. Specify your construction sequence. Describe the timing of all land disturbing activities (clearing and grading, construction, installation of drainage facilities, landscaping, etc.) and Best Management Practices.Describe proposed maintenance of BMPs. After excavation the soil piles will be covered and silt fence will be installed. Silt fence will be left in place until we are ready to landscape and all roof drains/ catch basins are in. Landscaping .wiLl. be installed as early as possible on the exterior of the building when all exterior concrete work is complete i.u , • The Best Management Practices proposed above will be implemented to control erosion, sedimen and storm ' notify the Jefferson County for inspections as t' . Signature f gna Owner/ gent . Date t ;i k I t�i,t U `'! SPESC Instructions—Short Form . , Revised July 17,2002 1 `1' YY L4 • S SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR CASE # BLD04-00382 1.) The application was reviewed by the Jefferson County Department of Community Development staff on June 21, 2004 for the potential presence of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs)under the provisions of the Unified Development Code (UDC). After an initial Geographic Information Systems mapping review and an investigative site inspection, the following ESAs were confirmed to be present on the subject property: blue heron; landslide 1; coastal SIPZ. 2.) Geologically Hazardous Areas in Jefferson County are characterized by slope, soil type, geologic material, and groundwater that may combine to create problems with slope stability, erosion, and water quality during and after construction or during natural events such as earthquakes or severe rainstorms. 3.) Marine shorelines and islands are susceptible to a condition that is known as seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion is a condition in which the saltwater/freshwater interface in an aquifer moves inland so that wells drilled on upland areas cannot obtain freshwater suitable for public consumption without significant additional treatment and cost. Maintaining a stable balance in the saltwater/freshwater interface is primarily a function of the rate of aquifer recharge (primarily through rainfall)and the rate of groundwater withdrawals (primarily through wells). The Washington Department of Ecology is the agency with statutory authority to regulate groundwater withdrawal for individual wells in Jefferson County. New development, redevelopment, and land use activities on islands and in close proximity to marine shorelines in particular should be developed in such a manner to maximize aquifer recharge and maintain the saltwater/freshwater balance to the maximum extent possible by infiltrating stormwater runoff so that it recharges the aquifer. 4.) The parcel is located within a coastal SIPZ (seawater intrusion protection zone) according to the County GIS map. There are voluntary and mandatory measures identified in the Jefferson County Seawater Intrusion Policy(Resolution 44-22, effective September 23, 2002)that apply to well drilling proposals and building permit applications on existing lots of record. A Coastal SIPZ is defined as: all islands and area within one-quarter mile of marine shoreline, but no history of chloride concentration above 100 mg/L in groundwater sources within 1000 feet. 5.) A vegetative buffer of 30-feet shall be permanently maintained from the top or edge of the Landslide Hazard Area. All buffers shall be measured perpendicularly from the top of the Landslide Hazard Area. 6.) Landslide Hazard Areas and their associated buffers shall remain naturally vegetated. Should buffer disturbance occur during construction, the Unified Development Code (UDC)Administrator shall require replanting with native vegetation. No alterations shall be made to the Landslide Hazard Area or its associated buffer without prior authorization by the UDC Administrator. 7.) Prior to and during approved construction activities, the perimeter of the landslide hazard area buffer shall be marked with a temporary sign. The sign shall be placed in such a manner that it can be directly observed from the construction area. The sign shall contain the following statement: "Landslide Hazard Area and Buffer- Do not Remove or Alter Existing Vegetation." 8.) All construction activities shall not encroach upon the buffer. This includes the storage or preparation of materials. 9.) The applicant shall permanently separate the boundary of the Landslide Hazard Area Buffer from the remainder of the subject property through installing logs, trees, a hedge row, or any other prominent physical marking approved by the UDC Administrator. 10.) To help prevent seawater from intruding landward into underground aquifers, all new development activity on Marrowstone Island, Indian Island and within 1/4 mile of any marine shoreline shall be required to infiltrate all stormwater runoff onsite. 11.) VOLUNTARY MEASURES a COASTAL&AT RISK SIPZ: Water conservation measures: • 1. Roof and other intercepted precipitation shall be routed to on-site detention ponds and/or other approved means and allowed to be released to the soil slowly. 2. Water collected from Storm water and roof catchments may be used for watering lawns and gardens. Unless catchment water has been treated to meet drinking water standards, there shall be no cross connections allowed between the potable supply and impounded water. 3. Water withdrawn from wells on each property shall not be used for watering of lawns and/or gardens. 4. Ground water withdrawn from each property shall be restricted to a rate of three (3) gallons per minute. 5. Installation of water conserving fixtures such as low flow toilets, faucets and shower restrictors and other water saving plumbing fixtures. 6. Landscaping plan (xeriscaping, native vegetation with minimal amounts of irrigation). Please NOTE that the above listed measures are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather is intended to be illustrative of the types of water conservation measures. 12.) VOLUNTARY MEASURES OF COASTAL &AT RISK SIPZ: 1. Installation of a flow meter. 2. On-going well monitoring for chloride concentration. 3. Submittal of monitoring data to County. 13.) MANDATORY MEASURES FOR COASTAL SIPZ: 1. For proof of potable water on a building permit application, applicant must utilize DOH-approved public water system if available. 2. If public water is unavailable, a qualifying alternative system may be used as proof of potable water or an individual well may be used as proof of potable water subject to the following requirement: a. Chloride concentration of a laboratory-certified well water sample submitted with building permit application. 3. If public water is unavailable, a qualifying alternative system may be used as proof of potable water. 14.) The property owner shall comply with Water Conservation Measures (per list maintained by the UDC Administrator). 15.) The applicant is proposing to create or add 2922 square feet of impervious surface and 6133 square feet of land disturbing activities. 16.) The project shall adhere to the Best Management Practices (BMPs)to control stormwater, erosion and sediment during construction. BMPs shall address permanent measures to stabilize soil exposed during construction, and in the design and operation of stormwater and drainage control systems. 17.) A Small Parcel Erosion and Sediment Control Plan has been submitted and approved by the Department of Community Development. Once the subject permit has been issued the applicant shall fully implement the provisions of the submitted plan and contact the Jefferson County Department of Community Development to arrange a schedule to inspect the property for plan compliance. A Certificate of Occupancy will not be issued until the Department verifies plan compliance. No clearing for roadways or utilities shall occur on the project site until clearing necessary for the installation of temporary sedimentation and erosion control measures have been completed. 18.) Jefferson County determined that this proposal is categorically exempt from review under the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA)pursuant to WAC 197-11-800(1)(b)(i). 19.) The site plan as submitted with the building permit application on June 11, 2004 has been reviewed for consistency under the UDC, and has been approved by Jefferson County Department of Community Development. Any modifications, changes, and/or additions to the stamped, approved site plan dated June 21, 2004 shall be resubmitted for review and approval by Jefferson County Department of Community Development. 20.) This approval is for a single family residence with attached garage and also a 120 gallon above-ground propane tank only. Any future permits on this site are subject to review for consistency with applicable codes and ordinances and does not preclude review and conditions which may be placed on future permits. S 21.) Outdoor residential storage shall be maintained in an orderly manner and shall create no fire, safety, health or sanitary hazard. 22.) Not more than two (2)unlicensed or inoperable vehicles shall be stored on any lot less than one-half acre unless totally screened from view of neighboring dwellings and rights-of-way. Such screening shall meet all applicable performance and development standards specific to the district in which the storage is kept, and shall be in keeping with the character of the area. Screening shall meet the requirements of Unified Development Code (UDC) Section 6. Outdoor storage of thirteen (13)or more unlicensed or inoperable vehicles is prohibited except in those districts where specified as an automobile wrecking yard or junk(or salvage)yard and allowed as a Permitted Use in Table 3-1 of the UDC, and such storage shall meet the requirements of UDC Section 4.10. In no case, shall any such unlicensed or inoperable vehiclesbe stored in an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA). 23.) Maximum lot coverage is not to exceed 45%. Lot coverage is defined as amount of impervious surface which includes roof tops, driveways, concrete, etc. 24.) The building height is not to exceed 35 feet. 25.) Minimum setback from Timber Ridge Drive right-of-way shall be 20 feet. Minimum side and rear yard setback shall be 5 feet. If ESA present, then the more stricter setback shall apply. 26.) Exterior lighting for residential uses shall not exceed twenty feet(20') in height from the finished grade, excepting when such lighting is an integral part of a building or structure. Ground level lighting is encouraged. 27.) Lighting fixtures shall be designed and hooded to prevent the light source from being directly visible from outside the boundaries of the property. The intensity or brightness of all lighting, during construction and after project completion shall not adversely affect the use of surrounding properties or adjoining rights-of-way. 28.) During SEPA environmental review for the plat of Timberton Village, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Area Habitat Biologist Tim Rymer conducted a field evaluation to determine the presence of a fish and wildlife habitat area on the subject property. Mr. Rymer and other WDFW personnel concluded that the suspected Great blue heron rookery was not located as mapped in the Jefferson County Interim Critical Areas Ordinance, but, that it was in fact located in the NE Quarter of the NW Quarter of Section 20, Township 28 North, Range 1 East, which is approximately 1/2 mile south of the project site. 29.) The parcel has been designated as MPR SF4:1 under the Jefferson County Comprehensive Land Use Map effective August 28, 1998. 30.) The lot was created through the Timberton Village Phase II Subdivision on May 20, 198 under AFN 410783. 31.) An address of 64 Timber Ridge Drive, Port Ludlow has been assigned to the lot. Timber Ridge Drive is a private road (P536). 32.) A minimum of two (2)on-site parking spaces shall be provided for the single family residence. 33.) Per MPR Code Section 3.17, Accessory dwelling units (ADU's)shall not be allowed in the MPR-SF zone. 34.) The lot is served by Port Ludlow water and sewer. 35.) A road approach permit(RAP04-0138)will be issued with the building permit. I:\F_BLD_Permit_Buildng.rpt 10/29/19 . i . '‘.-1: LL ; I /1 ",<T' ED CONCRETE—I I 1 — — ( 18'xl8" BUGr OUT — "l ;H = I L-J I FIELD VERIFYLOCATION o I I 4 )5 II 1 Zo IN I LINE OF WALL �� \ AT STORAGE A II ❑ ❑ i , L--------- �irt �� --J 6 S�TTEPS G. L.._—_ _ =_ L• =ry MAY OCCUR I i .biq Allik G : + ° 1 II _`` 6-0 III 3'-5 I/2"� 3'-8 D-1 13'-10 1/2" CIVIL I yr '5 FOR FINISH ELEVATIONS IB ' D-I 8 p NI- SLOPE 2" O.A. ` cv GONGRE I L SLAM 6" r_-1 I --I-- II" 21'-O" 48'-0" �� �� � %�[L _ %/s/1 6-Y'q .( - if,/,_ &z' d' y -- r e- MENSIONS AND UNDER FLOOR CALCULATIONS WITH CIVIL ENGINEER. 1/4" = I'-O" ,A 2 0 • 5 OTES AND DIMENSIONS 1/46=1'-06 I I I ( _ _. 1 L - ) ....--- --r-.� I CONC.1-- ,:tt... . 4,-,...............--1-- .k `�► Q � I m :RETE PORCH I STEP --�t- N q SLOPE in ttci Ii " 3'-8" 'LION _ __....2-sz J 1 il" � I . 4I1l C2)1' z Paz isk'-S �'-8" / I3'-4' I I . I 4 n f N 4 pi .< +%:e0 4 2 1 ( 1/?- Ce4. 57/4/)/4- ________ fale Nt I \ ). ..\ ) 2'-4" Ib'.4• 2'- /� -0• -... -