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Home My WebLink AboutCONTINUED Deliberations re: Comp Plan - Exh A to Adopt OrdExhibit A. Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan A-1 EXHIBIT A 2025 JEFFERSON COUNTY COMPEHENSIVE PLAN Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Photos courtesy of the Collection of the Jefferson County Historical Society, Carolyn Gallaway, and Jefferson County. CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 CONTENTS Vision Statement Plan Foundation ................................................................................... i Introduction ..................................................................................................................... i Planning Area ................................................................................................................. ii Comprehensive Plan Purpose ............................................................................. iv Why Plan? .................................................................................................................... iv Guiding Land Use & Growth Decisions ..................................................... v Growth Management Act ................................................................................. vi Countywide Planning Policies .................................................................... viii Jefferson County’s Compliance Strategy ................................................. x Planning Process & Public Participation ........................................................ x Planning Since 1991 ................................................................................................. x Considering Alternative Futures ................................................................... xi Plan Creation & Amendment ....................................................................... xiii Public Involvement ............................................................................................. xiii Vision Statement ........................................................................................................ xv Framework Goals .................................................................................................... xvii Using This Comprehensive Plan........................................................................ xx Comprehensive Plan Contents ..................................................................... xx Related Plans .......................................................................................................... xxi Community Plans ................................................................................................ xxi Wayfinding: Western Jefferson County ................................................ xxi Plan Implementation & Monitoring ............................................................. xxii The Decision-Making Process .................................................................... xxii Limitations in County Finance Structure to Implement Plan ............................................................................................................................... xxii Volunteerism ................................................................................................. xxiii Amending this Comprehensive Plan ................................................... xxiii Comprehensive Plan Amendment Appeals .................................... xxiv Growth Management Hearings Board Review ...................... xxiv Judicial Review .............................................................................................. xxv Monitoring ............................................................................................................... xxv 1 Land Use ...................................................................................... 1–1 1.1 Framework ......................................................................................................... 1–1 Land Use Typologies .......................................................................................... 1–2 Growth Projections ............................................................................................. 1–4 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use, Environmental Justice, & Surface Water Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 1–8 Current Land Use .......................................................................................... 1–8 Land Use & Environmental Justice ................................................. 1–10 Review of Surface Water Conditions & Existing Polluted Discharges ................................................................................. 1–20 Land Use Strategy ............................................................................................. 1–21 Land Use & Zoning Designations ............................................................ 1–21 Rural Designations ................................................................................... 1–26 Resource Land Designations ............................................................. 1–29 Master Planned Resort Designations .......................................... 1–30 Urban Growth Area Designations .................................................. 1–32 Public Designations ................................................................................. 1–33 Major Industrial Development & Industrial Land Banks ................................................................................................................. 1–34 Legal Nonconforming Uses & Lots ........................................................ 1–34 Establishing Allowed Uses & Regulations Within Land Designations ......................................................................................................... 1–35 From Rural Character to Development Regulations ........ 1–35 Rural Character & Review of Regulations for Land Uses, Development Patterns, & Nuisances .............................. 1–35 Community Planning Efforts .................................................................... 1–36 Countywide Planning Policies ................................................................. 1–39 Rural Areas Policies .................................................................................. 1–39 Urban Growth Areas & Services ....................................................... 1–39 Overarching Land Use Goals & Policies..............................................1–40 General Land Use ......................................................................................1–40 Land Use Consistency with Naval Base Kitsap ...................... 1–42 Industrial Development ........................................................................ 1–45 Housing ............................................................................................................ 1–45 Public Purpose Lands ............................................................................. 1–45 Transportation ............................................................................................. 1–46 Environment ................................................................................................. 1–47 Water ................................................................................................................. 1–48 Legal Nonconforming Uses ................................................................ 1–50 Permit Processing ...................................................................................... 1–51 1.2 Rural .................................................................................................................... 1–52 Rural Character ................................................................................................... 1–52 Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development .............. 1–54 Rural Centers, Crossroads, & MPRs ....................................................... 1–54 Rural Commercial Areas: Centers & Crossroads ................... 1–56 Master Planned Resorts ........................................................................ 1–73 Evaluation of Rural Commercial Boundaries ......................... 1–77 Periodic Review of LAMIRDs & the GMA Implementation Challenges in Rural Counties...................... 1–81 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rural Industrial Lands .................................................................................... 1–85 Forest Resource-Based Industrial Zones .......................................... 1–95 Economic Activities Outside of Rural Commercial Areas ...... 1–97 West Jefferson County .................................................................................. 1–98 Rural Goals & Policies ...................................................................................... 1–99 Rural Character ........................................................................................... 1–99 Rural Centers, Crossroads, & MPRs .............................................. 1–102 Rural Industrial Lands ........................................................................... 1–106 Economic Activities Outside of Rural Commercial Areas ................................................................................................................. 1–107 Capital Facilities in Rural Areas ...................................................... 1–109 1.3 Resource ........................................................................................................... 1–111 Resource Lands of Long-Term Commercial Significance under the GMA .................................................................................................... 1–111 Forest .................................................................................................................. 1–111 Mineral ............................................................................................................... 1–111 Agriculture ..................................................................................................... 1–112 Resource Conservation ................................................................................. 1–112 Resource Lands Goals & Policies ............................................................. 1–112 1.4 Urban ................................................................................................................. 1–114 Urban Growth Areas ....................................................................................... 1–114 Municipal & Unincorporated ............................................................. 1–114 Port Townsend Urban Growth Area ..................................................... 1–115 Background ................................................................................................... 1–115 Irondale & Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area ................................. 1–117 History of Planning ................................................................................... 1–117 Phased Implementation ...................................................................... 1–123 Alternative Phasing Sewer Policy ................................................. 1–124 Land Use Map & Zoning Designations ...................................... 1–124 Dwelling Unit & Population Holding Capacity Analysis ........................................................................................................... 1–128 Housing Variety & Affordability ...................................................... 1–128 Urban Growth Area Goals & Policies ...................................................1–129 Urban Development ...............................................................................1–129 Urban Level Public & Capital Facilities ....................................... 1–132 Stormwater Management ................................................................. 1–134 Transportation ............................................................................................ 1–135 Green Space Planning in Urban Growth Area ...................... 1–135 1.5 Action Plan .................................................................................................... 1–137 2 Natural Resources .................................................................. 2–1 2.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 2–2 2.2 Trends & Opportunities ............................................................................. 2–3 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Conditions & Trends .......................................................................................... 2–3 Forest Lands .................................................................................................... 2–3 Mineral Lands ................................................................................................. 2–4 Agricultural Lands ....................................................................................... 2–5 Aquaculture Resources ........................................................................... 2–7 Challenges & Opportunities ......................................................................... 2–7 Forest Lands .................................................................................................... 2–7 Mineral Resources ....................................................................................... 2–8 Agriculture ....................................................................................................... 2–8 2.3 Natural Resources Plan ........................................................................... 2–10 Forest Lands ......................................................................................................... 2–10 Mineral Lands ...................................................................................................... 2–13 Agricultural Lands ............................................................................................ 2–16 Aquaculture Resources ................................................................................. 2–21 2.4 Goals & Policies ............................................................................................ 2–22 2.5 Action Plan .....................................................................................................2–28 3 Housing ....................................................................................... 3–1 3.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 3–2 3.2 Trends & Opportunities ............................................................................. 3–3 Housing Stock ....................................................................................................... 3–3 Demographics & Household Characteristics ................................... 3–6 Total Population ........................................................................................... 3–6 Age ......................................................................................................................... 3–6 Race & Ethnicity ............................................................................................ 3–8 Educational Attainment ......................................................................... 3–9 Other Populations with Special Housing Needs .................. 3–10 Household Characteristics .................................................................. 3–12 Housing Affordability & Attainability .................................................... 3–13 Jobs & Housing .................................................................................................. 3–20 Displacement, Exclusion, & Racially Disparate Impacts ......... 3–21 Emergency Housing, Emergency Shelters, & Permanent Supportive Housing ............................................................ 3–23 3.3 Future Need & Our Housing Plan ..................................................... 3–24 The GMA Growth Targets ........................................................................... 3–25 Housing Challenges & Opportunities ................................................. 3–27 Housing Affordability ............................................................................. 3–27 Housing Needs of People of Different Ages & Abilities ............................................................................................................ 3–29 3.4 Goals & Policies ............................................................................................. 3–31 3.5 Action Plan ..................................................................................................... 3–37 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 4 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation .............................................................................. 4–1 4.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 4–2 4.2 Trends & Opportunities ............................................................................. 4–2 Conditions & Trends .......................................................................................... 4–2 Challenges & Opportunities ........................................................................ 4–4 4.3 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Plan ......................................................................................... 4–5 Jefferson County Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan .......... 4–5 Open Space ............................................................................................................ 4–6 Historical & Cultural Resource Preservation ..................................... 4–7 4.4 Goals & Policies .............................................................................................. 4–9 4.5 Action Plan ..................................................................................................... 4–15 5 Environment ............................................................................. 5–1 5.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................... 5–1 5.2 Trends & Opportunities ............................................................................. 5–2 Environmental Considerations .................................................................. 5–2 Watershed Planning & Fish Habitat Recovery ........................ 5–2 Designating & Protecting Critical Areas ...................................... 5–5 Regulating Shorelines .............................................................................. 5–6 Addressing Environmental Impacts in Conditional Use & the State Environmental Policy Act .................................. 5–6 Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Addressing Climate Change ............................................................... 5–7 Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques & Public Health .............................................................................................. 5–7 Environmental Nuisance Factors ..................................................... 5–8 Balancing Environmental Protection with Community Needs ........................................................................................................................... 5–8 5.3 Environment Plan ........................................................................................ 5–9 5.4 Goals & Policies ............................................................................................. 5–15 Water Resources ............................................................................................... 5–15 Shorelines ............................................................................................................... 5–17 Environmental Nuisance Factors (Excessive Light, Glare, Odor, & Noise) ...................................................................................................... 5–18 Critical Areas Regulated Under the Critical Areas Ordinance ............................................................................................................. 5–18 5.5 Action Plan .................................................................................................... 5–20 6 Transportation .......................................................................... 6–1 6.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................... 6–1 6.2 Trends & Opportunities ............................................................................. 6–3 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Conditions & Trends .......................................................................................... 6–3 County-wide Conditions ......................................................................... 6–3 Challenges & Opportunities ......................................................................... 6–8 County Roads & State System ............................................................. 6–8 6.3 Transportation Plan ..................................................................................... 6–9 Roadway Level of Service............................................................................. 6–10 Active Transportation Level of Service ................................................ 6–10 Concurrency .......................................................................................................... 6–11 Transit Level of Service .................................................................................. 6–12 Non-motorized Trail & Standards ........................................................... 6–13 Transportation Demand Management Strategies .................... 6–17 Safety, Maintenance, & Preservation .................................................... 6–17 Active Living .......................................................................................................... 6–17 Countywide Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) ............................................................................................................................. 6–18 Irondale & Port Hadlock UGA .................................................................... 6–18 6.4 Goals & Policies ............................................................................................. 6–21 6.5 Action Plan .................................................................................................... 6–29 7 Economic Development ...................................................... 7–1 7.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 7–3 7.2 Trends & Opportunities ............................................................................. 7–4 Conditions & Trends .......................................................................................... 7–4 Employment & Labor Force ................................................................. 7–4 Economic Sectors & Major Employers ........................................... 7–6 Wages .................................................................................................................. 7–9 Taxable Sales Trends ............................................................................... 7–12 Challenges & Opportunities ....................................................................... 7–14 Strengths & Challenges ......................................................................... 7–15 Jefferson County Economic Development Organizations ....................................................................................................... 7–17 EDC Team Jefferson ................................................................................ 7–17 Port of Port Townsend ........................................................................... 7–19 Washington State University ............................................................. 7–19 North Hood Canal Chamber of Commerce ............................ 7–20 North Olympic Development Council (NODC) .................... 7–20 Countywide Planning Policies ................................................................ 7–22 7.3 Economic Development Plan ............................................................. 7–23 Workforce Development ............................................................................ 7–24 Industrial & Manufacturing Businesses ............................................ 7–24 Placemaking for Visitors & Residents ................................................. 7–25 Sustainable, Innovative Agricultural & Food Businesses....... 7–25 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Infrastructure Improvements as Economic Development Strategy ................................................................................. 7–25 7.4 Goals & Policies ........................................................................................... 7–28 7.5 Action Plan ..................................................................................................... 7–33 8 Capital Facilities & Utilities ................................................. 8–1 8.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................... 8–1 8.2 Capital Facilities ............................................................................................ 8–2 Overview .................................................................................................................... 8–2 Countywide Planning Policies .................................................................. 8–4 Summary of Trends & Opportunities ..................................................... 8–5 8.3 Essential Public Facilities ......................................................................... 8–6 Overview .................................................................................................................... 8–6 Essential Public Facilities & Public Purpose Lands ............... 8–7 Essential Public Facility Designations in Jefferson County ................................................................................................................ 8–8 Countywide Planning Policies .................................................................. 8–8 Summary of Trends & Opportunities ..................................................... 8–9 8.4 Utilities .............................................................................................................. 8–10 Electric Utilities ................................................................................................... 8–10 Providers .......................................................................................................... 8–10 Duty to Serve ................................................................................................ 8–10 JPUD Inventory ............................................................................................ 8–11 Electricity: Future Capacity Needs & Requirements .......... 8–13 Telecommunication Utilities ..................................................................... 8–15 Telecommunications Systems Types & Regulations ......... 8–15 Conventional Telephone ....................................................................... 8–15 Cellular Service ............................................................................................ 8–16 Broadband ..................................................................................................... 8–16 Telephone: Future Capacity Needs & Requirements ........ 8–17 Countywide Planning Policies ................................................................. 8–18 Summary of Trends & Opportunities ................................................... 8–18 8.5 Capital Facilities & Utilities Plan ........................................................ 8–20 Capital Facilities ................................................................................................ 8–20 Essential Public Facilities ............................................................................ 8–20 Utilities ..................................................................................................................... 8–20 8.6 Goals & Policies ............................................................................................ 8–21 Capital Facilities ................................................................................................. 8–21 General .............................................................................................................. 8–21 Potable Water ............................................................................................. 8–29 Sewer & Wastewater .............................................................................. 8–30 Solid Waste ................................................................................................... 8–31 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Surface Water Management ............................................................ 8–32 Essential Public Facilities ............................................................................ 8–33 Utilities ..................................................................................................................... 8–38 General Capacity & Conservation .................................................. 8–38 Telecommunication & Internet Utilities ..................................... 8–41 Electrical Utilities........................................................................................ 8–41 8.7 Action Plan .................................................................................................... 8–42 9 Climate..........................................................................................9-1 9.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................ 9-1 9.2 Trends & Opportunities .............................................................................. 9-3 Climate Impacts ................................................................................................... 9-4 Climate Vulnerability ........................................................................................ 9-7 Public Health .................................................................................................. 9-7 Economy & Resource Lands ................................................................. 9-9 Built Infrastructure .................................................................................... 9-12 Water Systems.............................................................................................. 9-13 Agriculture & Food Systems ................................................................ 9-15 Natural Environment & Ecosystems .............................................. 9-17 9.3 Climate Plan ................................................................................................... 9-19 9.4 Goals & Policies ............................................................................................ 9-20 Zoning & Development ................................................................................ 9-20 Water Resources ............................................................................................... 9-23 Ecosystems ............................................................................................................ 9-25 Cultural Resource & Practices .................................................................. 9-27 Agriculture & Food Systems ...................................................................... 9-27 Buildings & Energy .......................................................................................... 9-28 Emergency Management ............................................................................ 9-31 Transportation ..................................................................................................... 9-33 Communications & Collaboration ........................................................ 9-34 9.5 Action Plan ..................................................................................................... 9-36 10 References, Photos, Acronyms, & Glossary Appendices Appendix A: Community Engagement Summary Appendix B: Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R, Population Forecast & Allocations Appendix C: Transportation Technical Document Appendix D: Capital Facilities Plan Technical Document Appendix E: Land Capacity & Housing Technical Appendix CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Appendix F: Climate Engagement Plan & Vulnerability Assessment CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 EXHIBITS Plan Foundation ................................................................................... i Exhibit A Jefferson County Planning Area iii Exhibit B Relationship: Countywide Planning Policies & Comprehensive Plan Elements ix Exhibit C Comprehensive Plan Update Process Diagram xiii 1 Land Use ...................................................................................... 1–1 Exhibit 1-1 General Land Use Categories (2025) .................................. 1–3 Exhibit 1-2 Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend 20-year Population Projection and Distribution (2025–2045) .......................................................................................... 1–4 Exhibit 1-3 Population Shares (2025 and 2045) .................................... 1–5 Exhibit 1-4 Estimated Employment Share by Planning Area (2023 and 2045) ..................................................................... 1–7 Exhibit 1-5 Current Land Use Map (2025) Assessor Information .......................................................................................... 1–9 Exhibit 1-6 Current Land Use (2025) Assessor Information ......... 1–10 Exhibit 1-7 Median Summer Land Surface Temperature (2019–2023) ......................................................................................... 1–15 Exhibit 1-8 Key Findings from the 2019 Community Health Assessment ........................................................................................ 1–17 Exhibit 1-9 Key Environmental Threats and Opportunities in East Jefferson County ........................................................... 1–18 Exhibit 1-10 Recreation Trail Connections to Schools and Parks of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and Chimacum (2025) ................................................................ 1–19 Exhibit 1-11 Land Use / Zoning Map (2025) ............................................. 1–23 Exhibit 1-12 Land Use Designations / Zoning Districts and Acreage (2025) ................................................................................ 1–24 Exhibit 1-13 Planned Residential Densities ............................................. 1–25 Exhibit 1-14 Summary of Rural Land Use and Zoning Designations .................................................................................... 1–26 Exhibit 1-15 Summary of Overlay Land Use and Zoning Designations .................................................................................... 1–28 Exhibit 1-16 Summary of Resource Land Use and Zoning Designations .................................................................................... 1–30 Exhibit 1-17 Summary of Master Planned Resort Land Use and Zoning Designations ......................................................... 1–31 Exhibit 1-18 Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Land Use and Zoning Designations .................................................................. 1–32 Exhibit 1-19 Port Townsend UGA Land Use and Zoning Designations .................................................................................... 1–33 Exhibit 1-20 Public Land Use Designations and Zoning ................ 1–33 Exhibit 1-21 Community Planning Areas .................................................. 1–37 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 1-22 Location of Rural Commercial Areas and Master Planned Resorts (2025) ............................................ 1–55 Exhibit 1-23 Rural Commercial Area Total Acreage & Infill Acreage (2025) ................................................................................ 1–79 Exhibit 1-24 Location of Rural Industrial Lands (2025) ..................... 1–86 Exhibit 1-25 Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Transitional Rural Zoning ...................................................................................1–126 Exhibit 1-26 Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Urban Zoning (2025) .................................................................................................... 1–127 Exhibit 1-26 Land Use Action Plan ................................................................ 1–137 2 Natural Resources .................................................................. 2–1 Exhibit 2-1 NRCS Potential Mineral Source Soils................................. 2–4 Exhibit 2-2 Jefferson County Farmland Soil Classifications ......... 2–6 Exhibit 2-3 Forest Lands Zoning (2025) .................................................... 2–11 Exhibit 2-4 Map of Forest Resource Lands (2025) ............................. 2–12 Exhibit 2-5 Map of Mineral Resource Lands (2025) .......................... 2–15 Exhibit 2-6 Map of Agricultural Resource Lands (2024) .............. 2–20 Exhibit 2-7 Natural Resources Action Plan ........................................... 2–28 3 Housing ....................................................................................... 3–1 Exhibit 3-1 Housing Inventory (2023)—Unincorporated Jefferson County ............................................................................. 3–4 Exhibit 3-2 Estimated Existing Housing Units (2020 and 2023) ........................................................................................................ 3–5 Exhibit 3-3 Age Distribution, Percent of Population (2022)—Unincorporated Jefferson County vs. City of Port Townsend and Statewide .............................. 3–7 Exhibit 3-4 Population by Age Cohort, Estimates and Projections (2020–2045)—Jefferson County ................ 3–8 Exhibit 3-5 Population by Race and Ethnicity (2022)— Unincorporated Jefferson County ...................................... 3–9 Exhibit 3-6 Educational Attainment by Age Group (2022)— Unincorporated Jefferson County ...................................... 3–9 Exhibit 3-7 Households by Cost Burden Status (2020)— Unincorporated Jefferson County .................................... 3–14 Exhibit 3-8 Cost Burden Status of Households by Racial and Ethnic Group (2020)—Unincorporated Jefferson County ........................................................................... 3–15 Exhibit 3-9 Housing Value Index (2006–2024)—Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend—and Median Family Income (2010–2024)—Jefferson County .................................................................................................. 3–17 Exhibit 3-10 Current (2023) and Planned Future Subsidized Rentals and Homes in Jefferson County ...................... 3–19 Exhibit 3-11 Current (2023) and Planned Future Emergency and Permanent Supportive Housing in Jefferson County .......................................................................... 3–23 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 3-12 Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend Housing Growth Targets (2020–2045) ........................... 3–25 Exhibit 3-13 Housing Capacity vs. Growth Targets for Unincorporated Jefferson County ................................... 3–26 Exhibit 3-14 Housing Action Plan .................................................................. 3–38 4 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historic & Cultural Preservation .............................................................................. 4–1 Exhibit 4-1 Jefferson County Parks and Trails (2022) ........................ 4–3 Exhibit 4-2 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Resources Action Plan .......................................... 4–15 5 Environment ............................................................................. 5–1 Exhibit 5-1 WRIAs in Jefferson County ....................................................... 5–4 Exhibit 5-2 Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas: Susceptible Aquifer Recharge Areas (SUSC) and Special Aquifer Recharge Protection Areas (SARPA) ............. 5–10 Exhibit 5-3 Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas: Seawater Intrusion Protection Zones ..................................................... 5–11 Exhibit 5-4 Hydrography: Frequently Flooded Areas, Streams, and Wetlands ............................................................ 5–12 Exhibit 5-5 Geologically Hazardous Areas .............................................. 5–13 Exhibit 5-6 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas: Fish-Habitat Inventory & State/Federal Listed Species Habitats ............................................................................ 5–14 Exhibit 5-7 Environment Action Plan ....................................................... 5–20 6 Transportation .......................................................................... 6–1 Exhibit 6-1 Functional Classification Map—East Jefferson County ................................................................................................... 6–4 Exhibit 6-2 Functional Classification Map—West Jefferson County .................................................................................................... 6–5 Exhibit 6-3 Transit Passenger Trips & Service Hours (2023) ......... 6–7 Exhibit 6-4 Level of Service Definitions—Active Transportation ................................................................................. 6–11 Exhibit 6-5 Level of Service Definitions—Transit ............................... 6–13 Exhibit 6-6 Off-Street and On-Street Bicycle Routes—East Jefferson County ........................................................................... 6–16 Exhibit 6-7 2025-2030 Six-year Transportation Improvement Program ............................................................ 6–18 Exhibit 6-8 Irondale and Port Hadlock Area Improvement Projects ............................................................................................... 6–20 Exhibit 6-9 Transportation Action Plan ................................................... 6–29 7 Economic Development ...................................................... 7–1 Exhibit 7-1 Employment Concentration In Jefferson County (2021) ..................................................................................... 7–5 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 7-2 Unemployment Rate (1990–2024)—National, State, and Jefferson County .................................................... 7–6 Exhibit 7-3 Covered Employment Share by Sector (2002– 2022)—Jefferson County ............................................................ 7–7 Exhibit 7-4 Average Annual Wage by Sector (2022) ....................... 7–10 Exhibit 7-5 Inflation Adjusted Average Wage (1990– 2022)—State, State Less King, and Jefferson County ................................................................................................... 7–11 Exhibit 7-6 Sources of Personal Income (2022)—Jefferson County vs. Statewide ................................................................... 7–11 Exhibit 7-7 Inflation Adjusted Annual Taxable Retail Sales (2005–2023)—Unincorporated Jefferson County .................................................................................................. 7–12 Exhibit 7-8 Inflation Adjusted Quarterly Taxable Retail Sales* (2013–2023)—Unincorporated Jefferson County .................................................................................................. 7–13 Exhibit 7-9 Estimated Employment Growth by Planning Area (2023–2045) .......................................................................... 7–23 Exhibit 7-10 Economic Development Action Plan ........................... 7–33 8 Capital Facilities & Utilities ................................................. 8–1 Exhibit 8-1 Capital Facilities and Public Services Provided ......... 8–2 Exhibit 8-2 Relationship of Capital Facilities Plan to Countywide Planning Policies ............................................... 8–5 Exhibit 8-3 Distinguishing Public Purpose Lands from Essential Public Facilities .......................................................... 8–7 Exhibit 8-4 JPUD Electrical Energy Usage by Customer Class (2021) ........................................................................................ 8–13 Exhibit 8-5 Estimated Residential Population Electricity Demand (2045) .............................................................................. 8–14 Exhibit 8-6 JPUD Broadband Expansion Projects (2025) ............ 8–16 Exhibit 8-7 Capital Facilities, Essential Public Facilities, and Utilities Action Plan ................................................................... 8–42 9 Climate..........................................................................................9-1 Exhibit 9-1 Change in Summer Surface Temperatures (2013–2023) .......................................................................................... 9-6 Exhibit 9-2 Percent of the Population Age 65 or Older in Jefferson County (2022) .............................................................. 9-8 Exhibit 9-3 Tree Canopy Coverage in Western and Eastern Jefferson County (2021) ............................................................... 9-11 Exhibit 9-4 Major Transportation Routes and Public Facilities at Risk of Sea Level Rise and Flooding in Jefferson County ...................................................................... 9-12 Exhibit 9-5 Flood Hazard Mapping of Different Levels of Sea Level in Quilcene Bay ....................................................... 9-14 Exhibit 9-6 Agricultural Resource Lands in Jefferson County (2024) ................................................................................... 9-16 CONTENTS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 9-7 Historic and Future Air (Shading) and Stream (Dots) Temperature Throughout the Olympics and the Impact of Temperature on Salmon .............. 9-18 Exhibit 9-8 Climate Action Plan .................................................................... 9-36 VISION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Vision Statement OUR HOME Jefferson County encompasses approximately 1,814 square miles of land, bound on the north and east by the shores of the vast Salish Sea, with the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Hood Canal to the southeast. The terrestrial borders of the county join with Clallam County to the north and west, and Mason and Grays Harbor counties to the south. Approximately 80% of the land within the total County acreage is in non-county public ownership. Jefferson County stretches across Olympic National Park and Olympic National Forest, and encompasses spectacular rainforests and mighty rivers including the Queets, Quinault, Hoh, Bogachiel, Quilcene, Dosewallips, Duckabush, and hundreds of miles of shoreline. The first peoples of this region—including the Chemakum, Hoh, Kilcid (“Quilcene”), Klallam, Makah, Quinault, Queets, Quileute, S’Klallam, Skokomish, Suquamish, Twana, and others—have stewarded these lands since time immemorial. While colonization disrupted lifeways and displaced communities, tribal nations persist today as sovereign governments with affirmed treaty rights, cultural continuity, and enduring relationships to these lands and waters. Jefferson County is located within the ancestral territories of many tribal nations. Federally-recognized tribes with reservation or Usual and Accustomed use areas include the Hoh Tribe, Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, Lower Elwah Klallam Tribe, Makah Tribe, Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe, Quinault Indian Nation, Quileute Tribe, Skokomish Indian Tribe, and Suquamish Tribe. The County affirms the ongoing rights of these sovereign nations and acknowledges their unceded relationships to the land, water, and all beings. Early European settlements began in the mid-1800s. Today’s towns and villages, rural crossroads, and tribal nations in Jefferson County grew from early established imprints of urban, commercial, and cultural centers. Snapshots of our history include the establishment of the community of Irondale in 1879, leading the way for development of the iron smelter of Puget Sound Iron Co., later to become Western Steel Company. The 1870s to 1890s represents the time in our nation’s history of extensive railroad construction and the anticipation that the City of VISION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Port Townsend, a well-known seaport, would be the railroad terminus and prosper—coining the term “City of Dreams”. During that time in 1884, the large sawmill of Western Mill and Lumber Company was built in Hadlock. An oil boom in western Washington was underway in 1885 and the plat of Oil City in western Jefferson County was registered in 1911, and the same year the alcohol distillery plant making methanol from sawdust, was constructed in Port Hadlock. A large iron ore smelter was built in Irondale in 1879 and was operated by the Puget Sound Iron Company. The plant employed some 400 men and produced high-quality iron, which was shipped primarily to San Francisco. The plant closed in 1889, but was reopened several years later as the Western Steel Company. Western Steel was supposed to be instrumental in building a railroad from the City of Port Townsend to Portland, Oregon, but that never happened. By 1909, the steel mill, working around the clock, was producing approximately 700 tons of steel per week. Irondale was a bustling boom town. The Seattle Post- Intelligencer declared in 1910 that Irondale had the potential “of becoming the largest and most important manufacturing city in Western America.” But suddenly in 1911, Western Steel declared bankruptcy, causing Irondale’s collapse. After a brief period of operation during World War I (1917-1919) to use up stockpiled raw materials, the plant was dismantled. World War I was on the heels of this time, starting in 1914. Jefferson County’s geographical setting contributed to strategic military installations on our shorelines and corresponding economic development from World Wars I and II. The post-war decommissioning of coastal defense systems at Forts Worden, Townsend, and Flagler began a turn away from the military’s contribution to the economy; the industrial facilities that constructed them were largely gone; and the steel mill in Irondale ceased operation in 1911. Western Mill and Lumber Co. had closed in 1907 when the bottom fell out of the lumber market. 1913 marked the closure of the short-lived Alcohol Plant. While many people chose to leave for a more stable economic future, those who stayed found opening doors to other economic opportunities. In 1927, the Crown Zellerbach Corporation built a kraft paper mill near the City of Port Townsend, spending more than $5 million and employing 600 construction workers and later, hundreds of mill workers. Today, that mill, now known as the Port Townsend Paper Mill is the largest private employer in the county. Remnants of our industrial past have become parks and points of interest. Nearly 35,000 people now live in small communities skirting the Olympic Mountains to the west and east. As both a refuge from metropolis surroundings, and a destination for economic opportunity, Jefferson County has stood out as a place where fishers, farmers, hunters, mariners, artists and artisans, foresters and VISION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 outdoor enthusiasts, as well as independent and innovative entrepreneurs of every kind have subsisted and thrived in this working landscape. Jefferson county residents, throughout history rise to the occasion working to mark new stories for them, their families, and the county. Residents of Jefferson County form a hard-working community of entrepreneurs, skilled artisans, tradespeople, teachers, healthcare professionals, artists, maritime workers, service workers, nonprofit leaders, retirees, and volunteers who contribute to the county’s resilience and character. VISION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 OUR VISION FOR 2045 The communities of Jefferson County embrace a balance of tradition and innovation while preserving the rural character of our land and lifestyles. Land use priorities have protected open spaces, forests, and farmland for long-term management and conservation, while also embracing innovations that foster opportunities for increased synergy between natural and built environments. Jefferson County believes that investing in our local economy, culture, and ecosystem yields benefits for current residents and future generations. Low-impact techniques, localized environmental remediation, and innovations in housing and industry benefit overall ecosystem vitality and biodiversity while aiding ecological restoration and adapting to climate disruption. The vibrant community fabric offers opportunity for all residents across incomes, abilities, genders, and family structures to thrive, age with dignity, and contribute their gifts. We value people not only for their economic output but also for their participation, creativity, culture, care, and relationships that sustain our communities. Jefferson County values life-long learning and reveres constitutional rights, personal independence and privacy; and working cooperatively as a community on issues that affect all. We commit to actively undoing the legacies of racial exclusion, forced displacement, and environmental injustice by advancing equity in land use, housing, economic development, and community engagement. Jefferson County recognizes that Black, Indigenous, immigrant, disabled, and working-class communities have historically been excluded from decision-making and land access. Our planning for the future will center these voices and ensure meaningful, ongoing participation and benefit. Jefferson County embraces diversity. We respect and honor tribal treaty rights and tribal sovereignty. Policies are in place to ensure that government-to-government collaboration and consultation is regular and ongoing. The community values high-quality education, public services, and facilities. Emphasis on community spaces and networks of non- motorized trails, bike lanes, and paths encourages interactive communities of healthy individuals. Community members of all ages and abilities have access to safe and inclusive environments, healthcare—including preventative, mental health, and long-term care—as well as fresh and abundant locally grown food. Public Health An additional value could be included regarding public health matching GMA’s encouragement for planning for active living per staff suggestions: “Jefferson County values: Environments that foster health for the entire population. We place emphasis on creating places that make it easy to lead physically active lifestyles and where there is access to nutritious foods.” Balancing Competing Interests Jefferson County’s setting, character, and economy attracts visitors and new residents alike. However, the County’s limited affordable housing supply presents challenges attracting and retaining families. This Comprehensive Plan establishes goals and policies balancing competing interests, such as affordable housing, economic development, and protection of environmentally sensitive areas. Together, Jefferson County can be a place of opportunity for all, while maintaining its character and environment. Additional Ideas VISION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County residents value the strengths and resiliencies found in volunteerism, taking an active role in local government and participating in organizations and institutions supporting our communities. Volunteer initiatives and private services provide additional opportunities and forward momentum in communities when there are limited public funds and capacity, or when identified needs are outside of the purview of county government. Jefferson County also recognizes that sustainable change requires public investment, accountable governance, and equitable distribution of resources to meet basic community needs. Jefferson County enjoys a healthy and diverse local economy with wisely considered economic development and balanced growth. Though people inevitably leave their mark on the natural landscape, through responsible planning, we are intentional with the type of mark we create, maintaining our character while allowing communities to develop and thrive. Sectors including food system development, marine trades and craftsmanship, hospitality and tourism, healthcare and education, resource management, high-tech and science-based trades, art and cultural events, among others, support our robust economy. We believe that investing in human potential and the resilience of our local economy, including improved infrastructure networks, yields benefits for current residents and future generations. Jefferson County honors and respects the natural world as integral to our health and lifestyles. The County prepares for projected climate impacts and protects open spaces, shorelines, forests, clean air and clean water, wildlife and wildlife habitat so that future generations may also practice stewardship of the land, the seas, and the communities of Jefferson County. Justice-centered responses to climate change, habitat loss, and ecological disruption must also shape Jefferson County’s future. We affirm the knowledge and leadership of Indigenous communities, frontline climate-impacted residents, and those historically pushed to the margins. Our vision is for a regenerative and equitable future— where environmental health, social justice, and economic resilience are inseparable. VISION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Plan Foundation INTRODUCTION This Comprehensive Plan is the foundation for ensuring our community values are preserved while we proactively plan for future growth. This Comprehensive Plan considers the voice, vision, and future of the Jefferson County community in the Jefferson County Planning Area through the year 2045. This Chapter describes: ▶ The Jefferson County planning area. ▶ The purpose of this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ The planning process and public involvement. ▶ The Vision Statement and Framework Goals that guide this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Use of this Comprehensive Plan in decision-making. ▶ How this Comprehensive Plan shall be amended and monitored. Carolyn Gallaway PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 PLANNING AREA Jefferson County is in the north-central portion of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula. The County is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the waters of the Admiralty Inlet and Hood Canal. Clallam County and the Strait of Juan de Fuca define the northern border, while Mason and Grays Harbor Counties define the southern boundaries. Jefferson County comprises approximately 1,814 square miles of land area and approximately 2,187 square miles within the full county boundary, which includes offshore water areas. It is the eighteenth largest of Washington State’s thirty-nine counties. The Olympic National Park and National Forest, which bisect the county into western and eastern halves, comprise approximately 60% of the county’s 1.16 million acres of land. About another 20% of land is under the jurisdiction of other federal and state agencies. Most of the county’s population—over 94%—resides in eastern Jefferson County. As of 2023, 5.7% of the population in Jefferson County reside in Western Jefferson County. The bulk of the county’s population is located primarily in the northeast portion of the county, in the communities of Port Townsend, the Tri-Area (Irondale, Port Hadlock, and Chimacum), and Port Ludlow. Quilcene, and Brinnon are the largest communities in the southern portion of the county. There are two Master Planned Resorts (MPR)—the Port Ludlow MPR and the Pleasant Harbor MPR in Brinnon. The county is largely a rural county, comprised primarily of forest lands along with a smaller portion of agricultural lands. Clusters of small residential developments are found along waterways and rural roads, a reflection of settlement along Puget Sound and the Hood Canal, early transportation routes, and a resource-based economy. This rural quality of life is what attracts many residents and tourists to the county and is what most residents desire to protect. Jefferson County has one incorporated city, the City of Port Townsend— the largest community and an urban growth area (UGA) under the Growth Management Act, chapter 36.70A RCW (the GMA). In 2024, the Port Townsend UGA was expanded to include approximately 33 acres of publicly owned parcels to the south of city limits. This unincorporated portion of the Port Townsend UGA is subject to this Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan and Jefferson County development regulations. Jefferson County has one other UGA, located in portions of the unincorporated communities of Port Hadlock and Irondale and now referred to as the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA (PHUGA). UGA zoning in portions of Port Hadlock and Irondale satisfied the GMA requirements on September 9, 2025, when urban levels of service for sewer were realized by the Port Hadlock Sewer System (PHUGA Sewer System) PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 became operational. The urban zoning in the current unincorporated UGA only will expand to other areas of Port Hadlock and Irondale as sewer service becomes available to properties within 200 feet of a sewer collection line. These areas only then will meet the GMA requirements for a UGA because they will have urban levels of service in terms of a water and a sanitary sewer system. The PHUGA Sewer System uses a modular sewer plant with greater capacity to process sewage than for the just the initial service area. Division I of title 13 JCC allows for broadening the PHUGA Sewer System. The county may initiate formation of a local improvement district (LID) for the purpose of funding sewer extensions or expansions, or the county may secure grants or appropriations for this purpose. The county currently has no plans to fund sewer extensions or expansions. However, chapter 13.08 JCC authorizes late comer agreements which allow developers to pay for sewer expansion with recovery of expansion costs from owners of parcels who later hook up to the PHUGA Sewer System. The PHUGA Sewer System provides wastewater treatment for local residents and businesses on properties within 200 feet of a sewer collection line. A zoning map shows the area of the current UGA. See zoning map at: https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/11745/UGA- Zoning-with-Sewer. the PHUGA Sewer System supports affordable housing, medical facilities, higher density multifamily residences, senior housing, and commercial and industrial development within the area shown on the zoning map. Exhibit A Jefferson County Planning Area PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN PURPOSE As required by RCW 36.70A.030, this Comprehensive Plan is a generalized coordinated land use policy statement of the governing body of Jefferson County that is adopted pursuant to the GMA. Under the GMA, counties must adopt a comprehensive plan and development regulations. “Development regulations” include, but are not limited to, zoning ordinances. Woods v. Kittitas Cty., 162 Wn.2d 597, 609 (2007). As required by WAC 365-196-800(1), the development regulations must be consistent with and implement this Comprehensive Plan. However, since a comprehensive plan is a guide and not a document designed for making specific land use decisions, conflicts surrounding the appropriate use are resolved in favor of the more specific development regulations, usually zoning regulations. Citizens for Mount Vernon v. City of Mount Vernon, 133 Wn.2d 861, 873 (1997). A specific zoning ordinance will prevail over an inconsistent comprehensive plan. Id., 133 Wn.2d at 873-74. If a comprehensive plan prohibits a particular use but the zoning code permits it, the use would be permitted. Weyerhaeuser v. Pierce County, 124 Wn.2d 26, 43, (1994). These rules require that conflicts between a general comprehensive plan and a specific zoning code be resolved in the zoning code’s favor. Citizens of for Mount Vernon, 133 Wn.2d at 873-74. This Comprehensive Plan must contain certain elements, discussed in detail below. The county must designate any urban growth area, outside of which growth can occur only if it is not urban in nature. When this Comprehensive Plan and development regulations comply with the GMA, then project permit decisions that are consistent with this Comprehensive Plan and development regulations will also comply with the GMA. This Comprehensive Plan is a decision-making guide for both officials and community members. This Comprehensive Plan serves as a tool for making decisions about future growth and development in Jefferson County over the next 20 years. This Comprehensive Plan outlines goals and policies that help define, direct and guide future growth and development throughout the county. PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Why Plan? Comprehensive land use planning is a systematic process designed to define a long-range community vision. The process unites a clear understanding of existing conditions within a community with the development of goals and policies that enable that community to make decisions from which its long-range vision will be addressed. The process is a powerful tool for turning promising possibilities into long-term realities. Planning enhances the ability to weigh competing needs in the community and make judicious allowances for each. It affords the opportunity to balance the demands of development with benefits of economic development and protection of human health and the environment. It provides tools for supplying family wage jobs and affordable housing without compromising our rural character. In addition, it prepares for harnessing the rewards of a growing population while simultaneously meeting the challenge of providing safe, healthy, and convenient community services for everyone. Planning enables addressing the current needs of the community before development begins and then directs how and where that growth should occur. In accordance with the GMA, the 2025 update addresses a 2045 horizon year, and considers new population, housing, and job growth, changes to the Future Land Use Map, accommodating the county’s fair share of affordable housing, racially disparate impacts of housing policies and adequate provisions to address identified impacts, and supporting investments in parks and transportation, utilities, and public services. The 2025 update also includes a new Climate Element consistent with recent changes in state law. This Comprehensive Plan is also required to be consistent with the Countywide Planning Policies (CPPs). Each of these are discussed in more detail below. Guiding Land Use & Growth Decisions This Comprehensive Plan provides a legally recognized framework for making decisions about land use in the unincorporated areas of Jefferson County. This Comprehensive Plan manages growth by directing more intensive development to appropriate areas while protecting public health and conserving critical areas and natural resource, rural, and open space lands. It is also intended to provide an educational and a policy implementation tool for a broad range of public and private users, including community groups, Jefferson County officials, and other government agencies. This Comprehensive Plan helps these users in several ways: PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ This Plan is the framework for other plans and development regulations that govern the location and intensity of land uses throughout unincorporated Jefferson County. This Comprehensive Plan’s policies provide the basis for updating community plans (subarea, local, and functional plans), for evaluating proposed changes in zoning development regulations, and in reviewing proposals for development projects such as land divisions. It also indicates to the public how Jefferson County would likely review and approve changes in plans, zoning, or other regulations that apply to an area or a specific parcel. ▶ It guides the provision of public facilities and services by integrating land use, infrastructure, and delivery of human services. This Comprehensive Plan provides the framework for decisions about public facilities and services (such as where facilities should be located to support planned growth). This Comprehensive Plan also directs public spending to areas where growth is targeted. ▶ It provides regional coordination and consistency with other jurisdictional planning efforts. It is intended that other public agencies (local, regional, state, federal, and tribal), in cooperation with Jefferson County, use this Comprehensive Plan in conjunction with the County-wide Planning Policies (CPPs) as regional perspectives or county-wide viewpoints when other plans and growth policies are developed and when making project decisions. ▶ This Comprehensive Plan allows for community participation and involvement. Comprehensive planning is an evolving process which allows for periodic review and updates in response to changing community goals and vision as articulated by community members, businesses, and interested organizations. ▶ This Comprehensive Plan allows the county to thoughtfully plan the future and create a place where residents are happy to live. Carolyn Gallaway PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Growth Management Act The GMA provides a framework for land use planning and the regulation of development in response to challenges posed to the health and quality of life by rapid growth. Within the framework established by the GMA, a wide diversity of local visions for the future can be accommodated; however, certain procedural criteria must be met. Recognition of the variations and diversity in local communities is implicit in the framework of the GMA. A “bottom-up” approach to planning is recommended. “Bottom-up” planning originates at the community level with the articulation of a vision statement, which encompasses the values of as many different community members as possible. The vision is then translated into goals and policies, and eventually development regulations. The main requirement is that the vision is consistent with the goals and intent of the GMA. It is important to note that a “bottom-up” approach does not mean that procedural and regulatory constraints may be ignored. Successful “bottom-up” planning is predicated on allowing a community to choose the appropriate “tools” for the job, provided that those selected are located entirely within a “toolbox” defined by the GMA. It is critical in the planning process for a jurisdiction to provide sufficient guidance so that a community understands the need to avoid selecting “tools” which are found outside of the “GMA toolbox.” Failure to provide adequate guidance likely will result in inappropriate choices being made. The GMA establishes several requirements for local comprehensive planning. The GMA identifies specific goals for all Comprehensive Plans, prescribes the elements each plan is to contain, provides requirements for interim development regulations, mandates the establishment of Urban Growth Areas (UGAs), requires local governments to demonstrate how they will pay for the improvements and facilities called for in their plans, and mandates extensive public participation in the planning process. The GMA changed the process for developing Comprehensive Plans in several important ways: The Growth Management Act provides goals, in no particular order, that guide the development and adoption of comprehensive plans and development regulations. These goals direct most population and growth to be focused in urban areas to avoid sprawl, provide efficient and effective services and infrastructure with adopted levels of service, and protect environmentally critical areas. See RCW 36.70A.020, for full goals. These goals, in summary, address: ▶Urban Growth ▶Reduce Sprawl ▶Transportation ▶Housing ▶Economic Development ▶Property Rights ▶Permits ▶Natural Resource Industries ▶Open Space and Recreation ▶Environment ▶Citizen Participation and Coordination ▶Public Facilities and Services ▶Historic Preservation ▶Climate Change and Resiliency ▶Shorelines of the State The fourteenth goal was added in 2023 to address climate change, and the fifteenth goal references goals and policies from the Shoreline Management Act (RCW 90.58.020). See RCW 36.70A.480. Growth Management Act Goals PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ It established 15 statewide goals with which local Comprehensive Plans and development regulations must be consistent. See sidebar. ▶ In addition to the mandated goals, local Comprehensive Plans must contain the following elements per RCW 36.70A.070: — Land Use Element — Housing Element — Capital Facilities Plan Element — Utilities Element — Rural Element, for counties — Transportation Element — Economic Development Element, when state funds are available — Park and Recreation Element, when state funds are available — Climate Change and Resiliency Element ▶ Local governments must adopt policies and development regulations to protect critical areas and natural resource lands. ▶ Local governments must demonstrate how the capital facilities necessary to support the development envisioned by their Comprehensive Plan will be provided and paid for as development occurs, or within a specified time thereafter. ▶ The Comprehensive Plans of counties, and cities or towns within those counties, must be consistent with one another (e.g., alignment with growth allocations and Countywide Planning Policies, not local policies). ▶ In consultation with cities, Counties must adopt population allocations for the 20-year planning period. ▶ Counties and cities must agree on UGAs "within which urban growth shall be encouraged and outside of which growth can occur only if it is not urban in nature." The UGAs must be able to accommodate the allocated growth that is expected to occur over 20 years. ▶ Counties and cities jointly must adopt county-wide planning policies which establish guidelines on how their Comprehensive Plans will be developed to be consistent. The GMA goals and element requirements were amended in recent years to require jurisdictions to plan for and accommodate housing that is affordable to all economic segments of the population (House Bill (HB) 1220), to identify and address racially disparate impacts (HB 1220), to expand housing options by easing barriers for ADUs (HB 1337), and to address climate hazards that Jefferson County currently experiences and that are expected to worsen in the future (HB 1181). In addition, HB 1110 requires many cities in the state to increase middle PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 housing opportunities—the county is not required to comply with HB 1110 but has chosen to increase middle housing opportunities in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA to improve housing opportunities and affordability in the UGA and meet other local priorities. The GMA requires that Jefferson County and any city within it prepare comprehensive plans every ten years to manage population and employment growth for 20–year planning horizons (RCW 36.70A.130(5)(b)). As long as the population of Jefferson County is less than fifty thousand and its population has increased by no more than 17% in the ten years preceding the deadline, the county has an additional twenty-four months following the ten-year deadline (RCW 36.70A.130(6)(b)). The County has worked to meet this mandate with extensive public involvement and community outreach. Countywide Planning Policies On December 21, 1992, Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend adopted a joint resolution establishing the Countywide Planning Policies (CPPs) as a policy framework to guide the development of comprehensive plans. The county’s version of this joint resolution is Jefferson County Resolution No. 128-92. To achieve greater countywide representation in coordinated planning, the Growth Management Steering Committee (GMSC) was expanded over time to include officials from Jefferson County, the City of Port Townsend, the Port of Port Townsend, and Jefferson County Public Utility District No. 1. In 2024, the reconstituted GMSC, along with one representative each from the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and Brinnon Rural Village Center communities oversaw updates to the CPPs. Federally recognized Indian Tribes were also invited to participate in review of the CPPs. The 2024 amendments to the CPPs included those necessary due to recent legislative changes, updates to provide clarification to select policies, and deleting policies that were no longer relevant. The updated CPPs were adopted by the City of Port Townsend and the Jefferson County Board of Commissioners (Board) in a joint resolution on November 18, 2024. The county’s version of this joint resolution is Jefferson County Resolution No. 67-1118-24R. CPPs are designed to ensure that county and city comprehensive plans are consistent with one another and consistent with regional growth management planning. According to the GMA, each local Comprehensive Plan should demonstrate that such policies have been followed in its development (RCW 36.70A.210(1) and WAC 365-196-510). The CPPs ensure coordinated land use and population planning between Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend. The CPPs recognized the need for counties, cities, special purpose districts, and those agencies and jurisdictions involved in the delivery of public services, to coordinate the independent development of PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Comprehensive Plans. The implementing legislation to the GMA required that counties and cities agree upon policy statements in eleven subject areas, including: urban growth areas, contiguous and orderly development and the provision of urban services, joint county and city planning, siting of essential public facilities, countywide transportation facilities and strategies, affordable housing for all economic segments of the population, countywide development and employment, Tribal coordination and protection of Tribal cultural resources, and rural areas. In addition, the City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County agreed to include policies pertaining to fiscal impacts associated with the impacts of growth and how to use the CPPs. Exhibit B offers a guide to the relationship between the CPPs and the Comprehensive Plan Elements. Compliance with the CPPs has been integral to the development of individual elements of this Comprehensive Plan, and each element provides an overview of consistency with relevant CPPs. Exhibit B Relationship: CPP & Comprehensive Plan Elements Countywide Planning Policy Comprehensive Plan Element 1. Policy to Implement RCW 36.70A.110 Urban Growth Areas (UGAs) Land Use 2. Promotion of Contiguous and Orderly Development and Provision of Urban Services Transportation Capital Facilities, Essential Public Facilities, & Utilities 3. Joint County and City Planning within Urban Growth Areas Land Use 4. Siting Public Capital and Transportation Facilities of a County or Statewide Significance Transportation Capital Facilities, Essential Public Facilities, & Utilities 5. Countywide Transportation Facilities and Strategies Transportation Capital Facilities, Essential Public Facilities, & Utilities 6. Provision of Affordable Housing Land Use Housing 7. Countywide Economic Development & Employment Land Use Economic Development 8. Rural Areas Land Use 9. Fiscal Impacts Analysis Transportation Capital Facilities, Essential Public Facilities, & Utilities PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Countywide Planning Policy Comprehensive Plan Element 10. Protection of Tribal Cultural Resources & Tribal Coordination Land Use Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation 11. Countywide Planning Policy: Use, Monitoring, Review, and Amendment Plan Foundation Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Jefferson County’s Compliance Strategy This Comprehensive Plan has been designed based on four fundamental sources of support and guidance. Together, they provide the framework for this Comprehensive Plan, which is responsive to local needs and regionally unique land use patterns and follows the goals and requirements of the GMA. ▶ Compliance with the goals and procedural criteria of the GMA and its implementing development regulations. ▶ Compliance with CPPs, adopted jointly by the City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County, to ensure that local plans are consistent with each other and with the GMA (e.g., alignment with growth allocations and the CPPs). ▶ Continuous, open public participation in the planning process. ▶ Analysis and compliance with the Growth Management Hearings Board decisions and decisions made by Washington State courts. The GMA goals and procedural criteria, and the Growth Hearings Board and court decisions, set the state-wide framework. The Countywide Planning Policy and public participation supply local detail for realizing the GMA’s broader goals within Jefferson County. PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 PLANNING PROCESS & PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Planning Since 1991 The Washington State legislature, responding to the Growth Strategies Commission Report on Long-Range Planning in the State of Washington, adopted the GMA in 1990. The Board voted to “opt-in” to the GMA in late 1991. Public involvement in the planning process began immediately with the formation of community task forces to develop Interim Critical Area, Mineral Land, and Forest Resource Land Ordinances. Concurrently, the county developed a questionnaire, titled Jefferson 2000, which surveyed County residents’ opinions about their vision for the future. Jefferson 2000 also asked residents to rank “values,” such as economic growth, environmental protection, visual beauty, and the accessibility of services. The County convened the Jefferson 2000 Strategic Planning process, which involved 26 separate taxing districts and service providers responsible for water, fire protection, libraries, and similar services to County residents. Jefferson 2000 Strategic Planning used information generated by the Jefferson 2000 questionnaire and analysis of existing services, facilities, and long-range plans of the service providers to begin capital facilities planning required by the GMA. The Joint Growth Management Steering Committee was created in 1991 to oversee the development of planning in Jefferson County under the GMA. The Steering Committee consisted of three representatives from the City of Port Townsend, the only incorporated city in Jefferson County, and the Board. The Steering Committee was formed with a provision that, should additional UGAs be designated, the Steering Committee would be expanded to accommodate representation from the newly designated UGA. The CPPs were developed cooperatively between City and County staff consistent with the requirements and procedural criteria of the GMA, and was reviewed by the Joint Growth Management Steering Committee. Public hearings were held on the CPP, and both City and County government adopted these policies by joint resolution on December 21, 1992. The county’s version of this resolution is Jefferson County Resolution No. 128-92. The most recently updated CPPs were PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 adopted by the Board on November 18, 2024 in Jefferson County Resolution No. 67-1118-24R, as discussed above. Considering Alternative Futures To assist community members and decision-makers in formulating a new long-range Comprehensive Plan for Jefferson County and to comply with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), Chapter 43.21c RCW, the county commissioned and issued an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS contained an analysis of existing conditions and land use needs and demands and compared and analyzed the possible environmental impacts of the Comprehensive Plan alternatives. Alternatives evaluated were developed by the planning staff and Planning Commission with input from the county’s community groups and residents. The four alternative “Growth Scenarios” analyzed in the Draft EIS were: ▶ The Focused Growth Alternative ▶ The Dispersed Growth Alternative ▶ The Moderate Growth Alternative ▶ The Preferred Growth Alternative PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The 1997 Draft EIS evaluated environmental impacts that may result from the implementation of the proposed alternative plans. The alternatives explored the meaning of rural character (see sidebar for state requirements on rural character), and the distribution of growth in urban areas, rural centers, and resorts, together with the balancing of the GMA goals and the CPPs. The Draft EIS and the Draft Comprehensive Plan were considered in the public review and adoption process. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIS) of May 27, 1998 included additional analysis and findings resulting from public comments on the Draft EIS. The Final EIS included all comments received in writing along with County responses to the comments. The Final EIS, together with the Draft EIS it completes, provides a foundation of land use and environmental analysis for subsequent Comprehensive Plan periodic updates and amendments and implementation measures such as development regulations and projects. The Final EIS has been supplemented and addended since 1998. The Preferred Alternative, evaluated in the Final EIS was adjusted and integrated into the 1998 Comprehensive Plan. The completed 2018 Comprehensive Plan Periodic Update addressing the 2038 planning horizon, drew on and benefited from the exploration of alternatives in the Final EIS, including the definition of rural character, approaches to distributing growth primarily in urban areas, and suggested environmental policies and mitigation. The 2025 Comprehensive Plan Periodic Update, addressing the 2045 planning horizon further, explored distribution of affordable and attainable housing growth in urban areas and two Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development (LAMIRDs) that allow residential, and adopts policies that contribute to climate change resilience and mitigation. A Determination of Nonsignificance (DNS) and SEPA Checklist were issued in September 2025 for public review and comment. Rural character refers to the patterns of land use and development established by a county in the rural element of its comprehensive plan. See RCW 36.70A.011 and RCW 36.70A.170 for full description. In summary, rural character involves patterns of land use and development established by a county in the rural element of its comprehensive plan, including areas: ▶Where open space, natural landscape, and vegetation predominate over built environment. ▶That foster traditional rural lifestyles, rural-based economies, and opportunities to both live and work in rural areas. ▶That provide visual landscapes that are traditionally found in rural areas and communities. ▶That are compatible with the use of the land by wildlife and for fish and wildlife habitat, ▶That reduce the inappropriate conversion of undeveloped land into sprawling, low-density development. ▶That generally do not require the extension of urban governmental services. ▶That are consistent with the protection of natural surface water flows and groundwater and surface water recharge and discharge areas. Rural Character PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Plan Creation & Amendment Exhibit C below describes how the various pieces of the comprehensive planning process fit together. Concurrent with environmental review, public hearings and workshop meetings have been held by both the Jefferson County Planning Commission and the Board. Exhibit C Comprehensive Plan Update Process Diagram Public Involvement Public involvement is the cornerstone of comprehensive planning for any community. Complying with the requirements of the GMA, Jefferson County has engaged community leaders, interested community members, developers, property rights advocates, environmentalists, and neighborhoods in a dynamic, active public process. Public participation has occurred not only through community participation in task forces and goals-setting workshops, but also under the auspices of the Planning Commission. Consistent with the Planning Enabling Act, Chapter 36.70 RCW, the Planning Commission has been involved in comprehensive planning in Jefferson County. The Planning Commission has advertised its activities in the local newspapers and held open houses on a variety of issues. Public involvement in comprehensive planning is required for compliance with the GMA and has been identified by the Growth Management Hearings Board as essential to proper development and adoption of plans. In addition, public participation is essential in adopting a Comprehensive Plan which preserves the character of Jefferson County as envisioned by community residents. With the 1998 adoption of this comprehensive plan and with other periodic and annual amendment cycles, the county has conducted regular and extensive public engagement efforts. Appendix A documents the 2025 Comprehensive Plan periodic update community involvement efforts in full. Residents, property owners, community groups, businesses, and experts provided valuable input throughout Community Visioning Inventory & Analysis Discussion Draft Elements Public Outreach, Consultation with Tribes, State, & Other Governments, & Planning Commission Review Draft Plan Review Planning Commission Public Hearing & Recs. Board of County Commissioners Public Hearing & Adoption PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 the 2025 update. Outreach efforts employed both traditional and creative approaches to involve the community and key stakeholders in an effort to welcome all community members to contribute their voices. These included four outreach events hosted by staff and Planning Commission in February and March of 2025 to review draft goals and policies, organization of a Climate Action Committee workgroup to guide development of the new Climate Element, targeted engagement with community-based organizations and stakeholders, and formal public hearings with Planning Commission and the Board. Key themes of feedback across the efforts included: ▶ One of the most common values in the county is the natural beauty and rural landscape. Conservation and celebration of the county’s recreational opportunities and natural resources is a priority for county residents, particularly around conservation and protection of forest resource land and agricultural land. ▶ People encourage the county to continue actively preparing for the existing and projected impacts of climate change to ensure a regenerative and equitable future, where environmental health, social justice, and economic resilience are inseparable. ▶ Residents value the strong sense of community, including the strength of its diverse, multicultural community. ▶ Affording a home to rent or to own is one of the most challenging issues people are facing. The community would like to see more diverse housing types (including more rental options and supportive housing) available across all affordability levels, ages, and abilities and additional support for those experiencing homelessness. ▶ Residents would like to see increased access to services and more infrastructure to meet needs across the whole community, particularly for vulnerable or marginalized groups and in geographically isolated areas. ▶ Residents would like to see an increase in multimodal transportation options, including expanding universally accessible public transportation, bike and pedestrian paths, and trail connections. ▶ People would like to see a diversified economy with more employment and workforce development opportunities, particularly living wage jobs and job training. This includes strengthening key industries and expanding job options in natural resources, industrial and manufacturing businesses, agricultural and food businesses, and tourism. ▶ Planning for the future should center historically underrepresented or marginalized voices—including Black, PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Indigenous, immigrant, disabled, and working-class communities— and ensure meaningful, ongoing participation and benefit. ▶ Tribes in West Jefferson County voiced a need for more housing, a closer school, improved transportation (especially for elders), better health care services, and additional economic development opportunities. For example, Hoh Tribal members especially value living in a close-knit Tribal community but find accessing services and limited infrastructure difficult. The overarching goal of this outreach was to develop a comprehensive plan that ensures a high quality of life and access to opportunities for all residents. See Appendix A for a full summary of engagement conducted as part of the period update. VISION STATEMENT Comprehensive Planning in Jefferson County has matured in the 35 years since the GMA was passed, and the diverse viewpoints shared during participation of the community have shaped a meaningful and enduring vision that is pragmatic and responsible. Jefferson County’s vision statement is prominently located at the beginning of this plan following the table of contents. This vision guides and directs this Comprehensive Plan’s element goals and policies. PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 FRAMEWORK GOALS This Comprehensive Plan represents a synthesis between a thorough analysis of existing conditions, the history of development patterns, anticipated population growth, the requirements of the GMA, the opportunities for new land uses, and the Vision Statement. Community engagement described in Appendix A shaped the following framework goals, which echo the vision statement in this Comprehensive Plan. The framework goals are the heart of this Comprehensive Plan and provide a bridge from the Vision Statement to the Element-specific goals and policies. Although these framework goals are not listed in priority order, they are interrelated, provide structure in this Comprehensive Plan, and are to be balanced with each other to support the desired future of Jefferson County. Framework Goal I Preserving Rural Character Conserve Jefferson County’s functioning rural way of life, agricultural and forest working lands, shoreline and mountain vistas, and natural ecosystems, not just to be preserved to provide scenery, but to be preserved as a living, working, and sustaining rural landscape with which the community has a living/working relationship. Carolyn Gallaway Framework Goal II Sustainable and Suitable Growth Patterns Maintain a rural landscape by smartly growing in urban areas, resorts, and established rural centers and crossroads. Plan for infrastructure needed to care for these communities. Consider environmental, economic, and fiscal sustainability when investing in infrastructure and adding new development in rural and urban places. Carolyn Gallaway PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Framework Goal III Enhancement of the Rural Economy Grow a robust economy with living wage jobs based on resource lands, manufacturing, tourist and recreation-oriented services, and evolving technologies that allows our communities to thrive; through a concept of a sustainable rural economy—benefiting the county’s clean environment and benefiting from the county’s clean environment. Jefferson County Framework Goal IV Housing Variety and Affordability Create opportunities for innovation and flexibility in housing types affordable and attainable across incomes, ages, and abilities. Promote an adequate supply of quality year-round housing for community members, the workforce, seasonal farmworker housing, and recreational homes or accommodations for visitors. PHA, Port Hadlock Zillow, Quilcene Framework Goal V Allocation of Land and Investment to Meet Anticipated Needs Meet projected community needs for housing, commercial, and industrial growth through appropriate zoning and capital facility investment. To be consistent with urban growth and rural character goals, focus higher densities in urban growth areas and secondarily within resorts, rural centers, and crossroads. Zillow, Port Hadlock Property PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Framework Goal VI Environmental Conservation Foster environmental stewardship, preserve clean air and water, and protect fish and wildlife habitat. Anticipate and respond to climate change with mitigation and adaptation strategies. Carolyn Gallaway Framework Goal VII Mobility Provide a transportation system where residents, workers, and visitors have safe, comfortable, and interconnected ways to travel in Jefferson County whether as a driver, bicyclist, or pedestrian. Kitsap Sun, Olympic Discovery Trail, Port Townsend Framework Goal VIII Active and Healthy Living Promote community health and safety by fostering built environments that increase access to nutritious foods, active lifestyles and community services that are convenient to where residents live, work, learn and play. Chimacum Market, Jefferson County Public Health Framework Goal IX Continuous and Ongoing Public Involvement Provide opportunities for meaningful and equitable public involvement. Engage diverse stakeholders, historically marginalized communities, and vulnerable populations in the decision-making process. Jefferson County Tri-Areas Open House Meeting PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Framework Goal X Compliant with the GMA Maintain a Comprehensive Plan consistent with the GMA goals, requirements, case law, and the CPPs, and within this framework, strive to provide leadership and collaborative work with the State on legislative and local solutions to the challenges met with the GMA by rural counties. Carolyn Gallaway USING THIS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Comprehensive Plan Contents This Comprehensive Plan is organized in the following elements: ▶ Plan Foundation ▶ Element 1 Land Use ▶ Element 2 Natural Resources ▶ Element 3 Housing ▶ Element 4 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation ▶ Element 5 Environment ▶ Element 6 Transportation ▶ Element 7 Economic Development ▶ Element 8 Capital Facilities & Utilities ▶ Element 9 Climate Change Appendices provide additional detail and supporting materials, as follows: ▶ Appendix A: Community Engagement Summary ▶ Appendix B: Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R, Population Forecast & Allocations ▶ Appendix C: Transportation Technical Document ▶ Appendix D: Capital Facilities Plan Technical Document ▶ Appendix E: Land Capacity & Housing Technical Appendix Vision: A community’s best desired future. Framework Goal: Framework goals are an extension of a vision and form the foundation for the goals and policies contained in other elements of the Comprehensive Plan. Goal: A goal is a direction- setter. It is an ideal future end, condition or state related to the public health, safety, or general welfare toward which planning and implementation measures are directed. A goal is a general expression of community values and, therefore, is abstract in nature. Consequently, a goal is generally not quantifiable, time-dependent, or suggestive of specific actions for its achievement. Policy: A policy is a specific statement that guides decision-making. It indicates a clear commitment of the local legislative body. A policy is based on a comprehensive plan’s goals and the analysis of the data. A policy is put into effect through implementation measures such as zoning, land division, and environmental ordinances. Terms PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Appendix F: Climate Engagement Plan & Vulnerability Assessment Each element includes assessments of existing conditions containing baseline data for key areas. Individual “elements” of this Comprehensive Plan describe goals and policies that have been developed to provide clear policy direction for land use decision-making in the future. Each element also includes strategies that implement the goals and policies. Note that the Goals and Policies in Element 9 (Climate) overlay significantly with other elements. We advise reviewing each element in conjunction with the Climate Element. Title 18 JCC, the Unified Development Code (UDC) provides detailed development regulations for implementation of these goals and policies. Related Plans The following related plans address shorelines, subarea, and parks important to meeting the GMA requirements for required or optional elements, and are hereby incorporated by reference as amended: ▶ Shoreline Master Program Goals and Policies (2014, adopted periodic update anticipated in 2026) ▶ Brinnon Subarea Plan (2004) ▶ Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan (2022) Community Plans Prior to the development of its initial Comprehensive Plan, Jefferson County invited communities to help prepare area-specific plans. The general content and direction of these community plans provided information for development of the 1998 Comprehensive Plan. The community plans were incorporated into the goals and policies of the 1998 Comprehensive Plan. The community plans have no further standing as individual community plans. Following are the plans completed through that process: ▶ Brinnon Community Development Plan (original 1982) PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Coyle Community Development Plan (1977) ▶ Gardiner Community Development Plan (1989) ▶ Marrowstone Community Development Plan (1978) ▶ Tri-Area Community Development Plan (1982) Both the Planning Commission and the Department of Community Development staff reviewed these Community Plans. The results of the Community Planning Process and the Community Plans have been integral to the identification of goals and policies included in this Comprehensive Plan. Additional information can be found in the Land Use Element—Community Planning Efforts. Wayfinding: Western Jefferson County Existing conditions, goals, and policies related to western Jefferson County are denoted with a “W” icon and corresponding text in the sidebar throughout this plan, as shown at right. While all elements pertain to western Jefferson County, the Land Use, Natural Resources, Open Space, Parks, and Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation, Environment, and Economic Development elements include information specific to the area. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION & MONITORING The Decision-Making Process Planning decisions must be consistent with the intent of this Comprehensive Plan. This Comprehensive Plan is a legal, binding document and cannot be disregarded; it is also a document designed to adapt to changing trends and circumstances. This Comprehensive Plan serves as the basis for land use decisions. Over time, this Comprehensive Plan’s policies may change to ensure that the development pattern occurring in the county remains consistent with both the intent of the Vision Statement, and this Comprehensive Plan’s goals and objectives. Related to western Jefferson County PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Limitations in Jefferson County Finance Structure to Implement Plan To carry out county duties and other duties required by the state, the Washington State Constitution enables a county to collect taxes for municipal purposes. Levying taxes on assessed properties provides these funds. State law limits the property tax levy on the regular rate and annual increases. Although there are various sources of state funds that come to local jurisdictions and, at times, grant funding is available, Jefferson County is limited in its ability to provide funds and financing to implement policies in this Comprehensive Plan. This forces the county to make hard decisions when developing budgets. The county must prioritize what can be done or must delay project phases when there are inadequate funds. The county’s budget must fund many items to provide local governance. This includes services like health and emergency services, water quality protection, sheriff, the court system, correctional facilities, assessor, parks and recreation, and auditor functions including elections. These and many other basic services need funding to allow the county to function. This Comprehensive Plan recognizes these funding limitations and the need to balance aspirational policies with the need to identify where funds will come from. Alternative methods of accomplishing goals and policies are important in light of revenue collection challenges. Levies outside of this regular limit are “excess” or “special” levies that may be elected to fund specific community needs like school and fire districts, or funds for housing programs. Volunteerism Tremendous actions have been accomplished by an active and energized community. There are countless examples of creative and motivated community members filling the gaps between identified needs which may be outside of the county’s purview or needs that suffer from chronically unfunded or underfunded programs. Our county can harness a collective spirit and collective responsibility to overcome funding hurdles. Jefferson County supports and embraces community involvement and volunteerism as a community development strategy. PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Amending this Comprehensive Plan This Comprehensive Plan addresses long-range and county-wide issues that are beyond the scope of decisions on subarea, local or functional plans or individual development proposals. This Comprehensive Plan serves as a vital guide to the future and provides a framework for managing change. It is important that amendments to this Comprehensive Plan retain the broad perspectives articulated in the community vision statements, satisfy the goals, policies, and strategies of this Comprehensive Plan, and remain consistent with the intent of the GMA. There are typically two means of addressing Comprehensive Plan Amendments: through an annual docket review or periodic review per RCW 36.70A.130. Amendments are to be justified through findings from monitoring of “growth management indicators” (see following section). Amendments to this Comprehensive Plan must also conform to the following: a. The requirements of the GMA, the State Planning Enabling Act and the GMA implementing rules WAC 365-196. b. Any proposed amendments to this Comprehensive Plan must be submitted by the county to the Washington State Department of Commerce at least 60 days prior to final adoption by the Board (RCW 36.70A.106). c. Planners should refer to: Sources of law at all levels of government, including federal and state constitutions, federal and state statutes, federal and state administrative regulations, and judicial interpretations for proposed comprehensive plan amendments (WAC 365-196-720-745); this Comprehensive Plan’s Vision Statement, Framework Goals, and Community Vision Statements; the CPPs, related plans, and the comprehensive plans of other counties or cities with which the county has, in part, common borders or regulated regional issues (WAC 365-196-010 and 365 196-510). d. Proposed amendments to this Comprehensive Plan will be considered on an annual basis (no more frequently than once per year), except when the following circumstances apply: (i) the initial adoption of a subarea plan that does not modify this Comprehensive Plan policies and designations applicable to the subarea, and (ii) the adoption or amendment of a shoreline master program pursuant to RCW 90.58. Other exceptions to the annual process are stated in RCW 36.70A.130(2)(a). All proposals will be considered concurrently so the cumulative effect of the various proposals can be ascertained (WAC 365-195-620[3]). The county may consider adopting amendments more frequently than once per year if a declared emergency exists. PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 e. Consistent with the timelines contained in the GMA (RCW 36.70A), the county must review all UGA boundaries, as well as the densities permitted within both the incorporated and unincorporated portions of each UGA. If necessary, the UGA boundaries will be revised to accommodate the urban growth projected to occur in the county for the succeeding 20-year period. f. Amendments or changes to natural resource lands and critical area designations should be based on consistency with one or more of the following criteria: — Change in circumstances pertaining to this Comprehensive Plan or public policy. — A change in circumstances beyond the control of the landowner pertaining to the subject property. — An error in designation. — New information on natural resource land or critical area status (WAC 365-190-485). Details of the amendment process are contained in Jefferson County Code Chapter 18.45. Comprehensive Plan Amendment Appeals Growth Management Hearings Board Review A petition for review to challenge an amendment to this Comprehensive Plan or to plans, development regulations, or amendments, adopted under the GMA that are within the jurisdiction of the Growth Management Hearings Board must be filed with sixty days of publication of the amendment per RCW 36.70A.280 and 290.. Judicial Review Any judicial action to review any decision concerning the amendment of this Comprehensive Plan, including related plans, shall be commenced in superior court within sixty days from the date of the final decision of the Growth Management Hearings Board per RCW 36.70A.300(5). Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.295, direct review of an amendment to a Comprehensive Plan by the superior court is possible if all the parties to the proceedings before the Growth Management Hearings Board agree to direct review by the superior court. PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Monitoring The monitoring of growth management indicators such as those listed below improves the effectiveness of public policy and allows progress in achieving the goals and objectives behind that policy to be measured: ▶ Population growth, actual vs. projected, ▶ Land capacity, actual vs. projected, ▶ Economic indicators, property values/comparative sales compared to statewide averages and local trends, ▶ Public health and safety, ▶ Natural resource consumption, ▶ Changes in technology, ▶ Needs, ▶ Omissions or errors, or ▶ A declared emergency. Use of growth management indicators assures accountability to the public. It demonstrates how effectively the county is moving toward identified goals. Ongoing monitoring allows public resources to be prioritized to meet goals and, if the desired outcome is not achieved, to consider modifying the goals or development regulations. Growth management indicators work well with the public participation process of the planning cycle. Using growth management indicators, community members and decision-makers can review growth management policy and make changes that reflect present day realities. These indicators are considered during the regular periodic review of this Comprehensive Plan or may be considered during annual review dockets where appropriate. GMA requires most cities and counties to complete an implementation progress report five years after the Comprehensive Plan Periodic Update that details the community’s progress in implementing their adopted goals. Jefferson County is exempt from this requirement as it does not meet the population density requirements listed in RCW 36.70A.130(9)(a). However, the County will continue to monitor progress in implementing the Plan as discussed at left. Plan Implementation PLAN FOUNDATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 51 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 1 Land Use 1.1 FRAMEWORK The Land Use Element establishes the future goals and policies addressing rural lands and rural character, rural villages and communities, and urban growth areas (UGAs). A fundamental focus of the periodic update has been a refreshed set of land use goals and policies that meets community needs to strengthen the economy, provide housing choices, welcome tourists, create opportunities for active living, steward the natural environment, offer public services and infrastructure to support growth, and maintain an exceptional quality of life. The Land Use Element is arranged in four components: ▶ Framework: The Framework section presents countywide land use plan concepts, population trends and forecasts, current land use inventories, current surface water conditions, public health, comprehensive land use map categories, and general land use and surface water policies that apply countywide. ▶ Rural: Consistent with Rural Element requirements under the GMA, the Rural section addresses rural character, rural residential densities, and areas that qualify as exceptions to rural Casey Scalf via the Jefferson Landworks Collaborative This element supports the Vision Statement by preserving the rural character of land and lifestyle in Jefferson County. Priorities in this element protect open spaces, forests, and farmland for long-term management and conservation, while also embracing ideas that foster opportunities for increased synergy between natural and built environments. Additional concepts support integrating diversified economic activity and innovations in housing and industry that benefit overall ecosystem vitality and offer opportunities for all residents to thrive. Connection to the Vision Statement LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 52 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 densities (limited areas of more intensive rural development (LAMIRDs) and Master Planned Resorts (MPRs)). ▶ Resource: This section summarizes this Comprehensive Plan’s approach to conservation of natural resource lands of long-term commercial significance; these lands are more fully addressed in the Natural Resource Element. Additionally, this section addresses conservation of forested lands in rural areas not zoned for resource production. ▶ Urban: The Urban section of the Land Use Element addresses UGAs, including the county portion of the City of Port Townsend UGA and the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Additionally, this section addresses current and planned residential and commercial uses and urban services necessary to support the UGA. Land Use Typologies Under the GMA, lands are generally characterized as rural, resource, or urban. Accordingly, this Land Use Element defines and regulates these categories as follows: ▶ Rural Areas: This term refers to lands which are not within an UGA and are not designated as natural resource lands having long-term commercial significance for production of agricultural products, timber, or the extraction of minerals. Rural areas may consist of a variety of uses and residential densities at levels that are consistent with the preservation of rural character. Rural areas can include LAMIRDs, which provide opportunities for rural economic development and housing, and MPRs. ▶ Natural Resource Lands: This term refers to agriculture, aquaculture, forest, and mineral resource lands which have long- term commercial significance. A detailed discussion of Natural Resource Lands can be found in the Natural Resources Element, and goals and policies related to aquaculture are contained in the Jefferson County Shoreline Master Program, chapter 18.25 JCC. ▶ Urban Growth Areas: This term refers to areas designated for growth that make intensive use of land for the location of buildings, structures, and impermeable surfaces to such a degree as to be incompatible with the primary use of such land to produce food, other agricultural products, fiber, or the extraction of mineral resources. The three major land use categories are reflected on the following map. Exhibit 1-1 General Land Use Categories (2025) Rural (Chimacum), Windermere Resource, Carolyn Gallaway Urban, Carolyn Gallaway LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 53 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 54 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Growth Projections The Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM) publishes population projections for each county for use in the GMA planning efforts every five years. The county is responsible under the GMA for allocating population in consultation with the City of Port Townsend. In 2024, Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend developed a population projection and urban population allocation for the City of Port Townsend and Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA based on OFM’s 2022 Medium projections. The county passed Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R on November 18, 2024 adopting the updated population forecast (see Appendix B). Existing and future population projections for the City of Port Townsend, the county portion of the Port Townsend UGA with the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA (County Urban Areas), and specific rural areas are summarized in Exhibit 1-2. Exhibit 1-2 Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend 20-year Population Projection and Distribution (2025–2045) Location (Unincorporated unless noted) 2024 Population 2025 Est. Population Growth Allocation 2025-2045 Projected Growth4 2045 Projected Population 2025-45 Projected Growth Rate5 Urban Subtotal 13,483 13,831 80% 4,720 18,551 1.48% City of Port Townsend (incorporated)1 10,530 10,807 40% 2,360 13,167 0.99% County Urban Areas (unincorporated)1 2,953 3,024 40% 2,360 5,384 2.93% Rural & Resource Areas1 20,217 20,755 20% 1,180 21,935 0.28% Port Ludlow MPR2 2,979 2,979 N/A 660 3,639 1.01% Pleasant Harbor MPR2 — — N/A 182 182 N/A Brinnon RVC2 774 774 N/A 43 817 0.27% Quilcene RVC2 490 490 N/A 43 533 0.42% Other Rural & Resource Areas3 15,974 16,512 N/A 252 16,764 0.08% Countywide Total1 33,700 34,586 100% 5,900 40,486 0.79% Legend: MPR = Master Planned Resort; RVC = Rural Village Center. Notes: 1 Countywide population in 2024 and for Port Townsend, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, and the rural areas overall is based on OFM’s 2024 UGA Small Area Estimates. The 2025 population for these same areas is then estimated based on the 2024 relative percentages and 2025 countywide total from the adopted CPPs. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 55 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 2 The 2023 ACS 5-year population estimates for the Port Ludlow, Brinnon, and Quilcene Census Designated Places (CDPs) are used as existing population estimates for the Port Ludlow MPR, Brinnon RVC, and Quilcene RVC. The CDPs are slightly larger than the actual MPR or RVC boundaries but are used here for estimation purposes. No existing population is assumed in the Pleasant Harbor MPR as no permanent residences are currently developed. 3 Total population in the other rural areas was calculated by subtracting the individual rural area estimates from the total rural population estimate. 4 See Exhibit 85 in Appendix E for more information about estimated population growth by rural subarea. 5 Calculated as a compound annual growth rate. Sources: ACS 5-year Estimates, 2019-2023 (Table S0101); Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R, 2024; OFM UGA Small Area Estimates, 2024; Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. Similar to the county’s and the City of Port Townsend’s prior methodologies, 80% of the projected countywide growth would be planned for and accommodated within the urban growth area, including 40% of growth allocated to the City of Port Townsend and 40% to the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. This would increase the estimated observed population share in the City of Port Townsend from 31% in 2025 to an effective share of 33% in 2045. The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA would increase its population share from an estimated 9% in 2025 to 13% in 2045 with implementation of urban wastewater services and planned urban densities. MPR shares of growth are based on development agreements and expected growth trends—the share of growth in the MPRs would increase slightly by 2045 from 8.6% to 9% in the Port Ludlow MPR and from 0% to 0.4% in the Pleasant Harbor MPR. The share of growth in the Brinnon and Quilcene Rural Village Centers (RVCs) would remain relatively stable between 2025 and 2045 at 2% and 1% respectively. Exhibit 1-3 Population Shares (2025 and 2045) LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 56 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: ACS 5-year Estimates, 2019-2023 (Table S0101); Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R, 2024; OFM UGA Small Area Estimates, 2024; Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. Overall, with adopted plans, agreements, and expected growth trends, the urban, MPR, and RVC share of population would increase from 52% in 2025 to 59% in 2045 and the share in other rural areas would decrease from 48% in 2025 to 41% in 2045. This is consistent with the goals of this Comprehensive Plan to protect rural character and offer more housing and employment choices in UGAs, in MPR areas where urban services are available, and in existing rural residential communities classified as LAMIRDs. In 2021, the Washington State Legislature passed House Bill 1220 (HB 1220), which amends the GMA to require the housing element of comprehensive plans to include explicit consideration of capacity to meet housing needs for extremely-low to moderately low-income households, permanent supportive housing (PSH), emergency housing and shelters, and duplexes, triplexes, and townhomes.1 The county’s housing growth targets overall, by income band, and for emergency housing beds as well as estimated capacity are discussed in the Housing Element and Appendix E. Specific housing targets are set for the City of Port Townsend, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, the Port Ludlow and Pleasant Harbor MPRs, Brinnon, Quilcene, and all other 1 Commerce, HB 1220 Guidance for Evaluating Land Capacity to Meet All Housing Needs. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 57 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 rural areas. The greatest need for new units countywide is at the lowest end of the affordability spectrum (less than or equal to 80% AMI). About 1,862 units countywide are needed for households with 30% AMI or less, including 1,614 units of permanent supportive housing that include wrap-around services for people who need support to maintain residency. As a predominantly rural county, Jefferson County has many small, existing rural communities characterized by more intense, yet not fully urban, levels of development. These include rural villages and commercial crossroads of Quilcene, Brinnon, Gardiner, Chimacum, Nordland, and Discovery Bay, as well as a number of smaller rural commercial areas. These Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Developments (LAMIRDs) serve the housing and day-to-day commercial needs of local residents and the travelling public, and provide opportunities for rural economic development. Rural population is allocated to unincorporated Rural and Resource Areas and to Master Planned Resorts. It is expected that additional rural housing would occur in and around the existing rural communities and, in a more dispersed pattern, in rural residential and resource zones. It is anticipated that the rural housing allocation would consist primarily of low density detached units which likely would serve households greater than moderate income. Some rural areas include housing growth targets at lower income levels consistent with the MPR development agreements and community priorities. An overview of Jefferson County’s rural community classification system and detailed descriptions of each village or center are provided in Section 1.2 of this Land Use Element. Employment shares within planning areas show another distribution factor of population when considering planning policies. For comprehensive plan periodic reviews, the Growth Management Steering Committee (GMSC), through joint resolutions between the county and the City of Port Townsend, allocate the 20-year projected population, but not employment. Current employment covered by unemployment insurance is about 8,968 jobs as of 2023.2 This does not include sole proprietors, clergy, chief executives, etc. Covered employment generally represents 85-90% of total employment in communities.3 If adding 15% to the total covered employment in 2023, there would be about 10,300 jobs. Based on existing jobs to housing ratios and estimated housing growth, total 2 ESD Covered Employment Estimates, 2023. 3 ESD and PSRC Covered Employment Estimates by Jurisdiction, 2017. Refer to Exhibit 7-9 in the Economic Development Element. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 58 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 employment is estimated to rise to about 14,000 jobs by 2045. This includes a slight increase in the estimated share of jobs within unincorporated Jefferson County (from 51% in 2023 to 54% in 2045), particularly within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA (from 15% in 2023 to 24% in 2045). See Exhibit 1-4. Exhibit 1-4 Estimated Employment Share by Planning Area (2023 and 2045) Location 2023 Employment Share 2045 Employment Share City of Port Townsend (Incorporated) 49% 46% Unincorporated Areas of Jefferson County 51% 54% Unincorporated UGA (Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and county portion of Port Townsend UGA) 15% 24% Unincorporated Rural 36% 30% Port Ludlow MPR 3% 3% Pleasant Harbor MPR 0% 1% Brinnon RVC 1% 1% Quilcene RVC 3% 2% Other Rural Areas 29% 23% Total 10,313 14,002 Note: See Exhibit 7-9 in the Economic Development Element for more detail about estimated job growth by subarea. Sources: LEHD, Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, 2022; ESD Covered Employment Estimates, 2023; ESD and PSRC, 2017; Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 59 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use, Environmental Justice, & Surface Water Analysis Current Land Use Based on parcel records maintained by the Jefferson County Assessor, about 65% of the current land use in the county consists of parks and open space due to the Olympic National Park. About 31% consists of forestry. Relatively small areas are residential, agriculture, public/civic and industrial. See Exhibit 1-5 and Exhibit 1-6. Refer to the Natural Resources Element for detailed information regarding forestry, mineral resources, and agriculture lands. Of the total acreage zoned forest lands by Jefferson County (CF-80, RF-40, IF), approximately 40% is privately held forest land and approximately 60% is in public ownership. Of the public ownership category, approximately 93% is owned by Washington Department of Natural Resources. A majority of the forest lands in East Jefferson County are privately owned (about 69%), while a majority of the forest lands in West Jefferson County are publicly owned (about 71%). Forest Lands LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 60 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 1-5 Current Land Use Map (2025) Assessor Information LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 61 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Assessor, 2025; BERK, 2025. Exhibit 1-6 Current Land Use (2025) Assessor Information LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 62 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Current Use Category Parcel Count Parcel Acres Percentage Agriculture 385 6,371 0.6% Commercial 579 1,279 0.1% Forestry 1,987 355,677 30.9% Industrial 74 350 0.03% Parks and Open Space 10,060 747,526 64.8% Military1 3 2,573 0.2% Public/Civic 350 8,127 0.7% Residential 19,186 31,021 2.7% Total 32,624 1,152,924 100% 1 Military lands are located on Indian Island and on the Thorndyke/Toandos Peninsula fronting Hood Canal. Source: Jefferson County Assessor, 2025; BERK, 2025. Land Use & Environmental Justice The county is required by the GMA to give special consideration to achieving environmental justice in goals and policies of the Land Use Element, including efforts to avoid creating or worsening environmental health disparities, and to consider utilizing urban planning approaches that promote physical activity.4 Environmental justice is concerned with the right of all people to enjoy a safe, clean, and healthy environment, and with fairness across racial, social, and economic groups in the siting and operation of infrastructure, facilities, or other large land uses. Placing additional growth near high-volume roadways could expose future residents or workers to diminished air quality and heightened noise affecting quality of life and land use compatibility. It is particularly important to understand the health- related impacts of various land use patterns on spaces used by vulnerable populations, such as schools, childcare centers, elder care facilities, and medical centers.5 Some indicators of health risk in Jefferson County include:6 ▶ The percentage of students not meeting recommendations for physical activity (at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily and muscle strengthening exercises 3 days a week) ranged from 65% for 4 RCW 36.70.A(1). 5 UW Mov-Up Report, 2019. 6 See also the Land Capacity & Housing Technical Appendix (Appendix B) for more information on population and household characteristics. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 63 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 6th graders up to 76% for 12th graders as of 2023, slightly lower than but similar to levels for the state overall.7 ▶ As of 2018, a higher percentage of students in Jefferson County report currently using alcohol or marijuana than the state overall. A higher percentage of students reported currently using alcohol in the City of Port Townsend than in Quilcene, and there was an even higher percentage in Chimacum. A higher percentage of Chimacum students in grades 6-12 also report currently using marijuana than in the City of Port Townsend or Quilcene.8 ▶ As of 2021, 16% of adults 18 years or older in Jefferson County reported participating in no physical activity outside of work and 31% of adults were obese, similar to 18% and 29% for the state as a whole, respectively.9 ▶ Rates of cancer (15%), heart disease (9%), and diabetes (12%) were higher for adults in Jefferson County as of 2022 than the state as a whole (8%, 6%, and 10%, respectively).10 ▶ Jefferson County has the oldest median age of county populations in the state as of 2022 (60.7 years) and nearly two-thirds of the population is age 50 or older in the unincorporated areas. The proportion of Jefferson County’s population over the age of 65 is more than double the state average, which results in an increased incidence of chronic disease and creates increased demand for ongoing health services. For example, approximately 84% of Jefferson County residents 65+ years are living with a chronic disease. The percentage of the population over age 65 is highest in parts of the Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort and along most of the county’s eastern shorelines.11 ▶ Areas with the lowest median household income are in the southeast corner of the county (including Wawa Point and Brinnon) and surrounding most of Discovery Bay.12 ▶ Approximately 19% of unincorporated Jefferson County residents live with one or more disabilities.13 7 Washington State Healthy Youth Survey: Jefferson County, 2023. 8 Jefferson County Community Health Assessment Quantitative Report, 2019. 9 County Health Rankings, 2024. 10 CDC Places, 2024. 11 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022; OFM Median Age, 2022. 12 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022. 13 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 64 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use, Air Quality, & Health Disparities Roadway users and adjacent neighborhoods experience air pollution from vehicle exhaust and brake/tire/road wear. Pollutant particle size, topography, and wind patterns affect the geographic extent of concern, with the greatest impacts immediately adjacent to and downwind of major freeways. Roadway traffic, especially larger vehicles (i.e., trucks and buses) also produce noise, and urban heat is generally of greatest concern where there are dense concentrations of pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. Over time, shifts to electric vehicles may alleviate some, though not all, air pollution and noise impacts. Air quality is affected by pollutants from both natural and manmade sources. Vehicles and equipment that burn fossil fuels are typically among the largest contributors to transportation-related emissions and can contribute to regional and localized concentrations of state and federally regulated pollutants. Other major contributors in the county include wildfire smoke and residential burning (primarily from woodstoves used for home heating). Air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are areawide issues that are often discussed at a regional or even state level but there can be distinct differences between urbanized, populated areas and rural and undeveloped areas. The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) produces an Environmental Health Disparities Map to evaluate environmental health risk factors in communities across Washington at the Census tract level. The Environmental Health Disparities Map provides an index of environmental exposures (e.g., diesel emissions and proximity to traffic and hazardous waste sites) and socioeconomic and health factors (e.g., poverty and cardiovascular disease). Health disparities throughout Jefferson County at the Census tract level are low compared to other more urban counties in the state, consistent with lower levels of population, traffic, and other activities in many rural areas. Health disparities are slightly higher in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and on Marrowstone Island than other parts of unincorporated Jefferson County.14 However, Census tracts in the county are relatively large and there is likely variability within each tract. A higher health disparity ranking represents a higher “risk” or potential for harm from a combination of environmental and vulnerability factors. Prevailing socioeconomic characteristics and health factors— such as rates of poverty, chronic disease (like asthma) or low birthweight, race/ethnicity, or transportation expenses—can lead to 14 Washington Health Disparities Map, Version 2.0, July 2022. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 65 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 worse health outcomes in some parts of the county than others despite relatively low environmental exposures throughout the county. Environmental exposures include the levels of certain pollutants that populations come into contact with, including airborne pollutants (e.g., diesel emissions, O3, and PM2.5) and proximity to traffic density or hazardous waste sites. Engagement with environmental exposure occurs when pollution sources get into the environment and affect individuals or populations. Direct contact or prolonged contact with environmental exposures may lead to poor health outcomes. Greater concentrations of sensitive or vulnerable populations—including older adults, households living in poverty, disabled individuals, those without health insurance, households without access to a vehicle or other transportation options, and those experiencing homelessness—are also at increased risk. Land Use & Noise Noise levels in unincorporated Jefferson County are generally low but highest along highways and major arterials (US 101, SR 19, SR 20, SR 104, and SR 106) per the U.S. Department of Transportation Noise Map. Most other areas in the county are below the 45 dBA threshold measured by the Noise Map.15 Health impacts from noise include hypertension, heart disease, and likely poor school performance among children. Additionally, noise can affect quality of life and cause vibrations that impact hospitals and health care facilities. Direct effects of noise that indirectly affect health include:16 ▶ Speech interference ▶ Sleep disturbance ▶ Task interference ▶ Impairment of classroom learning ▶ Non-auditory health effects ▶ Aversive effects on emotion and tranquility 15 dBA = A-weighted decibel, a unit of sound measurement corrected for how humans hear sounds; USDOT National Transportation Noise Map, 2020. See also Chapter 5 the National Transportation Noise Map Documentation for additional details about road noise modeling inputs and assumptions. 16 PHSKC, Community Health and Airport Operations Related Noise and Air Pollution: Report to the Legislature, 2020; PSRC Airport Compatible Land Use Plan, 2011, p 29; DOH, July 2023; Wyle, 2011, p 4. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 66 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use & Urban Heat Extreme heat is among the most pervasive weather-related hazards in the United States, and the State of Washington’s summers are becoming increasingly hotter and longer. Even with significant reductions in state, nation, and worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, Jefferson County is expected to see increasingly warm year-round temperatures, including higher maximum summer temperatures and more frequent and severe heat waves. Median summer land surface temperatures are currently highest in the UGA where there is more impervious surface coverage and in inland areas, particularly in eastern Jefferson County (Exhibit 1-7). "Urban heat islands" occur when communities replace natural land cover with dense concentrations of pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. Structures such as buildings, roads, and other infrastructure absorb and re-emit the sun’s heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. Urban areas, where these structures are highly concentrated and greenery is limited, become “islands” of higher temperatures relative to outlying areas. Daytime temperatures in urban areas are about 1–7°F higher than temperatures in outlying areas and nighttime temperatures are about 2-5°F higher. This effect increases energy costs (e.g., for air conditioning), air pollution levels, and heat- related illness and mortality and can further exacerbate heat exposure from climate change and the impacts of naturally occurring heat waves. Heat islands are also riskier for sensitive populations, including older adults, young children, populations with low-income, outdoor workers, and people in poor health. High pavement and rooftop surface temperatures can also heat up stormwater runoff, which drains into storm sewers and raises water temperatures as it is released into streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.17 In addition to urban areas, regions of the county with higher proportions of vulnerable populations are especially at risk to high heat due to access to cooling and having pre- existing health conditions. Farmland is also vulnerable to drought and heatwaves as are farm and outdoor workers. Exhibit 1-7 Median Summer Land Surface Temperature (2019–2023) 17 EPA Reduce Urban Heats, 2023; EPA Heat Island Effect, 2023; EPA Heat Island Impacts, 2023 LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 67 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 68 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use & Public Health In 2012, Jefferson County commissioned an evaluation of the county’s Comprehensive Plan regarding active living and healthy food access under the Washington State Department of Health’s Healthy Communities grant program.18 The 2012 evaluation cited the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations that identified that healthy community design can improve people’s health by increasing physical activity, increasing access to healthy food, improve air and water quality, decrease mental health stress, reduce the effects of climate change, strengthen social ties, provide access to livelihood, education, and resources. The analysis also made several recommendations to integrate active living and healthy food access into policies (see text box). The 2012 evaluation led to the 2013 Jefferson County Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP), a partnership between Jefferson Healthcare and Jefferson County Public Health, to identify health needs in the county. Additional partners such as Discovery Behavioral Healthcare, Jefferson County, and the City of Port Townsend, joined the initiative and developed the 2016 CHIP and companion Strategic Results Framework strategic plan document. Jefferson Healthcare and Jefferson County Public Health 18 Alta Planning + Design, ChangeLab Solutions, September 2017. Active Living Accessibility: ▶Mixed Use zoning ▶Connectivity ▶Multimodal options/ standards ▶Active Recreation Facility design: ▶Safety ▶Complete Streets Active Living & Healthy Food Access Recommendations Healthy Food Access Linking residents to local food: ▶Rural and regional agriculture ▶Urban agriculture: community and school gardens ▶Local processing and value-added production ▶Farmers’ markets and farm stands Improving access to healthy food and limiting unhealthy food: ▶Grocery stores and healthy food retailers ▶Fast food and convenience stores ▶Nutrition education and support for healthy eating The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) is addressed in the following Elements: Land Use Land Use & Public Health Natural Resources, Agriculture Open Space, Parks & Rec. Challenges & Opportunities Environment Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques Transportation Active Living Community Health Improvement Plan LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 69 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 (JCPH) conducted an updated Community Health Assessment (CHA) in 2019 to inform development of the next Jefferson County CHIP, which is currently ongoing. Key findings of the 2019 CHA by topic area are summarized in Exhibit 1-8. Exhibit 1-8 Key Findings from the 2019 Community Health Assessment Source: Jefferson County Community Health Assessment Report: Summary Findings, 2019. As part of the ongoing CHA and CHIP work, JCPH recently assessed environmental and climate health threats and adaptation opportunities in east Jefferson County to understand how the health department can best support community resilience and adaptation to current and future health risks related to environmental threats. Key threats identified in the Environmental and Climate Health Threats and Adaptation report, released in January 2025, include poor air quality and wildfires, extreme health and cold, disrupted food systems, less snowpack, heavy rain and river flooding, rising sea levels and coastal flooding, and degraded water quality. See Exhibit 1-9. Exhibit 1-9 Key Environmental Threats and Opportunities in East Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 70 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Public Health, Environmental and Climate Health Threats and Adaptation Report, 2025. The Land Use Element supports active living recommendations and addresses key findings from the 2019 CHA and 2025 Environmental and Climate Health Threats and Adaptation report by including mixed use zoning in urban areas, master planned resorts, and rural centers and by directing growth to urban areas where there is access to transit or other modes of non-motor vehicle transportation opportunities. Promoting parks and other destinations connected by regional trails also supports active living and is supported by this Land Use Element. Exhibit 1-10 shows existing and proposed trail connections in the vicinity of Chimacum Crossroads and the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. It illustrates connectivity between rural and urban communities, and linking destinations such as schools, parks, and other amenities. Non-motorized transportation connections and supporting non- motorized and park system plans are discussed in greater detail in the Transportation Element. Exhibit 1-10 Recreation Trail Connections to Schools and Parks of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and Chimacum (2025) LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 71 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County GIS, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 72 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Equitable access to affordable healthy food—a key concern identified in the 2019 CHA—is well-supported by the land use strategy in this plan. A healthy food system supports the livelihoods of local farmers and ranchers and the economic viability of farmland and other working landscapes, both of which are necessary to protect open spaces from sprawl. Local food systems can also reduce the environmental impacts associated with shipping agricultural products long distances and can help create a more resilient community by increasing the local food supply during emergencies. Local food supports healthy eating, food literacy, and a healthy local economy. This Land Use Element supports commercial agriculture and allows agriculture in rural areas including farm-related accessory uses such as food processing and farm stands. Land Use and Economic Development Element policies support local food processing in industrial areas. The Land Use Element also supports urban agriculture (with additional emphasis on prioritizing sites in low- income and underserved neighborhoods), farmer’s markets, and school gardens in urban and rural centers. The 2019 CHA also identified equitable access to other community amenities—including health clinics and behavioral health service options, senior centers, childcare facilities, and affordable and accessible activities for families with young children—as well as affordable housing throughout the county as key concerns in the county (Exhibit 1-8). These are addressed in numerous goals and policies in this Comprehensive Plan (see Policy LU-P-32.14 for example). Considering health while planning our communities is a critical step toward a framework for future growth and design that maximizes a community’s ability to lead active, healthy lifestyles. Review of Surface Water Conditions & Existing Polluted Discharges The GMA requires that the land use element of each comprehensive plan include a review of drainage, flooding and stormwater runoff in the area and nearby jurisdictions.19 The GMA recognizes that drainage, flooding, and stormwater runoff issues are watershed basin concerns not confined by political or planning boundaries. The county has adopted the current Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington as a technical guide and set of standards for stormwater management. A comprehensive stormwater program includes: 19 RCW 36.70A.070(1). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 73 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Adoption of a comprehensive surface/stormwater management plan. ▶ Implementation of an operation and maintenance ordinance for stormwater facilities. ▶ Implementation of additional public education efforts regarding nonpoint source pollution and stormwater management. ▶ Completion of a more thorough inventory of county-owned and operated facilities (i.e., cross-culverts and approach culverts). ▶ Implementation of a clearing and grading ordinance to provide a permit trigger for compliance with stormwater standards at the time of lot clearing. In addition to the goals and policies of the Land Use Element, the Environment Element addresses surface water and stormwater. Land Use Strategy This Land Use Element is designed according to the GMA goals, as balanced by Jefferson County’s Vision, Framework Goals, and this Element by: ▶ Directing growth to urban areas including the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. ▶ Offering a variety of residential housing types at low, medium, and high densities in designated urban and rural village centers and crossroads. ▶ Ensuring Master Planned Resorts follow their adopted development regulations and development agreements. ▶ Conserving resource lands—agriculture, forestry, and mineral—of long-term commercial significance. ▶ Accommodating projected rural residential population and employment growth through flexible and innovative approaches to growth in LAMIRDs and other rural communities, including fostering their role as rural employment centers, and offering opportunities to create a vibrant economy while sustaining rural character in a rural county. ▶ Working cooperatively with other groups and individuals to develop long-term future opportunities to improve rural economic development and visitor facilities along established highway/tourist corridors. Refer to Overlay Districts, Policy LU-P-1.10, and the Action Plan in Section 1.5 LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 74 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use & Zoning Designations Based on the Vision, land characteristics, and provisions of the GMA, Jefferson County proposed limited redesignations from medium to high density residential in the UGA on the Land Use Map in this periodic update. See Exhibit 1-11. Other updates related to allowed densities and uses, dimensional standards, and process in the development regulations were proposed concurrent with the periodic updated to support anticipated growth. Countywide (but exclusive of the Olympic National Forest and Park), the predominant future land use designation / zoning district is Commercial Forest (CF-80). Other extensive designations include Rural Residential – 20 and Rural Residential – 5. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 75 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 1-11 Land Use / Zoning Map (2025) Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 76 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Categories of rural land use, including rural commercial and industrial, residential, resort, resource, public and urban land use designations and zoning districts are listed in Exhibit 1-12. Acreage statistics illustrate the great predominance of forest resource land designations at over 76% of zoned land. Rural Residential categories represent about 20% of zoned land. Master Planned Resorts make up about 0.5% of zoned land. The unincorporated areas with UGA land use designations / zoning is at 0.3%. Exhibit 1-12 Land Use Designations / Zoning Districts and Acreage (2025) General Category Future Land Use Designation / Zoning District Acres Perce nt Rural Rural Residential RR-5, RR-10, RR-20 86,068 20.0% Rural Commercial RVC, GC, NC, CC 266 0.1% Rural Industrial LI/M, LI/C, LI, HI, RI 564 0.1% Resort Master Planned Resorts MPR-PH, MPR-SF-4, MPR-SFT, MPR- MF-10, MPR-RC/CF, MPR-VC, MPR- RA, MPR-OSR 2,351 0.5% Resource Lands Agriculture Resource Lands AP-20, AL-20 7,490 1.7% Forest Resource Lands IF-20, RF-40, CF-80 328,200 76.4% Mineral Resource Lands MRLO/CF-80 161 0.04% Urban Growth Area Urban Growth Area Residential UGA-LDR, UGA-MDR, UGA-HDR 734 0.2% Urban Growth Area Commercial UGA-UC, UGA-VOC 235 0.1% Urban Growth Area Industrial UGA-LI 24 0.01% Urban Growth Area Public UGA-P 101 0.02% Public Public Parks, Preserves, and Recreation PPR 2,814 0.7% Essential Public Facilities EPF-A, EPF-WM 532 0.1% Total 429,540 100% Source: Jefferson County. 2025; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 77 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The GMA indicates the land use elements shall include population densities, building intensities, and estimates of future population growth (RCW 36.70A.070(1)). Allowed residential densities are listed by zone in Exhibit 1-13. In Jefferson County Code, some zones include standards for conditional uses that may have alternative allowed densities requiring additional review; the alternative densities may be allowed when consistent with the zone intent. Exhibit 1-13 Planned Residential Densities Land Use / Zone Acronym Residential Density (DU/AC) Rural Rural Residential RR 1:5 0.20 RR 1:10 0.10 RR 1:20 0.05 Rural Commercial RVC Allowed GC Allowed NC Allowed CC N/A Rural Industrial LI/M N/A LI/C Allowed LI Allowed HI N/A RI N/A Resource AP-20 0.05 AL-20 0.05 CF-80 0.01 RF-40 0.03 IF-20 0.05 CF-80/MRLO N/A Master Planned Resort Land Use / Zone Acronym Residential Density (DU/AC) MPR-PH MPR-GR, MPR—OSR, MPR-MV, Density per Title 17, Division II. Port Ludlow MPR-SF-4 4.00 MPR-SFT 0.40 MPR-MF-10 10.00 MPR-RC/CF Allowed MPR-VC Allowed MPR-OSR N/A MPR-RA N/A Public PPR N/A EPF-WM N/A EPF-A N/A Urban Growth Area UGA-LDR 4.00–8.00 UGA-MDR 8.00–18.00 UGA-HDR 18.00–24.00 UGA-UC 18.00–24.00 (discretionary use) UGA-VOC N/A UGA-LI N/A UGA-P N/A1 LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 78 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Notes: Allowed = some residential uses allowed; density not specified and subject to permit review. N/A Not applicable. 1 Residential development is also encouraged in the UGA-P zone when the land will be owned and/or operated by the Peninsula Housing Authority or other public or governmental agency providing affordable housing. Affordable housing developments in the UGA-P zone would be subject to the same requirements as though it were developed in the UHDR zone (e.g., at densities of 18-24 units per acre). Source: Jefferson County Code, 2025; BERK, 2025. Rural Designations Rural Land Use Designations & Zones Jefferson County uses three rural residential land use densities ranging from five (5) acres to ten (10) acres, to twenty (20) acres in size. Development regulations are included in the development code to encourage residential “clustering” in the rural areas of Jefferson County (see Goal LU-G-18). Subdivision of large parcels for residential purposes in designated commercial forest lands is not permitted. The criteria for designation of rural densities are provided in Exhibit 1-14 below. Exhibit 1-14 summarizes the rural land use and zoning designations, criteria used for such designation, and the principal land uses. Greater detail regarding rural character and LAMIRDs is provided in Section 1.2. Exhibit 1-14 Summary of Rural Land Use and Zoning Designations Land Use/Zoning Designation Criteria for designation Principal Land Use Residential Rural Residential 1 unit/5 acres (RR 1:5) Located in areas of similar development; areas with smaller existing lots of record; along the coastal area; adjacent to Rural Village Center and Rural Crossroad designations; overlay designation for pre-existing platted subdivisions. Single family residential Rural Residential 1 unit/10 acres (RR 1:10) Located in an area with similar development patterns; adjacent to UGAs, transition density between RR 1:5 and RR 1:20; parcels in coastal areas of similar size; includes land affected by critical areas. Single family residential Rural Residential 1 unit/20 acres (RR 1:20) Located in an area with similar development patterns; provides a buffer in areas adjacent to UGAs and designated Resource Production Land or State or National Forest Land; parcels in coastal areas of similar size; includes land affected by critical areas; includes private timberlands; includes agricultural lands. Single family residential LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 79 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use/Zoning Designation Criteria for designation Principal Land Use Commercial Rural Village Centers (RVC) Existing rural commercial uses that provide for many of the basic daily needs of the rural population; typically supplies goods and day-to-day services; provides limited public and social services. Residential uses include single family, duplexes, triplexes, multifamily, ADUs, and assisted living facilities. Rural community- based commercial and residential Convenience Crossroads (CC) Existing rural commercial uses which provide a limited range of basic goods and services (basic foodstuffs, gas, basic hardware, and basic medicinal needs); generally located at the intersection of local arterials or collectors; usually contain a convenience/general store associated with gas pumps; may also serve the traveling public. Rural commercial Neighborhood/Visito r Crossroads (NC) Existing rural commercial uses which provide an expanded range of basic goods and services for the rural population and traveling public (grocery, hardware, bakery, restaurant, tavern, auto repair, small professional offices, public services, medical offices, and hotels/motels). Rural commercial General Crossroads (GC) Existing commercial uses that provide a mixture of local, traveling public, and community uses, and may include limited regional uses due to proximity to population centers in the Tri-Area. Rural commercial Village Commercial Center (MPR-VC) Commercial area identified in the 1993 EIS for Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort. Commercial uses will provide many essential day-to-day goods and services to residents and resort visitors. Rural community- based commercial Industrial Heavy Industrial (HI) Facilitate economic development and regulate development of more intensive heavy industrial and manufacturing activities, including and associated with the Port Townsend Paper Mill. Heavy industrial Paper Mill and ancillary activities Light Industrial (LI) Facilitate economic development and provide for a broad range of light industrial uses and activities compatible with the Glen Cove area and Center Valley. Light industrial Light Industrial/ Manufacturing (LI/M) Provide for rural economic development by regulating light industrial and manufacturing uses in the Quilcene Industrial Area, Eastview Industrial Plat, and JCIA LI/M Overlay III. Light industrial Light Industrial/ Commercial (LI/C) Facilitate economic development and provide for a broader range of light industrial and associated commercial activities in the Glen Cove Industrial Area Light industrial and retail uses associated with an industrial use LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 80 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use/Zoning Designation Criteria for designation Principal Land Use Forest Resource- Based Industrial Zones (RBI) Intended to facilitate the continued operation of existing functional sawmills and related resource- based industrial activities in Gardiner and West Jefferson County. Forest resource- based industrial Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Overlay Districts Jefferson County has established several overlay designations: The following overlay designations allow for additional commercial opportunities in more remote areas of the county in addition to those of the underlying zoning district: ▶ The Remote Rural Overlay designation is applied in two locations in the county: West Jefferson County and the Brinnon Planning Area. In Remote Rural Overlay areas, greater flexibility is provided in home-based business and cottage industry development regulations. In West Jefferson County, additional small-scale tourist uses are allowed. ▶ The Small-scale Recreation and Tourist (SRT) Overlay is allowed in the Wawa Point Area in the Brinnon Planning Area to encourage small-scale recreation and tourist development. Another overlay district establishes a view corridor along Highway 20 and other major routes: ▶ Highway 20 View Corridor: Maintains a forest buffer between the roadway and other development. The Jefferson County International Airport Overlays also address noise, airport safety, and rural scale non-aviation-related industrial uses. See Exhibit 1-15 for a summary of the County’s overlay designations. Exhibit 1-15 Summary of Overlay Land Use and Zoning Designations Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 81 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Remote Rural Overlay District The intent of this designation is to allow for expanded rural-compatible employment opportunities in sparsely populated rural areas that are isolated and remotely located from commercial and urban growth areas. These areas are characterized by high unemployment, distressed traditional resource-based economies, low residential densities, and very limited projected 20- year population growth. In Brinnon and western Jefferson County: home-based businesses and cottage industry uses. Additionally, some recreation and tourist uses in western Jefferson County. Small-scale Recreation and Tourist (SRT) Overlay The intent of this section is to encourage small-scale recreation and tourist development consistent with the needs, scale, and rural character of the Brinnon Planning Area. Recreation and tourist Highway 20 View Corridor (HVC) Along SR 20 and other suitable roadways, preserve and protect the forest corridor, and provide a visual buffer between the roadway and new commercial and manufacturing development. Forest corridor Highway/Commuter Corridor Overlay This overlay may be applied through an area wide evaluation of future rural economic development opportunities in heavily traveled existing highway corridors such as State Highway 104 or State Highway 19. Commercial and Tourist Uses in a rural setting Jefferson County International Airport Overlay I Purpose of the Airport Overlay is to disclose to permit applicants and prospective property owners their proximity to airport operations, and to identify an airport safety zone within which certain uses will be prohibited for public safety and compatibility reasons. The overlay is a fixed boundary reflecting the projected 55 DNL contour mapping in the year 2022, as set forth in Exhibit 6.4 of the adopted Jefferson County Airport Master Plan. Airport noise exposure is measured in a Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL) and is used to analyze and characterize multiple aircraft noise events, and for determining the cumulative exposure of such noise to individuals around airports. Aviation facilities and activities Jefferson County International Airport Overlay II Airport Overlay II is an airport operations awareness area delineated by the WSDOT Aviation Division, Aircraft Accident Safety Zone #6 recommendations contained in the “Airports and Compatible Land Use” publication. The safety zone correlates with the FAA mandated airport traffic pattern for JCIA, and is to apprise the public, property owners and developers of the existence of the airport traffic pattern and impacts from routine aircraft over-flights; and to identify an airport safety zone within which certain uses that involve higher concentration of people will be prohibited for safety and compatibility reasons. Aviation facilities and activities LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 82 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Jefferson County International Airport Overlay III The purpose of the Airport Overlay III is to provide a limited opportunity for rural scale non-aviation- related industrial uses that contribute to the long- term financial viability of the AEPF and to enhance the economic vitality and quality of life for the residents of Jefferson County. Non-aviation-related light industrial/ manufacturing in the Airport Essential Public Facility Source: Jefferson County, 2025. West Jefferson County Rural Residential West Jefferson County includes land use and zoning designations of RR1:10 and RR1:20. The county may conduct a comprehensive analysis of potential locations for RR1:5 designations and zoning where consistent with rural character and goals of affordable housing and economic development. West Jefferson County also contains some private inholding parcels within the Quinault Indian Nation Reservation. The County may consult the Quinault Nation about common concerns regarding planning issues. Resource Land Designations Agricultural Resource lands have a designated twenty (20) acre minimum density. Forest Resource lands have a forty (40) acre and eighty (80) acre minimum parcel size (see the Natural Resources Element). Exhibit 1-16 summarizes resource land designations, intents, and the principal land uses. See Section 1.3 for additional discussion. Exhibit 1-16 Summary of Resource Land Use and Zoning Designations Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Prime Agricultural Lands (AP-20) Protect and preserve areas of prime agricultural soils for the continued production of commercial crops, livestock, or other agricultural products requiring relatively large tracts of agricultural land. It is intended to preserve and protect the land environment, economy and lifestyle of agriculture in Jefferson County. These lands must be protected as “agricultural lands of long- term commercial significance.” Agriculture Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 83 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Agricultural Lands of Local Importance (AL-20) Protect and preserve parcels of land which, while not necessarily consisting of prime agriculture soil or relatively large acreage, are still considered important to the local agricultural economy, lifestyle, and environment. As such they deserve protection as “agricultural lands of long-term commercial significance.” Agriculture Inholding Forest (IF) Encompasses parcels at least 20 acres in size that are entirely surrounded by designated forest resource lands and that are not vested for development under Washington State law. Forestry Rural Forest (RF-40) Ensure forest lands of long-term significance are protected from incompatible uses thereby sustaining the ability of forest resource extraction activities to be maintained as a viable commercial activity, while allowing for diversity in the size of forest tracts. Forestry Commercial Forest (CF-80) Ensure large tracts of forest lands of long-term significance are protected from incompatible uses thereby sustaining the ability of forest resource extraction activities to be maintained as a viable commercial activity. Forestry Mineral Resource Lands Overlay District (MRL) Provides for the conservation of mineral lands of long- term commercial significance. The intent of this district is to aid in sustaining and enhancing mineral extraction and processing activities of long-term commercial significance by protecting designated lands from incompatible development and to allow for the continued contribution of mineral lands to the Jefferson County economy. Mineral Extraction Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Master Planned Resort Designations Master planned resorts (MPRs) are large-scale, self-contained developments that are based on an integrated, conceptual master plan, yet are typically developed in stages depending on market demand or other factors. They are LAMIRDs and may constitute urban densities and intensities of growth outside of UGAs. ▶ Master planned resorts in existence as of July 1, 1990 and developed, in whole or in part, as a significantly self-contained and integrated development that includes short-term visitor accommodations associated with a range of indoor and outdoor recreational facilities within the property boundaries in a setting of significant natural amenities may constitute urban growth outside of urban growth areas as limited by RCW 36.70A.362. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 84 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Master planned resorts not in existence as of July 1, 1990 are allowed if they meet the requirements of RCW 36.70A.360. The Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort was developed consistent with RCW 36.70A.360 per Jefferson County Ordinance 8-99. The Brinnon Subarea Plan (adopted 2002 and amended 2004) identified the Black Point area an appropriate location for a possible future Master Planned Resort. The Brinnon Master Plan Resort land use designation was established in 2008, and a final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement capped the maximum number of development units at 890 with 52 units designated for staff housing and no more than 65% dedicated to time-share and short-term rental units, leaving approximately 293 units for permanent housing. Approval by the Board of development regulations and a development agreement is required prior final establishment of the Master Planned Resort and project construction. In 2018, a Master Plan, development regulations, and a development agreement were approved by Ordinance No. 03-0604-18 and Ordinance 04-0604-18 to establish the interior zoning and provide for a phased development plan for the Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort, formerly called the Brinnon Master Planned Resort. Ordinance No. 08-0722-19 amended the development agreement to modify the phasing plan, consistent with the Kitsap County Superior Court’s March 28, 2019 decision in Brinnon Group v. Jefferson County and Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort, LLP, No. 18-2-01758-18. The Master Plan Resort land use designations are shown in Exhibit 1-17. More discussion of the master planned resorts is found in Section 1.2. Exhibit 1-17 Summary of Master Planned Resort Land Use and Zoning Designations Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort with the following zoning designations: MPR-SF-4 MPR-SFT MPR-MF-10 MPR-RC/CF MPR-VC MPR-OSR MPR-RA The master planned resort of Port Ludlow is characterized by both single-family and multifamily residential units with attendant recreational facilities including a marina, resort and convention center. The master planned resort of Port Ludlow also includes a large residential community. The entire MPR is served by a village commercial center, which accommodates uses limited to serving the MPR and local population. Resort with mix of uses LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 85 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort with the following zoning designations: MPR-GR MPR-OSR MPR-MV Provides a mixture of visitor-oriented transient accommodations, secondary homes, recreational facilities, and supporting commercial facilities Resort with mix of uses Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Urban Growth Area Designations The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA is planned for urban residential, urban commercial, and urban industrial. Both rural and urban zones apply per the Land Use and Zoning map. Rural zones apply until urban wastewater services are available, and then urban zones apply. The PHUGA Sewer System began operation on September 9, 2025. See Exhibit 1-18 and Section 1.4 for additional discussion. The unincorporated portions of the Port Townsend UGA are planned for public purpose facilities, such as emergency shelters, transitional housing, emergency housing, and permanent supportive housing. Urban Growth Area – Public Facilities district applies to the unincorporated portions of the Port Townsend UGA per the Land Use and Zoning map. See Exhibit 1-19 and Section 1.4 for additional discussion. Exhibit 1-18 Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Land Use and Zoning Designations Land Use Designation Description of Zoning Districts & Location Principal Land Use Urban Residential The Urban Low Density Residential (UGA-LDR) zone will allow housing density from four (4) to eight (8) dwelling units per acre. Moderate Density Residential (UGA-MDR) zoning will allow housing at a density of 8–18 units per acre. The High Density Residential (UGA-HDR) zone will allow housing at a density of 18–24 dwelling units per acre. Residential dwellings detached and attached including single family, middle housing, multifamily, and ADUs LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 86 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Land Use Designation Description of Zoning Districts & Location Principal Land Use Urban Commercial The Urban Commercial (UGA-UC) zone covers both the existing and planned future commercial development in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA core area where the PHUGA Sewer System has been available since September 9, 2025, and along Rhody Drive from Ness Corner following the commercial strip along SR 19. The Visitor-Oriented Commercial (UGA-VOC) zone is applied to the tourism-oriented potential development area around the Old Alcohol Plant and marina. Multifamily with 3+ units is allowed as a discretionary use. Commercial retail, services, tourism, and other similar uses with multifamily residential allowed as a discretionary use Urban Industrial The Urban Light Industrial (UGA-LI) zone in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA applies to a largely developed industrial area: all but 5 acres are already in light industrial use. These uses are in the southwest corner of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, well buffered from the bulk of the residential neighborhoods in the community. Light industrial Public Facilities Public facilities (UGA-P) comprise 80 acres, including public park and open space areas, the Library and Chimacum Creek Elementary School, the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office and Jail, the Jefferson County Public Works Department Maintenance Yard, and JPUD’s Sparling Well facility along Rhody Drive and the Kivley Well in Port Hadlock. Public, institutional, and affordable housing Note: The UGA-P designation includes parks and open spaces as well as other public uses. See Exhibit 1-10 for a map of recreation trail connections in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and Chimacum. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Exhibit 1-19 Unincorporated Portions of the Port Townsend UGA Land Use and Zoning Designations Land Use Designation Description of Zoning Districts & Location Principal Land Use Public Facilities Public facilities (UGA-P) comprise 32.72 acres, including open space areas, the Caswell-Brown Village, the Port Townsend Regional Stormwater Facility, and a future electrical substation as proposed by the Public Utility District No. 1 of Jefferson County. Public and institutional Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Public Designations This section addresses public designations of two types: ▶ Public: Lands needed to provide the full range of services to the public provided by government, substantially funded by LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 87 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 government, contracted for by government, or provided by private entities to public service obligations. ▶ Essential Public Facilities: Facilities needed to provide public services and functions that are typically difficult to site. Those public facilities that are usually unwanted by neighborhoods, have unusual site requirements, or other features that complicate the siting process. Jefferson County allows public uses in nearly every implementing zone. The county has created a specific zone for the public use of parks due to their unique facilities and needs with some being linear, outdoor, and indoor spaces. Jefferson County has developed zones for two essential public facilities regarding waste management and airports. Each designation and zone are described in Exhibit 1-20. More detailed policies regarding these uses are included in the Capital Facilities and Utilities Element. Exhibit 1-20 Public Land Use Designations and Zoning Land Use/Zoning Designation Intent Principal Land Use Parks, Preserves and Recreation (PPR) This land use district consists of state and county parks, preserves and recreational sites. It is intended to provide for public recreational opportunities consistent with the rural character of the county and preserve significant natural amenities of special or unique character. Parks, recreation, and open space facilities and activities Jefferson County Waste Management Essential Public Facility (CWMEPF) This district addresses facilities needed to provide waste management public services and functions. Solid waste and waste management Airport Essential Public Facility (AEPF) This land use district consists of land owned by the Port of Port Townsend that directly and indirectly supports operations of the Jefferson County International Airport as an essential public facility. It is intended to promote compatible land uses and the long-term economic viability of the JCIA consistent with county goals regarding essential public facilities, the preservation of rural character, and economic development. Additional AEPF information is found in the Transportation and Capital Facilities & Utilities Elements. Aviation facilities and activities Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Major Industrial Development & Industrial Land Banks If there is insufficient industrial land available within an urban growth area for a large industrial operation or if a natural resource-based See the Capital Facilities &Utilities Element for additional background regarding the process of siting essential public facilities LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 88 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 industrial operation needs to be sited adjacent to natural resources, there is a process within the GMA that allows for the siting of a major industrial development (MID) outside of an urban growth area.20 Additionally, the GMA allowed qualified counties to designate up to two Industrial Land Banks (ILBs) before December 31, 2016 for specific purpose of siting MIDs. MID sites in rural lands either through a permitting process (RCW 36.70A.365) or within a designated ILB (RCW 36.70A.367) would be considered industrial development or activity outside of urban growth areas. No MIDs or ILBs are designated in Jefferson County as of the 2025 Periodic Update. Legal Nonconforming Uses & Lots A nonconforming use is a use which lawfully existed prior to the enactment of a zoning ordinance, and which is maintained after the effective date of the ordinance, although it does not comply with applicable development regulation (including a zoning ordinance). Rhod-A-Zalea v. Snohomish Cty., 136 Wn.2d 1, 6, 959 P.2d 1024, 1027 (1998). The right to continue a nonconforming use despite a subsequently adopted development regulation which prohibits such a use in the area is sometimes referred to as a “protected” or “vested” right. Id. To establish a legal nonconforming use, a landowner must show that: (1) the use began before the applicable development regulation (including zoning ordinances) was adopted, (2) the use was lawful before the development regulation was adopted, (3) the landowner did not abandon the use after the development regulation was adopted, and (4) the use was continuous, not occasional or intermittent. Jefferson Cty. v. Lakeside Indus., 106 Wn. App. 380, 385, 23 P.3d 542, 544 (2001). Nonconforming uses are subject to subsequently enacted reasonable police power regulations. Rhod-A-Zalea, 136 Wn.2d at 9. Local governments have the authority to terminate nonconforming uses but they are constitutionally required to provide a reasonable amortization period. Id., 136 Wn.2d at 10. In Jefferson County, non-conforming uses of property that were legally established prior to the adoption of zoning in 1989 or prior to subsequent development regulations addressing land use and zoning are considered grandfathered and may continue to operate when new plans, policies, or development regulations are adopted. The county’s 20 RCW 36.70A.365. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 89 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 development regulations for nonconforming uses and structures are contained in JCC 18.20.260. Under these development regulations, if a non-conforming use ceases for a certain period, it may not continue if not allowed under current development regulations. See the discussion of the policies related to Goal LU-G-13 below for additional discussion. Legal Lots of Record and Lot Size Determinations Development regulations in chapter 18.12 JCC (Legal Lot of Record and Lot Size Determination) also may apply. Substandard lots properly platted and approved by the county on or after August 11, 1969 may be developed provided compliance with chapter 18.12. However, substandard lots must satisfy current zoning requirements and development regulation requirements, including those in JCC 18.12.070. Some areas zoned for residential uses also have smaller lots platted prior to 1998 than would be allowed with new plats. Residential uses may be permitted on existing lots of record as legal lots. However, in terms of development, some of the smaller lot sizes could require consolidation with other lots to meet current Health Department standards for wells or on-site sewage systems, or to meet other regulations, such as critical areas. Establishing Allowed Uses & Development Regulations for Land Designations From Rural Character to Development Regulations The Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan discusses our vision, rural character, rural lifestyle, working landscapes, rural aesthetics, and rural economy. These sentiments and definitions are provided throughout the elements and the entirety of this Comprehensive Plan reflects our definition of rural character. This Comprehensive Plan establishes land designations, harmonizes goals and policies, and implements them through development regulations and local actions. Our community defines rural character not only in terms of visual character, but also in terms of densities and intensities of use that protects our natural resources and open spaces and preserves critical environments. Jefferson County highly values LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 90 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 meeting our housing, infrastructure, and economic development needs in a way that appropriately balance each of the GMA goals to ensure that our community’s priorities and needs are addressed. Within the aesthetics of our rural character, there is an expectation of an ambient background of rural life affecting our senses: sounds, smells, views, perhaps even tastes of working rural communities and local neighborhoods. Along with the variety of these experiences is an understanding that a rural area is distinctly set apart from a largely urbanized landscape, and there is an expectation of comfort and quiet that is often sought in a rural residential neighborhood. Living in a rural area does not necessarily ensure a continuous bucolic experience. Chainsaws, recreational shooting, or an occasional portable sawmill operating nearby are not out of character in our rural setting. But there is an expectation that one property owner’s use of a property will not interfere with another’s reasonable use and enjoyment of theirs. Our land use goals and policies give direction to protect rural character in ways that meet the broader set of community needs, and our definition of rural character guides the development regulations. Rural Character & Review of Development Regulations, Development Patterns, & Nuisances The GMA encourages local jurisdictions to perform a periodic analysis of rural development, to determine if patterns of rural development are protecting rural character. It is the county’s policy to review implementing development regulations that affect our rural character. Development regulations, such as those in chapter 18.20 JCC (Performance and Use-Specific Standards), the Critical Areas Ordinance (chapter 18.22 JCC), the Shoreline Master Program (chapter 18.25 JCC), Chapter 18.30 JCC (Development Standards) and, chapter 18.35 JCC (Land Divisions) are tailored for specific land uses and can be tailored to specific communities or sub-areas, such as in the special small-scale recreation and tourism overlays and expanded cottage industry standards for Brinnon and the West End. Many uses that have the potential to create nuisances or other impacts are reviewed under a conditional use permit process. The conditional use permit process provides flexibility in the application of development regulations accommodating uses that may be appropriate under certain circumstances but inappropriate under others. Approval of a conditional use permit application includes compliance with this Comprehensive Plan through implementing development regulations, such as cottage industry requirements, and the small-scale recreation and tourist overlay. See JCC 18.40.530(1) for more information about Jefferson County’s Conditional Use Permit Criteria. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 91 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Impacts from small-scale commercial activity in rural residential zones associated with home business or cottage industries are inevitable. However, these impacts are analyzed under our development regulations and typically approved only when they are consistent with this Comprehensive Plan, rural character, and development regulations, including conditional use permit approval criteria. The conditional use criteria weigh public interest, potential cumulative effects, assure the use is harmonious and appropriate to the property and to the vicinity, and that the use is not materially detrimental to uses of other’s property in the vicinity, including residential use. Community Planning Efforts Jefferson County has worked with interested communities on area- specific plans over time. The county’s planning areas are shown in Exhibit 1-21. Exhibit 1-21 Community Planning Areas LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 92 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County, 2018. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 93 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County adopted its first Comprehensive Plan in 1998. Prior to that, the county participated in the following community planning efforts spanning 1977 to 1998: ▶ Brinnon Community Development Plan (original 1982) ▶ Coyle Community Development Plan (1977) ▶ Gardiner Community Development Plan (1989) ▶ Marrowstone Community Development Plan (1978) ▶ Tri-Area Community Development Plan (1982) Additional communities which requested permission to develop community plans prior to 1998 include North Port Ludlow and Lake Leland, but these planning efforts were not completed due to resource constraints. The general content and direction of these community plans provided information for development of the 1998 Comprehensive Plan. The community plans were entirely incorporated into the goals and policies of the 1998 Comprehensive Plan. The community plans have no further standing as individual community plans. As briefly discussed below, additional community-specific planning would be conducted through a more rigorous process of developing a sub-area plan, which would be implemented as a distinct part of this Comprehensive Plan. Refer to Policy LU-P-1.12. Historical planning documents may be found at the Department of Community Development. After the completion of the initial Comprehensive Plan in 1998, Jefferson County has engaged in planning through the policy direction of this Comprehensive Plan for rural and urban areas as allowed under the GMA. Detailed plans developed for a specific area in a comprehensive plan is called a Subarea Plan. Subarea plans are optional elements that must be consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Plan and become part of the Comprehensive Plan.21 One Subarea Plan has been completed as follows: ▶ Brinnon Subarea Plan (2002, Amended 2004) The Brinnon Subarea Plan (BSAP) was adopted as a supplement to, and part of the Comprehensive Plan in 2002 (Ord.#13-1213-02) and was modified by subsequent ordinances in 2004. The BSAP appends this Land Use Element and is a referenced component of the Land Use Element and Comprehensive Plan. Provisions of the BSAP are implemented in the Unified Development Code. Other Area-Specific Planning Work ▶ Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Element (2009) In addition, Master Plans have been prepared for master planned resorts and can be considered a type of subarea planning: 21 RCW 36.70a.080(2). Fishing on Lake Leland, Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 94 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Port Ludlow (1999) ▶ Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort (2018) Countywide Planning Policies The CPPs in Jefferson County Resolution No. 67-1118-24R provide policies that address: ▶ Rural Areas: Includes both rural and resource lands. ▶ Urban Growth Areas: Proper sizing, provision of urban services, joint Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend planning, The full text of the policies is provided in Jefferson County Resolution No. 67-1118-24R. The policies are summarized below for brevity. Rural Areas Policies The CPP’s describe rural areas as “characterized by low density development, open spaces, minimal public services, resource dependent activities and industries; and outdoor recreational facilities.” Innovative tools such as clustering or density transfer are considered a positive tool in maintaining the character of rural areas. Level of service (LOS) standards are to fit rural areas and rural centers, including services such as emergency services, transportation and roads, individual on-site sewage systems, individual or community water systems, and storm water and water quality systems. Parcel sizes should be “commensurate with the character of existing rural communities” and rural areas are to have a “variety of acreage parcels.” Rural centers serve commercial and service needs of the local area and may have commercial, residential, and community facilities and services. The County’s rural element should recognize existing industry outside of urban growth areas, with limitations on the potential for conversion of adjacent land uses. Urban Growth Areas & Services CPP policies on urban growth areas describe using the OFM to develop a joint Jefferson County-City of Port Townsend population forecast to be used in capital facility and service plans. Additionally, the policies direct each UGA to accommodate its fair share of housing affordable to all income levels and aim to focus affordable housing primarily within the CPPs are intended to guide the development of comprehensive plans now and in the future and thus anticipate that additional areas may incorporate, or there may be future unincorporated areas associated with the City of Port Townsend UGA. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 95 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 UGAs with easy access to existing or planned transportation and transit, infrastructure, and employment and services. Sizing of UGAs should be based primarily on adequate supply of developable land to accommodate the joint population forecast, and including land for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. The UGA boundaries may be revised to accommodate special purpose housing, provided an assessment of available land indicates that revision is necessary to accommodate housing to all economic segments of the population, reduce displacement risk, and undo identified racially disparate impacts. UGAs are to include lands in city limits and lands already characterized by urban development and served or capable of being served by urban services at defined levels of service. UGAs should include greenbelt and open space corridors. Critical areas and topographic features should help form boundaries. The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and Port Ludlow are "characterized by urban growth" and community plans are to be used as a guide to urban boundaries. UGA boundaries may be changed by reviewing sizing criteria and if there are appropriate capital facility plans. Urban areas are to be separated by rural, resource, or open space lands, or unique topographic features. Within the UGA, the full range governmental urban services are to be planned for and provided at adopted urban levels of service, including for community water, sanitary sewer, piped fire flow, and storm water systems. Urban services and facilities should not be extended beyond the urban growth area except if there’s a threat to public health or welfare or to protect an area of environmental sensitivity, with a focus on threats from existing development. Jefferson County, the City of Port Townsend, Public Utility District #1, and other public and private water purveyors are to use updated population forecasts to update the Coordinated Water System Plan. The policies also promote reciprocal circulation of development applications by Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend. Port Ludlow, Port Ludlow Village Council Downtown Port Townsend, BERK LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 96 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Overarching Land Use Goals & Policies General Land Use Goal LU-G-1 Ensure Jefferson County grows in a responsible way that maintains or improves the quality of life for all residents, workers, and visitors and upholds the community’s vision. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.1 Incorporate opportunities for continuous and ongoing public participation in both the comprehensive planning process and the implementation of the resulting Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.2 Establish future land use and zoning designations, densities, and intensities that minimize and mitigate potential land use conflicts and displacement. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.3 Acknowledge and protect the rights of private property owners in preparing land use, development, and environmental regulations, prohibit arbitrary and discriminatory actions, and preserve reasonable uses for regulated properties. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.4 Maintain Jefferson County’s rural working landscapes, with planning efforts to meet community needs of housing, infrastructure, and economic development. Meet these needs through county leadership and collaborative work with the State for legislative and local solutions to the challenges met with the GMA in rural counties. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.5 Encourage the use of innovative site planning and design techniques as a way to preserve rural character, open lands, and natural resources, including lot consolidation opportunities, development regulations, and other innovative tools such as farm conservation plans. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.6 If the county adopts methods of paying that shift the cost for new services and facilities resulting from additional demand from new development to those who benefit, determine through a public process how to apportion the fair share of funding for required public facilities, services, and amenities. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.7 Ensure appropriate services are provided as needed and avoid duplication of services by promoting the coordination of local governmental agencies, non-profits, cooperatives, educational institutions, programs, and planning. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 97 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-1.8 Ensure the annexation of unincorporated territory in Jefferson County occurs in a manner consistent with State law. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.9 Coordinate with surrounding jurisdictions to ensure consistency among land use designations near jurisdictional planning boundaries. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.10 Cooperatively examine new potential development opportunities along selected regions of existing highway/commuter corridors for trails, multi-use trails, affordable housing, and economic development. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.11 Incorporate physical health and well-being for all community members, particularly vulnerable communities, into local decision making, land use policies, and siting of community and public facilities. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.12 Support Jefferson County communities by reviewing, developing, or updating local community plans, subarea plans, and development regulations in sync with the needs of the community, environment, Comprehensive Plan, and the GMA, as staffing capacity and funding allows. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.13 Consider whether Jefferson County land use actions would disproportionally impact historically marginalized communities or vulnerable populations. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.14 Ensure those most disproportionately impacted by Jefferson County-decisions have equitable access to participate in planning discussions (e.g., evening meetings, translation services, food, and childcare or travel stipends). ▶ Policy LU-P-1.15 Establish clear decision-making structures that ensure disproportionately impacted populations’ needs and solutions are prioritized and community members and leaders, organizations, and institutions share power, voice, and resources. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.16 Coordinate with tribal governments in planning for growth, especially when land use activities may impact culturally significant sites or tribal treaty fishing, hunting, and gathering grounds. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.17 Support farmer’s markets and farm stands in urban, rural residential, and commercial districts. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.18 Ensure accessible and inclusive engagement opportunities. Provide plain-language materials, offer multiple feedback formats, and directly involve historically marginalized and vulnerable populations and advocacy groups in decision-making processes. See also Policy LU-P-16.3 and Goal OS-G-5 in the Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Element. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 98 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-1.19 Foster meaningful, ongoing youth participation in local planning and decision-making. Create structures for youth leadership—such as advisory councils, paid internships, school partnerships, and forums—with special outreach to LGBTQ+, disabled, BIPOC, and rural youth. Ensure youth voice shapes policies, facilities, and investments that impact their lives. ▶ Policy LU-P-1.20 Ensure revisions to the boundary of UGAs, designated resource lands, LAMIRDs, fully contained communities, or MPRs are thoroughly reviewed prior to their effective date. Land Use Consistency with Naval Base Kitsap Goal LU-G-2 Continue to partner with the Department of Defense for land use planning that benefits national security, conservation, and economic prosperity in Jefferson County. ▶ Policy LU-P-2.1 Support additional Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) planning work with military and other partners, provided funding is made available. ▶ Policy LU-P-2.2 Upon the conclusion of the JLUS Implementation Phase, identify those tools recommended by the JLUS Implementation Committee, which are applicable and appropriate in Jefferson County, and undertake reasonable efforts to implement those tools in a timely manner. ▶ Policy LU-P-2.3 Continue to partner with Navy Region Northwest and other applicable military partners on evolving missions, installation planning, transportation planning, military construction projects, land use compatibility programs, such as Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration, and other issues affecting Jefferson County. Marrowstone Island, Carolyn Gallaway LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 99 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Naval Base Kitsap (NBK), as the third largest naval base in the United States has direct and indirect impacts on Jefferson County. NBK missions include: homeporting and maintenance and repair of submarines, aircraft carriers, and surface ships. Additional missions include weapons handling and research, development, testing, and evaluation. NBK is home to approximately 34,000 active-duty, reserves, and US Department of Defense civilian employees. NBK includes the three flag commands (Admiral-directed) of Navy Region Northwest, Carrier Strike Group Three, and Submarine Group Nine. While the vast majority of NBK’s operations are located outside of Jefferson County, Naval Magazine Indian Island, a strategic loading point for the Pacific Fleet, is located in Jefferson County. Naval Magazine Indian Island, located on a 2,700-acre island within Jefferson County, is a strategic loading point for ships in the Pacific Fleet preparing for or returning from deployment. It is also a strategic port for transshipment of joint service ordnance. The pristine and undeveloped deep-water nature of Dabob Bay and Hood Canal allows the Navy to perform sensitive acoustical testing. NBK’s evolving mission requires close coordination with Jefferson County to ensure compatible land uses between NBK and Jefferson County. Jefferson County was a participant in the Joint Land Use Study (JLUS), a multi-county and city effort to jointly plan land uses around NBK facilities. The JLUS describes the importance of the military installation in Jefferson County, identifying four areas of interest: 1. Marrowstone Island shares access via the Portage Canal Bridge and utilities with Naval Magazine Indian Island. 2. The Port Hadlock-Irondale UGA is a location of the freight route also used by Naval Magazine Indian Island. 3. Development along the western shores of Hood Canal and Dabob Bay could increase water traffic, which could impact the viability of the Navy’s in-water operating areas and testing ranges. The Navy has been partnering with state agencies and land trusts to secure land and easements, including easements on working forests to buffer noise-sensitive areas, reduce electromagnetic interference, and protect habitat. 4. Communication and coordination. Implementing JLUS recommendations can improve land use compatibility and natural area conservation but may also affect the rural economy and rural housing options. For example, the US Navy is interested in additional Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration (REPI) funding to purchase development rights in Jefferson County. The REPI program seeks to purchase development rights from targeted property owners, in most cases extinguishing property owner’s ability to develop their property. The REPI program is designed to protect the Navy from existing and future encroachment of military missions, mitigate security risks to the existing and future missions, and improve natural area conservation. However, these REPI acquisitions permanently extinguish current and future development rights. Therefore, it is crucial that Jefferson County and NBK partner in implementing compatibility programs, such as REPI. The County seeks to implement JLUS recommendations that are appropriate to the County’s Comprehensive Plan Vision and this Land Use Element while recognizing the military’s long-standing mission and partnership in the county. Naval Base Kitsap Joint Land Use Study LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 100 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Industrial Development Goal LU-G-3 Identify and designate sufficient land area within the county for industrial uses and economic development. ▶ Policy LU-P-3.1 Designate sufficient land for light industrial uses within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. ▶ Policy LU-P-3.2 Consider designating major industrial developments (MIDs) outside of urban growth areas consistent with the Uniform Development Code and the GMA. Housing Goal LU-G-4 Support opportunities to provide a variety of housing types affordable for current and future residents of all income groups, ages, abilities, and needs. ▶ Policy LU-P-4.1 Encourage middle housing, special needs housing (e.g., seniors, disabled individuals, or veterans), farmworker housing, and assisted living facilities in rural commercial/mixed-use areas within the capacity of local infrastructure and site constraints. ▶ Policy LU-P-4.2 Allow special needs housing, senior housing, farmworker housing, and assisted living facilities in residential areas. ▶ Policy LU-P-4.3 Consider existing platted developments for designation as Residential Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development (Residential LAMIRDs). ▶ Policy LU-P-4.4 Allow for a range of affordable housing types and workforce housing options, including farmworker housing, to support an adequate workforce and improve the local economy. ▶ Policy LU-P-4.5 Implement appropriate zoning and development regulations, and develop infrastructure to create opportunities for housing in Jefferson County consistent with adopted growth targets. Refer also to the Housing Element LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 101 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Public Purpose Lands Goal LU-G-5 Identify and designate lands for both public purposes, public facilities, and essential public facilities. ▶ Policy LU-P-5.1 Designate public purpose lands that provide a range of services to the public to meet public needs and serve as sites for some public facilities. ▶ Policy LU-P-5.2 Site essential public facilities in an equitable manner with consideration for future climate-related hazards and with appropriate mitigation that balances local and regional objectives.. ▶ Policy LU-P-5.3 Ensure that designated public purpose lands are appropriate to the LOS standards for the designated land use density. ▶ Policy LU-P-5.4 Provide for broad-based participation by agencies, residents, tribes, and other interested parties in the process for designating land to be used for essential public facilities. ▶ Policy LU-P-5.5 Support community activities and public lands which promote physical and mental health for all community members. Transportation Goal LU-G-6 Ensure transportation is safe, efficient, multi-modal, universally accessible, and based on levels of service that correspond to the land use densities in the Comprehensive Plan to connect people to where they live, work, learn, and play. ▶ Policy LU-P-6.1 Encourage innovative development and land use proposals that utilize existing transportation systems and provide interconnected, multi-modal, pedestrian-friendly, non-motorized transportation opportunities that address environment, housing, and economic development goals. ▶ Policy LU-P-6.2 Coordinate with state and federal transportation agencies to ensure that their plans meet the land use expectations of the county’s Comprehensive Plan. Refer also to the Transportation Element Refer to related elements and follow multi-modal wayfinding references between goals and policies of the Economic Development, Transportation, Environment, and Land Use Elements Essential public facilities are defined as public facilities that are typically difficult to site and include, but are not limited to, airports, large-scale transportation and transit facilities, state educational facilities, correctional facilities, solid waste treatment facilities, inpatient and mental health facilities, substance abuse facilities, secure community transition facilities, and group homes. See WAC 365-196-550. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 102 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-6.3 Site transportation facilities in locations which minimize the disruption of natural habitat, floodplains, wetlands, geologically sensitive areas, resource lands, and other priority systems. ▶ Policy LU-P-6.4 Prioritize non-motorized improvements and connectivity in communities, especially around schools. ▶ Policy LU-P-6.5 Support active transportation (e.g., walking and bicycling) access to public facilities, parks and open space, employment centers, and other key amenities and resources. ▶ Policy LU-P-6.6 Consider the full spectrum of disabilities—including mobility, sensory, and cognitive—in planning for universally accessible transportation options. For example, implement plain-language communication, visual guides, and structured event schedules to improve accessibility. Environment Goal LU-G-7 Preserve the functions, values, and resiliency of Critical Areas and protect development from the risks of environmental hazards. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.1 Ensure that land use decisions consider climate change and promote climate resiliency and are based on land use ordinances which are in compliance with the Critical Areas Ordinance and all applicable state environmental laws. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.2 Allow residential, commercial, and industrial development in a manner that minimizes risk from flooding, earth movement, shoreline erosion, sea level rise, and other natural hazards now and in the future under changing climate conditions. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.3 Support cooperative ecosystem and habitat management processes between stakeholders and local, state, federal and tribal governments. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.4 Ensure land use decisions along Jefferson County shorelines protect the shoreline environment, facilitate public access, recognize the needs of water-oriented activities, and cooperate with regional plans for protection and management of shorelines. In areas of the county under the jurisdiction of the Shoreline Management Act (Chapter 90.58 RCW), activities which are water-oriented will be preferred over those activities which are not, all other factors being equal, consistent with the Shoreline Management Act and the land use designations, goals, and policies of this Comprehensive Plan. Refer to the Environment Element for primary information on environmental protection and hazard issues Refer to the Environment Element for primary information on shorelines and Shoreline Master Program Goals—see the “SMP Purpose & Goals” information box at EN-G-4 Also refer to the Natural Resource Element— Aquaculture LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 103 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-7.5 Encourage small-scale marine trades activities, in Port Hadlock, Port Ludlow, Nordland, Brinnon, and Quilcene. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.6 Develop land use ordinances that promote climate resiliency based on comprehensive watershed and salmon recovery plans for the conservation, protection, and management of surface and ground waters, floodplains and estuaries, in order to maintain water quality and quantity, provide potable water, and to restore and protect fish habitat. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.7 Proactively steward natural systems and discourage development and land use decisions that significantly adversely impact the natural environment and natural resources. ▶ Policy LU-P-7.8 Manage built and natural environments in the county for resiliency to reduce wildfire risk and impacts of climate change, such as increased flooding, extreme heat, and droughts, to infrastructure, the economy, natural resources, and human health. Lead regional climate change and greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. Water Goal LU-G-8 Continue to address stormwater management and drainage issues with private property owners and resource agencies to protect shellfish beds, fish habitat, and other natural resources and to reduce nonpoint sources of pollution. ▶ Policy LU-P-8.1 Encourage increased coordination between stormwater requirements of Forest Practices and Jefferson County stormwater requirements to reduce potential impacts to off-site residential development, and encourage the preservation of natural drainage systems to improve climate resiliency. ▶ Policy LU-P-8.2 Require operation and maintenance agreements as a condition of project approval for all stormwater management facilities as a means of ensuring long-term compliance with the stormwater management standards of the Jefferson County Unified Development Code. Brinnon, Carolyn Gallaway LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 104 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-8.3 Develop and implement an operation and maintenance program for public and private stormwater control facilities as funds, funding sources, and staff resources become available. Ensure that the program includes provisions for ongoing monitoring and inspection of stormwater facilities, as well as effective compliance and enforcement measures. ▶ Policy LU-P-8.4 Consider adopting stormwater control facility charges (as authorized by RCW 36.89.080) in order to provide an adequate funding source for stormwater facility development, operation and maintenance, and for public education, water quality monitoring, stream gauges and enforcement. ▶ Policy LU-P-8.5 Minimize adverse effects of floods on existing and future development and protect the natural conditions and functions of the flood plain by considering current and future climate conditions. Goal LU-G-9 Protect life and property from flood hazards and retain the flood storage capacity of rivers and streams. ▶ Policy LU-P-9.1 Periodically review and, if necessary, update the Jefferson County Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance to reflect such things as climate change, and changes in federal, state and local legislation, and hazard mitigation planning. ▶ Policy LU-P-9.2 Encourage community-based flood hazard management planning through participation in the National Flood Insurance Program’s “Community Rating System” (CRS). ▶ Policy LU-P-9.3 Collaborate with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as a Cooperating Technical Community and enter into Mapping Activity Agreements to update and maintain accurate flood hazard area data and maps that reflect current and future climate conditions. ▶ Policy LU-P-9.4 Adopt land use policies and best management practices that increase the ability of natural systems, such as healthy, connected floodplains and riparian systems, to respond to droughts, changes in streamflow, and flooding. ▶ Policy LU-P-9.5 Strengthen development regulations that promote compatible uses and protection of health and safety in critical areas more prone to risks of extreme precipitation and flooding. ▶ Policy LU-P-9.6 Improve public education on the tsunami alarm system, create accessible evacuation plans, and ensure that emergency information is available in plain language and visual formats. See also Policy CE-P-19.1 in the Climate Element LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 105 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal LU-G-10 Ensure a sustainable and safe water supply for residential, economic, and environmental needs that relies on conservation and other current technologies, while incorporating the most current climate projections into supply planning. ▶ Policy LU-P-10.1 Work cooperatively with water supply purveyors, public utility districts, and other experts at federal, state, local, tribal governments—including private non-profit organizations—to preserve and protect existing water supplies while addressing future water supply needs. Such measures may utilize alternative water sources that are compatible with environmental protection. ▶ Policy LU-P-10.2 Ensure future water supply needs consider impacts to water supply from changing climate conditions. Goal LU-G-11 Protect the quality and quantity of surface, ground, and marine water resources through locally implemented shoreline, critical areas, and other related environmental programs. ▶ Policy LU-P-11.1 Ensure that county water quality programs are designed to complement related programs developed and implemented by other local as well as state and federal agencies. For ease of administration and enforcement, reference related programs implemented by other agencies within relevant county plans and regulations. ▶ Policy LU-P-11.2 Discourage development and land use decisions that significantly adversely impact the quality and quantity of groundwater used for public water supplies. ▶ Policy LU-P-11.3 Preserve the environmental functions of surface and ground water resources by retaining native vegetation and open spaces where feasible and by requiring mitigation measures, including low impact development techniques, for land use activities that may adversely impact surface and ground water. Refer also to the Environment Element LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 106 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-11.4 Work with the Department of Ecology and other agencies to minimize saltwater intrusion, to evaluate ground water resources that have been damaged either by saltwater intrusion or other contamination, and to identify technically and financially feasible measures for remediation of adverse impacts. Ensure efforts consider increased risk of saltwater intrusion as a result of climate change. ▶ Policy LU-P-11.5 Promote best management practices and voluntary open space conservation to protect critical areas in land use development regulations related to on-site sewage systems, forest management, agricultural practices, industry, and other development. Goal LU-G-12 Cooperatively manage, protect, enhance, and conserve water resources through a comprehensive watershed management program that is integrated with recovery plans for listed species. ▶ Policy LU-P-12.1 Take an active role in implementing watershed plans for Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 16, 17, 20, and 21, as funding allows. ▶ Policy LU-P-12.2 Participate in collaborative watershed, shoreline, and salmon habitat conservation planning processes with state, federal, and tribal governments, including local stakeholders. Legal Nonconforming Uses A legal nonconforming use or structure is one that conformed to all applicable development regulations in effect on the date of its creation, but no longer complies due to subsequent changes in the development regulations. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 107 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal LU-G-13 Allow the continued existence and economic viability of legally established land uses which have now become nonconforming. ▶ Policy LU-P-13.1 Allow existing legal commercial and industrial uses that became nonconforming prior to the county’s adoption of zoning regulations in 1989 or prior to subsequent zoning changes or development regulations to continue and to expand within limits as defined in JCC 18.20.260, including the right to continue and not be subject to nuisance claims if operating in compliance with all Jefferson County regulations, to be able to change to a different non-conforming use of equal or lesser intensity, and be able to be sold within a reasonable amount of time without jeopardizing the continuation of the use or activity. ▶ Policy LU-P-13.2 Allow existing legal commercial and industrial uses that became nonconforming prior to the county’s adoption of zoning regulations in 1989 or prior to subsequent zoning changes or development regulations to expand or be replaced in Rural Residential areas provided that they do not require additional urban levels of government service and they do not impose uncompensated additional costs to the taxpayers of Jefferson County for the provision of infrastructure, its replacement or improvement. Allow expansion or replacement, provided they do not conflict with natural resource industries or surrounding rural uses and results in no further adverse environmental impacts, including no net loss of critical areas functions and values, or neighborhood impacts, unless mitigated. ▶ Policy LU-P-13.3 Prohibit businesses that do not meet the above criteria from expanding or rebuilding if destroyed. ▶ Policy LU-P-13.4 Allow legal existing nonconforming structures damaged or destroyed by fire, earthquake, explosion, wind, flood, or other calamity to be completely restored or reconstructed if all the applicable criteria and code provisions are met. ▶ Policy LU-P-13.5 Allow and encourage a legal existing nonconforming use to change to a conforming use allowed within the zone classification in which the use is located. ▶ Policy LU-P-13.6 Process all proposals to change the use of a legal existing nonconforming use to a different non-conforming use in accordance with a public hearing process to ensure notification of adjacent property owners. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 108 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-13.7 Apply legal existing nonconforming use status only to businesses which were established prior to the county’s adoption of zoning regulations in 1989 or subsequent zoning changes or development regulations that became nonconforming prior to the county’s adoption of zoning regulations in 1989 or prior to subsequent zoning changes or development regulations as legal commercial establishments. This policy does not apply to Home Businesses and Cottage Industries. Permit Processing Goal LU-G-14 Ensure responsive, fair, and efficient permit processing. ▶ Policy LU-P-14.1 Develop and maintain development regulations and internal policies that ensure that applications for development permits are processed in a timely, fair, and predictable manner. ▶ Policy LU-P-14.2 Ensure that permit review and requests for additional information are fair, consistent, and balanced with the needs of the applicant and the public interest at large. ▶ Policy LU-P-14.3 Implement and maintain a land use and building permit enforcement program that encourages voluntary compliance as the first course of action, but is protective of the community’s life, safety, and environmental health. Support property owners with code compliance. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 109 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 1.2 RURAL Rural Character Rural counties, as defined by the State of Washington, are “…a county with a population density of less than 100 persons per square mile or a county smaller than two hundred twenty-five square miles.”22 Based on this definition and OFM population estimates from April 1, 2025, Jefferson County is a rural county.23 The GMA requires that the county “include measures that apply to rural development and protect the rural character of the area as established by the county.” These measures must be used to control rural development, assure visual compatibility of rural development with surrounding areas, reduce sprawl, protect critical areas and surface and groundwater water resources, and protect against conflict with the use of agricultural, forest, and mineral resource lands.24 The GMA defines rural character as follows:25 "Rural character" refers to the patterns of land use and development established by a county in the rural element of its comprehensive plan: (a) In which open space, the natural landscape, and vegetation predominate over the built environment; (b) That foster traditional rural lifestyles, rural-based economies, and opportunities to both live and work in rural areas; (c) That provide visual landscapes that are traditionally found in rural areas and communities; (d) That are compatible with the use of the land by wildlife and for fish and wildlife habitat; (e) That reduce the inappropriate conversion of undeveloped land into sprawling, low-density development; (f) That generally do not require the extension of urban governmental services; and 22 RCW 82.14.370(5). 23 As of April 1, 2025, Jefferson County has a population density of 18.75 persons per square mile (OFM, 2025). 24 RCW 36.70A.070(b). 25 RCW 36.70A.030(35) LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 110 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 (g) That are consistent with the protection of natural surface water flows and groundwater and surface water recharge and discharge areas. Additional principles that define Jefferson County’s rural character include the following (elements of the GMA definition for rural character supported by each principle are shown in parenthesis): ▶ Ensure that the county’s quality of life is preserved as it is enhanced. (all) ▶ Protect and conserve the county’s agricultural and forest working lands, shoreline and mountain vistas, visual and forest corridors, night sky, and natural ecosystems. (a, c, d) ▶ Encourage development that blends with the county’s natural setting. (a, c) ▶ Promote low-density residential development that is consistent with the historical pattern of growth, prevents a new pattern of sprawling development, and offers a variety of residential densities. (e) ▶ Promote economic development that supports place-based jobs, supports renewable resources, supports local healthy food, and local job and housing choices for residents and the local workforce. (b, d) ▶ Encourage and provide incentives for businesses to create local “living wage” employment opportunities, and for modern economic opportunities—including home-based business and cottage industries—compatible with surrounding uses. (b) ▶ Provide efficient delivery of rural public services which minimize the need for additional infrastructure. (f) ▶ Protect and conserve the environment, ecologically sensitive areas, natural surface water and recharge areas, and preclude development and land uses which are incompatible with critical areas. (d, g) The land use designations and the goals and policies of this element have been developed to meet these criteria. Goals and policies of other elements of this Comprehensive Plan have been evaluated for consistency with the protection of rural character as defined above, and by the other factors contributing to local “rural character” in this Comprehensive Plan. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 111 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development Rural commercial and industrial lands in Jefferson County are designated using criteria in the GMA at RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d), which establishes the criteria by which LAMIRDs can be designated by local jurisdictions outside of urban areas. The GMA includes LAMIRDs for three types of development patterns in rural areas:26 ▶ Type 1 LAMIRDs: Limited areas of existing more intensive rural development. Within these areas, rural development consists of infill, development, or redevelopment of existing areas. These areas may include a variety of uses including commercial, industrial, residential, or mixed-use areas. These may be also characterized as shoreline development, villages, hamlets, rural activity centers, or crossroads developments. ▶ Type 2 LAMIRDs: Small-scale recreational or tourist uses. Counties may allow small-scale tourist or recreational uses in rural areas. Small-scale recreational or tourist uses rely on a rural location and setting and need not be principally designed to serve the existing and projected rural population. ▶ Type 3 LAMIRDs: Small-scale businesses and cottage industries. Counties may allow isolated small-scale businesses and cottage industries that are not principally designed to serve the existing and projected rural population and nonresidential uses, but do provide job opportunities for rural residents, through the intensification of development on existing lots or on undeveloped sites. Counties making such designations must adopt measures to minimize and contain the existing areas or uses of more intensive rural development. In Jefferson County, rural commercial areas include Rural Village Centers, three types of Rural Commercial Crossroads, and Rural industrial areas. 26 WAC 365-196-425(6). As shown in Exhibit 1-1, Jefferson County predominantly consists of resource lands, with sparsely distributed communities settled many decades ago and serving as focal points including Chimacum, Quilcene, Brinnon, Gardiner, and others. These communities are distant from urban services and limited in their ability to grow or change due to limitations on infrastructure such as wastewater treatment and some limitations on growth under GMA’s rural policy framework. As described in the Housing and Economic Development Elements, Jefferson County has a critical need for safe and affordable housing, accessible health and human services, supportive infrastructure, and local jobs. Urban densities and job growth are planned for a majority of the County’s growth through 2045 in Port Townsend and the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Urban housing and job options in these locations cannot solely meet the needs for housing options and services in other corners of the county that are experiencing housing cost burdens, lack of job opportunities, and in some cases failing septic systems, endangered water supplies and low health outcomes. Jefferson County seeks legislative and rule adjustments to GMA Rural Element provisions for LAMIRDs to more fully realize the potential for its historic communities to serve as complete compact communities and rural employment centers (small-scale services, small businesses that support resource-based industries, etc.). Jefferson County LAMIRDs LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 112 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rural Centers, Crossroads, & MPRs Exhibit 1-22 shows the location of all designated rural commercial areas and master planned resorts in Jefferson County. A detailed discussion of the types of rural commercial areas and master planned resorts, as well as a description and map of each individual area, follows. Exhibit 1-22 Location of Rural Commercial Areas and Master Planned Resorts (2025) LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 113 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2024; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 114 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rural Commercial Areas: Centers & Crossroads Rural Village Centers Rural Village Centers are established, historically settled areas with commercial uses that address most of the essential needs of the rural population, supply a large variety of goods and day-to-day services, and provide a broad range of professional and social services. The designated Rural Village Centers contain mixed residential and commercial uses and are designated for residential as well as commercial uses according to historic patterns of mixed development. Rural Village Centers are intended to provide for a mixture of commercial, residential, and community/public services uses. Infill allowed in Rural Village Centers considers affordable housing goals through limited multifamily (duplexes, triplexes), ADUs, and assisted living/special needs housing, as well as by preserving the existing housing supply (see the Housing Element). In addition to residential and commercial uses, land for community clubs, churches, public facilities, and social services are necessary to meet projected population growth and to preserve community identity. There are two designated Rural Village Centers in Jefferson County: Brinnon and Quilcene. This Comprehensive Plan identifies policies in Goal LU-G-21 that help guide development of any new Rural Village Center designation. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 115 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 BRINNON Rural Village Center Carolyn Galloway Sources: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Total Area: 66.1 acres Undeveloped: 18.0 acres (27%) Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 116 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Carolyn Galloway The historic community of Brinnon is located on U.S. Highway 101 at the mouth of the Dosewallips River. The traditional community boundaries are the river on the south, the steep valley wall to the north, and Hood Canal on the east. The designated core area consists of mixed commercial and residential uses. Existing uses—such as a nursery and a mixed commercial/residential short plat with an existing mini-storage and a new post office—have been included in the RVC, which was modified through adoption of the Brinnon Subarea Plan in 2002. The boundary allows for areas of infill in Brinnon based on the distressed economy of the area because of decreased employment in logging and fishing. The seasonal increase in the visitor population is expected to increase in the future because of ongoing regional growth in Puget Sound. Limited areas of infill in the Brinnon Rural Village Center will provide employment opportunities for local residents in the transition to a more diversified economy as Brinnon attempts to promote small-scale tourist and recreation- oriented businesses based on a location on Highway 101 adjacent to the Olympic National Park. A high priority for the community is a facility that allows elderly residents to stay in the community rather than moving away from family and friends to facilities elsewhere. Areas of limited infill are also provided in support of the community goal of an extended care or assisted living facility. Although such facilities would be permitted conditionally in residential areas, the community prefers they would be located in the Rural Village Center. Community Priorities LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 117 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 QUILCENE Rural Village Center Joel Peterson Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Total Area: 50.6 acres Undeveloped: 10.7 acres (21%) Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 118 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Similar to Brinnon, the historic community of Quilcene is distinct from the Port Hadlock and Port Ludlow communities. Quilcene’s location at the gateway to Olympic National Park on Hood Canal and Highway 101 provides a unique opportunity to serve visitors and seasonal residents building a diversified economic base. Areas of commercial infill in Quilcene are intended to provide new living-wage employment opportunities. Commercial development can take advantage of a high volume of visitors because of the community’s location on both Highway 101 and Center Road. The amount of potential commercial infill development depends on the availability of public services, such as the water system and fire flow. Quilcene has a public water system with the assistance of the Jefferson County Health Department and the JPUD. The Washington State Department of Ecology approved a water rights transfer in 2004 from the National Forest Service to the JPUD with the effect of providing public water for Quilcene. Jefferson County and its partners have taken efforts to prevent sprawl, restore habitat, and preserve critical areas and farmlands in Quilcene. This has been accomplished through restoration efforts, land acquisition, and habitat restoration projects. These efforts along with Quilcene’s natural growth barriers, such as Dabob Bay and the Olympic National Park, work to prevent sprawl in this area. Rural Commercial Crossroads Rural commercial crossroads are distinct from rural village centers in that they provide access to a limited range of services for residential and non-residential uses. Three types of rural commercial designations are further defined based on scale and intensity of use. Individual commercial areas are discussed regarding the GMA criteria and local circumstances in the sections that follow. Maps of commercial lands and boundaries are provided in this element and in digital format on the county’s website. This Comprehensive Plan identifies policies in Goal LU-G-22 that help guide development of any new rural commercial crossroads designation, including policies specific to general crossroads, neighborhood/visitor crossroads, and convenience crossroads. General Crossroads General crossroads (GC) are existing commercial areas that provide a broad range of commercial goods and services for a Community concerns in Quilcene indicate a priority need for areas of infill in the commercial core that could allow for enhanced existing and new economic development and residential opportunities. Such development is currently, constrained by the cost of utility and infrastructure upgrades as well as existing LAMIRD boundaries. For example, modern wastewater treatment options, such as modular plants or connections with existing plants are considered an urban level of service and thus prohibited in LAMIRDs. This limits wastewater improvements that would support job growth, existing commercial development, and improve existing housing stock. Community Priorities LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 119 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 higher population base in the northeastern part of Jefferson County. These areas provide several regional uses, as well as multiple uses at community levels of service. Permitted uses in these areas include all those allowed in convenience and neighborhood/visitor crossroads (see below), as well as building materials, hardware and farm equipment, auto repair with subordinate auto sales, appliance sales and repair, clothing and accessories, mini-storage, Recreational Vehicle (RV) repair and sales, and an expanded range of specialty stores, professional services, and public and social service offices. Performance standards for general commercial uses shall allow for sizes and scales of new development larger than those for neighborhood/visitor crossroads but be more limiting than those for rural village centers. There is one general crossroad designation in Jefferson County: SR 19/20. This Comprehensive Plan identifies policies in Goal LU-G-22 that help guide development of any new general crossroads designation. Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads Neighborhood/visitor crossroads (NC) are designated based on multiple commercial uses that serve the nearby rural neighborhood and the commuting or traveling public with a limited range of basic goods and services. Permitted uses include all those allowed in convenience crossroads (see below), as well as restaurant, tavern/bar, auto parts and repair, farm supply and equipment, and a limited range of specialty stores and professional services. Performance standards for new development shall be consistent with the rural character, size, and scale of the existing commercial area and the surrounding neighborhood. There are five neighborhood/visitor crossroad designations in Jefferson County: Mats Mats, Discovery Bay, Gardiner, Chimacum, and Four Corners. This Comprehensive Plan identifies policies in Goal LU-G-22 that help guide development of any new general neighborhood/visitor crossroads designation. Convenience Crossroads Convenience crossroads (CC) typically consist of a single commercial property at a historical crossroads which provides basic goods and commodities for the local population and the commuting or traveling public. There are four convenience crossroad designations in Jefferson County: Wawa Point, Beaver Valley, and Nordland, are existing commercial properties that include a convenience general store with associated LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 120 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 uses such as gas station, espresso, or café/deli. SR 104/Shine Road has a single commercial building and accessory structures, This Comprehensive Plan identifies policies in Goal LU-G-22 that help guide development of any new convenience crossroads designation. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 121 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. SR 19/20 General Crossroad Under the criteria for commercial crossroads boundaries, this area has been downsized considerably from 1994 zoning designations. Existing development on one side of State Route 19 was recognized and contained, consisting of a nursery/garden supply store, a former auto dealership—currently commercial self-moving rentals and supplies— under a Binding Commercial Site Plan. Commercial uses excluded from the crossroad include an auto repair business adjacent to residential uses and a drive-in movie theater. These uses have been excluded to limit access near an intersection with high traffic volumes and, prior to the installation of a traffic light, a relatively high incidence of accidents. Total Area: 26.5 acres Undeveloped: 8.8 acres (33%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 122 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. MATS MATS Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroad The Mats Mats General Store serves local neighborhood residents as well as visitors to the Oak Bay and Mats Mats Bay shoreline areas. The logical boundary takes in additional uses including a photography studio, a vacant former medical clinic, and a chiropractor’s office. The southern boundary is located along a stream drainage. Total Area: 5.7 acres Undeveloped: 1.2 acres (21%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 123 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. DISCOVERY BAY Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroad The Discovery Bay community was historically a thriving economic area on the railroad line, with a sawmill and a cannery. The historic community declined in population as these uses ended, but the commercial area has continued due to its location at the junction of State Route 20 and U.S. Highway 101. It serves nearby residents as well as visitors and commuters. Criteria for logical boundaries have been applied with special consideration of critical areas and traffic issues. The logical boundary to contain this commercial area allows for limited infill but protects critical fish and wildlife habitat in the Salmon and Snow Creek estuaries. Areas of infill are also limited over estuarine lands based on seismic, frequently flooded, and wetlands critical areas. Existing uses have been recognized, and limited areas of infill have been allowed farther from critical areas. Several uses on the western boundary were excluded to address traffic concerns on Highway 101 and to prevent linear commercial sprawl, as development is constrained by the estuary on one side and steep slopes on the other. Total Area: 19.9 acres Undeveloped: 1.9 acres (9%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 124 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. GARDINER Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroad The Gardiner commercial area is located on U.S. Highway 101, and historically served the community with a grocery and gas station that closed during the 1980s. Current uses include a bird feeding supplies store, U-fish pond, an antique store, espresso, and a fishing tackle store. The logical boundary around the triangular commercial area has been drawn using Highway 101, the Old Gardiner Road, and the Gardiner Beach Road. A limited amount of infill is allowed to accommodate the community’s desire for future development of uses, such as a convenience store. Total Area: 5.3 acres Undeveloped: 1.7 acres (31%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 125 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. CHIMACUM Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroad Chimacum is a historic commercial area that includes a post office and is located adjacent to the public school, therefore serving as a focal point for the local community. Existing uses—such as a farm equipment and supply store—serve nearby agricultural activities in the Chimacum Valley, while other uses—such as mini-storage—provide a community level of service. The logical boundary recognizes and contains existing commercial uses and provides for limited infill on a parcel along Chimacum Road. Total Area: 40.0 acres Undeveloped: 3.9 acres (10%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 126 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. FOUR CORNERS Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroad The Four Corners community, which historically served the nearby area with a sawmill, contains a convenience store and gas pump, a construction yard, an auto recycling yard, an UPS distribution office, and a mini-storage rental. The boundary of this commercial area recognizes and contains the existing uses and allows for limited infill development only through subdivision or redevelopment of existing parcels, all of which are developed. Total Area: 26.5 acres Undeveloped: 0 acres (0%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 127 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. WAWA POINT Convenience Crossroad The hardware/general store and accessory building at Wawa Point is a designated convenience crossroad. The logical boundary includes limited additional area for possible expansion and area to meet parking requirements. The commercial area designated within the large parcel of 24.3 acres on which the store is located is limited to 4.3 acres. Safe access from Highway 101 is provided by a frontage road. During the Brinnon subarea planning process a Small-Scale Recreation and Tourist Overlay District (see Overlay Districts above) was created at Wawa Point for four lots comprising 18.7 acres. The SRT Overlay recognizes the historic use of the area for recreation and allows low- intensity commercial activities, such as campgrounds, RV parks, nursery or public gardens, Scuba diving facilities, and a farmer’s market. Total Area: 4.3 acres Undeveloped: 0 acres (0%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 128 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. BEAVER VALLEY Convenience Crossroad The historic Beaver Valley Store functions as a community center and “bulletin board” for nearby residents in the Beaver Valley area. The store is home to the retail operation for Sugar Hill Farms and sells locally- produced candies and desserts. Located on State Route 19 between the Hood Canal Bridge and northeastern Jefferson County, the store also serves commuters and visitors. Total Area: 3.1 acres Undeveloped: 0 acres (0%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 129 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. NORDLAND Convenience Crossroad The Nordland store is located on State Route 116 on Marrowstone Island. The general store has a post office and kayak rental and provides the only basic goods and services available for the island community. It is a historic enterprise which serves as a social and community center. Total Area: 1.0 acres Undeveloped: 0 acres (0%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 130 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. SR 104/SHINE ROAD Convenience Crossroad The SR 104/Shine Road location was approved as a Limited Area of More Intensive Rural Development (LAMIRD) through the 2008 Comprehensive Plan Amendment process. The half-acre property has been developed for commercial use since approximately 1977. Total Area: 0.4 acres Undeveloped: 0 acres (0%) Undeveloped parcels are those with a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Infill Opportunity LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 131 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Master Planned Resorts Master planned resorts (MPRs) are large-scale, self-contained developments that are based on an integrated, conceptual master plan, yet are typically developed in stages depending on market demand or other factors. Recent amendments to the GMA allow jurisdictions to plan master planned resorts as LAMIRDs which may constitute urban levels of growth outside of urban growth areas as limited by RCW 36.70A.360. Jefferson County currently contains two master planned resorts, Port Ludlow and Pleasant Harbor. This Comprehensive Plan contains policies in Goal LU-G-23 that help guide development at Port Ludlow. Many of Port Ludlow’s goals and policies were drafted from issues identified by community residents who, through the establishment of community planning groups, articulated their desired plan for Port Ludlow’s future development. The goals and policies identified by the community and included in Jefferson County’s Comprehensive Plan focus on maintaining and enhancing Port Ludlow’s recreational and community amenities and preserving the community’s lifestyle. Siting of New Master Planned Resorts The GMA also authorizes counties to allow for the development of new MPRs in accordance with RCW 36.70A.360. According to the statute, counties may permit new master planned resorts “in a setting of significant natural amenities, with primary focus on destination resort facilities consisting of short-term visitor accommodations associated with a range of developed on-site indoor or outdoor recreational facilities”. The MPR designation provides an opportunity to encourage economic development that takes advantage of the significant rural recreational resources and scenic amenities of Jefferson County, particularly in the more remote areas of the county where the local economy’s dependence on natural resource-based industries has been negatively impacted, or where other economic opportunities are more limited. For example, in the southern and western portions of Jefferson County, many of the existing communities and rural residential areas have experienced a downturn in resource-based economic activities. These areas are gradually transitioning from primarily a natural resource-based local economy to one that is also dependent on actively engaged in the tourism industry. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 132 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The economic reasons for siting of a MPR, however, must also be carefully balanced against the potential for significant adverse environmental effects from such a development. Any proposal must be carefully planned and regulated to prevent sprawl development outside of the master planned development that would negatively impact the scenic and often environmentally sensitive setting. This Comprehensive Plan identifies policies in Goal LU-G-23 that help guide development of any new MPR designation. The goal and policies focus on protecting the rural character and natural environment of areas potentially impacted by development of an MPR, ensuring adequate provision of public facilities and services, and preventing the spread of low-density sprawl. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 133 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. PORT LUDLOW Master Planned Resort The Master Planned Resort of Port Ludlow has a large residential community that is served by a Village Commercial Center. The designated commercial area is consistent with the 1993 programmatic EIS and has been agreed to by community planning groups. Land use activities and performance standards will be regulated by the county but may be limited to a somewhat greater degree by the Master Planned Resort’s internal community codes, covenants, and restrictions. Port Ludlow Resort Source: The Chamber of Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 134 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. PLEASANT HARBOR Master Planned Resort The remote rural areas of south Jefferson County offer significant recreational opportunities and scenic amenities including access to the Olympic National Park, the Olympic National Forest, and the Hood Canal. Popular recreational activities in the area include boating, fishing, shellfish gathering, hiking, camping, birdwatching, and historical sites. In the peak summer months, it is estimated that as many as 500,000 tourist visitors travel through the North Olympic Peninsula. However, the lack of private tourist accommodations and services in the south Jefferson County area often means that potential economic benefit from tourism spending is lost to other, more developed, areas of the Peninsula. Pleasant Harbor Marina Source: Pleasant Harbor Marina LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 135 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Evaluation of Rural Commercial Boundaries Criteria for Determining Logical Boundaries of Rural Commercial Areas The designation of Jefferson County’s rural commercial areas was guided by the GMA criteria as applied to local circumstances. Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.070(5), measures used by Jefferson County to protect the rural character of the county must be used to control rural development, assure visual compatibility of rural development with surrounding areas, reduce sprawl, protect critical areas and water resources, and protect against conflict with the use of agricultural, forest, and mineral resource lands. To be consistent with the requirements of the GMA, designated LAMIRDs must also have clearly identifiable and logical outer boundaries delineated predominately by the built environment and/or physical boundaries, such as bodies of water, streets and highways, and landforms and contours. Although new development and redevelopment is allowed, development cannot extend beyond the established boundary and contribute to a new pattern of low-density sprawl. Public facilities and services provided to LAMIRDs must not permit low density sprawl. In addition, the boundaries were evaluated based on local considerations that could affect location or require the application of special conditions. The following local considerations were determined in response to extensive public comment heard by Jefferson County decision-makers during the planning and review process: ▶ Regional transportation concerns, traffic volumes, access, and safety. ▶ Proximity to incompatible uses. ▶ Partial designation of large parcels that are not fully developed for existing uses, to prevent sprawl. ▶ Home businesses/cottage industries should not be used to determine boundaries. ▶ Provide employment opportunities for local residents, in particular in areas of insufficient economic growth or economic decline. ▶ Support community planning goals and rural community cohesion. ▶ Provide for multi-family and special needs housing opportunities. ▶ Avoid creating new non-conforming uses. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 136 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Application of Criteria to Designation of Rural Commercial Boundaries The process for determining rural commercial boundaries in Jefferson County included public comment and an internal Jefferson County review to ensure consistency with the GMA criteria, Comprehensive Plan goals and policies, and local considerations discussed above. Historical commercial areas that serve as a focal point for community economic and social activities were recognized for the multiple functions they provide to residents. A number of these areas also serve the visiting public, a seasonal population influx that is increasing during other times of the year. Final Comprehensive Plan boundaries for rural commercial areas resulted in a substantial reduction in the amount of commercial land available for development in rural Jefferson County from 1994 zoning. This reduction in commercial land resulted from the application of the GMA criteria for rural lands, including those established in 1997 legislative amendments.27 Logical boundaries were drawn around existing commercial uses to contain and limit new development to existing areas of more intensive development. Current Trends & Opportunity to Serve Community Needs Exhibit 1-23 provides total acreage within each rural commercial area, as well as gross acreage of land available for infill in undeveloped parcels based on the Jefferson County Assessor’s land use codes. The gross undeveloped acreage—without factoring in roads, water, and right of ways—is followed by the percent that the total undeveloped land comprises of total land for each commercial area. 27 RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 137 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 1-23 Rural Commercial Area Total Acreage & Infill Acreage (2025) Rural Village Centers Total Area Undeveloped* Brinnon 66.1 acres 18.0 acres (27%) Quilcene 50.6 acres 10.7 acres (21%) Total Rural Village Centers 116.7 acres 28.7 acres (25%) Rural Crossroads Total Area Undeveloped* General Crossroads SR 19/20 26.5 acres 8.8 acres (33%) Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads Mats Mats 5.7 acres 1.2 acres (21%) Discovery Bay 19.9 acres 1.9 acres (9%) Gardiner 5.3 acres 1.7 acres (31%) Chimacum 40.0 acres 3.9 acres (10%) Four Corners 26.5 acres 0.0 acres (0%) Convenience Crossroads Wawa Point 4.3 acres 0.0 acres (0%) Beaver Valley 3.1 acres 0.0 acres (0%) Nordland 1.0 acres 0.0 acres (0%) SR 104/Shine Road 0.4 acres 0.0 acres (0%) Total Rural Crossroads 132.8 acres 17.5 acres (13%) Total Rural Commercial Areas 249.5 acres 46.1 acres (18%) * Undeveloped parcels are defined as parcels that have a land use code of 9100 (undeveloped and unused land area) in the Jefferson County Assessor’s database. Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. The total designated rural village centers acreage of 116.7 acres contains 28.7 acres of undeveloped parcels available for infill, approximately 25% of the total. The total designated rural crossroads acreage of 132.8 acres contains 17.5 acres in undeveloped parcels available for infill, approximately 13% of the total. The number of uses that may develop in these infill areas varies with the size and lot coverage of the use, as well as the requirement for on-site sewer systems, critical areas protection, buffering, access roads, and wells or water supply lines. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 138 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 In addition, the convenience/general stores at Wawa Point, Beaver Valley, and Nordland can expand the existing business under the criteria for a Convenience Crossroad but cannot subdivide for an additional commercial use. Of the above rural commercial crossroads, many are limited in infill opportunity. According to the William D. Ruckelshaus Center, regulatory limitations related to LAMIRDs stifle reasonable development and vitality in rural counties, and this topic may be further developed through the Road Map initiative.28 Brinnon and Quilcene, for example, are distant from urban services yet limited in their ability to become robust, thriving, and self-sufficient communities because of the GMA restrictions concerning infrastructure improvements. Modern wastewater treatments options, such as modular plants or connections with existing plants, are considered an urban LOS and are thus prohibited in LAMIRDs. Improvements to existing commercial development and housing stock are unlikely to occur if the necessary infrastructure upgrades cannot take place. A lack of broadband internet capacity in rural areas further limits the reach and effectiveness of emergency response efforts and opportunities for job training, education, public health, and economic vitality; the Jefferson Public Utility District has a broadband initiative. On-site sewage system, water supply, and critical areas issues can substantially reduce the amount of land area available for development on a property by 30-50%, depending on the size of the parcel. For example, a property may require 2,000 square feet just to construct a on-site sewage system and reserve area, not including additional required setbacks. The designated logical boundaries thus limit the land available for infill development in existing rural village centers and rural commercial crossroads. The logical boundaries of commercial areas prevent development from expanding beyond existing developed areas. While areas of limited infill are provided within the designated built environment, a significant amount of undeveloped land was removed from commercial zoning status through implementation of the GMA in Jefferson County. There were 967 net acres zoned commercial in unincorporated Jefferson County in 1994. With adoption of the GMA-compliant Comprehensive Plan in 1998, that number was reduced 62% to 368 net acres zoned rural commercial. With adoption of a zoning map for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA in 2004, the effective percent reduction of commercial area from the 1994 zoning was reduced to 39%. 28 (The William D. Ruckelshaus Center, 2017). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 139 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 It should be noted that while rural commercial crossroads are designated commercial lands, land within the boundaries of Rural Village Centers (RVCs) is designated as both commercial and residential land, as the existing uses are mixed to a degree that precludes separate designations within the boundaries. The commercial lands identified at Nesses’ Corner, Irondale Road, and the Irondale and Port Hadlock RVC were re-designated Urban Commercial with the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA designation. Periodic Review of LAMIRDs & the GMA Implementation Challenges in Rural Counties Overview The GMA advises counties should perform a periodic analysis of development occurring in rural areas to determine if patterns of rural development are protecting rural character and encouraging development in urban areas. Jefferson County is investigating potential revisions to our LAMIRDs evaluating how we can better meet our rural goals, maintain our rural character, and plan for economically and environmentally sustainable growth. This Comprehensive Plan is our written record of local circumstances, establishing patterns of rural densities and uses while harmonizing the GMA planning goals. This Comprehensive Plan establishes a definition of our rural character to guide development of rural policies and implement development regulations. Jefferson County’s definition of rural character is inclusive of our working landscapes, rural economy, and protection of our natural resources, while balancing the need for housing, jobs, and services to care for and support our communities. Recognizing our past and planning for our future, Jefferson County has articulated our rural character throughout this Comprehensive Plan. Jefferson County’s past includes development intensities from World Wars I & II-era industries that were intensive in use and distribution. These uses were significantly more intensive than we experience today. Our communities are not remnants of a greater past, nor are they in a static development pattern as established July 1, 1990, but are communities adapting to local conditions and moving forward. Jefferson County is rich with natural and scenic areas. A part of the richness of our natural areas comes from providing our community— and the larger region—with ecosystem services such as clean air, clean water, and a high quality of life. This is a significant part of our rural economy. The county makes environmental protection a high priority in our planning and development. Seen as a resource to protect and a resource that has economic value, the county is interested in exploring See also sidebars in this Section 1.2—Rural See also the Environment Element, Challenges & Opportunities—Balancing Environmental Protection with Community Needs. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 140 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 innovative concepts using our investments in conservation as an alternate way of delineating and containing development. Jefferson County proposes to investigate new opportunities in the following areas: Update LAMIRD Provisions for Outcomes that Reflect Current Local Circumstances, Rural Character, and Balancing of the GMA Goals The GMA allows local jurisdictions to balance the GMA goals while taking into consideration the jurisdiction’s local circumstances. Because local circumstances vary from county to county, in establishing patterns of rural densities and uses, a county may consider local circumstances when harmonizing the GMA planning goals. This process considers the uniqueness of a place’s geography, such as landscapes, transportation networks, economics, and distribution of resources. To address the uniqueness of our local circumstances and places, Jefferson County seeks flexibility to provide community services in our LAMIRDs and other local places. Review the Tightlined Logical Outer Boundaries of Our LAMIRDs The GMA requires the county to adopt measures that contain or control development so that we do not experience inappropriate conversion of undeveloped land into sprawling, low-density development patterns. As a result of challenges to the county after the initial delineation of LAMIRDs, Logical Outer Boundaries (LOB) were tightlined to existing infrastructure, even to the point of crossing parcels and creating split- zoning. The GMA limits LAMIRD development to infill and intensification within the outer boundary. An analysis needs to be undertaken to determine if the outer boundaries are too tightly drawn, or if a market factor for vacant land needs to be applied. In fact, ordinances implementing Jefferson County LAMIRDs include the finding that the planning work establishing the boundaries needs to continue, and boundaries need to be reviewed when resources allow. The county would likely benefit from legislative and rule changes to the GMA better addressing flexibility for rural county development, while limiting development. Jefferson County’s existing development within its rural areas promotes the GMA planning goals, such as reducing sprawl, protecting the environment, providing for open space and recreation, and maintaining and enhancing natural resource-based industries. Explore Alternate Criteria for Establishing Logical Outer Boundaries To contain or control development, the GMA requires LOBs to be based on criteria that define an existing area or existing use that was in Refer to Exhibit 1-23, which shows that there is very little infill potential in our LAMIRDs LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 141 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 existence on July 1, 1990 and includes a criterion limiting the boundary to infrastructure that existed on that date. Once a LOB has been adopted, counties may consider changes to the boundary in subsequent amendments but must use the same criteria used when originally designating the boundary. The current LOB delineation process freezes LAMIRD boundaries as of July 1, 1990. Rural counties characteristically have minimal infrastructure—because of low population density and a correspondingly reduced need, as well as a generally lower financial base to fund and finance infrastructure. Using infrastructure as the method to define LOB constrains the county’s ability to meet community needs in rural areas. Rural areas are resource rich. Jefferson County proposes to investigate alternative LAMIRD delineation, consistent with the GMA, focusing on our rural and ecosystems investments, capacity for future investments, and limiting factors on growth. The Washington State Legislature recognizes the economic benefit of the natural resources, open space, and rural resources to the entire state of Washington. Jefferson County proposes investigating alternate ways of containing and controlling growth of LAMIRDs through LOBs bounded by land conservation easements, extinguishment of development rights, natural resources boundaries, and natural barriers to growth. Since the GMA’s inception, the Washington State Growth Management Hearings Board has interpreted the GMA and its rules to local jurisdictions’ comprehensive plans. Over the years, a body of law has developed, which appears to force counties to curtail innovation in rural area development, such as prescriptively establishing rural and urban densities and requiring tightlined LOBs in LAMIRDs. This imposes a difficult challenge when trying to meet affordable housing needs outside of designated urban growth areas. Some LAMIRDs, such as Chimacum, do not fit neatly within this urban rural dichotomy. This provides only two boxes, urban or rural for solutions to complex land use issues. Solutions may require more in-between areas to meet requirements, such as a greater focus on performance standards for some housing developments over prescriptive residential densities. Innovations to meet current housing crises is limited by the GMA. If a county allows bonus densities in a rural cluster the resulting density after applying the bonus must be a rural density, which doesn’t yield enough bonus density to enable the types of housing developments that can meet the challenges of providing density for affordable housing, even within a rural context. Jefferson County proposes to investigate provisions for planned residential developments and investigate the feasibility of alternative performance standards that could potentially increase rural residential density above the current maximum rural density. Jefferson County is aware that these options require a legislative amendment to the GMA. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 142 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rural Economy Jefferson County’s rural economy has responded to economic conditions and market forces pivoting towards tourism, agricultural businesses, and small businesses. Our economy is similar to other rural economies, transitioning away from natural resource industries. Our rural economy needs infrastructure to support its economic activities and changes in modern infrastructure, such as the ability to scale wastewater management solutions to meet small community needs is evolving. Even though developments in infrastructure, such as small and innovative sanitary sewer systems, may be able to support the overarching planning goals of the GMA while containing and controlling growth in rural areas, the GMA generally precludes small and innovative sanitary sewer systems in rural areas as they are defined as urban levels of service. This ignores potential opportunities to provide modern, scaled treatment facilities to support a variety of community needs such as housing and economic development. Jefferson County is aware these rural infrastructure systems would require a legislative amendment to the GMA. The GMA allows sanitary sewer infrastructure in rural areas when: (1) it abates a public health and environment problem, does not induce urban development, and is affordable by the community that it serves; (2) it is necessary to support a LAMIRD and it is consistent with the County-wide Planning Policies; or (3) supports a school located in the rural areas serving both rural and urban students. The application of this allowance is being investigated in the Brinnon Rural Village Center, adjacent to Dosewallips State Park’s wastewater treatment facility. The county is working to address requirements of the GMA, while allowing limited service by the Dosewallips State Park’s system. Currently, Brinnon is served entirely by on-site sewer systems. These on-site sewer systems have current and potential problems, and some systems are located within the 100-year floodplain and are adjacent to the Hood Canal . Other infrastructure improvements consistent with rural levels of service, such as improvements to fire flow, could support additional development, but improvements to existing commercial development and housing stock are unlikely to occur if the necessary infrastructure upgrades cannot take place. In a 2002 amendment to the GMA, the Washington State Legislature found that the GMA is intended to recognize the importance of rural lands and rural character to Washington's economy and find that rural lands and rural-based economies enhance the economic desirability of the State of Washington. To retain and enhance the job base in rural areas, rural counties must have flexibility to create opportunities for business development and to retain existing businesses and allow them to expand. The legislature’s findings close with: Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 143 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 “[T]he legislature finds that in defining its rural element under RCW 36.70A.070(5), a county should foster land use patterns and develop a local vision of rural character that will: [h]elp preserve rural-based economies and traditional rural lifestyles; encourage the economic prosperity of rural residents; foster opportunities for small-scale, rural-based employment and self-employment; permit the operation of rural-based agricultural, commercial, recreational, and tourist businesses that are consistent with existing and planned land use patterns; be compatible with the use of the land by wildlife and for fish and wildlife habitat; foster the private stewardship of the land and preservation of open space; and enhance the rural sense of community and quality of life.” As Jefferson County reviews rural commercial areas, we will explore ways to meet the GMA’s fundamental purposes in flexible and meaningful manners. For example, flexibility in designating LAMIRDs, while meeting the purpose and intent of the GMA would assist the county with contained and controlled development, enhanced rural economies, additional housing, preservation of natural resources, enhanced open space and parks, and enhanced rural character. The legislative findings for the GMA include the conservation and wise use of our lands, along with sharing economic development with communities experiencing insufficient economic growth. The GMA should not be a barrier for rural counties, but a platform to encourage sustainable, coordinated, and controlled growth and economic development in accordance with the public’s interest. Rural Industrial Lands Rural land designated as rural industrial land in this Plan is based on existing industrial uses in areas previously zoned as industrial. Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d), counties may recognize areas of more intensive industrial development and contain them within logical boundaries to limit to infill development. All areas meet the following minimum criteria for designation of rural industrial land, as defined in WAC 365-196-425: An area or use of more intensive industrial development in existence on July 1, 1990; and An area that is not located on designated natural resource lands. The industrial areas designated in 1998 resulted in a reduction in industrial acreage of 1994 zoning designations from a total of 928.3 acres to 616.9 acres, an overall reduction of 34%. The application of the GMA criteria protected the economic viability of existing uses while it LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 144 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 restricted industrial activities to existing areas. Rural industrial lands provide job opportunities for rural residents through redevelopment of existing rural industrial areas (see Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development above). Designated under this Plan are the following industrial zones: ▶ Port Townsend Paper Mill as Heavy Industrial (HI), ▶ Glen Cove as Light Industrial (LI) and Light Industrial/Commercial (LI/C), ▶ Center Valley as Light Industrial (LI), ▶ Eastview Industrial Plat and Quilcene Industrial Area as Light Industrial/Manufacturing (LI/M), ▶ Forest Resource-Based Industrial zones (RBI) at Gardiner and Western Jefferson County, and ▶ Jefferson County International Airport Non-Aviation-Related Light Industrial/Manufacturing (LI/M) Overlay. Exhibit 1-24 shows the location of all designated rural industrial areas in Jefferson County. A discussion and map of each rural industrial area follows. This Comprehensive Plan contains policies in Goal LU-G-24 and Goal LU-G-25 that help guide development of rural industrial land. Exhibit 1-24 Location of Rural Industrial Lands (2025) Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 145 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2024; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 146 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. PORT TOWNSEND PAPER MILL HEAVY INDUSTRIAL AREA Rural Industrial Area The Port Townsend Paper Mill has provided employment for several generations of Jefferson County residents. The mill property has been designated as heavy industrial (HI) for the mill and for activities ancillary to the mill. The property includes a water treatment lagoon and a port facility on Port Townsend Bay that are directly related to activities at the mill. The mill is recognized as a heavy industrial activity because it is a large-scale and intensive industrial activity that must meet extensive environmental permitting requirements under industrial standards for air quality, water quality, and wastewater treatment. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 147 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. GLEN COVE INDUSTRIAL AREA Rural Industrial Area Uses for the Light Industrial (LI) and Light Industrial/Commercial (LI/C) designations at Glen Cove include commercial and retail uses that are directly associated with the light industrial uses. Associated commercial and retail uses may include commodities and products, mechanical or electrical supplies, warehousing, and storage, or may provide support services to those who work in the industries, such as a small café or fitness facility. Allowing broader commercial uses at Glen Cove would require addressing concerns regarding pedestrian and traffic safety, infrastructure, and incompatible uses both visually and in terms of hazardous materials storage and use. Thus, the commercial designation for Glen Cove is restricted to uses which differ considerably from those in Rural Crossroads (NC, GC, & CC) and Rural Village Centers (RVC). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 148 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Left: Glen Cove Industrial Park, Jefferson County, 2018. Right: Oblique aerial view of Glen Cove Industrial Park, Google Earth, 2018. Light industrial/commercial uses allowed at Glen Cove include but are not limited to: industrial parks, light manufacturing, construction yards, engine repair, metal fabrication or machining, plumbing shops and yards, printing and binding facilities (non-retail), research laboratories, excavating contractors, furniture manufacturing, software development, lumber yards, vehicle repair and restoration, warehousing and storage, boat building and repair, boat storage, craft goods, blacksmith or forge, commercial relay and transfer stations, and associated commercial uses as discussed above. Also permitted as conditional uses are those such as: amateur radio towers greater than 65 feet in height, café, car wash, electronic goods repair, fitness center, kennels, mini-storage, and nursery/landscape materials. The Glen Cove industrial boundary for light industrial/commercial uses recognizes a contained cluster of existing uses. When the county adopted this Comprehensive Plan in 1998 and established the interim LI/C zone at Glen Cove, the GMA was still in its formative years and the case law was not available for guidance. Jefferson County was among the first counties to establish LAMIRDs allowed under the GMA as amended in 1997 by ESB 6094. There was intent to revisit the boundary after thorough analysis was completed (Tri-Area/Glen Cove Special Study Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement with Addendums, August 1999). An expanded Light Industrial (LI) zone was established at Glen Cove in December 2002. The Light Industrial district does not allow for the commercial uses that are allowed in the LI/C zone. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 149 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. CENTER VALLEY INDUSTRIAL AREA Rural Industrial Area The Center Valley Light Industrial area was previously designated a Resource Based Industrial Zone due to the presence of a small sawmill operation. The sawmill closed and was inactive for several years before the area was rezoned as Light Industrial (LI) in 2008 to accommodate an expanded opportunity of uses at the site. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 150 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. QUILCENE INDUSTRIAL AREA Rural Industrial Area The Light Industrial/Manufacturing (LI/M) area at Quilcene was recognized in the 1998 Comprehensive Plan based on criteria in 1997 amendments to the GMA allowing Counties to recognize and contain existing areas and uses of more intensive industrial development (RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d)). The industries need not be limited to those serving the local population. Other criteria and considerations used for this designation include the need to provide local employment in an area of distressed economic conditions located at a distance from the urban growth area, and the desire to reduce commuter-related traffic pressures on county roadways. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 151 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Quilcene Industrial Area, Google Street View, 2015. The existing industrial uses include a sawmill, machine shop, and industrial storage. A vested project for additional industrial storage is the basis for recognition of an adjacent parcel. Light industrial uses allowed in the Quilcene Industrial Area include but are not limited to those described above for Glen Cove, except for the associated commercial and retail uses. Transportation access is adequate, as the area is on Highway 101. New development will be restricted until water supply issues related to adequate fire flow are addressed following the community election for a Local Utility District in late 1998. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 152 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. EASTVIEW LIGHT INDUSTRIAL/ MANUFACTURING AREA Rural Industrial Area The Eastview Industrial Plat (LI/M) borders the Paper Mill Heavy Industrial Zone on the north. Eastview consists of six lots comprising about 8 acres that was platted in 1978. The current uses include storage, boat yard, and repair services and a car/van camping outfitter and conversion shop. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 153 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. JEFFERSON COUNTY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT NON-AVIATION-RELATED LIGHT INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING Rural Industrial Area Jefferson County has established an overlay zone in association with the Airport Essential Public Facility (AEPF) in order to provide a limited opportunity for rural scale non-aviation-related industrial uses that contribute to the long-term financial viability of the AEPF, as well as to support rural economic vitality benefiting the Jefferson County community. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 154 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Forest Resource-Based Industrial Zones Rural Industrial Area Forest resource-based industries at Gardiner and West Jefferson County have been designated as Resource-Based Industrial Zones (RI) to recognize active sawmills and related activities at those sites, based on 1997 amendments to the GMA codified as RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d)(i) recognizing existing industrial uses and allowing for their intensification. The Resource-Based Industrial Zones are limited to forest resource-based industrial uses to prevent the establishment of a wider range of industrial uses. It is also intended to support employment in a distressed economic sector that, despite a decline in employment, will continue to have long-term economic importance for the county. Forest resource-based industrial zone boundaries were determined based on criteria in RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d) for determining logical boundaries. The reduction in acreage allows for limited infill and contains the industrial activity and associated uses to an area based on the developed area on July 1, 1990. Jefferson County recognizes that the cyclical nature of the forest industry will continue to result in economic upturns and downturns as reforested areas become available for harvest. To maintain facilities that continue to operate, the county recognizes that conversion of machinery and facilities into forest-related production activities would help to support this industry from one cycle to the next. The development regulations include criteria for the permitting and regulation of conversion or intensification of these areas for related uses that may involve adapting existing equipment and facilities, recycling, or adding limited value to the forest resource products and byproducts (see Policy LU-P-25.5). Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 155 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 156 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Economic Activities Outside of Rural Commercial Areas Jefferson County will allow the following types of economic activities to provide employment opportunities outside of designated Rural Village Centers and Rural Commercial Crossroads: New industrial uses may be allowed in rural areas when they are resource-based pursuant to RCW 36.70A.365—Major Industrial Developments, in that they are dependent on a location near the forest, mining, agricultural, or aquaculture resource (see Section 1.3). Goals and policies in the Natural Resources Element provide for protection of the resource activity as well as of surrounding land uses. Resource-based industries must comply with environmental and other regulations. A major industrial development may be allowed outside of a UGA if the activity requires a parcel of land so large that no suitable parcels are available within the UGA, or if the nature of the activity is incompatible with urban development due to its potential threat to the public health, safety, and welfare. Such development is defined in an amendment to the GMA enacted in Engrossed Senate Bill 5019 and codified as RCW 36.70A.365 as a master planned location for a specific manufacturing, industrial, or commercial business, but it cannot be for commercial shopping development or multi-tenant office parks. Small-scale recreational or tourist-related uses will be reviewed through the conditional use permitting process according to criteria provided in the goals and policies of this element. The activity must rely on a rural setting and nearby natural features for its location. Conditionally permitted uses such as RV parks, boat rentals, marinas, horse arenas and stables, and campgrounds are typical of this type of use. Goal LU-G-26 provides policies for these economic activities. Home-based businesses may be permitted to provide opportunities to supplement a family income, start up a business, or establish a workplace at home. Home-based businesses must be clearly incidental and secondary to the primary use of the premises as a residence. The goals and policies of this element provide limits on home-based businesses designed to prevent adverse impacts from such activity on the preservation of rural character (see Goal LU-G-27). Cottage industries will be reviewed through the conditional use permitting process and must be clearly incidental and subordinate to the residential use of the property. A cottage industry is defined as limited small-scale commercial or industrial activities and shall not grow beyond the scale permitted unless it is moved to a Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 157 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 location designated for commercial or industrial uses. The limitations provided in land use policies are intended to prevent the activity from detracting from adjacent land uses and the rural character of the area (see Goal LU-G-27). Potential new planning for future zoning designations on existing highway/commuter corridors and tourist routes. West Jefferson County The western portion of Jefferson County is geographically isolated from eastern Jefferson County by Olympic National Park. No existing Commercial-zoned lands currently exist in the West County, and therefore no commercial land for that area was designated in this Plan. Convenience services are available on Upper Hoh Road, at the Kalaloch Lodge store on Olympic National Park land and at a Quinault Nation convenience store at Queets. A regional decline in forestry and fishing has resulted in distressed economic conditions in the area. New employment opportunities in available economic sectors must be developed to respond to this decline of natural resource-based industries, allowing West Jefferson County to transition to a more diversified economy. West Jefferson County is not projected to experience significant growth during the 20-year planning period. Although the population of West Jefferson County is low, a significant number of people visit the tourist and recreation attractions of the area year-round. During the tourist season, the area experiences a large influx of visitors. Situated on U.S. Highway 101 between the mountain/rainforest and the ocean beach portions of the Olympic National Park, West Jefferson County receives visitors from Puget Sound regional metropolitan areas, as well as national and international visitors. The Hoh and Quinault Indian Reservation communities are concentrated population centers that both contribute to and rely upon the economy in West Jefferson County. To encourage employment opportunities in this economically distressed area, policies in this Plan allow additional small-scale recreation and tourism commercial activities serving tourist-related uses so that a broader range of goods and services can be provided, increasing economic development opportunities for the local population (see Policy LU-P-26.4). In addition, policies for home-based businesses and cottage industries allow for greater flexibility under criteria specific to West Jefferson County (see Policy LU-P-27.2). Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 158 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rural Goals & Policies Rural Character Goal LU-G-15 Preserve rural character and protect and promote rural lifestyle, as defined in this element. ▶ Policy LU-P-15.1 Identify and implement rural land uses, densities, and environmental standards which preserve and protect rural character. Evaluate environmental quality and affordable housing as critical to the preservation of rural character when reviewing development applications in rural areas ▶ Policy LU-P-15.2 Protect open space consistent with the goals and policies of this plan and in cooperation with Jefferson County Conservation Futures Fund Program and other land conservation programs. ▶ Policy LU-P-15.3 Locate designated open space areas so as to provide connections with adjoining open space areas, offer visual relief for both on and off-site residents, enhance habitat values, and, where appropriate, allow for recreational opportunities. ▶ Policy LU-P-15.4 Establish visual corridors and forest corridors along suitable roadways in Jefferson County. Encourage the extension of the forest corridor concept from Port Townsend’s City limits south along SR 20 to Old Fort Townsend Road to preserve and protect the forest corridor, and to provide a visual buffer between the roadway and new commercial and manufacturing development. Goal LU-G-16 Ensure that development is accomplished in a manner which protects the long-term habitability, significant historical and cultural areas, and natural beauty of Jefferson County. ▶ Policy LU-P-16.1 Encourage the preservation and conservation of Jefferson County’s unique history, scenic resources, and rural community identities; support the contributions that each community has made to the fabric of the county’s rural and cultural character and encourage the preservation of community cohesiveness through designated land uses in this Plan. Related to western Jefferson County Fall in Quilcene, Carolyn Gallaway LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 159 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-16.2 Require project proponents to mitigate potential adverse impacts to the public health, safety, and welfare now and in changing climate conditions due to climate change as a result of a proposed project, action, or use concurrent with project development. ▶ Policy LU-P-16.3 Preserve, protect, and enhance cultural amenities by protecting tribal cultural artifacts, historic structures, farms and other historical settlements throughout the rural landscape, through cultural and historical preservation planning efforts. Consult and include local tribes early and often in the planning process to ensure that tribal recommendations are thoughtfully considered. ▶ Policy LU-P-16.4 Consider elements of a Night Sky ordinance and lighting provisions in the Jefferson County Code. Goal LU-G-17 Preserve and protect the rural character of the land and the identities of existing rural communities through examination of rural land uses, development densities, rural economies, housing options, and economic development opportunities. ▶ Policy LU-P-17.1 Ensure residential uses in the unincorporated portions of the county are characterized by a variety of rural residential parcel sizes and densities that support housing variety, choice, and affordability for all income groups, without creating adverse impacts. ▶ Policy LU-P-17.2 Encourage innovation and creativity in lot and site design and in re-platting of existing lots to create efficient land developments, add flexibility in design, support housing variety, choice, and affordability for all income groups, and encourage multi-modal transportation to reduce VMT and GHG emissions while meeting underlying density and site requirements. ▶ Policy LU-P-17.3 Carefully plan rural commercial development in a way that supports and is compatible with rural community character and that can be supported by rural levels of service. ▶ Policy LU-P-17.4 Review rural land use, development densities, housing options and affordability, economies, and economic development opportunities in the West End planning area to address local needs within the requirements of the GMA. Related to western Jefferson County Related to western Jefferson County See also Policy LU-P-1.16 and Goal OS-G-5 in the Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Element. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 160 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal LU-G-18 Encourage residential land use, development intensities, and housing options that protect the character of rural areas, avoid interference with resource land uses, and minimize impacts upon critical areas. ▶ Policy LU-P-18.1 Encourage rural residential cluster subdivisions throughout the rural areas and ensure the open space tracts in these planned rural residential development subdivisions are permanently preserved. ▶ Policy LU-P-18.2 Integrate open space planning and affordable housing with innovative programs such as the purchase or transfer of development rights, cluster development with density bonuses, open space tax assessment, and acquisition of easements. ▶ Policy LU-P-18.3 Preserve and connect open space corridors to provide for the aesthetic needs of the community, to protect critical areas including flood prone lands, and to conserve fish and wildlife habitat. Prioritize preserving open space corridors in areas with vulnerable populations. Goal LU-G-19 Foster sustainable natural resource-based industry in rural areas through the conservation of lands that support forestry, agriculture, mineral extraction, and aquaculture industries and local employment opportunities. ▶ Policy LU-P-19.1 Permit resource-based uses that are compatible with the conservation and sustainable use of the county’s resources. ▶ Policy LU-P-19.2 Use farm and forest preservation programs, such as Forest Stewardship Program, and other tools to preserve historic working lands and improve carbon sequestration. ▶ Policy LU-P-19.3 Encourage responsible stewardship of upland areas in support of programs that enable sustainable aquaculture. Irondale Park, Carolyn Gallaway The County has identified resource lands as an integral part of rural character. See also Policy CE-P-19.3 in the Climate Element LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 161 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rural Centers, Crossroads, & MPRs Rural Residential Land Use Goal LU-G-20 Ensure that rural residential development preserves rural character, is compatible with surrounding land uses, supports housing choice, and minimizes infrastructure needs. ▶ Policy LU-P-20.1 Identify and encourage diverse rural land uses and densities which preserve rural character and support housing variety, choice, and affordability for all income groups. ▶ Policy LU-P-20.2 Establish rural residential land use densities for all lands located outside of designated urban growth areas. Proposed rural residential densities and site-specific re-zones shall allow for an adequate supply of appropriately zoned land based upon the county’s rural population projections and adopted housing targets at various income levels while maintaining rural character, preserving rural resource-based uses, and avoiding sprawl. Proposed changes to residential land use designations shall take into consideration the vacant lot supply of the local area before allowing site-specific changes to residential zoning. ▶ Policy LU-P-20.3 Continue to refine processes for legal lots of record certifications, define valid plats in rural and urban areas, and identify opportunities for middle housing in urban areas. ▶ Policy LU-P-20.4 Prioritize the development and adoption of new technologies such as alternative wastewater and energy systems that minimize infrastructure cost, reduce environmental impacts, and maintain rural character. ▶ Policy LU-P-20.5 Within limited areas of more intensive rural development (LAMIRDs), allow infill and middle housing development at densities comparable to the surrounding area to support adopted housing targets at all income levels. Measures shall be considered to limit and contain these areas to the logical outer boundary of the existing area or use once identified and designated. Pursue planning analyses that evaluate the LAMIRDs’ ability to achieve housing goals such as with appropriate and innovative wastewater management techniques. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 162 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-20.6 Allow minimum lot sizes within the designated boundaries of Rural Village Centers (RVC) which are flexible and determined by such considerations as: on-site sewage or sewer availability, potable water availability, zoning and adopted housing targets, and development regulations such as setbacks and parking requirements, fire prevention measures, and community character. Rural Commercial Land Use Goal LU-G-21 Support Rural Village Centers (RVC) and provide for the development of appropriately scaled commercial and residential uses, with consideration of innovative planning techniques, such as mixed commercial and residential use, to create vibrant communities with access to local services. ▶ Policy LU-P-21.1 Encourage a variety of commercial, retail, professional, tourist-related, community service, cottage industry, and residential uses—through new infill development—including middle housing and assisted living facilities, within the designated boundaries of RVCs at a scale appropriate to protect the rural character of the natural neighborhood. ▶ Policy LU-P-21.2 Concentrate and contain the existing built environment through development regulations allowing for infill development within Rural Village Center boundaries. ▶ Policy LU-P-21.3 Ensure visual compatibility of commercial and mixed-use infill development in Rural Village Centers with the surrounding rural area through the creation and implementation of community based “rural character” development regulations. Ensure uses within Rural Village Centers are scaled and sized consistent with the urban form of the neighborhood. ▶ Policy LU-P-21.4 Periodically review Rural Village Center infill and middle housing development, logical outer boundaries, and development regulations to ensure the success of Rural Village Centers. Integrate infrastructure plans with economic development and housing plans for the Rural Village Centers. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 163 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Explore affordable housing in Rural Village Centers through multifamily and middle housing opportunities (as allowed in Jefferson County Code) such as multifamily residential units, senior housing, assisted living facilities, and manufactured home parks. Allow for adequate economic development to support economic sustainability, employment opportunities, small business opportunities, family wage jobs, and services in and for the rural areas. Promote opportunities for non-motorized and multimodal transportation options within and to Rural Village Centers. ▶ Policy LU-P-21.5 Ensure logical outer boundaries minimize and contain areas of more intensive development and are delineated predominantly by the built environment. ▶ Policy LU-P-21.6 Explore opportunities for new appropriately sized Rural Village Centers. Goal LU-G-22 Provide access to services in the county’s Rural Commercial Crossroads for residential and non-residential users and other compatible uses. ▶ Policy LU-P-22.1 Designate General Commercial Crossroads (GC), Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads (NC), and Convenience Crossroads (CC) pursuant with Jefferson County Code and State requirements for LAMIRDs. Lands designated as General Crossroads (GC) are existing historic commercial areas that provide a broad range of commercial goods and services. Lands designated as Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads (NC) serve the nearby rural neighborhood and the commuting or traveling public. Land designated as Convenience Crossroads (CC) consist of a single commercial property at a historical crossroads. ▶ Policy LU-P-22.2 Periodically review Rural Commercial Crossroad infill development, outer boundaries, and development regulations to ensure the success of Rural Commercial Centers, including access to affordable housing, family wage jobs, small business opportunities, non-motorized and multimodal transportation options, and services in and for the rural areas. Chimacum Market, Jefferson County Public Health See Chapter JCC 18.15.015(2) and WAC 365-196-425(6) for LAMIRD requirements. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 164 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Encourage affordable housing in General Commercial Crossroads and Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads by allowing multifamily and middle housing opportunities such as low- and mid-rise multifamily residential units, stacked triplexes, senior housing, assisted living facilities, and manufactured home parks. Allow for adequate economic development to support economic sustainability, employment opportunities, small business opportunities, family wage jobs, and services in and for the rural areas. Promote opportunities for non-motorized and multimodal transportation options within and to Rural Commercial Crossroads. ▶ Policy LU-P-22.3 Ensure visual compatibility and traditional design elements for commercial infill development in Rural Crossroads with the surrounding rural area through the creation and implementation of community-based "rural character" development regulations. Ensure uses within Rural Crossroads are scaled and sized consistent with the urban form of the neighborhood. Master Planned Resorts Goal LU-G-23 Provide for the siting of, and maintain the viability of, Jefferson County’s Master Planned Resorts (MPR) in locations that are appropriate from an economic, housing, and environmental perspective. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.1 Ensure that development of MPRs comply with Jefferson County development regulations established for critical areas, that on-site and off-site infrastructure impacts are fully considered and mitigated, and that development is consistent with lawfully established vested rights and approved development permits. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.2 Allow the provision of urban-style services to support the anticipated growth and MPR development only within the designated MPR boundaries. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.3 Discourage any new urban or suburban land uses within the immediate vicinity of MPRs outside of the designated MPR boundaries. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.4 Accommodate a variety of housing types in MPRs, including affordable housing, single family, middle housing, multifamily housing, and assisted living care facilities. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 165 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-23.5 Include designated greenbelts, non-clearing open spaces, and wildlife corridors within the boundary of MPRs as appropriate. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.6 Open Space zones created within the boundaries of MPRs should address non-clearing, permanently vegetated areas and include forest management plans to ensure long-term viability, forest ecosystem health, and fire safety that help mitigate impacts of climate change. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.7 Ensure that MPRs, which constitute urban growth outside of urban growth areas, are limited by and consistent with RCW 36.70A.360. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.8 Require that MPRs contain sufficient portions of the site in undeveloped open space for buffering and recreational amenities to help preserve the natural and rural character of the area. Where located in a rural area, the master planned resort should also be designed to blend with the urban form and—to the maximum extent practical—screen the development and its impacts from the adjacent rural areas outside of the designated MPR. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.9 Develop and maintain site-specific development regulations to guide the review and development of master planned resorts that include, at a minimum, compliance with these policies and the Jefferson County Code. ▶ Policy LU-P-23.10 Ensure new or expanded existing master planned resorts located in areas of existing shoreline development—such as marinas and shoreline lodges which promote public access to developed shorelines and/or locations which promote public access and use of National Parks and National Forests—provide and commit to continued public access. Rural Industrial Lands Goal LU-G-24 Recognize and contain areas and uses of more intensive industrial development within boundaries that may allow for limited areas of infill development. ▶ Policy LU-P-24.1 Maintain the Port Townsend Paper Mill property as Heavy Industrial, the Glen Cove industrial area as Light Industrial/Commercial, Center Valley industrial area as Light Industrial, Quilcene industrial area as Light Industrial/Manufacturing, and Eastview Industrial Plat as Light Industrial/Manufacturing (LI/M), consistent with Jefferson County Code and State law. Master planned resorts are generally larger in scale, and involve greater potential impacts on the surrounding area, than uses permitted under the Small-Scale Recreation and Tourist Uses standards. See Chapter JCC 18.15.015 and RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 166 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-24.2 Continue the ongoing planning discussions with the City of Port Townsend regarding infrastructure and boundaries of the Glen Cove Light Industrial/Commercial District and examine alternative solutions such as Large On-Site Sewage Systems (LOSS). ▶ Policy LU-P-24.3 Encourage establishment of renewable energy power systems in rural areas to foster local economic prosperity, living wage jobs, local energy resiliency, and additional revenue opportunities for rural land owner/operators. ▶ Policy LU-P-24.4 Protect future opportunities for planning Industrial Land Banks and Major Industrial Developments by keeping development regulations current and effective for these land uses. Goal LU-G-25 Locate new natural resource- based industries in rural lands and near the resource upon which they are dependent in accordance with State law. ▶ Policy LU-P-25.1 Encourage the establishment of sustainable natural resource-based industrial uses in rural areas to provide employment opportunities, such as food processing near areas of agricultural production and milling infrastructure near designated commercial forests. ▶ Policy LU-P-25.2 Encourage local businesses that sustainably harvest wild foods in the county’s forests and marine waters. ▶ Policy LU-P-25.3 Allow natural resource-based industries to locate near the agricultural, forest, mineral, or aquaculture resource lands upon which they are dependent. ▶ Policy LU-P-25.4 Maintain existing pre-1990 forest resource-based industrial uses and activities at Gardiner as a Resource-Based Industrial Zone (RBI). ▶ Policy LU-P-25.5 Continue to recognize the Gardiner Resource-Based Industrial Zone as an area of more intensive rural development and allow the zone to accommodate conversions and/or an intensification of these uses and activities under the provisions contained in State law . See RCW 36.70A.365. See 36.70A.070(5)(d)(i) and RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d)(iii). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 167 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Economic Activities Outside of Rural Commercial Areas Small-Scale Recreational & Tourist Related Uses Goal LU-G-26 Foster small-scale recreational and tourist-related uses and economic development that relies on a rural location and setting. ▶ Policy LU-P-26.1 As a rural economic development opportunity, provide for small-scale recreational or tourist uses through a permitting process appropriate to the type of proposed use and the land use district in which it is proposed. ▶ Policy LU-P-26.2 Ensure the primary use of the site is for the small- scale recreational or tourist use and that commercial facilities, as provided for within an approved conditional use permit for small-scale recreational or tourist uses, serve only those recreational and tourist uses. ▶ Policy LU-P-26.3 Upon application for intensification/expansion of existing small-scale recreational or tourist areas and uses, the ultimate size and configuration of the site should be established and maintained by logical outer boundaries. Existing areas and uses are those that are clearly identifiable and contained, and where there is a logical boundary delineated predominately by the built environment on July 1, 1990, but may also include undeveloped lands if the overall goals of the Rural Element are maintained, by: preserving the character of the existing natural neighborhood; physical boundaries such as bodies of water, roadways, and land forms and contours are used to assist in delineation of the site; abnormally irregular site boundaries are prevented; public facilities and services are provided in a manner that does not permit low-density sprawl; and protecting critical areas and surface and groundwater resources. ▶ Policy LU-P-26.4 Allow small-scale recreation and tourist uses within isolated West Jefferson County to provide basic goods and services to meet the needs of a local population living at a distance from commercial areas. This limited expansion of uses is also intended to allow for the creation of local jobs in an area of high unemployment, distressed economic conditions, and at increased risk of displacement. Related to western Jefferson County Small-scale recreational or tourist uses are reliant upon the rural setting and incorporate the scenic and natural features of the land. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 168 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-26.5 When a specific area is identified through community planning as appropriate for the expansion of existing small- scale recreation and tourist uses and for new small-scale recreation and tourist uses, a Small-scale Recreation and Tourist (SRT) overlay district for the identified area may establish variations from the conditional use permitting process and the criteria in this section, so long as the overall goals of the Rural Element are maintained. Home-based Businesses & Cottage Industries Goal LU-G-27 Foster home-based businesses or cottage industries in order to provide economic and employment opportunities outside of Rural Commercial zones. ▶ Policy LU-P-27.1 Permit home-based businesses and cottage industries that are accessory to the residential use of the property throughout the unincorporated portions of the county. ▶ Policy LU-P-27.2 Regulate home-based businesses and cottage industries in West Jefferson County and the Brinnon Planning Area according to Chapter JCC 18.15 Article VI-L in order to encourage new economic development and employment opportunities in unique areas that are isolated, distant from commercial and urban growth areas, and at increased risk of displacement. ▶ Policy LU-P-27.3 Cottage industries are an accessory use to the primary residential use and shall be operated by the owner or lessee of the property, who shall reside either within a single family dwelling or an accessory dwelling unit, subject to conditional use permit review procedures. ▶ Policy LU-P-27.4 Codify provisions which will ensure that home- based businesses and cottage industries will not create de-facto Commercial Zoning in residential districts. ▶ Policy LU-P-27.5 Periodically evaluate the use and success of home- based business and cottage industry provisions and make modifications as appropriate. Related to western Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 169 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Capital Facilities in Rural Areas Goal LU-G-28 Provide Rural Village Centers with the level of infrastructure support that will allow the community to be served with appropriately scaled housing, commercial services, and/or mixed-use development patterns to provide for community needs through infill and development of the LAMIRD. Limit the establishment or expansion of urban development and infrastructure to those areas designated for urban growth. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.1 Ensure that expansion of urban infrastructure occurs only in coordination with designated land uses based on projected growth estimates and in compliance with provisions of the GMA. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.2 Periodically review and update the Coordinated Water System Plan (CWSP) to ensure consistency with the joint population projection and all land use designations. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.3 Ensure that any impact fees adopted by the county require that a “fair share” of development costs be borne by the developer. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.4 Ensure land use decisions consider cost efficiency regarding publicly-funded infrastructure. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.5 Ensure that where the county assumes maintenance responsibilities for infrastructure, the infrastructure is adequately designed to meet the area growth projections and to fulfill the functions the infrastructure is intended to perform. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.6 Require the provision of an appropriate level of facilities and services prior to or concurrent with development. These services shall include, but are not limited to, potable water supply, commercial fire flow, adequate sewage disposal and roads, including sidewalks and pathways if safety is an issue. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.7 Ensure that Rural Village Centers are adequately served by a rural level of public services. ▶ Policy LU-P-28.8 Allow community water facilities and community sewage facilities in rural lands to support projected growth or, where necessary, to protect public health and safety. See Chapter JCC 18.30. See also Policy LU-P-20.4 LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 170 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 1.3 RESOURCE Resource Lands of Long-Term Commercial Significance under the GMA One of the goals of the GMA is the conservation of productive natural resources lands of long-term commercial significance, including forestlands, agricultural lands, and mineral resources. All counties and cities planning under the GMA are required to identify and designate such natural resource lands for conservation to avoid conflicts with other incompatible uses and ensure these lands are available to support economic productivity and healthy ecological systems. Identification and classification of natural resource lands is required by the GMA under RCW 36.70A.050 and as described more fully in the Natural Resources Element. Forest Forestry has a long history in Jefferson County, and large areas of the unincorporated county are devoted to timber production. Forest lands provide both economic and ecological benefits to local residents, making their conservation a high priority under the GMA. Over three- quarters of the non-federal land in the county is zoned for forestry purposes. Mineral Mineral resource extraction provides nonrenewable raw materials for a wide variety of uses, including construction of essential public infrastructure. The GMA also requires that counties evaluate future needs for mineral resources and ensure that access to mineral resources of long-term commercial significance is not knowingly precluded by other types of land development. To meet the requirements of the GMA, mineral extraction should be a priority land use for all designated mineral resource lands. Many of Jefferson County’s designated mineral resource lands are also designated forest land. Without definitive surveys and mapping of mineral resources of Jefferson County, the broad forest land zones covering the largely overlapping resource areas, provide a stand-in protective designation LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 171 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 that helps to protect mineral lands until additional surveys and mapping can be done. Agriculture Agriculture plays a vital role in economies of both Washington and Jefferson County, and it is central to the culture and history of many communities across the state. As described in the Framework section of this Element, two agricultural land zones are part of the land use and zoning districts and are supported by strong policies that address both agricultural land protection, and the importance of the food processing industry, as well as healthy food access for the community. Aquaculture: Refer to Natural Resources Element for the primary information on upland aquaculture activities and aquaculture resources regulated by the Shoreline Master Program (SMP). Primary information about the SMP can be found in the Environment Element. Resource Conservation While natural resource lands often consist of large properties under intensive commercial production, valuable natural resource lands also occur on smaller, family-owned parcels. For example, about 31,000 acres of land in Jefferson County is designated as forest land for property taxation purposes but is zoned for rural land use other than commercial forestry, primarily rural residential development. About 52% of agricultural zoned lands in Jefferson County are less than 10 acres in size and 95% are less than 50 acres. While the long-term commercial significance of properties such as these may not be equal to that of larger commercial operations, they represent resource lands capable of providing economic and ecological benefits to local residents and should be conserved in keeping with the goals of the GMA. Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 172 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Resource Lands Goals & Policies Goal LU-G-29 Conserve and manage the forest, agriculture, aquaculture, and mineral resources of Jefferson County for sustainable natural resource-based economic activities that are compatible with surrounding land uses. ▶ Policy LU-P-29.1 Conserve natural resource lands through land use designations and encourage resource-based industries that provide rural employment opportunities. ▶ Policy LU-P-29.2 Emphasize the development of agricultural systems, including processing, storage, and distribution, and identify where these facilities will be allowed. ▶ Policy LU-P-29.3 Support cooperative resource and habitat management processes between stakeholders and local, state, federal, and tribal governments by integrating cooperative agreements and plans into development regulations. ▶ Policy LU-P-29.4 Work with resource-based industries to achieve compliance with all applicable development regulations to protect environmental values and to protect surrounding land uses. ▶ Policy LU-P-29.5 Allow green burials in designated or accepting cemeteries and consider allowing green burial cemeteries consistent with Title 68 RCW, on forest zoned land greater than 20 acres in size with a conditional use permit. See also the Natural Resources Element for goals and policies addressing resource lands of long-term commercial significance. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 173 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 1.4 URBAN Urban Growth Areas Two Urban Growth Areas The GMA authorizes the designation of urban growth areas in RCW 36.70A.110 to include cities and other areas characterized by urban growth or adjacent to such areas. Urban growth areas are intended to accommodate a projected population growth for the next twenty years. The GMA specifies that future growth should, first, be located in areas that already have public facilities and service capacity and, second, in areas where such services, if not already available, are planned. In Jefferson County, there are two urban growth areas: ▶ Port Townsend UGA, with municipal and unincorporated portions. ▶ Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, located in unincorporated Irondale and Port Hadlock. The City of Port Townsend is subject to its own Comprehensive Plan and development regulations affecting urban growth and the provision of public facilities and services within the portion of the Port Townsend UGA that encompasses the City of Port Townsend. The unincorporated portion of the Port Townsend UGA is subject to the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan and Jefferson County’s development regulations. Joint planning between Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend is encouraged, particularly for those areas of the Port Townsend UGA that may be annexed into the City of Port Townsend at some point in the future. The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA is an urban growth area located approximately 5 miles south of the City of Port Townsend, adjacent to Port Townsend Bay in unincorporated Irondale and Port Hadlock. The Irondale and Port Hadlock is subject to this Comprehensive Plan and the development regulations. An urban growth area defines where urban developments will be directed and supported with typical urban public facilities and services, such as water systems, storm and sanitary sewer systems, domestic water systems, fire and police protection services, and public transit services. Urban growth areas enable new development to locate close to vital capital facilities and urban services or "infill" in existing urbanizing areas. Urban growth areas enable fiscal resources associated LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 174 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 with capital facilities and urban services to be operated more cost- effectively. The urban growth area is an area where urban public facilities and services are available or are planned. Provision of urban public facilities and services may be available through several service providers, such as Jefferson County, the JPUD, or some other entity such as a sewer and water district. Port Townsend Urban Growth Area Background The construction of an emergency shelter and permanent support housing is a verified community need. It remains one of the biggest issues facing our community. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the housing emergency issues, and the Board began crisis planning by identifying locations within the county and near services to house those individuals who were experiencing homelessness. With American Rescue Plan funding, the county purchased the Mill Road site and several other contiguous parcels to the south as a unit. OlyCAP leases a site from the county, offering the local unhoused population a temporary place to stay while working to find permanent housing. OlyCAP named the new location the Caswell-Brown Village, in remembrance of two people who died while experiencing lack of shelter or supportive services. The Caswell-Brown Village (CBV) on Mill Road refers to the combined 50-bed emergency shelter with permanent supportive housing and a 40-lot park consisting primarily of recreational vehicles and tiny shelters to provide housing for people experiencing housing insecurity. It will be a continuum of care housing facility operated by OlyCAP on a long-term lease with the county. Jefferson County has collaborated with the City of Port Townsend on a modification to the Port Townsend UGA, something that has not happened since the original establishment of the Port Townsend UGA boundary (which began as coincident with the City of Port Townsend’s municipal boundary but now expands beyond the municipal boundary) in the years following the adoption of the GMA. Most of the area within the Port Townsend UGA is characterized by urban growth. Either the subject parcels themselves already contain urban-style development or they are located in close proximity to urban development, and by either measure, the subject area is appropriate for urban growth. The growth pattern on or near these lands makes the parcels incompatible with the primary use of land for the production of food, other agricultural products, or fiber, or the extraction of mineral resources, rural uses, rural LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 175 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 development, and natural resource lands designated pursuant to RCW 36.70A.170. The parcels are in close proximity to urban services, including but not limited to the City’s regional stormwater system, sanitary sewer system, domestic water system, street cleaning services, fire and police protection services, public transit services, healthcare and medical services, and other public utilities associated with urban areas and normally not associated with rural areas. In 2024, Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend completed a joint housing allocation using Method C of the model provided by the Washington State Department of Commerce, called the Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT). There are no other suitable alternative sites within the existing limits of the City of Port Townsend to accommodate a similar facility. Incorporating CBV into the Port Townsend UGA boundary addresses recent legislation that amended the GMA to require local governments, when completing the periodic update of comprehensive plans, to accommodate housing affordable to all economic segments of the population, reduce displacement risk, and undo identified racially disparate impacts. The City of Port Townsend is progressing to complete the City’s General Sewer Plan (GSP) update in 2025. The plan update provides planning level analysis of the City’s Wastewater Treatment Plant, Biosolids Facility, and sewer collection system. The updated GSP includes a projected capital investments analysis and operational projection necessary for the next 20 years. An updated rate study was developed to pay for the infrastructure investment identified in the capital analysis to ensure adequate funds to operate the sewer system. The GSP is under review by the Washington State Department of Ecology. Following the Washington State Department of Ecology’s review and approval, the final adoption will be incorporated into the City of Port Townsend’s 2025 periodic update. JPUD is working to address power capacity and reliability issue in the Port Townsend area. JPUD believes the solution to these issues is to build another electrical sub-station that is adjacent to existing JPUD power lines. In looking for a suitable location, JPUD identified two county-owned parcels, which were purchased as a unit when establishing CBV at its current location. The county and JPUD are currently working on documentation to effectuate the sale. The 32.72-acre unincorporated portion of the Port Townsend UGA comprises all publicly-owned parcels. The re-designation of the land use and zoning maps would eliminate the potential segmentation of the required urban services and facilities and ensure that future connections or expansions of these services are possible. Land Use Map & Zoning Designations LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 176 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The Land Use and Zoning Map, adopted as a part of this element, is the graphic representation of the densities and intensities of use and the goals, policies, and strategies contained within this plan. The land use and zoning designation in the unincorporated portion of the Port Townsend UGA is as follows: ▶ Public facilities (UGA-P) comprise 32.72 acres, including open space areas, the Caswell-Brown Village, the Port Townsend Regional Stormwater Facility, and a future electrical substation as proposed by the JPUD. The Irondale & Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area History of Planning Designation Detailed planning for the designation of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA in compliance with the requirements of the GMA has been on-going since the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan was originally adopted in 1998. Specific policy language in the 1998 Comprehensive Plan indicated the joint City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County intent to pursue future urban growth area planning for the “Tri-Area” (including Irondale, Port Hadlock and Chimacum). As part of the on-going joint City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County urban growth area planning, the Tri-Area Provisional Urban Growth Area (Interim Urban Growth Area) was designated by Jefferson County on October 5, 1999 as an interim step in the urban growth area planning process. In 2000, the boundary of the Interim Urban Growth Area was established and included the unincorporated Irondale and Port Hadlock communities. In-depth analysis and environmental impact review of the land use, population, capital facilities and public services, natural systems and critical area constraints, open space, housing, and non-residential land use needs for a Tri-Area Urban Growth Area are incorporated in the Tri Area/Glen Cove Special Study conducted from 1998-2002. Additional planning and review by the Growth Management Hearings Board resulted in a Inside the Puget Sound Iron Company, Jefferson County, from the Collection of the Jefferson County Historical Society LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 177 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 finding that including Chimacum in the urban growth area would bring in too much area that was not characterized by urban growth. This resulted in the current UGA boundary to encompass Irondale and Port Hadlock, as discussed below. Public Facilities & Services Specific planning for public facilities and services in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA is referenced in this section and in the Capital Facilities Element, as well as supporting appendices of this Comprehensive Plan, the Tri Area/Glen Cove Special Study (August 1999), the Jefferson County Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Sewer Facility Plan of September 2008, the Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Sewer System/Water Reclamation Facility and Influent Pipeline Design Plans & Specifications dated December 2013, and the Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan Update, February 2021. Urban Growth Area Sizing & Capacity Further planning analysis of the size and capacity of the urban growth area was conducted in the Proposed Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area: Dwelling Unit & Population Holding Capacity Analysis, Cascadia Community Planning Services, January 21, 2009, and updated by DCD in 2017 and 2024 for the periodic review. CPPs provide a broad framework for UGA planning that were developed in a collaborative process between the City of Port Townsend and the county. Countywide Planning Policy #1.3 provides specific guidance on criteria for the sizing and delineation of UGA boundaries outside of cities: ▶ Received population allocation for UGAs. ▶ Adequate amount of developable land to accommodate forecasted growth for the next 20 years. ▶ Sufficient developable land for residential, commercial, and industrial uses to sustain a healthy local and regional economy. ▶ Sufficient area for the designation of greenbelts and open space corridors. ▶ Topographical features or critical areas that may form natural boundaries such as bays, watersheds, rivers, or ridge lines. ▶ Lands already characterized by urban development currently served or are planned to be served by roads, water, sanitary sewer, and storm drainage, schools, and other urban services within the next 20 years; provided that such urban services that are not yet in place are included in a capital facilities plan. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 178 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ The type and degree of existing urban services necessary to support urban development at the adopted LOS. The CPPs also provide selected guidance for the phasing of urban growth commensurate with the provision of adequate urban services to UGAs: ▶ Land use plans, development regulations and capital facility plans for each UGA will be designed to accommodate the projected population. Urban growth should be located first in areas already characterized by urban growth that have adequate existing public facility and service capacities to serve such development, second in areas already characterized by urban growth that will be served adequately by a combination of both existing public facilities and services and any additional needed public facilities and services that are provided by either public or private sources, and third in the remaining portions of the UGAs. Urban growth may also be located in designated new fully contained communities as defined by RCW 36.70A.350. UGAs should encourage growth in these areas through incentive programs. (CPP 1.5) ▶ Before adopting or modifying boundaries of UGAs, interim LOS for public services and facilities located inside and outside of UGAs must be adopted. (CPP 1.7) ▶ The full range of governmental urban services at the adopted LOS standards will be planned for and provided within UGAs, as defined in the capital facilities plan, including community water, sanitary sewer, piped fire flow, and storm water systems (CPP 2.1) ▶ New development will meet the adopted LOS standards for the UGA as a condition of project approval. For the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, said standards will include transitional provisions for those urban facilities identified in the capital facilities plan but not yet developed. New development will contribute its proportionate share towards provision of urban facilities identified in the capital facilities plan. (CPP 2.3) ▶ Local public involvement and community advice into the formation and development of UGA land uses and supporting urban public facilities and services are also an important component of planning and implementation for UGAs. (CPP 2.2) Urban Growth Area Designation Criteria The GMA specifies certain minimum requirements for UGA formation. These include the following provisions of RCW 36.70A.110: An urban growth area may include territory that is located outside of a city only if such territory already is characterized by urban growth whether or not the urban growth area LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 179 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 includes a city, or is adjacent to territory already characterized by urban growth, or is a designated new fully contained community as defined by RCW 36.70A.350. (RCW 36.70A.110(1)). The vast majority of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA is “characterized by urban growth.” In addition, the boundary for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA was delineated based on the criteria in CPPs with guidance from the Tri-Area Community Plan (1995) and public input from local residents. Only limited areas “adjacent to territory already characterized by urban growth” were included in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA to: 1) interconnect areas characterized by existing urban growth; 2) incorporate sufficient developable land to sustain the urban growth projected to occur during the 20-year planning period; or 3) provide for a reasonable land market supply factor to discourage adverse land and housing price increases. The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA is significantly smaller and more compact than the “Tri-Area Urban Growth Area” originally proposed in the Special Study. Furthermore, the current Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA zoning that resulted from pealing back the transitional rural zoning overlay as a result of the beginning of operation of the PHUGA Sewer System on September 9, 2025, currently is only part of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. However, division I of title 13 JCC allows for expansion of the PHUGA Sewer System. The county may initiate formation of a LID for the purpose of funding sewer extensions or expansions, or the county may secure grants or appropriations for this purpose. The county currently has no plans to fund sewer extensions or expansions. However, chapter 13.08 JCC authorizes late comer agreements which allow developers to pay for sewer expansion with recovery of expansion costs from owners of parcels who later hook up to the PHUGA Sewer System. Based upon the growth management population projection made for the county by the office of financial management, the county and each city within the county shall include areas and densities sufficient to permit the urban growth that is projected to occur in the county or city for the succeeding twenty-year period. (36.70A.110(2)). Adequate land area for the expected growth during the planning period has been designated based on both the projected 20-year residential population growth for Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, as well as the need for commercial/industrial lands identified as a part of the Special Study. This Comprehensive Plan population growth projections indicate a 20-year projected growth from 2025–2045 of 2,360 residents for the UGA. The UGA buildout capacity analysis is summarized later in this element and detailed in Appendix E. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 180 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The boundary (i.e., sizing) of the UGA included only those areas “characterized by urban growth...or…adjacent to territory already characterized by urban growth” necessary to accommodate the urban growth projected to occur consistent with the GMA. The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA includes areas designated for medium and high- density multi-family developments that are “adjacent to territory already characterized by urban growth” as one means to accommodate the projected population increase. Although the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA contains a significant amount of existing single-family urban residential development—from a future urban growth perspective—its major intent is to provide more economic development opportunity to serve the unmet regional commercial needs of eastern Jefferson County identified in the Special Study. Secondarily, UGA zoning and the provision of urban facilities and services allows for development of higher density (and more affordable) multi-family housing in the current Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Expansion of the PHUGA Sewer System by formation of a LID, grant funding or latecomer agreements will allow for even more urban facilities and services. Each urban growth area shall permit urban densities and shall include greenbelt and open space areas. (36.70A.110(2)). Average urban density of residential development is above 4 dwelling units per acre in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. See Appendix E-1 Jefferson County Land Capacity Analysis and Housing Technical Appendix. The Urban Low Density Residential (ULDR) designation on the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Zoning Map requires a minimum density of 4 dwellings units per acre, except where the following criteria are met: 1) in areas where sanitary sewer service is not provided within 200 feet of the PHUGA Sewer System; and 2) in such areas within an adopted Critical Aquifer Recharge Area (CARA). The provisions of the Jefferson County Health Department On-Site Sewage Disposal Systems regulations (chapter 8.15 JCC) shall apply under these circumstances. The so-called “bright line” rule adopted by the Growth Management Hearings Board suggests that four units per acre is a minimum urban density. However, the Growth Management Hearings Board has also recognized that jurisdictions may apply densities below that line in UGAs if there is a compelling reason under the GMA for doing so. Protection of critical areas, including CARA, has been recognized by the Growth Management Hearings Board as such a reason. In the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, the CARAs serves to protect the same groundwater aquifer that supplies the public water supply for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA—the Public Utility District’s Sparling Well located within the UGA at the corner of Kennedy Road and Rhody Drive (SR 19). LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 181 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The zoning map indicates several additional areas designated for moderate- and high-density residential development within sewer service areas that are in close proximity to existing commercial centers and community facilities such as the Chimacum Creek Elementary School and the Jefferson County Library. Open space and greenbelt areas have also been identified for the UGA, especially along the Chimacum Creek corridor, in associated wetland areas and along the Port Townsend Bay marine shoreline at the mouth of Chimacum Creek where substantial shoreline restoration has been completed at the site of a former log dump and at the Irondale smelter site. Concurrently with development and re-development of the UGA, a primary urban design consideration is to create better connections between residential and commercial uses, non-motorized access to transit services, sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and overall attention to non- motorized transportation connectivity. An urban growth area determination may include a reasonable land market supply factor and shall permit a range of urban densities and uses. (36.70A.110(2)). Single-family, middle housing, and multi-family residential, urban commercial, light industrial, lands for public purposes, and open space and greenbelt land needs are incorporated in the Port Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Sizing of the UGA was intended to include only those areas “characterized by urban growth...or…adjacent to territory already characterized by urban growth” consistent with the GMA. A reasonable land market supply factor was applied to discourage adverse increases to land and housing values in the UGA. Reduction factors to account for lands needed for roads and utilities and preservation of critical areas were also applied. Documentation of supporting population and land area analysis are found in the Special Study and in the Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Buildout Analysis, dated March 4, 2004, and the Proposed Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area: Dwelling Unit & Population Holding Capacity Analysis, Cascadia Community Planning Services, January 21, 2009, and updated in the 2025 Periodic Review (see Appendix E for the Land Capacity & Housing Technical Appendix). Cities and counties have discretion in their comprehensive plans to make many choices about accommodating growth. (36.70A.110(2).) Planning for a UGA in the unincorporated areas of eastern Jefferson County has been on-going since the initial Comprehensive Plan for the county was adopted in 1998. The Special Study was a collaborative joint planning process between the City of Port Townsend and the county Refer to the Transportation Element, Non-Motorized Trail & Standards LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 182 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 that entailed a broad analysis of population and employment growth and land use needs as well as alternative UGA boundary configurations and their associated impacts. It presented many choices about accommodating growth. One of the key findings of the Special Study was that the county experienced a significant amount of “retail leakage” to urban areas in adjacent counties due to an inadequate commercial land use base in the county. The City of Port Townsend and the county also jointly chose through the Joint Growth Management Steering Committee to accommodate new growth through formation of a UGA in the Tri-Area rather than accommodate all unmet demand for commercial growth in the existing Port Townsend UGA. This Comprehensive Plan and the CPPs both identify the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA as the primary regional commercial growth center for the unincorporated county. However, until the PHUGA Sewer System began operation on September 9, 2025, the lack of a sanitary sewer system, had been an impediment to significant commercial development and job creation. The UGA planning process involved an extensive amount of public involvement. The Implementation Plan for the Special Study identified and analyzed more specific UGA land use alternatives for the area. Because of the extensive public involvement process and capital facilities impact analysis conducted throughout the life of the Special Study, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA represents a significantly smaller, more compact and more fiscally viable UGA than originally proposed in the DSEIS and FSEIS prepared as a part of the Special Study. Urban growth should be located first in areas already characterized by urban growth that have adequate existing public facility and service capacities to serve such development, second in areas already characterized by urban growth that will be served adequately by a combination of both existing public facilities and services and any additional needed public facilities and services that are provided by either public or private sources, and third in the remaining portions of the urban growth areas. (36.70A.110(3)). The Special Study included several alternative UGA boundaries and permitted land use alternatives for UGAs in Jefferson County. One of these alternatives (Alternative 1) was not to adopt a new UGA in the unincorporated area of the county but rather accommodate the unmet need for regional commercial growth identified in the Special Study through intensification of the existing Port Townsend UGA. Following issuance of the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Amendments, dated August 1999 (FSEIS) the Joint Growth Management Steering Committee (comprised of three city councilors and the Board) decided on August 24, 1999 (by a vote of 5 to 1) to move forward with UGA implementation LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 183 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and to reject implementation of Alternative 1—effectively precluding allocation of the unmet employment and commercial growth needs identified in the Special Study to the existing Port Townsend UGA. Phased Implementation In 2002, Irondale and Port Hadlock lacked the sewer services needed for immediate implementation of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA indicated in the CPPs. Therefore, this Comprehensive Plan had to plan for the provision of those services as required by RCW 36.70A.110(3). The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA was programmatically defined in several phases. The initial phase involved amendments to the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan in 2002 to adopt the final Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA boundary, land use map, and interim levels of service for urban facilities as well as goals and policies guiding the development of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. This included identification of additional plans and capital facilities (including costs and funding sources) needed to implement the full range of urban services and facilities within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. The next phase involved preparation and adoption of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA development regulations codified in chapter 18.18 JCC, which now incorporates by reference the definition of “available” from JCC 13.02.010. This phase also included completion of the capital facility plans needed to implement the full range of urban services required in the CPPs, including the adoption of urban LOS standards for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA transportation improvements, storm water management facilities, and a new sanitary sewer system. These capital facility plans are adopted herein by reference and are included as appendices to this Comprehensive Plan. The Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA functional capital facility plans as adopted herein are available under separate cover and include: ▶ Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Sewer Facility Plan, September 2008 ▶ Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Stormwater Management Plan, May 2004 ▶ Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Transportation Plan, May 2004 as updated in Appendix C ▶ Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan Update, February 2021. Consistent with the CPPs, the Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area General Sewer Plan identifies additional phased development areas within the UGA based on sewer service availability. The wastewater treatment plant and collection system of the PHUGA Sewer System began operation on September 9, 2025, at which point the transitional rural zoning was lifted for properties within200 feet of an LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 184 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 existing sewer collection line via public rights-of-way, utility easements or some other route at the discretion of the Public Works director. Public involvement was a key component of all phases of UGA planning. The county appointed an Urban Growth Area Citizen Advisory Committee during the initial Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA boundary and land use planning phase in 2001. The Citizen Advisory Committee was comprised of local UGA residents and business owners and participated in developing the initial recommendations for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA boundary and land use designations adopted in 2002. An Urban Growth Area Citizens Task Force was appointed in 2004, again comprised of local business owners and residents, to help the Planning Commission Urban Growth Area Subcommittee develop specific implementing development regulations and capital facilities plan (CFP) for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Policy LU-P-30.4 allows for alternative technologies and phasing to advance development in the UGA and meet community needs like housing variety and affordability. Land Use Map & Zoning Designations The Future Land Use and Zoning Map, adopted as a part of this element, is the graphic representation of the densities and intensities of use and the goals, policies and strategies contained within this plan. The Land Use and Zoning Maps were developed based on consistency with the GMA, community involvement, consideration of the 1995 Tri- Area Community Development Plan, the results of the Special Study, the Proposed Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area: Dwelling Unit & Population Holding Capacity Analysis, Cascadia Community Planning Services, January 21, 2009, and the specific criteria contained within this element. Land use and zoning designations are as follows: ▶ The Urban Low Density Residential (UGA-LDR) zone will allow housing density from four (4) to eight (8) dwelling units per acre. Moderate Density Residential (UGA-MDR) zoning will allow housing at a density of 8–18 units per acre. The High Density Residential (UGA-HDR) zone will allow housing at a density of 18–24 dwelling units per acre. ▶ The Urban Commercial (UGA-UC) zone covers both the existing and planned future commercial development in the Irondale and Port Hadlock core area, where PHUGA Sewer System has been operating since September 9, 2025 and along Rhody Drive from Ness” Corner along the commercial strip fronting SR 19. The county adopted code revisions in December 2024 that also allow multifamily residential development in the Urban Commercial LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 185 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 zone. The Visitor-Oriented Commercial (UGA-VOC) zone is applied to the tourism-oriented potential development area around the Old Alcohol Plant. ▶ The Urban Light Industrial (UGA-LI) zone in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA applies to a largely developed industrial area: all but 5 acres are already in light industrial use. These uses are in the southwest corner of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA well buffered from the bulk of the residential neighborhoods in the community. ▶ Public facilities (UGA-P) comprise 80 acres, including public park and open space areas, the Library and Chimacum Creek Elementary School, the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office and Jail, Jefferson County Public Works Department Maintenance Yard, and the JPUD’s Sparling Well facility along Rhody Drive and the Kivley Well in Port Hadlock. Rural zones apply until urban wastewater services are available, and then Urban zones apply. See Exhibit 1-25 and Exhibit 1-26. Exhibit 1-25 Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Transitional Rural Zoning LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 186 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: Rural zones apply until urban wastewater services are available, and then Urban zones apply (see Exhibit 1-26). Source: Jefferson County GIS, 2025; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 187 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 1-26 Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Urban Zoning (2025) LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 188 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County GIS, 2025; BERK, 2025. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 189 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Dwelling Unit & Population Holding Capacity Analysis Planning analysis of the UGA’s capacity was conducted by the Department of Community Development staff and the consultant team for the 2025 Comprehensive Plan using the current population allocation from Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R and the methodology detailed in Appendix E. The population growth projections for 2025–2045 prepared for the 2025 update to this Comprehensive Plan indicate a 20-year projected growth of 2,360 residents for the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA with a need for 2,471 housing units affordable to households at various income levels and an additional 280 emergency housing beds. The capacity analysis prepared for the 2025 update to this Comprehensive Plan illustrates there is a capacity for up to 3,152 housing units and 4,507 additional people in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA 29 with the proposed zoning revisions, including sufficient capacity for new housing affordable to households across all income levels (see Appendix E for more detail). Thus, there is capacity to meet the 20-year growth projection. Housing Variety & Affordability Aside from the further extension of sewer, other obstacles to urban development include the size of older semi-rural lots and ownership that make redevelopment difficult. Some solutions could be to offer incentives such as fee reductions or permit fast-tracking for infill housing such as accessory dwelling units. Lot consolidation incentives could include density bonuses, reduced yards, reduced parking, fee waivers and permit fast-tracking in exchange for implementing lot consolidation. 29 The unincorporated Port Townsend UGA is zoned entirely UGA-P and thus does not have any capacity to support new population or housing growth. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 190 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Urban Growth Area Goals & Policies The goals and policies of the urban growth area element provide direction for the development of the unincorporated areas of the Port Townsend UGA and Jefferson County’s Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. They outline specific criteria for urban development, incorporating issues and opportunities identified by Jefferson County residents in the public urban growth area planning process. Urban Development Goal LU-G-30 Provide for the orderly development of urban land uses in urban growth areas consistent with the provision of adequate and feasible urban levels of public facilities and services. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.1 Direct new urban growth into areas that are already characterized by existing urban growth or adjacent to areas characterized by urban growth. Scale urban levels of services (capital facilities and infrastructure) to the needs of urban growth areas and the ability of businesses, homeowners, workers, and the public to finance them. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.2 Encourage growth in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA commensurate with the appropriate level of urban public facility and service capacities in adopted plans, projections, and interlocal agreements. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.3 Plan urban governmental services at urban levels of services prior to or concurrent with development. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.4 Ensure future urban development is not precluded by considering urban growth area development plans that allow urban development on on-site sewer systems or other approved means of wastewater treatment in a site design process, such as a binding site plan, subdivision, or shadow-plat. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.5 Develop regulations that facilitate urban infill— including multiple accessory dwelling units—in areas previously developed or platted at sub urban densities. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.6 Provide incentives for affordable housing through planned urban densities initially on on-site sewer systems. See the Capital Facilities and Utilities Element for a list of urban public facilities and their adopted levels of service. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 191 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-30.7 Provide incentives for efficient development patterns such as lot consolidation. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.8 Provide for on-going review and evaluation of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA to monitor the rate of development, land supply and availability, market conditions, infrastructure implementation and costs to identify barriers to urban development and recommend corrective actions, where appropriate. ▶ Policy LU-P-30.9 Collaborate with the City of Port Townsend to delineate urban growth areas able to accommodate projected growth in the county with a preference for limiting UGA expansion. Prohibit expansion of the urban growth area within the 100-year floodplain except as allowed for in RCW 36.70A.110. Goal LU-G-31 Encourage a balance of commercial and industrial uses for urban- scale and regional-scale economic activities within urban growth areas. ▶ Policy LU-P-31.1 Encourage and facilitate regional-scale urban economic activities in unincorporated portions of UGAs which provide countywide goods, services, and employment opportunities. ▶ Policy LU-P-31.2 Recognizing that the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA has a limited amount of undeveloped commercial parcels suitable for attracting and accommodating regional commercial development, conduct periodic evaluation of commercial land needs to ensure the adequacy of commercial zones to provide community goods and services and to promote economic development. Goal LU-G-32 Urban development design promotes healthy communities through policies that promote healthy lifestyles and equitable access to opportunity. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.1 Use Health Impact Assessments in the decision- making process of prioritizing capital projects to make progress on healthy community goals. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.2 Diversify and expand housing types and choices in urban growth areas to meet the changing needs of the community. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 192 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-32.3 Adopt a walkability standard (for example, a half mile) for residential access to daily retail and transit stops in urban areas that can be applied to urban or rural village centers throughout the county. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.4 Incorporate physical activity measures into the design of project evaluation studies, such as multimodal transportation planning, community design, or community health studies. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.5 Incorporate traffic calming measures where needed to increase pedestrian and bicycle safety. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.6 Facilitate non-motorized transportation and reduce the need for automobile parking in pedestrian use areas through development regulations in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.7 Encourage small-scale urban community farming and gardening, consistent with urban plans. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.8 Maximize opportunities to incorporate urban home and community gardens in new development. Allow community gardens to count toward park and open space requirements. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.9 Consider funding for and promote equitable access to food growing opportunities. Identify neighborhoods that are underserved by open space and healthy-eating opportunities, including access to existing urban agriculture resources, and prioritize the development of new urban agriculture sites in low-income and underserved neighborhoods. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.10 Support and expand access to school gardens and safe multi-modal non-motorized transportation facilities around schools. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.11 Provide mixed-use development strategies in the commercial centers of the urban growth area to provide housing within walkable distance to services, food, transit, and parks; and to promote neighborhoods that foster interaction. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.12 Incentivize mixed-use developments in the UGA to provide affordable housing. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.13 Identify non-motorized transportation connections, such as sidewalks and bicycle lanes, that provide opportunities for physical activity as key elements to mixed use center planning. ▶ Policy LU-P-32.14 Prioritize the placement of community services in neighborhood centers (e.g., health clinics, childcare centers, senior centers, libraries, educational facilities, etc.). Refer to the Transportation Element, Non-motorized Trail & Standards, and Goal TR-G-4 LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 193 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Urban Level Public & Capital Facilities Goal LU-G-33 Provide infrastructure for the needs of Urban Growth Areas, Master Planned Resorts, and Rural Village Centers, but limit the establishment or expansion of urban-level development and infrastructure to rural residential and small rural commercial crossroads. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.1 Ensure future urban infrastructure improvements are appropriately sized and scaled to the planned population projections and development densities in the county. The level of urban infrastructure must serve the needs of the public, protect the environment and be affordable. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.2 Ensure that expansion of urban infrastructure occurs in coordination with designated land uses based on projected growth or land supply needs and will be concurrent with amendments to this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.3 Ensure that where the county assumes maintenance responsibilities for infrastructure, the infrastructure is adequately designed to meet the area growth needs and to fulfill the functions the infrastructure is intended to perform. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.4 Require that development provide, plan, or mitigate for an appropriate LOS for capital facilities including, but not limited to, potable water supply, fire flow, adequate sanitary sewerage treatment and disposal, stormwater management, and roads, including sidewalks where required by adopted urban road standards. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.5 Ensure the planning and implementation of transportation and stormwater management facilities in the unincorporated portions of UGAs reflect consistency with the goals and policies in the Urban Growth Area Stormwater Management Plan and the Urban Growth Area Transportation Plan adopted as components of this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.6 Maintain consistency with the Capital Facilities and Utilities Element, as amended. All adopted LOS standards for Category A, B and C Public Facilities identified in the Element shall apply to the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, except as may be modified by or provided for separately in an adopted urban growth area-specific Capital Facility Plan, including the Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Sewer Facilities Plan, Transportation Plan, and Stormwater Management Plan. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 194 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-33.7 In addition to the LOS adopted for public facilities in the Capital Facilities and Utilities Element of this Comprehensive Plan, adopt urban LOS standards for the following capital facilities and public services in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and the unincorporated portions of the Port Townsend UGA: On-Site Sewage Treatment and Disposal: Per Jefferson County Code Chapter 8.15 (On-Site Sewage Code) Sanitary Sewer: Per the adopted City of Port Townsend General Sewer Plan and the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan, as amended, and the Port Hadlock Wastewater Facility Final Design. Stormwater Management: Per the Washington State Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (DOE Manual), as amended. Transportation: Maintain LOS standard “D” or better on all road facilities within Urban Areas (Urban Growth Areas) as established by the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO), based upon Average Annual Daily Trips. Jefferson County Public Utility District Urban Growth Area Public Water System Design Criteria Demand Average Daily Demand (466 GPD/ERU) Maximum Daily Demand (933 GPD/ERU) Fire Flow: The adopted Coordinated Water System Plan (CWSP) for Jefferson County establishes the Fire Flow LOS requirements for the Urban Growth Area Water System. The requirements are identified in Table 4-1 of the CWSP, as may be amended. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.8 Coordinate with the respective purveyor, special district, agency, or other entities delivering, or who are anticipated to deliver, urban public facilities and services to ensure growth and development are timed, phased, and consistent with the provision of adequate urban level facilities and services. ▶ Policy LU-P-33.9 Where the county is not the urban public facility or service provider for unincorporated areas of UGAs, consider adopting an Interlocal Agreement with the appropriate service provider. Such agreements, when utilized, shall include the level of urban public facilities and services. Waterspout, Jefferson County LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 195 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Stormwater Management Goal LU-G-34 Minimize the adverse effects on ground and surface water quality and quantity and protect aquatic resources and habitats from stormwater runoff generated within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.1 Manage stormwater runoff in the urban growth area in compliance with the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan and Unified Development Code. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.2 Use the technical standards from the Washington Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington to manage stormwater within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.3 Develop and implement an Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Stormwater Management Program. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.4 Increase the public’s knowledge of stormwater runoff issues now and in future climate conditions and support public involvement in stormwater management by developing and implementing a Stormwater Management Public Education component of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Stormwater Management Program. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.5 Ensure the continued operation of stormwater management facilities by developing and implementing a Stormwater Management Facility Operation and Maintenance component of the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Stormwater Management Program. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.6 Ensure that stormwater management activities are effective by developing and implementing a Water Quality Monitoring and Stream Gauging component of the Irondale and Port Hadlock Stormwater Management Program. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.7 Develop a stable and equitable revenue source to fund the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Stormwater Management Program. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.8 Maintain an inventory of public and private stormwater management facilities within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and the unincorporated areas of the Port Townsend UGA. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 196 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy LU-P-34.9 Coordinate with State and local agencies and private landowners to plan, finance, and construct regional stormwater management facilities and to remediate existing stormwater management deficiencies. ▶ Policy LU-P-34.10 Minimize adverse stormwater impacts due to climate change and preserve aquifer recharge by encouraging Low Impact Development design strategies for both new and retrofit projects. Transportation Goal LU-G-35 Encourage efficient multimodal transportation systems in the urban growth area based on regional priorities and coordinated with county and city comprehensive plans to connect people from where they live to where they work, learn, and play. ▶ Policy LU-P-35.1 Encourage the use of roadway features that enhance urban qualities by applying urban standards as deemed appropriate in the urban growth area. Make these facilities safe and accessible for all modes of transport, including pedestrians and cyclists. ▶ Policy LU-P-35.2 Require that subdivision and commercial project designs address multimodal mobility concerns and opportunities for a variety of transportation needs. ▶ Policy LU-P-35.3 Develop a Complete Streets model to all new construction and redevelopment of roadways in the urban growth area to make roadways accessible for all users, including vehicles, bicyclists, public transportation vehicles and riders, and pedestrians of all ages and abilities. ▶ Policy LU-P-35.4 Expand regional multimodal travel options to connect with employment centers and essential services in the urban growth area. Refer to the Transportation Element, Goals TR-G-4 and TR-G-5. and Appendix C— Transportation Technical Appendix Refer to the Transportation Element, Policy TR-P-4.6. LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 197 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Green Space Planning in Urban Growth Area Goal LU-G-36 Identify and protect open space corridors within and abutting the urban growth area. ▶ Policy LU-P-36.1 Tie non-motorized transportation planning to urban open space planning and consider connectivity of urban/rural greenways. Identify open space lands and corridors and urban separators within urban growth areas, including lands useful for recreation, wildlife habitat, trails, and connection of critical areas per RCW 36.70A.160. ▶ Policy LU-P-36.2 Identify implementation strategies and regulatory and non-regulatory techniques to protect the corridors. ▶ Policy LU-P-36.3 Develop innovative ways to apply gross residential density in areas that have planned greenspace or critical area protection areas to minimize environmental impacts and preserve open space. ▶ Policy LU-P-36.4 Develop programs such as Transfer of Development Rights to create a market solution using urban growth area density to protect rural lands and resource areas from conversion. ▶ Policy LU-P-36.5 Explore the potential to conserve an open-space corridor along Chimacum Creek, such as through transfer of development rights and on-site density transfer for properties along the creek. Coordinate efforts with Jefferson Land Trust, Jefferson Conservation District preservation and restoration efforts, and Public Works wastewater treatment facility access planning efforts. See also Policy CE-P-2.5 in the Climate Element LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 198 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 1.5 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 1-27 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Land Use Element over the next ten years (prior to the next periodic update), several in partnership with other entities: Exhibit 1-27 Land Use Action Plan Action Description Implement Overlays Address Highway 20 View Corridor Overlay on Zoning Maps and UDC as appropriate. Work with economic development entities on a study and potential location for Highway/Commuter Corridor Overlay. Integrate healthy and active living into system plans and codes Implement goals and policies supporting active living and access to healthy foods, into development plans for the UGA, Non- Motorized Transportation & Recreation Plan, the PROS Plan, and into the Unified Development Code. Encourage urban densities in UGAs Address approved means of wastewater treatment that do not preclude future urban services. Consider adopting a mixed-use zone or mixed-use overlay to encourage vertical and horizontal mixed-use in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, particularly in the commercial core within the service area of the PHUGA Sewer System where existing and planned services are concentrated. Encourage legislative solutions to address needs of rural counties Support the Road Map initiative by the Ruckelshaus Center and other legislative initiatives that address needs of rural counties, particularly affordable housing and living wage jobs. Review LAMIRDs and add additional flexibility to boundaries and uses (particularly within the Rural Village Centers), meeting the GMA requirements. Seek legislative amendments to the GMA, where appropriate. Pursue infrastructure investments in the Rural Village Centers that support development but do not constitute urban levels of service. Economic Development Seek opportunities for additional economic development in Glen Cove. Prioritize Glen Cove and Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA as priority economic development areas. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. Refer to the Economic Development Element for additional information LAND USE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 199 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 200 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 2 Natural Resources Historically, Jefferson County was almost entirely a resource- extraction based economy. Today, large areas of Jefferson County remain in natural resource production, and the county must balance competing needs for rural economic development, housing capacity, and the long-term sustainability of forestry, agriculture, aquaculture, and mineral extraction activities. Efforts to protect resource lands include resource-based zoning and overlays, regional conservation stewardship programs, and public and private conservation easements. Jefferson County’s forests, agriculture, fish and shellfish are still vital to our community and must be managed and protected for future generations. Jefferson County This element supports the Vision Statement by conserving agricultural and forest working lands, shoreline and mountain vistas, and natural ecosystems, furthering the County’s rural character. Priorities support growing a robust rural economy with living wage jobs based on mining, forestry, and agriculture, manufacturing, and tourist and recreation-oriented services that benefit the county’s clean quality environment. The element also promotes community safety and well-being through access to nutritious local food, community services, and active recreation that empowers residents to make healthy choices and supports the agricultural economy. Connection to the Vision Statement NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 201 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 2.1 PURPOSE The purpose of the Natural Resources Element is to classify, protect and enhance the yield and function of Jefferson County’s natural resource lands. Because of the complexity of the issues associated with natural resource lands, several other elements of this Comprehensive Plan interact with the natural resource element: ▶ Land Use Element. Natural resource lands and industries are important components of the county’s rural character and economy. The abundance of natural resources provides a strong sense of place and supports the diverse mixture of livelihoods and lifestyles that make Jefferson County unique. A significant percentage of the land in Jefferson County is in natural resource production. To conserve these lands for productive use by natural resource-based industries, it is essential to maintain large contiguous parcels and ensure the compatibility of surrounding land uses. ▶ Environment Element. Natural resource lands provide important environmental functions, including surface water protection, habitat for a number of fish and wildlife species, ground water recharge, and carbon sequestration. Significant environmental features on natural resource lands are preserved using best management practices. ▶ Open Space, Parks, and Recreation Element. Forest and agricultural lands provide one aspect of Jefferson County’s open space network that provides important visual and ecological benefits. Recreation services offered by parklands, trails and open space are valuable to county residents and visitors alike because they provide opportunities for meeting social, recreational and cultural needs; economic development; historic and cultural preservation; and for community livability and high quality of life. Natural resource lands are preserved as essential components of the fabric of open space in Jefferson County. ▶ Economic Development Element. Natural resource industries continue to be important sectors of the county’s economy. Despite significant structural changes in these industries in recent decades, they remain essential to a diversified local economy. See the Economic Development Element for additional information about increasing resiliency in agriculture-based jobs by creating value-added products and connecting local goods with local markets. New policies to support and enhance these industries are proposed within this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Transportation Element. Criteria for agriculture zoning includes consideration of areas that are served by transportation infrastructure adequate to facilitate transport of agricultural goods to markets. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 202 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Regarding all natural resources, Transportation Goal TR-G-5 states to “ensure the transportation system in Jefferson County includes all modes of transportation, and encourages the efficient movement of goods, services, and passengers in coordination with a statewide system.” 2.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES Conditions & Trends Jefferson County is fortunate to claim a rich variety of natural resources, including forests, farmland, fisheries and shellfish beds; and deposits of sand, gravel, and minerals. Natural resource industries have played, and will continue to play, a central role in the culture, history, and economy of Jefferson County. These lands also provide aesthetic, recreational, and environmental benefits to the public while contributing to the diverse character of the county. To conserve these resource lands and ensure the continued commercial viability of these industries, three resource land designations have been developed. These designations address the specific needs of each resource industry and meet the guidelines provided by State law. The three major types of resource lands designations in Jefferson County are as follows: ▶ Forest Lands ▶ Mineral Lands ▶ Agricultural Lands — Aquaculture is also addressed along with upland forms of agriculture. Forest Lands Forest lands provide an important and abundant renewable resource in the form of timber, which is milled into lumber and used for the construction of buildings, and other important uses and functions, such as recreation, clean air, carbon sequestration, and clean water. Timber harvests also provide an important economic benefit to the county by providing jobs and revenue from timber sales, some of which is reserved for public school funding. Small forest land owners can also get help managing their lands for the conservation of natural resource NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 203 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 values and for producing value-added forest products, and with approved forest management plans, owners of timber land in single ownership, consisting of five or more acres, may receive a current use taxation tax break. According to the Jefferson County Assessor, approximately 158,545 acres are taxed based on a use classification as Designated Forest Land, and a further 186,686 acres are classified as Washington Department of Natural Resources managed timberlands, mostly in western Jefferson County. In total, these two classifications equal about 345,230 acres. These acreages exclude federal lands, which are not counted because they are outside of any state or local jurisdiction’s control. Of the total acreage zoned forest lands by Jefferson County (CF-80, RF- 40, IF), approximately 40% is privately held forest land and approximately 60% is in public ownership. Of the public ownership category, approximately 93% is owned by Washington Department of Natural Resources. A majority of the forest lands in East Jefferson County are privately owned (about 69%), and a majority of the forest lands in western Jefferson County are publicly owned (about 71%). Mineral Lands Mineral lands provide an important non-renewable resource in the form of sand, gravel, and hard rock basalt. These resources are used in a variety of applications, such as making concrete, restoring beaches, and providing gravel for roads. Mining interests have remarked that the county’s gravel deposits are of very high quality (ANSI “perfect”, a materials engineering standard from the American National Standards Institute), which means it is highly useful for roadway and other construction activities without further processing. Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) records 13 active surface mining permits in Jefferson County, primarily concentrated in eastern Jefferson County, though two are in western Jefferson County along the Hoh River. In addition to these sites under active production, the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has classified extensive areas in both the eastern and western county as potential source areas for sand and gravel based on soil characteristics. NRCS classifies each soil unit in its soil surveys as a “good,” “fair,” or “poor” source for these mineral resources. A breakdown of acres in each category for sand and gravel sources is shown in Exhibit 2-1. Exhibit 2-1 NRCS Potential Mineral Source Soils NRCS Mineral Source Acres Sand Related to western Jefferson County Related to western Jefferson County NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 204 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rating “Good” 10,890 Rating “Fair” 52,463 Subtotal 63,353 Gravel Rating “Good” 0 Rating “Fair” 84,645 Subtotal 84,645 Total 147,998 Source: USDA NRCS, 2025. These soils, which could potentially serve as source areas for future sand or gravel extraction, are mapped in Exhibit 2-5. Surface soil characteristics and other proxy indicators identify sub-surface geology providing initial data for mineral resource mapping. This preliminary information needs to be refined with other data sources. Much of Jefferson County’s Forest resources have potential mineral resource value. The forest resource designation provides another level of land use resource protection for unidentified mineral resources within the county. The Department of Community Development and mining interests have periodic discussions regarding mineral resource mapping and locations. Since the Jefferson County does not have financial resources to conduct independent geological surveys of county-specific resources, available state and federal data sources need to be considered along with ongoing public-private communications. As part of comprehensive planning under the GMA, a periodic review of potential mineral resource lands of long-term commercial significance is done by the county based upon our available data sources. While sand, gravel, and rock are currently the only mineral resources permitted for active surface extraction in Jefferson County, a variety of other minerals have been recorded in the county, including the following: ▶ Oil and Natural Gas: DNR has recorded the presence of 29 oil and natural gas wells in Jefferson County—all in western Jefferson County. These wells consist mostly of exploratory drillings, and records show generally poor oil and gas showings at most locations. Roughly half of these wells were drilled between 1930 and 1940, and no new wells have been drilled since 1981. None are known to be producing. ▶ Metallic Minerals: DNR metallic assay records show isolated occurrences of copper and gold on federal lands in the interior of the county, as well as Abbey Island on the Pacific coast. Manganese deposits have also been recorded in the eastern county, primarily NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 205 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 on federal lands and in the Dosewallips River valley. USGS Mineral Resources Data System shows 31 historical mineral mines (metallic and non-metallic) located in Jefferson County. ▶ Non-Metallic Minerals: DNR records also indicate scattered occurrences of non-metallic mineral resources, including diatomite (a chalky sedimentary rock), limestone, marble, quartz crystal, and peat. The recorded locations of these resources are mapped in Exhibit 2-5. Agricultural Lands Agricultural lands are an essential and valued part of Jefferson County’s food system, both for local production and export to other areas. To identify areas that are suitable for agricultural use, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) assigns classifications to farmland soils based on their physical and chemical characteristics and potential for production. Prime Farmland is land that has the best combination of characteristics for agricultural production and is not urban in nature. Farmland of Statewide Importance is quality farmland that does not meet the criteria to be classified as prime farmland, but still has the capability to produce high crop yields when managed appropriately. Exhibit 2-2 shows the acreage of each USDA farmland soil classification present in Jefferson County. Agricultural lands in Jefferson County are zoned either Prime Agricultural Lands (AP-20) or Agricultural Lands of Local Importance (AL-20). Agricultural zoning accounts for 7,490 acres or approximately 1.7% of all county zoning, including 4,287 acres of AP- 20 and 3,203 acres of AL-20 zoning (see the Land Use Element). The acres zoned are similar to the U.S. Census of Agriculture (2022) at 8,717 acres of land. The Washington State Department of Agriculture (2023) has found 29,350 acres of agricultural land with about 24,280 acres of shellfish production and about 5,070 acres of upland farming based on fields in production rather than parcels. Exhibit 2-2 Jefferson County Farmland Soil Classifications Farmland Soil Classification Acres Prime Farmland 35,544 Prime Farmland if drained 16,924 Prime Farmland if irrigated 3,751 Prime Farmland if drained and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season 796 Farmland of Statewide Importance 215,624 Total 272,640 Source: USDA NRCS, 2024. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 206 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Most of Jefferson County’s prime farmland soils are in the river valleys of western Jefferson County, particularly along the Hoh and Queets rivers, and in the coastal areas south of La Push. Prime Farmland soils in the eastern county are concentrated in the Dosewallips River valley near Brinnon, in the area around Quilcene, and in the area along Snow Creek between Discovery Bay and Crocker Lake. The Chimacum and Beaver Valley areas contain extensive soils that qualify as prime farmland if properly drained, and these areas are home to most of the county’s actively cultivated cropland. Eastern Jefferson County also possesses large areas designated as Farmland of Statewide Importance. While these soils may not possess the same physical and chemical characteristics as Prime Farmland soils, they are suited to many types of agricultural activities and represent a valuable potential resource. Aquaculture Resources According to the 2012 USDA Census of Agriculture, while the number of commercial aquaculture operations in Jefferson County was small, they accounted for more than half of the agricultural commodity value produced in the county. Aquaculture is a preferred, water-dependent use of regional and statewide interest that is important to the long- term economic viability, cultural heritage, and environmental health of Jefferson County. Water quality is both an input and output of Aquaculture. Aquaculture requires high water quality for growing and generally improves water quality when growers follow standard practices. Aquaculture includes commercial and recreational shellfish farming and harvesting, predominantly bivalve mollusk species. Upland fish farming is permitted per JCC Chapter 18.25. Fish hatcheries are operated by state, tribal and federal entities. Challenges & Opportunities Forest Lands Forestry has a long history in Jefferson County, and large areas of the unincorporated county are devoted to timber production. Forest resource-based industries at Gardiner and in western Jefferson County have been designated as Resource Based Industrial (RI) zones to recognize active sawmills and related activities at those sites. If an expansion of forest-based industrial activity occurs, additional RI zoning Refer also to the Land Use Element for additional information on natural resources and zoning NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 207 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 may be appropriate. It is a challenge to maintain the necessary level of forestry infrastructure with the cyclic nature of the forest industry. The forest industry also experiences challenges from changes in natural resource regulations or enforced regulations like the Endangered Species Act. New forest management strategies may also be necessitated by long-term changes in climate, resulting in moisture and fire frequency changes, as well as the need to increase carbon sequestration in forests to mitigate impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Navy’s Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration (REPI) program, has proposed to purchase lands and easements in strategic areas of Jefferson County, much of which are natural resource lands, in order to preempt types of future development that could conflict with critically important Navy missions. Jefferson County has continued interest in the REPI program, as available, and seeks to collaborate with the Navy to identify strategic areas that meet the dual intentions of the program. Mineral Resources Mineral resource extraction activities in Jefferson County are not widespread, but the county contains significant resources that should be protected for future use. A primary challenge associated with mineral resources is that many of the areas with potential extraction value also fall under the umbrella of agriculture or forest resource lands. At present, the Mineral Resource Lands overlay covers a relatively small area compared to the extent of potential mineral resources available in the county. This Comprehensive Plan includes policies to ensure that mineral lands of long-term significance are adequately protected for long-term use and management, even if they are not actively under production in the short-term. The county will also continue to refine its mineral lands inventory to capture all mineral resources of long-term significance. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 208 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Agriculture While agriculture is a vital part of Jefferson County’s economy and culture, barriers to the economic sustainability of farming in the county continue to arise. In recent years, the number of individual farms has trended upward, including a rise in total commodity values. However, sales have decreased per farm, as the local industry transitions towards smaller targeted farm operations. As land values continue to rise, starting and maintaining a productive, profitable farm is challenging for many Jefferson County farmers. An additional challenge, Water Resources Inventory Area 17 (WRIA-17), which is located primarily in Jefferson County, is considered by the State Department of Ecology to be one of the 16 critical “water short” basins in the State of Washington (Washington Department of Ecology, 2018). To ensure that agriculture remains an economically viable option for Jefferson County residents, ongoing planning efforts should fully leverage existing tools and resources and consider novel approaches to address the challenges faced by the county’s agricultural community, such as: ▶ Increasing enrollment in the Current Use Taxation Program to reduce property taxes; ▶ Additional agricultural conservation measures, such as new zoning overlays, agricultural production districts, or transfer of development rights programs; ▶ Innovative farm ownership and operation models, such as cluster development or cooperative farms; ▶ Water conservation and water banking possibilities in areas that may become water-limited. The large extent of local agriculture in Jefferson County makes us uniquely situated to provide healthy, local agricultural goods to our communities. This opportunity has been articulated in related elements of this Comprehensive Plan relating to local agricultural food products, opportunities for local markets, and our community’s access to healthy food as one component of a healthy lifestyle. See related information in the Economic Development Element. Jefferson County NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 209 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) is a community plan to address Jefferson County’s primary health priorities of: Access to Mental Health and Chemical Dependency Care; Chronic Disease Prevention; Access to Care; and Immunizations. The importance of this relationship between local agriculture and community access to healthy food is rooted in chronic disease prevention. According to the CHIP, “healthy eating and active living contribute to decreasing the risks of chronic diseases and the related health outcomes. Many social and environmental factors influence the diet and exercise choices individuals make: built environment, knowledge, skills, social support, policies, cost, access, safety, etc.” Policies of this Comprehensive Plan support the agricultural community in developing local food systems and local food partnerships. These, in turn, increase our community’s access to local, healthy food and improved health outcomes. The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) is addressed in the following Elements: Land Use Land Use & Public Health Natural Resources Open Space, Parks & Rec. Challenges & Opportunities Environment Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques Transportation Active Living Community Health Improvement Plan NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 210 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 2.3 NATURAL RESOURCES PLAN Under the GMA, designation and classification of resource lands should be approached as a county-wide or regional process, rather than a site- by-site determination. Of particular importance are lands of long-term commercial significance for forest, agriculture, and mineral lands. The GMA identifies resource lands activities and charges the Washington Department of Commerce with developing guidelines for their classification. Criteria for the designation of forest, mineral, and agricultural lands are established in RCW 36.70A.050 and Chapter 365- 190 WAC and summarized below by resource land type. Forest Lands Under the GMA, forest resources lands are designated or de-designated based on a comprehensive countywide analysis consistent with WAC 365-190-040(10) and the following three factors (WAC 365-190-060):30 ▶ The land is not already characterized by urban growth. ▶ The land is capable of being used for forestry production or is already in use for this purpose. ▶ The land has long-term commercial significance, determined using the Washington Department of Revenue private forest land grade classification system. The county must also consider the effects of proximity to population areas and the possibility of more intense uses of the land consistent with WAC 365-190-060(4). The county may also consider secondary benefits from retaining commercial forestry operations, such as protecting air and water quality, maintaining adequate aquifer recharge areas, reducing forest fire risks, supporting tourism and access to recreational opportunities, providing carbon sequestration benefits, and improving wildlife habitat and connectivity for upland species. These secondary benefits from retaining commercial forestry operations are not used alone as a basis for designating or de-designating forest resource lands. To conserve the forest resource land base in Jefferson County and maintain the forestry industry while recognizing the diversity of forest 30 See https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/law/wsr/2023/08/23-08-037.htm. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 211 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 landowners, Jefferson County has established the following forestry zoning districts: ▶ Commercial Forest Lands (CF-80): The purpose of the commercial forest district is to ensure large tracts of forest lands of long-term significance are protected from incompatible uses thereby sustaining the ability of forest resource extraction activities to be maintained as a viable commercial activity. ▶ Rural Forest Lands (RF-40): The purpose of the rural forest district is to ensure forest lands of long-term significance are protected from incompatible uses thereby sustaining the ability of forest resource extraction activities to be maintained as a viable commercial activity, while allowing for diversity in the size of forest tracts. ▶ Inholding Forest Lands (IF): This district encompasses parcels at least 20 acres in size that are entirely surrounded by designated forest resource lands. While important for the preservation of forestry lands, lands in the IF zone are not necessarily forest lands of long-term significance due to their smaller parcel sizes (20 acres). Together, these three zoning districts account for more than 76% of unincorporated areas in Jefferson not under Federal, State, or Tribal jurisdiction. Exhibit 2-3 shows a breakdown of acreage in each of the forest lands zones and forest resource lands are mapped in Exhibit 2-4. Exhibit 2-3 Forest Lands Zoning (2025) Zoning District Acres Commercial Forest (CF-80) 309,059 Rural Forest (RF-40) 12,021 Inholding Forest (IF-20) 7,121 Total 328,200 Source: Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. Development Regulations governing the designation of forest land, types of forest land zoning, the allowed uses within forest land zones, as well as performance standards for these lands can be found in the Jefferson County Code, sections 18.15, 18.20, and 18.45. Exhibit 2-4 Map of Forest Resource Lands (2025) NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 212 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County GIS, 2025; BERK, 2025. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 213 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Mineral Lands Under the GMA, mineral resource lands are designated or de- designated based on the following criteria (WAC 365-190-070): ▶ Counties and cities classify mineral resource lands based on geologic, environmental, and economic factors, existing land uses, and land ownership. It is expected that mineral resource lands will be depleted of minerals over time, and that subsequent land uses may occur on these lands after mining and reclamation is completed. Counties and cities may approve and permit land uses on these mineral resource lands to occur after mining is completed. The county may de-designate mineral resource lands without a comprehensive countywide analysis if mining operations have ceased and the site reclaimed.31 ▶ Counties and cities should classify lands with potential long-term commercial significance for extracting at least the following minerals: Sand, gravel, and valuable metallic substances. Other minerals may be classified as appropriate. ▶ When classifying these areas, counties and cities should use maps and information on location and extent of mineral deposits provided by the Washington Department of Natural Resources, the United States Geological Service and any relevant information provided by property owners. Counties and cities may also use all or part of a detailed minerals classification system developed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources. ▶ Classifying mineral resource lands should be based on the geology and the distance to market of potential mineral resource lands, including: — Physical and topographic characteristics of the mineral resource site, including the depth and quantity of the resource and depth of the overburden; — Physical properties of the resource including quality and type; — Projected life of the resource; — Resource availability in the region; and — Accessibility and proximity to the point of use or market. ▶ Other factors to consider when classifying potential mineral resource lands should include three aspects of mineral resource lands: — The ability to access needed minerals may be lost if suitable mineral resource lands are not classified and designated; and 31 See https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/law/wsr/2023/08/23-08-037.htm. Jefferson County NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 214 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 — The effects of proximity to population areas and the possibility of more intense uses of the land in both the short and long- term, as indicated by the following:  General land use patterns in the area;  Availability of utilities, including water supply;  Surrounding parcel sizes and surrounding uses;  Availability of public roads and other public services; and  Subdivision or zoning for urban or small lots. — Energy costs of transporting minerals. The GMA also requires that counties evaluate future needs for mineral resources and ensure that access to mineral resources of long-term commercial significance is not knowingly precluded. Mineral extraction should be a priority land use for all designated mineral resource lands. Jefferson County has designated mineral resource lands as an overlay to the underlying land use designation. An overlay is used because mining operations are eventually depleted, and sites are restored for other uses, and thus the Mineral Lands designation is not permanent. Upon completion of mining operations and following the reclamation of the site, the overlay is removed, and the site is subject to the underlying land use designation depicted on the Land Use map. Mineral resource lands are mapped in Exhibit 2-5. To be designated as new mineral resource lands for future extraction, lands must have the following characteristics: ▶ They appear to contain the resource, based upon information supplied by the Washington Department of Natural Resources; ▶ They are not primarily constrained by critical areas, for example, the 100-year flood plain or high-quality wetland areas; and, ▶ They are at least 80 acres in size, of which one forty (40) acre parcel or two twenty (20) acre parcels are currently vacant. The Mineral Resource Lands overlay currently covers approximately 2,339 acres, mostly in the eastern county, which represents less than 2% of the NRCS mineral source soils mapped in Jefferson County. Most of the county’s potential gravel source lands are in the Commercial Forest (CF-80) zone, and sand source lands are concentrated primarily in the Commercial Forest (CF-80) and Rural Residential (RR-20) zones. Development regulations governing the classification and designation of mineral lands, allowed and prohibited uses, and performance and development standards for these lands can be found in the Jefferson County Code, sections 18.15, 18.20, 18.30, and 18.45. Exhibit 2-5 Map of Mineral Resource Lands (2025) NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 215 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: USDA NRCS, 2024; Washington DNR, 2025; Jefferson County GIS, 2025; BERK, 2025. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 216 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Agricultural Lands Agriculture is not just important as a resource but is essential to modern human life. Not only does the GMA mandate the protection of agricultural lands, farmland conservation is a centerpiece of that legislation. Under the GMA, agricultural resource lands are designated or de-designated based on the following criteria (WAC 365-190-050 and based on a comprehensive countywide analysis consistent with WAC 365-190- 040(10)):32 ▶ The land should not already be characterized by urban growth. ▶ The land is being used or is capable of being used for agricultural production. Factors to consider include whether the physical conditions are well-suited to agriculture. Soil conditions are important considerations, but some agricultural operations are less dependent on soil quality than others. — Lands currently used for agriculture and those capable of being used for such must be evaluated for designation, and land enrolled in federal conservation programs is recommended for inclusion. — The land capability classification system of the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service shall serve as a primary indicator of agricultural capability. ▶ The land has long-term commercial significance for agricultural production. Counties and cities should consider the following factors, as applicable: — Presence of prime and unique farmland soils and farmlands of statewide importance; — Availability of public facilities and services; — Water availability; — Tax status, such as enrollment in a current use taxation program; — Relationship or proximity to urban growth areas, — Predominant parcel size which may include smaller parcels if contiguous with other agricultural resource lands; — Land use settlement patterns and compatibility with agriculture, including intensity of nearby land uses and history of nearby development permits; — Value of the land under alternative uses; and — Proximity to markets. 32 See also https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/law/wsr/2023/08/23-08-037.htm. “It ought to be obvious that in order to have sustainable agriculture, you have got to make sustainable the lives and livelihoods of the people who do the work. The land cannot thrive if the people who are its users and caretakers do not thrive. Ecological sustainability requires a complex local culture as the preserver of the necessary knowledge and skill; and this in turn requires a settled, stable, prosperous local population of farmers and other land users.” —Wendell Berry, Author, from “Bringing It to the Table: On Farming and Food” Importance of Agriculture Resources NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 217 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County is committed to protecting limited agricultural lands, as well as promoting agriculture as the key component of a strong local food system, which has multiple benefits to the economy, emergency preparedness, health of the local community, and ecosystem services. Successful, commercial agriculture can be practiced on many types of soils, through a variety of environmentally sound means, on small parcels as well as large, and in all zoning classifications in the county. Small ventures that simply augment family income are valuable to both the land owner and the whole community. Agricultural lands are mapped in Exhibit 2-6. To conserve the agricultural resource land base in Jefferson County and maintain the farming industry while recognizing the diversity of agricultural land owners, Agricultural Lands of Long-Term Commercial Significance consist of two designations: ▶ Prime Agricultural Lands (AP-20)—The purpose of the prime agricultural lands zoning classification is to protect and preserve areas of prime agricultural soils for the continued production of commercial crops, livestock, or other agricultural products requiring relatively large tracts of agricultural land. It is intended to preserve and protect the land, environment, economy, and lifestyle of agriculture in Jefferson County. These lands must be protected as “agricultural lands of long-term commercial significance.” — Criteria for Designation: AP-20  Meet all criteria for agricultural production capability established in WAC 365-190-050 and consist, in substantial proportion, of land with prime agricultural soils as defined by the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Soil Survey of Jefferson County, Washington; and  Is located in rural areas served by transportation infrastructure adequate to facilitate transport of agricultural goods to market; and  Is in an area characterized by a substantial proportion of undeveloped parcels of land 20 acres or greater in size; and  Is outside of any area designated as Master Planed Resort (MPR) or Urban Growth Area (UGA); and  Is in an area where no existing land uses are present that would seriously interfere with the successful long-term practice of a range of agricultural activities; and  Does not include land currently designated Rural Forest (RF-40) presently in a parcel size 40 acres or larger, or Commercial Forest (CF-80) or Inholding Forest (IF). ▶ Agricultural Lands of Local Importance (AL-20)—The purpose of the agricultural lands of local importance is to protect and preserve parcels of land which, while not necessarily consisting of prime Refer to Transportation Element, Goal TR-G-5 NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 218 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 agriculture soil or relatively large acreage, are still considered important to the local agricultural economy, lifestyle, and environment. As such they deserve protection as “agricultural lands of long-term commercial significance. To preserve and stimulate agricultural diversity and to maintain an undeveloped land base for future agricultural use, the owner of a parcel may petition the county for designation as Agricultural Land of Local Importance. When the owner of a parcel or an aggregate of parcels petitions successfully for rezone to agriculture, the land shall be considered Agricultural Land of Long-Term Commercial Significance, and as such, it shall be afforded the rights and protections of natural resource land. — Criteria for Designation: AL-20  The land is located away from existing land uses that would interfere with agricultural practices; and  The land is located outside any area designated as Master Planed Resort (MPR) or Urban Growth Area (UGA) and is not characterized by urban development; and  The land is physically and topographically suitable for the practice of commercial agriculture; and  Is located in rural areas served by transportation infrastructure adequate to facilitate transport of agricultural goods to market; and  If currently designated as Rural Forest (RF-40), the land is already divided into 20-acre or smaller parcels; and  The land is not currently designated as Commercial Forest (CF-80) or Inholding Forest (IF). Development regulations governing the designation of agricultural lands, the allowed and prohibited uses, as well as performance and development standards for these lands can be found in the Jefferson County Code, chapter 18.15, chapter 18.20 and chapter 18.30 JCC. Agricultural activities, as a use of land, are considered a matter of right in all land use zones and not subject to land use permits or approval from the administrator. Agricultural zoning is implemented using the criteria above, and agricultural zoning is not allowed by the GMA in urban growth areas. Examples of the types of agricultural-related activities regulated under JCC 18.20.030 and permittable on Agricultural zoned land include: ▶ Agricultural-related accessory uses that support, promote, or sustain agricultural operations and production such as, — Storage and refrigeration of regional agricultural products; NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 219 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 — Production, sales, and marketing of value-added agricultural products derived from regional sources; — Supplemental sources of on-farm income that support and sustain on-farm agricultural operations and production; — Support services that facilitate the production, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products; and — Off-farm and on-farm sales and marketing of predominantly regional agricultural products and experiences, locally made art and arts and crafts, and ancillary retail sales or service activities. ▶ Permanent and/or seasonal farm worker housing. ▶ Agritourism. Agriculturally related activities designed to bring the public to the farm on a temporary or continuous basis, such as U- Pick farm sales, retail sales of farm products, farm mazes, pumpkin patch sales, farm animal viewing and petting, wagon rides, farm tours, horticultural nurseries and associated display gardens, cider pressing, wine or cheese tasting, etc. ▶ Classes and Schools related to agriculture. ▶ Veterinary clinics and hospitals. ▶ Farm Restaurants. ▶ Campgrounds. ▶ Tourist lodging. ▶ Guide services. ▶ Commercial display gardens. Agricultural zoned land is also eligible to participate in the county’s Open Space Tax Program for reduced property tax rates. Owners of agricultural land can receive technical assistance from the Jefferson County Conservation District, and Washington State University (WSU) Extension. Exhibit 2-6 Map of Agricultural Resource Lands (2024) NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 220 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: USDA NRCS, 2024; Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 221 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Aquaculture Resources Because land use activities upslope of aquatic areas can affect water quality and other parameters of a healthy aquatic system, the county recognizes the importance of responsibly managing land adjacent to commercially designated aquaculture resource areas, as well as subsistence and recreational harvest areas. The Department of Commerce does not issue guidelines for the classification of aquaculture resource lands. However, the GMA does define agriculture as including finfish in upland hatcheries in RCW 36.70A.030(2): “…land primarily devoted to the commercial production of horticultural, viticultural, floricultural, dairy, apiary, vegetable, or animal products or berries, grain, hay, straw, turf, seed, Christmas trees not subject to the excise tax imposed by RCW 84.33.100 through 84.33.140, finfish in upland hatcheries, or livestock, and that has long-term commercial significance for agricultural production.” (RCW 36.70A.030(2)) Because aquaculture is a water-dependent use primarily located in shoreline areas, policies and development regulations related to aquaculture are addressed in the county’s Shoreline Master Program (JCC Jefferson County’s SMP identifies aquaculture as an important water dependent use along shorelines for its rural economy as well as to ensure it develops in a sustainable manner. An excerpt of policies includes: 18.25.440 (1) (a) Aquaculture is a preferred, water-dependent use of regional and statewide interest that is important to the long-term economic viability, cultural heritage and environmental health of Jefferson County. (b) The county should support aquaculture uses and developments that: (i) Protect and improve water quality; and (ii) Minimize damage to important nearshore habitats; and (iii) Minimize interference with navigation and normal public use of surface waters; and (iv) Minimize the potential for cumulative adverse impacts, such as those resulting from in-water structures/apparatus/ equipment, land-based facilities, and substrate disturbance/modification (including rate, frequency, and spatial extent). (c) When properly managed, aquaculture can result in long-term ecological and economic benefits. The county should engage in coordinated planning to identify potential aquaculture areas and assess long- term needs for aquaculture. This includes working with the Department of Fish and Wildlife (DFW), the Department of Natural Resources (DNR), area tribes and shellfish interests to identify areas that are suitable for aquaculture and protect them from uses that would threaten aquaculture’s long-term sustainability. More detailed policies are included in the SMP about aquaculture location and operation. Aquaculture in Shorelines NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 222 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 18.25.440). The SMP includes several policies noting the importance of aquaculture and how it may be developed and operated in an environmentally sensitive and economically viable manner. Upland aquaculture outside shoreline jurisdiction is governed by the county’s zoning code. Upland aquaculture may qualify as agriculture of long-term significance according to criteria in WAC 365-190. 2.4 GOALS & POLICIES The goals outlined below provide a general direction for both the conservation of Jefferson County’s natural resource lands and the enhancement of resource-based industries. These goals are based on the requirements of the GMA, which outlines specific criteria for the conservation of natural resource lands element, and on the issues and opportunities identified by county residents. The Natural Resource lands policies will provide the basis for a review of the development regulations for resource lands listed in JCC 18.15.020, including agricultural resource lands, forest resource lands, mineral lands; and other regulations as implementing activities of this Comprehensive Plan. Goal NR-G-1 Encourage the conservation and long-term sustainable use of resource lands so their continued future use will not be precluded by other uses; and encourage the long-term sustainability of natural resource- based economic activities throughout Jefferson County. ▶ Policy NR-P-1.1 Support resource-based economic activities that comply with applicable federal, state, and local regulations. ▶ Policy NR-P-1.2 Support cooperative resource management among natural resource landowners, environmental groups, state, federal and tribal governments. Plan in coordination with Tribes for natural resource areas that overlap tribal boundaries or with a tribal interest. ▶ Policy NR-P-1.3 Consider incentive programs to support resource- based economic activities in rural areas. ▶ Policy NR-P-1.4 Locate natural resource-based economic activities throughout rural areas in close proximity to designated agricultural, forest or mineral resource lands upon which they are dependent. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 223 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy NR-P-1.5 As part of this Comprehensive Plan Update Periodic Review Process under the GMA, regularly review and update the inventories and designations of forest, mineral, and agricultural resource lands of long-term commercial significance in Jefferson County to ensure that all such designated lands meet requirements of state law, and are available into the future. ▶ Policy NR-P-1.6 Encourage non-agricultural uses to be located on lands with poor soils or otherwise not suitable for agricultural purposes. Goal NR-G-2 Encourage resource-based economic activities, including markets for ecosystem services, that are compatible with environmental quality. ▶ Policy NR-P-2.1 Ensure resource-based practices do not cause cumulative adverse impacts, and ensure they mitigate adverse impacts to the environment and adjacent properties. ▶ Policy NR-P-2.2 Work with stakeholders in cooperative processes to evaluate direct, quantifiable ecosystem services provided by Jefferson County’s natural resources, the prospects of participating in economic markets for these services, and the county’s role in developing markets. Participate with existing broad-scale planning groups that define uniform standards, characterize and locate areas providing ecosystem services, describe their economic value, examine prospects for markets; and participate at a county level to provide market-based conservation and stewardship-based land use plans and actions. ▶ Policy NR-P-2.3 Explore and implement incentives that encourage compliance with "best management practices" by resource-based economic activities. Goal NR-G-3 Conserve and protect Forest Resource Lands for long-term economic use and environmental and health benefits. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.1 Encourage the continued diversity and scale of forestry lands and management practices, and the full utilization of forest lands as a natural, environmental, carbon sink, and economic resource. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.2 Consider parcels designated as Forest Land in common ownership separated by a public right-of-way as a single parcel. Carolyn Gallaway NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 224 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy NR-P-3.3 Allow commercial forest management and harvest, mineral extraction, sand and gravel operations, and inert landfills, consistent with State law, on designated commercial forest lands. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.4 Support and facilitate the improvement of state and local environmental regulations affecting the forest products industry in order to improve operational predictability, minimize regulatory costs to forest land owners, and encourage protection of the forest environment and surrounding watersheds. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.5 Promote the concept and practice of community forestry, where forest landowners are assisted in properly managing their forests for conservation and natural resource value and climate mitigation (e.g., carbon sequestration), as well as value-added economic development. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.6 Encourage small forest land owners to use the Washington Department of Natural Resources Small Forest Land Office and other educational and management assistance providers, to help forest land owners manage their property. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.7 Promote the use and experimentation of new forest management practices through the DNR and University of Washington School of Forestry’s Olympic Natural Resources Center in Forks. ▶ Policy NR-P-3.8 Recognize and support Firewise and similar programs as part of any educational or management effort to prevent fire destruction, promote the conservation of forest lands, and promote climate resiliency. Prioritize opportunities to work with traditionally underserved communities or vulnerable populations. Goal NR-G-4 Minimize potential conflicts between forest management activities and land use activities within or adjacent to designated forest lands. ▶ Policy NR-P-4.1 Restrict the extension of service areas of utility local improvement districts, fire districts, or sewer, water, or public utility districts into designated Forest Lands. ▶ Policy NR-P-4.2 Cooperate with the Washington Department of Natural Resources, forest landowners, and the general public in management of forest lands. Jefferson County Refer to Climate Element, Goal CE-G-15 NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 225 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal NR-G-5 Encourage the continuation of forestry on lands which are not designated as commercial forest resource lands. ▶ Policy NR-P-5.1 Endorse the use of Forest Management Plans and the planting of a diversity of native trees that would be expected to survive based on existing and projected future environmental conditions and, to the extent possible, that are resistant to laminated root rot. Goal NR-G-6 Conserve and protect Mineral Resource Lands for long-term economic use, while providing for mitigation of potential adverse impacts associated with mineral extraction and processing operations. ▶ Policy NR-P-6.1 Work with Washington Department of Natural Resources to develop standards and guidelines to identify and address the impact of mining operations on adjoining properties. Conditions placed on mining uses should not have the intent of rendering mining operations economically unfeasible. ▶ Policy NR-P-6.2 Evaluate small mining operations to determine when the cumulative impact of small operations becomes a significant adverse impact upon the land or upon adjacent lands. ▶ Policy NR-P-6.3 Preserve water resource quality and quantity now and under future climate conditions in the regulation of mineral extraction activities. ▶ Policy NR-P-6.4 Designate mineral resource lands as follows: — Mineral Lands of Long-Term Commercial Significance: Properties that have been approved with a mineral resource lands overlay consistent with JCC 18.15.170 and those properties actively being mined for commercial production in compliance with State and Jefferson County permits, as appropriate. — Provisional Mineral Lands: Areas known to be potential sources of valuable mineral resources, including sand, gravel, stone, or rock, but not included in the MRLO overlay and not in production. These areas include:  Maps and information provided by the Washington Department of Natural Resources, the United States Geological Service, and any relevant information provided by property owners;  Lands classified by NRCS as “good” sources of sand, gravel, or road fill material; and NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 226 Public Hearing Draft June 2026  Lands classified by NRCS as “fair” sources of sand, gravel, or road fill material, and which are located outside cities and urban growth areas. ▶ Policy NR-P-6.5 The provisional mineral resource designation is an interim measure to protect mineral resources until the presence of a commercially viable mineral deposit can be verified through a geologic study. — Property owners who wish to finalize designation of their property and undertake mining activities may submit a study by a qualified geologist indicating the presence of commercially significant, accessible mineral resources and request a mineral lands overlay. Likewise, property owners may request removal of their property from the provisional mineral lands designation by submitting a study from a qualified geologist confirming the absence of such resources. — The county may evaluate whether non-mineral lands activities on the provisionally designated areas may foreclose the potential for mineral extraction and request a study of development applicants. The county may condition uses to ensure that significant deposits are not foreclosed over the long term. Goal NR-G-7 Ensure, through Washington Department of Natural Resources reclamation plans, that Jefferson County mineral resource lands are restored to safe and useful condition with enhancement and mitigation of damage to the function and aesthetics of the environment and subsequent land uses. ▶ Policy NR-P-7.1 Ensure that Jefferson County-required reclamation plans preserve the safety, function and value of adjacent lands including aesthetic and environmental and water resource values. ▶ Policy NR-P-7.2 Encourage reclamation plans that provide enhanced public value such as parks, playgrounds, open space, trails, wetlands, and fish and wildlife habitat. ▶ Policy NR-P-7.3 Encourage reclamation that occurs on an ongoing basis as mineral deposits are depleted. Jefferson County NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 227 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal NR-G-8 Conserve and protect the agricultural land base and its associated economy and lifestyle. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.1 Support the conservation of agricultural land through prioritization and protection of parcels large enough to maintain viability of agricultural use, tax incentive programs, the purchase or transfer of development rights, Option to Purchase at Agricultural Values (OPAV), and other methods developed in cooperation with agricultural landowners and managers and stakeholders. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.2 Coordinate with local, state and federal agencies and organizations to encourage conservation of productive agricultural land through best management practices that support soil and water conservation, drainage control, livestock waste management, and climate resiliency. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.3 Investigate water conservation and water banking possibilities in areas that may become water-limited as climate change impacts such as drought threaten water availability. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.4 Support the preservation of family-owned farms by discouraging the conversion of these lands to other uses. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.5 Support the work of Washington State University Cooperative Extension, and the Jefferson County Conservation District, for technical and marketing assistance for small-scale commercial farmers. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.6 Collaborate with partners to assess likely impacts of climate change on agriculture, develop mitigation and adaptation strategies suited to Jefferson County’s soils and farm economy, and improve climate resiliency and food security within the county’s agricultural systems. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.7 Consider an Agricultural Production District overlay for lands in cultivation that are not zoned for agriculture to promote continued production and flexible tools, such as clustering. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.8 Analyze the benefits and feasibility of new or revised development regulations to implement cluster development in rural and resource areas, such as in association with cooperative/joint ownership farming operations. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.9 In lieu of subdividing agricultural zoned lands, explore innovative zoning techniques, as described under RCW 36.70A.177, to help facilitate the availability of more affordable farm land and create opportunities to expand the market for local food. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 228 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy NR-P-8.10 Consider incentives or zoning allowances that support current and new generation farmers with access to land and housing. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.11 Allow for value-added, agriculturally related, accessory commercial or educational uses on working farms including agritourism that support the primary agricultural activity of the land and its economic viability, consistent with RCW 36.70A.177. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.12 Strengthen Jefferson County’s local food system, including access to fresh produce. Explore additional partnering opportunities with local farmers, farmers markets, and food banks to increase access in remote communities of the county. ▶ Policy NR-P-8.13 Review agricultural zoning policy to optimize local food generation capacity. Goal NR-G-9 Conserve and protect lands covered with water, aquaculture resources and the lands that sustain them, and associated facilities in order to ensure a long- term commercial and recreational resource base. ▶ Policy NR-P-9.1 Refer to the Shoreline Management Plan, JCC 18.25.440(1) for all policies related to aquaculture in Jefferson County. ▶ Policy NR-P-9.2 Minimize potential conflicts between commercially designated aquaculture resource areas and uses and adjacent land use activities. Apply appropriate shoreline master program policies and development regulations to address water dependent uses and ecological conservation. ▶ Policy NR-P-9.3 Support the development of climate resilient multi- tier aquaculture such as combined seaweed and shellfish production. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 229 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 2.5 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 2-7 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Natural Resources Element over the next eight years (prior to the next periodic update), several in partnership with other entities: Exhibit 2-7 Natural Resources Action Plan Action Description Forest Resource Lands Forest Health and Resilience Implement climate adaptation actions to address forest health and resilience, as well as actions to increase carbon sequestration consistent with the countywide sequestration goal. Mineral Resource Lands Mineral Lands Inventory and Assessment When new mapping becomes available from federal, state, or local sources, conduct a detailed review of available data on mineral resources in Jefferson County, including assessment of economic impact of mineral extraction and projected future needs. Establish an updated baseline inventory of lands to be protected for future mineral resource extraction. If new data and review warrants, refine and expand mineral lands overlay to capture all areas of long-term commercial significance. Agricultural Lands Conservation Agricultural Use Regulation Review Evaluate current development regulations for agricultural activities and accessory uses including agritourism and other innovative techniques per RCW 36.70A.177 to address land supply and affordability challenges for local farmers. Agricultural Community Outreach Continue and strengthen communication with Jefferson County agricultural producers, including the Jefferson County Climate Action Committee Local Food System Group regarding innovative methods to grow the local agricultural economy and conserve farmland. Agricultural Lands Resilience Implement climate adaptation actions to address agricultural viability and resilience. Local Food Systems and Public Health Local Food Partnerships Work with the Jefferson County Local Food System Council, Jefferson County Public Health Department, Community Health Improvement Plan, local schools, Peninsula Food Coalition and other community groups to identify opportunities to strengthen Jefferson County’s local food system. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. NATURAL RESOURCES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 230 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 231 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 3 Housing Jefferson County continues to exist as a rural region that provides ideal lands for outdoor recreation, conservation, and resource- based jobs. While the approximately 34,500 residents highly value this enviable “quality of life,” there is an existing and growing lack of affordable housing for many sectors of the population, especially for moderate-, low-, very low-income, and extremely low-income households. Since 2020, the average annual growth rate has been 0.5% countywide and 0.4% in the unincorporated areas only. This is lower than the decade prior (2010–2020) where the average annual growth rate was 1.0% both countywide and in the unincorporated areas. Even with the currently lower growth rate, the shortage of attainable housing is not reconciled. The condition of average housing prices being beyond what average wages can attain has been documented over the last two decades in state and local reports, including the Port Townsend/Jefferson County Housing Action Plan (2006) and more recently in this element and Appendix E. Despite a general national recovery from the Great Recession, defined by the period of 2007-2009, rural areas nationally had a slower and longer recovery period that stretched well into 2012, with complete recovery unlikely to happen in some communities at all. Unemployment rates in the county continued to decline leading up to 2020 but spiked during at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which Carolyn Gallaway This element supports the Vision Statement by supporting affordable and attainable housing across incomes, abilities, and ages through innovations and flexibility in housing. The element encourages a variety of housing options that benefits overall community vitality and offer opportunities for all residents to thrive. Connection to the Vision Statement HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 232 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 had profound effects on the labor market in Jefferson County (see the Economic Development Element for more info). As the lack of affordable housing grows, we must consider a growing list of interrelated factors that influence affordable housing outcomes beyond just housing stock. To develop appropriate housing policies for Jefferson County, this element considers a few of these factors such as jobs, displacement and exclusion, racially disparate impacts (RDI) in housing, and the influence of vacation rentals and seasonal homes on housing stock. 3.1 PURPOSE The purpose of the Housing Element is to ensure the vitality of residential neighborhoods and ensure a variety of housing is available to meet the needs of all economic segments of the community now and in the future. Existing residential patterns and development trends, demographic trends, projected population growth, and housing types typically affordable at various income levels provide the basis for this assessment. Considering significant and growing gaps in rural economic development and affordable and available housing, the Housing Element closely aligns with the: ▶ Economic Development Element: lower- and moderately-priced housing, as well as permanently affordable housing, is critical to support job creation and expansion. ▶ Capital Facilities & Utilities Element and Transportation Element: additional housing is best planned for where there are existing or planned utilities, transit/transportation routes. and other community levels of service. ▶ Land Use Element: land use districts and development regulations are key to supporting housing goals and policies. This element addresses the range of housing opportunities and the challenges that confront Jefferson County in providing a variety of affordable housing options now and over the 20-year planning period. The county will work cooperatively with public and private housing providers to encourage and maintain safe and sufficient housing stock and encourage the siting and development of affordable housing. Consistent with RCW 36.70A.070, key components of this element include: ▶ An inventory of housing needs, including permanent supportive and emergency housing. ▶ Evaluation of land capacity to meet needs. ▶ Review of the county’s housing and jobs balance. ▶ Displacement risk and anti-displacement measures. ▶ Racially disparate impacts and measures to undo impacts. Refer to Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban and related goals and policies Refer to Transportation Element, Non-motorized Trail & Standards HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 233 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Adequate provisions for identified needs and removal of identified barriers. 3.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES Jefferson County’s existing housing condition and future needs are detailed in Appendix E. The appendix includes an analysis of displacement risk and racially disparate impacts and considers adopted housing targets in relation to capacity, barriers, and adequate provisions needed to address identified barriers. The community profile in this appendix also includes a summary of the county’s current population and workforce, household characteristics, and inventories of existing housing supply and affordability. Housing Stock As of 2023, there were an estimated 19,481 housing units in Jefferson County including 13,677 in unincorporated areas. Exhibit 3-1 breaks down the housing inventory by housing type for the unincorporated areas. About three-quarters (76%) of all units in unincorporated Jefferson County are detached single family homes, which is typical in rural counties, particularly a county that attracts investments in second homes for retirement. The remaining quarter of units is comprised almost entirely of manufactured homes and about 3% of the overall housing stock is comprised of duplexes or multi-family units.33 As of 2023, OFM estimates there are nearly 3,000 manufactured homes in unincorporated Jefferson County. Manufactured and mobile home communities are located outside of the City of Port Townsend, with a concentration of communities in the unincorporated communities of Irondale and Port Hadlock. There are also manufactured home communities in Quilcene, Brinnon, Mats Mats, and in West Jefferson County. Accessory dwelling units (ADUs) are allowed in all residential zones in the unincorporated areas though the exact contribution of ADUs to overall housing stock in the county is not known. According to OFM, no ADUs were permitted in unincorporated Jefferson County 33 WA State Office of Financial Management (OFM), Postcensal Estimates of Housing Units, April 1, 2020 – April 1, 2023. Middle Housing: Buildings that are compatible in scale and form with detached houses and contain two or more attached, stacked, or clustered homes including duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, townhouses, courtyard apartments, and cottage housing. Emergency Housing: Temporary indoor accommodations for individuals or families who are unhoused or at imminent risk of becoming unhoused. Emergency Shelter: A facility that provides a temporary shelter for individuals or families who are currently unhoused. Permanent Supportive Housing: Subsidized, leased housing with no limit on length of stay paired with voluntary services to help residents, who were unhoused or at risk of becoming unhoused, retain their housing and be a successful tenant. See also RCW 36.70A.030 for full definitions. Key Housing Terms HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 234 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 between 2010 and 2020 and a total of 11 units were permitted in the unincorporated county between 2021 and 2023 (3 each in 2021 and 2022 and 5 in 2023) with 3 units each built in 2021 and 2022.34 Exhibit 3-1 Housing Inventory (2023)—Unincorporated Jefferson County Note: OFM data groups detached and attached single family homes, so townhomes are typically classified as “single family.” Sources: OFM, 2023; BERK, 2024. Housing development at higher densities in the unincorporated areas are possible in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Urban housing densities, however, were historically stymied by a lack of municipal wastewater treatment. The PHUGA Sewer System began operation on September 9, 2025., the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA will be able to support new affordable housing, medical facilities, higher density multifamily residences, and senior housing as well as commercial and industrial development within areas where the PHUGA Sewer System is available, as defined in JCC 13.02.010, namely within 200 feet of an existing sewer collection line via public rights-0f-way, utility easements or some other route at the discretion of the Public Works Director.. The City of Port Townsend and the Port Ludlow MPR are the only two other communities that have LOS standards that would accommodate the density, services, and other criteria for locating multifamily residential housing. 34 OFM, 2023. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 235 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Existing housing in Port Hadlock. Jefferson County contains a predominately rural residential land use pattern and allows single-family dwellings throughout a majority of the county. The Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort (MPR), future Pleasant Harbor MPR, Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, and Rural Village Centers of Brinnon and Quilcene provide opportunities for greater densities and the creation of multifamily housing units, depending on available infrastructure. Exhibit 3-2 summarizes total existing estimated housing units by geographic area. Commerce’s Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT) estimated 2020 supply for Port Townsend, the unincorporated UGA, and unincorporated rural areas—this estimate was used to calculate the number of additional units needed countywide by income level from 2020– 2045 (see Section 3.3 Future Need & Our Future Need & Our Housing Plan section for more information) and is presented here for consistency with future planning. More recent data from OFM suggests a greater number of existing housing units in the unincorporated county, particularly in the rural areas outside of the Master Planned Resort (MPRs) and Rural Village Centers (RVCs), both in 2020 and 2023. OFM’s 2020 count of housing units in the City of Port Townsend and the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA are consistent with the HAPT estimate. Exhibit 3-2 Estimated Existing Housing Units (2020 and 2023) Location (Unincorporated unless noted) 2020 (HAPT)1 2020 (OFM) 2023 (OFM) Incorporated Jefferson County (City of Port Townsend)1 5,692 5,692 5,804 Unincorporated Jefferson County 11,159 13,395 13,677 Unincorporated Portion of Port Townsend UGA1 1,411 1,411 1,430 Unincorporated Rural1 9,748 11,984 12,247 HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 236 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Port Ludlow MPR2 1,950 1,950 1,950 Pleasant Harbor MPR2 — — — Brinnon RVC3 1,041 1,041 1,041 Quilcene RVC3 299 299 299 Other Rural Areas4 6,458 8,694 8,957 Countywide Total 16,851 19,087 19,481 Legend: UGA = Urban Growth Area, MPR = Master Planned Resort; RVC = Rural Village Center. Notes: 1 Commerce’s Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT) estimates 2020 supply for Port Townsend, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, and unincorporated rural areas using U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates from 2014-2018 supplemented with the U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data for the same timeframe. The HAPT 2020 estimate was used to calculate the number of additional units needed countywide by income level from 2020– 2045 (see the Future Need & Our Housing Plan section for more information). 2 Per Jefferson County records, there are currently 1,950 residential units in the Port Ludlow MPR and no permanent residences have yet been developed in the Pleasant Harbor MPR. 3 2020 U.S. Census estimate of housing units for the Brinnon and Quilcene Census Designated Places (CDPs). Note that the Brinnon and Quilcene CDPs are larger than the RVC boundaries but are presented here for estimation purposes. 4 Total housing units in the other rural areas were calculated by subtracting the individual rural area estimates from the total rural housing unit estimate. Sources: Commerce HAPT, 2021; OFM, 2020 and 2023; BERK, 2025. Short term or vacation rentals (e.g., VRBOs—vacation rentals by owner, Airbnb) also likely comprise a significant portion of the housing stock in Jefferson County. While short-term rentals support tourism and provide income for homeowners, they reduce year-round housing supply for permanent residents contributing to rising rent. See the Housing Affordability & Attainability section below for additional discussion. Demographics & Household Characteristics Total Population The estimated population of Jefferson County as of April 1, 2024 was 33,700 people with a little over two-thirds of the population living in unincorporated areas (23,170 people or 69%) and a little less than one- third living in the City of Port Townsend (10,530 people or 31%)—the HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 237 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 proportion of residents living in incorporated versus unincorporated areas has remained steady since 2000.35 Since 2010, the percentage of the unincorporated population living in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA has decreased from about 13.5% to 12.7%.36 Since the last Comprehensive Plan update in 2018 and continuing for the 2025–2045 planning period, population growth is expected to occur at a rate of approximately 0.8% annually. Age Exhibit 3-3 shows a breakdown of unincorporated Jefferson County’s population by age range, with comparison to the City of Port Townsend. As of 2022. Jefferson County has the oldest median age of county populations in the state (60.7 years)37 and nearly two-thirds of the population is aged 50 or older in the unincorporated areas (62%). More than half of households in the unincorporated areas include one or more people who are 65 or older (56%) and approximately 17% of households are older adults living alone, both higher than statewide and in neighboring counties. The percentage of the population over age 65 is highest in parts of the Port Ludlow MPR and is generally higher along the county’s eastern shorelines.38 In addition, while the patterns in age ranges in Port Townsend and the unincorporated areas are similar, the unincorporated areas have a smaller share of youth and young adults aged 15 to 24. This is likely due to families with high school aged children and young adults living in the city closer to jobs, schools, and a greater variety of housing options. Exhibit 3-3 Age Distribution, Percent of Population (2022)—Unincorporated Jefferson County vs. City of Port Townsend and Statewide 35 OFM UGA Small Area Estimates, 2024. 36 OFM UGA Small Area Estimates, 2024. 37 OFM Median Age, 2022. 38 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022 (Tables S0101 and S1101). HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 238 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Sources: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022; BERK, 2024. The age distribution of the population countywide is expected to change over time, with the proportion of adults 65 and older decreasing slightly through 2045 (from 42% in 2022 to 38% in 2045 according to OFM projections; Exhibit 3-4). However, the number of adults over 65 is expected to increase countywide from an estimated 13,881 in 2022 to 15,589 in 2045.39 In unincorporated Jefferson County, there are an estimated 5,352 residents aged 50 to 64 as of 2022, many of whom will likely remain in the county as they age. Demand for accessible supportive housing and services will likely increase over time as the overall number of older adults increases. Exhibit 3-4 Population by Age Cohort, Estimates and Projections (2020–2045)—Jefferson County 39 OFM GMA 2022 Medium Series Projections, Population by Age and Sex (Five-year Age Groups), 2022. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 239 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Sources: OFM, 2020; OFM GMA 2022 Medium Series Projections, 2022; BERK, 2024. Race & Ethnicity Exhibit 3-5 shows the breakdown of population by race and ethnicity in unincorporated Jefferson County. By race, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) represent about 13% of the population, with 4% identifying as Hispanic/Latino. From 2017 to 2022, unincorporated Jefferson County lost population among White, non-Hispanic persons, while gaining non-Hispanic persons who identify as two or more race.40 The intersection between equity and the distribution of racial and ethnic groups in the county is discussed in more detail under Displacement, Exclusion, & Racially Disparate Impacts and in Appendix E. Exhibit 3-5 Population by Race and Ethnicity (2022)—Unincorporated Jefferson County 40 “Hispanic or Latino” is an ethnicity category that is considered in addition to race, according to the US Census. Ethnicity refers to community groupings that are based on some combination of shared language, history, religion, and culture. Ethnic groups can overlap with racial groups, but there can be differences. ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2013-2017 and 2018-2022. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 240 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Notes: With the exception of Hispanic or Latino, all groups are exclusive of persons who identify as Hispanic or Latino. Sources: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022; BERK, 2024. Educational Attainment Approximately 96% of unincorporated Jefferson County residents aged 25 and older have at least a high school diploma or GED, compared to 92% statewide. The percentage of unincorporated Jefferson County residents with a bachelor’s degree is slightly lower than statewide (21% versus 23%, respectively) but the percentage of residents in unincorporated areas with a graduate or professional degree is higher than statewide (17% versus 15%, respectively).41 This is consistent with the relative percentage of older adults in Jefferson County—the county has one of the largest shares of residents over the age of 60 and the educational achievement rates of adults 65 and older in unincorporated Jefferson County is higher than other age groups. See Exhibit 3-6. Exhibit 3-6 Educational Attainment by Age Group (2022)—Unincorporated Jefferson County 41 ACS 5-Year Estimates (Table S1501), 2018-2022. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 241 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates (Table S1501), 2018-2022; BERK, 2024. Other Populations with Special Housing Needs Certain segments of the population often have unique housing needs or are at increased risk of housing instability. Populations considered to have "special housing needs" include people with a disability, older adults, individuals experiencing homelessness, veterans, households with lower incomes, people with substance abuse issues, and families with large household sizes, as they may require housing with specific accessibility features, supportive services, or affordability considerations to meet their unique needs. Some of these are discussed above (e.g., older adults, families with children). Additional groups in Jefferson County who may have special housing needs include those with a disability, veterans, and unhoused individuals. This element includes several policies to address populations in Jefferson County with special housing needs. Disability Status Approximately 19% of unincorporated Jefferson County residents live with one or more disabilities.42 Disabilities can include sensory disabilities (such as vision and hearing impairments), physical disabilities, mental disabilities, self-care disabilities, go-outside home disabilities, and employment disabilities (difficulty working at a job or business due to physical, mental, or emotional condition). While disabilities can be experienced by all age groups, populations with a higher proportion of older adults (over age 65) may correspond with higher disability rates, due to the sensory, physical, and mental effects of aging. There is an ongoing need to promote universal or accessible design in Jefferson County to allow residents with a disability to live as independently as possible, including those who would prefer to age in place as they get older. 42 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 242 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Veteran Status Approximately 13% of unincorporated Jefferson County residents are veterans, including approximately 20% of the population between ages 65–74 and 24% of the population aged 75 or older.43 There are limited housing options available in the county specifically for veterans. Bayside Housing & Services, located in Port Hadlock, offers transitional and temporary housing, with priority given to veterans, seniors, and those in the workforce. The nonprofit, Olympic Community Action Programs (OlyCAP), operates Vet Connect, an initiative to provide resources and assistance to veterans, though no information about housing support specifically is available online. The North Olympic Regional Veteran’s Housing Network also operates Sarge’s Veteran Support, a nonprofit that provides services to veterans in Clallam and Jefferson Counties. These services include emergency shelter and permanent housing support (see Emergency Housing, Emergency Shelters, & Permanent Supportive Housing below). All permanent supportive housing options for veterans are in Clallam County. Those Experiencing Homelessness The Annual Point-in-Time Count found 147 unhoused individuals representing 117 households within Jefferson County in January 2025. Additional Point-in- Time Count data can be found at the Washington Department of Commerce website. People experience homelessness in Jefferson County as well as across the state. Homelessness in Jefferson County is a very real problem not confined to any one sector of the county’s population. Homelessness occurs in a variety of ways—some families or individuals experience job loss, reduced household income, domestic violence, increases in housing, living and medical costs and other displacing events; some people are suddenly unhoused while others may be chronically unhoused. The unhoused population includes those that are accommodated in emergency shelters, stay temporarily with family or friends or other transitory housing, or are “unsheltered” living on the streets, in forested areas, in vehicles, or other conditions that do not provide safe shelter. The Washington Department of Commerce summaries of Point In Time (PIT) Counts for Jefferson County show the total unhoused population counted for years 2020, 2022, 2023, and 2024 as 139, 130, 126, 43 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022. Matt Sircely HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 243 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 and 132 respectively.44 Approximately 45% of unhoused individuals in Jefferson County were unsheltered in 2025 (66 of the 147 total) versus approximately 33% of unhoused individuals statewide in 2025 (7,223 of 22,173 total).45 All school districts in the county also documented some level of students experiencing homelessness as of the 2023-24 school year, particularly in the Quillayute Valley, but also in Chimacum, Port Townsend, and Quilcene.46 In addition, a significant number of people are likely living in inadequate or unsafe housing, such as unpermitted small structures without proper sanitation or water Households living in unsafe housing conditions are also often at increased risk of becoming homeless yet are difficult to count and not reflected in the PIT counts. This update includes goals and policies that address a variety of means to provide shelter and supportive services to transition those experiencing homelessness or underhoused to more permanent housing. Household Characteristics As of 2022, there were an estimated 15,859 households living in Jefferson County including 10,488 in unincorporated areas. About 14% of households in unincorporated Jefferson County include one or more people under age 18 (including couples, single parents, and other caregivers with related or unrelated children); approximately 9% of households are married couples with at least one related child in the house and 5% are single parents with at least one related child in the house. A little over 17% of households are individuals living alone and another 37% are non-family households (e.g., roommates or unmarried couples).47 Many of the 86% of households without children are anticipated to include retirees. 44 The PIT Count is an annual count of people living in transitional housing, emergency shelters, safe havens, and places not meant for human habitation on one night in January. The totals in 2020, 2022, 2023, and 2024 include sheltered (emergency and transitional housing) and unsheltered individuals. Commerce Point in Time Count Results, 2025. 45 King County opted out of the unsheltered part of the Point in Time Count in 2023. As a result, 2022 is the most recent year for which a statewide count of sheltered versus unsheltered individuals is available. Only the total number of unhoused individuals is available from Commerce in Jefferson County from 2017-2022. 46 OSPI Report Card Enrollment 2023-24 School Year, data last updated June 24, 2024. 47 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022 (Tables DP02 and S1101). HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 244 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 About 85% of all households owned their homes, about half of which had a mortgage, and 15% of households were renters. About 79% of all households in the unincorporated county have either 1 or 2 members, while the remainder have 3 or more. Owner households are more likely to be smaller in size (80% of owner-occupied versus 69% of renter- occupied households have 1–2 people). In comparison, most owner- occupied housing units (81%) and renter-occupied units (77%) have 2 or 3 bedrooms. This suggests a misalignment between the size of housing units available and the size of households for both renter and owner households.48 The ACS median household income in Jefferson County was estimated to be $43,678 for renters, $69,193 for homeowners, and $64,796 across all households in 2022 (9.4% higher than the City of Port Townsend but about 72% of the statewide median).49 Median household income was more than double that of non-family households in the county overall, similar to the City of Port Townsend and statewide. Countywide, median household income has grown by 2.8% since 2010.50 Areas with the highest median household income as of 2022 border the eastern shoreline, including areas along Oak Bay, Mats Mats Bay, Port Ludlow, and Squamish Harbor as well as near Fort Worden in Port Townsend. Areas with the lowest median household income are in the southeast corner of the county (including Wawa Point and Brinnon) and surrounding most of Discovery Bay. Housing Affordability & Attainability Costs to buy or rent homes have risen across the state, including in Jefferson County. While all households are impacted, renter households, BIPOC households (regardless of tenure), and lower income households (regardless of tenure) in unincorporated Jefferson County spend more of their income on housing, Adopted Countywide Planning Policy (CPP) #6 concerns the provision of affordable housing in Jefferson County, including a mix of types and densities to support housing affordable at all income levels, special purpose housing, and ADUs. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines a home as affordable if the household is spending less than 30% of their gross income on housing costs. A household is considered cost burdened when they spend more than 30% of their household income 48 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022 (Table DP04). 49 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022 (Table B25119). 50 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022 (Table S1903). The ACS considers all housing units with an owner or co- owner present as owner- occupied, even if some living in the unit are renting. Renter-occupied households are all occupied housing units which are not owner- occupied. The total count of occupied housing units is also equal to the count of households. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 245 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 on housing and severely cost burdened when that share increases to greater than 50%. In 2020, over a quarter (26%) of all households in unincorporated Jefferson County were cost burdened, a little over 2,600 households in total.51 Exhibit 3-7 shows the proportion of owner and renter households by cost burden status in 2020. Renter households were much more commonly cost burdened than owner households (34% versus 25%). Exhibit 3-7 Households by Cost Burden Status (2020)—Unincorporated Jefferson County Note: HUD does not calculate cost burden status for households with zero or negative income. These are represented as “Not Calculated” in the chart. Sources: HUD CHAS data (based on 2016-2020 ACS 5-year estimates); BERK, 2024. Exhibit 3-8 considers the proportion of all households in the unincorporated county by race that are cost burdened. BIPOC households have higher rates of cost-burden compared to White and Hispanic/Latino households, with a notably higher percentage of BIPOC spending 30-50% of their income on housing than White or Hispanic/Latino households. Overall, BIPOC renter and owner households are the most likely to be cost burdened (spending at least 30% of their income on housing). BIPOC owner households are also the most likely to be severely cost burdened (spending more than 50% of their income on housing) whereas White renter households are the most likely to be severely cost burdened. 51 HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data (based on 2016-2020 ACS 5-year estimates). HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 246 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 3-8 Cost Burden Status of Households by Racial and Ethnic Group (2020)—Unincorporated Jefferson County HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 247 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 All Households Renter Households Owner Households HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 248 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: HUD does not calculate cost burden status for households with zero or negative income. These are represented as “Not Calculated” in the chart. Sources: HUD CHAS data (based on 2016-2020 ACS 5-year estimates); BERK, 2024. Data about rental costs in Jefferson County is somewhat limited and varies by source. As of March 2024, according to the Washington Center for Real Estate Research (WCRER), an average apartment costs $747 per month in Jefferson County.52 In comparison, as of April 2024, the Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI) for Jefferson County was $1,974, notably higher than the WCRER report.53 A review of recent rental listings on Craigslist and Zillow also indicates rental rates countywide are higher than the WCRER average. Based on data gathered in June 2024, the average rental rate is likely closer to $2,091 for a market-rate unit throughout the county (approximately $1,500 for a 1-bedroom and $2,300 for a 2-bedroom).54 A household would need an annual income of at least $83,636 to afford this average rental rate. Using HUD standards to calculate affordability, a household needs to have an income equivalent to 105% of HUD-Area Median Family Income (MFI) to afford the observed average 1-bedroom apartment and 122% of MFI to afford the observed average 2- bedroom apartment.55 However, about 70% of renters countywide and in the unincorporated areas have an income below MFI.56 Several units in subsidized or income-restricted communities were listed for rent online at rates closer to the WCRER averages. The share of cost burdened owner households in unincorporated Jefferson County has declined since 2015 when about 31% of owner households in unincorporated areas were cost burdened.57 However, this reduction most likely reflects changes in the employment status and income of owner households rather than reductions in housing costs. Median home values countywide more than doubled during this period, from about $275,000 in July 2015 to $650,000 in July 2022, shown in Exhibit 3-9. 52 WCRER Housing Market Data Toolkit: Rental Housing Markets, 2024. 53 Zillow ZORI for Jefferson County, April 2024. 54 Zillow, 2024; Craigslist, 2024; BERK, 2024 (data collected by BERK in June 2024 from Craigslist and Zillow listing). 55 HUD sets affordable rent standards by percent of MFI for all counties (published by the Washington State Housing Finance Commission [link]). These standards are adjusted to match the assumed household size that would occupy the unit. 56 HUD CHAS data (based on 2016-2020 ACS 5-year estimates). 57 HUD CHAS data (based on 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 ACS 5-year estimates). Affordable housing policies often classify all households by income level relative to the HUD-area median family income, or MFI. Jefferson County’s MFI was $68,600 in 2020 and $88,300 in 2024. This represents the median income of a 4-person household. When classifying households by income level, HUD adjusts for household size. So, for example, the threshold for determining 80% MFI is lower for a 2-person household than it is for a 4- person household. Note that MFI is a different measure than median household income, described in the previous section. They are not comparable because median household income includes all households, not just family households. Source: HUD Income Limits. HUD-Area Median Family Income (MFI) HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 249 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 After federal interest rates increased in late 2022, home values in the county dipped slightly and are still below the 2022 peak as of January 2024. The dotted lines show the range of home values in the county from “low” (median value of the bottom third of all homes) to “high” (median value of the top third of all homes). The red line represents median home values in the City of Port Townsend, which have aligned closely with median home values in the county overall since 2006. Exhibit 3-9 Housing Value Index (2006–2024)—Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend—and Median Family Income (2010–2024)—Jefferson County Sources: Zillow, 2024; ACS 5-Year Estimates (Table S1903), 2006-2010 through 2018-2022; BERK, 2024. Housing values have been rising faster than incomes. In 2012, the median home value in the county was about 5.4 times the median family income but by 2022, the median home value was nearly 10 times as high as the median family income.58 One reason housing prices have increased so rapidly is a lack of supply compared to demand, which increases competition for available units. A healthy housing market has at least four months of supply available for home buyers. The long-term trend in the county has been towards a tighter housing supply. By 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the supply shrank to less than one month. Since then, the supply has increased slightly to about 2.4 months by April 2024. It is likely that higher interest rates during this 58 See Exhibit 66 in Appendix E-1. $846K $650K $583K $404K $46K $73K $0 K $200K $400K $600K $800K $1,000K $1,200K 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024Zillow Housing Value Index / MFIPort Townsend Median Jefferson County High Jefferson County Median Jefferson County Low Median Family Income (MFI) HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 250 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 period reduced the number of potential homebuyers, reducing the number of homes for sale needed to keep up with demand. As of April 2024, the median sales price for a detached single-family home in the county was $649,990.59 To afford to purchase a home of this value, a household would need an income of $157,776, assuming they can cover a 20% downpayment ($129,998).60 This is about 179% of MFI for a four-person household. Condos are a bit more affordable at $494,500, though a household would still need an income of $120,033 assuming a 20% downpayment and 7% interest rate (about 151% of MFI for a three-person household).61 Manufactured homes are often much less expensive to produce than homes built on site and therefore have potential to be more affordable than traditional detached homes. Many manufactured homes in unincorporated Jefferson County are located on an individual parcel and function like a site-built home in that it can be either owned or rented by an individual household. The unincorporated areas also have 15 manufactured housing communities (sometimes referred to as “mobile home parks”) where the resident/homeowner owns the manufactured housing unit and rents the “lot” or “pad” that the home sits on from a landlord. Five of these are within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Homes in manufactured housing communities cost significantly less to buy than a traditional detached home on its own lot because the unit is sold separately from the land. As a result, homes in manufactured housing communities provide relatively affordable homeownership opportunities. However, residents of manufactured home communities do not benefit from home value appreciation as the land value increases. They are also subject to terms and conditions in their lease agreement with the property owner and are vulnerable to displacement if the owner chooses to close the community or increase the rents and fees all residents must pay. Approximately 66% of manufactured homes in unincorporated Jefferson County are located on individual parcels where the land is owned, 7% are located on individual parcels where the land is leased, and 27% are in manufactured homes parks. About 24% are within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and 76% are in rural areas. Of those on individual 59 Redfin Monthly Housing Market Data, 2024. 60 Estimate assumes 7% interest rate. 61 Note that Redfin data indicates there are very few condo sales in the county (an average of about 3 out of 44 home sales per month) and even fewer townhomes (an average of less than 1 per month). So, the median sales price for this produce is less reliable. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 251 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 parcels (owned or leased), about 21% are within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and 79% are in rural areas.62 Subsidized and income-restricted affordable housing is another important component of the regional housing supply as market rate units are not typically affordable to lower-income households. Both subsidized rental and subsidized ownership options are available in Jefferson County. Exhibit 3-10 lists the estimated current (2023) and planned future stock of subsidized affordable housing units countywide. Exhibit 3-10 Current (2023) and Planned Future Subsidized Rentals and Homes in Jefferson County Program Units (2022- 2023) Demolished / Removed Units (2022-2023) Future Units Total Units Subsidized Rentals Subsidized Rentals 669 units -17 units +94 units 746 units Rental Assistance Programs1 1,414 vouchers -2 vouchers 0 1,412 vouchers Subsidized Ownership Housing Subsidized Homes 74 homes 0 homes +102 homes 176 homes Note: Future units include those in construction and planned as of December 2023. 1 The rental assistance program includes vouchers provided through the emergency rental assistance program (ERAP) in 2022 and 2023. Sources: Jefferson County Housing Projects Verification Worksheet, 2022-2023; Clark Construction 7th Haven, 2024; OlyCAP Properties 7th Haven Apartments, 2024; BERK, 2024. Subsidized rental housing are often units set aside for low-income households with rates affordable to a target income level relative to AMI. Rental vouchers are another form of housing subsidy to assist low- income households to rent in market-rate units. These vouchers are funded by HUD and administered by the local housing authority. Households then use these vouchers to rent market rate housing, with monthly payment capped at 30% of their income. HUD funds cover the remainder of the rental housing payment. As of December 2023, service providers and private housing properties in the county offer an estimated 669 subsidized rental housing units. 62 Assumes one manufactured home per lot for parcels with a land use code of 1101 (Residential – MH w/Land) or 1103 (Residential – MH on Leased Land). Jefferson County Assessor, 2024; OFM, 2024. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 252 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 These include 209 units specifically for seniors and people with disabilities. Other projects include Tiny Homes as ADUs, a project sponsored by Community Build Project that provides 10 affordable rental units. Another project is the Hendricks St. House, which provides 4 mobile homes as affordable rentals. In addition, there are approximately 185 Section 8 housing vouchers in use as of 2023. The non-profit OlyCAP also runs a rental assistance program and distributed affordable rental vouchers to a little over 1,200 households in 2022 and 2023, including the emergency rental assistance program. Another 94 subsidized rental units are expected to be added countywide in the near future.63 Habitat for Humanity of East Jefferson County (HHEJC) and the Peninsula Housing Authority (PHA) provide affordable home ownership opportunities in the county. As of 2023, there were 74 affordable homes, including 63 individual homes and 6 permanently affordable homes in the Landes North community. The PHA mutual self-help building program, Phoenix Addition, also helped build 5 affordable homes in the county available to those earning below 60% of AMI. Another 102 subsidized home ownership units are anticipated countywide in the near future, and three additional projects are in early planning stages.64 Short-term rentals can present another challenge to housing supply and attainability. Year-round, about 80% of units are occupied and about 20% are vacant in unincorporated Jefferson County. Seasonally, the population grows primarily in summer months and the spring and fall seasons. Many of the 20% of vacant units are likely occupied by second-home owners or used as short- term rentals.65 When homes are purchased with the primary purpose to rent them on a short-term basis, that lowers the supply of housing and increases costs for permanent residents. Jefferson County has adopted a short-term rental ordinance (Ordinance No. 03-0610-24) providing regulations designed to ensure short-term rentals are registered and less disruptive to year-round residents. 63 Jefferson County Housing Projects Verification Worksheet, 2022-2023. 64 Jefferson County Housing Projects Verification Worksheet, 2022-2023. 65 ACS data indicates approximately 57% of vacant units in the unincorporated county are for “For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use” and another 34% are considered “Other vacant.” Other types of vacancies tracked by the ACS include for rent, rented but not occupied, for sale, sold but not occupied, and migrant worker units. ACS 5-year Estimates (Tables B25002 and B25004), 2018-2022. Transient housing includes hotels, bed & breakfasts, boarding homes, rooming homes, and short-term rentals (e.g., AirBnB/VRBO). Transient Housing HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 253 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jobs & Housing Jobs within the county are heavily concentrated near Port Townsend. Clusters of employment are also concentrated in Irondale and Port Hadlock, Chimacum, Port Ludlow, and Quilcene as well as in the western part of the county west of the Olympic National Park at the Olympic Corrections Center. Attracting more living-wage jobs to improve employment opportunities and raise local wages could support the attainment of more affordable housing However, employers in Jefferson County report they cannot attract and have difficulty retaining qualified workers due to limited housing supply, including limited affordable housing stock. In addition, some employees are finding housing appropriate to their needs only at increasing distances from work, many times outside of the county. As of 2021, more individuals commute out of Jefferson County to work in another location than commute into the county for work (7,003 compared with 2,700 individuals, respectively). Approximately 4,395 individuals that live in the county also work in the county. Workers are primarily commuting southeast for work in the Greater Seattle metropolitan area—nearly 40% of Jefferson County residents with a job work in the county and about one-fourth commute to King County for work.66 Economic impacts from this trend are discussed in the Economic Development Element. The jobs to housing ratio is another measure used to understand whether there is an adequate supply of housing to support local employment in a community. The ratio is determined by dividing the total number of jobs by the number of housing units. A ratio of 0.75 – 1.5 is considered a balanced ratio and can indicate that a community has sufficient housing for its employees and that area commutes are of reasonable length. A ratio higher than 1.5 can indicate affordability challenges and/or a lack of housing supply. Communities with ratios below 0.75 may have shortages of employment opportunities and are often classified as “bedroom communities.” Workers in these areas likely need to commute to work in surrounding areas. As of 2023, the jobs to housing ratio in Jefferson County was 0.46 (8,968 jobs divided by 19,481 housing units in the county), lower than the balanced range and similar to the ratios in 2022 of 0.46 (8,951 jobs divided by 19,430 units) and 2021 of 0.45 (8,669 jobs divided by 19,244 units)67. While a low jobs- to-housing ratio is sometimes associated with “bedroom communities,” this characterization may not fully apply in Jefferson County. In communities such as Port Townsend, the ratio is influenced in part by a 66 US Census Bureau, OnTheMap, 2021; US Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, 2021. 67 ESD Covered Employment, 2021 and 2022; OFM Postcensal Estimates of Housing Units, April 1, 2020 to April 1, 2023. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 254 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 large retiree population, second homes not part of the workforce housing pool, and a limited supply of housing affordable to the local workforce. As a result, the data may reflect a mismatch between available housing and the needs of employed residents, rather than an undersupply of local employment opportunities. There is broad agreement that the lack of affordable or workforce housing in the county severely limits the ability of businesses to create new jobs in urban and rural areas alike. This trend compounds as the average cost of housing continues to rise. Displacement, Exclusion, & Racially Disparate Impacts Consistent with the GMA amendments in HB 1220, Jefferson County has a duty to begin to undo policies and practices that lead to racially disparate impacts (RDI), displacement, and exclusion in housing. Overall, the analysis of existing conditions and historical trends in Appendix E shows evidence of displacement risk, exclusions, and racially disparate impacts in unincorporated Jefferson County. These include: ▶ Displacement risk is high in western Jefferson County, the south portion of eastern Jefferson County (including the Quilcene, Brinnon, and Pleasant Harbor MPR communities), and on Marrowstone Island. ▶ Homeownership rates are lower among BIPOC and Hispanic/Latino households (78% each versus 86% for White households).68 ▶ Renter-occupied households are significantly more likely to be cost burdened (34% versus 25), and BIPOC households have higher rates of cost burden compared to White and Hispanic/Latino households (for both renter and owner households), with a notably higher percentage of BIPOC households spending 30–50% of their income on housing than White Hispanic/Latino households. 68 Note that Hispanic/Latino households represent about 4% of the population in unincorporated Jefferson County. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 255 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ A higher percentage of BIPOC households are extremely low- or very low-income compared to White and Hispanic/Latino households (32% versus 20% and 17%, respectively). ▶ The BIPOC share of the statewide population was higher in 2017 and 2022 than in unincorporated Jefferson County as was the percent change from 2017 to 2022 which could indicate exclusion of BIPOC households. ▶ American Indian and Alaska Native populations experience a high level of segregation within the county overall and more so in the unincorporated areas, similar to levels of segregation present statewide and in neighboring counties. A higher share of American Indian and Alaska Native populations are concentrated in western Jefferson County (which includes the Hoh Indian Reservation and a small portion of the Quinault Reservation), in the southeast (near Wawa Point and Brinnon), and in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. ▶ Hispanic/Latino populations are more concentrated in western Jefferson County and surrounding Discovery Bay. Asian alone populations are more concentrated near the Port Ludlow MPR and in Port Townsend. The county also reviewed goals and policies from the 2018 Comprehensive Plan for their capacity to support diversity, equity, inclusion, and anti-displacement and undo impacts identified above. Displacement refers to instances when a household is forced or pressured to move from their home or community because of conditions beyond their control. Displacement can be physical, economic, or cultural. ▶Direct, physical displacement occurs in cases of eviction, the termination of a tenant’s lease, or public land claims through eminent domain. Physical displacement can also occur when a property owner decides to renovate units to appeal to higher-income tenants or when buildings are sold for redevelopment. Another cause might be the expiration of an affordability covenant and resulting conversion of the unit to market rate housing. ▶Economic displacement occurs when a household relocates due to the financial pressure of rising housing costs. Renters are more vulnerable to economic displacement, particularly those who are low-income, although some homeowners can experience this as well with significant increases to property tax bills. ▶Cultural displacement is the result of fractured social fabrics. When physical and/or economic displacement affects community businesses, social institutions, and a concentration of racial or ethnic households, other households who affiliate with the affected cultural group may begin to feel increased pressure or desire to relocate. Exclusion is the act or effect of shutting or keeping certain populations out of housing within a specified area, in a manner that may be intentional or unintentional, but which leads to non-inclusive impacts. Racially Disparate Impacts occur when policies, practices, rules, or other systems result in a disproportionate effect on one or more racial groups. Disparities in housing measures among different racial and ethnic groups are evidence of racially disparate impacts. Key Terms HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 256 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Recommendations from that analysis are detailed in Appendix E and were incorporated into this element’s updated goals and policies. Emergency Housing, Emergency Shelters, & Permanent Supportive Housing A limited number of emergency housing and permanent supportive housing options are currently available in Jefferson County. These housing types provide shelter and housing for those who are currently unhoused or facing eviction. Emergency housing and emergency shelter both provide temporary services; the difference being that emergency housing provides overnight accommodations while emergency shelter may not. Permanent supportive housing is long- term housing targeted to people who need comprehensive support services to retain tenancy. The desired proximity that is needed to services that help the county’s most vulnerable populations—including low-income seniors, disabled Veterans, disadvantaged youth, and persons with mental and/or physical disabilities—presents a notable challenge to planning and developing emergency and PSH in a rural county. The primary providers of emergency housing, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing in the county are Bayside Housing, Dove House, OlyCAP, and OWL360 (many of which provide subsidized and income-restricted housing as well). Exhibit 3-11 summarizes the estimated current (2023) and planned future supply of emergency housing beds and permanent supportive housing units countywide. Exhibit 3-11 Current (2023) and Planned Future Emergency and Permanent Supportive Housing in Jefferson County Program Units (2022- 2023) Demolished / Removed Units (2022-2023) Future Units1 Total Units Emergency and Transitional Housing 285 beds 98 beds 40 beds 227 beds Permanent Supportive Housing 47 units 0 units 92 units 139 units 1 Includes in construction and planned units as of December 2023. Sources: Jefferson County Housing Projects Verification Worksheet, 2022-2023; BERK, 2024. Emergency housing provides temporary or transitional housing services and may be targeted towards specific populations, such as young adults or veterans. There are currently 187 emergency and HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 257 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 transitional housing beds available in the county. OlyCAP is also currently constructing another 40 beds as part of the Caswell-Brown Village Phase 3 development. Once that project is complete, there will be a total of 227 emergency and transitional housing beds available countywide, less than half the anticipated future need for 560 emergency housing beds countywide by 2045 (see the Future Need & Our Housing Plan section for more information).69 Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is long-term housing intended for people who may need comprehensive support services to retain tenancy. It may also be targeted toward specific populations, such as those with disabilities or seniors aged 62 and over. OlyCAP and Olympic Neighbors are the primary providers of PSH units in the county providing a total of 47 PSH units. Other providers are planning or currently constructing an additional 92 PSH units, bringing the total PSH units to 139 units in the near future, still far less than the anticipated future need for 1,614 PSH units countywide by 2045 (see the Future Need & Our Housing Plan section for more information).70 3.3 FUTURE NEED & OUR HOUSING PLAN Jefferson County regards housing to be a basic human right that all residents and communities should have access to in the county. Safe, accessible, and affordable housing is important for the social and economic vibrancy of the county’s neighborhoods and is the foundation of equitable access to opportunity in the county. We endeavor to actively pursue solutions to include housing availability in each part of the county and across all income bands, including workforce housing, low-income housing, permanently supportive housing, emergency shelter space, and rural-specific housing solutions. The GMA Growth Targets The GMA requires that Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend allocate a fair share of housing over a 20-year period through CPPs. In 2021, the Washington State Legislature also passed House Bill 1220 (HB 1220), which amends the GMA to require the housing element of comprehensive plans to include explicit consideration of capacity to meet housing needs for extremely-low to moderately low-income households, permanent 69 Jefferson County Housing Projects Verification Worksheet, 2022-2023. 70 Jefferson County Housing Projects Verification Worksheet, 2022-2023. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 258 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 supportive housing (PSH), emergency housing and shelters, and duplexes, triplexes, and townhomes.71 The county’s housing growth targets overall and by income band are summarized in Exhibit 3-12, including specific rural sub-allocations. Exhibit 3-12 Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend Housing Growth Targets (2020–2045) Location Total Housing Need 0–≤30% AMI >30– ≤50% AMI >50– ≤80% AMI >80– ≤100% AMI >100– ≤120% AMI >120% AMI Emergency Housing Beds1 PSH Non- PSH Incorporated Jefferson County (City of Port Townsend) 1,648 807 124 286 186 75 94 76 280 Unincorporated Jefferson County 2,471 807 124 285 298 112 142 703 280 Unincorporated Portion of Port Townsend UGA 1,648 807 124 285 186 75 94 77 280 Unincorporated Rural 823 — — — 112 37 48 626 — Port Ludlow MPR 300 — — — — — — 300 — Pleasant Harbor MPR 127 — — — 52 — — 75 — Brinnon RVC 30 — — — 30 — — — — Quilcene RVC 30 — — — 30 — — — — Other Rural Areas 336 — — — — 37 48 251 — Countywide Total 4,119 1,614 248 571 484 187 236 779 560 Legend: AMI = Area Median Income; PSH = Permanent Supportive Housing; UGA = Urban Growth Area, MPR = Master Planned Resort; RVC = Rural Village Center. Note: While additional units have been built since 2020, the location of those units (e.g., within the unincorporated UGA or unincorporated rural areas) and affordability level of those units is unknown at this time. These units have therefore not been deducted from the overall target to ensure the analysis doesn’t imply less remaining need than actually exists. 1 Emergency housing includes emergency housing and shelter and is in addition to permanent housing needs. Source: Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. The greatest need for new units is at the lowest end of the affordability spectrum (less than or equal to 80% AMI). About 1,862 units countywide are needed for households with 30% AMI or less, including 1,614 units of permanent supportive housing that include wrap-around services for people who need support to maintain residency. It is anticipated that the rural allocation would consist primarily of low density detached units 71 HB 1220 Guidance for Evaluating Land Capacity to Meet All Housing Needs. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 259 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 which likely would serve households greater than moderate income. Some rural areas include housing growth targets at lower income levels consistent with the MPR development agreements and community priorities. The urban allocations would serve all income bands. Emergency housing targets are in addition to permanent supportive housing. Appendix E includes a detailed discussion of production trends in unincorporated Jefferson County from 2015-2022 and identified barriers to meeting housing needs for all income groups. To meet the 2045 housing growth target of 2,471 units in unincorporated Jefferson County, about 99 units must be built annually between 2020 and 2045.72 Between 2015 and 2022, an average of 118 net new units were built in unincorporated Jefferson County. This is greater than the annualized total housing target per year but the types of housing produced did not necessarily align with the types of housing needed to meet the targets at each income level, particularly housing for low- income (0-80% AMI) and moderate-income (80-120% AMI) households. This indicates that there are barriers to sufficient housing production among these housing types. There is a surplus of homes developed for higher-income (120%+ AMI) households, indicating no barriers to meeting those housing needs. The county’s proposed land use map revisions and code updates result in adequate capacity to support the desired densities and mix of housing types expected to accommodate housing needs at all affordability levels. See Exhibit 3-13. Under the proposed future land use map and with proposed code revisions, there is capacity for 3,796 units in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, Port Ludlow and Pleasant Harbor MPRs, and Brinnon and Quilcene RVCs, above the total housing target of 2,471 for unincorporated Jefferson County. Note also that there is sufficient capacity within each individual planning area in Exhibit 3-12 and for emergency housing as detailed in Appendix E. This also does not include additional capacity for low density housing in the rural areas or possible affordable housing in the UGA-P zone, which would be in addition to the 3,796 units of capacity shown below. The county is planning for growth consistent with the adopted targets. See also Exhibit 1-2, Exhibit 1-3, and Exhibit 1-11 in the Land Use Element. Exhibit 3-13 Housing Capacity vs. Growth Targets for Unincorporated Jefferson County 72 A total of 119, 97, and 138 housing units were completed in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, in unincorporated Jefferson County. All but 6 of these were single family units. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 260 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Housing Need (% of AMI) Zone Categories 2020-44 Target (Urban, MPR, & RVC Only)1 Aggregated Target1 Capacity2 Surplus / (Deficit) 0-30% PSH Low-Rise, Mid-Rise, ADUs 807 1,514 1,8453 331 0-30% Non-PSH 124 >30 to ≤50% 285 >50 to ≤80% 298 >80 to ≤100% Moderate Density 75 169 2884 119 >100 to ≤120% 94 >120% Low Density 452 452 1,6635 1,211 Total 2,135 2,135 3,796 1,661 Legend: PSH = Permanent Supportive Housing. 1 Subtracts the “Other Rural Areas” targets of 37 units for 80-100% AMI, 48 units for 100-120% AMI, and 251 units for >120% AMI assuming most units will be low density with some limited moderate density housing types based on current zoning. The rural residential zones (RR 1:5, RR 1:10, and RR 1:20) currently allow single family homes, ADUs, duplexes, co-housing, manufactured housing, and residential care facilities for up to 5 people outright. While most new housing is expected to be lower density and affordable only to higher income households, the allowed housing types also include some housing typologies considered affordable for moderate- and lower-income households. Moreover, while single family housing tends to be affordable only at higher income levels, manufactured housing allowed and spread throughout the rural areas is often affordable to moderate- and lower-income households. 2 Assumes maximum density from the capacity results in Exhibit 99 in Appendix E. 3 Includes capacity in the UHDR, UC, and RVC zones as well as capacity for 52 staff housing units in the Pleasant Harbor MPR and 25 ADUs (based on the revised ADU capacity analysis in Appendix E). ADUs are considered affordable to households with 50–80% of AMI per Exhibit 87 in Appendix E. 4 Includes capacity in the UMDR zone (considered affordable for households with 80–120% of AMI per Exhibit 87 in Appendix E) plus the 148 units from Habitat for Humanity’s pipeline project. While the 12 group home units may be affordable for households with 80% of AMI or less, this analysis considers the whole development as “Moderate Density” for a more conservative estimate of capacity to meet needs at the lowest income levels. 5 Includes capacity in the ULDR zone as well as capacity for 300 low-density units in the Port Ludlow MPR and 75 low-density units in the Pleasant Harbor MPR. Sources: Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 261 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Housing Challenges & Opportunities Housing Affordability The number of households that are cost-burdened is a good indicator of current housing affordability needs. In unincorporated Jefferson County, one in every four households are cost-burdened (Exhibit 3-7). As described above, cost-burden and housing affordability concerns are disproportionate across tenure, income groups, and racial and ethnic groups. One likely reason for rates of cost-burden and housing affordability concerns in Jefferson County is the challenging trend in rising housing costs (Exhibit 3-9). As of April 2024, a household needs to have an income equivalent to 105% of MFI to afford to rent the average 1- bedroom apartment, 122% of MFI to afford to rent the average 2-bedroom apartment, and 179% MFI to afford to buy a median priced detached single-family home.73 However, about 70% of renters countywide and in the unincorporated areas and 43% of homeowners have an income below MFI. Housing values have also been rising faster than incomes and there is a lack of supply compared to demand, resulting in increasingly limited home ownership opportunities. Other reasons are that the existing housing inventory consists primarily of larger detached homes (Exhibit 3-1), and smaller units and rental housing are limited to certain neighborhoods. Single-family and owned housing are typically more costly than rental housing, although none of these housing types are typically affordable to an 80% MFI household or below. Two of the key means of protecting affordability are retaining the county’s manufactured housing and older housing stock. OFM estimates there are nearly 3,000 manufactured homes in unincorporated Jefferson County as of 2023, or about 22% of the total housing stock. As discussed above, manufactured homes are often much less expensive to produce than homes built on site and therefore have potential to be more affordable than traditional detached homes. For all housing units in the unincorporated county, nearly three- quarters were built prior to 2000 including 32% built prior to 1980.74 Older homes can be more affordable rental and ownership options, although the county should continue to support and promote programs that help households with home repairs, climate resilience improvements, and other housing rehabilitation to maintain these housing options. 73 HUD sets affordable rent standards by percent of MFI for all counties (published by the Washington State Housing Finance Commission [link]). These standards are adjusted to match the assumed household size that would occupy the unit. 74 ACS 5-Year Estimates (Table S1501), 2018-2022. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 262 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 In addition, promoting housing variety and greater density in development regulations, particularly in UGAs, and securing funding for supporting capital facilities such as sewer or approved alternative wastewater technologies can help address housing supply and affordability concerns going forward. Diversifying the county’s housing stock (particularly in the unincorporated UGA) to include more smaller unit multiunit and rental housing could lower housing costs overall. However, this would require a marked shift in recent production trends. In recent years, single family homes have been built at the fastest rate among housing types followed by manufactured homes. Multi-family production has been extremely limited, with middle housing (duplexes and middle-family units that are three to four units) showing an overall decrease in the net change in units. Diversifying housing options may also help address identified racially disparate impacts, reduce displacement risk, and support opportunities for workforce housing developments that are affordable to households with lower incomes. However, for the lowest income households, the market often does not produce affordable housing even if a diverse range of housing types are built. In these cases, income-restricted or government supported affordable housing can be part of the solution. Currently, there are 652 subsidized rental units and 74 subsidized home ownership units countywide, representing about 4% of the countywide housing stock, and another 94 subsidized rental units and 102 subsidized home ownership units are planned (Exhibit 3-10). The data reviewed in Appendix E indicates there is demand for more income-restricted units across all groups earning below MFI. Special housing is also needed to support those experiencing homelessness. While the total number of people experiencing homelessness appears to have declined slightly from 2015 to 2023, approximately 63% of unhoused individuals in Jefferson County were unsheltered in 2023 versus approximately 51% of unhoused individuals statewide in 2022. All school districts in the county also documented some level of students experiencing homelessness as of the 2023-24 school year.75 There are currently 227 existing or planned future emergency and transitional housing beds and 139 permanent and supportive housing units available countywide, many of which are intended to serve specific household income levels, ages, or with other special housing needs (Exhibit 3-11). The county could consider working with partners to fill existing gaps in the availability of income-restricted, subsidized, emergency, and permanent supportive housing. 75 OSPI Report Card Enrollment 2023-24 School Year, data last updated June 24, 2024. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 263 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 A Ten-Year Plan to End Homelessness in Jefferson County was drafted by Olympic Community Action Programs (OlyCAP) in 2011 and updated in 2015. While the Plan has not been updated since 2015, the values and principles, priorities, and documented programs providing support to community efforts for people at risk of becoming homeless are still applicable. With consideration of the 2015 Ending Homelessness plan priorities and how the county can participate with housing agencies and stakeholders, this Housing Element addresses the following: ▶ Remove potential barriers to housing ▶ Create additional permanently affordable housing opportunities ▶ Seek and promote funding sources to retain and add housing Housing Needs of People of Different Ages & Abilities Meeting the housing needs of an aging population and those with special needs will be an increasingly important issue in the next 20 years. Jefferson County has the oldest median age of county populations in the state as of 2022 (60.7 years)76 and nearly two-thirds of the population is age 50 or older in the unincorporated areas (62%). More than half of households countywide and in the unincorporated areas include one or more people who are 65 or older (56%) and approximately 17% of households in unincorporated Jefferson County are older adults living alone. The percentage of the population over age 65 is currently highest in parts of the Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort and is high in most Census Block Groups along the county’s eastern shorelines, including the unincorporated UGA. Approximately 19% of unincorporated Jefferson County residents also live with one or more disabilities. While disabilities can be experienced by all age groups, populations with a higher proportion of those over age 65 generally correspond with higher disability rates, due to the sensory, physical, and mental effects of aging. By 2045, the proportion of adults 65 and older countywide is expected decrease slightly (Exhibit 3-4). However, the total number of adults over 65 is expected to increase countywide from an estimated 13,881 in 2022 to 15,589 in 2045.77 In unincorporated Jefferson County, there are an estimated 5,352 residents aged 50 to 64 as of 2022, many of whom will likely remain in the county as they age. As children grow and as life stages evolve, housing needs may change. Demand for accessible supportive housing and services will likely increase over time as the overall number of older adults increases. Older adults may desire single-family homes at retirement age, but as their abilities and needs 76 OFM Median Age, 2022. 77 OFM GMA 2022 Medium Series Projections, Population by Age and Sex (Five-year Age Groups), 2022. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 264 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 change, other forms of housing with smaller lots, townhomes, or assisted living may be attractive for maintenance, accessibility, and affordability purposes. These forms of housing are denser and encouraged in the UGA where residents would also have more access to healthcare and other supportive services. Other household types, including individuals living alone or single parent households, may also prefer smaller housing types for affordability as well. Unincorporated Jefferson County also has a smaller share of youth and young adults aged 15 to 24 compared to the City of Port Townsend (Exhibit 3-3). One reason for this could be a gap in housing options for this demographic (although families with high school aged children and young adults may also choose to live in the city to be close to jobs, schools, and other amenities). Most housing units have 2 or 3 bedrooms, but average rents and median housing cost are unaffordable for many households. While many households with children in unincorporated Jefferson County likely have fewer children per household than neighboring counties and statewide, only 2% of rental units have 4 or more bedrooms, suggesting that rental stock includes few detached homes that may be attractive to families with multiple children looking to rent. Youth have also consistently expressed concern over high housing costs and the inaccessibility of affordable options, especially for first-time renters or buyers—there is deep concern that youth are being priced out of their own hometowns making long-term residency seem unattainable. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 265 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 3.4 GOALS & POLICIES Safe, affordable housing is a fundamental need for all residents in Jefferson County. Jefferson County communities are strong, vibrant, and healthy when there is safe and reliable housing that meets the full range of income levels, household sizes, preferences, and needs. The average household income of Jefferson County residents has not kept up with increasing prevailing housing costs. The result is a widespread lack of safe and affordable housing for many county residents and especially for populations with special needs. Community engagement in the 2025 periodic update reflected a strong desire for improved housing opportunities on a countywide basis to address affordability, homelessness, and improved access to economic opportunities. Goal HS-G-1 Encourage and support efforts to increase affordable housing options and availability for current and future county residents of all income levels, abilities and identities. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.1 Allow for and incentivize a variety of housing options, typologies, and densities to meet the needs of all people who work and desire to live in Jefferson County. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.2 Work with inter-jurisdictional and public-private cooperative groups to increase the permanent supply of market-rate, moderately-priced, and affordable rental and ownership housing opportunities for households of all sizes and income levels. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.3 Document successes, challenges, and opportunities to support the accommodation of affordable housing, and inform housing programs, the development community, and housing advocacy groups. Measure the impact of these policies on displacement risk and the effect of strategies identified to mitigate impacts. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.4 Maintain the Jefferson County Code and development regulations that preserve existing higher densities and improve housing development and redevelopment opportunities throughout the Jefferson County Code for a mix of housing types across various affordability levels in the county’s Urban Growth Areas (UGAs), Rural Village Centers (RVCs), Rural Crossroads (CCs), Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development (LAMIRDs), and Master Planned Resorts (MPRs). Refer to Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban and related goals and policies HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 266 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy HS-P-1.5 Provide public and private non-profit housing assistance programs with information on areas where moderate- to extremely low-income housing can be accommodated based on zoning, existing lot density, access to transit, jobs, or other support services. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.6 Support the Peninsula Housing Authority, Habitat for Humanity, and Olympic Community Action Programs in their efforts to assist income-limited households with funding for home repairs, climate resilience improvements, and other housing rehabilitation assistance, including support for multifamily tax credits such as federal low-income housing tax credits (LIHTC) and project-based vouchers (Section 8). ▶ Policy HS-P-1.7 Prioritize improvements that improve climate resilience and leverage programs that ensure vulnerable populations have increased climate resilience while improving housing quality. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.8 Utilize zoning, incentives, and other strategies to encourage the development of housing affordable to the county’s workforce across all incomes, ages, and abilities. These housing types may include housing with a variety of lot sizes, manufactured homes, clustered homes, co-housing, accessory dwelling units, townhouses, apartments, or other forms appropriate to the urban or rural location. New workforce housing should increase access to services and transportation options for commuting. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.9 Develop an affordable housing incentives program that encourages a mix of affordable housing types and densities for urban areas (Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA), rural areas, and LAMIRDs that allow residential consistent with RCW 36.70a.540. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.10 Support alternative homeownership models that lower barriers to ownership and provide long-term affordability for all ages and abilities—particularly for youth, LGBTQ+ individuals, disabled residents, and families with low-incomes—such as community land trusts, limited or shared equity co-ops, and integrated multi- generational communities. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.11 Support legislative efforts to allow tax exemptions for housing in unincorporated urban growth areas for rural counties like Jefferson County. Include support for multifamily tax credits such as federal low-income housing tax credits (LIHTC) and project-based vouchers (Section 8). ▶ Policy HS-P-1.12 Ensure that affordable housing created or preserved using local public resources or by regulation maximizes the number of affordable units and retains its affordability over time for at least 50 years. Promote retention of affordability for properties with expiring covenants with county, state, or federal funds and incentives. Refer to Transportation Element, Public Transit Refer to Goal CE-G-12 in the Climate Element HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 267 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy HS-P-1.13 Establish long-term strategies to retain existing affordable housing through public incentives or incentives to developers for the longest possible term. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.14 Periodically review potential affordable housing barriers in the development regulations with for-profit and non-profit housing providers and community members. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.15 Develop residential anti-displacement strategies in collaboration with community-based organizations and social service providers. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.16 Review and enforce policies and adopt development regulations designed to ensure short-term rentals are registered and located in areas that are less disruptive to year-round residents. ▶ Policy HS-P-1.17 Prioritize housing types and locations that promote equity in access to opportunity across both urban and rural communities. Goal HS-G-2 Promote a variety of quality housing choices throughout the county with innovative land use practices, community redevelopment strategies, revised development regulations, design techniques, and building and infrastructure permit requirements. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.1 Explore regulatory opportunities that help minimize costs to developing affordable housing while ensuring that public health, safety, environmental quality standards, and carbon reduction and climate resilience standards are not compromised. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.2 Encourage and support greater opportunity for the development of innovative housing types to increase the inventory of affordable housing throughout the county. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.3 Work cooperatively with public and private housing experts on community redevelopment strategies, residential mixed-use development, single and multi-family attached housing, accessory dwelling units, middle housing, senior, and multi-care facilities, community housing, apartments, farmworker housing, tiny homes, etc. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.4 Prioritize moderate and higher density residential development in the UGA and in limited rural areas with access to available or planned services. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.5 Encourage development patterns, such as clustering, in Rural Village Centers and Urban Growth Areas provided adequate infrastructure and services are in place. Refer to Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban and related policies HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 268 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy HS-P-2.6 Pursue demonstration and pilot projects that document the safety and reliability of innovative technologies such as composting toilets, gray water systems, site-specific nutrient management plans, water conservation, and net zero energy systems that minimize housing development costs, reduce environmental impacts, and provide more affordable housing options throughout the county, especially for traditionally underserved and historically marginalized communities. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.7 In response to the critical lack of affordable housing, work with stakeholders to initiate housing developments in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and other established rural employment areas allowing higher residential density with a mix of housing typologies to meet housing needs at all income levels. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.8 To the fullest extent possible, review and revise development regulations to allow for manufactured home parks, other types of residential parks such as parks for tiny homes, RVs, and community land and housing trusts to increase available and affordable housing supplies. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.9 Consider allowing tiny homes and RVs as accessory dwelling units or where manufactured home parks are allowed. Adopt tiny home building standards such as Appendix Q, International Residential Code. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.10 To the fullest extent possible, adopt development regulations that provide bonus densities in return for providing a percentage of low or moderate-income housing units for multi-unit residences in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and Rural Village Centers. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.11 In the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, allow some residential development activity on approved alternative community wastewater treatment systems that do not preclude future hook-up to traditional sewer. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.12 Offer incentives and fee waivers in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, as funding is available, for infill housing such as ADUs and for lot consolidation, while also incorporating anti- displacement measures, like the development and promotion of community land trusts, to promote equitable housing in Jefferson County. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.13 Advocate the legislature for multifamily tax exemptions in unincorporated UGAs in smaller rural counties to support the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Port Hadlock Properties, PHA (top) and Zillow (bottom) HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 269 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy HS-P-2.14 Encourage programs to help homeowners— particularly extremely low-, very-low, and low-income households— access financing, technical support, or other tools needed to participate in and benefit from infill development opportunities. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.15 Support Commerce’s Low-Income Home Rehabilitation Revolving Loan Program for rural property owners. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.16 Support on-site sewage repair and on-site sewage system installation via grant and loan programs to help homeowners, particularly extremely low-, very-low, and low-income households. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.17 Incentivize the retention of naturally occurring affordable housing by making development standards more flexible when additional units are added to existing homes. ▶ Policy HS-P-2.18 Adopt clear and objective sustainable and climate- informed design guidelines for new development. Goal HS-G-3 Develop and maintain partnerships with housing assistance programs and other public and private groups and agencies to support maintenance and rehabilitation of existing housing stock and provide new and affordable housing opportunities. ▶ Policy HS-P-3.1 Support weatherization, housing rehabilitation and energy conservation activities and programs to ensure households are safe, well maintained, and climate resilient and as a means of preserving naturally occurring affordable housing. Programs should be focused on serving historically underserved communities and extremely low-, very low-, and low-income households. ▶ Policy HS-P-3.2 Coordinate with the Peninsula Housing Authority and other groups and agencies to identify areas most in need of rehabilitation assistance and infrastructure improvements, including historically underserved communities. To the extent possible, coordinate public investments in capital infrastructure with rehabilitation efforts. ▶ Policy HS-P-3.3 Coordinate with the City of Port Townsend regarding affordable housing, emergency and permanent supportive housing, and special needs household assistance and regulatory updates to support affordable housing development throughout Jefferson County, particularly for extremely low-, very-low, and low-income households. Fund staffing and other resources necessary to sustain continuous coordination regarding affordable housing. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 270 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy HS-P-3.4 Identify, preserve, and rehabilitate historically significant or naturally occurring affordable housing. Provide technical support for owners of such dwelling units in applying for appropriate assistance programs. ▶ Policy HS-P-3.5 Support opportunities to acquire land for affordable housing ahead of planned infrastructure investments or other investments that may increase land and housing costs. ▶ Policy HS-P-3.6 Leverage clean energy credits for extremely low- to moderate-income households to provide expanded energy efficiency incentives (e.g., Washington Families Clean Energy Credits Grant Program, Residential Energy Assistance Grant and Project Share programs). Goal HS-G-4 Pursue housing programs that address homelessness and encourage the development of housing for people with special needs such as seniors, vulnerable populations, historically marginalized groups, and people with disabilities. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.1 Continue to work with other jurisdictions and health and social service organizations to develop a coordinated, regional approach to homelessness. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.2 Allow for a continuum of care for special needs populations, including emergency and permanent supportive housing, transitory accommodations, transitional housing, assisted living, group homes, housing for those with a disability, housing for seniors, and housing for extremely low-, very-low, and low-income households. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.3 Continue to partner with regional housing developers and housing programs that encourage the development of emergency housing and permanent supportive housing, with efforts that prioritize accessibility, affordability, and services that support long-term stability and financial independence for vulnerable populations. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.4 Develop and implement a transitory accommodation permitting process that considers the variety of transitory accommodations that may be deployed for single-family, small, and large indoor and outdoor transitory accommodations in cooperation with willing public and private landowners. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.5 Coordinate with Olympic Community Action Programs, the Peninsula Housing Authority, nonprofit housing providers, and other public and private housing interests to ensure that low income and special needs housing is sited in locations adequately served by necessary support facilities and infrastructure and at reduced risk to climate change impacts (e.g., inland flood zones). HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 271 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy HS-P-4.6 Allow a range and balance of housing types for seniors affordable to all income levels, including nonspecialized units, specialized senior housing (including assisted living units), and nursing homes. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.7 Support housing options, programs, and services that allow seniors to stay in their homes or neighborhoods. Promote awareness of Universal Design improvements that increase housing accessibility. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.8 Support the efforts of public and private non-profit agencies which develop assisted housing and/or housing-related human services, such as services which enable residents to remain in their homes. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.9 Regulate group homes, foster care facilities, and other residential care facilities the same as similar residential structures occupied by a family or other unrelated individuals, with reasonable accommodations as needed. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.10 Enhance the county’s rental protection policies to establish, update, or strengthen tenant protections and resources. ▶ Policy HS-P-4.11 Coordinate with emergency housing providers to expand emergency shelter hours and availability during extreme weather events such as heat waves, wildfire smoke, and winter storms. 3.5 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 3-14 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Housing Element over the next ten years prior to the next periodic update, several in partnership with other entities: Exhibit 3-14 Housing Action Plan Action Description HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 272 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Remove Potential Barriers to Housing Evaluate short-term rentals using available local and state data sources. Determine if a registration program and limits on numbers, zones, or locations are appropriate to help ensure a sufficient housing supply for year-round residents. In the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, allow some development activity on approved alternative wastewater treatment systems. In the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, offer incentives and fee waivers, as funding is available, for infill housing such as ADUs and for lot consolidation. Participate in planning efforts with other jurisdictions and housing stakeholders to address housing affordability and those experiencing homelessness. Publish a residential development workflow/flowchart with predictable timelines, fees, cost considerations, and expectations (including possible causes for timeline extensions) to increase predictability and transparency of the permitting processes. Create additional housing opportunities Evaluate the overall role and purpose of emergency, transitional, and affordable housing categories—including types of structures such as tiny homes and RVs—and evaluate their place within housing strategies, including opportunities, locations, and consequences. Allow Homestead Parcels for resource lands and potentially agricultural activities on larger lots in rural areas. A minimum parent parcel size, and siting criteria, may need to be set to ensure that this allowance does not interfere with goals of supporting agriculture. Develop a housing incentives program for Urban (Irondale and Port Hadlock) and Rural areas to advance housing variety and affordability per RCW 36.70A.540. Emphasize the longevity of incentives to builders to maximize the number of affordable units and encourage permanent/long-term affordability. Consider utilizing surplus or underutilized public land for permanent affordability models to developers, non-profits, or other housing providers. Seek and promote funding sources to retain and add housing Advocate the legislature for multifamily tax exemptions in unincorporated UGAs in smaller rural counties. Pursue multi- family tax credits, especially at the federal level such as Low- Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) and project-based vouchers (Section 8) Support Commerce’s Low-Income Home Rehabilitation Revolving Loan Program for rural property owners. Determine how the county can help educate rural property owners about the program. Support expansion of federal tax credit programs, such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 273 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Regularly monitor housing production trends Create a plan for monitoring the type and number of new housing units added annually. Reassess policies and development regulations if housing production trends do not match needs identified in this element and Appendix E. Regularly review production trends with Planning Commission and the Board to discuss remediation strategies if needed. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. HOUSING Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 274 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank] OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 275 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 4 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Jefferson County OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 276 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 While the GMA does not require comprehensive plans to include a parks and recreation element absent state funding, the goals of the GMA include retention of open space, enhancement of recreational opportunities, development of parks and recreation facilities, and preservation of significant historical and cultural sites. Further, the county has a Parks, Recreation, and Open Space (PROS) Plan (2022) that sets forth the county’s system plan and helps the county’s eligibility for funding. The Jefferson County Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan is adopted by reference. This element draws from the system plan and connects land use and parks planning together to support healthy active lifestyles for county residents, supports the county’s tourism and recreation economic sector, and maintains the county’s rich cultural heritage. 4.1 PURPOSE Parks and recreational opportunities are important to quality of life in Jefferson County, and a key goal of this Comprehensive Plan is to classify, protect, and enhance parks and open space lands. The purpose of this element is to link them to a county-wide network, develop goals and policies to meet the demand for these facilities and services consistent with the GMA, and to incorporate by reference and integrate the Jefferson County Parks, Recreation & Open Space (PROS) Plan Update (2022) with the county’s overall comprehensive planning framework. The purpose of the Historical and Cultural Preservation component of this element is to encourage the preservation of historical and pre- European contact sites, structures and artifacts through designation criteria and review processes. 4.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES Conditions & Trends The overall system of parks and recreation located in Jefferson County includes a variety of lands and facilities under the management of Jefferson County, City of Port Townsend, school district, State, and Federal agencies. Approximately three-fourths of all This element supports the Vision Statement by promoting active recreation, and networks of trails, bikes lanes, and paths that support the agri-tourism economy and empower residents to make healthy choices. Additional concepts encourage collaboration with Tribes and appropriate agencies to identify and preserve cultural resources and character within the County. Policies are in place to ensure that government-to-government collaboration and consultation with local tribes is regular and ongoing. Connection to the Vision Statement OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 277 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 land in Jefferson County is publicly owned, most notably the Olympic National Park and the Olympic National Forest. Combined, these two areas cover nearly 2 million acres in central Jefferson County. Land owned by Washington State Parks, the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the DNR comprises an additional 5,000 acres of public recreational areas and 10 miles of shoreline. Parks owned and managed by Jefferson County are summarized in Exhibit 4-1. A detailed inventory of parks and recreation facilities, including parks, trails, community centers, and open space is contained in the PROS Plan. OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 278 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 4-1 Jefferson County Parks and Trails (2022) Parks Acres Location Neighborhood Parks 7.0 County Courthouse Park 2.0 Port Townsend Irondale Community Park 3.0 Port Hadlock Quilcene River & Bay Park East 2.0 Quilcene Jefferson County Parks 115.5 Bob Bates Field 12.0 Port Hadlock Cape George Trailhead 43.0 Port Townsend Chimacum County Park 14.0 Chimacum East Beach County Park 1.0 Marrowstone Island Hicks County Park in Shine 1.0 Port Ludlow Irondale Beach County Park 12.5 Port Hadlock Lake Leland County Park 9.0 Quilcene North Beach County Park 1.0 Port Townsend Quilcene County Park 8.0 Quilcene Quilcene Sports Park/Smackman Field 14.0 Quilcene Regional Parks 723.0 Beausite Lake County Park & NW Kiwanis Camp 30.0 Chimacum Gibbs Lake County Park & Trails 601.0 Chimacum H.J. Carroll County Park & Trail 50.0 Chimacum Larry Scott Trail & Olympic Discovery Trail 7.1 (9.0 mi) Port Townsend Oak Bay County Park Lower 30.0 Port Ludlow Oak Bay County Park Upper 5.0 Port Ludlow Natural Open Space 183.8 Indian Island County Park & Trail 140.0 Port Hadlock Broad Spit County Park 43.8 Quilcene Recreation Facilities 42.8 Special Use Areas Jefferson County Memorial Athletic Field 5.0 Port Townsend OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 279 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County Fairgrounds 27.7 Port Townsend Jefferson Co. Sportsmen’s Assn. 43.0 Quimper Community Centers Port Townsend Community Center 1.0 Port Townsend Brinnon Community Center NA Brinnon Coyle Community Center (Laurel B. Johnson) 1.0 South Toandos Gardiner Community Center 2.0 Gardner Tri-Area Community Center 2.0 Port Hadlock Quilcene Community Center 4.1 Quilcene Total Jefferson County Parks 1,072.1 Sources: Jefferson County Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan, 2022; Jefferson County, 2025, BERK 2025. Challenges & Opportunities The PROS Plan includes a detailed needs assessment for each category of park and recreation facility and establishes guidance for future recreation system planning, including gaps and major service challenges, as well as opportunities for partnerships and other means of expanding and improving the facilities available to county residents. Challenges and opportunities identified in the prior version of the PROS plan (2015) include the following: ▶ Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend have sufficient acreage in neighborhood and community parks to meet projected demand, but additional funding and/or partnerships will be necessary to ensure ongoing maintenance. ▶ Jefferson County has a large amount of regional park acreage, but due to the large and complex nature of such facilities, additional funding sources may be necessary to make future operations sustainable. ▶ Regional trails are a highly valued park amenity greatly desired by the public, and the development of additional trails to meet demand is a high priority for parks and recreation capital planning. ▶ Special Use facilities, such as athletic fields and recreation centers, require significant commitments and funding for maintenance and continued operation. Additional programming at recreation centers, specifically programs for children, are in high demand. An 80-acre equestrian park was proposed on county-owned property near the solid waste facility by a local equestrian OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 280 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 organization. This use area has not been developed, and is removed from the special use facilities list. In the same area, the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association (JCSA) operates on a 43-acre property leased from the county. This facility was previously omitted from the special use facility list but is now added. These changes leave a 26.2-acre shortfall in 2045 from meeting the PROS Plan’s adopted LOS standard for special use facilities based on the current population and updated facility inventory (see Appendix D). ▶ The parks system, while clean and in serviceable condition, has a large backlog of maintenance projects including small, medium, and large projects. ▶ Jefferson County beach parks are suffering from periodic flooding due to sea level rise, as well as erosion by storms made worse by climate change. ▶ There are not enough campsites in the park system, and existing campsites are small and primitive. ▶ There is a shortage of athletic fields for youth and adult sports. ▶ There is a shortage of specialized recreation facilities such as pickleball courts, bicycle pump–track, mountain bike park, picnic shelters, accessible outdoor facilities, wildlife viewing areas, and outdoor gathering space for large groups such as families or organizations ▶ There is a lack of mobility accessibility throughout parks. In addition, Jefferson County faces a fundamental challenge common to many counties in the necessity to provide recreation services to a decentralized population over a large area with limited resources, particularly regarding western Jefferson County, which contains a relatively isolated population with few county facilities. Refer to the Transportation Element for additional information at the heading Non- motorized Trails & Standards. The importance in providing these opportunities for physical activity and recreation is reflected in data cited in the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) and other healthy living programs. Policies in this element help to provide recreation opportunities and facilitates the CHIP goal for Jefferson County residents to get the appropriate levels of physical activity and create positive health outcomes regarding chronic disease prevention. Related to western Jefferson County The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) is addressed in the following Elements: Land Use Land Use & Public Health Natural Resources Open Space, Parks & Rec. Challenges & Opportunities Environment Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques Transportation Active Living Community Health Improvement Plan OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 281 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 4.3 OPEN SPACE, PARKS & RECREATION, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION PLAN Jefferson County Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan The 2022 PROS Plan establishes a framework to guide the acquisition, development and improvement of park areas and facilities and the provision of recreational services throughout Jefferson County. It is designed to meet the county’s recreational, social, and cultural needs now and into the future. Parks and recreation facilities must be recognized as valuable not only to county residents, but also visitors. As Jefferson County grows in population, demands on parks and recreational facilities increase. Recreational opportunities are one important measurement of community livability in that they help to build strong neighborhoods and promote a high quality of life. Parks and recreation planning should be flexible enough to meet the ever-changing demands of the community, yet comprehensive enough to assure that the needs of the community are consistently met. This plan examines and addresses current needs, desires, and opportunities with an eye toward historical information relevant to parks and recreation development. Population factors, land use, and general geographic features of the county are also vital considerations within the plan. The PROS Plan is adopted by reference as a part of this Comprehensive Plan. This document provides an inventory of park and recreation facilities and programs under Jefferson County jurisdiction. It also establishes standards, goals, objectives and programs for parks, open space, recreation facilities, wildlife resources and special historical and cultural resources and presents a strategy for providing facilities and programs to meet the needs of the county’s residents and visitors. The PROS Plan is consistent with the Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO) and the GMA Comprehensive Plan Guidelines. OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 282 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Open Space As defined under the Washington State Open Space Taxation Act (RCW 84.34.020), "Open space land" means: ▶ any land area so designated by an official comprehensive land use plan adopted by any city or county and zoned accordingly, or ▶ any land area, the preservation of which in its present use would — conserve and enhance natural or scenic resources, or — protect streams or water supply, or — promote conservation of soils, wetlands, beaches, or tidal marshes, or — enhance the value to the public of abutting or neighboring parks, forests, wildlife preserves, nature reservations or sanctuaries or other open space, or — enhance recreation opportunities, or — preserve historical sites, or — preserve visual quality along highway, road, and street corridors or scenic vistas, or — retain in its natural state tracts of land not less than one acre situated in an urban area and open to public use on such conditions as may be reasonably required by the legislative body granting the open space classification, or; ▶ any land meeting the definition of farm and agricultural conservation land. In addition to the goals and objectives for open spaces in this element, and the PROS Plan, residents can participate in an Open Space Tax Program – current use assessment offered by the county, that evaluates lands using a rating system based on the criteria above to identify potential public benefit and provide a reduction in property tax. Jefferson Land Trust, an accredited, nonprofit, grassroots land conservation organization, works to protect open space, working lands, and wildlife habitat in Jefferson County. Founded in 1989, Jefferson Land Trust has helped protect nearly 18,500 acres throughout Jefferson County, including farmland, fish and wildlife habitat, working forest, and urban open space.78 Key properties include Quimper Wildlife Corridor, Chai-yahk-wh Preserve on Marrowstone Island, the Tarboo Wildlife Preserve, the Illahee Preserve in the Chimacum Creek Watershed, and Valley View Forest, a 75-acre forest near Chimacum Corner. 78 Jefferson Land Trust 2023-24 Report to Our Community, 2024 OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 283 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Other organizations that are active in land conservation in Jefferson County include the Jefferson County Conservation District, a district that helps land users conserve natural resources and collaborate with partner organizations to support conservation and restoration projects throughout the community.79 Jefferson County Public Health also has a local grant program, the Jefferson County Conservation Future Fund, a local property-tax funded grant program that supports the purchase of development rights, land, and operations to preserve open space, farmland, forests, and habitat.80 Historical & Cultural Resource Preservation The area that is now Jefferson County is home to and visited by many Native American groups, including the Chemakum, Hoh, S’Klallam/Klallam, Makah, Quileute, Quinault, Suquamish and Skokomish peoples. Permanent village sites and activity areas were concentrated near ocean and riparian resources for food access and mobility, however few villages were located in the upland river systems for access to upland resources. The First People were hunters and gatherers, using canoes to fish, hunt whales and seals, and collect shellfish. They also hunt land mammals and birds, collect and manage food and medicinal plants, and extensively used forest resources, creating most of their material culture from wood, other botanical material, and bone. Evidence of the First People’s activities can be found throughout Jefferson County, especially archaeological sites along the coasts and rivers. Specialized activity sites, such as seasonal camps and cedar gathering areas can be found inland. Sites of religious importance are known through oral traditions and early documents. The primacy of these First People to Jefferson County is preserved in place names throughout the county. The Hoh Tribe and Quinault Indian Nation still occupy land in West Jefferson County. Successors of the Klallam Tribe have sovereign lands in adjoining Clallam County (Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe) and adjoining Kitsap County (Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe). A successor to the Twana Tribe, the Skokomish Tribe, has its tribal nation in adjoining Mason County. 79 Jefferson County Conservation District, 2025 80 Jefferson County Public Health Conservation Futures Fund Program, 2025 OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 284 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The preservation of Jefferson County’s cultural resources is important for many reasons. These resources help us retain community values; provide for continuity over time; represent an enduring link to tribal cultural traditions; and contribute to a sense of place. This link is also important for Jefferson County because of the often-forward-looking tribal perspective that is provided on many current issues. To protect cultural resources for future generations, it is important to set goals and policies designed to identify, designate, preserve, and reuse irreplaceable remnants of the past in a way that honors their history and cultural significance. In addition to the goals and policies in this element, the PROS Plan Update 2022, contains goals and policies in Chapter 2 on Special Historical and Cultural Resources and Use Areas, and the county maintains a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) mapping sites of significance and establishing discovery protocols. Significant archaeological and historical sites are also considered high priority resources in the Open Space Tax Program. OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 285 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 4.4 GOALS & POLICIES The goals outlined below provide a general direction for the maintenance and enhancement of Jefferson County’s open space lands, parks and recreation facilities, and historical and cultural resources. These goals are based on the requirements of the GMA, consistent with the PROS Plan, and on the issues and opportunities identified by county residents. As with all elements of this Comprehensive Plan, goals state the general growth management intentions of the county while policies are the guidelines for implementation and provide the basis for the development standards contained in the UDC. Also see Chapter 2 of the PROS Plan for Goals and Objectives. Goal OS-G-1 Preserve and improve the quality, value, and extent of open space lands. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.1 Work collaboratively with public and private groups, residents, and tribes to develop a financially sustainable, high quality, diversified open space system, including campgrounds and trail network linkages, that preserves and enhances significant environmental resources and features. Continue to look at feasibility of expanding campground parks as a revenue generator. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.2 Establish, conserve and regionally connect a sustainable system of open space corridors or separators to provide definition between natural areas and urban land uses. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.3 Encourage public enrollment in the current-use or open space tax program (Chapter 84.34 RCW) for open space lands. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.4 Identify and conserve critical wildlife habitat, including nesting sites, foraging areas, and migration corridors within or adjacent to natural areas, open spaces, and developed urban areas. Preserve especially sensitive habitat sites that support threatened species and wildlife habitat in developed areas. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.5 Promote open space network linkages throughout the county that connect Urban Areas, Rural Centers, schools, parks, or recreation sites, and support active transportation and tourism by bicycle, horse, or foot. Physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle, and the Parks, Recreation, Historical, and Cultural Preservation Element plays a central role in promoting public health in Jefferson County. The Plan’s Vision recognizes that the natural environment and open spaces are integral to healthy lifestyles and offer residents many benefits, including clean air, clean water, and healthy food. Framework Goal VIII of the Plan Foundation calls for the promotion of community safety and well-being by creating access to “active recreation that empowers residents to make healthy choices.” Awareness of the benefits and importance of healthy environments is reflected in the Community Health Improvement Plan. This Element and the 2022 PROS Plan provide a framework for increasing access to recreational amenities for Jefferson County residents and making it easier for them to make those healthy choices. Active & Healthy Living OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 286 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy OS-P-1.6 Preserve and protect significant environmental features including unique wetlands, open spaces, mature trees, woodlands, shorelines, waterfronts and other characteristics that support wildlife and reflect Jefferson County’s resource heritage. Improve public access to critical areas and sites that are especially unique to the Jefferson County area in a sustainable manner. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.7 Promote the inclusion of open space in development proposals by encouraging and promoting residential clustering and design. ▶ Policy OS-P-1.8 Ensure that the development of new parks adequately addresses the open space objectives of both the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan and the Jefferson County Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan. Goal OS-G-2 Develop a high-quality, accessible system of multipurpose park trails and corridors that access significant environmental features, public facilities, and developed local neighborhoods and business districts. ▶ Policy OS-P-2.1 Create a comprehensive system of accessible multipurpose off-road trails using public as well as cooperating private properties where appropriate. ▶ Policy OS-P-2.2 Create a comprehensive system of on-road bicycle routes for commuter, recreational, and touring enthusiasts using scenic, collector, and local road rights-of-way that link residential neighborhoods to Jefferson County facilities. Consider separated bike lanes when possible, to promote safety and more accessible ridership. ▶ Policy OS-P-2.3 Work with other public agencies and appropriate parties to link, extend, and maintain trails along the Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and Strait of Juan de Fuca shorelines with elementary, middle, and high schools, downtown business districts and other commercial and retail activity centers, as well as extend trails through natural area corridors and campground areas, to provide diverse and sustainable environmental experiences. ▶ Policy OS-P-2.4 Pursue and encourage public involvement in open space, parks, and recreation planning through a variety of methods including advisory boards, workshops, and news releases. Refer to Transportation Element, Goal TR-G-5 Irondale Park Waterfront, Carolyn Gallaway Steps to Ludlow Falls, Carolyn Gallaway OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 287 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy OS-P-2.5 When developing or upgrading park facilities and infrastructure, consider maintenance and operation cost, and utilize sustainable development and green building practices to lessen the impact on the environment and increase climate resilience. ▶ Policy OS-P-2.6 Minimize impacts on wildlife and cultural resources as new trails are developed. Goal OS-G-3 Encourage the multiple use of open spaces and wildlife corridors. ▶ Policy OS-P-3.1 Encourage appropriate recreational uses within critical areas, such as floodplains, to also preserve open spaces. ▶ Policy OS-P-3.2 Review development proposals to evaluate opportunities for multiple use of proposed open space. The open space should be of a quality, quantity, and configuration which ensures that a suitable portion of the site is designated for conservation, food plants and trees, passive recreation, and, where appropriate, active recreation. ▶ Policy OS-P-3.3 Protect and encourage forest canopy cover in open spaces for climate resilience in the form of cool refuges for residents and increased carbon sinks. Goal OS-G-4 Develop and maintain public park and recreational facilities that are inclusive, youth-friendly, physically accessible, and responsive to the diverse needs and interests of Jefferson County residents and visitors. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.1 Investigate innovative available methods for the financing of facility development, maintenance, and operations to reduce costs, retain financial flexibility, match user benefits and interests, and increase facility services, while including joint ventures with other public and private agencies when feasible. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.2 Develop recreational opportunities and programs that enhance, support, and utilize the existing facilities to the highest degree possible. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.3 Maintain and improve resources and facilities currently in the system. When financially feasible and sustainable, develop a high quality, diversified recreation system that provides accessibility for all age, abilities, and interest groups. Lower Oak Bay County Park OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 288 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy OS-P-4.4 Define existing and proposed levels of service for recreation lands and facilities that address both increased requirements due to population growth and improved facility standards. Levels of Service should address neighborhood versus county nexus of benefit and differentiate between Jefferson County, City of Port Townsend, and other provider agency efforts. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.5 Establish a funding source within the county or within other organizations, to develop parks programs; and seek funding for recreational programming and facilities that is responsive to geographic equity and provides a low threshold of entry for all to participate. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.6 Ensure that parks and recreation facilities along marine shores, lakes and streams are compatible with the goals, policies, and performance standards of the Jefferson County Shoreline Master Program. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.7 Require developers of new residential subdivisions to provide land, facilities, or in-lieu-of payments for neighborhood parks and recreation, when appropriate. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.8 Encourage the provision of public parks and private parks concurrent with development. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.9 Promote cooperative efforts, joint project development, and long-range planning with other public agencies, Tribes, the private sector, and community groups and volunteers to create and maintain open space, parks, and recreational areas. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.10 Prioritize spaces that promote safety, social connection, recreation, and creative expression for young people of all backgrounds, including BIPOC, LGBTQ+, disabled, rural, and low- income individuals. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.11 Prioritize providing equitable access to recreational programming to underserved and historically marginalized communities. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.12 Support and promote the stewardship of open space and parks facilities by community volunteer groups and educational institutions. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.13 Consult with tribes in a meaningful way when developing recreation that impacts their ancestral lands within the county. ▶ Policy OS-P-4.14 Encourage respectful recreation that honors the place and recognizes the ancestral significance of the area for local tribes. Mt. Walker Trail Sign, Carolyn Gallaway OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 289 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy OS-P-4.15 Expand equitable access to culturally relevant programming in parks and recreation spaces. Goal OS-G-5 Work with tribes and other appropriate agencies and community groups to identify, preserve, and celebrate significant cultural and historical resources that reflect the heritage of Jefferson County’s diverse community. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.1 Support the efforts of the Jefferson County Historical Society, local Tribes, and other interested groups, to: ▶ Assist in identifying, evaluating, and designating historical and pre-contact sites, structures, districts, practices, and artifacts of cultural significance for inclusion on appropriate national, state, and/or local registers; ▶ Help develop methods to link cultural resource preservation with tourism and local and tribal economic development strategies. ▶ Partner with Tribes and other agencies in implementing protocols for inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources and human remains through consultation. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.2 Address the historic context in which a cultural resource may exist—especially with regard to scale, bulk, and compatibility—if development applications contain or are adjacent to cultural resources. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.3 Support cultural spaces, places, and areas of significance for the tribes and local BIPOC communities. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.4 Protect culturally modified trees (CMTs) in consultation with local tribes, and through development regulations and forest management. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.5 Ensure that local tribes are involved early in planning processes to reflect the importance of tribal communities to the county and its future in the region. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.6 Ensure that tribal sovereignty and treaty rights are recognized and respected throughout the planning process. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.7 Ensure tribes have access to critical areas for harvesting and gathering. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.8 Identify opportunities for cultural placemaking through arts and local events. From the Collection of the Jefferson County Historical Society OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 290 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy OS-P-5.9 Support and encourage cultural and arts programs that facilitate involvement, engagement, communication, understanding, and respect among the county’s diverse population. Partner with the tribes and local BIPOC groups to document and preserve the county’s diverse histories. ▶ Policy OS-P-5.10 Encourage and support grants or funding opportunities for cultural preservation initiatives led by historically marginalized groups OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 291 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 4.5 ACTION PLAN The PROS Plan includes a detailed implementation plan, based on the needs assessment and capital improvement plan contained in that document. The action plan in Exhibit 4-2 highlights a combination of implementation measures based on the policies of the PROS Plan and this element. Exhibit 4-2 Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Resources Action Plan Action Description Jefferson County Park and Recreational Resources Continue implementation of the PROS Plan. Maintain and optimize services at existing recreational facilities. Implement facility improvements, expansions, and acquisitions according to the PROS Plan Capital Improvement Plan. Continue developing partnerships and volunteerism to ensure adequate staffing and increase available programming at Jefferson County recreation facilities. Continue funding and development of trails projects to create community linkages. Partner with the City of Port Townsend and the State of Washington Department of Transportation (WSDOT) to plan future corridors and identify feasible funding opportunities. Bring parks and recreational programming to underserved populations Identify underserved populations, whether by geography or by other barriers to participation, and implement strategies to serve those populations with updated parks programming and facilities accessible to a wide range of ages and abilities. Seek to establish a consistent funding source for parks programs, recreational programming, and facilities. Review service standards and inventory in the next PROS Plan update. Address any existing deficiencies (e.g., special use facilities) and consider location of parks relative to historically marginalized and underserved populations in the next PROS Plan update. Consider revisions to park ELOS as needed. Historical and Cultural Preservation Develop internal inventory of historical and culturally sensitive sites to aid development permit review. Partner with tribes, community groups, and other agencies to identify culturally significant sites that could be adversely impacted by development and establish development permit review procedures to protect culturally significant locations. Incorporate information from DAHP, such as the WISAARD database, to supplement local knowledge of culturally significant sites. Continue to develop collaborative relationships and consult with area tribes. Identify Jefferson County’s historical sites and seek ways to preserve high-priority historical elements. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. OPEN SPACE, PARKS & REC, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 292 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 293 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 5 Environment 5.1 PURPOSE Jefferson County enjoys substantial, intact, high-quality ecosystems and natural environmental features. The county stretches from the shores of the Pacific coast over the wilderness of the Olympic Mountains to the banks of Admiralty Inlet and Hood Canal. Protection, enhancement, and sustainable use of the environment are an integral part of Jefferson County’s ethos and a significant reason why people visit, recreate, or relocate here. The county is relatively undeveloped with over 95% current land uses consisting of forestry or parks and open space (including the national park). Likewise, approximately 77% of land with Jefferson County zoning designations (which does not include the national park) are dedicated to forestry as well as to parks and open space (approximately 331,000 acres). The preponderance of low densities, working forestlands combined with vast acreages devoted to the federal Olympic National Forest, and Olympic National Park create a local environmental quality that is superior to the urban and urbanizing jurisdictions to the east. The county, through its Comprehensive Plan and development regulations, has designated growth management policies ensuring strong environmental protections, while addressing Steve Schauer This element, in coordination with Element 9 – Climate, supports the Vision Statement by addressing the conservation of open spaces, shorelines, forests, clean air and clean water, and wildlife and wildlife habitat and by setting forth goals and policies on conserving and protecting important environmental resources. Additional concepts anticipate and respond to climate change and promote use of environmentally friendly development techniques. Connection to the Vision Statement ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 294 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 the housing, economic, social, and healthy living needs of its residents. While the Environment Element is optional under the GMA, the county developed this element embodying county leaders’ and residents’ deep commitment to sustainably managing the high-quality environment and high-functioning ecosystems while balancing the needs of county residents and visitors. 5.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES Environmental Considerations Jefferson County protects the natural environment in part through its Unified Development Code (UDC) which includes the county’s Critical Areas Ordinance (CAO), Shoreline Master Program (SMP), stormwater management standards, and other regulations concerning environmental quality. Further, Jefferson County cooperatively plans with other public and private stakeholders to address the following important environmental factors in the county: ▶ Engaging in watershed planning and fish habitat recovery. ▶ Designating and protecting critical areas. ▶ Regulating shorelines. ▶ Addressing environmental impacts as part of conditional use permitting and State Environmental Policy Act reviews. ▶ Recognizing and soliciting the knowledge and experience of the Indigenous population in support of countywide environmental planning and sustainability efforts. ▶ Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change, ensuring that vulnerable populations benefit equally from climate adaptation strategies. ▶ Protecting forestland, kelp forests, and other ecosystems as greenhouse gas sinks. ▶ Implementing environmentally friendly development techniques. ▶ Reducing environmental nuisance factors. Each of these considerations are summarized below. Watershed Planning & Fish Habitat Recovery Jefferson County plans for its watersheds under Washington State rules designating watershed areas. Jefferson County contains Water ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 295 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Resource Inventory Areas (WRIAs) 16, 17, 18 and 22 in East Jefferson County and WRIAs 20 and 21 in West Jefferson County. WRIA 17 is considered by the Department of Ecology to be one of the 16 critical “water short” basins in the State of Washington, meaning that more water has been allocated via water rights than is available and necessary to support healthy fish populations.81 WRIAs 18 and 22 are on federal lands not subject to local goals, policies, or regulations. See Exhibit 5-1. 81 Washington State Department of Ecology, 2003. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 296 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 5-1 WRIAs in Jefferson County ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 297 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: BERK, 2025. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 298 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Watershed plans assist in updating development regulations. Jefferson County specifically considers water resources, watershed plans and the natural environment in UDC development regulations for critical areas, shorelines, resource lands, open space, stormwater management, and conditional use standards. Further, Jefferson County partners with local, State, and tribal agencies to jointly develop and implement comprehensive integrated watershed and salmon recovery plans. Under Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill (ESSB) 6091, Jefferson County may continue to issue well permits consistent with RCW 90.44.050 in WRIA 16, WRIA 20, and WRIA 21, all of which are not regulated by an instream flow rule. No further action is required by ESSB 6091 to modify WRIA 17, which has a post-2001 instream flow rule that regulates permit-exempt well withdrawals, and thus complies with the GMA. The 2009 Water Resource Management Program for WRIA 17 allocates an amount of water available for future use by reserve management areas (WAC 173-517-150). These reserves are available to a user only if the conditions set forth in WAC 173-517-150 are met, as well as any applicable requirements of law, including, but not limited to, all water resource laws and regulations. When each reserve is fully appropriated, the applicable reserve management areas are closed to any further consumptive appropriation. Under such circumstances, water for new uses may be available in accordance with WAC 173-517-110. Designating & Protecting Critical Areas Jefferson County is required under the GMA to designate and protect critical areas. Protection of Critical Areas includes a review of the best available science regarding the functions and values of critical areas. When updating critical areas rules, counties and cities are required to include best available science in the updates. In addition, counties and cities are required to consider conservation or protection measures necessary to preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries. Jefferson County has a CAO to designate and protect critical areas and to ensure no net loss of the functions and values of critical areas and their buffers. ▶ “Critical areas” is a term in the GMA to describe environmentally sensitive natural features as well as resources that are important to public health, safety and welfare. The following are identified as critical areas through RCW 36.70A.030 as. ▶ Frequently flooded areas. ▶ Geologically hazardous areas. ▶ Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas. ▶ Wetlands. Carolyn Gallaway ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 299 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Regulating Shorelines Jefferson County contains extensive shoreline resources which significantly contribute to the environment, economy, and recreation of the county and its residents. Jefferson County adopted a comprehensive update and a periodic update to its SMP in 2014 and 2025, respectively, with goals, policies, and development regulations consistent with the Shoreline Management Act (SMA). The SMP is considered part of the county’s Comprehensive Plan and development regulations and is subject to a periodic (every ten years) review schedule. The SMP establishes a regulatory framework balancing environmental protection with use and enjoyment of shoreline functions. The overall intent of the SMP is to protect ecological resources, allow for preferred shoreline uses, and promote public access to enjoy the shoreline. Addressing Environmental Impacts in Conditional Use & the State Environmental Policy Act This Comprehensive Plan has implementing development regulations which establish development standards relating to specific uses. Certain uses require a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) under the UDC. The CUP approval criteria require consideration of environmental factors as a part of the CUP decision-making process. For example, the CUP criteria require that the applicant demonstrate that the proposed use is not likely to cause significant adverse impacts on the human or natural environments that cannot be mitigated through conditions of approval. The State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) requires that all local jurisdictions evaluate the potential environmental impacts of government actions—including the issuance of permits—unless exempt under state statute or rule. The SEPA process is a part of the Jefferson County UDC and applied to all projects. Typically, the SEPA process requires the county to determine if there is a significant adverse environmental impact and whether those impacts can be mitigated or require further, more in-depth, environmental review. Jefferson County works cooperatively with permit applicants to identify, avoid and, if necessary, mitigate environmental impacts of proposed development projects. The SEPA and conditional use permitting processes are part of how the county maintains, oversees and ensures the long-term sustainability of high-functioning environments. Moreover, the SEPA and conditional use permitting process is part and partner with other regulatory processes, such as the SMP and CAO, that help to ensure long-term protection and viability of the county’s high environmental quality. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 300 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Addressing Climate Change Climate change is a global phenomenon that has the potential for significant local impacts to natural resources and ecosystem functions, as well as human health, infrastructure, agriculture, and the economy. The Washington Department of Commerce has developed Climate Planning Guidance.82 In addition, the Climate Impacts Group (CIG) led development of a map tool and summary of local climate change impacts in the Pacific Northwest by county.83 Based on a range of climate change model projections and peer-reviewed scientific publications, climate variability and change may affect the Puget Sound region significantly between 2030 and 2100 by altering key climate-related factors shaping the local environment, including temperature, precipitation, heavy rainfall events, sea level, ocean acidification, and seasonal natural variability.84 See the Climate Element for more information. Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques & Public Health Environmentally friendly development techniques can help communities achieve a balance between growth and quality-of-life. Jefferson County encourages the use of low-impact techniques, and other innovations in housing and industry that benefit overall ecosystem vitality and biodiversity while aiding ecological restoration and adapting to climate disruption. Recognizing the interrelatedness of a healthy natural environment and environmentally friendly built environment, the policies addressed in this element help to achieve goals of the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) and the 2019 Community Health Assessment (CHA) regarding chronic disease prevention. In addition, Jefferson County Public Health recently assessed environmental and climate health threats and adaptation opportunities in east Jefferson County to understand how the health department can best support community resilience and adaptation to current and future health risks related to environmental threats. Goals and policies in this element support key opportunities identified in the 2025 Environmental and Climate Health Threats and Adaptation 82 (Washington Department of Commerce, 2024). 83 (Raymond, 2022). 84 (Climate Impacts Group, 2015), (Chang, 2023). Jefferson County has been proactively addressing greenhouse gas emissions since adoption of its first greenhouse gas reduction goal in 2007 and creation of the 2008 joint Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend Climate Action Committee. In 2024, the County updated its greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal and adopted a new carbon sequestration goal (see County Resolution No. 30-0603-24). These were based on the following reports researched, written, and approved by the Climate Action Committee: the 2018 Greenhouse Gas Inventory, 2020 Greenhouse Gas Community Emissions Reduction Opportunities (based on the 2018 inventory), and the Forest and Trees Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2001–2016 and Next Steps. Proactive Approach to GHG Emissions The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) is addressed in the following Elements: Land Use Land Use & Public Health Natural Resources Open Space, Parks & Rec. Challenges & Opportunities Environment Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques Transportation Active Living Community Health Improvement Plan ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 301 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 report (for example, working to restore fish habitat and address flooding and erosion concerns can reduce the impact of heavy rain and river flooding). See also the Land Use Element and Climate Element. Environmental Nuisance Factors Given the rural nature of the county, individual households are typically located on large lots that exist individually or form a small community or are part of more established higher-density rural communities such as Chimacum, Quilcene, or Brinnon. Each landowner has a right for a nuisance-free quality of life. Occasionally, bright lights, loud noise, offensive odors, or other nuisances disrupt the rural quality of life. Some categories of nuisances, such as bright lights or loud noise related to traffic and other land uses, can also degrade the quality of the natural environment for wildlife. Jefferson County citizens typically make inquiries as to what laws, regulations, or programs exist to help address environmental nuisances. In general, private individual landowners are encouraged to engage in civil dialogue with their neighbors on adjacent properties where nuisances may originate. Where there is legitimate and serious life, safety, or public welfare issues at stake, state and local regulatory enforcement programs are able to address and abate associated nuisance factors. Examples include unauthorized dumping, hazardous solid waste, and threats to environmental public health. Additional examples include unsafe structures, homes without building permits, and derelict structures. Rural living requires balancing civic engagement with maintenance of rural lifestyles. There are not always political or regulatory answers to address environmental nuisance factors. The Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan, along with implementing development regulations, assists in ensuring that future residential developments occur in a way that does not create adjacent incompatible land uses that are associated with environmental nuisance factors. For example, the Jefferson County UDC requires that certain uses obtain a Conditional Use Permit (CUP), allowing the county to proactively limit generation of potential land use-related nuisances through the CUP approval process. Balancing Environmental Protection with Community Needs The resilience of the county’s local environment, economy, and culture all yield benefits for current residents and future generations. Although these objectives are not mutually exclusive, activities that capitalize on one or more of those variables to provide benefits can cause harm to ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 302 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 the other variables. The health of Jefferson County’s communities and the environment is strongest when consideration of these values is balanced and integrated into all planning activities. Environmental protection in Jefferson County must be considered in relation to the goals and policies found within other parts of this Comprehensive Plan, including economic development opportunities and social objectives, such as environmental justice. At the same time, pursuit of economic development and social objectives must be considered in relation to the goals and policies of this Environment element. Jefferson County’s natural setting is one of the county’s economic strengths. Protection of the environment must be balanced with the need for economic development. For example, critical area and SMP development regulations were established to protect critical areas, buffers, shorelands, and shoreline waterbodies, but flexibility was incorporated to accommodate appropriate uses if impacts could be minimized and mitigated while ensuring no net loss of critical areas functions and values. SMPs, in particular, are expressly designed to safeguard the environment in shoreline jurisdiction and simultaneously allow water-oriented uses and public access in those highly desirable lands, which directly and indirectly support economic activity associated with recreation, aquaculture, and maritime businesses, among others. Special administrative pathways, such as CUPs and Variances, also provide project proponents an opportunity to gain approval for a development if they can demonstrate that criteria are met. In addition, social objectives discussed throughout this Comprehensive Plan, such as affordable and diverse housing and healthy living opportunities, are fundamental to the community’s future vision. Protection, rehabilitation, and enhancement of Jefferson County’s natural environment should allow for flexible and innovative development or investment that meets environmental and quality-of-life goals. To ensure this holistic approach, the County’s environment, economic, and social strategies will also recognize treaty-reserved rights and include formal engagement with tribal partners whenever County actions, such as permitting or rulemaking, impact these protected resources. 5.3 ENVIRONMENT PLAN Jefferson County is required under the GMA to designate and protect critical areas. Protection of critical areas includes a review of the best available science on the function and values of critical areas. In addition, counties and cities are required to consider conservation or protection measures necessary to preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries. Hoh River, Carolyn Gallaway ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 303 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County has a CAO to designate and protect critical areas and ensure no net loss of the functions and values of critical areas and their buffers. Jefferson County’s CAO regulates critical aquifer recharge areas (Exhibit 5-2 and Exhibit 5-3), frequently flooded areas (Exhibit 5-4), geologically hazardous areas (Exhibit 5-5), fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas (Exhibit 5-6), and wetlands (Exhibit 5-4). The maps below generally depict the approximate location and extent of known or potential critical areas. Site-specific studies may be necessary to confirm the presence or absence, boundaries, and/or character of critical areas in support of development applications. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 304 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 5-2 Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas: Susceptible Aquifer Recharge Areas (SUSC) and Special Aquifer Recharge Protection Areas (SARPA) ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 305 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025. Exhibit 5-3 Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas: Seawater Intrusion Protection Zones ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 306 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025. Exhibit 5-4 Hydrography: Frequently Flooded Areas, Streams, and Wetlands ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 307 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 308 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 5-5 Geologically Hazardous Areas ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 309 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: Other data sources, such as the Ecology Coastal Atlas and the DNR mapping, also show potential locations of geologically hazardous areas within the county. Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 310 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Exhibit 5-6 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas: Fish-Habitat Inventory & State/Federal Listed Species Habitats ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 311 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: The Pacific Ocean, Puget Sound, and Hood Canal waters are also listed species habitat but are not shown on this map for simplicity. Source: Jefferson County Community Development, 2025. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 312 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 5.4 GOALS & POLICIES The goals outlined below provide direction for the protection of Jefferson County’s environmental features in a balanced relationship with other elements in this Comprehensive Plan As in all elements of this Comprehensive Plan, the goals are general statements while policies are more specific. Goals state the general growth management intentions of the county while the policies are the processes for implementation. Note that there is considerable overlap between the Goals and Policies in chapter 9 – Climate and those presented below. A review of both sections is advised. Water Resources Goal EN-G-1 Ensure a sustainable and safe water supply for residential, economic, and environmental needs that relies on conservation and other current technologies, while incorporating the most current climate projections into supply planning. ▶ Policy EN-P-1.1 Work cooperatively with water supply purveyors, public utility districts, and other experts at federal, state, local, and tribal governments and private non-profit organizations, to preserve and protect existing water supplies. Work with these entities to address future water supply needs, recognizing that future water supplies may be at risk due to droughts or other rainfall variations caused by climate change. Consider utilization of alternative water sources that are compatible with environmental protection. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 313 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal EN-G-2 Protect the quality and quantity of surface, ground, and marine water resources through locally implemented shoreline and critical areas development regulations, and other related environmental programs. ▶ Policy EN-P-2.1 Ensure that Jefferson County critical areas development regulations and water quality programs are designed to complement related regulations and programs developed and implemented by state and federal agencies. For ease of administration and enforcement, reference related programs implemented by state and federal agencies within relevant county plans and development regulations. ▶ Policy EN-P-2.2 Preserve the environmental functions of surface and ground water resources by retaining native vegetation and open spaces where feasible and by requiring mitigation measures for land use activities that may adversely impact surface and ground water. ▶ Policy EN-P-2.3 Work with the Department of Ecology and other agencies to minimize saltwater intrusion, to evaluate ground water resources that have been damaged either by salt water intrusion or other contamination, and to identify technically and financially feasible measures for remediation of adverse impacts. Areas prone to saltwater intrusion should be mapped, and appropriate limitations on development in those areas should be considered. ▶ Policy EN-P-2.4 Promote best management practices and voluntary open space conservation to protect critical areas in development regulations related to on-site sewage systems, forest management, agricultural practices, industry, and other development. Goal EN-G-3 Cooperatively manage, protect, enhance, and conserve water resources through a comprehensive watershed management program that is integrated with recovery plans for listed species. ▶ Policy EN-P-3.1 Take an active role in implementing watershed plans for WRIAs 16, 17, and 20, as funding allows. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 314 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy EN-P-3.2 Participate in collaborative watershed, shoreline, and salmon habitat conservation planning processes with local, state, federal, and tribal governments, partner organizations, and local stakeholders. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 315 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Shorelines Goal EN-G-4 Implement Chapter 18.25 JCC to protect shoreline functions and processes while allowing appropriate development and uses within the shorelines of Jefferson County. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 316 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy EN-P-4.1 The goals and policies of the Jefferson County SMP, as amended, are considered an element of this Comprehensive Plan and are adopted by reference as if fully set forth herein. Refer to JCC 18.25, development regulations related to the shorelines and how the SMP’s goals are implemented. ▶ Policy EN-P-4.2 Work cooperatively with the Washington State Department of Ecology for Periodic Review and associated updates to the Jefferson County SMP, consistent with state law. ▶ Policy EN-P-4.3 Work cooperatively with other jurisdictions, agencies, tribes, and organizations to restore previously degraded areas, including coordination to pursue funding that addresses shoreline protection and/or restoration efforts. Jefferson County contains significant shoreline resources and completed a comprehensive update of the SMP’s goals, policies, and regulations consistent with the SMA in 2014. The SMP is considered part of the County’s Comprehensive Plan and development regulations and is subject to a periodic review schedule in the SMA. The overall intent of the SMP is to protect ecological resources, allow for preferred shoreline uses, and promote public access to enjoy the shoreline. 18.25.120 Conservation. (1) Purpose. …conservation goals address the protection of natural resources, scenic vistas, aesthetics, and vital shoreline areas for fisheries and wildlife for the benefit of present and future generations. 18.25.130 Economic development. (1) Purpose. …economic development goals address the location and design of industries, transportation facilities, port facilities, tourist facilities, commerce and other developments that are particularly dependent on their location on or use of the shorelines. 18.25.140 Historic, archaeological, cultural, scientific and educational resources. (1) Purpose. … goals address protection and restoration of buildings, sites and areas having historic, archaeological, cultural, scientific, or educational significance. 18.25.150 Public access. (1) Purpose. … public access goals address the ability of the public to reach, touch, and travel on the shorelines of the state and to view the water and the shoreline from adjacent locations. 18.25.160 Recreation. (1) Purpose. … recreation goals address the creation and expansion of water-oriented public recreational opportunities including, but not limited to, parks, tidelands, beaches, and ecological study areas. 18.25.170 Restoration and enhancement. (1) Purpose. … restoration and enhancement goals address reestablishment, rehabilitation and improvement of impaired shoreline ecological functions, values and/or processes. 18.25.180 Shoreline use. (1) Purpose. … shoreline use goals address the general distribution, location, and extent of housing, business, industry, transportation, agriculture, natural resources, aquaculture, recreation, education, navigation, and other categories of public and private land use. 18.25.190 Transportation, utilities and essential public facilities. (1) Purpose. … transportation and essential public facilities goals address circulation and the general location and extent of thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, and other public utilities and facilities. SMP Purpose & Goals North Beach Tidepool, Carolyn Gallaway ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 317 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Environmental Nuisance Factors (Excessive Light, Glare, Odor, & Noise) Goal EN-G-5 Provide technical assistance and information to all residents regarding environmental nuisance factors affecting the habitability and environmental quality of life. ▶ Policy EN-P-5.1 Provide practical information and technical assistance to citizens regarding methods to reduce, mitigate, and where possible eliminate problems associated with environmental nuisance factors. Encourage civil dialogue and neighborhood level conversation to resolve conflicts associated with environmental nuisance factors that are not part of a regulatory program or enforcement code. Critical Areas Regulated Under the Critical Areas Ordinance Goal EN-G-6 Continue to implement, periodically review, and update critical areas ordinance (CAO) for consistency with the GMA requirements, including best available science. ▶ Policy EN-P-6.1 Continue to protect critical aquifer recharge areas from depletion of aquifer quantity or degradation of aquifer quality under the CAO. Continue to periodically review and update the CAO (chapter 18.22 JCC) relating to aquifer recharge, including best available science, especially climate science on drought. ▶ Policy EN-P-6.2 Continue to protect flood hazard areas from development and uses that compromise the flow, storage, and buffering of flood water; normal channel functions; and fish and wildlife habitat; and minimize flood and river process risk to life and property under the CAO. Continue to periodically review and update the CAO relating to flood hazards, including best available science, especially climate science on flooding. Maintain the CAO in compliance with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requirements. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 318 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy EN-P-6.3 Continue to ensure that geologically hazardous areas are appropriately designated and that measures protecting public health and safety are implemented for hazardous areas under the CAO. Continue to periodically review and update the CAO relating to geologically hazardous areas, including best available science, especially climate science related to variations in precipitation that can increase channel migration and landslide risk. ▶ Policy EN-P-6.4 Continue to protect and enhance fish and wildlife habitat under the CAO. Continue to periodically review and update the CAO relating to fish and wildlife habitat, including best available science, especially climate science related to variations in precipitation and temperature that can degrade habitat suitability. Give special consideration to anadromous fisheries. ▶ Policy EN-P-6.5 Continue to protect existing wetland area and functions, while encouraging wetland enhancement and restoration under the CAO. Continue to periodically review and update the CAO relating to wetlands, including best available science, especially climate science related to variations in precipitation and temperature that can alter wetland hydroperiods and vegetation communities. Goal EN-G-7 Capitalize on outside resources to increase Jefferson County staff capabilities to effectively manage and protect critical areas. ▶ Policy EN-P-7.1 Coordinate with other agencies, tribes, and local organizations to protect critical areas. ▶ Policy EN-P-7.2 Submit applications for grants that support public outreach and education or development of incentive programs that would encourage critical areas protection ▶ Policy EN-P-7.3 Provide continuing educational opportunities for Jefferson County staff about climate science and the potential ramifications of climate change on critical areas. Carolyn Gallaway ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 319 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 5.5 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 5-7 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Environment Element. Exhibit 5-7 Environment Action Plan Action Description Watershed Planning and Fish Habitat Recovery Management Continue to support and participate in watershed and fish habitat studies and planning. Integrate water resource management for human needs with fish and wildlife habitat protection and restoration. Engage local tribes with usual and accustomed areas in Jefferson County environmental planning and sustainability efforts. Evaluate and pursue equitable distribution of conservation efforts so that vulnerable populations benefit equally. Critical Areas Protection Periodically update critical areas development standards and include as Best Available Science and considerations of anadromous fish. Ensure appropriately updated development regulations for critical aquifer recharge areas, frequently flooded areas, geologically hazardous areas, fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, and wetlands Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques Encourage the use of low- impact development techniques and other innovations that benefit ecosystem vitality. Support resiliency of the county’s local environment in coordination with other community needs, such as economic development, affordable housing, and healthy living opportunities. Potential for reduced site preparation costs, resulting in savings to developers. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. ENVIRONMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 320 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 321 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 6 Transportation 6.1 PURPOSE Transportation infrastructure is extremely important to all aspects of daily life and visitor travel in Jefferson County, and includes local roads, State Highways, trails, sidewalks, bike lanes, parking lots, and transit routes. The purpose of this Transportation Element is to analyze current conditions and plan for future use for both motorized and non- motorized travel in coordination with the Washington State Department of Transportation, the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO), other regional planning partners, and related community groups. As of 2013, transportation accounted for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions in Washington State, so planning an efficient, multimodal transportation network is critically important to our environment.85 The GMA requires a systematic approach for estimating and planning for future transportation needs based on an analysis of 85 Washington State Department of Ecology, 2016. Carolyn Gallaway The Transportation Element supports the Vision Statement by facilitating the maintenance and extension of transportation infrastructure available to residents, visitors, and industry in Jefferson County. Networks of non-motorized trails, bikes lanes, and paths also empower residents to make healthy choices and encourage active lifestyles. Connection to Our Vision TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 322 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 existing conditions and a projection of future needs. This Transportation Element meets the requirements of the GMA. It provides analysis, goals, policies, and strategies necessary to develop the transportation facilities that will serve Jefferson County in the future. The Element describes the LOS standards desired for the county’s transportation system and estimates vehicular traffic that will be generated on county roads and state routes by the land use designations adopted in this Comprehensive Plan and by regional traffic growth. The analysis in the Element shows that no capacity- related transportation improvements are necessary on Jefferson County roads to meet levels of service for traffic. However, there are future needs for intersection improvements on state routes in the Tri- Area of the county to address future intersection level of service deficiencies and concurrency issues, as seen in Exhibit 6-8. See the Transportation Technical Appendix C for detailed information. “For state highways of statewide or regional significance, RCW 36.70A.070(3) does not apply.” Bldg. Ass’n of Clark County et al v. Clark County, WWGMHB 04-2-0038c (Amended Final Decision and Order Nov. 23, 2005) at 39. The Element also discusses non-motorized transportation modes such as trails that support active lifestyles. Coordination and support of transit, ferry, and airport facilities is also necessary to ensure a variety of travel modes serving the community and to support the local economy. More details on the county’s transportation system are included in Appendix C. Ten of the thirty-eight projects listed in the County’s 2025-2030 6- year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) are non-motorized projects which monetarily constitute 43% of the overall TIP. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 323 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 6.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES Conditions & Trends County-wide Conditions Roadway Functional Classification Roadways are categorized according to their role and use in carrying vehicles. The categorization is a hierarchy of roadways ranging from principal and minor arterials and major and minor collectors to local access roads and streets. The different categories vary in their ability to carry traffic for long distances, and in their ability to provide access to land uses. The county's road network and functional classifications are illustrated in Exhibit 6-1 and Exhibit 6-2. The county road inventory consists of 396.92 miles of Jefferson County roads, with most roadways being local rural access roads; see sidebar. There are also 38 bridges owned by Jefferson County. Road design standards are based on a roadway’s function and use as determined by the Federal Functional Classification System. There are numerous Jefferson County roads that are classified as rural local access roads that, in fact, function as collectors. They provide access to commercial and industrial developments and to dense residential neighborhoods. Generally, roads classified as rural local access are not eligible for grant funding. Since only limited local road funds are available, improvements to these roads are not typically funded and collector road standards are not applied when improvements are made. All roadways and bridges maintained by the county are evaluated and ranked for inclusion in the Six-Year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), as funding becomes available. The county resurfaces approximately 15-20 miles of road annually. Exhibit 6-1 Functional Classification Map—East Jefferson County County Road Miles by Functional Class (Thru Lane Surface) Functional Classification Miles Major Rural Collectors 36.35 Minor Rural Collectors 102.99 Local Rural Access 250.84 Urban Collectors 6.753 Total 396.92 Source: Jefferson County, 2025. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 324 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Transpo Group, 2025. Exhibit 6-2 Functional Classification Map—West Jefferson County TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 325 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Transpo Group, 2025. State Highway Classifications State Routes (SR), roads owned and operated by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), provide for regional and interregional travel. State Routes within the county are US 101 and SR 19, 20, 104, and 116. They are classified according to how they function, for example, as principal or minor arterials or collectors. US 101, and SR 20 are classified as principal arterials, SR 104 is a rural expressway, SR 19 is a rural minor arterial, and SR 116 is a major collector. SR 19 is designated as a Highway of Statewide Significance (HSS) while its functional classification remains a minor arterial. This change reflects the highway’s increasing importance within the region as an HSS route that links SR 104 to Port Townsend. Although SR 19 currently serves adjacent needs (direct access) more readily than other principal arterials, unfavorable restrictions to mobility that may develop through this corridor should be avoided. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 326 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO) has designated US 101, SR 19, SR 20, and SR 104 in Jefferson County as highways of statewide significance and SR 116 as a highway of regional significance, using criteria developed by the PRTPO. These criteria require that PRTPO Technical Advisory Committee members agree that such corridors serve as a primary conduit providing access and mobility. Road Conditions Many of the county’s roadways have minimal, gravel shoulders except in limited locations bordering suburban development, commercial areas, and various public facilities. In these more developed areas, some roadways have paved shoulders and/or sidewalks in addition to an upgraded roadway cross section. The county also has many roads with unimproved, gravel surfaces. The County’s Transportation Improvement Plan includes a program to potentially upgrade these roads by chip sealing them. Traffic Safety WSDOT compiles State Highway accident data for all 39 Counties in Washington. The average rate, on State Routes in Jefferson County, between 2019 and 2023 was 1.29 collisions per million vehicle miles of travel. Statewide, in 2023, the collision rate per million vehicle miles of travel was 1.37. Compared to statewide averages, Jefferson County currently experiences a relatively low number of collisions. Notable exceptions to the county average are along SR 104 where it joins highway 101 which has a collision rate of 3.17 crashes per million vehicle miles travelled. Few collisions involving a bicycle or a pedestrian have occurred with less than one collision per year for all roadway segments. Public Transit Jefferson Transit was created in 1981 to provide transportation services primarily to transit-dependent persons. Jefferson Transit provides service between Port Townsend and Jefferson County communities including Port Hadlock, Port Ludlow, Quilcene, and Brinnon with additional service to Sequim and Poulsbo (see Exhibit 6-3 for 2023 passenger trips and service hours). Jefferson Transit provides links to adjoining transit systems including Island Transit, Kitsap Transit (from Route 7), Clallam Transit (from Route 8), Mason Transit (from Route 1) and Grays Harbor Transit (West Jefferson Transit service connecting Forks and Amanda Park along the Pacific Coast). The link with Kitsap Transit provides transit service to the Washington State Ferry terminals in Bainbridge Island and Kingston. Bicycle racks are available on all Refer to Housing Element, Goal HS-G-1 TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 327 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson Transit routes. To address greenhouse gas emissions, Jefferson Transit is considering a move toward electric busses, as feasible. See related information in the Climate Element Action Plan for greenhouse emissions. Exhibit 6-3 Transit Passenger Trips & Service Hours (2023) Passenger Trips Passengers/ Service Hour Fixed Route Total 209,418 11.71 Dial-A-Ride (M-Sun) 11,7110 20 Total Passenger Trips 221,128 — Source: Jefferson Transit, 2023. Air, Waterborne, & Freight Travel The Jefferson County International Airport (JCIA) is owned and operated by the Port of Port Townsend. It is situated about four miles southwest of the City of Port Townsend on about 316 acres. Its runway is about 3,000 feet in length, and over 107 aircraft are based there. The Airport is designated as a General Aviation (GA) airport by the FAA’s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). In 2010, the total operations equaled approximately 58,030, a small percentage of which are air taxi and commuter service and the majority of which are general aviation flights. Airport use is anticipated to increase in the future. The Port’s Airport Master Plan Update (July, 2014) identifies an expansion plan to meet a 2.8% growth rate for its 107 based aircraft and to stay within FAA requirements for safety and efficient airside and landing facilities. The Port will apply for airport development grants for eligible components of its preferred airport layout plan. Ancillary uses of the facility which attracts public interest and increases use in the airport include businesses and organizations such as an aero museum, flight instruction school, airplane mechanics, airplane restoration school, restaurant, and areas designated for non-aviation-related light industrial/manufacturing development. The airport is designated and zoned as an Essential Public Facility by Jefferson County. Some airport master plan recommendations address height, noise, and other factors.86 Public ferry service is provided by the Washington State Ferry System (WSF) to Whidbey Island and via the Port Townsend/ Coupeville ferry route, and to the greater Puget Sound through Kitsap County via the Kingston/Edmonds, Bainbridge Island/Seattle, Bremerton/Seattle, and 86 (Port of Port Townsend, 2014). Top: Historic Bridge, from the Collection of the Jefferson County Historical Society Bottom: Ferry, Carolyn Gallaway TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 328 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Southworth/Vashon/Fauntleroy routes. The ferry service can accommodate automobiles, pedestrians, bicyclists, kayaks, and canoes. There are three basic forms of freight travel in Jefferson County: truck, waterborne (shipping and ferry) and air. Trucking is the predominant mode of freight transportation. Most of the total westbound truck freight is carried over the Hood Canal Bridge, towards Port Townsend, or up US 101 through Shelton. The Washington State Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS) classifies highways, county roads, and city streets according to the average annual gross truck tonnage they carry. Truck tonnage values are derived from actual or estimated truck traffic count data that is converted into average weights by truck type. Corridors with the highest annual gross tonnage, T-1 and T-2 routes, are also identified as Strategic Freight Corridors. SR-104 and US 101 are T-2 routes that run through Jefferson County and connect to other freeways in Washington and Oregon. Non-motorized Transportation System The Transportation Element includes collaborative efforts to identify and designate planned improvements for pedestrian and bicycle facilities and corridors that address and encourage enhanced community access and promote healthy lifestyles. Given the rural nature of Jefferson County, travel occurs predominantly by motorized vehicle. However, bicycle and pedestrian circulation are important transportation modes that are used by county residents. Interjurisdictional Coordination The Transportation Element should be prepared through a process that includes not only public participation but also intergovernmental coordination. Since 1998 and with periodic updates, development of the Jefferson County Transportation Element included coordination with WSDOT, PRTPO, City of Port Townsend, Port of Port Townsend, Jefferson Transit Authority, and community planning groups. Challenges & Opportunities Jefferson County Roads & State Highway System Jefferson County is in an unusual situation because all of the roadways identified in the Transportation Element's analysis as requiring capacity improvements are State Routes and are, therefore, outside of the TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 329 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 county’s jurisdiction. At the same time, these state routes form the bulk of the county’s arterial system and are not subject to concurrency by the county 87 under the GMA, but are integral components of the transportation system within the county. The Transportation Element projects that no concurrency issues or LOS deficiencies will occur on Jefferson County roads during the planning period. However, other issues relating to safety, road shoulders, pedestrian facilities, and intersection capacity for intersections with state highways may arise. Challenges and opportunities are also present in the changing face of transportation, including the development of electric vehicles with more range and functionality, advances in ride-sharing technology, autonomous vehicles and increasing opportunities for non-motorized travel. Jefferson County’s transportation plan considers how our rural county can plan for and provide various multi-modal transportation opportunities. 6.3 TRANSPORTATION PLAN Jefferson County's strategy for managing its transportation network is to encourage efficient multi-modal transportation through implementation of the policies of the Transportation Element which address: ▶ The county’s highways and arterials, ▶ Public transportation needs and services, ▶ Non-motorized transportation facilities, ▶ Land development standards associated with the county’s transportation network, ▶ State, regional, and local intergovernmental coordination, ▶ Promotion of transportation demand management programs, ▶ Protection of the environment and conservation of energy in transportation activities, and ▶ Development of a transportation improvement program that will identify and rank projects for funding. The technical information and policies in the Transportation Element provide the basis for recommendations for transportation 87 Concurrency means providing improvements at time of development or within six years. Top: Rural Road, Carolyn Gallaway Bottom: Trail, Jefferson County TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 330 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 improvements that are contained in the county’s six-year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The TIP, which is updated annually, is available from the Jefferson County Public Works Department. Roadway Level of Service Standards For roadways, LOS is typically described in terms of congestion, which may be measured by average travel speed or vehicular density. Six levels of service are defined from A to F with LOS A representing the best operating conditions and LOS F the worst. Jefferson County’s adopted LOS standards are consistent with the standards established by the PRTPO and the Washington State Department of Transportation. These standards are as follows: ▶ Rural Roads (roads outside an urban boundary line) = LOS D ▶ Urban Roads (roads within an urban boundary line) = LOS D ▶ Master Planned Resort Roads (roads within an MPR boundary line) = LOS D ▶ Highways of Regional Significance (rural corridors carrying an urban level of traffic) = LOS D The capacity analysis and traffic forecasts indicate that at the planning horizon year of 2045, all Jefferson County roads are expected to operate at or above the adopted LOS standard. However, if any proposed development were to cause the LOS to significantly fall below adopted levels, the proponents of the development would be required to mitigate the deficiency prior to development approval. A number of State Route segments will exceed their estimated capacity based on the LOS standards established by WSDOT and the PRTPO and the roadway LOS methodology adopted by the county. These LOS standards are based on roadway classification. For this analysis, the roadways within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA were assumed to be classified as urban. It should be noted that they are currently classified as rural under WSDOT standards. State Routes that are forecast to not meet LOS standards within the planning period include: ▶ SR 19 (Four Corners to SR 116) The state highway system is owned and maintained by WSDOT and serves regional and statewide travel needs. The county’s plan for concurrency must reflect the LOS standards for state highways but only for the purposes of monitoring performance of the system, evaluating improvement strategies, and coordinating the county’s road program TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 331 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 with WSDOT’s six-year program. While several roadway segments of the state highway system through Jefferson County are expected to exceed adopted state LOS standards, further widening of the corridors to accommodate future demand would require significant investments in capital dollars, impact adjoining property owners, and would be beyond the financial capacity of Jefferson County. The county has no authority to alter LOS standards for state transportation facilities. That authority rests with the Washington State Transportation Commission. Nor does the county have responsibility to make ultimate decisions concerning improvements to the State highway system, or to raise needed funding. WSDOT is responsible for planning these state-owned facilities, while the Legislature has the ultimate responsibility of deciding what State-owned facilities will be built and how they will be funded. Without these assigned responsibilities or capabilities it is not possible for the county to comply with the GMA concurrency requirements for State-owned transportation facilities. Active Transportation Level of Service Active Transportation LOS standards were developed for this plan in alignment with the rural character of much of the county’s road network. Planned facilities are all multi-use and can be assumed to accommodate all active modes, including walking and bicycling. In the Transportation Technical Appendix C, Exhibit 1-21 depicts the current LOS along the planned active transportation network for the county. The planned network includes both on-street and off-street facilities. This plan identifies three roadway/facility types: (1) roadways with shoulders with width equal to or greater than 5ft, (2) shared roads, and (3) multi-use paths/off street trails. The long-term goal of the network is to provide off-street multi-use connections that tie into the regional trail networks of adjacent jurisdictions, while also providing a low-stress experience for users making connections between locations in Jefferson County. The Active Transportation LOS standards are presented in Exhibit 6-6. These standards emphasize the expansion and completion of wide shoulders on arterials, shared use signage on collectors, and off-street multi use pathways. The LOS designations are shown in green, orange, and red and correspond with good, acceptable, and poor LOS, respectively. Generally, a green/good LOS indicates a roadway or route that provides low stress active transportation facilities (with appropriate striping/signage) identified in the planned active transportation network, while an orange/acceptable LOS indicates facilities that may have a higher stress level due to their location on roadways that may TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 332 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 have higher speed limits and heavier traffic. A red/poor LOS generally indicates no designated facilities are provided for active users and is considered unacceptable. Exhibit 6-4 LOS Definitions—Active Transportation LOS Rating Standard Good Active Transportation facilities built to provide low levels of traffic stress. Acceptabl e Active Transportation facilities exist with high levels of traffic stress. Poor No Active Transportation facilities present. Sources: Jefferson County, 2025; Transpo Group, 2025. Concurrency Concurrency occurs when public facilities or services needed to accommodate growth and development are provided at the time that development occurs. Transportation concurrency is intended to ensure that transportation facilities are available to accommodate expected traffic increases resulting from development. This will ensure orderly growth and development and avoid significant transportation impacts such as unacceptable levels of congestion. Achieving concurrency may require transportation improvements ranging from constructing physical improvements (e.g., wider travel lanes or shoulders, additional travel lanes, intersection improvements, or traffic signals) to implementing travel demand management techniques (e.g., improved transit service, rideshare programs, or staggered shift times for larger employers). The GMA requires that: After adoption of the comprehensive plan by jurisdictions required to plan or who choose to plan under RCW 36.70A.040, local jurisdictions must adopt and enforce ordinances which prohibit development approval if the development causes the level of service on a locally owned or locally or regionally operated transportation facility to decline below the standards adopted in the transportation element of the comprehensive plan, unless transportation improvements or strategies to accommodate the impacts of development are made concurrent with the development. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 333 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 RCW 36.70a.070(6)(b) (emphasis added). “Locally owned or locally or regionally operated transportation facility” plainly does not include State Routes. According to the Western Washington Growth Management Board’s decision in Bldg. Ass’n of Clark County et al v. Clark County: The County has no authority to alter levels of service standards for state transportation facilities. That authority rests with the Washington State Transportation Commission. Nor does the County have responsibility to make ultimate decisions concerning improvements to the state highway system, or to raise needed funding. WSDOT has the responsibility for planning these facilities, while the Legislature has the ultimate responsibility of deciding what facilities will be built and how they will be funded. Bldg. Ass’n of Clark County et al v. Clark County, WWGMHB 04-2- 0038c, Amended Final Decision and Order (Nov. 23, 2005) at 38. The legislature has relieved local governments from achieving concurrency for these facilities.” Id. at 4. Concurrency “does not guaranty a certain level of service that would raise the level of service and better the quality of life in local communities.” Id. at 5. No concurrency requirement for the County exists in the GMA for state highways of statewide or regional significance. See Id. at 39. A county may fulfill “the current GMA requirements by describing the conditions of the state highway system during the next 20 years, the impacts and effects these conditions will cause for the local system, and the local system impacts on state highways.” Id. at 38. (emphasis added). Therefore, the County’s obligations relative to state highways in its plan is to estimate traffic impacts to state-owned transportation facilities, to include state-adopted levels of service standards for the purpose of monitoring the system’s performance, evaluating improvement strategies, and to identify the needs of state-owned transportation facilities consistent with the state’s multi-modal plan. Id. at 38. This Comprehensive Plan includes the information required by RCW 36.70A.070(6) for state transportation facilities, namely estimates of traffic volumes on state facilities and LOS standards for highways of state-wide and regional significance. The County relied on a traffic model based on proposed land use patterns to project future traffic volumes, and worked with cities and counties, the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO) and the WSDOT to identify future deficiencies. Id. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 334 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Nevertheless, it is important to work and plan closely with WSDOT and the PRTPO to assure that the county’s needs and priorities are recognized by the State of Washington. The State Routes are a critically important component of the transportation network in the county, and the State must do their part in maintaining the major corridor component of the transportation network. In connection with this Comprehensive Plan, a concurrency development regulation should be adopted that clarifies applicable concurrency requirements and how these requirements can be met. Transit Level of Service Standards Transit service within Jefferson County is maintained and operated by Jefferson Transit Authority (JTA), which defines the transit LOS methodology. JTA currently is undertaking a Comprehensive Operational Analysis with the goal of improving services for residents and visitors to the county. As of 2024, the current state report identified four core service areas served by JTA. These areas include service within Port Townsend, connections between the Tri-Area and Port Townsend, regional connections which include rural Jefferson County communities and destinations outside the county, and the Olympic Connection which serves the west side of the county. Additionally, the 2022 Long Range Plan identified goals to guide future services. Among these objectives were increasing service to match population and employment, continuing to provide regional connections in coordination with neighboring transit agencies, prioritizing multi-modal connections to allow car free recreation and tourism, and focusing service to major travel destinations. JTA is also focused on maximizing transit access by participating in the land use planning process and using micro transit or other strategies to increase access in rural areas. JTA’s 2024 Climate Action Plan roadmap goals include improving bus stop and transit center amenities, advocating for local policies and projects that improve and promote active transportation, and collaborating with regional planners to ensure that transit is the focus of any new developments and regional plans. Jefferson County defaults to JTA’s goals regarding transit service definition and will collaborate with JTA on the county’s transit system service needs and planning efforts. However, the GMA requirements state that comprehensive plans must include measurable LOS standards for local transit systems. These standards may be based on transit access, capacity, ridership or other methods based on context, but should be TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 335 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 created in collaboration with local transit agencies. Given JTA’s focus on accessibility and multimodal connections, the county’s transit LOS focuses on bus stop amenities and active routes to bus stops within the county Right of Way. Exhibit 6-5 defines transit LOS for Jefferson County. Exhibit 6-5 LOS Definitions—Transit LOS Rating Standard Good Stop location marked ADA Accessible boarding area Streetlight nearby Direct connection to bikeable shoulder or sidewalk Nearest intersection has crosswalk/ped signal/RRFB Acceptabl e 3 or less of the above Poor 1 or less of the above. Source: Transpo Group, 2025. Non-motorized Trail & Standards The National Recreation & Parks Association established a methodology for existing LOS for non-motorized recreational trails as a composite of all trail miles divided by the county population. Their recommended standard is 0.5 miles of recreational trails for every 1,000 population. With a 2025 population estimate of 23,779 in the unincorporated county and considering non-motorized trails owned by the county, Jefferson County exceeds the national standard with almost a 4:1 ratio. In the adopted 2002 Non-Motorized Transportation and Recreational Trails Plan (NMRTP), partially updated in 2010, the ELOS was 1.83 miles of county-owned trail for every 1,000 residents countywide—this ELOS was based on an inventory of 47.5 miles of composite non-motorized transportation and recreational trail Carolyn Gallaway TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 336 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 facilities (including 28.3 miles of on-road bicycle routes).88 Since then, the popular Larry Scott Trail (7.35 miles), the Rick Tollefson Memorial Trail (0.35 miles), Olympic Discovery Trail-South Discovery Bay Segment (0.75 miles), Gibbs Lake Park (5 miles), and Undi Road Bypass (1.2 miles as part of the Pacific Northwest Trail) have been added to the inventory of non-motorized transportation trails. Per the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space (PROS) Plan, Jefferson County has focused on top trail priorities which are the Olympic Discovery Trail and the Tri-Area Active Transportation Network. The county is actively obtaining funding, acquiring property, securing access, and planning for construction of the remainder of the Olympic Discovery Trail within the county, which will also become a portion of the Pacific Northwest Scenic Trail and the Great American Rail Trail. The PROS Plan does not include on-road bicycle routes in its inventory or calculation of the ELOS. Per the PROS Plan, the current inventory of county-owned pathways and trails is 23.7 miles, resulting in the PROS Plan ELOS of 0.72 miles and planned LOS (PLOS) of 1.83 miles of trail for every 1,000 residents of county-owned facilities.89 In 1998, the Board adopted an effective level of service (ELOS) for composite, county-owned non-motorized recreational trails of 0.52 miles for every 1,000 residents, which this Comprehensive Plan maintains as the adopted ELOS. Using this standard, the current inventory of 23.7 miles of county-owned pathways and trails from the PROS Plan, and the current 2025 population estimates, Jefferson County is exceeding the ELOS threshold, with a surplus of about 5.7 miles. The 2045 forecast year of 40,486 still exceeds this threshold, but the surplus would be reduced to about 2.6 miles if no new trails are built. See also Appendix D Capital Facilities Plan. The NMRTP suggests a jurisdiction such as Jefferson 88 The 2010 NMRTP inventories 48.2 miles of total non-motorized trails owned by Jefferson County (NMRTP Chapter 3.1 and Chapter 5, page 10). This includes 0.7 miles of urban sidewalks that are not considered in the NMRTP’s ELOS calculation. The 2025 unincorporated population estimate of 23,779 and 48.2 miles of non-motorized trails owned by the County equates to about 2.0 trail miles per 1,000 population (or about four times the national standard of 0.5). ELOS from the 2010 NMRTP compares the 2000 countywide population of 25,953 to the inventory of County-owned composite non-motorized transportation and recreation facilities (48.2 total non-motorized trail miles minus the 0.7 miles of urban sidewalks = 47.5 miles of composite non-motorized transportation and recreation facilities)—this results in a baseline ELOS of 1.83 miles of County-owned trail for every 1,000 residents countywide. 89 See PROS Plan Table 5.12 which is based on a countywide 2020 population of 32,977 and estimated 2040 population of 39,891. It should be noted that the 2022 Jefferson County PROS Plan describes the planned LOS from the 2002 NMRTP as 1.83 miles per 1,000 population, and recommends that demand standard for pathways and trails in the PROS Plan. The PROS Plan allows the County to be grant eligible for projects. To reconcile the NMTP and PROS Plans, this Comprehensive Plan identifies the 0.52 miles per 1,000 residents as a base LOS and 1.83 miles per 1,000 residents as a target LOS, if funding allows. See Appendix D, CFP for additional analysis. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 337 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 County with great tourism appeal can maintain an ELOS standard within the national standard range and pursue a plan for trail growth to meet an economic development strategy. In Chapter 5 of the NMRTP, a long- range vision for system demand from the years 2003 to 2022 is listed with planning level estimates. The Jefferson County NMRTP designates several state routes as on-road bicycle routes. Examples of such route designations include SR 104, SR 19, SR 20, and US 101. See Exhibit 6-6.90 Jefferson County's rural highways are frequently used by bicyclists for commuting or recreation. The NMRTP recognizes this use of the state highways. Cycling along these routes is limited to the shoulder. It is important to note that these routes are not dedicated bicycle facilities and users do not have the same operating privileges as with designated roadway bicycle facilities. Jefferson County coordinates with WSDOT and PRTPO in implementing safety features for these routes, such as rumble strips, improved roadway maintenance, and potential improvements, such as signage. Non-motorized transportation in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA will be a principle consideration for planning, development and re- development. Non-motorized movement of people in the UGA will be facilitated through urban development designs, taking prominent consideration of connectivity between uses, distance from transit, sidewalks, and bicycle lanes. Refer to the Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban, and related goals and policies. Exhibit 6-6 Off-Street and On-Street Bicycle Routes—East Jefferson County 90 Exhibit 1-15 in Appendix D shows US 101 as the only on street primary active transportation route in west Jefferson County. Refer to Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban and related goals and policies, See also Exhibit 1-10 in the Land Use Element for a map of existing and planned recreation trail connections in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 338 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Transpo Group, 2025. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 339 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Transportation Demand Management Strategies Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies promote travel efficiency and energy conservation while reducing the adverse environmental impacts of the transportation system. In addition, TDM strategies lessen the need for additional capacity improvements by decreasing dependence on single-occupancy vehicle use and preserving capacity on existing roadways. The additional capacity created throughout the county’s transportation system can reduce the need for improvements. These strategies can include commute trip reduction and demand and system management strategies, telecommuting, non-motorized travel, site design standards, ridesharing, encouraging commercial and freight shipping during off- peak hours, staggered shift times, flexible work schedules and public transportation. These strategies are typically achieved through employer-based programs with technical assistance available from WSDOT subsidized proven programs. WSDOT provides incentives to individual employers willing to provide a financial benefit to employees for reducing drive- alone commuting. The county can support efforts to advance TDM techniques by funding subsidized proven programs, planning and public information towards implementing these strategies. Safety, Maintenance, & Preservation Safety programs seek to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic accidents through identification of high accident locations, corridors, or elements. Maintenance and preservation practices protect the transportation infrastructure through regular repairs as well as responding to emergency situations such as mudslides, culvert washouts, or flooding. Active Living This Element promotes opportunities to improve connectivity and increase non-motorized travel such as bicycling and walking to promote active living. The policies addressed in this element help to achieve goals of the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) regarding chronic disease prevention. Many social and environmental factors influence the exercise choices individuals make, including the built environment. One of the CHIP goals includes providing Jefferson County residents with opportunities to get the appropriate levels of physical activity. The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) is addressed in the following Elements: Land Use Land Use & Public Health Natural Resources Open Space, Parks & Rec. Challenges & Opportunities Environment Environmentally Friendly Development Techniques Transportation Active Living Community Health Improvement Plan TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 340 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Transportation Element Policies also address support for the Non- motorized Transportation and Recreational Trails Plan (2010) and the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan (2022). Safe routes to destinations such as schools are also promoted in policies. Countywide Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) Annually, Jefferson County prepares a six-year transportation improvement program. It is used to help seek federal and state funds and apprise the general public and affected agencies of future capital investments in the transportation system. The program shows secured funding and planned projects requesting funding. As noted in the adopted 2025-2030 TIP, projects are expected to cost about $47 million over the six-year period (see Exhibit 6-7). Road, culvert, bridge, intersections, and non-motorized improvements make up most of the proposed program. About 97% of funding for the 2025-2030 TIP comes from State and Federal funds which is consistent with prior trends (State and Federal funding accounted for 93% of projects in the 2023- 2028 TIP and 95% of projects in the 2024-2029 TIP). Local funds available for this proposed six-year capital program average only about $214,000 per year. Exhibit 6-7 2025-2030 Six-year Transportation Improvement Program Refer to Land Use Element, Land Use & Public Health TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 341 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source Jefferson County, 2025. Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA Individual intersections were only analyzed within the county’s Tri-Area, focused on the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA. Existing intersection LOS results at State Routes show that two of the twelve study intersections currently operate at LOS E and LOS F. Each of these intersections are two-way stop-controlled. For two-way stop-controlled intersections, the Highway Capacity Manual 7th Edition methodology bases the LOS on the vehicle delay for the worst movement (generally vehicles making a left onto the major road when stopped on the minor road). While this methodology shows two intersections on WSDOT- owned State Routes operating below standard, the vehicles traveling along the major approaches currently experience little to no delay. Under GMA and SEPA, new development and growth would not be required to mitigate existing deficiencies on WSDOT-owned State Routes operating below standard. The county could require new development to mitigate conditions on Jefferson County roads back to existing levels of service, if traffic conditions worsen due to development. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 342 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Under existing conditions, roadway capacity on SR 19, SR 116, and all roadways in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA are adequate. However, there are several unsignalized intersections along SR 19 in the Irondale, Port Hadlock, and Chimacum areas that experience long delays as vehicles wait for gaps in traffic on SR 19. The most appropriate way to avoid excessive traffic control is to minimize the number of locations of traffic access onto SR 19 as well as control turn movements onto SR 19. The intersection of SR 19 and SR 116 (Ness's Corner) currently experiences the greatest side-street delay, and is therefore the most immediate need for signalization or roundabout installation by WSDOT Several intersections experience similar problems to those of the SR19/SR 116 intersection, such as SR 19 and Irondale Road, SR 19 and Prospect Avenue, and SR 19 and Chimacum Rd. Excessive minor leg delays should be reduced by improved traffic control at these intersections. To mitigate delays while also maintaining mobility on SR 19, traffic signals or roundabouts should be pursued through the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization’s (PRTPO) Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP), which is a list of local projects with planned or secured funding and anticipated to begin within the next six years. Once completed, the RTIP will be forwarded to WSDOT headquarters where the projects can be combined with those from other RTPO TIPs to create the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). As growth and development continues in the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA as planned over the next 20 years, further improvements to the road system will be required to maintain adopted LOS standards on county roads. In connection with this Comprehensive Plan, a concurrency development regulation should be adopted that clarifies applicable concurrency requirements and prohibits development approval if the development causes the LOS on a county-owned or county-operated transportation facility to decline below the standards adopted in the transportation element of the comprehensive plan, unless transportation improvements or strategies to accommodate the impacts of development are made concurrent with the development. For example, new development could be required to pay for these improvements through new construction, or pro-rata payments to defined improvements as discussed in the Transportation Facilities Assessment section. A Traffic Impact Analysis would be needed for new developments to distinguish between existing deficiencies (not growth funded) and Based on projected volumes, intersection improvements will be required at the following intersections by 2038: ▶SR 19 & SR 116 ▶SR 19 & Irondale Rd. ▶SR19 & Chimacum Rd. ▶SR 19 & Prospect Ave. Future Intersection Improvements TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 343 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 deficiencies caused by the new development (growth funded). Proposed improvement projects are illustrated in Exhibit 6-8. Exhibit 6-8 Spot Improvement Projects Along SR 19 TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 344 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Transpo Group, 2025. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 345 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 6.4 GOALS & POLICIES Goal TR-G-1 Provide a safe, convenient, efficient, and integrated multimodal highway and arterial system for the movement of people and goods, one that is functionally well maintained, reflects local environment, and meets the demands of the future. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.1 Provide for a LOS D, or better, for rural county road facilities based upon Average Annual Daily Trips. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.2 Provide for a LOS D, or better, on all county road facilities within Urban Growth Areas, Master Planned Resorts, and Designated Highways of Regional Significance as established by the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization Regional Transportation Plan, based upon Average Annual Daily Trips. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.3 Minimize life cycle costs of the county transportation system by preserving and maintaining both the adequacy and operating condition of the existing transportation system. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.4 Maintain the efficiency of traffic flow by Transportation Demand Management, planning for limited road access, monitoring traffic, upgrading traffic control devices, and developing traffic management techniques as appropriate ▶ Policy TR-P-1.5 Encourage the retention and use of roadway features in rural areas that enhance rural character, minimize impervious surfaces, and minimize cost to taxpayers and developers. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.6 Prevent glare and minimize pollution to the night sky through the use of appropriate roadway lighting and fixtures without compromising public safety. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.7 Enhance urban qualities by applying appropriate urban standards in Urban Growth Areas and Master Planned Resorts. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.8 Design roadways in the county road system according to their functional classification and forecasted 20-year traffic demand. ▶ Policy TR-P-1.9 Provide Active Transportation facilities along designated routes that rate “acceptable” or “good” according to the active transportation LOS definitions set out in the transportation element. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 346 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-1.10 Provide a level of access to JTA transit stop locations that rates “acceptable” or “good” according to the transit LOS definitions set out in the transportation element. Goal TR-G-2 Promote a coordinated and integrated public transportation system that is accessible, affordable, reliable, safe, cost effective, energy efficient, and contributes to the cultural and economic betterment of the residents of Jefferson County. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.1 Support existing public transportation programs and coordinate with the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization to improve the system as needed, and consider including Kitsap County, Bainbridge Island and Seattle. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.2 Encourage cooperation between private and public transportation providers. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.3 Support the operational and comprehensive planning of Jefferson Transit Authority to reduce auto dependency, enhance regional trips by transit ridership and TDM, and ensure reliable transit options for all (especially for rural residents, youth, elders, disabled riders, and those without access to a personal vehicle). Jefferson County defaults to Jefferson Transit Authority’s definition and findings of transit levels of service, and will collaborate with Jefferson Transit Authority on the county’s transit system service needs. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.4 Coordinate with Jefferson Transit to provide transit routes and hours that equitably connect people to jobs, education, healthcare, and recreation opportunities, including culturally relevant youth activities and events, and to expand Dial-A-Ride availability. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.5 Provide convenient automobile, pedestrian, and bicycle access to park and ride facilities on arterial/collector routes where warranted and cost effective. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.6 Coordinate with Jefferson Transit Authority in the planning and permit review process, to identify and invest in road and pedestrian improvements that support transit use, reliability, safety, retail shopping facilities, offices, and industrial and residential development. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.7 Promote and enhance passenger and freight travel opportunities, including development of air and water transportation alternatives. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 347 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-2.8 Coordinate with the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization and other jurisdictions to ensure that adequate Washington State Ferry System service is provided to the community. ▶ Policy TR-P-2.9 Encourage and support the adoption of electric and autonomous vehicle sharing programs that include a comprehensive network of electric changing stations that facilitate electric vehicle use. Goal TR-G-3 Provide safe, inclusive, universally accessible, and convenient routes, trails, parking facilities, trailheads, and other amenities that promote non-motorized travel for people of all ages and abilities. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.1 Using established standards, prioritize investments in coordinated and safe bicycle, equestrian, and pedestrian way improvements, with a focus on underserved populations, in accordance with the Non-motorized Transportation and Recreational Trails Plan. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.2 In coordination with Federal, State, and regional agencies, utilities, and citizen groups, emphasize connectivity and access to schools, parks, employment, major activity service centers, transit facilities (ferry, bus, etc.), and links between existing trails and regional trail networks during land use and transportation system development planning. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.3 Evaluate safety issues for bicycle and pedestrian travel near schools and identify potential improvements. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.4 Support educational opportunities for children and adults that will encourage safe use of roadways, trails, and sidewalks for all transportation modes. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.5 Promote safe, convenient, and protected bicycle parking at activity centers such as schools, parks, commercial centers, employment and service centers, and mass transit facilities (ferry, bus, etc.) in accordance with the Non-motorized Transportation and Recreational Trails Plan. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.6 In coordination with the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan and the Non-motorized Transportation and Recreation Trails Plan, provide signage for on-street segments of bicycle, pedestrian, and equestrian routes in accordance with the Federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). ▶ Policy TR-P-3.7 Encourage buffering between motorized travel and non-motorized transportation modes. Refer to Open Space, Parks & Rec. Goal OS-G-2 and Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban and related goals and policies TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 348 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-3.8 Coordinate with WSDOT and PRTPO to enhance existing bicycle connectivity and safety along state highway bicycle routes. ▶ Policy TR-P-3.9 Provide adequate and appropriate signage to promote safe and effective multimodal transportation on local and state bicycle routes. Goal TR-G-4 Encourage land use types, mixes, and densities that promote efficient multi-modal transportation systems. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.1 Recognize and promote multimodal transportation, especially in high density Urban Growth areas where it is most efficient and effective. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.2 Encourage development which minimizes the need for expanding the road system and utilizes the capacity of the existing motorized and non-motorized transportation system ▶ Policy TR-P-4.3 Adopt a concurrency development regulation that clarifies applicable concurrency requirements and prohibits development approval if the development causes the LOS on a county- owned or county-operated transportation facility to decline below the standards adopted in the transportation element of the comprehensive plan, unless transportation improvements or strategies to accommodate the impacts of development are made concurrent with the development. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.4 Enhance transportation system safety by requiring appropriate facility design, including providing landscaping and setbacks adjacent to transportation facilities, and limiting access where appropriate. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.5 Protect outstanding scenic vistas accessible from transportation facilities through site design, provide visual, and where possible and appropriate, physical access to these resources. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.6 Require that subdivision and commercial project designs address multimodal mobility, including: Cost effective transit and delivery of emergency service; Provisions for all transportation modes, including electric vehicle infrastructure; Dedication of rights of way for existing and future transportation needs; Motorized and non-motorized access; Shoulders, sidewalks, trail connections, and bicycle pathways; Refer to Land Use Element, Section 1.4 Urban and policies LU-P-32.12, LU-P-32.13, and LU-G-35 Refer to the Land Use Element, Policy LU-P-35.2. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 349 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Compatibility between motorized vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit users; Inclusion of transit friendly design elements; Adequate parking for non-peak periods; Frontage improvements and roadway features to meet urban design standards within the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA and, when appropriate, the Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort; and Freight access and mobility. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.7 Provide adequate right-of-way for future transportation needs, through implementation of a systematic right-of- way acquisition program, by limiting encroachment of structures or ancillary uses into the right-of-way (e.g., setbacks), requiring right-of- way dedication or easements as part of development approval, and by acquiring right-of-way for future needs through purchase from willing sellers. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.8 Ensure that unacceptable safety hazards will be mitigated. The definition of unacceptable will be based on analysis of the existing facility(s) and the current standards for that facility(s) contained in commonly used and adopted transportation publications. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.9 Ensure that the LOS for county roads are met for existing and proposed development concurrent with proposed development prior to issuing development approvals, by requiring traffic impact analyses where appropriate. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.10 Ensure that new developments that would generate traffic on county roads that would significantly decrease the LOS below the adopted LOS standard for an intersection or roadway segment not be approved without strategies for mitigation or funding for improvements through the development of a concurrency development regulation. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.11 Encourage land use development patterns and support technologies that reduce the demand for increased capacity on roadways. ▶ Policy TR-P-4.12 Require that roadway improvements and new subdivisions within the defined school pedestrian walking zone meet established standards intended to ensure the safety of pedestrians and bicyclists. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 350 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal TR-G-5 Ensure that the transportation system in Jefferson County includes all modes of transportation, and encourages the efficient movement of goods, services, and passengers in coordination with a statewide system. ▶ Policy TR-P-5.1 Allow the use of public funds that ensure that appropriate transportation facilities are in place at the time of development in designated commercial and industrial zones. ▶ Policy TR-P-5.2 Ensure that access to the major air and water transportation facilities via County arterials and state highways is safe, efficient, and coordinated with other transportation modes. ▶ Policy TR-P-5.3 Recognize the existence and current use of private small airfields, landing strips, and private helistops in land use decisions, and ensure that proposed new and expanded use of these private facilities do not adversely impact surrounding properties, and meet all required development criteria. ▶ Policy TR-P-5.4 Protect arterials and highways from encroachment and congestion by access, utilizing appropriate traffic mitigation techniques for commercial development and other impediments to flow. ▶ Policy TR-P-5.5 Ensure that local access roads provide through passage to nearby collectors and arterials at safe speeds consistent with surrounding density and land use. Goal TR-G-6 Ensure efficient management of all transportation resources through cooperation in planning and project development with Federal, State, regional, and local jurisdictions, the PRTPO, and the Public. ▶ Policy TR-P-6.1 Coordinate with relevant agencies in the development of federal, state, and county regulations and guidelines for transportation of hazardous materials through the county. Refer to Natural Resources Element and Open Space, Parks & Rec., Historical & Cultural Preservation Element, Goal OS-G-2 TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 351 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-6.2 Coordinate planning for transportation improvements and projects with the facilities/utility planning activities of other agencies and utilities in order to reduce duplication of service, ensure that per-project costs are reduced, environmental impacts minimized, and community inconvenience and disruption lessened, while increasing the quality of service. ▶ Policy TR-P-6.3 Provide for adequate transportation improvements or strategies to accommodate the impacts of development to (1) eliminate LOS deficiencies for existing use; (2) achieve the adopted LOS standards for anticipated future development or redevelopment caused by previously issued and new development permits; (3) repair or replace obsolete or worn-out facilities; and (4) give ranking priority to transportation improvements funded through the capital facilities plan and six-year transportation improvement program that would alleviate LOS deficiencies on facilities serving sites where essential public facilities are funded for construction. ▶ Policy TR-P-6.4 Comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) in all transportation projects. ▶ Policy TR-P-6.5 Maintain an ADA Transition Plan in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Goal TR-G-7 Ensure that transportation planning includes equitable opportunities for public involvement—especially from historically underrepresented or marginalized communities such as youth, disabled, BIPOC, and rural residents. ▶ Policy TR-P-7.1 Consider convening a transportation advisory committee to assist the county with transportation planning and implementation issues. ▶ Policy TR-P-7.2 Consider conducting a public process to develop local criteria and standards for arterial, collector, and local access streets, commercial and residential development, and roadway maintenance. ▶ Policy TR-P-7.3 Include racial and social equity, as well as environmental justice, as key criteria in planning, funding and construction transportation system improvements, programs and services. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 352 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-7.4 Offer multiple methods for participation, including youth-friendly engagement opportunities such as through schools, online platforms, and community partnerships. Goal TR-G-8 Promote Transportation Demand Management programs as a means of reducing traffic, minimizing environmental impacts such as climate change, and optimizing existing transportation investments. ▶ Policy TR-P-8.1 Encourage employers to reduce single-occupancy commuting by offering flexible work schedules, telecommuting options, subsidized transit passes, and incentives to carpooling. ▶ Policy TR-P-8.2 Encourage employers to provide on-site facilities that encourage use of alternative transportation modes, such as transit shelters and covered bike racks, lockers, and showers at work sites. ▶ Policy TR-P-8.3 Facilitate transportation demand management by coordinating and assisting in the development of transit amenities and non-motorized transportation facilities in county road or highway improvements, including bus pullouts, passenger shelters, bypass lanes, park-and-ride facilities, sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and multi- purpose trails, where appropriate. ▶ Policy TR-P-8.4 Participate with state government and transit agencies in developing, promoting, and facilitating regional ridesharing through such programs as parking management, and ride match services and preferential parking for carpools and vanpools. Goal TR-G-9 Provide transportation facilities and services that are energy efficient, protect and enhance the environment, and preserve the existing residential quality of life. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.1 Continue the county’s long-standing commitment to prioritize mechanical and manual methods to control roadside vegetation. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 353 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-9.2 Ensure that all transportation projects comply with the Jefferson County Critical Areas Ordinance in order to protect critical areas, preserve open space, and maintain wildlife habitat in transportation projects and planning. Include the mitigation of adverse impacts on water resources, drainage patterns, and soils in the design of transportation facilities. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.3 Protect air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by improving the operating efficiency of the overall transportation system, through the effective use of multimodal transportation. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.4 Promote the conservation of energy through Transportation Demand Management policies and techniques. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.5 Address environmental retrofitting of transportation facilities, including the implementation of storm water facility best management practices and the replacement of culverts that impede fish passage, as opportunities and funding allows. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.6 Transportation facilities and services shall be sited, designed, or buffered to fit in harmoniously with their surroundings, as appropriate. When sited within or adjacent to residential areas, special attention should be given to traffic, noise, light, and glare impacts. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.7 Evaluate all transportation, plans and projects for opportunities to adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change. ▶ Policy TR-P-9.8 Encourage use of electric bicycles under RCW 46.04169 to reduce fossil fuel use and improve public health outcomes. Goal TR-G-10 Continue to update the Transportation Improvement Program consistent with, and incorporated by reference into this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy TR-P-10.1 The priority for maintenance and expansion of the county’s roadways shall be in areas within UGA boundaries, followed by corridors that serve as a connection between UGAs and/or regional centers. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 354 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy TR-P-10.2 The county’s traffic information and modeling shall be updated at least once every six years or sooner if the director of the public works department deems it necessary. The update process shall include traffic volumes (for select locations or the entire county), analysis of completion of previously approved development, improvements to transportation facilities, the effect of transportation strategies, and a review of LOS standards compared to planned transportation facility improvements. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 355 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 6.5 ACTION PLAN The Transportation Element is implemented by on-going updates to capital plans and system plans, as well as implementation of the county’s code, such as with concurrency standards. Exhibit 6-9 Transportation Action Plan Action Description Multi-modal System Investments Transportation Improvement Program Annually update the six-year transportation improvement program. Capital Facility Plan Include 6-year and 20-year transportation system improvements. System Plan & Code Implementation Transportation Levels of Service and Concurrency Implementation Consider implementing LOS and concurrency provisions in County code to include multimodal levels of service. Coordination Participate in Regional Forums Continue to coordinate in regional forums through the PRTPO and collaborate with WSDOT, Jefferson Transit, and Port of Port Townsend on road, airborne, and marine travel. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. TRANSPORTATION Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 356 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 357 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 7 Economic Development Jefferson County enjoys an enviable quality of life, and outstanding scenic, recreational, and ecological resources. In addition, it enjoys proximity to urban areas in the Puget Sound region, and a growing popularity as a tourist destination. The rural, resource- based history is evident in the county's numerous and vast areas of commercial forestlands, farms, and gravel mines. This somewhat isolated setting, paired with the large amount of state and federal lands in the county, can create challenges for economic development. However, maintaining and enhancing quality of life is a key aspect of the county’s economic development strategy, as well as providing resiliency within various possible economic futures. Accessibility to all areas of Jefferson County is quite limited. Only four state highways provide vehicular access. The Washington State Ferries System provides access at the City of Port Townsend at the county's northernmost point. Jefferson County is more geographically isolated than counties elsewhere in the Puget Sound, creating a unique and challenging business and economic development setting. The North Olympic Development This element supports the Vision Statement by promoting job retention and job growth to maintain and enhance quality of life for existing and future residents. Priorities leverage the resource-based, tourist-based, and location-based economies, promote the port and other assets, and incorporate additional innovative and entrepreneurial economic development. Economic Development Element concepts are directly linked with goals and policies in other elements that seek to empower adequate and affordable housing, supportive land use and development codes, and safe and sufficient infrastructure. Connection to the Vision Statement Left: Jefferson County, Right: Carolyn Gallaway ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 358 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Council reported that the natural abundance of the region has not translated into prosperity for its residents nor jurisdictions.91 With over two-thirds of the county in public ownership and unavailable for direct economic development activities, Jefferson County may appear to have limited economic development opportunities. However, within a changing economy, the county can capitalize on opportunities including the possibility to use its natural abundance as an asset and transcend the perceived development limitations of the land. Natural and social qualities drive Jefferson County prosperity and are key elements to develop and strengthen the economic development strategy. For example, Olympic National Park occupies most of central Jefferson County and is one of the top ten most-visited national parks in the U.S. with most of those visitors traveling first through Jefferson County to enjoy the park's spectacular scenery and outdoor recreation opportunities. Tourism development strategies that increase Jefferson County’s ability to attract and serve these travelers can be a way to turn these challenges into opportunities. 91 NODC, 2016. Jefferson County finds that it is important to create a future that allows our communities to thrive and prosper as we maintain our rural character. This includes strategies that allow our communities to develop not only resource-based economies, but provide the balance and flexibility to provide for new emerging economies. The Growth Management Act makes the following findings regarding Rural Lands and a Rural Economy (RCW 36.70A.011): “Rural lands and rural-based economies enhance the economic desirability of the state, help to preserve traditional economic activities, and contribute to the state's overall quality of life. The legislature finds that to retain and enhance the job base in rural areas, rural counties must have flexibility to create opportunities for business development. Further, the legislature finds that rural counties must have the flexibility to retain existing businesses and allow them to expand. The legislature recognizes that not all business developments in rural counties require an urban level of services; and that many businesses in rural areas fit within the definition of rural character identified by the local planning unit. Finally, the legislature finds that in defining its rural element under RCW 36.70A.070(5), a county should foster land use patterns and develop a local vision of rural character that will: Help preserve rural-based economies and traditional rural lifestyles; encourage the economic prosperity of rural residents; foster opportunities for small-scale, rural-based employment and self-employment; permit the operation of rural-based agricultural, commercial, recreational, and tourist businesses that are consistent with existing and planned land use patterns; be compatible with the use of the land by wildlife and for fish and wildlife habitat; foster the private stewardship of the land and preservation of open space; and enhance the rural sense of community and quality of life.” Flexibility in Implementing GMA in a Rural Economy ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 359 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The local Jefferson County economy is currently dominated by industrial, agricultural, and natural resource activities, along with the attendant governmental and health services provided to the community. The GMA provides jurisdictions with opportunities to plan Industrial Land Banks as a planned reserve area for a future industrial site, as well as provisions for planning Major Industrial Developments. Additional detail can be found in the Land Use Element. Still present are the historical industries of forestry and lumber production, and maritime trades such as seafood processing, ship repair and boatbuilding. Agricultural activities include aquaculture, organic farming, and food production. These productive industries also create and sustain their own type of diversified, experiential tourism activities. 7.1 PURPOSE The purpose of the Economic Development Element is to establish “local goals, policies, objectives, and provisions for economic growth and vitality and a high quality of life.”92 A strong, stable, diversified, and resilient economy provides a high quality of life for the residents of Jefferson County and the region. The economy generates resources necessary for the well-being of families and individuals and the resources through which local governments provide for the health, safety, and welfare of its community members. Economic Development Vision Statement In Jefferson County, our residents, Tribes, businesses, and public institutions share a deep commitment to place, community character, and long-term sustainability. We view economic development as a collaborative effort grounded in local values, shaped by ongoing engagement, and carried forward through partnership between the private sector, local governments, and community institutions. A resilient and equitable economy depends on both private initiative and public leadership. Businesses, entrepreneurs, and workers bring investment, innovation, and opportunity. At the same time, Jefferson County, the City of Port Townsend, the Port, and the Public Utility District help set the conditions for success by establishing a clear vision for growth consistent with adopted plans and policies; planning for appropriate land use and siting of economic activities; and ensuring 92 RCW 36.70A.070(7). ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 360 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 that public facilities and services are available to support development as it occurs. This includes coordinated investment in transportation, water, energy, and broadband infrastructure. Local governments also play a key role in providing a regulatory environment that is predictable, timely, and transparent, and coordinated across jurisdictions to align planning, infrastructure, and economic development goals. Together, these efforts support development that is consistent with community priorities, protects natural resources, and maintains the county’s rural character and quality of life. 7.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES Conditions & Trends Employment & Labor Force The Washington State Employment Securities Department estimates there were an average 8,968 jobs in Jefferson County throughout 2023.93 As discussed in the Housing Element, the median age of Jefferson County residents is the highest of all county populations in the state (60.7 years).94 Jefferson County had the highest share of the population age 65 and older in Washington state with 26.3% in 2010 and 43.5% in 2024. Reciprocally, there are proportionately fewer young residents in the county compared to the state. This trend can be expected to affect the economy in ways ranging from shifts in housing demand, retail sales, labor force replacement and healthcare services demands. As seen in the data on educational attainment, the county’s population is comparatively highly educated, but a large proportion is retired and not in the working population. Those aged 55 and older tend to dominate the transportation services, information, educational services, health care, and public administration jobs. Meanwhile, 93 ESD Covered Employment Estimates, 2023. 94 OFM Median Age, 2022. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 361 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 younger workers (age 14 to 24) are primarily in the hospitality industry, specifically accommodation and food service.95 Jobs within the county are heavily concentrated near the City of Port Townsend. Clusters of employment are also concentrated in Irondale and Port Hadlock, Chimacum, Port Ludlow, and Quilcene (Exhibit 7-1). In the western part of the county, there is a concentration of workers west of the Olympic National Park at the Olympic Corrections Center. Exhibit 7-1 Employment Concentration In Jefferson County (2021) Source: US Census, OnTheMap, 2021. Unemployment rates in the county have been higher than state figures since the U.S. recession of 2007-2009. Though the recession officially ended in 2009, the impacts of the recession extended into 2013 for Jefferson County. Recent peaks of unemployment coincided with the recession of 2007-2009 and then again during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The unemployment rate in the county has declined since the pandemic, from a peak of 9.4% in 2020 to 6.5% in 2024. Jefferson’s unemployment rate has remained consistently higher than the state unemployment rate, which went from 8.5% to 5.1% over the same period. See Exhibit 7-2 and the textbox below. The phenomenon called prime age employment gap, where rates of unemployment among persons between 25-55 lags behind the national rate, was recognized nationally in the August 2022 CHIPS and Science Act. Jefferson County—as part of the two-county region including Jefferson County, Clallam County, and the five sovereign tribes—applied for and received funding from the Economic Development Administration in 2024 under the Recompete program 95 ESD Jefferson County Profile, 2020. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 362 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 to help create and connect people in the county to good jobs (the North Olympic Peninsula Recompete Plan).96 Exhibit 7-2 Unemployment Rate (1990–2024)—National, State, and Jefferson County Notes: Not seasonally adjusted. Sources: ESD LAUS, Not Seasonally Adjusted Historical Estimates, 2024; BLS Unadjusted Unemployment Rate (Series LNU04000000), March 2024; BERK, 2024. 96 U.S. Economic Development Administration Distressed Area Recompete Pilot Program (Recompete) and List of Awardees, 2025. Despite a general national recovery from the Great Recession, defined by the period of 2007-2009, rural areas nationally had a slower and longer recovery period that stretched well into 2012 (Exhibit 7-2), with complete recovery unlikely to happen in some communities at all. Unemployment rates in the county continued to decline leading up to 2020 but spiked during at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. COVID-19 had profound effects on the labor market in Jefferson County. From January 2020 to February 2022, overall employment in Jefferson County decreased by 6%—in comparison, Mason County saw an employment decrease of 1% while neighboring Clallam County saw a 1% increase in employment in that same time period. Nonfarm employment was less impacted by the pandemic, losing 10 jobs from 2020 to 2022 but about 500 jobs short of the 2019 total county count. However, the leisure and hospitality sector is still struggling to recover from the Covid-19 shutdown. While it has regained jobs since 2020, it still lags pre-pandemic levels. Sources: ESD Jefferson County Profile, last updated May 2022; Commerce Economic Recovery Dashboard, 2024. Recovering from the Great Recession and the COVID-19 Pandemic ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 363 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Economic Sectors & Major Employers The largest employers by sector in Jefferson County are government, retail trade, and accommodation and food services. Together these sectors make up approximately 50% of covered employment in the county. Government employs more than one-quarter of the workforce in Jefferson County, with local government as a primary employer. Major employers in the county include Jefferson Healthcare, the Port Townsend Paper Company, Chimacum School District, Life Care Center of Port Townsend, the Olympic Corrections Center, and Jefferson County. Jefferson Healthcare is the largest public employer in Jefferson County.97 Overall trends show health care and social assistance employment share in Jefferson County decreasing since 2008 while jobs in the construction industry have increased over the past ten years (Exhibit 7-3). Regionally, Jefferson County is part of the Emerald Coast Opportunity Zone (ECOZ), which is a collaboration of five Tribal Nations, four cities, two counties (Clallam and Jefferson), and two port authorities. ECOZ creates and promotes economic projects to make the Olympic Coast more attractive to investors. Covid-19 has impacted hiring levels for specific industries in the county. In 2020, 31% of the workforce was employed by government due to an increase in hiring by the federal government, but that dropped to 28% the following year. Accommodation and food services jobs saw a decrease in 2020 and have slowly recovered and rebounded to a similar number of jobs as pre-pandemic. Exhibit 7-3 Covered Employment Share by Sector (2002–2022)—Jefferson County 97 ESD Covered Employment, 2024 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 364 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: ESD Covered Employment, 2024; BERK, 2024. Small businesses also play a significant role in Jefferson County. In 2021, there were 1,018 established businesses throughout county. Approximately two-thirds of these were small businesses with fewer than 5 employees (64%) and more than 80% of registered businesses had fewer than 10 employees. These are higher than statewide counts which show 58% of businesses had less than 5 employees and 76% had fewer than 10 employees.98 The economy of Jefferson County also includes an industrial, agricultural, and service base. With a history rooted in its forestry and maritime resources, the county has strong natural resource extraction and manufacturing industries. Its rural area supports an agricultural base, and there is a significant service and tourism industry. ▶ Resource Based Sectors and Manufacturing Industrial: Jefferson County has a strong history of natural resource extraction and manufacturing, including private commercial forestry, timber harvest, and gravel and other mineral resource extraction. Its manufacturing has a history of supporting canneries and fruit, vegetable, and poultry production. It currently also includes lumber, fish processing, and shipbuilding, repair, and maintenance. Today, commercial forestry occupies the largest area of privately owned land in the county and is zoned at a minimum of eighty acres per 98 U.S. Census CB2100CBP: County Business Patterns, 2021 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 365 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 resource parcel. These sectors make up 16% of total nonfarm employment in Jefferson County. ▶ Agriculture: While occupying much less of the economy than in previous decades, the county includes and designates large areas for long-term commercially viable agricultural production due to its high-quality agricultural soils and grazing areas. The return of agricultural-based jobs and incomes has been slow yet steady and is the focus of increasing support and interest from agricultural leaders in attracting new and expanding existing agricultural- based jobs. The agricultural base includes tree farms, aquaculture, an organic farming sector, and food production with an emphasis on artisanal farm products. Agriculture has grown in employment and in the number of establishments since 2015. ▶ Service Based Industries: Currently, Jefferson County supports jobs in a broad range of service-based jobs and in the marine trades and maritime industries. These jobs exist in the incorporated and unincorporated urban growth areas, in the rural commercial and rural village centers and intermittently throughout other rurally zoned lands. These include all services related to small businesses, and health care and medical services. ▶ Tourism: Tourism is a key economic sector in Jefferson County, with its access to varied recreation opportunities on the Olympic Peninsula and along the coast, a vibrant port, and numerous shops, restaurants, and lodging for visitors. In 2023, 644,000 people visited the county. These visits help boost the accommodation and food services sector, which provides employment for approximately 12% of the county workforce. Prior to the pandemic, visitors spent approximately $126.8 million in the county in 2019.99 By 2023, direct visitor spending in Jefferson County increased to $159.9 million,100 an increase of 26%. Nearly half of 2023 visitor spending was spent on lodging. The impact of this tourism generated $14.1 million in direct state and local taxes in 2023. Wages The 2022 average annual average wage for Jefferson County was $71,094. This was below the state’s average annual wage of $102,378, as well as the state average minus King County, which was $76,544. The median hourly wage in 2022 was $27.01, less than that of the state’s median 99 Jefferson County Economic Development Existing Conditions Report, 2021. 100 Olympic Peninsula Tourism Commission, 2023 Value of Tourism to Jefferson County, 2024. Jefferson County has a strong tourist industry, with historical ties as a destination for tourist ferries from Seattle and its geographic proximity to recreation opportunities. Tourism provides a valuable revenue stream through its lodging, restaurants, and shops. Tourism jobs are located throughout the county in similar areas as service-based jobs. The County is also a board member and funding partner of the Olympic Peninsula Tourism Commission (OPTC), a partnership of neighboring jurisdictions to promote the Olympic Peninsula as a desirable destination. The County collaborates with Clallam, Mason, and Greys Harbor Counties, as well as the Cities of Sequim, Port Angeles, and Forks to market tourism on the Olympic Peninsula. These efforts support regional tourism in the area. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 366 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 hourly wage at $32.45 for the state, less King County at $27.63 101 Industries with higher average wage earnings included professional, scientific, and technical services and government (Exhibit 7-4). Government jobs represented about 27% of covered employment in 2022. Other sectors representing a large share of the 2022 workforce— including accommodation and food services and retail trade (12% each)—had some of the lowest average wages by sector (approximately $24,500 and $35,300, respectively). Exhibit 7-4 Average Annual Wage by Sector (2022) Note: Average annual wage for all industries is from ESD’s countywide average annual wage figures, which is higher than the average annual wage listed in the covered employment data. This is because some wage information by sector is redacted in covered employment data to avoid disclosure of data for individual employers. Sources: ESD Covered Employment and Average Annual Wage, 2022; BERK, 2024. Inflation adjusted average wages in the county have been lower than the state and have been falling further behind. Given the high proportion of potential retirees in the population, wages are likely to be 101 ESD Median Hourly Wage, 2022. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 367 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 a smaller proportion of county residents’ personal incomes. See Exhibit 7-5. Net earnings (e.g., wage, salary, proprietary income) accounted for 38% of personal income in 2022 compared to 64% of personal income statewide (Exhibit 7-6), consistent with the higher proportion of retirees in the county. Exhibit 7-5 Inflation Adjusted Average Wage (1990–2022)—State, State Less King, and Jefferson County Sources: ESD Average Annual Wage, 2022; BERK, 2024. Exhibit 7-6 Sources of Personal Income (2022)—Jefferson County vs. Statewide Note: Personal current transfer receipts include Social Security benefits, medical benefits, veterans’ benefits, and unemployment insurance benefits. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Economic Profile for Jefferson, 2022. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 368 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Taxable Sales Trends Taxable retail sales capture information about some types of economic activity. Inflation adjusted annual and quarterly taxable retail sales are shown for unincorporated Jefferson County in Exhibit 7-7 and Exhibit 7-8. The data show both the variability of some sectors across time as well as the seasonal variation within sectors. It shows the reliance of the county on retail and construction as sources of sales tax revenue, and the seasonal variation of these sectors. Sales from retail trade and accommodation and food services also reflect the growing tourism in the county (see Exhibit 7-3 and section on tourism above). A 2010 report by E.D. Hovee and Company found that travelers to Jefferson County spend proportionately more for dining, accommodations, groceries, other retail purchases, and arts, entertainment, recreation than is typical for visitors traveling elsewhere in Washington.102 Exhibit 7-7 Inflation Adjusted Annual Taxable Retail Sales (2005–2023)—Unincorporated Jefferson County Note: Inflation adjusted to 2023 dollars. Sources: Department of Revenue Taxable Retail Sales, 2024; BERK, 2024. Exhibit 7-8 Inflation Adjusted Quarterly Taxable Retail Sales* (2013–2023)—Unincorporated Jefferson County 102 E.D. Hovee & Company, LLC, 2010. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 369 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: Inflation adjusted to 2023 dollars. Sources: Department of Revenue Taxable Retail Sales, 2024; BERK, 2024 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 370 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Challenges & Opportunities The county’s land largely consists of rural and resource lands, and limited urban areas, which creates economic development needs unique to the county and its residents. Economic development strategies must balance economic growth, housing needs, environmental and health protection, and a high quality of life. Many economic development opportunities exist to provide forestry, agriculture and aquaculture production and processing, marine industries, tourism and recreation, and other enterprises suited to a rural county; yet the GMA limits opportunities for urban levels of development or urban services outside of urban areas. Planning under the GMA, Jefferson County identified development patterns in place at the time the GMA was adopted, July 1, 1990. As planning continued through the adoption of the first County Comprehensive Plan under the GMA in 1998, and subsequent years, designation of urban and rural commercial centers was completed: the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, designations of rural commercial and industrial districts, and outer boundaries of Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development (LAMIRDs), essential public facilities like the airport, and master planned resorts. These designations were made very conservatively. With the experience of local jurisdictions implementing the GMA over the last 20 years, the county is compelled to revisit the planning assumptions of the 1990’s and analyze in the current planning horizon how we need to balance the GMA goals with our local circumstances to maintain and grow a rural economy and preserve our rural character. Jefferson County has the opportunity to designate major industrial developments or plan industrial land banks under the GMA. The county is considering all tools available in compliance with the GMA, as well as partnering with economic development entities in the county and engaging with the state legislature to advance creative solutions to the challenges of implementing the GMA in rural counties. Another challenge is that the state legislature, under the GMA, has not made funding available for Economic Development Elements. Funding There is an expansion of agriculture businesses making value-added products— for example, winery, brewery, creamery, a culinary institute, and growth in farmer’s markets. Value-added products can provide a higher return on investment, as well as cash flow from sales during off-season times of year. The additional costs of licensing and processing facilities may limit the feasibility of producing value-added products, but often infrastructure costs, such as a commercial kitchen, can be shared cooperatively among many processors. Major aspects of the agriculture economy include the cost of land and finding markets. Agriculture organizations working in Jefferson County are connecting farmers with local markets for their products by building relationships between farmers and consumers (eat local first, local marketing strategies, and educating consumers). This includes finding niches for products, forming relationships with buyers—wholesale, restaurants, cooperatives, direct-marketing, or farmers markets. Whether it’s providing a special ingredient for a local chef, or connecting organic growers with wholesale buyers, market connections made and relationships developed have helped producers and consumers both find value-added business. —Kelli Henwood, WSU Jefferson County Extension, September 2018. The Return of Agricultural-based Jobs Enhanced by Relationships & Market Connections ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 371 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 strategic and long-term planning by the county and partners would help further this Element’s goals and implement strategies. Strengths & Challenges Prior assessments of county-wide economic conditions date back to a 2010 review of existing conditions. The 2010 Economic Existing Conditions Report provided a “SWOT” analysis—a preliminary assessment of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats affecting the local economy. SWOT findings are intended to consist of preliminary summary observations, subject to refinement in consultation with participating jurisdictions and stakeholders. The summary below is an abbreviated representation of the 2010 findings and includes additional findings from subsequent stakeholder discussions and updated community profile information in Appendix E. SWOT Analysis of key variables generally affecting economic development in Jefferson County: ▶ An available workforce population with a higher-than-average educational level. ▶ Natural setting and quality of life that increases appeal as a place to live. ▶ Proximity to growing Puget Sound region. ▶ Growing popularity as a tourist destination. ▶ Availability of industrial sites, working harbor, and diverse maritime sector. ▶ A limited workforce that is increasing in average age or becoming removed from the workforce through retirements, and relatively high and growing service sector needs as population ages. ▶ Distance from markets and direct client contact, constraining options for business expansion. ▶ A lack of countywide recovery from the Great Recession and COVID-19 pandemic that continues to constrain those trades, goods and services that support economic development (including recovery of construction, manufacturing, and related sectors). ▶ A lack of affordable housing caused by housing costs outpacing average household incomes. ▶ Higher home prices from limited housing supply, and a scarcity of rental units with a vacancy rate of 5.8% or less as of early 2024.103 103 Washington Center for Real Estate Research, 2024. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 372 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Barriers to attracting a qualified workforce especially for the agricultural sector due to the shortage of affordable housing and limitations on developing workforce housing. ▶ Legal barriers and limited public-sector financing to build infrastructure to support new or expanded job growth (municipal wastewater treatment, access to broadband internet services) in rurally zoned areas of Jefferson County. This report builds upon the previous 2010 assessment, with updates most recently from the 2021 Economic Existing Conditions Report,104 which primarily revised the metrics considered in the 2010 review. The latest analysis includes updates to the data and trends sections, reflecting the pandemic economic landscape and policy changes since 2010. Below is a summary from the 2021 Economic Existing Conditions Report: ▶ Demographics of City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County indicate populations that are older with smaller households, higher educational attainment but lower median household incomes and housing values than for the entire state of Washington. ▶ Over the course of the 2020 pandemic year, Jefferson County had an estimated average of 1,130 firms employing 8,637 workers. Average annual wage was $45,540 per employee in 2020 (38% below the statewide average wage of $73,500). Countywide covered employment increased by 636 jobs from 2010 to 2020, up by 1,144 from 2010 to 19 but then offset by a net loss of 508 jobs averaged over the full 2020 calendar year. ▶ From 2010 to 2021, countywide labor force and unemployment mirrored changing trends similar to that of the state but with unemployment averaging about 1.2% points above the statewide rate through 2019. As of mid-2021, the resident labor force is about 1,660 less than at the 2007 peak. A question going forward is whether workforce recovery will occur with pandemic easing and economic recovery nationally. ▶ Overall sources of personal income are considerably different in Jefferson County than is the case statewide. Net earnings, which include wage and salary as well as proprietary income, accounted for 41% of personal income in 2010, declining to 37% in 2019. By comparison, net earnings represented a substantially higher 63% of personal income statewide both in 2010 and 2019. For Jefferson County, dividends, interest and rents as well as personal transfer receipts exceed statewide proportions. ▶ From 2010 to 2021, taxable retail sales have increased by 127% for the unincorporated portion of the county as compared with a 33% 104 E.D. Hovee & Company, LLC, 2021. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 373 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 increase for the City of Port Townsend – with unincorporated taxable sales exceeding the City of Port Townsend for the first time in 2019. From 2010 to 2020, the City of Port Townsend came to rely more heavily on retail as a source of taxable revenue, with the unincorporated area more dependent on increases in both construction and retail. Effects of the pandemic are clearly indicated for both city and unincorporated areas—with hospitality dropping from 15% to 12% of taxable revenues in the City of Port Townsend and from 13% to just 6% in the unincorporated area of the county. ▶ In 2019 just prior to the COVID pandemic, visitors to Jefferson County spent an estimated $126.8 million in the county. Tourism spending is estimated at just under $4,000 per Jefferson County resident, 37% more than the per capita figure state-wide. ▶ As of early 2021, retail and dining sales for Jefferson County are estimated at just over $355 million—equal to 52% of resident consumer buying potential of nearly $682 million. Sales leakage of 48% occurs as residents spend outside of Jefferson County to an extent not offset by non-resident (or visitor) purchases. Sales leakage is experienced across all store and dining categories except for grocery and miscellaneous or specialty retail for which sales volumes exceed what resident purchases alone support. Jefferson County Economic Development Organizations While this element focuses on the county’s role in economic development, the county is committed to working collaboratively with agencies, institutions, and organizations to foster economic development in Jefferson County. The main organizations and their strategic priorities are described below. These organizations are potential partners for regional efforts at business retention, development, and job creation. A recent development is the Emerald Coast Opportunity Zone (ECOZ), which consists of a diverse group of geographical census tracts intended to make the Olympic Coast more attractive to investors. Working together, ECOZ is catalyzing economic development in rural areas by engaging with communities and connecting the best opportunities with private capital. This Opportunity Zone is a unique collaboration of five Tribal Nations, four cities, two counties (Clallam and Jefferson) and two port authorities that spans 14 federally designated Opportunity Zone census tracts. Together, the partners of the Emerald Coast Opportunity Zone are building a deal “engine” of community driven projects that both ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 374 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 present good investments but also create good jobs, construct affordable and high-end housing, and support innovative entrepreneurs.105 EDC Team Jefferson Founded in 2007, the Economic Development Council of Jefferson County (“EDC/Team Jefferson”) is designated by the Washington State Department of Commerce as an Associate Development Organization (ADO) for Jefferson County. It receives funding from various organizations to help grow and develop the local economy. One of its main tenets is to identify potential business opportunities that can be started or attracted to Jefferson County. The EDC assists entrepreneurs and business owners by connecting them to financing opportunities such as our Local Investment Opportunity Network— “LION”, and Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) such as Craft3, which provides assistance to entrepreneurs, nonprofits and individuals who do not have access to traditional financing. According to EDC Team Jefferson, the Jefferson County economy pivots around nine business clusters (see also Appendix E for more information about existing economic sectors and major employers): ▶ Advanced Technology & Manufacturing—with established industries ranging from renewable forest products to technology and distribution firms. ▶ Arts & Culture—encompassing individual artists, non-profit organizations, and private businesses such as galleries. ▶ Education— K-12 public and private schooling, including new Career Tech Education programs being developed at the Chimacum Highschool to provide vocational training for entry level medical professions/trades/food service and higher education through WSU Extension, Peninsula College, Northwest School of Wooden Boat Building, and Port Townsend School of Woodworking, ▶ Small Business and Entrepreneur—focused on individual proprietors or less than 5-employee firms that are technology or craft/product based in start-up or acquisition mode and with a range of growth potentials. ▶ Food & Farm—with activities ranging from farm and aquaculture to food retail and distribution including farmers markets, food banks, food coop and traditional grocery. 105 ESD Jefferson County profile, 2024. Herb Beck Waters, Carolyn Gallaway ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 375 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Healthcare—encompassing hospital, medical/clinic, and alternative health providers. ▶ Marine Trades—with key segments including shipwrights, outfitters, and boat services. ▶ Real Estate and Construction—including people employed with real estate brokerage and development firms together with residential, commercial and infrastructure construction. ▶ Tourism & Retail—encompassing firms and activities (including festivals) that provide hospitality, dining and retail services for residents and visitors.106 EDC Team Jefferson has identified the following strategies:107 ▶ Retain and expand local businesses by energizing entrepreneurship and provide business skill development opportunities. ▶ Attract and keep 18 – 35-year-old emerging entrepreneurs and their families. ▶ Increase access to local capital for entrepreneurs and small businesses. ▶ Set a positive tone for business in Jefferson County. ▶ Focus on collaboration and leadership development. 106 EDC Team Jefferson, 2010. 107 EDC Team Jefferson, 2017. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 376 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The Port of Port Townsend As independent government bodies run by directly elected commissioners, Port Districts have a combination of government powers (taxation, issuing bonds etc.,) and a mission to responsibly promote sustainable economic growth. They play a key role in economic development by providing transportation and industrial infrastructure. Formed by Jefferson County voters in 1924, the Port of Port Townsend operates three marinas, a marine trades industrial area, the Jefferson County International Airport, an RV park, boat launches, docks, and ramps at multiple sites, and Fort Worden Beach. In addition, Ports issue Industrial Development Revenue Bonds (IDRBs) that offer manufacturing and processing companies below- market interest rates for eligible uses, such as purchasing land /equipment, constructing buildings, and/or upgrading existing facilities. In addition to its maritime and aviation business centers, the Port of Port Townsend provides building space for new and expanding businesses. It owns property at Port Townsend Boat Haven, Point Haven, Herb Beck Marina, and the Jefferson County International Airport that it rents out to a variety of businesses that support the local economy. Washington State University (WSU) Jefferson County Extension WSU Jefferson County Extension services and programs strongly support Jefferson County agriculturally based economic development through technical assistance, demonstration/teaching farms, local food resources, and coordination and serving as an information clearinghouse. WSU extension develops programs and works with the agricultural-based community to explore and expand new models of agriculture that pull together innovations in agriculture and economy. WSU also coordinates efforts to eradicate noxious weeds with the Noxious Weed Board and assists the Organic Seed Alliance with seed banking. North Hood Canal Chamber of Commerce The Hood Canal Chamber of Commerce operates two Visitor Centers, in Quilcene and Brinnon, which direct visitors to local lodging, food, activities, and other goods and services available in the area. Chamber staff also promote local businesses by developing advertising materials and connecting local residents and tourists to local businesses. To serve the citizens of Jefferson County by responsibly maintaining and developing property and facilities to promote sustainable economic growth, to provide community access to Port facilities and services, and to protect and maintain our community resources, and maritime heritage. The Port of Port Townsend’s Mission ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 377 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 The North Olympic Development Council (NODC) The NODC is a non-profit corporation formed in October 1984 to advance economic and community development on the North Olympic Peninsula of northwestern Washington State. NODC is designated and funded through the U.S. Dept. of Commerce’s Economic Development Administration (EDA) as a regional Economic Development District. EDA works directly with communities and regions to help them build the capacity for economic development based on local business conditions and needs. The NODC works in collaboration with local governments, businesses, tribal nations, and non-profit organizations to serve the people of Clallam and Jefferson Counties. The Council Board of Directors has identified several immediate areas of focus to foster economic development. These are listed below: ▶ Work to improve infrastructure in support of economic growth. ▶ Make renewable energy technology and innovative manufacturing key components of the regional economy. ▶ Focus on innovative manufacturing (i.e.: composites) to diversify the regional economy. ▶ Encourage entrepreneurship. ▶ Help build a higher-skilled, high-wage workforce. ▶ Explore regional and international markets. ▶ Expand tourism opportunities/revenues. ▶ Improve regional collaboration and partnerships. ▶ Advocate for natural resource and agriculture growth. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 378 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Countywide Planning Policies The CPP direct that this Comprehensive Plan give attention to the needs of nonservice sector businesses and industries and recognize that some businesses are best suited for location in a UGA while others may be better suited for rural areas. 1. Responsibility for creating economic opportunities in Jefferson County is shared between private sector and public sectors. Working collaboratively, private entities and local governments ensure that funds, infrastructure, planning, and development are carried out consistent with defined community and environmental values. To this end, comprehensive plans should clearly identify these values in order that economic opportunity is not lost due to confusion or unreliability of process. Particular attention will be given to the needs of nonservice sector businesses and industries as a strategy to increase wage earning potential within the community. 2. An economic development element shall be included in the County's and incorporated cities’ comprehensive plans. This element should identify and designate adequate areas for commercial, retail, and industrial growth necessary to sustain and meet future population and employment forecasts. The economic development element shall be coordinated with the capital facility, land use and utilities elements of the comprehensive plan. 3. Each UGA and rural center is considered the commercial and business "hub" in their respective area of the County. UGAs should be viewed as regional service and retail centers, while the rural center focus is on local community retail and service needs, and transient accommodations. 4. The GMA contains provisions for the designation of Major Industrial Developments ( MIDs) under RCW 36. 70A. 365 and up to two master planned locations as part of a Jefferson County Industrial Land Bank (ILB) under RCW 36.70A.367. These provisions acknowledge that certain industries, due to their size or type of operation, or due to their dependence on the local resource base, should not be located within the boundaries of UGAs. When locating these types of activities outside of UGAs, special attention must be given to assure that the activity will not promote "urban development" of the surrounding area. These activities will need to be self-supporting and not require the extension of urban services. 5. Jefferson County may maintain policies and development regulations associated with the siting of MIDs, as authorized in RCW 36. 70A. 365, in consultation with cities within the County. 6. Jefferson County may pursue the designation of up to two master planned locations as part of an ILB, as authorized in RCW 36. 70A.367, in consultation with cities within the county and other partner entities through a process involving the Growth Management Steering Committee, the Economic Development Council of Jefferson County, and the Port of Port Townsend. Establishment of the ILB will be conducted through a public participation program within the framework of the Growth Management Act. 7. The Port of Port Townsend's statutory authority should be utilized as a tool to implement industry and trade strategies, including the promotion of employment opportunities, the consolidation and parceling of property, and the development of infrastructure to meet the needs of industry consistent with comprehensive plans and development regulations. Countywide Planning Policy #7 Policy on Countywide Economic Development & Employment ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 379 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 7.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN As discussed above, current employment covered by unemployment insurance is about 8,968 jobs as of 2023.108 This does not include sole proprietors, clergy, chief executives, etc. Covered employment generally represents 85-90% of total employment in communities.109 If adding 15% to the total covered employment in 2023, there would be about 10,300 jobs. Total employment is estimated to rise to about 14,000 jobs by 2045 based on expected housing growth, existing jobs to housing ratios, and estimated 2023 total employment by planning area. See Exhibit 7-9. Employment shares within planning areas for 2023 were estimated using 2022 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) data from the U.S. Census OnTheMap tool, ESD’s countywide 2023 covered employment estimate, and existing housing units and projected housing growth from Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT) tool. Exhibit 7-9 Estimated Employment Growth by Planning Area (2023–2045) Location 2022 All Jobs (LEHD)1 2023 Covered Emp. (ESD)2 2023 All Jobs (+15%)3 2020 HU (HAPT)4 Existing J/H5 2020-45 HU Growth (HAPT) 4 2023-45 Est. Job Growth6 2045 Est. Jobs City of Port Townsend (Incorporated) 3,662 4,387 5,045 5,692 0.89 1,648 1,461 6,506 Jefferson County (Unincorporated) 3,824 4,581 5,268 11,159 — 2,471 2,229 7,497 County UGA Areas (Unincorporated) 1,1082 1,327 1,526 1,411 1.08 1,648 1,783 3,309 Rural 2,716 3,254 3,742 9,748 — 823 446 4,188 Port Ludlow MPR 2362 283 325 1,950 0.17 300 50 375 Pleasant Harbor MPR7 — — — — — 127 208 208 Brinnon RVC 952 114 131 1,041 0.13 30 4 135 Quilcene RVC 2012 241 277 299 0.93 30 28 305 Other Rural Areas 2,184 2,616 3,009 6,458 0.47 336 157 3,165 Countywide Total 7,4862 8,968 10,313 16,851 — 4,119 3,689 14,003 108 ESD Covered Employment Estimates, 2023. 109 ESD and PSRC, 2017. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 380 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 1 All jobs based on U.S. Census OnTheMap (2022 LEHD) estimates for the City of Port Townsend, Jefferson County overall, and the Port Hadlock-Irondale, Port Ludlow, Brinnon, and Quilcene Census Designated Places (CDP). Note the CDP boundaries are slightly larger than the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, Port Ludlow MPR, and Brinnon and Quilcene RVCs but used here for estimation purposes. Total unincorporated jobs were calculated based on the countywide and City of Port Townsend totals. The unincorporated rural total was calculated based on the unincorporated total and Port Hadlock- Irondale CDP estimate. 2 Individual geographies estimated based on percent share of all 2022 jobs per LEHD and 2023 total countywide covered employment of 8,968 per ESD. 3 Fifteen percent (15%) added to covered employment to estimate total 2023 jobs. 4 See Exhibit 3-2 and Exhibit 3-12 in the Housing Element. 5 Existing jobs to housing is calculated by dividing estimated 2023 jobs by estimated 2020 housing units. 6 Estimated job growth is calculated by multiplying the existing jobs to housing balance for the City of Port Townsend, the unincorporated area of the Port Townsend UGA, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, the Port Ludlow MPR, the Brinnon and Quilcene RVCs, and other rural areas by estimated housing growth from the HAPT. The Pleasant Harbor Development Agreement assumes between 104–208 workers will live on site in staff housing once fully developed so 208 jobs are assumed. Estimated job growth in all unincorporated rural areas is the sum of individual rural planning areas. Estimated job growth in all unincorporated areas is the sum of the unincorporated UGA and unincorporated rural areas. Estimate job growth countywide is the sum of estimated job growth in Port Townsend and the unincorporated portions of the county. 7 The Pleasant Harbor MPR has not yet been developed and so no existing jobs or housing are assumed. The Pleasant Harbor Development Agreement assumes between 104–208 workers will live on site in staff housing. Sources: LEHD, Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, 2022; ESD Covered Employment Estimates, 2023; ESD and PSRC, 2017; Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. The economic development plan leverages the strengths of the county to support a strong and diversified economy with continued employment growth. Key opportunities and sites are listed below. Workforce Development Opportunities exist to both increase and better align educational resources and training programs with industry. This will ensure access to a high-skilled workforce for regional businesses and to higher wage jobs for county residents. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 381 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Industrial & Manufacturing Businesses A key strength and opportunity area is the availability of designated industrial and manufacturing sites that can both serve small, local entrepreneurs and potential advanced manufacturing businesses. In addition to the availability of sites suitable for industrial or manufacturing uses, the county’s highly-educated workforce is an asset for emerging manufacturing uses that require higher-skilled workers. Industrial sites in Jefferson County include the Port of Port Townsend, Port Townsend Industrial Park (which has become a commercial and business park), Glen Cove, Eastview, Quilcene Industrial Area, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, the Port Townsend Paper Company, 24 acres at a Light Industrial/Manufacturing area at the Jefferson County International Airport, and Resource Based Industrial zoned sites. In addition to the industrial sites described above, the light industrial manufacturing park at the Jefferson County International Airport, also known as the Airport Light Industrial Park also allows non-aviation related industrial and manufacturing uses. Development of the Airport Light Industrial Park will require Binding Site Plan approval(s) and clearing and installation of infrastructure before business operations may commence. Information about designation and siting of Industrial Land Banks or new Major Industrial Developments can be found in the Land Use Element. Placemaking for Visitors & Residents In addition to its natural and scenic assets, the distinct City of Port Townsend Downtown and small-scale neighborhood business districts in the county are a place-making feature that attracts visitors and serves the local community. Commercial development in Jefferson County is mainly concentrated within the City of Port Townsend, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, and to a lesser extent, within the county’s LAMIRDs, which includes Beaver Valley, Brinnon, Chimacum, Discovery Bay, Gardiner, Four Corners, Mats Mats, Nordland, Quilcene, and Wawa Point. The Port Ludlow and Pleasant Harbor MPRs also have parcels zoned for commercial development. Home businesses, cottage industries, and small-scale tourist and recreational uses are also allowed in most non-commercial zones with a permit. Downtown Port Townsend, BERK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 382 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Sustainable, Innovative Agricultural & Food Businesses Given its historic and environmental strengths, the county has a small but growing set of businesses related to farming and related food production such as grains, eggs, cheese, and spirits. In addition, aquaculture continues to be a key industry. Local economic policy can support this sector so that it continues to add diversity and entrepreneurial opportunities to the economy. The state implemented Initiative 502—the legalization of recreational cannabis production, processing and sales. In 2024, Jefferson County sales generated approximately $2,224,000 in state excise tax from cannabis sales, and the county received only $64,123 of that amount for local enforcement and health programs.110 Infrastructure Improvements as Economic Development Strategy Investments in infrastructure can be a powerful way to attract high- quality jobs and entrepreneurs. For rural counties such as Jefferson County, investments in infrastructure such as broadband can address multiple objectives such as the provision of healthcare services or education, support tourism and attract a younger, more mobile workforce. In addition to broadband, some parts of the county will also benefit from sewer infrastructure. For example, the primary growth center for unincorporated Jefferson County, the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA requires sewer to implement new zoning urban level zoning and density. The PHUGA Sewer System began operation on September 9, 2025. The Port Hadlock UGA will be able to support new affordable housing, medical facilities, higher density multifamily residences, and senior housing as well as commercial and industrial development, within areas where the PHUGA Sewer System is available, as defined in JCC 13.02.010., namely within 200 feet of an existing sewer collection line via public rights-of-way, utility easements or some other route at the discretion of the Public Works Director. This will facilitate further economic development as almost one-quarter of the UGA is designated for commercial land use, including a commercial zone as the largest with 110 Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board Fiscal Year Cannabis Sales and Excise Tax by County, retail sales only from 07/01/2023 - 06/30/2024. Jefferson County Treasurer’s December 2024 Revenue Report, January 2025. Chimacum Corner Farm Stand, Jefferson County ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 383 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 272 acres. The UGA-C zone also allows multifamily with 3+ units as a discretionary use to balance economic development and housing goals in the UGA (see the Land Use Element and Housing Element for more information). Approximately 25 acres is designated as Urban Light Industrial (all but 5 acres of which are already in light industrial use). Within LAMIRDs, development is constrained by the cost of utility and infrastructure upgrades as well as by existing LAMIRD boundaries. Some wastewater treatment options are considered an urban LOS and are typically not allowed in LAMIRDs. Per WAC 365-196-425(4)(b), limited cases allow extension of sewer services only if it is necessary to protect basic public health and safety and the environment, is financially supportable at rural densities, and does not permit urban development. This limits wastewater improvements that would support job growth, existing commercial development, and improve existing housing stock. The Port of Port Townsend commissioned a preliminary feasibility study to estimate the cost of building a large on-site sewage system in Quilcene, estimated to cost between $6.5 million and $20 million.111 The service area examined was the entire Rural Village Center as well as the southern half of the center. The information will help the Quilcene community and Jefferson County consider wastewater service options and rural economic development goals. The estimated costs identified in the feasibility study demonstrates the challenges of providing infrastructure for Jefferson County and the small community of Quilcene. Efforts to provide wastewater treatment to Brinnon, another Rural Village Center, have not been comprehensively developed as of 2025. However, a wastewater plant was constructed for Dosewallips State Park in 2014. In cooperation with State Parks, Public Utility District (PUD) #1 of Jefferson County is investigating the feasibility of expanding the service area of the facility to address on-site sewage system issues in Brinnon. A wastewater treatment plant is required to serve the Pleasant Harbor MPR near the Brinnon Rural Village Center. Jefferson County Public Health conducts a Pollution Identification and Correction program throughout Eastern Jefferson County to identify sources of pollutants, including failing on-site sewage systems, to keep surface waters clean and shellfish beds open for harvest. A comprehensive strategy to address rural wastewater treatment could be a future action strategy. Water supply is critical in both rural and urban areas for rural economic development but presents a challenge to provide. For this reason, 111 Port of Port Townsend, 2017. Quilcene, BERK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 384 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 water utility coordinating committee (WUCC) members, including the Jefferson County PUD, the City of Port Townsend, Olympic Water and Sewer Inc., among others, are participating in a 2024-2026 county- administered update to the Coordinated Water System Plan (CWSP); see the Capital Facilities & Utilities Element and Appendix D Capital Facilities Plan Technical Document. Once completed, the WUCC would recommend that the Board adopt the updated 2025 or 2026 CWSP, which is also envisioned to provide guidance not only to group A systems which serve 15 or more connections but also group B water users which service 3 to 14 connections. Other infrastructure investments that benefit economic development include transportation improvements, especially regarding ferries. Updates to Washington State Ferry System plans are underway and will include local input. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 385 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 7.4 GOALS & POLICIES Goal ED-G-1 Improve and enhance coordination with federal, state, regional, tribal and local economic development groups to promote a healthy and vibrant economic environment within Jefferson County. ▶ Policy ED-P-1.1 Adequately fund Jefferson County’s designated Associate Development Organization (ADO)—“EDC Team Jefferson”—and establish specific responsibilities and performance measures for the ADO to ensure that taxpayers obtain good value for their investment. ▶ Support the ADO in providing access to business management expertise for new and growing businesses (Joint Economic Development Strategy (JEDS) Strategies 1.6 & 1.9). ▶ Support collaborative work between economic development partners, including the Jefferson County Economic Development Council Team Jefferson (EDC Team Jefferson), the North Olympic Development Council (NODC), the City of Port Townsend, the Port of Port Townsend and other public and private partners in efforts to plan for, promote, educate, train attract, build and maintain businesses and economic development in Jefferson County. Strategy 1.6: Adequately fund the designated Associate Development Organization (ADO), and establish specific responsibilities and performance measures for the ADO to ensure that taxpayers obtain good value for their investment. Strategy 1.9: Support the ADO in providing access to business management expertise for new and growing businesses. Joint Economic Development Strategies 1.6 & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 386 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy ED-P-1.2 Investigate and/or pursue programs, grant funds, and other technical and financial support with federal, state, and local agencies to collectively plan, develop and implement economic growth in high demand sectors of the local economy. ▶ Policy ED-P-1.3 Consult with NODC and area tribal governments regarding shared economic development planning and implementation and discuss solutions to shared issues concerning economic development and unemployment. ▶ Policy ED-P-1.4 Coordinate with other economic development entities and related community groups and individuals in Jefferson County to prepare strategies that promote economic development opportunities in existing commuter and tourist highway corridors and non-motorized facilities and multi-purpose trails. Land use and zoning strategies may include a highway-tourist-commercial zone or other techniques consistent with rural character. ▶ Policy ED-P-1.5 Pursue additional ways to actively involve smaller, local businesses as well as underrepresented or marginalized communities in economic development planning to improve equitable access to opportunity and decision-making processes. Goal ED-G-2 Support a comprehensive approach to education and workforce development that prepares all residents— including youth, BIPOC, LGBTQ+, rural, and people with disabilities—for employment, job retention, and advancement. ▶ Policy ED-P-2.1 Support and actively participate in Olympic Workforce Development Council (OWDC) as they facilitate a full spectrum of education and job skills providers to coordinate class offerings, facilities, and staff resources available to Jefferson County residents (teenagers, adults, displaced workers, veterans, retirees, etc.) who seek high school degrees, general education degrees, remedial education, vocational training and retraining, skills or knowledge enhancement, professional certification, two-year degrees, four-year degrees, and advanced degrees. ▶ Policy ED-P-2.2 Partner with local businesses, educational institutions, and business groups to maintain and improve job creation and business growth in the community and expand access to internships, apprenticeships, paid work experience, and job training in both traditional and emerging fields. In 2024, Jefferson County along with Clallam County and five sovereign tribes applied for and received funding from the Economic Development Administration under the Recompete program to help create and connect people in the county to good jobs. The North Olympic Peninsula Recompete Plan included $35 million in funding to revitalize the natural resources industries in the North Olympic Peninsula through supply chain infrastructure, scaling of innovative forest manufacturing, and various economic development initiatives to support workers and connect residents to good jobs in the natural resources industry. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 387 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy ED-P-2.3 Coordinate strategies to minimize the impacts of business displacement resulting from growth pressures, especially those potentially impacted businesses serving BIPOC and historically marginalized communities in the county. ▶ Policy ED-P-2.4 Coordinate support for culturally diverse businesses that are experiencing challenges with remaining in the community and are at risk of displacement. Goal ED-G-3 Support Jefferson County’s industries that leverage existing strengths, advantages, and potential in the following areas: — Health care; — Port related economic development; — Marine trades; — Natural resources; — Advanced technology/manufacturing; — Construction and real estate; — Agriculture/aquaculture; — Education; — Home-based business; — Tourism and retail in centers and corridors; and — Local and Native arts. ▶ Policy ED-P-3.1 Support the efforts of the Port of Port Townsend in diversifying the Jefferson County International Airport (JCIA) to provide for a broader number of trades, manufacturing, and services. This may include, but is not limited to, the siting of appropriately scaled aviation and non-aviation-related industrial/manufacturing activities in the Airport Essential Public Facilities District. ▶ Policy ED-P-3.2 Recognize the legislative authority of the Port of Port Townsend as a valuable tool to implement industry, trade strategies, and promote employment opportunities. ▶ Policy ED-P-3.3 Protect from encroachment the Port of Port Townsend’s industrial properties, waterfront and all other public assets managed by the Port to ensure and enhance economic vitality and quality of life for the residents of Jefferson County. ▶ Policy ED-P-3.4 Provide funding mechanisms to support the purchase of local, healthy food for lower income households. Related to western Jefferson County From the Collection of the Jefferson County Historical Society ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 388 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy ED-P-3.5 Support broadband or other technology infrastructure that fosters home-based businesses and online provision of services, (e.g., telecommuting, telemedicine etc.). ▶ Policy ED-P-3.6 Protect future opportunities for planning Industrial Land Banks and Major Industrial Developments by keeping development regulations current and effective for these land uses. ▶ Policy ED-P-3.7 Encourage expansion of existing employers and attraction of new employers that pay wages that can support households of all sizes Goal ED-G-4 Work in partnership with public and private economic development interests to identify and eliminate barriers to equitable business and employment growth and consider flexible and inclusive regulations that incentivize, encourage, and facilitate innovative and equitable economic opportunities within the county. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.1 Continue to work with state, federal, and local agencies to coordinate and streamline land use review procedures and processes, while ensuring a proper balance between expeditious review and protecting the public interest. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.2 Continue to work towards internal efficiencies in the application of development regulations. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.3 Periodically review and update, if necessary, land-use and permitting procedures to assure that regulatory processes are understandable, predictable, and timely. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.4 Continue to work with the City of Port Townsend, the Port of Port Townsend, the Jefferson County PUD, economic stakeholders and economic development agencies regarding capital facilities and land use in the Glen Cove Industrial District. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.5 Amplify Jefferson County’s strengths in tourism, recreation, and retail through rural employment opportunities in centers and corridors and through development and enhancement of non-motorized facilities. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.6 Encourage or develop programs to support minority- owned businesses or worker cooperatives. Related to western Jefferson County Examples of existing cooperatives include Jefferson Timber Cooperative, Port Townsend Shipwrights Co-op, and Peninsula Homecare Cooperative. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 389 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy ED-P-4.7 Coordinate with state, federal, and local agencies to fund worker cooperatives and alternative business ownership models to promote economic inclusion for BIPOC and other historically marginalized communities. ▶ Policy ED-P-4.8 Incorporate flexible, inclusive economic policies and regulations that support small businesses, youth-run enterprises, culturally relevant services, and businesses that reflect the needs of marginalized communities, including LGBTQ+ and rural youth. Goal ED-G-5 Support the development of tourist and tourist-related activities as a source of employment and business opportunities in Jefferson County. ▶ Policy ED-P-5.1 Provide infrastructure for tourist services that promote agricultural, experiential, and educational tourism, eco- tourism, and native and cultural tourism as well as recreational tourism with revenue generated from the lodging tax. ▶ Policy ED-P-5.2 Encourage efforts to preserve scenic open space, historic and local cultural and tribal resources that attract both local residents and visitors. ▶ Policy ED-P-5.3 Encourage the development of small businesses, services, cultural attractions, recreational opportunities, and special events that capture and support tourism. Identify wider uses for these small businesses to also furnish goods and services, such as locally grown food, and value-added products to the traveling public and local population. Goal ED-G-6 Encourage economic development that sustains natural resources and open spaces, protects environmental quality, encourages non-motorized recreation and transportation, and enhances Jefferson County’s overall quality of life. ▶ Policy ED-P-6.1 Recognize the economic strengths and opportunities that come from the appeal of Jefferson County’s surroundings, and preserve our quality of life as an economic development asset. ▶ Policy ED-P-6.2 Develop and update land use policies that conserve working resource lands and provide sustainable employment opportunities. Related to western Jefferson County ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 390 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy ED-P-6.3 Encourage “working water-front” small-scale marine trade activities in Port Hadlock, Port Ludlow, Nordland, and Quilcene. ▶ Policy ED-P-6.4 Expand local food security and the food-related economy to address climate impacts and increase access to healthy, affordable, and climate-friendly foods, especially for underserved communities. ▶ Policy ED-P-6.5 Promote green jobs or businesses that provide eco- friendly products or services. ▶ Policy ED-P-6.6 Partner with local economic development organizations, non-profits, community organizations, and businesses to develop innovative sustainable employment opportunities in the county ▶ Policy ED-P-6.7 Promote and implement connections between recreational and cultural activities and local businesses to support economic activity and quality of life. Goal ED-G-7 Coordinate the development of infrastructure that is adequate to attract and accommodate the diversified economy centers of Jefferson County, consistent with the requirements of the Growth Management Act. ▶ Policy ED-P-7.1 Support and coordinate efforts of infrastructure service providers, and economic stakeholders in identifying and meeting infrastructure needs of the diversified economic centers where commercial and industrial development is appropriate ▶ Policy ED-P-7.2 Through emergency or disaster preparedness networks such as Jefferson County Regional Emergency Preparedness Network (JPREP), promote infrastructure, including storage, for a local food system capable of supporting the population of Jefferson County without diminishing the long-term carrying capacity of the county’s natural resources. ▶ Policy ED-P-7.3 Work on obtaining funding for the expansion of the PHUGA Sewer System, and investigate alternatives and opportunities for wastewater treatment systems to serve the needs of Brinnon and Quilcene. Port Townsend Wharf, Carolyn Gallaway Green jobs that promote sustainability and eco-friendly products or services can have multiple benefits to the local economy. For example, wildfire prevention efforts support the sustainable forestry and tree service sector. Tree processing adds value-added manufacturing to the local Jefferson County economy. More information on economic commercial and industrial centers can be found in the Land Use Element (see Exhibit 1-22 and Exhibit 1-24). ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 391 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal ED-G-8 Ensure responsive, fair, and efficient permit processing. ▶ Policy ED-P-8.1 Develop and maintain development regulations and internal policies that ensure that development applications are processed in a timely, fair, and predictable manner. ▶ Policy ED-P-8.2 Ensure that permit review and requests for additional information are fair, consistent and balanced with the needs of the applicant and the public interest at large. 7.5 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 7-10 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Economic Development Element over the next ten years (prior to the next periodic update), several in partnership with other entities: Exhibit 7-10 Economic Development Action Plan Action Description Workforce Development Align education resources and current and target industries. Through the Olympic Workforce Development Council, connect businesses and local employers with the North Olympic Development Council (NODC) local school districts, colleges, and other educators to co-design training and re-skilling programs. Introduce educators, high school counselors and students to experiential education settings for agriculture, advanced manufacturing, maritime and marine trades, and related career paths. Diversify & Strengthen Industries Support current and target industries that leverage existing strengths Develop a long-term strategy for the Glen Cove Light Industrial Area addressing diversity of businesses, zoning designations, and intensification of uses, in collaboration with the City of Port Townsend, the Port of Port Townsend, and economic development stakeholders and agencies. If requested, consider rezoning the Port of Port Townsend’s Quilcene Marina, currently residentially zoned property, to a public facility zoning category. Support storage and processing facilities to increase food production, add value to agricultural products, and reduce agricultural waste by both augmenting on-farm capabilities and fostering larger collaborative facilities. Placemaking for Visitors & Residents ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 392 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Strengthen branding for Jefferson County communities as a tourist destination. Continue to support collaboration and partnership of the Tourism Coordinating Council with the Olympic Peninsula Tourism Commission and local communities and agencies. Partner with Team Jefferson and other local partners to create a strategic marketing plan that highlights the assets of different communities. Infrastructure Improvements Make investments in infrastructure to attract and retain industries. Support the provision of high-quality, reliable broadband to support industries, service provision and increase quality of life. Secure additional funds and financing to expand the PHUGA Sewer System. Address needs for improved wastewater treatment in Brinnon and Quilcene. Develop opportunities to open new dialogue regarding LAMIRDs and how the GMA can be amended to better serve rural communities with the appropriate level of needed infrastructure. Advocate for enhanced ferry service to support tourism and other sectors. Study New Economic Opportunities Conduct a cooperative study into zoning for economic development in transportation corridors. Coordinate with economic development groups to study business and economic development opportunities in highway and tourist corridors. The study may consider highway and tourist commercial development zoning to promote economic development. The study may consider the following: assessing how to promote job growth and economic development along highway and tourist corridors while maintaining rural character and guarding against sprawl; access to the site for workers, tourists, and other visitors; maintaining scenic views; non-motorized transportation and recreation opportunities;, safety design for commuters, visitors freight movement, trucks, cars, and pedestrians; node connectivity, and other topics of interest to economic development and community groups. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 393 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 394 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 8 Capital Facilities & Utilities 8.1 PURPOSE This Element addresses three essential components of this Comprehensive Plan that supports the community today and the future growth expected by 2045: ▶ Capital Facilities. This element and the Capital Facilities Technical Appendix D address requirements in RCW 36.70A.070(3) and WAC 365-196-415 to provide an inventory, forecast of needs, and plan addressing: water systems, sanitary sewer systems, stormwater facilities, reclaimed water facilities, schools, parks, and recreational facilities, police, and fire protection facilities. ▶ Essential Public Facilities. Essential public facilities are typically those difficult to site, such as airports, state education facilities, state or regional transportation facilities, state and local correctional facilities, solid waste handling facilities, and others identified in RCW 36.70A.200. Jefferson County This element supports the Vision Statement by ensuring services and infrastructure are available to advance the quality of life for residents, including encouraging innovation in green infrastructure such as low impact development, access to education, adequate public safety services, and advanced utility networks for residents and businesses. Priorities also support mobility and access to community services for active and healthy living. Connection to the Vision Statement CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 395 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Utilities. The Utilities component addresses the location, capacity, and proposals for utilities, including, but not limited to, electrical lines and telecommunication lines per RCW 36.70A.070(4) and WAC 365-196-420. There is no natural gas service in the county. The Technical Appendices portion of this Comprehensive Plan provides additional supporting details to this element, especially Appendix D, Capital Facility Plan Technical Document. 8.2 CAPITAL FACILITIES Overview The Capital Facilities section ensures that adequate facilities are available to serve existing residents and businesses and future growth as outlined in the Land Use Element. According to WAC 365-196-415(2)(a)(ii), the inventory and analysis of capital facilities must include, at a minimum, water systems, sewer systems, stormwater systems, schools, parks and recreation facilities, police facilities, and fire facilities. Note that utilities (electricity and telecommunications) are addressed in Section 8.4. This Element and the Capital Facility Plan Technical Appendix D addresses the capital facilities and services listed in Exhibit 8-1. The Guiding Plans of service providers, as amended, support this Element. Exhibit 8-1 Capital Facilities and Public Services Provided Services Providers Serving Unincorporated Areas Guiding Plans Law Enforcement Jefferson County Sheriff Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office Strategic Plan, Comprehensive Version, 2018 Parks and Recreation Jefferson County Jefferson County Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan Update, 2022; Jefferson County Parks and Recreation, Department of Public Works Public Administration Jefferson County Jefferson County Strategic Plan 2024-2028, County Administrator’s Office Individual operations plans for community centers, maintenance facilities, and animal control facilities CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 396 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Sewer City of Port Townsend (serving unincorporated portions of the Port Townsend UGA) Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA – Jefferson County Port Ludlow – Olympic Water and Sewer City of Port Townsend General Sewer Plan, 2024 Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan Update, 2021; Title 13 JCC, division 1 (PHUGA Sewer Code) Olympic Water and Sewer, Inc. Water System Plan Update, DRAFT issued February 2024; Olympic Water and Sewer Customer Confidence Reports 2023; Washington Department of Health Water Use, Efficiency 2023 Solid Waste Jefferson County Jefferson County, Solid Waste Management Plan, September 2016 Stormwater Jefferson County Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Stormwater Management Plan, May 2004 Jefferson County Surface Water Management Plan, November 2006 Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, July 2024 Transportation Jefferson County Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization Jefferson Transit Authority Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Transportation Plan, May 2004 Quimper Peninsula Travel Demand Model, October 2008 Non-Motorized and Recreational Trails Plan, 2010 Quimper Peninsula Transportation Study, January 2012 Peninsula RTPO Regional Transportation Plan Jefferson County Public Works Transportation Improvement Plan, 2025- 2030 Jefferson Transit Authority, 2022 Long Range Plan and Transit Development Plan 2024- 2029 Education Brinnon School District No. 46 Chimacum School District No. 49 Port Townsend School District No. 50 Queets-Clearwater School District No. 20 Quilcene School District No. 48 Quilayute Valley School District No. 402 Sequim School District No. 323 Jefferson County Rural Library District Individual operational plans CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 397 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Fire Protection & Emergency Medical Jefferson County Fire Protect District No. 1 – East Jefferson Fire & Rescue Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 2 – Quilcene Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 4 – Brinnon Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 5 – Discovery Bay - Gardiner Jefferson County Fire District No. 7 – Clearwater-Queets Jefferson County Public Hospital District No. 2 Individual operational plans Water Port Townsend Jefferson County Water District No. 1 – Paradise Bay Jefferson County Water District No. 2 – Brinnon Jefferson County Water District No. 3 – Coyle Port Ludlow Drainage District Port of Port Townsend Public Utility District No. 1 of Jefferson County Jefferson County Coordinated Water System Plan, June 1997 [update in progress] Jefferson County Public Utility District No. 1 Water System Plan, 2021 City of Port Townsend Water System Plan, 2019 Source: Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. For each service, a summary of the conditions, LOS and demand, planning level revenue sources, and planned facilities are provided in the Capital Facilities Technical Appendix D. LOS are policy commitments to provide facilities and services within available revenue resources and are also included in the Capital Facilities policies in Section 8.6. In conjunction with its budget, the county may revise this Element, as needed, to add new projects needed to accommodate changing development circumstances, remove projects that have been built, and to reevaluate projects remaining in the inventory. Countywide Planning Policies The CPPs include many provisions that link the Capital Facility Plan to support for the land use plan and particularly the role of such facilities in supporting the growth in urban growth areas (UGAs). Exhibit 8-2 Relationship of Capital Facilities Plan to CPP Countywide Planning Policy Summary & Relationship to Capital Facility Plan CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 398 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Implement RCW 36.70A.110 Urban Growth Areas (UGAs) Use Jefferson County-City of Port Townsend population forecasts to prepare capital facilities plans. Base designation and expansion of UGAs on the capacity to provide public capital facilities at adopted levels of service. Promotion of contiguous and orderly development and provision of urban services Condition urban development to meet adopted levels of service and contribute its proportionate share towards provision of those facilities. Do not extend urban public facilities beyond UGA boundaries (a requirement of the GMA). Joint County and City of Port Townsend planning within UGAs Coordinate Jefferson County and City of Port Townsend plans for provision of countywide capital facilities for public safety, transportation, solid waste, storm water management, and utilities. Siting public facilities and transportation facilities of County or Statewide significance Do not extend urban public facilities to essential public facilities sited outside of UGAs. Countywide transportation facilities and strategies Guides development of the county’s Six-Year Transportation Improvement Plan. Requires development of Levels of Service. Countywide economic development and employment Coordinate Economic Development Plan with the Capital Facilities Element. Rural Areas Include public facilities necessary to support the land use within rural centers. Fiscal impact analysis Conduct a fiscal impact analysis to ensure that the projected cost of public capital facilities can be reasonably supported. Summary of Trends & Opportunities Please see the Capital Facility Plan Technical Appendix D. Generally, County-owned capital facilities can be maintained at a level of service that requires limited additional facilities as the county grows, Exceptions are law and justice courtroom facilities, parks and recreation, solid waste, and transportation, where growth would require some additional capacity projects over time. See also the Climate Element for policies regarding placement of facilities with consideration of existing climate change mapping and data. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 399 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 8.3 ESSENTIAL PUBLIC FACILITIES Overview Essential public facilities include those facilities considered difficult to site because of potential adverse impacts related to size, bulk, hazardous characteristics, noise, or public health and safety. CPP#4 stipulates that the county and its UGAs must identify appropriate land for public facilities that meets the needs of the community such as airports, state education facilities and state or regional transportation facilities, regional transit authority facilities, state and local correctional facilities, solid waste handling facilities, opioid treatment programs including both mobile and fixed-site medication units, recovery residences, harm reduction programs excluding safe injection sites, and inpatient facilities (including substance use disorder treatment facilities, mental health facilities, and group homes), community facilities, and secure community transition facilities. These facilities are difficult to site, serve regional or state requirements, or are part of a countywide service system. RCW 36.70A.200(1) provides clarification as to what constitutes an essential public facility: The comprehensive plan of each county and city that is planning under RCW 36.70A.040 shall include a process for identifying and siting essential public facilities. Essential public facilities include those facilities that are typically difficult to site, such as airports, state education facilities and state or regional transportation facilities as defined in RCW 47.06.140, regional transit authority facilities as defined in RCW 81.112.020, state and local correctional facilities, solid waste handling facilities, opioid treatment programs including both mobile and fixed-site medication units, recovery residences, harm reduction programs excluding safe injection sites, and inpatient facilities including substance abuse facilities, mental health facilities, group homes, and secure community transition facilities as defined in RCW 71.09.020. Implementing rules by the Washington State Department of Commerce at WAC 365-196-550(4)(b)(i) suggest a broad view of what is considered an essential public facility: When identifying essential public facilities, counties and cities should take a broad view of what constitutes a public facility, CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 400 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 involving the full range of services to the public provided by the government, substantially funded by the government, contracted for by the government, or provided by private entities subject to public service obligations. The Office of Financial Management (OFM) maintains a list of those essential state public facilities that are required or likely to be built within the next six years. The OFM may at any time add facilities to the list. (RCW 36.70a.200(4)). In addition to the list maintained by OFM, Jefferson County may identify other additional public facilities that are essential to providing services to residents and without which development cannot occur. Per the GMA, “[n]o local comprehensive plan or development regulation may preclude the siting of essential public facilities (RCW 36.70a.200(5)).” Essential Public Facilities & Public Purpose Lands Confusion often arises as to the distinction between lands identified for public purposes and those identified for essential public facilities. Essential public facilities can be thought of as a subset of public purpose lands. The table below illustrates this distinction. Exhibit 8-3 Distinguishing Public Purpose Lands from Essential Public Facilities Public Purpose Lands Essential Public Facilities FOCUS: Lands needed to accommodate public facilities. Lands needed to provide the full range of services to the public provided by government, substantially funded by government, contracted for by government, or provided by private entities to public service obligations. Examples: Utility Corridors Transportation Corridors Sewage Treatment Facilities Stormwater Management Facilities Recreation Facilities Schools Other Public Uses FOCUS: Facilities needed to provide public services and functions that are typically difficult to site. Those public facilities that are usually unwanted by neighborhoods, have unusual site requirements, or other features that complicate the siting process. Examples: Airports Large-scale Transportation Facilities State Educational Facilities Correctional Facilities Solid Waste Handling Facilities & Landfills Opioid Treatment Programs (both mobile and fixed-site medication units), Recovery Residences, and Harm Reduction Programs Inpatient Facilities (Substance Abuse Facilities, Mental Health Facilities & Group Homes). Source: Jefferson County, 2025. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 401 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Many of the facilities identified in the table above as being “public facilities” located on public purpose lands are dealt with in other sections of this Comprehensive Plan. The facilities in the column on the right of the table are typical essential public facilities and are addressed in this section. Essential Public Facility Designations in Jefferson County Two facilities are designated as essential public facilities in Jefferson County, with the County Waste Management Essential Public Facility and Airport Essential Public Facility having unique zoning districts: ▶ County Waste Management Essential Public Facility (CWMEPF): This district addresses facilities needed to provide waste management public services and functions. This district currently applies to the county’s Jacob Miller Solid Waste Facilities at 325 County Landfill Road near the City of Port Townsend and it is likely that a new location will be determined to better meet long-range service demand on the facility. Policy CF-P-7.8 addresses long- range planning for the contingency that Jefferson County may need to plan for a local landfill to respond to global, national, or regional waste management changes. Refer to Jefferson County’s Solid Waste Management Plan as the source for current details. ▶ Airport Essential Public Facility (AEPF): This land use district consists of land owned by the Port of Port Townsend that directly and indirectly supports operations of the Jefferson County International Airport (JCIA) as an essential public facility. See additional information regarding Light Industrial/Manufacturing Overlay in the Land Use Element. It is intended to promote compatible land uses and the long-term economic viability of the JCIA consistent with County goals regarding essential public facilities, the preservation of rural character, and economic development. For each facility, there is a management plan: ▶ Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan, September 2016 ▶ Jefferson County International Airport Master Plan Update, Reid Middleton and Barnard Dunkelberg Company, Final Report, July 2014 (update is in progress with completion anticipated in 2026) These plans address conditions, operations, facilities, future improvements, and measures to improve compatibility with other uses. As a system plan, the Solid Waste Management Plan also includes a reference to a Master Plan (under development; see page 7-8 Alternative B) and siting criteria for new facilities. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 402 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Countywide Planning Policies The adopted CPPs require the county to develop a cooperative and structured process, including public involvement at an early stage, to consider the siting of public facilities of a regional, state-wide, or federal nature. Solid waste disposal, correctional, transportation, education, or human service facilities, or any other locally unpopular land uses are examples of those facilities. Any new facilities or major expansions of existing facilities must conform to these locally defined siting procedures described in the strategies section. A legislative (Type V) special use permit process for siting essential public facilities is outlined in Chapter 18.40 JCC. Countywide Planning Policy #4 outlines the county’s approach to the siting of public capital and transportation facilities, including policies on essential public facilities: ▶ The County and incorporated UGAs will jointly develop specific criteria for identifying and siting essential public facilities. The proposed criteria will be considered in the drafting of comprehensive plan policy addressing this issue. Elements of siting criteria should include, but not be limited to the following: — proximity to major transportation routes and essential infrastructure. — land use compatibility with surrounding area. — potential environmental impacts. — effects on resource and critical areas. — proximity to UGA. — public costs and benefits including operation and maintenance. — current capacity and location of equivalent facilities. — the existence, within the community, of reasonable alternatives to the proposed activity. ▶ Comprehensive plans and development regulations will not preclude the siting of essential public facilities; however, standards may be generated to ensure that reasonable compatibility with other land uses can be achieved. ▶ Essential public facilities sited outside of UGAs should be self- supporting and not require the extension, construction, or maintenance of urban services and facilities unless no practicable alternative exists. Criteria will be established that address the provision of services when siting an essential public facility. Essential public facilities shall not be located in resource lands or critical areas if incompatible. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 403 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Summary of Trends & Opportunities The county’s Solid Waste Management Plan 112 (2016) proposes approaches to reducing waste and promoting reuse and composting to benefit the environment and local economy by creating local jobs and allowing residents to stretch budgets, as well as the long-term management of the solid waste system. The JCIA has developed a Master Plan as of 2014 and together with the county can help implement preferred aviation and allowable non- aviation uses to advance the county’s economy. The plan also includes recommendations regarding land use restrictions in general aviation areas and other land use matters. 8.4 UTILITIES Electric Utilities Providers JPUD provides electricity to over 90% of the residents of unincorporated Jefferson County. JPUD acquired the assets from Puget Sound Energy on the 1st of April 2013. Their electrical services territory includes about 21,000 active electrical connections throughout Eastern Jefferson County, except for the Brinnon area, as of 2024.113 The JPUD serves the majority of residents in the county so is the focus of this electrical utility analysis. Mason County Public Utility District #3 is a public utility district that provides electricity to 1,700 residents of the southeastern portion of Jefferson County in the Brinnon area. The Grays Harbor County Public Utility District #1 is a public utility district that provides electricity to 200 residents of the southwestern 112 Jefferson County Public Works, 2016. 113 As of 2024, JPUD had 23,822 total services in place, including 2,716 idle services. JPUD 2024 Rural Utilities Service Form 7 (Financial and Operating Report Electric Distribution report to USDA), 2024; JPUD Customer Count Tracking Dashboard, accessed April 2025. Jefferson County CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 404 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 portion of Jefferson County in the Queets/Clearwater and Quinault areas.114 The Clallam County Public Utility District #1 is a public utility district that provides electricity to 200 residents of the northwestern portion of Jefferson County in the Hoh River area.115 Duty to Serve Washington State's mandated "duty of service" requires electrical utilities to furnish and supply service and facilities that are safe, adequate, efficient, and in all respects, just and reasonable. The JPUD Board of Commissioners applies this standard by reviewing and approving the terms and conditions under which electrical service is provided. These terms and conditions relate to both the cost and levels of service. A key principle underlying this regulatory structure is that utility facilities must be provided on a uniform basis to all customers and equitably recovered through uniform rates. Regulatory law therefore prohibits JPUD from differentiating among jurisdictions as to the cost or levels of service. JPUD Inventory Service Area and Communities: The JPUD electrical system serving eastern Jefferson County is geographically bounded in general by the Admiralty Inlet to the north, Puget Sound to the east, Hood Canal to the south, and the Olympic National Forest to the west. The JPUD planning subarea for Jefferson County contains approximately 250 square miles and includes the communities (from south to north) of Quilcene, Port Ludlow, Chimacum, Port Hadlock, Gardiner, Nordland, and the Port Townsend UGA. It also extends from the tip of Coyle Peninsula to the end of Sequim Bay. There is a wide range of service demand intensities, from undeveloped areas with no demand to areas of high demand commercial customers. Equipment and Facilities: The JPUD owns and operates 9 substations and 34 miles of transmission lines. As of February 2025, there are 1,315 total miles of distribution line, 785 total miles of underground line, 530 114 Personal Communication, M.Warner, Grays Harbor PUD, 2025. 115 Personal Communication, N.Hartman and S. Shere, Clallam County PUD, 2025. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 405 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 total miles of overhead line, 1,000 streetlights, more than 10,000 distribution poles, and nearly 8,000 transformers.116 In addition, JPUD facilities include its headquarters at 310 Four Corners Road south of the City of Port Townsend, WA. In 2022 and 2024, JPUD purchased two collocated buildings at 191 Otto Street and 193 Otto Street to provide office space for its 76 employees. Its employee count is expected to grow to 100 employees before 2030.117 In 2022, JPUD commenced a service area meter replacement to an advanced meter infrastructure type, exchanging approximately 20,000 meters. As of January 2025, this project is nearly complete with 300 meters remaining to be upgraded.118 Generation: There are no JPUD generation facilities within Jefferson County other than small capacity generation at the Port of Port Townsend. Only the utility transmission network and distribution substations support the JPUD service area. Transmission Network: JPUD purchases and uses Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) for its generation and transmission requirements. The BPA network transports electricity from generation resources to transmission substations, and from transmission substations and switching stations, to distribution substations. Electrical utility service is supplied to Jefferson County by JPUD through the larger regional transmission grid (interconnected system of electric lines and associated equipment) at 500 kV (500,000 volts) and 230 kV (230,000 volts) voltages from distant generating plants along the mid-Columbia River. The region's transmission grid lines carry this power from the generation facilities westerly to the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Olympia Transmission Substation. From this point, a majority of the Olympic Peninsula, including JPUD's Jefferson County regional loads, are served to the north via the BPA Shelton Transmission Substation to the BPA Fairmount transmission substations. At the Fairmount transmission substation, the power is transformed down from 230 kV to 115 kV and 66kV for delivery to neighborhood distribution substations within the county. 116 JPUD 2024 Rural Utilities Service Form 7 (Financial and Operating Report Electric Distribution report to USDA), 2024; JPUD February 2025 Newsletter, 2025. 117 JPUD 2024 Combined Newsletters (June 2024 Newsletter), 2024. 118 JPUD February 2025 Newsletter, 2025. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 406 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Power transformed from 230 kV to 115 kV is provided by two transformers at the BPA Fairmount Transmission Substation. These voltages are used to serve specific Jefferson County distribution substations. BPA Power is also transformed from 230 kV to 115 kV at the JPUD’s Quilcene substation. Distribution Substations: Distribution substations within Jefferson County serve distribution feeder lines (circuits from a distribution substation to the customer, usually energized at 4, 12 or 34 kV). Distribution substations are located at Discovery Bay, Hastings Rd., Irondale, Kearney Street, Port Ludlow, and Quilcene. Current Usage: As of 2024, there were 21,106 active customer accounts including approximately 18,419 residential customers;119 average use is 12,000 kWh per customer per year, or 1,000 kWh per month. Per 0, most of JPUD’s electrical income comes from residential customers.120 Exhibit 8-4 JPUD Electrical Energy Usage by Customer Class (2021) 119 Residential customers account for approximately 87% of all customer accounts at JPUD per the 2021 Water, Sewer, and Electric Rate Study (Exhibit 3.19). JPUD 2024 Rural Utilities Service Form 7 (Financial and Operating Report Electric Distribution report to USDA), 2024 120 JPUD (FCS Group), 2021 Water, Sewer, and Electric Rate Study & Pole Attachment Fee Update. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 407 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: “Int. Schools” refers to “Interruptible Rate for Schools,” a term originating with Puget Sound Energy. Source: JPUD (FCS Group), Water, Sewer, and Electric Rate Study & Pole Attachment Fee Update (Exhibit 3.19), 2021. Electricity: Future Capacity Needs & Requirements Siting of New Facilities: As development occurs within Jefferson County, a proportionate increase in area electrical service demand and resulting service load is anticipated. Due to the service on demand requirements of this utility, it is important that the county and utility providers maintain open lines of communication regarding siting of new facilities. The timing of construction of new and/or expanded facilities will be driven by the rate of growth and the need to improve reliability in an area. Capacity of Electrical Utility Facilities: As the local transmission system is designed as an integral component of a regional power system, development occurring outside the county may have local impacts on system capacity. At the same time, growth in the county will contribute to the electrical service load of the regional power system and the potential need for systems facilities outside the county. Building codes and utility facility siting policies affect the service loads and the capacity to upgrade existing facilities. Future Capacity Needs: Per the Land Use Element, a population increase of 5,900 persons is expected countywide by 2045, with 5,675 in CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 408 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 JPUD’s service area (excludes the projected increase of 43 people in the Brinnon RVC and 182 people in the future Pleasant Harbor MPR in Brinnon; see the Land Use Element). Those customers would increase demand for electricity by about 24%. These population capacity needs are aligned with JPUD’s growth assumptions. The 2021 JPUD Rate Study assumes an annual residential customer growth of 0.98% per year, which would assume 22,605 total residential customers by 2045. This is slightly lower than the total residential customers identified in Exhibit 8-5. However, this growth would occur incrementally over the 20-year planning horizon and it is assumed that JPUD will account for growth in future rate and planning studies as it occurs. Exhibit 8-5 Estimated Residential Population Electricity Demand (2045) Custome rs kWh/yea r Annual kWh Shar e Current Residential Customers (Population) 18,419 12,000 221,030,474 76.5% Future Growth in JPUD Service Area (excluding Brinnon) 5,675 12,000 68,100,000 23.6% Total 24,094 289,130,474 100% Source: JPUD (FCS Group), Water, Sewer, and Electric Rate Study & Pole Attachment Fee Update 2021; BERK, 2025. In addition, there will be demand from commercial and industrial users. Energy Efficiency Program: JPUD has an energy efficiency program that includes incentives for conservation projects. Every two years, the Bonneville Power Administration provides JPUD with $900,000 in funding to distribute as rebates for energy efficiency upgrades for customers. This funding has helped 405 projects per year since 2019. 121 Energy efficiency programs and trends towards renewable energy can further reduce demand. Future Facilities Requirements: JPUD identified long-range capital projects in its 2023 budget cycle. These long-range capital projects look over a timeframe of 5-10 years and are reviewed every 2 years. The capital projects include two substation transformers and upgrades to substations in Chimacum, Port Ludlow and Quilcene. As development occurs, other investments in the distribution system may occur. 121 JPUD, The Energy Efficiency Puzzle, 2024. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 409 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Telecommunication Utilities Telecommunications Systems Types & Regulations Telecommunications include a wide range of rapidly expanding services, including conventional telephone service, personal wireless services, and video delivery systems. Due to the rapid advances in telecommunications technologies, the subsequent changes in transmission equipment and capabilities, and federal legislation encouraging future development, it is important that the county and telecommunications services providers maintain open lines of communication. The Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) regulates telecommunications utilities. Because of the Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996, it is anticipated that telecommunications services regulations will continue to be developed and refined. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates the telecommunications airwaves including radio frequency emissions standards, all antenna and dish structures used for telecommunications services, and is responsible for issuing licenses to operate wireless common carrier services (cellular telephone, personal communication services, mobile radio services, and other wireless common carriers). Local government involvement in regulation of the development of telecommunications services, particularly wireless common carriers, includes identifying systems facilities siting criteria and a permit review process on applications for the placement, construction, or modification of a wireless common carrier facility site. Local governments have been preempted by federal case law from regulating Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) covered facilities. The FAA reviews location and height of proposed towers to prevent interference with operations of airports and flight paths. The FAA regulates proposed towers that exceed 200 feet and smaller towers located within 20,000 feet of a major airport and 10,000 feet of general aviation airports. The FAA does not have the authority to deny a FCC construction permit, but it can cite a proposed tower as a hazard to navigation. Conventional Telephone CenturyLink (formerly QWest Communications International) provides the majority of conventional telephone service in the county. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 410 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 CenturyLink offers telecommunications services to 25 million customers in 14 western states. Telecommunications regulations require CenturyLink to provide adequate telecommunications services on demand. Cellular Service Cellular service is offered by several providers in the county. Cell towers are located throughout eastern Jefferson County. Facilities identified with potential leases include T-Mobile, Verizon, Cingular, and Monarch. Broadband Eastern Jefferson County JPUD has been operating a fiber network since 2013. In 2013, JPUD and Northwest Open Access Network (NoaNet) installed a fiber optic and wireless network, and the PUD now has approximately 50 miles of fiber built out across the county. However, due to limitations on PUDs providing wholesale access to their fiber network, few businesses and residents have access to JPUD’s fiber. From 2018-2021, JPUD completed a strategic plan focused on identifying locations for broadband infrastructure expansion in the county. Exhibit 8-6 lists a set of projects that JPUD identified for fiber optic expansion throughout Eastern Jefferson County. These projects will provide broadband to approximately 4,000 homes across Eastern Jefferson County. Funding sources for these projects include grants from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), USDA Rural Utilities Services, Washington State Broadband Office (WSBO), Jefferson County, the Public Works Board, loans, and customers. In funded project areas, JPUD is installing fiber optic cables to eligible residents and businesses. Exhibit 8-6 JPUD Broadband Expansion Projects (2025) Project Name Areas Funding Sources Est. Customer s Fibe r Mile s Est. Completi on Olympic Fiber Corridor Quilcene-Gardiner area, including Quilcene, Discovery Bay, Gardiner and parts of Chimacum and Central Valley. WSBO NTIA 856 240 May 2025 Inbetweens Fiber Project Parts of Quilcene, Discovery Bay, Gardiner, Chimacum WSBO 431 48 May 2025 CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 411 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Discovery Bay East Fiber Project Highway 20 corridor from Anderson Lake Road to Four Corners Road WSBO Jefferson County. Public Works Board 646 8.3 Nov 2025 Jefferson North Fiber Project Cape George, Middlepoint, Woodland Hills, and parts of Marrowstone Island WSBO Jefferson County 646 100 Feb 2026 Port Townsend Business Project City of Port Townsend, Fort Worden, Glen Cove Loan Public Works Board 163 businesses 47 Feb 2026 Southeast Jefferson Fiber Project Chimacum-Coyle rea, including Chimacum, Egg & I, Port Ludlow, and Coyle WSBO USDA RUS 653 100 April 2027 Adjacent Areas Limited homes and businesses near a funded project area. Areas just outside grant area — — — — Notes: NTIA is Telecommunications and Information Administration. USDA RUS is United States Agricultural Department Rural Utilities Services WSBO is Washington State Broadband Office. Source: JPUD - Broadband Services Area, 2025. JPUD provides broadband services and facilities in accordance with the provisions of RCW 54.16.330, which enables JPUD to provide internet service directly to eligible customers. Customers with JPUD Fiber can receive monthly services either through JPUD or a qualified internet service provider, which includes Advanced Stream, Jamestown Networks, and North Olympic Data Centers. Southern Jefferson County (Brinnon Area) Broadband services are provided in the Brinnon area through Hood Canal Communications. The Northern Hood Canal Fiber Extension Project, completed in 2023, provided increased broadband connectivity to 862 homes in underserved areas, including rural Jefferson County and the Brinnon area.122 Hood Canal Communications is continuing to roll out its broadband network throughout southern Jefferson County.123 122 Hood Canal Communications, Ribbon Cutting for Brinnon Broadband, 2023. 123 Hood Canal Communications, Service Areas, n.d. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 412 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Western Jefferson County Residents in Western Jefferson County in the Queets/Clearwater and Quinault area receive broadband services through Starlink, Viasat, HughesNet, and CenturyLink in select instances. Telephone: Future Capacity Needs & Requirements Conventional Telephone: State law requires CenturyLink to provide adequate telecommunications services on demand. WAC 480-120- 071(3) requires establishment of a line extension policy, which is contained in CenturyLink’s tariff WNU-24 Schedule 9, filed with the State of Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission Chapter 480-120 also contains performance standards. The needs of its Jefferson County customers drive CenturyLink’s construction planning. As the county grows and telecommunications services evolve, facilities are upgraded to ensure adequate service levels. CenturyLink’s goal is to maintain routes at 85% capacity. When usage exceeds 85%, additional facilities will be planned, budgeted, and installed. Wireless Common Carriers (Including Cellular Phone Service): Unlike other utilities, the cellular phone industry does not necessarily conduct long-range strategic facilities planning. Market demand is analyzed to determine expansions into new service areas. Cellular phone service can be expanded in a given area to provide better service to cellular customers in two ways: ▶ Extending the coverage to new areas, or ▶ Increasing the capacity of the system within the current service area. A decision to expand the system depends on several factors. First, the number of current customers within the area and the capacity of the current system are analyzed to identify the need to expand. Second, the quality of service within the area is continually evaluated, both electronically, at the switching equipment, and through feedback from customers. If there are a significant number of service failures reported, including dropped calls, continuous busy signals, or an "all circuits are busy" message, the capacity of the system must be evaluated and usually improved to maintain consumer market share. Third, the FCC license granted to the cellular carrier requires that service be provided to 75% of its Cellular Geographical Service Area (CGSA) within five years from the date the license is granted. Maintaining a high quality, interference-free service is essential to comply with these FCC requirements. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 413 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 In general, it is anticipated that additional sites within the Jefferson County service area will be located responsive to customer service needs, generally following increases in population densities and high-volume traffic corridors. Countywide Planning Policies The CPPs address adequate utilities within UGAs (#3), and the coordination of the Economic Development Element with the Utility Element (#7). Summary of Trends & Opportunities Since 1998 with the founding of this Comprehensive Plan, service providers have changed and advanced with the JPUD purchasing the electrical power system from Puget Sound Energy, offering lower rates, and upgraded infrastructure. An ongoing and expanding opportunity in power service is conservation through energy efficiency and use of natural energy sources through solar, wind, and waves. Telecommunication services have expanded with the installation of broadband fiber optic cables, also under the heading of JPUD, with broadband expansion occurring throughout Eastern Jefferson County. These changes offer opportunities to improve the quality of life of Jefferson County residents and to attract businesses as identified in the Economic Development Element. As noted in the Climate Element and the State of Washington’s Integrated Climate Response Strategy “Preparing for a Changing Climate,” climate change will affect infrastructure including “increased damage costs and disruptions from more frequent and severe flooding, wildfires, changes in energy supply and demand, and other climate impacts.” The strategy also notes that there could be increased maintenance and operations, travel delays and disruptions, as well as effects on emergency evacuation routes.124 Some adaptation measures have been identified by state and local planners, including:125 124 Ecology, Preparing for a Changing Climate: Washington State’s Integrated Climate Response Strategy (Publication No. 12-01-004), 2012. 125 Ecology, Preparing for a Changing Climate: Washington State’s Integrated Climate Response Strategy (Publication No. 12-01-004), 2012; American Planning Association Washington Chapter, Address Climate Change: Planning for Climate Change Adaptation, 2015. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 414 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Protecting infrastructure by strengthening dikes and levees and by using other hard or soft structural approaches. ▶ Strengthening infrastructure to better withstand climate impacts (such as flooding or extreme heat) through improved materials, design, and construction techniques. ▶ Raising or elevating infrastructure to protect it from flooding. ▶ Relocating, decommissioning or abandoning selected infrastructure where the costs of protection and maintenance outweighs the benefit. ▶ Adjusting Benefit-Cost Analysis to account for additional impacts of climate change to life cycle of infrastructure. ▶ Updating zoning to prohibit critical infrastructures in vulnerable coastal zones; relocate or protect critical assets such as railroads, major arterials, water treatment plants and power stations; consider recreational uses and habitat restoration for storm surge buffers. 8.5 CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES PLAN Capital Facilities The Capital Facilities Plan Technical Appendix D provides a plan for future facilities and anticipated revenue to support new growth projected in the Land Use Element. Essential Public Facilities The policies of this element and the Unified Development Code provide the framework for the process for designating and siting Essential Public Facilities. Two facilities have been designated to date, and have plans that guide their long-term uses, activities, investments, and operations, including compatibility with surrounding uses: ▶ Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan, September 2016 ▶ Jefferson County International Airport Master Plan Update, Reid Middleton and Barnard Dunkelberg Company, Final Report, July 2014 (update is in progress with completion anticipated in 2026) CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 415 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Utilities Power and telecommunication service providers maintain plans for service, particularly JPUD, who is advancing strategic facilities plan for its operational headquarters, new advanced electrical meters county- wide. JPUD is helping to manage electrical demand by offering incentives for increased efficiencies such as through rebates on documented expenses for approved home or commercial energy improvements. From 2018–2021, JPUD completed a strategic plan that evaluated expansion of its high-speed open-access broadband network to residences in Jefferson County, to where there is demand to build broadband infrastructure. JPUD identified projects for broadband expansion throughout Eastern Jefferson County The County can support JPUD energy conservation and broadband implementation with appropriate permit procedures, and potential development incentives (e.g., energy conservation above and beyond State Energy Code may receive some development incentives in UGAs). These efforts dovetail with Economic Development Element strategies to retain and attract a workforce and businesses. 8.6 GOALS & POLICIES Capital Facilities The Capital Facility Plan unites all the elements of this Comprehensive Plan. The function of the Plan is to establish a viable planning link between inventory, levels of service (LOS), and financing for future public facilities. The goals state the general growth management intentions of the county. The policies are guidelines for decisions on how goals will be achieved. Strategies describe specific programs or actions to implement policies. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 416 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 General Goal CF-G-1 Establish and maintain appropriate and equitable levels of service for public facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-1.1 Establish the following LOS for categories of public facilities and apply the standards as follows: Category A Public Facilities are the public facilities owned or operated by Jefferson County subject to concurrency. — Category A LOS: Maintain LOS D or better for rural road facilities based upon Average Annual Daily Trips. Maintain LOS D or better on all road facilities within urban growth areas, Master Planned Resorts, and Highways of Regional Significance as established by the Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO), based upon Average Annual Daily Trips. — Category A LOS will guide the county’s capital budget and capital improvements program. Category B Public Facilities are the public facilities owned or operated by Jefferson County subject to LOS standards. — Category B LOS: Note: This table currently compares the adopted LOS from the 2018 Comprehensive Plan (presented as a bulleted list in the 2018 Plan) to proposed LOS to meet 2045 service needs. See Appendix D. The table will be updated prior to adoption to show only the final, adopted LOS. Category B Public Facilities 2018 Adopted LOS Proposed LOS Public Administration & Law Enforcement Animal Control Shelter 58 square feet per 1,000 pop. 2038 57 square feet per 1,000 pop. Community Centers 1,005 square feet per 1,000 pop. 2038 975 square feet per 1,000 pop. Corrections Inmate Facilities 1.48 beds per 1,000 pop. 2038 1.43 beds per 1,000 pop. County Sheriff Facilities 200 square feet per 1,000 pop. 2038 198 square feet per 1,000 pop. County Justice Facilities 515 square feet per 1,000 pop. 2038 503 square feet per 1,000 pop. County General Administrative Facilities 1,020 square feet per 1,000 pop. 2038 No change. County Maintenance Shop Facilities 825 square feet per 1,000 pop. 2038 801 square feet per 1,000 pop. Parks and Recreation Revise to match PROS Plan See the Transportation Element and Transportation Technical Appendix C. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 417 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Regional Parks 19.07 acres per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 18.43 acres per 1,000 pop. 2038 19.0 acres per 1,000 pop. Community Parks 3.05 acres per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 2.94 acres per 1,000 pop. 2038 2.90 acres per 1,000 pop. Neighborhood Parks 0.16 acres per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 0.18 acres per 1,000 pop. 2038 0.17 acres per 1,000 pop. Open Space 4.85 acres per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 4.69 acres per 1,000 pop. 2038 No change Special Use 3.24 acres per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 3.24 acres per 1,000 pop. 2038 No change1 Trails Base LOS 0.52 miles per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 2038 Target LOS if funding allows, 1.83 miles per 1,000 pop. 2023 & 2038 No change Sewer, Water, Stormwater, and Solid Waste Solid Waste, Garbage 3.12 pounds per capita per day 2038 0.57 annual tons per capita. (Revise from pounds per capita per day to annual tons per capita) Solid Waste, Recycle 2.8 pounds per capita per day 2038 Delete, recycling transitioning to private sector in 2026 Stormwater Management Facilities Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington No change Water System Facilities Pending Pending CWSP update Sewer Systems Pending Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan Update (as amended) 1 The County is no longer meeting the PROS Plan’s adopted LOS standard for special use parks based on the current population and updated inventory information from County staff (see Appendix D). The LOS standard for special use parks is expected to be addressed in the next PROS Plan update. — Category B LOS will guide the County's capital budget decisions including the capital improvements program. Category C Public Facilities are the following facilities owned or operated by the Federal or State government, independent districts, the City of Port Townsend (outside the incorporated limits), and private entities. — Category C LOS: CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 418 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: This table currently compares the adopted LOS from the 2018 Comprehensive Plan (presented as a bulleted list in the 2018 Plan) to proposed LOS to meet 2045 service needs. See Appendix D. The table will be updated prior to adoption to show only the final, adopted LOS. Category C Public Facilities 2018 Adopted LOS Proposed LOS Transportation Roads Same as for Category A above Same as for Category A above, see also the Transportation Element Active Transportation (new) N/A (new) See Transportation Element Transit Support the operational and comprehensive planning of Jefferson Transit Authority to reduce auto dependency and enhance regional trips by transit ridership and TDM. Jefferson County defaults to Jefferson Transit Authority’s definition and findings of transit levels of service, and will collaborate with Jefferson Transit Authority on the county’s transit system service needs. See Transportation Element Airport JCIA: Pursuant to JCIA Master Plan 2014 or successor. No change Sanitary Sewer City of Port Townsend 260 gallons per day/ERU No change Olympic Water and Sewer 230 gallons per day/ERU No change Water 840 gallons per day/ERU City of Port Townsend 200 gallons per day/ERU No change Olympic Water and Sewer 160 gallons per day/ERU No change PUD No.1 200 gallons per day/ERU No change Tri-Area (City of Port Townsend) 800 gallons per day/ERU No change Fire, Emergency Medical Services, & Hospital Services Fire Districts: Revise if effective LOS (based on 2024 district population and updated inventory information) is below county’s adopted standard Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 1 (East Jefferson Fire & Rescue) 0.29 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 0.42 fire units and 0.29 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 419 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Fire District 2 (Quilcene) 2.0 fire units in service per 1,000 pop. and 1.4 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 1.9 fire units and 1.4 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. Fire District 3 (Port Ludlow) 1.0 fire units in service per 1,000 pop. and 0.8 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 Delete, merged with Fire Protection District No. 1 Fire District 4 (Brinnon) 1.25 fire units in service per 1,000 pop. and 0.5 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 No substantive change, remove reference to year Fire District 5 (Gardiner) 3.0 fire units in service per 1,000 pop. and 3.0 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 No substantive change, remove reference to year Fire District 7 (Clearwater) 2.0 fire units in service per 1,000 pop. and 0 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 No substantive change, remove reference to year Port Townsend Fire Department 0.29 EMS units in service per 1,000 pop. 2038 Delete, merged with Fire Protection District No. 1 Jefferson County Public Hospital District No. 2 0.75 beds per 1,000 population 2023 and 2038 0.72 beds per 1,000 pop. (Revise to 2025 effective LOS) Education & Library Services Brinnon School District 46 K-8: Not to exceed 23 students/classroom No change, effective LOS (based on 2025 population and updated inventory information) is meeting standard for all school districts (e.g., lower than the adopted standards) Chimacum School District 49 K-12: Not to exceed 27 students/classroom Port Townsend School District 50 K-3: Not to exceed 26 students/classroom 4-6: Not to exceed 30 students/classroom 7-12: Not to exceed 34 students/classroom Queets/Clearwater School Dist. 20 K-12: Not to exceed 26 students/classroom Quilcene School District 48 K-12: Not to exceed 26 students/classroom Quillayute School District 402 K-12: Not to exceed 26 students/classroom Sequim School District 323 K-12: Not to exceed 26 students/classroom Jefferson County Library 433 square feet per 1,000 population 2023 and 2038 280 square feet per 1,000 pop. (Revise to 2025 effective LOS) — Misc.: In addition to the LOS standards outlined above, the policies of the Land Use Element relating to the development and financing of public facilities in rural and urban areas constitute additional LOS standards in accordance with the CPPs. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 420 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 — Category C LOS guide the capital budget decisions and the capital improvements programs of the appropriate entities. ▶ Policy CF-P-1.2 Jefferson County may adopt different levels of service for urban growth areas and rural areas of the county. ▶ Policy CF-P-1.3 Levels of service for public facilities in the unincorporated portion of the Port Townsend UGA are the same as the county’s adopted standards. ▶ Policy CF-P-1.4 Maintain and use updated departmental functional plans to guide development of capital properties and investment decisions within each functional area. Ensure functional plans are generally consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-1.5 If projected funding is inadequate to finance projected capital facility needs based on adopted LOS standards and guidelines, adjust the LOS standards and guidelines, the planned growth in the Land Use Element, and/or the source of revenue to maintain a balance between available revenue and needed capital facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-1.6 Ensure adopted levels of service consider rural access, youth participation, universal design, and the needs of marginalized populations such as LGBTQ+ and disabled residents. Goal CF-G-2 Implement a Six-Year Capital Facilities Concept Plan that ensures that county-owned public facilities meet the adopted level of service. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.1 Determine the quantity of capital improvements that are needed to eliminate existing deficiencies and to maintain the LOS standards for Category A and B public facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.2 Establish priorities among capital improvements projects through amendments to the Capital Facilities Element and Jefferson County’s Six-Year Capital Facilities Concept and Transportation Improvement Plans. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.3 Ensure that the estimated cost of all capital improvements does not exceed a conservative estimate of available revenues. A conservative estimate need not be the lowest estimate but does not exceed the most likely estimate. It does not include revenues that require approval by a referendum, if that referendum has been rejected. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 421 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-2.4 Include an appropriation in the annual budget for all of the capital improvement projects listed in the Capital Facilities Element for that year. Omit from the budget capital improvements for which there is a binding agreement with another party to fund those capital improvements in the same fiscal year. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.5 Monitor the implementation of the capital improvement program and development to ensure that the Land Use, Transportation, and Capital Facilities Elements are coordinated and consistent, and that established LOS standards for public facilities are achieved. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.6 Finance capital improvements and manage debt consistent with Capital Improvement Plans and the Capital Facilities Element of this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.7 Consider subsequent operating and maintenance costs when planning for capital facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.8 Provide public facilities or accept their provision by other entities only if Jefferson County or the other entity is able to pay for subsequent operating and maintenance costs ▶ Policy CF-P-2.9 Revise the LOS standard for a public facility if either revenue for capital improvements for that facility requires approval by referendum and a referendum has not been held, or a referendum was held, and it did not meet the approval of the public. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.10 Determine through a public process how to apportion the fair share of funding capital improvements for county- owned public facilities between existing and future developments. Ensure new growth and development pay their proportionate share of the cost of new capital facilities needed to serve such growth and development. ▶ Policy CF-P-2.11 Condition approval of private developments that require public facility capital improvements, which will be financed by contingent sources of revenue, upon acquisition of that revenue. An example of a contingent source of revenue is debt that requires approval by a referendum. Make provision in the approval conditions for substituting a comparable amount of existing revenue if the contingent funding sources are not approved. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 422 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal CF-G-3 Ensure that public facilities are adequate to support proposed development at the adopted level of service. ▶ Policy CF-P-3.1 Issue development approvals only after a permit decision has been made that there is sufficient capacity of Category A public facilities to meet the adopted LOS for existing and proposed development concurrent with the proposed development. ▶ Policy CF-P-3.2 If the adopted LOS for Category B or C public facilities are not achieved, the funding will either be increased to achieve the LOS, or the LOS will be modified through amendment to the Plan, and/or other Comprehensive Plan Elements will be amended. ▶ Policy CF-P-3.3 Designate "tiers" within designated urban growth areas to discourage urban sprawl and leapfrog development and to encourage development of adequate public facilities and services concurrent with development as follows: ▶ First Tier: Includes existing commercial centers and urbanized areas for which the Six-Year Capital Facilities Concept Plan provides urban services and facilities. ▶ Second Tier: Areas for which urban services and facilities are planned for years 7-20 of the 20-year planning period. Urban services and facilities will be provided by the developer concurrent with development, or by public providers by implementing all or a portion of an approved capital facilities plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-3.4 Providers of public facilities may require users of those facilities to pay for a portion of their cost and/or may require new development to pay impact fees, capacity fees, system distribution charges, special assessments, and/or mitigation payments allowed by law. ▶ Policy CF-P-3.5 Reserve public facility capacity for vested development approvals that were issued prior to the adoption of this Comprehensive Plan. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 423 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal CF-G-4 Ensure that all capital improvements are made in conformance with the goals and policies of the other elements of this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.1 Locate all Category A and B public facility capital improvements in conformance with the adopted land use map and the goals and policies of this Comprehensive Plan. Ensure investment in capital improvements accommodate the current and future population, while prioritizing investment to address existing deficiencies where vulnerable populations are located. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.2 Integrate land use planning and decisions with planning and decisions for public facility capital improvements. Include analysis in the capital facility planning process of how capital facility investment decisions will impact different geographic areas and vulnerable communities. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.3 Encourage equitable public engagement and input into large public capital facility projects to identify community needs and benefits. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.4 Consider potential effects of climate change and future conditions—including changes to temperature, precipitation, and flooding—when making siting decisions for capital facilities, also with consideration of the land use and environment goals and policies of this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.5 Provide capital facilities and services that protect and minimize their impact on the natural environment, particularly to critical areas. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.6 Design capital facilities that are adaptable and flexible to expand or be converted to other uses as the community’s needs change over time. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.7 Incorporate a resiliency lens into the design of capital facilities to ensure facilities can continue to exist and function as intended over their planned life cycle. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.8 Implement inter-local agreements with neighboring municipalities, local tribes, agencies, private providers, and other entities to coordinate efficient, effective, and equitable provision of public facilities and services consistent with the Capital Facilities Element. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.9 Establish inter-local or joint planning agreements with municipalities and other providers of public facilities to coordinate planning for and development of urban growth areas. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 424 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-4.10 Site capital facilities equitably and efficiently and ensure impacts on adjacent uses at proposed or alternative locations have been anticipated and that overburdening any particular community or neighborhood has been prevented or mitigated. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.11 Coordinate funding of public facilities, including tax revenue sharing, the provision of regional services, and annexations through the development of inter-local agreements. Implement fee structures and programs that ensure cost burdens for facility usage do not disproportionately impact low-income households ▶ Policy CF-P-4.12 Consider impact fee exemptions for affordable housing, daycares, or other uses with public purposes as allowed by State law. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.13 Incorporate consideration of physical health and well-being into decisions regarding the location, design, and operation of capital facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-4.14 Integrate analysis of how capital facility decisions will impact different geographic areas and racial and socioeconomic groups into capital facility planning processes. Potable Water In addition to the following potable water goal and policies, the Environment Element contains further discussion of rural water service as well as supporting goals and policies. Goal CF-G-5 Promote coordination of water utility planning among purveyors, government agencies, and residents to ensure an adequate potable water system, to protect the quality and quantity of the water supply, and to conform to this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.1 Ensure the creation and the extension of public water supply systems outside Urban Growth Areas is consistent with the rural densities specified in the Land Use Element and is financed by the benefited properties and not the general rate payer. Water Tanks at Kala Point, Jefferson County CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 425 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-5.2 Participate in and assist the facilitation of regional discussions and analyses on water quality and quantity issues, including water supply affects from climate change, through the Jefferson County Water Utility Coordinating Committee (WUCC), the Water Resources Council and other regional forums. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.3 Periodically review and update the adopted Jefferson County Coordinated Water System Plan (CWSP) incorporating the adopted land use, population allocations, and pertinent policies identified in this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.4 Take an active role in reviewing and approving Satellite Management Agencies that own and operate multiple water systems that are not physically connected. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.5 During periodic review of the Critical Areas Ordinance, analyze current data to identify and improve processes that may reduce the risk of seawater intrusion. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.6 Work to implement a long-term ground water quantity and quality monitoring program for basins that provide domestic water supplies. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.7 Work with purveyors to promote the use of unaffected upland water sources and other alternative supplies, where appropriate, to supply new and existing development in affected areas. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.8 Support implementation of conservation strategies that reduce average annual and peak day water use for public and private water systems. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.9 Recognize the authority of Jefferson Public Utility District #1 pursuant to title 54 RCW and other applicable statutes. The county will cooperate with Public Utility District #1 to adopt development regulations consistent with that authority. ▶ Policy CF-P-5.10 Encourage the use of water-conserving fixtures with new systems or services. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 426 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Sewer & Wastewater Goal CF-G-6 Promote sanitary sewer systems that accommodate growth, are cost-effective to construct and operate, and are consistent with this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-6.1 Plan sanitary sewer system sizing, phasing, development, and expansion within urban growth areas to accommodate the allocated population and planned urban development to the greatest extent possible within the current planning period; while also planning implementation phases that provide service at the greatest cost-effectiveness. ▶ Policy CF-P-6.2 Encourage development of community on-site sewer systems in rural centers to protect public health, the environment, and foster a reliable, integrated collection system. In areas with water quality concerns that are or appear to be related to problems associated with individual on-site sewage systems, Jefferson County supports utilizing a range of sewage treatment options, including community drainfields and centralized systems, subject to State law. ▶ Policy CF-P-6.3 New sanitary sewer systems only will be provided within a UGA and will not be extended beyond the current boundary of a UGA unless: - It is necessary to protect basic public health, safety, and the environment; the sewer, extension, or connection is financially supportable at rural densities; and the sewer, connection, or extension does not permit urban development; - It is necessary to support a Limited Area of More Intensive Rural Development (LAMIRD) consistent with the County-wide Planning Policies; - It is necessary to provide service to an essential public facility if no practicable alternative exists to site the essential public facility in an Urban Growth Area; - It supports a rural school serving both rural and urban student populations, consistent with state law; or. - It is necessary to support state-authorized middle housing developments within a designated Type 1 LAMIRD. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 427 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Existing sanitary sewer treatment facility capacity will not be used as a justification for expansion of a sewer system or development inconsistent with County-wide Planning Policies and the Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-6.4 Encourage the use of water conserving fixtures with the new systems or services. ▶ Policy CF-P-6.5 Consider the full range of actions that will enable urban development to occur in a UGA, including urban development initially on Large Onsite Sewage Systems to accommodate growth, affordable housing, economic development, and environmental protection in advance of an operational sanitary sewer system. ▶ Policy CF-P-6.6 As part of growth planning, understand the emerging issues of septage management and treatment capacity countywide as the State of Washington evaluates septage capacity statewide. Solid Waste Goal CF-G-7 Provide reliable and cost-effect solid waste services as detailed in the most recent Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.1 Maintain the Solid Waste Enterprise Fund in accord with a reserved capital fund balance benchmarks of 25% of the current capital replacement value of the transfer station and an operations fund balance of 25% of projected annual operating expenses per Jefferson County Resolution No. 28-23. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.2 Implement, to the fullest extent possible, the prioritized waste reduction, recycling, and organics recommendations of the Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.3 Implement, to the fullest extent possible, the recommendations of the Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan for solid waste collection, transfer, disposal, handling of special wastes, administration, and public education. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.4 Identify and implement appropriate measures to ensure mitigation of adverse environmental impacts associated with solid waste collection activities. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.5 Design and locate facilities with proper consideration for health and environmental impacts. Prioritized recommendations from the Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan include: • Programs and education to reduce and reuse material before it enters the waste stream • Diverting, reusing, and recycling materials before it enters the waste stream. • Pricing disincentives to reduce waste. • Programs and education to increase access to recycling services and increase recycling rates • Programs and education regarding composting and other alternatives for handling residential and commercial food and pet wastes. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 428 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-7.6 Maintain the Solid Waste Advisory Committee involving residents, waste management providers, regulatory agency representatives, the county, and other affected interests to identify methods for efficient and practical solid waste management, including small and moderate-risk waste handling strategies. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.7 If incentive programs fail to reach the waste reduction goals identified in the Solid Waste Management Plan, consider mandatory programs to the extent allowable by State law. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.8 Identify and preserve for future use solid waste facility sites, including potential landfill sites, consistent with this Comprehensive Plan and the Solid Waste Management Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.9 Ensure reclamation of areas currently serving as solid waste disposal facilities to promote the recovery of such areas for future functional land uses. ▶ Policy CF-P-7.10 Promote conservation education, recycling, and composting to reduce the need for additional facilities in the future, reduce emissions, and prevent pollution while maintaining a cost- effective, responsive, and environmentally sensitive collection system. Surface Water Management Goal CF-G-8 Manage surface water consistent with the most recent Jefferson County Surface Water Management Plan and watershed management plans to minimize adverse impacts from development. ▶ Policy CF-P-8.1 Participate with other agencies to undertake joint planning, financing, and implementation of regional storm water management facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-8.2 Coordinate with state, regional and local agencies to develop and implement policies for surface water and storm water management. ▶ Policy CF-P-8.3 Consider the use of storm water facilities, when appropriate, as meeting the requirements for open space or habitat conservation corridors. ▶ Policy CF-P-8.4 Encourage collecting rainwater for on-site, non- potable uses at County properties CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 429 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Essential Public Facilities Goal CF-G-9 Regulate the siting of essential public facilities consistent with the GMA and to meet public service needs. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.1 Utilize the following siting criteria (from CPP #4) as the basis for siting new essential public facilities or for the expansion of existing essential public facilities: a. Proximity to major transportation routes and essential infrastructure; b. Land use compatibility with surrounding areas; c. Potential environmental impacts by the facility as well as to the facility, including siting considerations regarding effects of climate change; d. Effects on resource and critical areas; e. Proximity to urban growth areas f. Public costs and benefits including operation and maintenance; g. Current capacity and location of equivalent facilities; and, h. The existence, within the community, of reasonable alternatives to the proposed activity. i. Other criteria as determined relevant to the specific essential public facility, or criteria developed in conjunction with the City of Port Townsend or the Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA community. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.2 Establish an interjurisdictional approach to siting essential public facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.3 Identify and designate essential public facilities of state-wide, countywide, and local significance and incorporate into the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Map and the CPPs. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.4 Ensure that this Comprehensive Plan and implementing regulations do not preclude the siting of essential public facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.5 Adopt and maintain development regulations that ensure that siting of essential public facilities is consistent with the elements of the Comprehensive Plans of both the county and City of Port Townsend, as well as the siting criteria jointly established by the county and its urban growth areas. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 430 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-9.6 Adopt and maintain development regulations for essential public facilities in conjunction with the City of Port Townsend, which consider the following factors: a. Specific facility requirements including, but not limited to, acreage requirements, transportation needs, availability of alternative sites, and infrastructure and services required by the facility. 1. Minimum acreage 2. Accessibility 3. Transportation needs and services 4. Supporting public facility and public service needs and availability thereof 5. Health and safety 6. Site design 7. Zoning of the site 8. Availability of alternative sites 9. Community-wide distribution of facilities 10. Capacity and location of equivalent facilities 11. State and federal siting requirements b. Impacts of the facility including, but not limited to, compatibility with adjacent land uses, environmental impacts, and transportation. 1. Land use compatibility 2. Existing land use and development in adjacent and surrounding areas 3. Existing zoning of surrounding areas 4. Existing Comprehensive Plan designation for surrounding areas 5. Present and proposed population density of surrounding area 6. Environmental impacts and opportunities to mitigate environmental impacts 7. Effect on agricultural, forest or mineral lands, critical areas, and historic, archaeological, and cultural sites 8. Effect on areas outside of Jefferson County 9. Effect on the likelihood of associated development 10. Effect on public costs including operating and maintenance 11. Proximity to urban growth areas 12. Proximity to major transportation routes and essential infrastructure 13. Current capacity and location of equivalent facilities 14. Public costs and benefits including operation and maintenance 15. The existence, within the community, of reasonable alternatives to proposed activity c. Impacts of the facility siting on urban growth area designations and policies including, but not limited to, proximity to existing urban growth areas, compatibility with existing urban growth areas and their associated development and the urban characteristics of the proposed facility. 1. Urban nature of facility CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 431 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 2. Existing urban growth near facility site 3. Compatibility or urban growth with the facility 4. Compatibility of facility siting with respect to urban growth area boundaries ▶ Policy CF-P-9.7 Adopt and maintain development regulations for essential public facilities which specify: a. The time required for construction b. Property acquisition c. Control of on-site and off-site impacts during construction d. Expediting and streamlining necessary government approvals and permits if all other elements of the CPPs and this comprehensive plan policies have been met. e. The quasi-public or public nature of the facility, balancing the need for the facility against the external impacts generated by its siting and the availability of alternative sites with lesser impacts. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.8 Adopt and maintain Unified Development Code updates for essential public facilities which include standards and criteria related to: a. Facility operations b. Health and safety c. Nuisance effects d. Maintenance of standards congruent with applicable governmental regulations, particularly as they may change and become more stringent over time. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.9 Ensure that new essential public facilities or the expansion of existing essential public facilities sited outside of urban growth areas are self-supporting and do not require the extension or construction of urban services and facilities unless no practicable alternative exists. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.10 Ensure that Jefferson County's policies and development regulations on essential public facility siting are coordinated with and advance other planning goals. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.11 Ensure that where possible, essential public facility sites are used jointly for public benefit. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.12 Ensure that affected agencies and residents, adjacent jurisdictions, and other interested parties are given adequate notice and opportunity for meaningful participation in decisions on siting essential public facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.13 Establish a review body with specified procedures established to hear appeals of site selection for essential public facilities. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 432 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-9.14 Combine public hearings for permits required by federal and/or state law for essential public facilities with any public hearing required by county development regulations whenever feasible. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.15 Require any state essential public facility included on the list maintained by the Office of Financial Management (OFM) and proposed for siting within Jefferson County to be subject to the same siting process as identified in both this Comprehensive Plan and the development regulations. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.16 Develop standards to allow reclamation of waste disposal sites to other land uses. ▶ Policy CF-P-9.17 Evaluate whether the County can be waste disposal self-sufficient for the next twenty (20) years. Goal CF-G-10 Ensure the continued viability of the Jefferson County International Airport as a transportation hub. ▶ Policy CF-P-10.1 Promote uses which are clearly identified as aviation support facilities or aviation related development in conformance with the airport’s designation as an essential public facility. Other secondary uses may be allowed consistent with the Jefferson County International Airport Master Plan Update 2014 or its successor when endorsed by the county and implemented in development regulations. a. Aviation Support Facilities are those uses which directly support the operation of the Jefferson County Airport. b. Aviation Related Development are those uses which are reliant upon the airport for their business. ▶ Policy CF-P-10.2 Cooperate with the Port of Port Townsend to implement the Jefferson County International Airport Master Plan Update 2014 or its successor to guide future development at the Jefferson County International Airport. This sub-area plan and its implementing regulations may allow non-aviation uses and activities that are compatible with the airport facility and surrounding area. Consider the following criteria for all new uses and activities proposed for siting at the Jefferson County International Airport and all plans for facilities expansion in the plan and associated development regulations: a. Compatibility with airport operations as an essential public facility; b. Provision of infrastructure consistent with the requirements of the GMA; Jefferson County International Airport, Port of Port Townsend CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 433 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 c. Land use compatibility with surrounding area; d. Potential environmental impacts; e. Availability of alternative sites; f. Public health and safety; and g. Sub-area plan amendment process for possible future acquisition of adjacent properties. Goal CF-G-11 Ensure continuation of the airport as a safe and efficient essential public facility. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.1 Develop and maintain an “Airport Overlay Zone” for Jefferson County International Airport which: ▶ Discourages the siting of new, incompatible land uses adjacent to the airport; ▶ Establishes a noise overlay zone; ▶ Identifies and regulates land uses within a “runway protection zone;” ▶ Identifies and regulates land uses within an “airport approach zone;” and, ▶ Regulates obstacles in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 77 until the “Airport Overlay Zone” is established for the JCIA. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.2 Contingent upon the results of the “Glen Cove/Tri- Area Special Study,” review and, if necessary, amend the Jefferson County International Airport section of this Capital Facilities and Utilities Element. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.3 Limit and regulate all uses within the Jefferson County International Airport Runway Protection Zone, except for facilities and structures determined necessary to ensure the safe operation of aircraft. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.4 Prohibit any new use which involves release of airborne substances, such as steam, dust, and smoke which interfere with aircraft operations within the Airport Approach or Runway Protection Zones. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.5 Prohibit any new uses which emit light, direct or indirect (reflections), which may interfere with a pilot’s vision within the Airport Approach or Runway Protection Zones. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.6 Install facilities which emit electrical currents in a manner that does not interfere with communication systems or navigational equipment. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 434 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-11.7 Prohibit any new uses that attract concentrations of birds or waterfowl (i.e., mixed solid waste landfill disposal facilities, waste transfer facilities, feeding stations, and the growth of certain vegetation) in the Airport Approach or Runway Protection Zones. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.8 Encourage the Port of Port Townsend to continue its efforts to mitigate noise conflicts at JCIA. ▶ Policy CF-P-11.9 Encourage the commitment between Jefferson County and the Port of Port Townsend to coordinate individual planning documents to preclude the occurrence of future noise conflict areas. Coordinate with the Port of Port Townsend to explore options in flight patterns to mitigate noise events, as long as options preserve safe aeronautical regulations and procedures. Utilities General Capacity & Conservation Goal CF-G-12 Provide adequate utility capacity for future growth consistent with the requirements of the GMA. ▶ Policy CF-P-12.1 Identify where infrastructure is not adequate to support future growth, initiate planning for the development of infrastructure required for future growth and ensure that utility infrastructure is adequate to support projected population growth and economic development. ▶ Policy CF-P-12.2 Allow extension and sizing of facilities based on the Land Use Element. In those cases where engineering standards are in excess of the requirements for the immediate development but are required to meet established levels of service for proposed uses and future needs, the excess capacity will not be a reason to allow growth out of sequence with the Land Use Element. ▶ Policy CF-P-12.3 Require that adequate public facilities and services are available prior to, or concurrent with, development. ▶ Policy CF-P-12.4 Process permits and approvals for utility facilities in a fair, predictable, and timely manner and in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations to facilitate timely completion of utility development to meet growth demands. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 435 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-12.5 Ensure that all community members served by an expanding public water supply or other utility are represented by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) or otherwise maintain representative and elected leadership to help ensure that long term decisions are made in the best interests of rate payers. ▶ Policy CF-P-12.6 Encourage equitable provision of utility infrastructure. Prioritize underserved areas and historically marginalized populations to avoid amassing insufficient infrastructure in vulnerable communities. Goal CF-G-13 Coordinate planning and provision of utility services among Jefferson County, the State of Washington, local governments, and utility service providers. ▶ Policy CF-P-13.1 Provide coordination between Jefferson County, agencies, and utility providers to ensure consistency between utility systems development and the growth plans of the county. ▶ Policy CF-P-13.2 Require utility providers to consistently utilize the Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Land Use Element in utility systems planning. ▶ Policy CF-P-13.3 Assist in making multiple use of utility corridors, easements, and areas for utilities, whenever possible, provided that such shared use is consistent with limitations prescribed by applicable law and prudent utility system practice. ▶ Policy CF-P-13.4 Coordinate and cooperate with other jurisdictions when transmission facility additions or improvements cross jurisdictional boundaries. Coordination to include maximizing efforts to achieve consistency between jurisdictions in efficient permitting. ▶ Policy CF-P-13.5 Coordinate and consolidate public service or public facility districts, where feasible, to distribute public services and facilities more efficiently and equitably ▶ Policy CF-P-13.6 Require that utility infrastructure associated with new development will be constructed to comply with Jefferson County growth projections and standards. ▶ Policy CF-P-13.7 Encourage providers to implement system improvements to enhance reliability and safety, including preparing for climate impacts. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 436 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-13.8 Coordinate with utility provider(s) on the location of major new facilities at the earliest possible stage in planning to reduce impacts to vulnerable communities, surrounding uses, and the natural environment. Goal CF-G-14 Minimize adverse environmental impacts of utility systems development through proper utility design, siting, regulation, ongoing monitoring, and education. ▶ Policy CF-P-14.1 Support utility planning that takes precautionary actions to prevent importation and distribution of noxious weeds; implements the most environmentally sensitive and effective approaches to eradicate noxious weeds in utility corridors; and implements quick-action plans to eradicate new infestations. Discourage recurring use of herbicides to control general vegetative growth around utility facilities and encourage alternative methods, such as mowing or selective treatment. ▶ Policy CF-P-14.2 Participate in regional comprehensive watershed planning processes and incorporate appropriate elements of watershed agreements between the county, state, federal, tribal, local governments and other stakeholders into local ordinances and utility plans. ▶ Policy CF-P-14.3 Incentivize communications conduit installation for fiber optic cable at the same time and in the same trench alongside electrical cable installation as part of new building construction. Goal CF-G-15 Promote the conservation and preservation of resources, through the use of renewable energy and new technology to provide reliable utility services. ▶ Policy CF-P-15.1 As appropriate, promote renewable energy sources and support implementation of resource conservation technologies in all areas of new construction, large scale renovation of public facilities, and other changes that improve utility services and provide enhanced conservation and waste reduction. ▶ Policy CF-P-15.2 Maintain operating efficiency of existing resource consuming facilities in Jefferson County. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 437 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-15.3 Encourage providers to incorporate technological changes when they are cost effective and consistent with their public service obligations. ▶ Policy CF-P-15.4 Promote conservation measures to reduce the need for additional utility distribution facilities in the future. Telecommunication & Internet Utilities Goal CF-G-16 Accommodate telecommunication and internet technologies and service providers by allowing systems development consistent with this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-16.1 Promote the widespread availability of telecommunications, broadband internet access, and similar technologies—especially for vulnerable populations—in cooperation with other public and private entities, to facilitate communication among members of the public, public institutions, and businesses. ▶ Policy CF-P-16.2 Require consolidation of antenna siting, transmission media, utility pole, fiber optic cable and trenching placement to minimize adverse aesthetic and environmental impacts. ▶ Policy CF-P-16.3 Support improvements to the telecommunications system which facilitate business, educational, and recreational activities and ensure that Jefferson County maintains a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining businesses. Electrical Utilities Goal CF-G-17 Encourage innovative and renewable forms of electricity, conservation of electricity, and efficient siting of electrical utilities infrastructure, consistent with this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ Policy CF-P-17.1 Accommodate additions and improvements to electric utility facilities which efficiently and equitably improve capacity, reliability, and resilience of regional electrical utility services, particularly when multiple jurisdictional benefits within the region can be achieved, and with a preference for non-polluting renewable energy systems. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 438 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Policy CF-P-17.2 Accommodate electrical distribution facilities as a permitted use in appropriate locations to ensure that land is available for the siting of electrical facilities. ▶ Policy CF-P-17.3 Support PUD energy conservation implementation and climate mitigation with appropriate permit procedures, and potential development incentives as they are affordable. ▶ Policy CF-P-17.4 Work with energy utilities to improve the safety and reliability of infrastructure vulnerable to climate change. ▶ Policy CF-P-17.5 Coordinate with electricity providers to expand the EV charging network and increase grid capacity to support charging. 8.7 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 8-7 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Capital Facilities and Utilities Element over the next ten years (prior to the next periodic update), several in partnership with other entities: Exhibit 8-7 Capital Facilities, Essential Public Facilities, and Utilities Action Plan Action Description Capital Facility Plan Maintain a fiscally constrained Capital Facility Plan for the 6-year period; conduct planning level reviews of facility needs and future revenues. Update it as needed at the time of budget. Implement guidance and action strategies for capital facility projects per the Capital Facility Plan Technical Appendix D. Essential Public Facilities Review the JCIA Master Plan 2014, as amended, for development regulations, e.g. height, non-aviation supporting uses, etc. Utilities Support JPUD energy conservation and broadband implementation with appropriate permit procedures, and potential development incentives as they are affordable (e.g., energy conservation above and beyond State Energy Code may receive some development incentives in UGAs). Pursue state and federal funds as they may become available. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. CAPITAL FACILITIES & UTILITIES Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 439 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 440 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 9 Climate 9.1 PURPOSE The purpose of the Climate Element is to enhance Jefferson County’s resilience to climate change and climate change impacts. The Climate Element is a new addition to this comprehensive Plan as part of the 2025 periodic update. This element follows GMA requirements (Chapter 36.70A RCW) introduced in 2023 by Washington House Bill (HB) 1181, which call for cities and counties to integrate climate change policies into all future comprehensive plan updates to this Comprehensive Plan. The GMA sets the following goals for climate change and resiliency: Ensure that comprehensive plans, development regulations, and regional policies, plans, and strategies adapt to and mitigate the effects of a changing climate; support reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and per capita vehicle miles traveled; prepare for climate impact scenarios; foster resiliency to climate impacts and natural hazards; protect and enhance environmental, economic, and human health and safety; and advance environmental justice. (RCW 36.70A.070(9)) Carolyn Gallaway This element supports the Vision Statement by enhancing County resiliency to climate change impacts, protecting ecosystems, natural and working lands, infrastructure, and community and cultural wellbeing; it also works to reduce future emissions that contribute to a changing climate. Goals and policies in this element seek to address current climate change impacts and assess future needs of the County, and how to prepare for these changes while maintaining a thriving Jefferson County. Connection to the Vision Statement [This is a new element proposed as part of the 2025 Periodic Update.] CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 441 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County is required to develop a Climate Resilience element that equitably enhances resiliency to, and avoid or substantially reduce the adverse impacts of, climate change in human communities and ecological systems. This includes identifying, protecting and enhancing natural areas and community resiliency, and addressing natural hazards that are created or aggravated by climate change. The Climate Element must also meet the following resilience requirements: ▶ Requirement 1: Address natural hazards created or aggravated by climate change, including sea level rise, landslides, flooding, drought, heat, smoke, wildfire, and other effects of changes to temperature and precipitation patterns; ▶ Requirement 2: Identify, protect, and enhance natural areas to foster climate resilience, as well as areas of vital habitat for safe species migration; and ▶ Requirement 3: Identify, protect, and enhance community resilience to climate impacts, including social, economic, and built- environment factors, which support adaptation to climate impacts consistent with environmental justice. A key component of the Climate Element is promoting equitable climate outcomes for community members, as not all climate impacts are experienced equally. Vulnerable populations are defined by HB 1181 as groups that are more likely to be at higher risk for poor health outcomes in response to environmental harms, which could be due to adverse socioeconomic factors (e.g., high housing and transportation costs relative to income, limited access to nutritious food and adequate health care, linguistic isolation, and other factors that negatively affect health outcomes and increase vulnerability to the effects of environmental harms). The Climate Element also seeks to promote equitable outcomes for historically marginalized communities which include but are not limited to native and Indigenous peoples, people of color, immigrants and refugees, people with low incomes, those with disabilities and health conditions, and people with limited English proficiency. In alignment with these goals and requirements, the Climate Element addresses key climate issues facing the Jefferson County community to help build community resilience to climate change impacts. Jefferson County is not required to include a greenhouse gas (GHG) sub-element; however, building off existing County climate planning efforts, the Climate Element includes general strategies to reduce GHG emissions, as is consistent with the county’s GHG emissions reduction goal. The issues in the Climate Element are complex and dynamic, and several other elements in this Comprehensive Plan interact with the Climate Element: CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 442 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Land Use Element. Assesses current and future land uses in Jefferson County, preserving rural lands and character, communities, natural spaces, and resource lands while meeting community growth and other needs. Land use and specifically land preservation can be used to enhance climate resiliency and sequester carbon. See the Land Use Element for specific land use policies. ▶ Environment Element. Protects a variety of environmental landscapes, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions in the county. Healthy, functioning ecosystems can provide resiliency against climate impacts and work to mitigate against future climate impacts. See the Environment Element for specific environmental protection policies. ▶ Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Element. Protects and expands parks and open spaces to provide for long-term agriculture and sustainable silviculture as well as greater visual and direct access to open spaces for county residents and visitors. Encourages historical and cultural preservation. Open Spaces and parks provide carbon sequestration opportunities and can help mitigate against climate impacts such as extreme heat and flooding. See the Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Element for specific policies. ▶ Transportation Element. Identifies opportunities to enhance transportation system reliability and promotes multi modal transportation development that can reduce GHG emissions. See the Transportation Element for specific policies. ▶ Natural Resources Element. Protects and enhances the function of county natural resource lands, bolstering resiliency and future yields. See Natural Resources Element for specific policies. The Climate Element was developed through a planning process that included a baseline assessment of climate impacts and climate vulnerabilities (see Appendix F Vulnerability Assessment) and an engagement process that included working with the Jefferson County / Port Townsend Climate Action Committee, broader community engagement via this Comprehensive Plan update, and additional engagement touchpoints (see Appendix F Engagement Plan). 9.2 TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES This section provides an overview of climate impacts and climate vulnerability across Jefferson County, with more details in the Vulnerability Assessment (Appendix F). CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 443 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Climate Impacts Jefferson County, like the broader Puget Sound region and Olympic Peninsula, is already experiencing the effects of climate change, including rising temperatures with more frequent heat events, coastal impacts and sea level rise, drought, heavy winter rainfall with increased risk of flooding, and prolonged wildfire smoke episodes. These impacts are projected to intensify, with their severity depending on global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the ability of the county to adapt to the projected impacts. ▶ Temperature and Extreme Heat: Jefferson County's average temperature increased by 1.7°F on average between 1895 and 2024.126 Historically, the county is known for mild summers, however summer temperatures have been warming and are expected to continue warming with climate change. The county has experienced an increase in summer temperatures particularly in more populated areas (Exhibit 9-1). Compared to the 1952–2004 baseline, Jefferson County’s average daily maximum temperature could increase up to 8.3°F by 2100.127 This warming trend is expected to result in an increase in hot days. By 2100, the county could experience an average of 29 additional days with a maximum humidex of 90°F, relative to the 1980–2009 baseline of 2.3 days.128 ▶ Coastal Impacts and Sea Level Rise: Sea level rise in the Salish Sea has already increased by 0.17 feet between 1972 and 2024 due to climate-related and non-climate related drivers such as glacier and ice sheet melting, thermal expansion of seawater, and vertical land movement.129 The sea level at the Hoh Indian Reservation, Quinault Indian Nation, and in the Port Townsend UGA, could rise as high as 2 feet by 2060 or 5 feet by 2100.130 ▶ Drought: Although the Olympic Peninsula is renowned for its high rainfall, Jefferson County faces frequent precipitation drought and occasional snowpack drought conditions. Eastern Jefferson County deals with more drought conditions than the western areas of the county due to the shadow rain effect, however, dry conditions occur throughout the county.131 Summer precipitation may decrease 16% by 2100, increasing dry conditions and risk of 126 NOAA, National Centers for Environmental Information. 127 U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit Climate Explorer, 2023. 128 Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012; Raymond, 2022. 129 Miller, 2018; NOAA; Raymond, 2022 130 ESA, 2023. 131 National Integrated Drought Information System. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 444 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 drought.132 The projected reductions in summer precipitation can worsen drought conditions, affecting local ecosystems and water resources, as well as soil moisture conditions, which are projected to decrease during the summer months.133 Further, the county is expected to lose glaciers by 2070 and see a decrease in annual snowpack.134 There is a 63% likelihood that the April 1st snowpack will fall below 75% of normal levels by 2100.135 ▶ Heavy Winter Rainfall: Winter precipitation could increase 14% on average by 2100, indicating wetter winters that can saturate soils and increase the risk of landslides and erosion.136 Heavy precipitation can lead to impassible roadways and flooding in populated areas as well as riverine flooding. Maximum streamflow in the Hoh River Watershed and the Queets River near Clearwater, for example, could increase on average up to 64% and 39%, respectively, by the end of the century.137 ▶ Smoke & Wildfire: Across the northwest, warmer temperatures and drier summers lead to more severe and frequent wildfires,138 resulting in poorer air quality. The county may experience on average up to 10 additional “high fire danger” days per year by 2050.139 In addition to an increase of high-risk days, the fire season will also likely begin earlier and end later.140 Exhibit 9-1 Change in Summer Surface Temperatures (2013–2023) 132 Hegewisch, n.d. 133 Krosby, 2018. 134 Fountain, 2021; Raymond, 2022. 135 Chegwidden, 2017; Raymond, 2022. 136 Rogers & Mauger, 2021. 137 Krosby, 2018; Raymond, 2022. 138 Halofsky, Peterson, & Harvey, 2020. 139 Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012; Raymond, 2022. 140 Dye, 2024. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 445 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: Increase in temperature is shown in orange and decrease is shown in purple. Source: BERK, 2025. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 446 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Climate Vulnerability The following sectors will be impacted by climate change and require resilience measures to ensure the Jefferson County community and surrounding environment continue to thrive. Public Health Climate change has direct health implications for Jefferson County community members, including heatwaves and worsening air quality. Vulnerable populations with pre-existing mental and physical health conditions, and individuals with socio-demographic risk factors are especially vulnerable to climate impacts. Lower-income community members and those without health insurance are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they may be less able to access resources during climate events. In addition to health of the general population, public health infrastructure is also vulnerable to these climate impacts, for example if facilities, transportation routes, and emergency communications are directly affected or overwhelmed due to climate events. There is high risk to human health from hotter temperatures which may accumulate in urban areas, like Port Townsend, in south Jefferson County, and in regions with higher concentrations of vulnerable populations. These vulnerable populations that have increased risk from high heat and poor air quality include: ▶ Children and youth can have increased difficulty regulating body temperature, identifying signs of heat-related illness, and may be more sensitive to health conditions associated with high heat. Children are more sensitive to wildfire smoke because they are still developing, breathe more air per pound of body weight, and tend to spend more time outdoors.141 ▶ Outdoor workers due to their increased exposure to the elements. ▶ Unhoused and underhoused residents, who may lack shelter or have inadequate housing. ▶ Pregnant people, who are at greater risk for heat exhaustion and heat stroke, and more sensitive to poor air quality due to increased respiration. ▶ People with pre-existing health conditions (e.g., heart disease and hypertension), lower-income residents, and/or people without health insurance. 141 Jefferson County, 2024. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 447 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ The county’s above-average proportion of residents aged 65 and older (see Exhibit 9-2).142 Exhibit 9-2 Percent of the Population Age 65 or Older in Jefferson County (2022) 142 CDC, 2024; Jefferson County, 2024. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 448 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Note: Darker shades indicate higher proportion of population over 65 years old. Sources: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022; BERK, 2024. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 449 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Climate events like flooding can also impact access to services. For example, flooding may isolate community members in rural areas and those without access to vehicles, could cut off access to routine or emergency care if floods damage transportation routes, and may cause flooded facilities to scale back care or temporarily shutter operations. Access disruptions may especially affect those who require regular or emergency care, individuals who are under 18 or over 65, and individuals with disabilities. Sea level rise compounds tsunami inundation risk, which could triple flood exposure along the Washington Coast by 2100.143 While the entire west end of Jefferson County faces tsunami and sea level rise risks, the Hoh Indian Tribe is particularly susceptible as 100% of the reservation lies within the current tsunami zone.144 An expanded tsunami flood zone will further put Tribal members at risk, potentially cutting off more evacuation and emergency response routes. Jefferson County can improve public health resilience by: ▶ Leveraging and expanding cooling and clean air centers and investing in alternatives such as weatherization programs and education campaigns. ▶ Developing flood plans for public health infrastructure, including relocation plans (e.g., health care facilities, emergency operations, hospitals). ▶ Locating new facilities or investments outside of flood prone and other areas vulnerable to climate impacts. ▶ Expanding climate-related health initiatives. Economy & Resource Lands Healthy forests, opportunities to connect with nature in natural areas and parks, and conservation of other resource lands are critical to Jefferson County’s economy. Economic impacts of climate change can also include effects on fishing. Fishing is foundational to Tribal culture, way of life, and makes up an important part of many Tribal members’ livelihoods. It also drives tourism and is highly threatened by future low flows, warm river waters, and acidifying oceans. Additionally, forest preservation can provide opportunities for the county to sequester carbon (see Exhibit 9-3 with tree canopy coverage in Jefferson County). The county has a variety of outdoor recreation opportunities including the Olympic National Park and Forest, 10 State Parks, and over 20 county parks. Jefferson County’s forests and wildlands are vulnerable to 143 Dura et al., 2025. 144 DNR, 2021. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 450 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 wildfire risks due to warming temperatures and drier summers, for example when dry vegetation increases the amount of fuel in timber and recreation areas. Hotter and drier summers are also likely to increase pine bark beetle infestations, which can cause tree deaths and increase risk from wildfires.145 Increased wildfire and wildfire smoke will impact recreation to these open space lands and could drive disruptions in the tourism and recreation industries, which delivers enormous economic benefits for communities across the Olympic Peninsula. The economic impacts of tourism to Jefferson County in 2023 were $148.9 million in direct visitor spending, generating $47 million in direct labor income and $14.1 million in direct state and local taxes.146 Jefferson County’s other major economic sectors are natural resource-based, including timber harvest. Working Forests estimates that there are over 289,000 acres of working forestland in Jefferson County, with $33 million in wages from specialized jobs supported by private forestry, and $3.9 million in taxes and fees returned to state and local agencies.147 Jefferson County can improve resilience for its economy and resources lands by: ▶ Implementing wildfire prevention and protection planning. ▶ Protecting and establishing resource lands to maintain Jefferson County’s economy and reduce climate vulnerabilities. ▶ Protecting forest lands to enhance climate resiliency, reduce emissions, and act as carbon sinks. Exhibit 9-3 Tree Canopy Coverage in Western and Eastern Jefferson County (2021) 145 Petersen S. B., 2015. 146 (Olympic Peninsula Tourism Bureau, 2023). 147 Working Forests, n.d. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 451 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: BERK, 2025. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 452 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Built Infrastructure Jefferson County’s infrastructure, including roads, buildings, and critical facilities, faces significant vulnerabilities to sea level rise, wildfires, and flooding. Housing, transportation networks, and essential facilities, including emergency services and county-owned buildings are all at high risk from these climate hazards. Wildfires and flooding threaten homes and public facilities, while roads, bridges, and highways are increasingly susceptible to flooding and sea level rise, disrupting transportation and emergency response. The Jefferson County Sea-Level Rise Study identified risks to critical assets, including FD1 – Wally Westergaard Station, FD4 – Fire Headquarters, FD7 – Clear Water, the Jefferson County Sheriff Station and Brinnon Elementary School as being located in areas at risk of flooding under certain sea level rise scenarios (see Exhibit 9-4). Their locations put them at risk of operational disruptions during coastal flood events due to limited or inaccessibility, potentially delaying emergency response, impacting essential services, and threatening community safety. Quilcene Schools’ recreational and sports facilities and the Quilcene Community Center are also close to the flood hazard zone, meaning they are also increasingly vulnerable to flooding. Exhibit 9-4 Major Transportation Routes and Public Facilities at Risk of Sea Level Rise and Flooding in Jefferson County Asset Type Flooding Coastal or Riverine Data Source Brinnon Elementary School School 100-Year Flood Hazard Riverine VA Figure 14 Quilcene School Recreational and Sports Facility 5-foot sea level rise Coastal ESA 2023 County Shop Upper Hoh County Owned Facility 100-Year Flood Hazard Riverine VA Figure 39 FD1 – Wally Westergaard Station (Chimacum) Fire Station 100-Year Flood Hazard Riverine VA Figure 37 FD4 – Fire Headquarters (Brinnon) Fire Station 5-foot sea level rise Coastal VA Figure 14 FD1 – Station 8 (SR 104/Shine Road) Fire Station 100-Year Flood Hazard Coastal VA Figure 38 FD7 – Clear Water Fire Station 100-Year Flood Hazard Riverine VA Figure 39 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 453 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County Sheriff Station in Forks (Clearwater) Police Station 100-Year Flood Hazard Riverine VA Figure 39 Highway 101 – coast and Puget Sound Road 100-Year Flood Hazard (numerous stretches) Coastal ESA 2023 State Route 104/Shine Road Road 5-foot sea level rise Coastal VA Figure 38 State Route 116 (connection to Indian and Marrowstone Islands) Road 100-Year Flood Hazard Coastal ESA 2023 State Route 20 (connects Discovery Bay and Port Townsend) Road 100-Year Flood Hazard Coastal ESA 2023 Upper Hoh Road *Not a major transportation route, combined County and Federal asset Road 100-Year Flood Hazard Riverine VA Figure 39 Note: VA = Vulnerability Assessment (see Appendix F). Sources: ESA, 2023; Jefferson County GIS, 2025. Built infrastructure in the county is also vulnerable to wildfire impacts, including some Jefferson County businesses, major highways that traverse wildlands, and the 10,475 Jefferson County households located near wildlands.148 Jefferson County can improve built infrastructure resilience by: ▶ Implementing sea level rise adaptation strategies, such as elevating or waterproofing structures and infrastructure, elevating property grades, relocating infrastructure to higher elevations, and avoiding building in areas likely to flood. ▶ Maintaining county bridge strength to support resilience to flooding. ▶ Implementing existing wildfire protection planning. ▶ Implementing transit-focused climate strategies. Water Systems Jefferson County’s stormwater and wastewater infrastructure is vulnerable to inland flooding, heavy precipitation events, coastal flooding, and sea level rise. Water infrastructure (e.g., stormwater and wastewater treatment systems and water transmission lines) is especially vulnerable in low-lying and urban areas and coastal areas that rely on on-site sewage systems. The water supply can be 148 NODC, 2015. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 454 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 particularly impacted by drought conditions that may be exacerbated by warmer temperatures, reduced snowpacks, and increased water demand. Local health jurisdictions will need to identify on-site sewage systems that will impacted by sea level rise (per WAC 246-272A). Currently nearly 4 miles of wastewater pipelines throughout the county are exposed to the 100-year flood,149 while sea level rise will further increase the exposure to wastewater lines.150 Increased flooding and precipitation could damage systems and reduce capacity, exposing up to 1,053 additional on-site sewage systems to flooding risks.151 See Exhibit 9-5 for a map of flood hazards in Quilcene Bay based on the amount of sea level rise. Exhibit 9-5 Flood Hazard Mapping of Different Levels of Sea Level in Quilcene Bay 149 ESA, 2023. 150 ESA, 2023 151 ESA, 2023. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 455 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: ESA, Jefferson County Sea Level Rise Study, 2023 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 456 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County can improve stormwater, wastewater, and water supply resilience by: ▶ Implementing regional stormwater and wastewater improvement plans. ▶ Conducting comprehensive river restoration and flood mitigation planning based on river-specific flood hazards, protection of Tribal Treaty Rights, and relevant Endangered Species Act listings. ▶ Developing long-term strategies to acquire and restore floodplain properties, such as those efforts being implemented in Brinnon, and Big Quilcene. Agriculture & Food Systems Multiple climate hazards may impact agriculture production and food systems in Jefferson County, at both the local and regional level. Increased annual temperatures, extreme heat exposure, reduction in water supply, and changes in precipitation can affect the growing season and crop production. The county has about 8,717 acres of land in farming 152 and has zoned nearly 7,490 acres as agricultural. Exhibit 9-6 shows the agriculture resource lands within the county. Farmland is sensitive to drought and heatwaves, conditions that can increase pests, diseases, and demand for water, while reducing crop yields and soil quality. High heat and poor air quality also impact the county’s farm and outdoor workers who have increased exposure to these climate hazards. Exhibit 9-6 Agricultural Resource Lands in Jefferson County (2024) 152 Census of Agriculture, 2022. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 457 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: USDA NRCS, 2024; Jefferson County, 2025; BERK, 2025. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 458 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County can improve agriculture and food system resilience by: ▶ Building on existing County planning to continue protecting agricultural systems and their economies. ▶ Protecting farmland through future food systems planning. ▶ Supporting permanent protections for farmland such as land trusts. ▶ Investing in food from local farms for schools, food banks and other community needs. ▶ Educating farm owners and agricultural workers on extreme heat and wildfire smoke safety. ▶ Managing water supply for agriculture through water systems planning. Natural Environment & Ecosystems Jefferson County has a rich variety of ecosystems from shorelines, forests, and mountain ranges to freshwater habitats, and shrublands. Climate change impacts such as drought, extreme heat, and ocean acidification challenge each of these ecosystems. For example, changing conditions may make some ecosystems more susceptible to wildfire, whereas others may be more threatened by invasive species and impacts from human development. Threats to Jefferson County ecosystems also affect Tribal livelihoods, Treaty protected resources, and Tribal way of life. Additional impacts include: ▶ High temperatures may decrease tree canopy coverage. ▶ High temperatures may cause trees to be more vulnerable to invasive pests. ▶ Warmer temperatures will mean more winter precipitation falls as rain instead of snow (see Exhibit 9-7). ▶ Sea level rise (SLR) and warming ocean temperatures will impact the county’s coastline, wildlife, and infrastructure. ▶ Ocean acidification will impact marine ecosystems, wildlife, and food systems. Exhibit 9-7 Historic and Future Air (Shading) and Stream (Dots) Temperature Throughout the Olympics and the Impact of Temperature on Salmon CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 459 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Source: Peterson et al., 2015. Jefferson County can improve natural environment and ecosystem resilience by: ▶ Utilizing green infrastructure such as soft shoreline armoring and permeable surfaces. ▶ Restoring floodplains, river channels and surface and groundwater sources to increase the resilience of natural floodplains and ecosystem. ▶ Collaborating with the agriculture community to prevent soil erosion and soil organic carbon loss, improve ecosystem and water quality, increase carbon sequestration, and encourage peat soil retention in stream corridors such as Beaver and Chimacum drainages. ▶ Developing management strategies to address invasive species, such as Scotch Broom and Japanese Knotweed, that can destabilize riparian areas and contribute to increased wildfire. ▶ Protecting natural marine ecosystem processes to support native biodiversity and increase resilience to climate impacts such as water chemistry changes that harm marine ecosystems and their ability to support marine-based food sources for humans, including shellfish and kelp. ▶ Expanding tree canopy coverage to promote resilience. ▶ Incentivizing forest management techniques to improve carbon sequestration and increase fire resistance. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 460 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 9.3 CLIMATE PLAN Jefferson County has an extensive list of existing climate efforts that seek to integrate resilience and GHG mitigation efforts into County programs and operations. The Climate Element of the 2025 Comprehensive Plan aims to build on these prior efforts by adopting climate change goals and policies for the county while also complying with the GMA requirements. This element builds on past planning efforts by strengthening existing goals and policies, where needed, and adding new goals and policies to address identified gaps. In addition to reviewing existing related plans and policies, the Climate Element engaged the Jefferson County / Port Townsend Climate Action Committee (CAC) to further identify climate priorities, current work, and existing gaps. The CAC was engaged throughout the Climate Element development process. Additionally, the county held the Jefferson County Climate Summit in May of 2024, where County staff and leadership across departments worked to catalogue existing and coordinate future climate work. The CAC and Climate Summit identified a need to integrate equity and vulnerable population considerations throughout the element, increased agriculture and food systems security and resilience, and increased coordination across Jefferson County departments to tackle climate change impacts and reduce emissions. The Climate Element goals and policies are organized by key sectors to target resiliency and GHG reduction across County operations. Sectors were selected using Washington Department of Commerce guidance and aligned with Jefferson County priorities. The key sectors in the Climate Element are: ▶ Zoning and development ▶ Water resources ▶ Ecosystems ▶ Cultural resources and practices ▶ Agriculture and food systems ▶ Emergency management ▶ Transportation ▶ Communication and collaborations CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 461 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 9.4 GOALS & POLICIES The goals outlined below provide a general direction for building climate resilience in Jefferson County across sectors, including zoning and development, water resources, ecosystems, cultural resources and practices, agriculture resources and food systems, buildings and energy, emergency management and community well-being, transportation, and communications and collaboration. These goals are based on the requirements of HB 1181, which outlines specific criteria for addressing climate hazards that Jefferson County currently experiences and that are expected to worsen in the future. The Climate Element policies intersect with other Comprehensive Plan Elements and additional climate resilience policies are cross-referenced at the beginning of each sector. Zoning & Development The zoning and development sector includes goals and policies that support growth and development while addressing the challenges posed by climate change, such as drought, sea level rise, and increased precipitation and flooding, while facilitating greenhouse gas reductions and carbon sequestration as practical. Goal CE-G-1 Utilize land use planning, conservation, restoration, and comprehensive river restoration and flood management strategies to minimize the occurrence and impacts of climate hazards, such as flooding and wildfire, including relocating existing infrastructure located in flood prone and inundation areas while restoring natural floodplain functions. Policy CE-P-1.1 Evaluate flood control structures based on increased risks of flooding due to changes in the annual hydrological cycle and more severe peak flow events, and concomitant impacts on ecological functions and processes. ▶ Evaluate opportunities to remove, redesign, or relocate flood control structures such as levees and dams and restore natural floodplain functions, to mitigate flooding impacts and risk, improve ecosystem health (such as salmon habitat restoration), improve resilience to climate stressors, reduce adverse shoreline ecological impacts, and protect treaty rights and resources. Additional zoning and development policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 5.2. LU-P-7.1, LU-P-7.2, LU- P-7.6, LU-P-7.8, LU-P-8.1, LU-P-8.5, LU-P-16.2, LU-P- 17.2, LU-P-19.2, LU-P-23.6, LU-P-32.3, and LU-P-34.10 ▶ Housing: Policies HS-P- 2.1 and HS-P-2.18 ▶ Open Spaces: Policy OS- P-2.5 ▶ Environment: Policy EN- P-6.2 ▶ Capital Facilities & Utilities: Policies CF-P-4.4 and CF-P-9.1.c CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 462 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Allow the construction of new flood control structures only where there is a documented need to protect an existing structure and mitigation is applied. Policy CE-P-1.2 Adopt fire-resilience design and performance standards for new and redeveloped sites in high-risk wildfire areas. Encourage new development in areas where exposure to climate hazards is low. Policy CE-P-1.3 Develop information and action plans regarding impacts to land use from climate change, including protecting or moving infrastructure from inundation areas; review of hydrologic budgets and water impoundment and conservation measures to adapt to changing precipitation patterns; and protection of water quality from seawater intrusion or other pollutants to drinking water quality. Goal CE-G-2 Establish land use patterns and development practices that increase the resilience of the built environment, ecosystems and natural ecosystem processes, and communities to climate change. Policy CE-P-2.1 Discourage new or expanded development, including subdivisions, that would require flood control structures due to their location at or near a stream, channel migration zone, flood-prone area, or an area at risk of flooding or sea level rise due to climate change. The use of new flood control measures should be limited to: ▶ Maintain resilience of ecosystems to sea level rise and flooding due to climate change. ▶ Reduce flood occurrences that damage existing buildings and homes. ▶ Support economical options, both planning and grants, for relocation where flood control measures would otherwise be the only option. Policy CE-P-2.2 Address rising sea water and flooding risks by planning, siting, and relocating hazardous industries and essential public services away from the 500-year floodplain. For all affected areas, consider sea level rise projections, and develop codes that require the bottom of a structure’s foundation be located higher than the level of expected future sea-level rise for flood hazard protection. Minimize the potential for shoreline developments that result in significant vegetation removal, structural shore armoring, or a net loss of shoreline ecological functions and processes at the time of development. Policy CE-P-2.3 Encourage the planning, designing, and locating of new utility installations away from flood hazard zones to eliminate the need for structural shoreline armoring or flood hazard reduction measures. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 463 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-2.4 When appropriate, utilize pervious materials and low impact development techniques to improve soil and geologic conditions to reduce stormwater runoff and storm surges, increase aquifer recharge, and reduce impacts of increased flooding and runoff. Policy CE-P-2.5 Develop programs such as Transfer of Development Rights to create a market solution using urban growth area density and compact development to protect rural lands and resource areas from conversion and to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Policy CE-P-2.6 Identify and map areas in the county that are likely to face increased flooding due to climate change, based on repetitive historical flooding and surface water drainage obstructions and those that significantly impede natural floodplain functions. Provide options (such as DNR programs) to voluntarily sell properties over time. Restore these areas to natural conditions to address wetland and habitat loss, riverine flooding, and sea level rise. Policy CE-P-2.7 Review and update Critical Area Ordinances regularly to utilize best available science in water management and zoning decisions and protect treaty rights and resources. Watershed management should consider salmon recovery plans, and conservation of the natural environment. Watershed management should also consider protection of surface and groundwater, agricultural usage, drinking water supplies, and fish habitats during times of extreme precipitation (flooding and drought). Policy CE-P-2.8 Consider zoning and land use requirements that minimize the reliance on motor vehicles to reduce vehicle miles traveled and GHG emissions. See also Policy LU-P-36.4 in the Land Use Element CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 464 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Water Resources The water resources sector includes goals and policies that preserve water quality and quantity while addressing the challenges posed by climate change, such as drought, reduced snowpack, sea level rise, and increased precipitation and flooding. Goal CE-G-3 Manage water resources and systems that seek to protect and preserve water quality and quantity from drought, extreme heat, and other hazards exacerbated by climate change. Policy CE-P-3.1 Utilize the best available climate science and promote floodplain connectivity where feasible to ensure adequate aquifer recharge and water quality. Collaborate with other agencies and utility districts to ensure on-going water conservation and protection of sources and review existing aquifer recharge areas and possible vulnerabilities to future climate change impacts. Policy CE-P-3.2 Ensure the location, construction, operation, and maintenance of all current and future land uses and developments maintains or enhances the quantity and quality of surface and ground water over the long term to protect future water supplies from the increased risk of drought due to climate change. Policy CE-P-3.3 Develop and implement a comprehensive drought response plan that sets action levels for different drought strategies and is implementable across the county. Policy CE-P-3.4 Include climate science and projects in developing water usage standards for new water rights across natural resource industries (mining, forestry, agriculture, livestock) to ensure adequate quality and quantity of water is available for all uses, and water conservation strategies are implemented. Utilize water banking in areas most at risk of drought and water shortages. Policy CE-P-3.5 Encourage education and outreach to residents and businesses regarding water conservation and rainwater collection strategies. Additional water resources policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Capital Facilities and Utilities: Policies CF-P-5.2 and CF-P-5.10 ▶ Land Use: Policies LU P- 8.1, LU-G-10, LU-P-10.2, LU-P-11.4, LU-P-34.10, and LU-P-34.4 ▶ Natural Resources: Policies NR-P-6.3, NR-P- 8.3, and NR-P-8.6 ▶ Environment: Policies EN-G-1, EN-P-1.1, and EN- P-6.1 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 465 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal CE-G-4 Utilize and update flood maps, climate science, and hazard mitigation strategies to ensure climate change is considered in stormwater management and planning. Policy CE-P-4.1 Utilize stormwater management, including cooperating with relevant agencies, to mitigate impacts on built and natural features including residential developments and floodplains. Mitigation strategies should ensure the safety of infrastructure and protection of ecosystems. Policy CE-P-4.2 Utilize existing policies and agencies to increase the resilience of stormwater infrastructure to flooding. Include community- based flood hazard management planning and water conservation priorities and consider current and future water needs. Goal CE-G-5 Encourage the use of green infrastructure and nature-based solutions for water resources management. Where feasible, require use of green infrastructure and low-impact development to address increased storm intensities and stormwater runoff. Policy CE-P-5.1 Ensure that the county’s codes support stormwater management plans, infrastructure designs, and operation and maintenance standards to account for projections in increased precipitation, storm intensities, duration, and stormwater runoff volumes as well as drought conditions. Policy CE-P-5.2 Utilize natural protective measures such as retaining native plants and protecting existing natural resources to recharge groundwater, reduce flooding impacts, improve water quality, and minimize drought severity. Policy CE-P-5.3 Ensure green infrastructure and low-impact development requirements do not disproportionately increase costs for low-income homeowners or small businesses. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 466 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Ecosystems The ecosystems sector includes goals and policies that seek to protect natural resources and ecosystems vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as extreme precipitation and flooding, drought, erosion, and wildfires. Goal CE-G-6 Ensure the protection of and support the recovery of ecosystems functions and values to provide functioning habitats in a changing climate. Policy CE-P-6.1 Prioritize the protection of natural systems and processes, including public open spaces and natural areas, forests, wetlands, fish and wildlife habitats, streams, the Pacific Ocean, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and Hood Canal. Policy CE-P-6.2 Preserve existing forested habitats and support expansion of forest areas to increase carbon sequestration for the county by promoting best management practices and voluntary open space conservation that protect critical areas in development regulations related to on-site sewer systems, forest management, agricultural practices, industry, and other development. Policy CE-P-6.3 Encourage the location, design, and maintenance of flood control structures, when proven necessary, in a manner that: ▶ Minimizes adverse effects on shoreline ecology. ▶ Is compatible with navigation and recreation, especially in shorelines of statewide significance; provided, that public safety and ecological protection are fully addressed. ▶ Incorporates native vegetation and natural materials to enhance ecological functions, create more natural areas , improve ecological processes, and provides more flexibility for long-term shoreline management. ▶ Encourages nonregulatory methods to protect, enhance, and restore shoreline ecological functions and processes and other shoreline resources as an alternative to flood control structures. Nonregulatory methods may include public facility and resource planning, land or easement acquisition, education, voluntary protection and habitat restoration or enhancement projects, or incentive programs. ▶ Is resilient to the potential for more intense or frequent flooding impacts due to climate change, and where necessary, worsening flooding impacts combined with potential sea level rise impacts. Policy CE-P-6.4 Protect saltwater habitat from threats from climate change impacts. Additional ecosystems policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 7.1, LU-P-7.6, LU-P-7.8, LU- P-8.5, and LU-P-23.6 ▶ Environment: Policies EN-P-2.4, EN-P-6.2, EN-P- 6.3, EN-P-6.4, EN-P-6.5, and EN-P-7.3 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 467 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal CE-G-7 Protect the health and resilience of the county’s streams and rivers and implement efforts to mitigate climate change impacts such as flooding and drought. Policy CE-P-7.1 Increase aquatic habitat resilience to low summer flows by protecting natural systems processes and supporting ecological restoration efforts that promote increasing water residence time, storing water on the landscape, conserving water, protecting groundwater, keeping waters cool, and protecting water quality. Policy CE-P-7.2 Protect and restore streams, riparian zones, estuaries, wetlands, shorelines, floodplains and their ecological functions to achieve healthy watersheds, ecosystems, and habitats that are resilient to climate change. Policy CE-P-7.3 Implement actions identified in restoration and salmon recovery plans to address flood control structures, particularly undersized culverts that negatively impact Treaty resources; and improve the climate resilience of streams and other aquatic resources within the county’s watersheds. Goal CE-G-8 Encourage forest canopy cover in urban and rural areas with native tree species to reduce wildfire risk, sequester carbon, improve air quality, and reduce surface temperatures for humans and wildlife. Policy CE-P-8.1 Increase and protect existing native tree canopy coverage to reduce neighborhood temperatures, prioritizing frontline and at-risk communities most vulnerable to climate change. The county should explore drought resistant species with minimal impact to infrastructure and offer maximum shade within the urban growth area. Policy CE-P-8.2 Ensure the ongoing protection, management, and maintenance of native trees and forests to ensure healthy, wildfire resistant forests. ▶ Implement incentives and programs to maintain open space buffers to protect habitats, land, and property against increasingly frequent and intense wildfires due to climate change. ▶ Utilize prescribed/controlled burns, to minimize the risk of large wildfires exacerbated by climate change. ▶ Support efforts to increase carbon sequestration in Jefferson County forests. ▶ Protect forest health and improve fire safety by protecting sensitive ecosystems and their vegetated areas. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 468 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Cultural Resource & Practices The cultural resources and practices sector includes goals and policies that seek to protect valued cultural and historic resources vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as extreme precipitation and flooding, erosion, and wildfires. Goal CE-G-9 Protect and preserve valued cultural and historic resources at risk to climate change impacts. Policy CE-P-9.1 Consult and work with communities, agencies, and Tribes to identify and protect important historical or cultural sites and natural resources risk of being impacted by climate change, such as coastal or inland flooding, tsunamis, erosion, and wildfires. Ensure that the cultural sites of Indigenous, Black, and other marginalized communities receive equal recognition and protection. Policy CE-P-9.2 Protect, enhance, and restore ecosystems, water resources, and water quality to fulfill Tribal treaty rights and conserve culturally important consumptive and non-consumptive resources, including foods, wildlife, salmon, medicinal plants, and materials that could be adversely impacted by climate change. Policy CE-P-9.3 Use farm and forest preservation programs, such as the Forest Stewardship Program, and other tools to preserve historic working lands, enhance resilience, and improve carbon sequestration. Agriculture & Food Systems The agriculture and food systems sector includes goals and policies that seek to promote climate resiliency against impacts such as extreme heat and drought. Goal CE-G-10 Support sustainable local and regional food system practices, infrastructure, agricultural workforce development, policy and code that improve Jefferson County’s resilience to climate change impacts. Policy CE-P-10.1 Increase local food security and support equitable food distribution and expansion of the food-related economy to address climate impacts and increase access to healthy, affordable, and climate-friendly foods. Policy CE-P-10.2 Preserve land for long-term agricultural use, recreation, open spaces, forestry, mineral resources, and other uses consistent with rural character. Additional agriculture and food systems policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 1.17, LU-P-25.2, and LU-P- 32.9, ▶ Natural Resources: Policies NR-P-8.2 and NR-P-8.6 ▶ Economic Development: Policy ED-P-6.4 Additional cultural resources and practices policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 1.16, LU-P-16.3, and LU-P- 19.2 ▶ Natural Resources: Policy NR-P-1.2 ▶ Environment: Policy EN- P-4.3 ▶ Historical & Cultural Preservation: Policies OS-P-3.4 and OS-P-5.7 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 469 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-10.3 Consistent with water management rules and laws, promote environmentally sustainable water-storage and farming policies and practices that help agricultural producers adapt to changing conditions and reduce production losses. Policy CE-P-10.4 Conserve existing agricultural lands and soils and support future agriculture needs through research, education, infrastructure, and investments that promote climate resiliency for the agriculture industry. Policy CE-P-10.5 Identify and support the creation of community gardens in suitable locations, including easements and properties owned by the county, in urban growth areas, or in LAMIRDs with a priority to locate in areas with overburdened communities. Policy CE-P-10.6 Work toward a countywide food system security and resilience action plan that includes planning for emergencies. Policy CE-P-10.7 Prioritizes sustainable agriculture and food systems practices and helps farmers and communities preserve food for year- round access and use, while serving vulnerable populations through incentives, policies and updated code. Policy CE-P-10.8 Support research, education and investments in climate adapted food system methods and infrastructure suited to Jefferson County’s soils, including collaborating with and capacity building of partners. Policy CE-P-10.9 Seek opportunities to reduce GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration in the agricultural sector. Buildings & Energy The buildings and energy sector includes policies to increase energy reliability and resilience, improve building energy efficiency and increase the sustainability and resilience of housing to climate impacts such as flooding, extreme heat, and wildfire. Additional buildings and energy policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Housing: Policies HS-P- 1.6, HS-P-1.7, HS-P-2.1, HS- P-2.18, HS-P-3.1, HS-P-3.2, and HS-P-4.5 ▶ Capital Facilities & Utilities: Policies CF-P- 17.1, CF-P-17.3, and CF-P- 17.4 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 470 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Goal CE-G-11 Increase renewable energy project development and improvements to provide jobs and clean, reliable electricity. Policy CE-P-11.1 Encourage and support the development, production, siting, installation, and use of renewable energy such as solar, wind, water, alternative fuels, and other innovative renewable sources. Prioritize locally owned and operated renewable energy sources, power production, and storage systems, consistent with land use development regulations. Avoid siting new renewable energy projects that would impact sensitive areas and species. Policy CE-P-11.2 Encourage existing power distribution systems to accommodate existing and future renewable energy projects and enhance power utilization and efficiency. Policy CE-P-11.3 Work with energy utilities to improve the safety and reliability of infrastructure vulnerable to climate change, and plan for outages. Policy CE-P-11.4 Encourage renewable energy workforce development opportunities for disadvantaged communities to prevent economic exclusion. Policy CE-P-11.5 Consult with local Tribes on all energy issues as their siting and development could affect both Tribal cultural and natural resources. Goal CE-G-12 Promote equitable, affordable, and sustainable housing options that enhance community resilience to climate change. Policy CE-P-12.1 Encourage collaboration between the county and housing and service agencies to support low-income, elderly, and/or BIPOC communities with home repairs, energy efficiency improvements, and weatherization to reduce energy demands and impacts of wildfire smoke, flooding, extreme temperatures, and other risks. Policy CE-P-12.2 Prioritize weatherization and housing quality improvement efforts in underserved areas of the county. Policy CE-P-12.3 Increase housing diversity and supply within urban growth areas in places that minimize harm to ecosystems, are at low risk for wildfire, and are outside of flood hazard areas. Policy CE-P-12.4 Increase affordability and sustainability of housing that allows for long-term economic stability and health of residents while increasing climate resilience and resource conservation. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 471 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-12.5 Explore opportunities to incentivize standards such as Built Green Washington, Low Impact Development, and/or LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) to reduce energy burdens and increase the resilience of buildings to climate change impacts. Goal CE-G-13 Seek opportunities to repurpose and renovate existing buildings, especially historic buildings, to reduce resource consumption and GHG emissions. Alternative uses for buildings can include housing and public spaces that provide shelter, warmth, or cooling during extreme weather. Policy CE-P-13.1 Develop high-heat and air quality resilience strategies such as providing public access to cooling and clean air centers, running high-heat and wildfire smoke awareness campaigns, and directing coordination efforts with local public health and emergency service providers. Policy CE-P-13.2 Prioritize the preservation and weatherization including passive cooling options of housing in overburdened communities, particularly at higher densities, to reduce emissions and increase resilience. Policy CE-P-13.3 Promote salvage, deconstruction, and recycling of construction and demolition debris. Policy CE-P-13.4 Incentivize community replacement of woodstoves and fossil fuel heating with heat pumps or similar technology to provide resilience for high-heat and poor air quality and reduce emissions. Goal CE-G-14 Prioritize developments that use technological and passive strategies to mitigate harm to public health, safety, and welfare, especially those caused or amplified by climate change. Policy CE-P-14.1 Develop inventories of buildings and infrastructure at risk to climate change impacts such as sea level rise and increased precipitation. Prioritize mitigation projects that relocate critical infrastructure out of the inundation zone or 100-year flood plains. Policy CE-P-14.2 Design buildings for passive survivability to ensure that they will stay at a safe temperature for occupants if the power goes out. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 472 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-14.3 Encourage or incentivize new developments to use low emission construction practices, low or zero net lifetime energy requirements, and green building techniques. Policy CE-P-14.4 Incentivize new buildings to be solar ready and EV charging ready. Emergency Management The emergency management sector includes goals and policies that seek to prepare Jefferson County and its residents for hazards exacerbated by climate change, including increased flooding and precipitation, sea level rise, compounded tsunami inundation risk from sea level rise, wildfires and wildfire smoke, extreme heat, and more. Climate hazards pose risks to community wellbeing by reducing water availability, disrupting food production and availability, and impacts to public health and safety. Emergency Management policies should ensure residents can be fully prepared and informed about relevant climate risks and response systems for emergencies in the county. Goal CE-G-15 Enhance community well-being and emergency preparedness, response, and recovery efforts to mitigate risks and impacts associated with extreme weather and other hazards worsened by climate change ensuring the most vulnerable residents do not bear disproportionate health risks. Policy CE-P-15.1 Continue to develop long-term, comprehensive flood hazard management plans in cooperation with other applicable agencies and persons that consider the potential climate change impacts using projected flooding and sea-level rise assessments and related increased risk of tsunami inundation. Plans should seek to minimize the likelihood of flood damage, maintain the natural hydraulic capacity of streams and floodplains, protect human health and well-being, and conserve or restore valuable, limited resources such as fish habitat and floodplain connectivity water, soil, and recreation and scenic areas. Policy CE-P-15.2 Update, develop, and disseminate fire hazard maps that consider impacts from climate change. Maps will be used to: ▶ Educate and assist builders and homeowners in wildfire mitigation practices. ▶ Guide emergency services during response. Additional emergency management policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 9.3 and LU-P-16.2 ▶ Natural Resources: Policy NR-P-3.8 ▶ Environment: Policy EN- P-6.3 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 473 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-15.3 Enhance emergency preparedness, response, and recovery efforts related to wildfire and wildfire smoke impacts associated with climate change. Possible actions include: ▶ Educate district personnel on federal cost-share and grant programs and Fire Protection agreements. ▶ Participate in the Firewise Program and enhance outreach and education programs aimed at mitigating wildfire hazards and reducing or preventing the exposure of residents, public agencies, private property owners, and businesses to natural hazards. ▶ Provide private forestland owners and residents living in Wildland- Urban Interface (WUI) areas information about fire prevention (e.g., Firewise) practices, and support application of such practices via building code provisions. ▶ Create multilingual versions of a wildfire hazard atlas for Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend that incorporates climate change impacts and identifies vulnerable populations. ▶ Enhance Emergency Services to increase efficiency of wildfire response and recovery activities by integrating climate mitigation strategies. Policy CE-P-15.4 Develop community-based resilience hubs, prioritizing access for at-risk populations and marginalized communities, to support residents and coordinate the distribution of resources and services before, during, and after a hazard event including wildfire and wildfire smoke and extreme heat. Resiliency hubs should include cooling options (passive cooling or air conditioning) and air filtration systems. Policy CE-P-15.5 Strengthen emergency services preparedness response efforts to mitigate risks and impacts associated with climate change by linking emergency services with natural hazard mitigation programs. Possible ideas include: ▶ Promote inter-agency response planning and training among various first response agencies within Jefferson County, including public health, law enforcement, fire, and emergency medical services (EMS). ▶ Continue involvement at the county level with the Northwest Region Fire Defense Board and the Northwest Region Fire Mobilization Plan. ▶ Encourage local fire service, emergency medical, and law enforcement agencies to include Jefferson C.E.R.T. members in training opportunities. ▶ Develop and distribute maps and awareness tools so the public and planners recognize current and future wildfire and smoke patterns and can plan evacuation routes and protocols. Safety measures should be developed to protect vulnerable populations from dangerous wildfire smoke. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 474 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-15.6 Employ outdoor work protocols during extreme heat or smoke events to reduce potential adverse health effects applicable to the county’s workforce and provide outreach to community businesses and organizations on safer work protocols during extreme heat and smoke events. Policy CE-P-15.7 Identify and address the disproportionate impacts of climate change on overburdened communities when prioritizing investments, policies, programs, and projects. Ensure benefits and outreach materials are inclusive to, accessible to, and focused on underserved communities, including rural communities. Policy CE-P-15.8 Educate the public on wildfire smoke risks, identify vulnerable populations and measures to reduce exposure. Policy CE-P-15.9 Maintain and expand a system of open space, trails, parks, and greenbelts that provide opportunities to be outside and active. Ensure public parks and beaches have adequate shade elements and benches where appropriate to protect against extreme heat. Policy CE-P-15.10 Ensure emergency preparedness plans account for individuals with disabilities, particularly those with mobility and cognitive disabilities. Transportation The transportation sector includes goals and policies that seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase resiliency to climate change impacts, including extreme precipitation and flooding, and sea level rise. Goal CE-G-16 Ensure that the local transportation system—including infrastructure, evacuation routes, and travel modes—can withstand and recover quickly from the impacts or hazards exacerbated by climate change, with special attention to the needs of overburdened and vulnerable populations, including isolated communities. Policy CE-P-16.1 Reduce stormwater impacts from transportation and development through watershed planning, redevelopment and retrofit projects, and low-impact development, ensuring the integration of local climate impacts risk assessment into planning efforts. Additional transportation policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 17.2 and LU-P-32.3 ▶ Transportation: Policies TR-P-4.10, TR-G-8, and TR-P-9.7 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 475 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Policy CE-P-16.2 Design and site new and retrofit existing transportation infrastructure, including low-lying roads, non-motorized trails, rail systems, and bridges vulnerable to coastal or inland flooding, repetitive flooding and/or landslides, and sea level rise. Transportation infrastructure should ensure the least possible adverse impacts on existing ecology and habitat restoration projects, limit impact on public access (particularly for vulnerable and marginalized populations), and integrate future climate projections into siting and design. Goal CE-G-17 Promote opportunities to reduce GHG emissions in the transportation sector. Policy CE-P-17.1 Improve the efficiency of the transportation system, promote electric vehicle infrastructure and adoption, and expand active transportation infrastructure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Conduct audits of existing transportation systems to identify and address accessibility gaps among overburdened and vulnerable populations. Policy CE-P-17.2 Promote public transit expansion and use through coordination of land use and transportation planning, prioritizing historically vulnerable populations such as low-income and rural communities. Provide and promote mobility options during emergency events. Policy CE-P-17.3 Expand electric vehicle infrastructure development and support the transition to electric vehicles. Policy CE-P-17.4 Collaborate with regional partners to promote the expansion of regional multimodal transportation systems, to connect transportation hubs such as ferry terminals to other high-density county areas. Policy CE-P-17.5 Promote a safe and well-connected multimodal transportation network to encourage active transportation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Policy CE-P-17.6 Design streets to reduce vehicle miles traveled and GHG emissions and encourage active transportation by considering how street network connectivity can be utilized to reduce VMT. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 476 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Communications & Collaboration Policies in the communications and collaboration section encourage interdepartmental county collaboration and community-led efforts to increase climate resilience across the county. Goal CE-G-18 Expand county and community partnerships to integrate equity and vulnerability to frontline communities in prioritizing resilience strategies. Policy CE-P-18.1 Build and support partnerships with community-based organizations, Tribes, and Public Health with the capacity and relationships to convene diverse coalitions of residents and to educate and empower them to implement climate resilience actions. Policy CE-P-18.2 Consider developing a countywide Climate Resilience Office to support the integration of equity into climate change adaptation efforts, as well as to promote adaptation, mitigation and planning for climate change across all county departments and with community partners including the Climate Action Committee. Goal CE-G-19 Increase public involvement, communication, and participation in programs to support resilience and adaptation. Policy CE-P-19.1 Identify, improve, and sustain collaborative programs focusing on the real estate and insurance industries, public and private sector organizations, and individuals to avoid activity that increases risk and exposure to climate impacts. ▶ Continue and/or enhance and expand the Neighborhood Emergency Response Team Program. ▶ Consider participation in the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System Program to inform residents, in participating jurisdictions, about the flood risk in Jefferson County. ▶ Continue to make public awareness materials and programs available to the public to help inform the communities within Jefferson County as to the risks associated with various natural hazards. ▶ Ensure climate related outreach and education materials are inclusive, accessible, and culturally contextualized. Policy CE-P-19.2 Build and support partnerships with jurisdictions, agencies, private businesses, and community organizations to identify and pursue funding opportunities to implement local climate and natural hazard mitigation activities. Actions include: Additional communications and collaboration policies related to climate resilience and GHG emissions reduction can be found in the following elements: ▶ Land Use: Policies LU-P- 9.12, LU-P-9.3, and LU-P- 34.4 ▶ Natural Resources: Policies NR-P-3.8 and NR-P-8.6 ▶ Environment: Policy EN- P-7.3 CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 477 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 ▶ Identify and encourage partnering with various agencies and organizations within Jefferson County that have an interest in or have established natural hazard mitigation programs. ▶ Hold recurring cross-sector coordination meetings to share updates on climate resilience work. ▶ Establish a climate charter within the county to anchor cross-sector coordination with shared goals, resources and standards and that establishes agreement of mutual aid across county departments. ▶ Develop a shared internal website or online collaboration tool to share climate resources and work. ▶ Partnering with various state and federal agencies that have programs that support natural hazard mitigation programs such as the Flood Control Assistance Account Program administered by the Washington State Department of Ecology. Policy CE-P-19.3 Establish and maintain government-to-government relations with Tribes for the preservation of archaeological sites and traditional cultural properties that are vulnerable to climate impacts. Policy CE-P-19.4 Establish and support interactions with individuals to increase active involvement, communication, and participation in programs for climate resilience and adaptation, particularly for historically marginalized and disadvantaged groups. Actions include: ▶ Provide outreach to youth, BIPOC communities, LGBTQ+ residents, low-income families, and those with disabilities. ▶ Support school-based education, youth-led activities, and culturally inclusive programs that encourage all generations to shape a resilient future. 9.5 ACTION PLAN Exhibit 9-8 highlights key activities the county can use to implement the Climate Element over the next ten years (prior to the next periodic update), several in partnership with other entities: Exhibit 9-8 Climate Action Plan Action Sector Nexus Description CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 478 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Climate Change Outreach and Education ▶ Emergency Management ▶ Communication & Collaborations ▶ Continue climate centered communications and create outreach tools that can be used to inform Jefferson County residents about climate change impacts and resilience strategies. Strategies should include actions that residents and businesses can take at home to bolster resilience, reduce GHG emissions, and reduce water consumption. ▶ Build staff capacity to conduct targeted outreach to community organizations, businesses, and schools, to help these organizations integrate better climate practices, including both preparing for climate impacts and reducing GHG emissions. ▶ Encourage department and agency development of climate hazard-related emergency plans. ▶ Partner with relevant stakeholders across the county to implement the policies in this element, including the CAC Outreach group. Climate Science Updates ▶ Zoning & Development ▶ Water Resources ▶ Ecosystems ▶ Agriculture & Food Systems ▶ Buildings & Energy ▶ Transportation ▶ Climate Modeling ▶ Conduct periodic updates of climate information such as sea level rise, flooding, heat, precipitation and snowpack, and more. ▶ Integrate climate findings into County plans and policies, noting impacts to County infrastructure or operations. ▶ Climate Action Committee to organize qualified team to perform periodic countywide GHG modeling of sector-based emissions, and forest and trees GHG inventory. Update Zoning and County Code ▶ Zoning & Development ▶ Water Resources ▶ Cultural Resources & Practices ▶ Agriculture & Food Systems ▶ Buildings & Energy ▶ Emergency Management ▶ Transportation ▶ Integrate climate data and projected future conditions into policies impacting zoning and land use decisions and building and infrastructure requirements. ▶ Leverage planning, conservation, and restoration efforts to improve natural and built infrastructure resilience to climate hazards. Infrastructure Improvements ▶ Zoning & Development ▶ Buildings & Energy ▶ Ecosystems ▶ Water Resources ▶ Agriculture & Food Systems ▶ Continue efforts to increase built infrastructure resilience to climate hazards, including culvert replacement for fish passage, and through implementation of nature-based solutions and green infrastructure. ▶ Provide support for implementing new modes of transportation as feasible and as funds are available, including infrastructure for active transportation to encourage safe walking, biking, and rolling, and the use of electric vehicles and transit buses. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 479 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Support Local Economy ▶ Agriculture & Food Systems ▶ Ecosystems ▶ Cultural Resources & Practices ▶ Communications & Collaborations ▶ Promote Outdoor Recreation ▶ Agriculture, timber, marine, and tourism industries; support of established economic activities that also increase climate resilience and ecosystem health and promote carbon sequestration. ▶ Support plans and policies to protect key county natural resources and natural resource economies. ▶ Support the development of a county food system resilience plan by collaborating with the CAC Food Systems group. ▶ Expand recreational opportunities by increasing hiking trails, campsites, and associated amenities (shelters, picnic facilities). Provide signage for all improvements and guide brochures featuring accessible and short-hike options. Source: Jefferson County, 2025. CLIMATE Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 480 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 [ This page intentionally blank ] REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 481 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 References General Jefferson County. (1999, August). Tri-Area/Glen Cove Special Study. Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement with Addendum Jefferson County. (2002 and 2004). Brinnon Subarea Plan and Amendments. Retrieved from http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/749/Brinnon-Subarea-Plan. Jefferson County. (2016, October). Jefferson County Community Health Improvement Plan, Jefferson County Public Hospital District No. 2 and Jefferson County Public Health. Retrieved from https://www.jeffersoncountypublichealth.org/1749/Data-and- Assessment. Jefferson County. (2024, November 18). Countywide Planning Policies, Jefferson Resolution No. 67-1118-24R. Jefferson County. (2024, November 18). Population and Housing Growth Allocations, Jefferson County Resolution No. 68-1118-24R. Jefferson County. (2025). Jefferson County Unified Development Code. Retrieved from http://www.codepublishing.com/WA/JeffersonCounty/. Carolyn Gallaway REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 482 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County GIS Department. (2025). GIS Data. Retrieved from http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/293/GIS. North Olympic Development Council (NODC). (2016). Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy 2016-2020. Retrieved from http://www.noprcd.org/economic-development. U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). American Community Survey 2013-2017 5- Year Estimates. Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml. U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). 2020 Census. Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml. U.S. Census Bureau. (2022). American Community Survey 2018-2022 5- Year Estimates. 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Growth Management Act Population Projections for Counties: 2020 to 2050. Retrieved from https://ofm.wa.gov/washington-data- research/population-demographics/population-forecasts-and- projections/growth-management-act-county-projections/growth- management-act-population-projections-counties-2010-2040-0. Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM). (2022). Population by Age, Mapped by County. Retrieved from https://ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/statewide- data/washington-trends/population-changes/population-age- mapped-county. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 483 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM). (2024). April 1 Official Population Estimates. Retreived from https://www.ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/population- demographics/population-estimates/april-1-official-population- estimates. Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM). (2024). Small Area Estimates. Retrieved from https://ofm.wa.gov/washington- data-research/population-demographics/population- estimates/small-area-estimates-program. Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM). (2025). Population Density and Land Area Criteria Used for Rural Area Assistance and Other Programs. Retrieved from https://www.ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/population- demographics/population-estimates/population- density/population-density-and-land-area-criteria-used-rural-area- assistance-and-other-programs. Land Use Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024). PLACES: Local Data for Better Health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/places/. County Health Rankings & Roadmap. (2024). County Health Rankings: Jefferson County. Retrieved from https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/health- data/washington/jefferson?year=2024. Jefferson County. (2019). Community Health Assessment Quantitative Report. 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Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2023). PIT Count. Retrieved from Annual Point in Time Count. Retrieved from https://www.commerce.wa.gov/homelessness-response/planning- and-reporting/pit-count/. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). Displacement Risk. Retrieved from https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/d26f4383cab3411cb45f39 ddfc666b74/#data_s=id%3A83713d4b3ea34743bed49d3d61be4fb3- 187dd75e9f2-layer-27-187dcfb6357-layer-4%3A499. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). Economic Recovery Dashboard. Retrieved from EDC Team Jefferson: https://www.edcteamjefferson.org/economic-recovery- dashboard. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT). Retrieved from Updating REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 488 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 GMA Housing Elements: https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growth- management/housing-planning/housing-guidance/. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). STEP 101 Fact Sheet. Retrieved from Updating GMA Housing Elements: https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growth-management/housing- planning/housing-guidance/. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). STEP State of the Practice Report . Retrieved from Updating GMA Housing Elements: https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growth- management/housing-planning/housing-guidance/. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). Updating GMA Housing Elements. Retrieved from https://www.commerce.wa.gov/serving-communities/growth- management/growth-management-topics/planning-for- housing/updating-gma-housing-elements/. Washington State Department of Revenue (DOR). (2024). Property Tax Revenues by County. Retrieved from https://dor.wa.gov/property- tax-ratios-county. Washington State Department of Revenue (DOR). (2024). Taxable Retail Sales. Retrieved from https://apps.dor.wa.gov/ResearchStats/Content/TaxableRetailSalesL ocal/Report.aspx. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2021- 2023). Covered Employment Estimates (QCEW). Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/covered-employment. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2022). Median, Average, and Hourly Wages. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/median-hourly-wages. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2023). Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/occupations. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2024). Jefferson County Profile: County Data Tables. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/county-profiles/jefferson. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2024). Labor force (LAUS): Not Seasonally Adjusted Historical Estimates. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/jobs-and-training/labor-market- information/labor-force-and-unemployment/labor-force-laus. Washingotn State Employment Security Department (ESD) and PSRC. (2017, October). 2016 Covered Employment Estimates by Jurisdiction. Seattle, WA. Retrieved from https://psrc- psregcncl.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/PSREGCNCL::covered- employment-by-city-major-sector/about. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 489 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Washington State Housing Finance Commission. (2024). 2024 Income and Rent Limits for All Tax Credit and Bond Financed Properties. Retrieved from https://www.wshfc.org/managers/map.aspx. Zillow. (2024, April). Zillow Housing Value Indes (ZHVI). Retrieved from https://www.zillow.com/research/data/. Zillow. (2024, April). Zillow Observed Rental Index (ZORI). Retrieved from https://www.zillow.com/research/data/. Open Space, Parks & Recreation, Historical & Cultural Preservation Jefferson County Conservation District. (2025). Jefferson County Conservation District Homepage. Retrieved from https://www.jeffersoncd.org/. Jefferson County Parks and Recreation. (2022). Parks, Recreation & Open Space (PROS) Comprehensive Plan. Retrieved from https://jeffersoncountywa.myrec.com/forms/7581_jefferson_county_ parks_recreation_open_space_and_trails_comprehensive_plan_oct ober_10_2022.pdf. Jefferson County Public Health. (2025). Conservation Futures Fund Program. Retrieved from Boards and Commissions A-E: https://www.jeffersoncountypublichealth.org/560/Conservation- Futures-Program. Jefferson Land Trust. (2024, September). 2023-24 Report to Our Community. Retrieved from Jefferson Land Trust: https://s3.us- west-2.amazonaws.com/cdn.saveland.org/wp- content/uploads/2024/09/11174113/2023-2024_R2C-Final.pdf. Environment Caulkins, N. (2016, October 13). Approaching Your County’s Post Hirst Water Resource Responsibilities. Retrieved March 2018, from MRSC: http://mrsc.org/Home/Stay-Informed/MRSC-Insight/October/Post- Hirst-Water-Resource-Responsibilities.aspx. Chang, M. L. (2023). Chapter 27. Northwest. Retrieved from Fifth National Climate Assessment, U.S. Global Change Research Program: https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/27/. Climate Impacts Group. (2015). State of Knowledge Report: Climate Change in Puget Sound. University of Washington. Retrieved March 2018, from https://cig.uw.edu/resources/special-reports/ps- sok/. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 490 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Dvorkin, J. (2018, January 23). Legislature Addresses Whatcom County v. Hirst. Retrieved March 2018, from MRSC: http://mrsc.org/Home/Stay-Informed/MRSC-Insight/January- 2018/Legislature-Addresses-Hirst-v-Whatcom-County.aspx. Raymond, C. M. (2022). Climate Mapping for a Resilient Washington. Retrieved from Prepared by the Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle and Research Data & Computing Services, University of Idaho, Moscow.: https://cig.uw.edu/resources/analysis- tools/climate-mapping-for-a-resilient-washington/. Washington Department of Commerce. (2024, January 11). Climate Element Planning Guidance. Retrieved from www.commerce.wa.gov: https://www.commerce.wa.gov/serving- communities/growth-management/growth-management- topics/climate-change-2/. Washington Department of Ecology. (2016). Focus on Water Availability: Quilcene-Snow Watershed, WRIA 17. Ecology publication number: 11-11-022. Retrieved October 2024, from https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/6059/2011- Focus-on-Water-Availability. Washington Department of Ecology. (2024a). Hirst Decision. Retrieved October 2024, from https://ecology.wa.gov/Water- Shorelines/Water-supply/Water-rights/Case-law/Hirst-decision. Washington Department of Ecology. (2024b). Streamflow Restoration. Retrieved October 2024, from https://ecology.wa.gov/Water- Shorelines/Water-supply/Improving-streamflows. Transportation and Appendix C Transportation Technical Document Principal technical analysis and mapping was provided by Transpo Group under contract with Jefferson County in 2024 and 2025. In addition, state, county and other sources were considered, including but not limited to: Jefferson County. (2010). Non-motorized and Recreational Trails Plan. Retrieved from http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/440/Non-Motorized- Transportation-Recreationa. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, November). 2025-2030 Six-Year Transportaton Improvement Program. Retrieved from https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/444/6-Yr-TIP. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, November). Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) Background. Retrieved from 6-Year Transportation Improvement Program: https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/444/6-Yr-TIP. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 491 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson Transit Authority. (2022). 2022 Long Range Plan. Retrieved from https://www.jeffersontransit.com/DocumentCenter/Index/67. Jefferson Transit Authority. (2024). Climate Action Plan. Retrieved from https://www.jeffersontransit.com/DocumentCenter/Index/67. Jefferson Transit Authority. (2024). Transit Development Plan 2024- 2029. Retrieved from https://www.jeffersontransit.com/DocumentCenter/Index/67. Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO). (2024). Peninsula Regional Transportation Plan Online. Retrieved from https://www.prtpo.org/rtp-online. Port of Port Townsend. (2014, July). Jefferson County International Airport Master Plan Update. Retrieved from Port of Port Townsend: http://portofpt.com/wp-content/uploads/JCIA-MPU-Complete- Report.pdf. Transpo Group. (2008, October). Quimper Peninsula Travel Demand Model. Transpo Group. (2012, January). Quimper Peninsula Transportation Study and Model. Retrieved from Jefferson County: http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/443/Transportation-Planning. Washington State Department of Ecology. (2016, October). Washington's Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Retrieved from ecology.wa.gov: https://ecology.wa.gov/Research-Data/Scientific- reports/Statewide-greenhouse-gas-inventory Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). (2023). 2023 Collisions in Jefferson County: Jefferson County Collision Data Summary. Retrieved from http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/mapsdata/crash/collisionannual.htm. Economic Development E.D. Hovee & Company, LLC. (2010, October). Jefferson County Joint Economic Development Planning: Existing Conditions Report. Prepared for: Jefferson County, City of Port Townsend, Port of Port Townsend. Retrieved from EDC Team Jefferson: https://irp- cdn.multiscreensite.com/5205be66/files/uploaded/Existing_Conditi ons_Report.pdf. E.D. Hovee & Company, LLC. (2021). Jefferson County Economic Development Existing Conditions Report. Prepared for EDC Team Jefferson. EDC Team Jefferson. (2010). Business Cluster Report. Retrieved from https://irp- REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 492 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 cdn.multiscreensite.com/5205be66/files/uploaded/2010_Team_Jeffe rson_Business_Cluster_Report.pdf. EDC Team Jefferson. (2017). Strategic Priorities. Retrieved from EDC Team Jefferson: https://www.edcteamjefferson.org/strategic- priorities. Jefferson County. (2012). Jefferson County Resolution No. 01-12: Joint Resolution of the Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners, the Port Townsend City Council. Port Townsend, Washington: Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners. Retrieved from http://test.co.jefferson.wa.us/WebLinkExternal/0/doc/1094760/Page1 .aspx. Jefferson County Treasurer. (2025, January). December 2024 Revenue Report. Retrieved from https://test.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeblinkExternal/0,0,0,0,0/edoc/94468 57/2024-12_DECEMBER_Treasurer_RevenueReports.pdf. Joint Economic Development Strategy (JEDS)—Working Draft. (2011). A Coordinated Effort of Jefferson county, the City of Port Townsend, & the Port of Port Townsend, with Support & Assistance from the Economic Development Council of Jefferson County (“Team Jefferson”). December 14, 2011. Adopted by Joint Resolution of the Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners, the Port Townsend City Council, and the Port of Port Townsend Port Commission, Approving a Process to Coordinate and Promote Enhanced Inter-Jurisdictional Coordination in Regards to Regional Economic Development Committee. Jefferson County Resolution No. 01-12; City of Port Townsend Resolution No. 12-002; Port of Port Townsend Resolution No. 571-11. North Hood Canal Chamber of Commerce. (2025). Visitor Center. https://emeraldtowns.com/home/chamber/visitors-center/. North Olympic Development Council (NODC). (2016). Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy 2011-2015. Retrieved from Economic Development: http://www.noprcd.org/economic- development Olympic Peninsula Tourism Commission. (2024). 2023 Value of Tourism to Jefferson County. Retrieved from https://olympicpeninsula.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Value- of-Tourism-to-Jefferson-County-2023.pdf. Port of Port Townsend. (2017). Quilcene Community Wastewater Feasibility Study. Retrieved from Port of Port Townsend: http://portofpt.com/current-port-projects/quilcene-community- wastewater-feasibility-study/. Port of Port Townsend. (2024). http://portofpt.com/. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 493 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). (2022). Economic Profile for Jefferson. Retrieved from https://apps.bea.gov/regional/bearfacts/?_gl=1*qstgom*_ga*MTkyNz g2ODQ2MC4xNzE4NzM1ODAz*_ga_J4698JNNFT*MTcxODczNTgw Mi4xLjEuMTcxODczNjEzMC42MC4wLjA. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2024, March). Unadjusted Unemployment Rate (Series LNU04000000). Retrieved from BLS Data Viewer: https://data.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/LNU04000000. U.S. Census. (2021). County Business Patterns (CB2100CBP). Retrieved from https://data.census.gov/table?q=jefferson%20county%20washingto n%20CB2100CBP&g=050XX00US53031&y=2021. U.S. Economic Development Administration. (2025). Distressed Area Recompete Pilot Program (Recompete). Retrieved from https://www.eda.gov/funding/programs/recompete-pilot-program. U.S. Economic Development Administration. (2025). List of Recompete Pilot Program Awardees. Retrieved from https://www.eda.gov/funding/programs/recompete-pilot- program/2023. U.S. Economic Development Administration. (2025). North Olympic Peninsula Recompete Plan. Retrieved from Recompete Awardees, Finalists, and Strategy Development Grant Recipients: https://www.eda.gov/funding/programs/recompete-pilot- program/2023/North-Olympic-Peninsula-Recompete-Plan. University of Washington Center for Real Estate Research (WCRER). (2024). City and County Rental Data. Retrieved from https://wcrer.be.uw.edu/housing-market-data-toolkit/rental- market/. Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce). (2024). Economic Recovery Dashboard. Retrieved from EDC Team Jefferson: https://www.edcteamjefferson.org/economic-recovery- dashboard. Washington State Department of Revenue (DOR). (2024). Taxable Retail Sales. Retrieved from https://apps.dor.wa.gov/ResearchStats/Content/TaxableRetailSalesL ocal/Report.aspx. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2021- 2023). Covered Employment Estimates (QCEW). Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/covered-employment. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2022). Median, Average, and Hourly Wages. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/median-hourly-wages. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 494 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2024). Jefferson County Profile: County Data Tables. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/labormarketinfo/county-profiles/jefferson. Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). (2024). Labor force (LAUS): Not Seasonally Adjusted Historical Estimates. Retrieved from https://esd.wa.gov/jobs-and-training/labor-market- information/labor-force-and-unemployment/labor-force-laus. Washingotn State Employment Security Department (ESD) and PSRC. (2017, October). 2016 Covered Employment Estimates by Jurisdiction. Seattle, WA. Retrieved from https://psrc- psregcncl.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/PSREGCNCL::covered- employment-by-city-major-sector/about. Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. (2024). Fiscal Year Cannabis Sales and Excise Tax by County. Retrieved from https://lcb.wa.gov/records/frequently-requested-lists. Washington State University (WSU). (2025). WSU Jefferson County Extension. http://extension.wsu.edu/jefferson/. Capital Facilities & Utilities and Appendix D Capital Facilities Technical Document American Planning Association Washington Chapter. (2015, November). Address Climate Change: Planning for Climate Change Adaptation. Retrieved from American Planning Association Washington Chapter: https://www.washington- apa.org/assets/docs/2015/Ten_Big_Ideas/ October_Revisions/planning_for_climate_change_adaptation_11.10.1 5.pdf Brinnon Fire Department. (2024, October). Home Page. Retrieved from https://brinnonfire.org/. Chimacum School District. (2024). Levy Information 2024 Capital Projects. Retrieved from Chimacum School District 49: https://www.csd49.org/levy-information-2024-capital-projects. City of Port Townsend. (2019). Water System Plan. Retrieved from https://cityofpt.us/citycouncil/page/city-plans. City of Port Townsend. (2024, December). 2025-2030 Capital Facilities Plan. Retrieved from https://cityofpt.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning/page/ 23577/2025-2030_capital_facilities_plan_-_draft_-_sepa_11-13-24.pdf. City of Port Townsend. (2024, July). General Sewer Plan. Retrieved from https://cityofpt.us/engagept/page/general-sewer-plan. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 495 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Cray, T. (2025, January). Personal communication with Tanya Cray, District Secretary with East Jefferson Fire Rescue, to confirm fire district details with Michelle Ellsworth from BERK Consulting. Dec 2024-Jan 2025. Discovery Bay Volunteer Fire and Rescue District #5. (2024). Home Page. www.dbvfr.org. East Jefferson Fire Rescue. (2023). 2023 Annual Report East Jefferson Fire Rescue. Retrieved from EJFR Annual Report and Budget: https://www.bluetoad.com/publication/?i=825174&p=16&view=issue Viewer. Economic and Engineering Services. (1997). Jefferson County Coordinated Water System Plan. Retrieved from https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/19611/Coordi nated-Water-System-Plan. FCS Group. (2021, November). Water, Sewer and Electric Rate Study & Pole Attachment Fee Update. Retrieved from Jefferson County PUD - Updates: https://www.jeffpud.org/wp- content/uploads/2021/11/Jefferson-PUD-Rate-Study-Pole- Attachment-Report-FINAL.pdf. Frederick, S. (2025, June). Personal communciation with Shawn Frederick with Jefferson Country Central Services to confirm capital project costs with BERK Consulting. June-July 2025. Graham, B. (2025, July). Personal communication with Bill Graham, Resource Manager at Jefferson PUD, to confirm water system plan details with Michelle Ellsworth at BERK Consulting. July 1-11, 2025. Harper, S. (2025, September). Personal communication with Samantha Harper, Wastewater Project Manager at Jefferson County Public Works, to confirm capital project costs for wastewater treatment plan with Michelle Ellsworth at BERK Consulting. September 17, 2025. Hartman, N., & Shailesh, S. (2025, February 24). Personal Communication with N. Hartman and S.Shailesh with Clallam County PUD to confirm amount of Jefferson County customers. Hood Canal Communications. (2023, November). Ribbon Cutting for Brinnon Broadband. Retrieved from HCC - News: https://www.hcc.net/news/?id=54683#. Hood Canal Communications. (n.d.). Service Areas. Retrieved from https://hoodcanal.crowdfiber.com/front_end/zones. Jefferson County. (2010). Non-motorized and Recreational Trails Plan. Retrieved from http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/440/Non-Motorized- Transportation-Recreationa. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 496 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County. (2024, November 18). Sewer Utility Fee Schedule, Jefferson County Resolution No. 66-1118-24R. Retrieved from https://co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/20608/Sewer- Utility-Fee-Schedule-Resolution-66-1118-24R-. Jefferson County. (2024). Solid Waste Facility Replacement Planning Project. Retrieved from https://jeffersoncountysolidwaste.com/solid-waste-facility- replacement-project/. Jefferson County Administrator’s Office. (2024). Jeffferson County Strategic Plan 2024-2028. Retrieved from https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/documentcenter/view/19232. Jefferson County Parks and Recreation. (2022). Parks, Recreation & Open Space (PROS) Comprehensive Plan. Retrieved from https://jeffersoncountywa.myrec.com/forms/7581_jefferson_county_ parks_recreation_open_space_and_trails_comprehensive_plan_oct ober_10_2022.pdf. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD). (2021). Water System Plan. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD). (2024, December). 2024 Combined Newsletter (June 2024 Newsletter). Retrieved from Jefferson County News - Print Newsletters - Uploads (2024): https://www.jeffpud.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2024- Combined-Newsletter-File.pdf. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD). (2024). 2024 Rural Utilties Service Form 7. Retrieved from https://www.jeffpud.org/audits-and-financial-statements/. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD). (2024 November 13). The Energy Efficiency Puzzle. Retrieved from Jefferson County Public Utility District: https://www.jeffpud.org/the-energy-efficiency- puzzle/. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD). (2025). Broadband Service Areas. Retrieved from Jefferson County Public Utility District: https://www.jeffpud.org/broadband-maps/. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD). (2025, April). Customer Count Tracking Dashboard. Retrieved from https://www.jeffpud.org/customer-count-tracking/. Jefferson County Public Utility District (JPUD. (2025, February). February 2025 Newsletter. Retrieved from Jefferson County Public Utility District: https://www.jeffpud.org/wp- content/uploads/2025/02/Feb2025.pdf Jefferson County Public Works. (2006, November). Surface Water Management Plan. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 497 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Jefferson County Public Works. (2016, September). Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan. Retrieved from https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/7190/Solid- Waste-Management-Plan-2016. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, November). 2025-2030 Six-Year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Retrieved from https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/444/6-Yr-TIP. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, May). Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Stormwater Management Plan. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, May). Irondale and Port Hadlock Urban Growth Area Transportation Plan. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, November). Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) Background. Retrieved from 6-Year Transportation Improvement Program: https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/444/6-Yr-TIP. Jefferson County Public Works. (2024, November 12). Update on Pending Solid Waste Recycling Program Revisions. Retrieved from Jefferson County Board of Commissioners - Agenda Request: https://test.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeblinkExternal/0/doc/7672591/Page1 .aspx. Jefferson County Public Works. (2025, March 18). Issue Paper to Joint BOCC/SWAC: Recycling Program Inflection Point. Retrieved from https://test.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeblinkExternal/0/edoc/9878513/Rec ycling%20Program%20Issue%20Paper.pdf. Jefferson County Rural Fire Protection District #1. (2024). Home Page. http://www.jcfd-1.org/. Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office. (2018). Strategic Plan, Comprehensive Version. Jefferson Transit Authority. (2024, August). Transit Development Plan 2024-2029. Retrieved from https://www.jeffersontransit.com/DocumentCenter/Index/67. Jefferson County Treasurer. (2024, December). Treasurer's December 2024 Revenue Report. Retrieved from Jefferson County Budget Committee: https://test.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeblinkExternal/0/edoc/9446857/202 4-12_DECEMBER_Treasurer_RevenueReports.pdf. Jefferson County Treasurer. (2025, January). Jefferson County Budget Committee - Treasurer's January 2025 Revenue Report. Retrieved from https://test.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeblinkExternal/0/edoc/9824128/202 5-01_JAN_Treasurer_RevenueReports.pdf. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 498 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Knoepfle, W. (2024, December). Personal communication with Willie Knoepfle, Fire Chief at Discovery Bay Fire & Rescue, to confirm fire district details with Michelle Ellsworth from BERK Consulting. December 16, 2024. Manly, T. (2024, December). Personal communication with Fire Chief Manly from Brinnon Fire Department to confirm fire district details with Michelle Ellsworth from BERK Consulting. December 16-18, 2024. Olympic Water and Sewer. (2023). Consumer Confidence Reports. https://ows-inc.com/reports/. Peninsula Daily News. (2018, February 14). Brinnon, Queets Clearwater initial results approve school levies. Retrieved from Peninsula Daily News: https://www.peninsuladailynews.com/politics/brinnon- queets-clearwater-initial-results-approve-school-levies/. Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization (PRTPO). (2024). Peninsula Regional Transportation Plan Online. Retrieved from https://www.prtpo.org/rtp-online. Port Townsend School District. (2025, February). Port Townsend School District. Retrieved from https://www.ptschools.org/levy. Port Townsend School District. (2025, February). PTSD - Levy Info. Retrieved from https://ptschools.ss6.sharpschool.com/departments_/facilities/levy_i nformation. Quilcene Fire Rescue. (2024). Quilcene Fire Rescue > About Us. Retrieved from https://www.quilcenefirerescue.org/about-us. Quilcene School District. (2025, February). Levy Information. Retrieved from https://www.qsd48.org/District/Department/105-Levy- Information.html. Quillayute Valley School District. (2025, February 11). Renewal of Educational programs and Operations Levy - February 11, 2025 Ballot. Retrieved from https://www.qvschools.org/o/qvsd/page/2025-educational- programs-and-operations-levy. Quillayute Valley School District 402. (2025, February). Renewal of Educational Programs and Operations Levy - February 11, 2025 Ballot. Retrieved from Quillayute Valley School District 402: https://www.qvschools.org/o/qvsd/page/2025-educational- programs-and-operations-levy. Reid Middleton and Barnard Dunkelberg Company. (2014, July). Jefferson County International Airport Master Plan Update, Final Report. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 499 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Rewitzer, B. (2024, December). Personal communication with Bob Rewitzer, District Secretary, and Fire Chief McKern of Quilcene Fire Rescue, to confirm fire district details with Michelle Ellsworth of BERK Consulting. December 16-17,2024. Robinson, J. (2024, February 20). Voters support new levy rate. Retrieved from Port Townsend Leader: https://www.ptleader.com/stories/voters-support-new-levy- rate,157519. Rose, H. (2025, April 15). Personal Communication with HAzel Rose, Assistant to the Superintendent at Quillayute Valley School District, to confirm school district details with Michelle Ellsworth of BERK Consulting. Sequim School District. (2021). Educational Programs & Operational Renewal Levy. Retrieved from https://cdnsm5- ss14.sharpschool.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_1012671/Image/Boar d%20Images/Levy/Levy%20Flyer%202021.pdf. Sequim School District. (2021). Educational Programs and Operations Renewal Levy. Retrieved from https://cdnsm5- ss14.sharpschool.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_1012671/Image/Boar d%20Images/Levy/Levy%20Flyer%202021.pdf. Tetra Tech. (2021, February). Appendix C: Detailed Cost Estimates. Retrieved from Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan Update (Final): https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/12023/2021- Final-Sewer-Facility-Plan-Update-Appendices. Tetra Tech. (2021, February). Port Hadlock UGA Sewer Facility Plan Update (Final). Retrieved from Jefferson County Department of Public Works - Port Hadlock Wastewater System: https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/12022/2021- Final-Sewer-Facility-Plan-Update. Transpo Group. (2008, October). Quimper Peninsula Travel Demand Model. Transpo Group. (2012, January). Quimper Peninsula Transportation Study and Model. Retrieved from Jefferson County: http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/443/Transportation-Planning. Tyler, M. (2025, July). Personal Communication with Matt Tyler of Jefferson County Parks and Recreation to confirm park details with Michelle Ellsworth of BERK Consulting. July 14-16, 2025.Warner, M. (2025, April 2). Personal communication with M. Warner of Grays Harbor PUD on April 2 to confirm amount of customers in Jefferson County. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 500 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI). (2024). Report Card 2023-24 School Year. Retrieved from https://reportcard.ospi.k12.wa.us/. Washington State Department of Ecology. (2012, April). Preparing for a Changing Climate: Washington State’s Integrated Climate Response Strategy: Publication No. 12-01-004. Retrieved from State of Washington Department of Ecology: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1201004.pdf. Washington State Department of Health. (2024, April). Water Use Efficiency Annual Performance Report - 2023. Retrieved from Olympic Water and Sewer - Reports: https://ows-inc.com/wp- content/uploads/2024/06/OWSI-2023-WUE-report.pdf. Washington State Department of Health. (2025). Water Systems Database. Retrieved from https://fortress.wa.gov/doh/eh/portal/odw/si/FindWaterSystem.aspx . Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI). (2018). Information and Condition of Schools (ICOS). Whatcom County. (2015). Capital Facilities Element. Retrieved from Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan Update : http://wa- whatcomcounty.civicplus.com/1170/Comprehensive-Plan-Updates. Climate Abatzoglou, J. (2011). Development of gridded surface meteorological data for ecological applications and modelling. International Journal of Climatology. doi: doi: 10.1002/joc.3413 Abatzoglou, J., & Brown, T. (2012). A comparison of statistical downscaling methods suited for wildfire applications. Retrieved from International Journal of Climatology: 780. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2312 Abdo, M. W. (2019). Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Colorado, 2007–2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19). doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193720 American Community Survey. (2024). Comparative Economic Characteristics, Jefferson County WA. American Forests. (n.d.). Tree Equity Score National Explorer. Retrieved from https://www.treeequityscore.org/map#10/48.1136/-122.7755 Basilio, E. C. (2022). Wildfire Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy: A Review of Potential Mechanisms of Placental Toxicity, Impact on Obstetric Outcomes, and Strategies to Reduce Exposure. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 501 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). doi:10.3390/ijerph192113727 BERK Consulting Group. (2025). Jefferson County Maps. Cascadia Consulting Group. (2022). The City of Port Townsend’s Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Risk Assessment. The City of Port Townend. CDC. (2024). PLACES. https://www.cdc.gov/places/. Chegwidden, O. S. (2017). Hydrologic Response of the Columbia River System to Climate Change [Data set]. Retrieved from Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.854763. Dura et al. (2025). Briefing Document: Increased Flood Exposure in the Pacific Northwest Following Earthquake-driven Subsidence and Sea-Level Rise. Retrieved from https://survivingcascadia.com/wp- content/uploads/2025/05/cascadia-earthquake-driven-subsidence- briefing_final_1.0.1_5-1-25.pdf. Dye. (2024). Simulated Future Shifts in Wildfire Regimes in Moist Forests of Pacific Northwest, USA. JGR Biogeosciences. ESA. (2023). Jefferson County Sea-Level Rise Study. Retrieved from https://cascadiainc.sharepoint.com/sites/JeffersonCountyClimateEl ement/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2 FJeffersonCountyClimateElement%2FShared%20Documents%2FG ap%20Analysis%2FPolicy%20audit%20workbook%20and%20docum ents%2FSource%20docume Fountain, A. G. (2021). Data From: Glaciers of the Olympic Mountains, Washington – The Past and Future 100 Years. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127. doi:10.15760/geology- data.02 Grimm, N. B. (2013). The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(9), 474-482. doi: https://doi.org/10.1890/120282 Halofsky, J., Peterson, D., & Harvey, B. (2020). Changing wildfire, changing forests: the effects of climate change on fire regimes and vegetation in the Pacific Northwest. fire ecol. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-019-0062-8 Hegewisch, K. &. (n.d.). Future Time Series' web tool. Retrieved from Climate Toolbox: https://climatetoolbox.org/tool/future-time-series. Jefferson County. (2019). Annual Bridge Condition Report. Jefferson County. (2024). Jefferson County Public Health Climate Dashboard. Jefferson County Conservation District. (2022). Chimacum Drainage District: History, Current Conditions, and Potential Options for the REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 502 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Future. Jefferson Land Trust, Jefferson County Environmental Public Health, North Olympic Salmon Coalition. Jefferson Land Trust. (2010). Conservation Plan. Retrieved from https://www.saveland.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/06/2010_JLT_ConservationPlan_LoRes.pdf. Krosby, M. H. (2018). Tribal Climate Tool web tool. Climate Impacts Group. Retrieved from (https://cig.uw.edu/resources/tribal- vulnerability-assessment-resources/) and Climate Toolbox (https://climatetoolbox.org). Miller, I. M. (2018). Projected Sea Level Rise for Washington State – A 2018 Assessment. A collaboration of Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington Climate Impacts Group, University of Oregon, University of Washington, and U.S. Geological Survey. Washington Coastal Resilience Project. NOAA. (n.d.). Relative Sea Level Trend. NODC. (2022). Phase 2: Municipal Level Climate Action Planning for the North Olympic Peninsula – Final Report. North Olympic Peninsula Resource Conservation & Development Council. Prepared by NODC and Cascadia Consulting. Retrieved from www.noprcd.org Petersen, S. B. (2015). Climate Change Preparedness Plan for the North Olympic Peninsula. A Project of the North Olympic Peninsula Resource Conservation & Development Council and the Washington Department of Commerce. funded by the Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from www.noprcd.org Pramova, E. L. (2012). Forest and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change. WIREs Clim Change, 3, 581-596. doi: doi: 10.1002/wcc.195 Raymond, C. M. (2022). Climate Mapping for a Resilient Washington. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle and Research Data & Computing Services. Rogers, M., & Mauger, G. (2021). Pacific Northwest Climate Projection Tool. Salathé, E., & Leung, L. Q. (2010). Regional climate model projections for the State of Washington. Climate Change, 102(1-2), 51-75. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9849-y SWCA. (2024). Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Jefferson County. Washington State Department of Health (DOH). (2023). How Climate Change Impacts Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Environmental Fungal Disease in Washington State. Retrieved from https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/420567- ZoonoticClimateImpactsFlyer.pdf. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 503 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR). (2021). Tsunami Hazard Maps of the Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters— Model Results from an Extended L1 Mw 9.0 Cascadia Subduction Zone Megathrust Earthquake Scenario. Retrieved from https://www.lummi-nsn.gov/userfiles/691_germs2021- 01tsunamihazardpugetsoundpamphlet.pdf. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). (2011). Climate Impacts Vulnerability Assessment. Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/Climate-Impact- AssessmentforFHWA-12-2011.pdf. Washington Tracking Network. (2024). Extreme Heat”. Retrieved from https://fortress.wa.gov/doh/wtn/WTNPortal/home/#!q0=8960. Wildfire Risk to Communities. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wildfire Risk. org: https://wildfirerisk.org/explore/overview/53/53031/. Working Forests. (n.d.). Private working forestry in Jefferson County has a unique role. Retrieved from Working Forests: https://workingforests.org/working-forests-in-jefferson-county-wa/. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 504 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Photo Credits Individual photo credits are noted throughout this plan; photos are courtesy of the following individuals and organizations or included under fair use provisions of U.S. copyright law: ▶ BERK Consulting ▶ Carolyn Gallaway ▶ Casey Scalf via the Jefferson Landworks Collaborative ▶ The Chamber of Jefferson County ▶ Collection of the Jefferson County Historical Society ▶ Google Earth and Street View ▶ Jefferson County ▶ Jefferson County Public Health ▶ Joel Peterson ▶ Kitsap Sun ▶ North Hood Canal Chamber of Commerce ▶ Peninsula Housing Authority (PHA) ▶ Pleasant Harbor Marina ▶ Port Ludlow Village Council ▶ Port of Port Townsend ▶ Steve Schauer ▶ Windermere Real Estate ▶ Zillow REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 505 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Acronyms ACS American Community Survey ADA Americans with Disabilities Act ADO Associate Development Organization ADU Accessory dwelling unit Ag Code Jefferson County Code, sections 18.15, 18.20.030, 18.30 and 18.45 AMI Area Median Income ANSI American National Standards Institute ATRSH Annual Transit Revenue Service Hour BEA U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis BIPOC Black, Indigenous, and People of Color BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics BPA Bonneville Power Administration BSAP Brinnon Subarea Plan BTOP Broadband Technology Opportunity Program CAC Jefferson County / Port Townsend Climate Action Committee CARA Critical Aquifer Recharge Area CBV Caswell-Brown Village CAO Critical Areas Ordinance CDC National Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDFI Community Development Financial Institutions CDP Census Designated Place CGSA Cellular Geographical Service Area CHA Community Health Assessment CHAS HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy CHIP Community Health Improvement Plan CMT Culturally Modified Tree CPPs Countywide Planning Policies CRS National Flood Insurance Program’s Community Rating System. CSGA Cellular Geographical Service Area CWSP Coordinated Water System Plan for Jefferson County REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 506 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 DAHP Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation dBA Decibels, A-weighted DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement DNL Day-Night Average Sound Level DNR Washington Department of Natural Resources DOE Washington State Department of Ecology DOH Washington State Department of Health DSEIS Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement DSL Digital subscriber line DU Dwelling Unit ECOZ Emerald Coast Opportunity Zone EDA U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration EDC Economic Development Council of Jefferson County EIS Environmental Impact Statement ELOS Effective Level of Service EMS Emergency Medical Services EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPF Essential Public Facility ERAP ERU Equivalent Residential Unit ESA Endangered Species Act ESB Engrossed Senate Bill ESD Washington State Employment Security Department EV Electric Vehicle FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAR Federal Aviation Regulations FCC Federal Communications Commission FD Fire District FGTS Washington State Freight and Goods Transportation System FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FHWA Federal Highway Administration FSEIS Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement GA General Aviation REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 507 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 GED General Educational Development GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information System GMA Growth Management Act, RCW Chapter 36.70A GMSC Growth Management Steering Committee GPD Gallons per Day GSP City of Port Townsend’s General Sewer Plan IDRB Industrial Development Revenue Bond HAPT Washington State Department of Commerce’s Housing for All Planning Tool HB House Bill HHEJC Habitat for Humanity of East Jefferson County HSS Highway of Statewide Significance HUD United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ILB Industrial Land Bank ISP Internet Service Provider JCC Jefferson County Code JCIA Jefferson County International Airport JCPH Jefferson County Public Health JEDS Joint Economic Development Strategy JLUS Joint Land Use Study JPREP Jefferson County Regional Emergency Preparedness Network JPUD Jefferson County Public Utility District #1 JTA Jefferson Transit Authority LAMIRD Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development LAUS Local Area Unemployment Statistics LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEHD Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics LGBTQ+ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, and Other Related Identities LIHTC Federal Low-income Housing Tax Credits LION Local Investment Opportunity Network LOB Logical Outer Boundaries LOS Level of Service LOSS Large On-Site Sewage Systems MERU Measurement Equivalent Residential Units MFI HUD Median Family Income MMLOS Multimodal Level of Service REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 508 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 MOU Memorandum of Understanding MID Major Industrial Development MPR Master Planned Resort MUTCD Federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices NAVMAGII Naval Magazine Indian Island NBK Naval Base Kitsap NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NMRTP Non-Motorized Transportation and Recreational Trails Plan NoaNet Northwest Open Access Network NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NODC North Olympic Development Council NPIAS FAA’s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems NRCS US Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration OFM Washington State Office of Financial Management OPAV Option to Purchase at Agricultural Values OSPI Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction OWDC Olympic Workforce Development Council PROS Plan Jefferson County Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Comprehensive Plan PDD Peninsula Development District (currently merging with NODC) PHA Peninsula Housing Authority PIT Point in Time (Commerce’s PIT Counts) PLOS Planned Level of Service PROS Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PRTPO Peninsula Regional Transportation Planning Organization PSH Permanent Supportive Housing PUD Public Utility District PUMS (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample QCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages RCO Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office RCW Revised Code of Washington RDI Racially Disparate Impacts REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 509 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 REPI U.S. Navy’s Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration RRFB Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons RTP Regional Transportation Plan RUS Rural Utilities Service RV Recreational Vehicle SEIS Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement SEPA State Environmental Policy Act, Chapter 43.21c RCW SLR Sea Level Rise SMA Shoreline Management Act, Chapter 90.58 RCW SMA Satellite Management Agency SWMP Jefferson County Solid Waste Management Plan SMP Shoreline Master Program SR State Route STEP Emergency Shelters, Transitional Housing, Emergency Housing, and Permanent Supportive Housing SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats TDM Transportation Demand Management TIP Transportation Improvement Program UDC Unified Development Code, Title 18 of the Jefferson County Code UGA Urban Growth Area USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled WAC Washington Administrative Code WCRER University of Washington Center for Real Estate Research WISAARD Washington Information System for Architectural and Archaeological Records Data WRIA Water Resource Inventory Areas WRIA 16 Skokomish-Dosewallips Watershed WRIA 17 Quilcene-Snow Instream Resources Protection and Watershed Management Program, Chapter 173-517 WAC WRIA 20 Sol Duc-Hoh Watershed WRIA 21 Queets-Quinault Watershed WSBO Washington State Broadband Office WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation WSF Washington State Ferries REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 510 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 WSU Washington State University WUCC Water Utility Coordinating Committee WUI Wildland Urban Interface WUTC State of Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission ZHVI Zillow Housing Value Index ZORI Zillow Observed Rental Index Land Use/Zoning Designations AEPF Airport Essential Public Facility AL-20 Agricultural Land of Local Importance (Local Agriculture) AP-20 Prime Agricultural Land (Commercial Agriculture) CC Convenience Crossroads CF-80 Commercial Forest CWMEPF County Waste Management Essential Public Facility EPF Essential Public Facilities EPF-A Essential Public Facilities – Airport EPF-WM Essential Public Facility – Waste Management GC General Crossroads HI Heavy Industrial IF Inholding Forest JPREP Jefferson County Regional Emergency Preparedness Network LI Light Industrial LI/C Light Industrial/Commercial LI/M Light Industrial/Manufacturing MPR-GR Master Planned Resort – Golf Resort MPR-OSR Master Planned Resort – Open Space Reserve MPR-PH Master Planned Resort – Pleasant Harbor MPR-MF-10 Master Planned Resort – Multifamily MPR—MV Master Planned Resort – Maritime Village MPR-RA Master Planned Resort – Recreation Area MPR-RC/CF Master Planned Resort – Resort Complex/Community Facilities MPR-SF-4 Master Planned Resort – Single-Family MPR-SFT Master Planned Resort – Single-Family Tract (1:2.5) MPR-VC Master Planned Resort – Village Commercial Center MRLO / CF Mineral Resource Lands Overlay District and Commercial Forest REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 511 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 NC Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads PPR Parks, Preserves, and Recreation RBIZ Forest Resource-Based Industrial Zone RF-40 Rural Forest RI Resource Industrial – see also RBIZ Forest Resource- Based Industrial RR Rural Residential RR-5 Rural Residential – 1 DU/5 Acres RR-10 Rural Residential – 1 DU/10 Acres RR-20 Rural Residential – 1 DU/20 Acres RVC Rural Village Center SRT Small-scale Recreation and Tourist UGA-C / UC UGA Commercial UGA-HDR / UHDR UGA High Density Residential (19-24) UGA-LDR / ULDR UGA Low Density Residential (4-8) UGA-MDR / UMDR UGA Medium Density Residential (9-18) UGA-P UGA Public UGA-VC UGA Visitor Oriented Commercial REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 512 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Glossary Introduction This glossary is meant to support the Comprehensive Plan with definitions of key terms. State legislation, implementing state rules, case law, or supporting plans and regulations may change over time. The following guiding principles are intended to assist in the review and application of the glossary and interpretation of the plan: ▶ The County may use the most current definitions in Chapter 36.70A RCW or WAC 365-196 or other related legislation or rules to interpret this Comprehensive Plan. ▶ The County may consider judicial interpretations regarding the meaning and interpretation of Comprehensive Plan terms. ▶ The County may consider terms as defined in related plans or supporting documents, including but not limited to, the County-wide Planning Policy, supporting County system plans for services and infrastructure, capital and transportation improvement programs, budgets, and other documents. ▶ The County may consider terms as defined in its Unified Development Code. ▶ Where terms are not defined in this plan or other relevant sources, the County may consult general use, planning, legal, or other dictionaries in common use. Terms Accessory Dwelling Unit: A dwelling unit located on the same lot as a single-family housing unit, duplex, triplex, townhome, or other primary housing unit. ▶ An attached accessory dwelling unit is an accessory dwelling unit located within or attached to a single-family housing unit, duplex, triplex, townhome, or other housing unit. ▶ A detached accessory dwelling unit is an accessory dwelling unit that consists partly or entirely of a building that is separate and detached from a single-family housing unit, duplex, triplex, townhome, or other housing unit and is on the same property. Accessory Use: A use of land or building or a portion thereof that is demonstrably subordinate and incidental to the primary use of the premises. “Act”: The Growth Management Act as enacted in chapter 17, Laws of 1990, 1st Ex. Sess, and chapter 32, Laws of 1991, 1st Special Sess., State of Washington (see Growth Management Act). Active Transportation: Forms of pedestrian mobility including walking or running, the use of a mobility assistive device such as a wheelchair, bicycling and cycling irrespective of the number of wheels, and the use of small personal devices such as foot scooters or skateboards. Active transportation includes both traditional and electric assist bicycles and other devices. Planning for active transportation must REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 513 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 consider and address accommodation pursuant to the Americans with disabilities act and the distinct needs of each form of active transportation. Adequate Public Facilities: Facilities that have the capacity to serve development without decreasing levels of service below locally established minimums. In Jefferson County, adequate public facilities are synonymous with adopted levels of service. Adjacent Property Owners: The owners of real property, as shown by the records of the County Assessor, located within three hundred feet of any portion of the boundary of the property proposed for division. If the owner of the real property which is proposed for division owns another parcel or parcels of real property which lie adjacent to the real property proposed for division, adjacent property owners shall mean owners of real property located within three hundred feet of any portion of the boundaries of such adjacently located parcels of real property. Adjacent: A lot or parcel of land that shares or touches all or part of a common lot line with another lot or parcel of land. Parcels that are cater-corner to one another also are considered adjacent. Administrative Design Review: A development permit process whereby an application is reviewed, approved, or denied by the planning director or the planning director's designee based solely on objective design and development standards without a public predecision hearing, unless such review is otherwise required by state or federal law, or the structure is a designated landmark or historic district established under a local preservation ordinance. A county may utilize public meetings, hearings, or voluntary review boards to consider, recommend, or approve requests for variances from locally established design review standards. Adult Family Home: A home facility that provides care for between two to six senior citizens or disabled persons who are unable to live independently. Affordable Housing: HB 1220, RCW 36.70A.030, and Jefferson County CPP #6 define affordable housing as residential housing whose monthly costs, including utilities other than telephone, do not exceed 30% of the monthly income of a household whose income is: ▶ Rental housing: 60% of the median household income adjusted for household size, for the county where the household is located, as reported by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). ▶ Owner-occupied housing: 80% of the median household income adjusted for household size, for the county where the household is located, as reported by HUD. Agriculture: Improvements or activities associated with the growing, cultivation, and/or harvesting of crops and livestock, including those activities necessary to prepare the agricultural commodity for shipment. Agricultural Land: Land primarily devoted to the commercial production of horticultural, viticulture, floriculture, dairy, apiary, vegetable, or animal products or of berries, grain, hay, straw, turf, seed, Christmas trees not subject to the excise tax imposed by RCW 84.33.100 through 84.33.140, or livestock, and that has long-term commercial significance or has local significance for agricultural production. Airport Approach Zone: An imaginary “zone” extending upward and outward from a runway’s centerline within which there may be additional height restrictions and/or limited land uses. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 514 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Annexation: The act of incorporating an area into the domain of a city. Aquaculture: Improvements or activities associated with the culture or farming of food fish, shellfish, or other aquatic plants or animals, including those activities necessary to prepare the aquacultural commodity for shipment. Aquifer: A saturated geologic formation that will yield a sufficient quantity of water to serve as a private or public water supply. Aquifer Recharge Areas: Areas where soils and geological materials permit the infiltration of natural or artificial sources of water in rates and quantities sufficient to recharge ground water reserves. Critical aquifer recharge areas are areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water, including areas where an aquifer that is a source of drinking water is vulnerable to contamination that would affect the potability of the water, or is susceptible to reduced recharge. Arterial, Minor: A street with signals at important intersections, stop signs on the side streets and that collects and distributes traffic to and from collector streets. Arterial, Principal: A street with access control, channelized intersections, restricted parking, and that collects and distributes traffic to and from minor arterials. Assisted Housing: Owner-occupied or rental housing which is subject to restrictions on rents or sales prices as a result of one or more project-based government subsidies. Assisted housing does not include holders of non-project-based Section 8 Certificates. Assisted Living Facility: Residences for the elderly that provide room, meals, personal care, supervision of self-administered medication and other services such as recreational activities, financial services and transportation. Best Available Science: With regard to designating and protecting critical areas, best available science refers to the utilization of the most current, widely-accepted scientific data, research, studies and/or reports in making land use and policy decisions. Best Management Practices (BMP): State-of-the-art technology as applied to a specific problem. BMPs are often required as part of major land development projects. BMPs represent physical, institutional, or strategic approaches to environmental problems, particularly with respect to nonpoint source pollution control. Block: A group of lots, tracts, parcels, or sites located within well-defined and fixed boundaries such as roads. Board: The Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners, (BOCC). Bond and Levying Financing: A method employed by local governments for generating revenue through either the sale of municipal bonds, which require 60 percent voter approval, or by increasing property tax, which requires a simple majority. Buffers: An area, unit or strip of land designed so as to shield, separate or protect one type of land use from another with which it is incompatible or to protect environmentally sensitive areas. Buffers REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 515 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 typically consist of open areas, landscaped areas, walls, fences, berms or any combination thereof which help to minimize conflicts from noise, light or other nuisances. Building: Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. Built Environment: A combination of buildings and related activities along with associated impervious surfaces, infrastructure, parking and landscaping. Capital Improvements: Projects to create, expand or modify a capital facility that have a minimum cost of $15,000 and have a life expectancy of at least five years. Capital Improvements include facilities such as utility systems, landfills, public buildings, streets, sidewalks, drainage and major equipment. Capital Improvements Program (CIP): A plan for future capital expenditures which identifies each capital project, its anticipated start and completion dates, and allocates existing funds and known revenue sources over a six-year period. Categorical Exemptions: Development actions, enumerated in WAC 197-11-800, which have been legislatively determined not to have significant adverse environmental impacts, and therefore do not require environmental review or documentation for potential impacts under the State Environmental Policy Act. Certified Local Government (CLG): A program established by the National Historic Preservation Act that provides technical and financial assistance to preserve historic buildings, sites, neighborhoods and other places of local importance. A local government that participates in the program and becomes certified is known as a “certified local government.” City: The incorporated City of Port Townsend, Washington. Cluster Development: A development design technique that groups or “clusters” buildings in specific areas on a site rather than spread evenly throughout the parcel as in a conventional lot-by-lot development. The remaining land is to remain undeveloped in perpetuity and used for recreation, common open space, and/or preservation of environmentally critical areas. Collector: A street that collects traffic from local streets and connects with minor or major arterials. Commercial Use: An activity that provides merchandise or services for compensation to an owner, leasee or licensee. Community Plan: A document that has been prepared by a group of individuals, representing individual communities, that outline the goals and visions set forth by community residents. Community Plans provide guidance for the countywide Comprehensive Plan. Community Sites and Facilities: Sites and facilities provided as a community service including, but not limited to, parks, open space, recreation facilities, water, and sanitary facilities. Co-housing (Intentional Communities): Single-family residential developments, subject to the underlying land use district density, which may contain lots or structures in common ownership subject to meeting all other applicable provisions of this UDC and if approved under the requirements of Article VI-M of chapter 18.15 JCC, where applicable REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 516 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Co-living Housing (UGA): A residential development within the UGA with sleeping units that are independently rented and lockable and provide living and sleeping space, and residents share kitchen facilities with other sleeping units in the building. Comprehensive Plan: A generalized coordinated policy statement of the government body of a city or county that is adopted pursuant to the Washington State Growth Management Act (Chapter 36.70A RCW). A document or series of documents prepared by a professional planning staff and planning commission that sets forth guidelines and policies for the future development of a specific geographical area (i.e., city or county). Concurrency: The provision of capital improvements, infrastructure or facilities at the same time (concurrent) with a development project so as to maximize efficiency and minimize costs. Conditional Use: A use that, owing to some special characteristics attendant to its operation or installation (e.g. potential danger, smoke or noise), is permitted in a district, subject to approval and special requirements, different from those usual requirements for the district in which the conditional use may be located. Condominium: A system of separate ownership of individual units, usually in a multiple tenant building. A single parcel of property with all the unit owners having a right in common to use the common elements with separate ownership confined to the individual units. Congregate Care: Care which caters to those who are unable to provide for themselves and which provides services such as housekeeping, transportation or other support services. Congregate Living Facilities (Nontransient): A building or part thereof that does not contain more than two dwelling units, with 16 or fewer nontransient occupants, and contains sleeping units where residents share bathroom or kitchen facilities, or both, as regulated under 310.4 Residential Group R-3, Washington State Building Code. Consistency: The requirement that subdivision regulations, zoning regulations and capital improvement programs be consistent with the comprehensive plan and each of its elements, and that individual land use decisions also be consistent with the plan. The GMA requires that the plan be both internally consistent and consistent with neighboring jurisdictions. Contiguous Development: Development of areas next to, adjacent, abutting, or touching one another. Parcels that are cater-corner to one another also are considered contiguous. Conversion Option Harvest Plan (COHP): A voluntary plan developed by a landowner and approved by the local government entity indicating the limits of harvest areas, road locations, and open space. Cooperative Housing: A multiple unit residential building owned and jointly administered and maintained by members of a cooperative generally residing in the building. Cost Burden and Severe Cost Burden: Households that spend more than 30% of their gross income on housing, including utilities, are considered “cost burdened.” Households spending more than 50% of their gross income on housing, including utilities, are “severely cost burdened.” Cost burdened households have less money available for other essentials, like food, clothing, transportation, and medical care. The 30% and 50% thresholds are set by HUD. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 517 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Cottage Industries: An accessory use within a single-family dwelling or building accessory to a dwelling and is wholly incidental and subordinate to the residential use of the property. Limited, small-scale commercial or industrial activity, including fabrication, and that can be conducted without substantial adverse impact on the residential environment in the vicinity. Some examples include: dressmaking, baking, weaving, carpentry, cosmetic sales, and sculpting. Cottage Housing: Residential units on a lot with a common open space that either: (a) Is owned in common; or (b) has units owned as condominium units with property owned in common and a minimum of 20% of the lot size as open space. County: Jefferson County, Washington. Countywide Planning Policy (CPP): Written policy statements developed cooperatively between the County and City of Port Townsend establishing a policy framework to guide development of the Comprehensive Plan and ensure that it is consistent with the provisions of the Growth Management Act (Chapter 36.70.210 RCW) and with each other’s Comprehensive Plans. Courtyard Apartments: Attached dwelling units arranged on two or three sides of a yard or court. Critical Areas: Areas of substantial importance as unique and vital ecosystems and which are highly susceptible to adverse impacts associated with development. Under GMA, every county or city must classify, designate, regulate and protect critical areas which include: ▶ Critical aquifer recharge areas; ▶ Frequently flooded areas; ▶ Geologically hazardous areas; ▶ Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas; and ▶ Wetlands CWSP: The Jefferson County Coordinated Water System Plan. Dark Sky: Denoting or located in a place where the darkness of the night sky is relatively free of interference from artificial light. Density: The number of households, persons or dwelling units per unit of land (usually expressed as “per acre”). Density Transfer: The transfer of all or part of the permitted density from one parcel to another. Detached Single-Family House: A residential building on a single lot, designed for occupancy by only one household and not attached to any other dwelling. Development: Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, or in use, or extension of the use of the land for any purpose including, but not limited to, construction, reconstruction, conversion, structural alteration, relocation, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation, drilling operations, or storage of equipment or vehicles. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 518 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Development Regulations: Any controls placed on development or land use activities by a county or city, including, but not limited to, zoning ordinances, official controls, planned unit development ordinances, subdivision ordinances, and binding site plan ordinances. Development Standards: Minimum standards for new development required by local governments for the provision of roadways, fire and building safety, utilities, storm water, landscaping, and public access. Domestic Water System: Any system providing an adequate supply of potable water pursuant to RCW 19.27.097 for the intended use of a development. Downzoning: A change in the zoning classification of land from a more intensive land use classification to one of less intensive development, such as a change from commercial to residential zoning. Duplex: A single structure containing two dwelling units within one building located on a single lot, which is used or intended to be used as the residence for two families. Dwelling Unit: A residential living unit that provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons and that includes permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. Easement: A grant by a property owner to a specific person, party, corporation or entity to use the owner's property for a specified purpose. Economic Development: Any development or activity which creates jobs and promotes economic vitality. Emergency Housing: Temporary indoor accommodation for individuals or families who are homeless or at imminent risk of becoming homeless that is intended to address the basic health, food, clothing, and personal hygiene needs of individuals or families. Emergency housing may or may not require occupants to enter into a lease or an occupancy agreement. Emergency Shelter: A facility that provides temporary shelter for individuals or families who are currently homeless. Emergency shelter may not require occupants to enter into a lease or an occupancy agreement. Emergency shelter facilities may include day and warming centers that do not provide overnight accommodations. Encroachment: Typically refers to the advance of land use(s) or activity upon adjacent and often incompatible land uses or activity. As used with respect to floodplains, any artificial restriction, physical object, or obstacles within a floodplain that hinders the passage of water or otherwise affects flood flows. Endangered, Threatened or Sensitive Species: Those species of fish and wildlife listed as endangered, threatened or sensitive by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service. Environmental Justice: The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Environmental justice includes addressing disproportionate environmental and health impacts in all laws, rules, and policies with environmental REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 519 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 impacts by prioritizing vulnerable populations and overburdened communities and the equitable distribution of resources and benefits. Essential Public Facilities: Important and necessary facilities which provide essential services such as airports, state educational and/or regional transportation facilities, state or local correctional facilities, solid waste handling facilities, and in-patient facilities including substance abuse facilities, mental health facilities and group homes, and which are typically difficult to site because of their potential adverse effects related to size, hazardous characteristics, noise, or public health and safety. Existing Area of More Intensive Development: As defined with regard to Engrossed Senate Bill 6094, an area of more intensive development is one that is clearly identifiable and contained and where there is a logical outer boundary delineated predominately by the built environment and that was in existence: ▶ On July 1, 1990 ▶ On the date the County adopted a resolution under RCW 36.70A.040(2); or ▶ On the date OFM certifies the County’s population. Extremely Low-income Household: A single person, family, or unrelated persons living together whose adjusted income is at or below 30% of the median household income adjusted for household size, for the county where the household is located, as reported by HUD. Fair Share Housing: The concept that seeks to equitably distribute affordable and special-needs housing proportionately throughout appropriate areas of the County which can accommodate it. Family: Any number of persons living together as a single housekeeping unit and doing their cooking on the premises as distinguished from a group occupying a boarding house or rooming house or motel. Family Wage Jobs: Jobs that pay a wage or salary which can support the typical needs of an average family. Farmland of Statewide Importance: Quality farmland that does not meet the criteria to be classified as prime farmland, but still has the capability to produce high crop yields when managed appropriately. First People: Native American groups that inhabited Jefferson County prior to the arrival of European settlers and explorers. Fish and Wildlife Habitat Areas: Areas that are designated as critical areas due to the presence of specified animal species. Fiveplex: A residential building with five attached dwelling units. Flood Fringe: That portion of the floodplain that lies between the floodway and the outer limits (i.e., boundary) of the 100-year floodplain. Floodplain: Synonymous with the 100-year floodplain, a floodplain is land that is susceptible to being inundated by stream-derived waters with a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 520 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Floodway: Those portions of the area of a river valley lying streamward from the outer limits of a water- course upon which flood waters are carried during periods of flooding that occur with reasonable regularity, although not necessarily annually, said floodway being identified, under normal conditions by a change in surface soil conditions or changes in types or quality of vegetative ground cover conditions. The floodway doesn’t include lands that can be reasonably expected to be protected from flood waters by flood control devices maintained by or maintained under licenses from the federal government, the State, or political subdivisions of the State. Forestland: Land devoted primarily to the growing trees for long-term commercial timber production on land that can be economically and practically managed for such production, including Christmas trees, subject to the excise tax imposed under RCW 84.33.100 through 84.33.140, for commercial purposes, and that has long-term commercial significance. Forest Practices: Any activity conducted on or directly pertaining to forest land and relating to growing, harvesting, or processing timber, including, but not limited to: road and trail construction; harvesting; final and intermediate; pre-commercial thinning; reforestation; fertilization; prevention and suppression of diseases and insects; salvage of trees; and brush control. Forest practices do not include preparatory work, such as tree marking, surveying and road flagging, or removal or harvest of incidental vegetation from forest lands such as berries, ferns, greenery, mistletoe, herbs, mushrooms, and other products which cannot normally be expected to result in damage to forest soils, timber or public resources (see Chapter 222-16-010(21) WAC). Forest Transition Overlay (FTO): An overlay district designation that creates a transitional area between Forest Lands and pre-existing high density residential land uses in order to minimize the potential for conflict and incompatibility. Forestry: The management, protection, production, cultivation and transporting of timber resources to ensure the continuous production of wood and wood products. Fourplex: A residential building with four attached dwelling units. Frequently Flooded Areas: Lands in the floodplain subject to at least a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year, or within areas subject to flooding due to high groundwater. These areas include, but are not limited to, streams, rivers, lakes, coastal areas, wetlands, and areas where high groundwater forms ponds on the ground surface. Frequently flooded areas perform important hydrologic functions and may present a risk to persons and property. Fully Contained Community: A fully contained community which supports a mix of uses that provide jobs, housing and services to the residents of the community and pursuant to the criteria set forth in RCW 36.70A.350. Functional Plans: Planning documents which establish long-range goals and objectives to guide County (or a city’s) operations and capital development requests. These plans typically represent ideal goals for specific County departments in providing services and facilities. Geographic Information Systems (GIS): An advanced computerized information system, capable of storing, organizing, analyzing and retrieving data and linking it to a map. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 521 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Geologically Hazardous Areas: Areas that, because of their susceptibility to erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geological events, are not suited to the siting of commercial, residential, or industrial development consistent with public health or safety concerns. Grandfathering: A process which permits the continuance of a land use or activity which, at the time of establishment, was a permitted, legally created use but may be an incompatible use upon the reclassification of underlying land use or zoning. (see also Legal existing, non-conforming uses). Ground Water: All water found beneath the ground surface, including slowly moving subsurface water present in aquifers and recharge areas. Growth Management: A method to control the amount, type and rate of growth and development and channel it into designated areas in order to minimize adverse environmental and fiscal impacts and maximize the health, safety, and welfare benefits to the residents of the community. Growth Management Act (GMA): The Growth Management Act as enacted in chapter 17, Laws of 1990, 1st Ex. Sess, and chapter 32, Laws of 1991, 1st Special Sess., State of Washington (see Growth Management Act). Hazardous Substances, or Dangerous Wastes: Substances that pose a present or potential hazard to human health or environment when improperly used, stored, transported or disposed of. Hazardous substances include those materials identified as hazardous waste in Title 40 CFR 261 or defined as hazardous substances in Title 40 CFR 302, and Chapter 173-303 WAC. HB 1110: HB 1110, often referred to as the “middle housing” bill, focuses on expanding housing affordability by requiring many cities in the state to allow a broader range of housing types in areas that previously allowed predominantly detached homes. These broader housing types generally focus on “middle housing” (e.g., duplex, triplex, fourplex, cottage housing, townhouse). Jefferson County has chosen to implement these changes within the unincorporated Irondale and Port Hadlock UGA, consistent with Commerce’s model ordinance for Tier 3 communities (e.g., population of less than 25,000). HB 1181: HB 1181 makes significant changes to the GMA to incorporate climate change into local comprehensive plans. Key changes include: ▶ Adding a 14th planning goal to the GMA related to climate change and resiliency. ▶ The Land Use Element must designate the proposed general distribution, location, and extent of green spaces and forests within the UGA; prioritize environmental justice (including efforts to avoid creating or worsening environmental health disparities); incorporate urban planning approaches that reduce VMT without increasing greenhouse gases elsewhere in the state; and reducing and mitigating the risk to lives and property posed by wildfires by using land use planning tools. ▶ The Transportation Element must incorporate multimodal level of service into land use assumptions used in estimating travel; incorporate active transportation facilities and multimodal level of service, consistent with environmental justice goals, into facilities and services needs; and prioritize future facilities and services that will provide the greatest multimodal safety benefit within forecasts of multimodal transportation demand and needs that inform the transportation element. ▶ Comprehensive plans must include a climate and resiliency element, which includes sub-elements for resiliency greenhouse gas emissions reduction and for resiliency. The resiliency sub-element is REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 522 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 mandatory for all counties and cities fully planning under the GMA (including Jefferson County). Communities can include these as a standalone element or integrated into other chapters / elements. The resiliency sub-element must include goals, policies, and programs that identify, protect, and enhance natural areas and communities to foster resiliency to climate impacts and address natural hazards created or exacerbated by climate change (a natural hazard mitigation plan or similar plan that meets certain requirements may be adopted by reference to satisfy this sub-element). The greenhouse gas emissions reduction sub-element is mandatory for the state’s 11 most populous counties and their cities (6,000 population and above as of April 1, 2021, per OFM estimates), which does not include Jefferson County. HB 1220: HB 1220 requires local jurisdictions to plan for and accommodate housing affordable to all economic segments of the population, including moderate, low, very low, and extremely low income, as well as emergency shelters and permanent supportive housing, when they update their local housing element. The bill mandates that comprehensive plans identify land use capacity, barriers, and programs to address housing shortage, and introduces an equity lens to require jurisdictions to assess and address racially disparate impacts, displacement, and exclusion in housing, identify areas at high risk of displacement, and establish anti-displacement policies. HB 1337: HB 1337 requires fully planning cities and counties under the GMA to revise their zoning regulations to allow two ADUs per lot in UGAs (both attached, both detached, or one attached and one detached). It prohibits restrictive local requirements (e.g., jurisdiction may not require owner occupancy, must allow separate sale of ADUs, may not charge more than 50% of impact fees charged for the principal unit, limits the use of design standards) and revises requirements for height, setbacks, maximum size limits, parking, and other regulations. Jurisdictions must implement the changes within six months after their next periodic comprehensive plan update (the 2025 Periodic Update for Jefferson County). Highly Impacted Communities: A community designated by the department of health based on cumulative impact analyses in RCW 19.405.140 or a community located in census tracts that are fully or partially on "Indian country" as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1151. Historically Marginalized Communities: Include, but are not limited to, native and Indigenous peoples, people of color, immigrants and refugees, people with low incomes, those with disabilities and health conditions, and people with limited English proficiency. Home Occupations: Home-based businesses that are secondary and incidental to the primary residential use of the structure, provide supplemental income for a family, consist of limited-scale service or fabrication, and are limited to mail order and phone sales with off-site delivery. Household: A household includes a group of people living within the same housing unit. This can be a person living alone, a family, or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing unit. Those living in group quarters, such as a college dormitory, military barrack, or nursing home, are not considered to be living in households. Households are further broken down as either family or nonfamily. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 523 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 HUD: The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). This is the entity responsible for federal housing programs, such as Housing Choice Vouchers (also known as Section 8 vouchers) which provide rental assistance. HUD sets income limits for metropolitan areas and counties across the country that determine eligibility for income-restricted housing units. HUD also sets thresholds to define terms such as “affordable” and “cost burden. HUD Area Median Family Income: Refers to the HUD Area Median Family Household Income (MFI or AMI) which varies by household size. MFI is a different measure than median household income from the ACS and is not comparable because median household income from the ACS includes all households, not just family households. Hydraulic Project Approval: A permit from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) that you need before you construct a project or conduct other work activities in or near the water. Impact Fee: A fee or exaction imposed on developers to pay for the costs to the community of providing services to a new development. It is a means of providing funds for financing new improvements without resorting to deficit financing. The Growth Management Act authorizes imposition of impact fees on new development and sets the conditions under which they may be imposed. Impervious Surface: A hard-surfaced area that either prevents or retards the entry of water into the soil mantle under natural conditions; a constructed hard surfaced area that causes water to run off the surface in greater quantities or at an increased rate of flow from the flow present under natural conditions prior to development. Impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to: roofs; walkways; patios; driveways; parking lots or storage areas; concrete or asphalt paving; gravel roads; packed earthen materials; and oiled or macadam surfaces which similarly impede the natural infiltration of storm water. Incentive (Bonus) Zoning: The granting of additional development capacity or bonuses, via methods such as smaller lot sizes, in exchange for the developer’s provision of a public benefit or amenity, such as open space or a public plaza. Inclusionary Housing: An affordable housing production strategy that seeks to provide a specified number of affordable and low-income units within new housing developments. Inclusionary housing units are generally provided through density bonus incentives, requirements for cash contributions to a pool or minimum percentages of affordable units, or combinations of requirements and incentives. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 524 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Income-Restricted Housing: Refers to housing units that are only available to households with incomes at or below a set income limit and are offered for rent or sale at below-market rates. Industrial Use: Any activity involved in the production, processing, manufacturing, fabrication, or assembling of goods and materials, including the storage of material used in the industrial process. Warehousing and distribution centers are also considered industrial activities. Infill Development: Development consisting of either (1) construction on one or more lots in an area which is mostly developed, or (2) new construction between two existing structures. Infrastructure: The basic facilities and services necessary to sustain commercial, residential or industrial uses including public utilities such as water, sewer, roads, power or communications service. Instream Flow: A base flow adopted into Washington State regulations used to condition water rights. A water right for instream resources such as fish, wildlife, recreation, aesthetics, navigation, stock watering, and water quality with a priority date set when the instream flow rule was adopted. Intensity: The degree to which the land is used, or level of concentration or activity of land uses such as, residential, commercial, industrial or recreational. a. Less intensive use: Refers to a type of land use that is less concentrated, generally results in a decreased impact or activity, utilizes fewer resources and/or services, or creates less of a demand as, for example, the difference between commercial and residential land uses. b. More intensive use: A type of use which generally creates a greater demand for services or resources, generates increased activity and/or in greater concentrations, and has a greater impact upon the land use or its environs. Inter-Agency Committee (IAC): A committee created by the Washington State Legislature under Chapter 43.99 RCW to assist in the preservation, conservation, and enhancement of the State’s recreational resources. Inter-Jurisdictional: Relationships between governmental jurisdictions such as city, county, state, tribal, federal government agencies, special purpose districts, water, fire and port districts. Jefferson County Code (JCC): The Jefferson County Code contains the provisions under which the County government functions. Joint Planning Area: The portion of the unincorporated county which is the future growth and service area of a city and for which planning will occur jointly between the county and that city. Jefferson County Regional Emergency Preparedness Network (JPREP): is a network of representatives from county entities, emergency responders and community volunteers that work together to prepare for emergency or disaster. Quarterly meetings, exercises and other efforts are coordinated to communicate, plan and practice readiness in the case of different types of emergencies. Land Banks: Acquisition of land for the purpose of reserving it for specified future development types. Land Trust: An organization created to acquire and manage land to sustain long-term affordability and preserve the qualities of the land such as historical significance, environmental value, or agricultural REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 525 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 value. The land trust organization leases development rights to individual or nonprofit organizations who agree to reasonable limitations on resale profits while maintaining basic owner equity and tenure rights. Land Use: A term used to indicate the utilization of any piece of land; The way in which land is being used. Legal Existing (Non-conforming) Uses: A lawful use of land that does not comply with the use regulations for its zoning district but which complied with applicable regulations at the time the use was established. (See also Grandfathering). Level of Service (LOS): A qualitative measure of service levels or operating conditions used in reference to transportation systems, public facilities or services. Typically, level of service means an established minimum capacity of public facilities or services that must be provided, per unit of demand, or other appropriate measure of need. Local Improvement District (LID): A quasi-governmental organization formed by landowners to finance and construct a variety of physical infrastructure improvements beneficial to its members. Procedures for establishing a LID in Washington are addressed in RCWs 35.43 through 35.56. Location Factors: Features which affect where a particular type of commercial or industrial operation will locate. Location factors include but are not limited to: Proximity to raw materials, supplies, and services; proximity to markets or educational institutions; access to transportation facilities; labor market factors (e.g., skill level, education, age distribution, etc.). Long-Term Commercial Significance: As used with respect to natural resource lands, it includes the growing capacity, productivity, and soil composition of the land for long-term commercial production, with consideration of the land's proximity to population areas and the impact of this proximity on the ability to practically and economically manage the land, and the possibility of more intense uses of the land. Lot: A fractional portion of land having fixed boundaries, and of sufficient area and dimension to meet the requirements set forth in the Jefferson County Zoning Code. Lot Consolidation: The process of “merging” or “consolidating” substandard lots under contiguous ownership into one lot or parcel to create a lot or parcel which meets the current minimum lot size requirements. Low-Income Household: A single person, family, or unrelated persons living together whose adjusted income is at or below 80% of the median income adjusted for household size, for the county where the household is located as determined by HUD. Major Industrial Development: Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.365, a master-planned location for a specific manufacturing, industrial, or commercial business that should be located in an Urban Growth Area but can be conditionally permitted outside the UGA boundary if it is shown that the activity: a. requires a parcel of land so large that no suitable parcels are available within an urban growth area; or REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 526 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 b. is a natural resource-based industry requiring a location near agricultural land, forestland, or mineral resource land upon which it is dependent. Furthermore, a major industrial development cannot be for the purpose of commercial shopping development or multitenant office parks. Major Transit Stop: A stop on a high-capacity transportation system funded or expanded under the provisions of Chapter 81.104 RCW, commuter rail stops, stops on rail or fixed guideway systems, or stops on bus rapid transit routes, including those stops that are under construction. Manufactured Housing: A manufactured structure or major portion of a building designed for long- term residential use, which is transportable in one (1) or more sections and is designed for use with or without a permanent foundation when connected to required utilities. Manufactured/Mobile Home Park: A development with two or more improved pads or spaces with required improvements and utilities designed to accommodate manufactured/mobile homes, according to RCW 59.20.030. Market-rate Housing: Housing whose cost is determined by the real estate market. Master Planned Resort (Existing): A self-contained, fully integrated planned unit development in a setting of significant natural amenities, with a primary focus on destination resort facilities consisting of short-term visitor accommodations associated with a range of developed on-site indoor or outdoor recreational facilities and pursuant to the criteria set forth in RCW 36.70A.362. Median Household Income: Median household income is calculated based on the incomes of all households, including one-person households. Middle Housing: Buildings that are compatible in scale, form, and character with single-family houses and contain two or more attached, stacked, or clustered homes including duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, fiveplexes, sixplexes, townhouses, stacked flats, courtyard apartments, and cottage housing. Mineral Extraction: The removal of minerals including, but not limited to, sand, gravel, shale, rock, coal, soil, peat or clay from an excavation in the earth. Mineral Resources: Include gravel, sand, rock, other aggregates and valuable metallic substances. Mineral Resource Lands: Lands primarily devoted to the extraction of minerals or that have known mineral resources or the potential of long-term commercial significance for the extraction of minerals. Mining: The removal of naturally occurring rock, sand, gravel, and minerals from the earth. Moderate-income Household: A single person, family, or unrelated persons living together whose adjusted income is at or below 120% of the median household income adjusted for household size, for the county where the household is located, as reported by HUD. Multi-Family Residential Development: Developments containing structures housing two or more residential dwelling units. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 527 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Multimodal: The integration or coordination of multiple types of transportation systems including, but not limited to, non-motorized transportation, transit, automobile, rail, water or aviation. Natural Resource-Based Industry: Those industries that are directly dependent upon natural resources for manufacturing or processing and which typically locate near the natural resource upon which they are dependent. Examples include, but are not limited to, sawmills or fish canneries. Natural Resource Lands: Agricultural, forest, aquaculture, and mineral resource lands that have long- term commercial significance. Non-Conforming Use: See Grandfathering and/or Legal Existing Uses. Nonmotorized: Generally, refers to bicycle, pedestrian, and other modes of transportation not involving a motor vehicle. Nonpoint Source Pollution: A diffuse source of water pollution that freely flows across natural or man- made surfaces from activities such as agriculture, urban run-off, mining and silviculture. Non-structural Solutions: Shoreline protection measures to prevent loss of upland property, usually referring to the placement of beach material or vegetation management at the shore in order either to replace eroded material, to feed a littoral current that would otherwise cause shoreline retreat, or to plant vegetation to stabilize shore material. Nuisance: Any use or activity that interferes with the use or enjoyment of property, endangers personal health or safety, or is offensive to the senses. OFM: Washington State Office of Financial Management. On-site Retention: Permanent impounding of storm water, or a substantial portion of storm water, in manmade or man-modified lakes and ponds. On-site retention is often required for developments. Open Space Land: Land not occupied by buildings or other structures, and which is set aside to serve as a buffer, provide recreational opportunities, protect environmentally sensitive areas, preserve wildlife corridors, provide viewsheds or to serve as locations for future public facilities. Overburdened Community: A geographic area where vulnerable populations face combined, multiple environmental harms, and health impacts, and includes, but is not limited to, highly impacted communities as defined in RCW 19.405.020. Overlay District: A specially designated zoning district containing additional standards and requirements, which is applied on top of a basic zoning classification. Examples include Historic Districts, Office/Clinic, Gateway Corridor, Design District, and Pedestrian overlays. Park: Public land set aside for recreational, educational, aesthetic or cultural use. Park Model, Recreational Park Trailer, or Tiny Home on Wheels: A trailer-type unit that has substantially lost its identity as a mobile unit by virtue of its being permanently fixed on property complying with American National Standards Institute 4119.5 standard for park trailers as defined by WAC 296-150P-0020. These units bear an insignia issued by the Washington Department of Labor & REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 528 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Industries or equivalent. This definition does not include Recreational Vehicles as defined by the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries. Permanent Supportive Housing: Subsidized, leased housing with no limit on length of stay that prioritizes people who need comprehensive support services to retain tenancy and utilizes admissions practices designed to use lower barriers to entry than would be typical for other subsidized or unsubsidized rental housing, especially related to rental history, criminal history, and personal behaviors. Permanent supportive housing is paired with on-site or off-site voluntary services designed to support a person living with a complex and disabling behavioral health or physical health condition who was experiencing homelessness or was at imminent risk of homelessness prior to moving into housing to retain their housing and be a successful tenant in a housing arrangement, improve the resident's health status, and connect the resident of the housing with community-based health care, treatment, or employment services. Permanent supportive housing is subject to all of the rights and responsibilities defined in RCW Chapter 59.18. Permeability: The rate at which water moves through undisturbed soil. Planned Rural Residential Development (PRRD): Development characterized by a unified site design, clustered residential units, and areas of common open space pursuant to Article VI-M of chapter 18.15 JCC. Planned Unit Development (PUD): A form of development usually characterized by a unified site design for a number of housing units and compatible nonresidential uses, including provisions for the clustering of buildings and promotion of common open space, and may include density increases and a mix of buildings types and land uses. PUDs allow for the planning of a project and the calculation of densities over the entire development, rather than on an individual lot-by-lot basis. Planning Period: The 20-year period following the adoption of a comprehensive plan or such longer period as may have been selected as the initial planning horizon by the planning jurisdiction. Plat: A map of the design of a land subdivision. Prime Agricultural Land: Soils with little or no limitations or hazards for crop production. Prime Farmland: Land that has the best combination of characteristics for agricultural production and is not urban in nature Principal Use: The main or primary purpose for which a building, other structure and/or lot is designed, arranged, or intended, or for which it may be used, occupied or maintained. Protective Easement: An easement for the purpose of precluding future or additional development of the land. Protective easements are generally used to preserve tidelands, shorelines, marshes, streamways, or other environmentally sensitive areas. Public Benefit and Rating System: Open space applications are awarded points on the Public Benefit Rating (PBR) Scale to the extent that they implement policies which prioritize types of open space. Public Facilities: Any use of land, whether publicly or privately owned, for transportation, utilities, or communications, or for the benefit of the general public, including streets, roads, highways, sidewalks, REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 529 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 storm and sanitary sewer systems, parks and recreational facilities, schools, libraries, fire and police stations, municipal and county buildings, powerhouses and cemeteries (see 36.70A.030 RCW). Public Services: The full range of services traditionally provided by local government including fire protection, law enforcement, public health, education, recreation, environmental protection, and other governmental services. RCW: Revised Code of Washington. Real Estate Excise Transfer Tax (REET): A tax levied on the sale of real property. The amount of the tax is determined as a percentage of the sales price. The GMA authorized cities to impose a second 0.25 per cent REET tax to be used to fund capital projects. Recreational Facilities: Facilities such as trails and pathways, parks, and campgrounds that provide opportunities for leisure-type activities. Regional Services: Goods, services and/or facilities that serve the population of a large geographic area. Regional Transportation Plan: The transportation plan for the regionally designated transportation system and which is produced by the Regional Transportation Planning Organization. Regional Transportation Planning Organization (RTPO): A voluntary organization of local, multi- county governments which coordinate inter-regional transportation needs pursuant to RCW 47.80.020. Residential Use: Any land which provides for living space. Examples include single family dwellings, multi-family dwellings, artist studio/dwelling, boarding house, caretaker's quarters, special residence, floating homes, and mobile homes. Resource-Based Industrial Zone (RBIZ): A Forest Resource-Based Industrial Zone designation that recognizes existing, active sawmills and related activities. Rezone: Changing the zoning designation to a different zoning classification. Right-of-Way (ROW): A recorded right to use or travel over a specified property. The property can be an area or strip of land, public or private. Most commonly, it refers to land on which a street, sidewalk, or railroad is located. It can also be occupied by utilities, transmission lines, oil or gas pipelines, drainageways or similar facilities although pathways for these features are more commonly referred to as easements. Runway Protection Zone: A trapezoidal area located adjacent to each end of a runway representing the ground level at the innermost portion of the runway approach. Rural Character: Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.030, rural character refers to the patterns of land use and development established by a county in the rural element of its comprehensive plan: a. In which open space, the natural landscape, and vegetation predominate over the built environment; b. That foster traditional rural lifestyles, rural-based economies, and opportunities to both live and work in rural areas; REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 530 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 c. That provide visual landscapes that are traditionally found in rural areas and communities; d. That are compatible with the use of the land by wildlife and for fish and wildlife habitat; e. That reduce the inappropriate conversion of undeveloped land into sprawling, low-density development; f. That generally do not require the extension of urban governmental services; and g. That are consistent with the protection of natural surface water flows and groundwater and surface water recharge and discharge areas. Rural Crossroads: Those areas established by virtue of historic transportation patterns and characterized by existing concentrations of small-scale commercial uses fronting on, or in close proximity to, major transportation routes and intersections. The interim boundaries of Rural Crossroads are defined by the contained built environment that existed in 1990 or before. These site-specific areas serve an identified existing need for the local community and cannot be expanded in size. The following three types of Commercial Rural Crossroads exist in Jefferson County: Convenience Crossroads, Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads, and General Crossroads: ▶ Convenience Crossroads (CC): Those crossroads that provide a limited selection of basic retail goods and services, and serve a lower intensity population base and the traveling public. Convenience Crossroads are characterized by a single convenience/general store. There are four (4) Convenience Crossroads in Jefferson County: Wawa Point, Beaver Valley, Nordland, and SR 104/Shine Road. ▶ Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads (NC): Those crossroads which provide multiple uses and services serving both the local community and the traveling public. There are five (5) Neighborhood/Visitor Crossroads in Jefferson County: Mats Mats, Discovery Bay, Gardner, Chimacum, and Four Corners. ▶ General Crossroads (GC): General Crossroads are similar to Neighborhood Crossroads but serve a higher local population base and offer a wider variety of goods and services. There is one (1) General Crossroads in Jefferson County: the SR 19/20 Intersection. Rural Development: Refers to development outside the Urban Growth Area and outside agricultural, forest, and mineral resource lands designated pursuant to RCW 36.70A.170. Rural development does not refer to agriculture or forestry activities that may be conducted in rural areas. Rural Lands: Land which primarily contains a mix of low-density residential development, is not within an Urban Growth Area, and is not designated as natural resource land having long term commercial significance for production of agricultural products or timber. Rural Services: Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.030, rural services are those public services and facilities historically and typically delivered at an intensity usually found in rural areas, and may include domestic water systems, fire and police protection services, transportation and public transit services and other public utilities associated with rural development and not normally associated with urban areas. Rural services do not include storm or sanitary sewers except as otherwise authorized by RCW 36.70A.110(4). Rural Village Center(s): Small, unincorporated commercial and residential community centers that provide a rural level of services and which serve as a focal point for the local population. The interim boundaries of the Rural Village Centers are predominantly defined by the contained, built environment as it existed in 1990 or before. These commercial districts allow modest in-fill development that REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 531 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 maintains the character of the immediate area, but cannot expand their designated boundaries. In Jefferson County these centers include Quilcene and Brinnon. Salt Water Intrusion: The process of sea water being drawn into ground water sources or aquifers. Seawater Intrusion Protection Zones (SIPZ): Aquifers and land overlying aquifers with some degree of vulnerability to seawater intrusion. SIPZ are defined either by proximity to marine shoreline or by proximity to groundwater sources that have demonstrated high chloride readings. Scenic Corridor: Strip of land along streams, rivers, cliffs, bays, shorelines, ridges or roadways that provides scenic vistas, views or aesthetically-pleasing landscapes. SEPA: See State Environmental Policy Act. Service Area: A geographic area defined by a county or intergovernmental agreement in which a defined set of public facilities provides service to development within the area. Its boundaries are typically delineated according to the distance people are willing to travel for goods and services. Shoreline Management Act: A law passed by the Washington State Legislature in 1971 and ratified by the voters in 1972 (reference RCW 90.58). The Shoreline Management Act requires local governments to establish a program, consistent with the rules adopted by the Department of Ecology, for the administration and enforcement of the permit system for shoreline management. Shoreline Master Program (SMP): Local land-use policies and regulations that guide public and private use of Washington lake, stream, wetland, and marine shorelines. Shorelines: All the water areas of Jefferson County, including reservoirs and their associated wetlands, together with lands underlying them, except: a. Shorelines of state-wide significance; b. Shorelines or segments of streams upstream of a point where the mean annual flow is twenty cubic feet per second or less and the wetlands associated with such upstream segments; and c. Shorelines on lakes less than twenty acres in size and wetlands associated with such small lakes. Shorelines of State-wide Significance: A shoreline of the State with respect to Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend as identified as follows: a. Those lakes, whether natural, artificial, or a combination thereof, with a surface acreage of one thousand acres or more measured at the ordinary high-water mark, including associated wetlands; b. Those areas of Puget Sound and adjacent salt waters and the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the ordinary high watermark and the line of extreme low tide, which are Hood Canal from Tala Point to Foulweather Bluff south to the Mason-Jefferson County line, including associated wetlands; c. Those areas of Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca and adjacent salt waters north to the Canadian line and lying seaward from the line of extreme low tide; and REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 532 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 d. Those natural rivers or segments thereof downstream from a point where the mean annual flow is measured at one thousand cubic feet per second or more. In Jefferson County these rivers are the Clearwater, Hoh, and Quinault. Short Plat (Short Subdivision): The division or redivision of land into four or fewer lots, tracts, parcels, sites, or divisions for the purpose of sale, lease, or transfer of ownership; and within UGAs, a division of land up to a maximum of nine lots. Significant Trees: Trees with significant aesthetic, cultural, environmental or historical importance including, but not limited to, ridge-top trees, riparian buffers, and Port Townsend forest corridor trees. Single Family Residence: A dwelling unit detached from any other dwelling unit and intended for occupation by one immediate family. Sixplex: A residential building with six attached dwelling units. Sleeping Unit: A single unit that provides rooms or spaces for one or more persons, includes permanent provisions for sleeping and can include provisions for living, eating and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units. Small-scale Recreational or Tourist-related Uses: Those uses which are leisure or recreational in nature and typically are reliant upon a rural setting. Examples include, but are not limited to, the following: campgrounds, U-fish ponds, hot springs, trails, cultural or religious retreats, mini-golf, public gardens, marinas and music festivals. Special Needs Housing: Housing designed for persons who require supportive social services in order to live independently or semi-independently. Special needs groups include, but are not limited to, the homeless, elderly, persons with disabilities and persons with substance abuse Spot Zoning: The process of signaling out a small parcel of land for a use classification that is different and inconsistent with the surrounding area, for the benefit of the owner of such property and to the detriment of the rights of other property owners. Sprawl: see Urban Sprawl. Stacked Flat: Dwelling units in a residential building of no more than three stories on a residential zoned lot in which each floor may be separately rented or owned. Stakeholder: Any affected or interested person or party including, but not limited to, property owners, tribes, government agencies, businesses or organizations. State Environmental Policy Act, (SEPA): The State law passed in 1971 requiring state and local agencies to consider environmental impacts in the decision-making process. Storm Water: Water that is generated by rainfall and is often routed into drain systems in order to prevent flooding. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 533 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Storm Water Detention: The process of collecting and holding back storm water for a delayed release to receiving waters. Strip Development: Intensive development, typically commercial, and usually arranged in a linear pattern, located on both sides of an arterial. Strip Zoning: A zone normally consisting of a ribbon of uses fronting both sides of an arterial roadway and extending inward for half a block. Structure, Detached: A structure, which has no common or party wall with another structure. Subdivision: Any division of land regulated under the Jefferson County Subdivision Ordinance, No. 4- 0526-92, as amended, for the purpose of sale or lease. Subsidized Housing: Refers to housing units for lower income households that are operated directly by a public housing authority or its affiliate, or that are insured, financed, or assisted in whole or in part through a government program. Housing providers may use tax credit subsidies to lower the cost of units offered or households may use vouchers for market rate units. Substandard Dwelling: A dwelling unit that does not meet the building code requirements through lack of maintenance, age of unit, neglect, lack of (part or all) plumbing facilities, kitchen facilities, or crowded conditions. Substandard Lot: A lot or parcel that does not meet the minimum lot size requirements of current development regulations. Surface Water: That portion of water that appears on the land surface, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, springs and wetlands. Targeted Industry Program: A program that identifies and targets specific industries or business activities that the County wishes to promote or encourage. Time Share: A building used or intended for use as an occasional residential accommodation by one or more persons who permanently reside elsewhere and who typically share in operating expenditures such as rent and upkeep. Tourist-Related Industries: See Small-scale Recreational or Tourist-Related Uses. Townhouses: Buildings that contain three or more attached single-family dwelling units that extend from foundation to roof and that have a yard or public way on not less than two sides Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs): A program in which the development rights are separated from the land in an area in which a community wishes to limit development, and permits them to be sold for use in an area targeted for high-density development. Transitional Housing: A project that provides housing and supportive services to homeless persons or families for up to two years and that has as its purpose facilitating the movement of homeless persons and families into independent living. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 534 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Transit: A multiple-occupant vehicle operated on a for-hire, shared-ride basis, including bus, ferry, rail, shuttle bus, or vanpool. Public transportation can include, but is not limited to: public bus, trolley, light rail, heavy rail, and commuter rail transport, but not ferries or van pools. Transportation Improvement Project (TIP): A jurisdiction’s six-year road improvement program. Trip: A one-direction movement, which begins at the origin and ends at the destination. For example, a trip movement from a residence to a work place is a trip from home to work. Trip Generation: The second step in forecasting the number of trips generated by the forecasted land use. The number of trips made to and from each type of land use by day. Trip generation provides the linkage between land use and travel. Trips generated at the home end are generally termed “production.” Trips generated by business are generally termed “attractions.” Triplex: A residential building with three attached dwelling units. Upzoning: A change in the zoning classification of land to a classification allowing more intensive use of the land, such as a change from single family to multi-family residential (see downzoning). Unified Development Code (UDC): The set of development regulations in Jefferson County that implement the Comprehensive Plan. Unit Lot Subdivision: A land division of a parent site into separately owned unit lots. Urban Growth: Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.030 (48), urban growth is growth that makes intensive use of land for the location of buildings, structures, and impermeable surfaces to such a degree as to be incompatible with the primary use of land for the production of food, other agricultural products, or fiber, or the extraction of mineral resources, rural uses, rural development, and natural resource lands designated pursuant to RCW 36.70A.170. A pattern of more intensive rural development, as provided in RCW 36.70A.070(5)(d), is not urban growth. When allowed to spread over wide areas, urban growth typically requires urban governmental services. “Characterized by urban growth” refers to land having urban growth located on it, or to land located in relationship to an area with urban growth on it as to be appropriate for urban growth. Urban Growth Areas (UGA): Areas which counties designate, in consultation with cities, where urban growth will be encouraged and supported with urban levels of services pursuant to the criteria set forth in RCW 36.70A.110. The Urban Growth Areas are to include areas and densities sufficient to permit the urban growth that is projected to occur in the County for the succeeding 20-year period. Urban Growth Boundaries: The line or boundary that delineates the limit between the Urban Growth Areas and other areas such as rural and resource areas where urban growth is not allowed, as designated by the County in consultation with its cities, under the requirements of the GMA. Urban Services: Pursuant to RCW 36.70A.030, urban services are those public services and public facilities at an intensity historically and typically provided in cities, specifically including storm and sanitary sewer systems, domestic water systems, street cleaning services, fire and police protection services, public transit services, street improvements such as sidewalks, curbs and gutters and other public utilities associated with urban areas and normally not associated with rural. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 535 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Urban Sprawl: Scattered, poorly planned urban development that occurs particularly in urban fringe and rural areas and frequently invades land important for environmental and natural resource protection. Urban sprawl typically manifests itself in one or more of the following patterns (see also Sprawl): a. Leap frog development: when new development is sited away from an existing urban area, bypassing vacant parcels located in or closer to the urban area that are suitable for development; b. Strip development: when large amounts of commercial, retail, and often multi-family residential development are located in a linear pattern along both sides of a major arterial and typically, accessing directly onto the arterial; and c. Large expanses of low-density, single-family dwelling development. Unit Density: The number of dwelling units allowed on a lot, regardless of lot size. Unit Lot Subdivisions: Divisions of a parent lot into separately owned unit lots that meet the requirements of JCC 18.35, Article IX. Use: The purpose for which the building or structure or premises or part thereof is used, occupied or intended to be used or designed to be used or occupied; or An activity, occupation, business or operation carried on, or intended to be carried on, in a building or on a tract of land; or Any purpose for which a building or other structure or parcel of land may be designed, arranged, intended, maintained or occupied, or Any activity, occupation, business or operation carried out, or intended to be carried on, in a building or other structure or on a parcel of land; or Anything done or permitted by the owner or occupant of any land, building or structure, directly or indirectly, or through any trustee, tenant, servant or agent for or with the knowledge or consent of such owner or occupant, for the purpose of making use of said land, building or structure. Very Low-income Household: A single person, family, or unrelated persons living together whose adjusted income is at or below 50% of the median household income adjusted for household size, for the county where the household is located, as reported by HUD. Vest(ed/ing): The status of a project for which landowners are granted permission to proceed with development after obtaining all necessary permits and meeting all criteria set forth by the appropriate agencies. In Washington State, the time at which the project is vested is statutorily defined. When a complete building permit application for a structure to be used in a manner permitted under the land use regulations in effect on the date of such application is submitted, the applicant will be entitled to improve and use land under the ordinances of the County in effect on the date of the complete building application. A vested right to subdivide is established as of the date a “fully competed application for preliminary plat approval has been submitted.” REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 536 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Village Commercial Center: The zoning classification of Port Ludlow Master Planned Resort’s commercial area. Vulnerable Populations: Population groups that are more likely to be at higher risk for poor health outcomes in response to environmental harms, due to: (i) adverse socioeconomic factors, such as unemployment, high housing and transportation costs relative to income, limited access to nutritious food and adequate health care, linguistic isolation, and other factors that negatively affect health outcomes and increase vulnerability to the effects of environmental harms; and (ii) sensitivity factors, such as low birth weight and higher rates of hospitalization. "Vulnerable populations" include but are not limited to racial or ethnic minorities, low-income populations, and populations disproportionately impacted by environmental harms. WAC: Washington Administrative Code. Water-Dependent Use or Activity: A use or portion of a use which can not exist in any other location and is dependent on the water by reason of the intrinsic nature of its operations. Examples of water- dependent uses may include ship cargo terminal loading areas, ferry and passenger terminals, barge loading facilities, ship building and dry docking, marinas, aquaculture, float plane facilities and sewer outfalls. Water-Enjoyment Use or Activity: A recreational use, activity or other use facilitating public access to the shoreline as a primary characteristic of the use; or a use that provides for recreational use or aesthetic enjoyment of the shoreline for a substantial number of people as a general characteristic of the use and which, through the location, design and operation, assures the public’s ability to enjoy the physical and aesthetic qualities of the shoreline. Water-Oriented Use or Activity: Any combination of water-dependent or water-enjoyment uses or activities. Water-Related Use or Activity: A use or a portion of a use which is not intrinsically dependent on a waterfront location but whose economic viability is dependent upon a waterfront location because: Of a functional requirement for a waterfront location such as the arrival or shipment of materials by water or the need for large quantities of water or, The use provides a necessary service supportive of the water-dependent commercial activities and the proximity of the use to its customers makes its service less expensive and/or more convenient. A use or activity which must be located close to the land/water interface to support a water-dependent use or activity either by its own operation or by the provision of the services it houses. Warehousing of goods transported by water, seafood processing plants, hydroelectric generating plants, and log storage are examples of water-related uses or activities. Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA): Geographic areas defined by the Washington Department of Ecology and used for water resource planning and administration, including instream flow and other water resource-related rules. Watershed: The geographic region within which water drains into a particular river, stream, or body of water. A watershed includes hills, lowlands, and the body of water into which the land drains. REFERENCES, PHOTOS, ACRONYMS, & GLOSSARY Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan 537 Public Hearing Draft June 2026 Western Jefferson County: The Pacific Coast of Jefferson County, west of the Olympic National Forrest and the Olympic National Park. Wetland: Areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. Wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from non-wetland sites, including, but not limited to, irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and landscape amenities, or those wetlands created after July 1, 1990, that were unintentionally created as a result of the construction of a road, street, or highway. Wetlands may include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from non-wetland areas created to mitigate conversion of wetlands, if permitted by the County. Wildland Urban Interface (WUI): The geographical area where structures and other human development meets or intermingles with wildland vegetative fuels. WSESD: Washington State Employment Security Division Zero Lot Line: A common lot line on which a shared wall of structure may be constructed. Zoning: A measure enacted by general purpose unit of local government in which the community is divided into districts or zones within which permitted and special uses are established as are regulations governing lot size, building bulk, placement, and other development standards. The Zoning Ordinance consists of two parts, the text and the map.