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Home My WebLink About1991 Quilcene/Dabob Watershed Monitoring/Stream :& Quality AssuranceQUILCENE /DABOB WATERSHED MONITORING /STREAM SURVEY PLAN AND QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTION GRANT NUMBER TAX90094 MARCH 30, 1991 GRANTEE: JEFFERSON COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT PO BOX 1220 PORT TOWNSEND, WA 98368 ECOLOGY Project Manag( ECOLOGY QA Coordinatoi GRANTEE QA Coordinato 6�0 ,A,re JEFFERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND BUILDING DEPARTMENT WATER QUALITY PROGRAM P.O. Box 1220 leg Port Townsend, Washington 98368 (206) 385-9149 JEFFERSON COUNTY COURTHOUSE Determan Department of Ecology David Goldsmith, Director Mall; Stop pv-21 Olympia, WA 90-504-80 7 Marc'-,-- 30 19s, e a n Dea� Mr. Del -ted to the Depart.-,qe-nt --'-Ie attac'-1-ea aocu-nen 's sub rl 4 41 1 of Eco"Ogy for, n. a P= ovate and s-fgnatlures. "ay understand�4ng you are bot-*,,- "-n-e project ~tanager -and e 1-4 A coo= d n a t o d P a t R ulto a - t- e A --oc-nf-1-ato- .or t-�,, -project. -o'' nave any q:,-es-1,,D-s -p-lease --fee_" '-f--e-e to co7n-act :me eat -e Wate-r STAT�t. 0 9 s � 1889 a�Y STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY Mail Stop PV -11 9 Olympia, Washington 98504 -8711 • (206) 459 -6000 May 14, 1991 Mr. Pat Rubida Water Quality Office Jefferson County Planning and Building Department Post Office Box 1220 Port Townsend, WA 98368 Dear Mr. Rubida: Enclosed is your finalized Monitoring and Quality Assurance Plan for Quilcene /Dabob Bay. I reviewed it and passed it on to Stew Lombard of the Quality Assurance Section because of his earlier review. Please not that I signed the Plan as project officer and unofficial Shoreland quality assurance coordinator. Both Stew and I think that the Plan has been well prepared and you have a good grasp of your program. Good luck on your sampling efforts. TD: del Enclosure cc: Stew Lombard - Sincerely, .Wtn. .lL Tim Determan, Planner Shorelands and Coastal Zone Management Program rt Monitoring /Stream Survey Work Plan and Quality Assurance Management Plan for the Implementation of the Quilcene /Dabob Watershed Action Plan Table of Contents 1.0 Element 1 — Watershed Action Plan WE 1 1.1 Ambient Monitoring 1 1.2 Runoff Event Surveys 2 2.0 Element 2 - Streamside Surveys 5 2.1 Schedule for Action 7 2.2 Interaction Between Water Quality Program and Other Agencies 8 3.0 Sampling Procedures, Quality Control, Data Quality Objectives, and Data Reporting Requirements 9 3.1 Flow 12 3.2 Conductivity 14 3.3 pH 16 3.4 Temperature 16 3.5 Total Suspended Solids 17 3.6 Dissolved Oxygen 18 3.7 Turbidity 20 3.8 Fecal Coliform 21 Attachment A - Water Analyzer Instruction Manual Attachment B - Total Suspended Solids Procedure Attachment C - Turbidimeter Manual Attachment D - Turbidity Procedure Attachment E - Fecal Coliform Procedure Appendix A - Proposed Monitoring Plan Shaw Easement Appendix B - Fecal Coliform Results Cemetery Drain Appendix C - Stream Survey Forms Appendix D - Sample Property Owners Letter Appendix E - Flow Chart Interagency Agreement t C-2 r 1.0 ELEMENT 1: WATERSHED ACTION PLAN TASK 1; G; iii. Carry out ongoing program of sampling fresh water inputs into Quilcene Bay for fecal coliform. 1.1 Ambient Monitoring nitoring will continue in the Ambient water quality mo the fresh water sampling Ambient watershed. Most of stations established in previous studies will continue to be monitored to assess long term trends (see Figure 1) with the following exceptions. In the Big Quilcene subbasin, only station BQ3 located at river mile 0.2 will be monitored. The previous studies concluded (Welch, et.al., 1987, Rubida, et. al., 1990) that bacterial loading into the surface water of this drainage is seen not only in the river itself, but in ditches and drainage outside the dike. In the Little Quilcene River subbasin, station LQ1 will not be sampled as it was found in the previously cited studies not to differ significantly from LQ2 and both had fecal col i form counts well within the state standards. Station 2 (LL2) along Leland Creek in the Little Quilcene subbasin was eliminated in the previous study and replaced by a station (LLO) further upstream at the outflow of Lake Leland. We will continue to monitor LLO in place of LL2. Recommended Protocols for Measuring Conventional Water Quality Variables and Metals in Fresh Water of Puget Sound_Region (Puget Sound Estuary Program, 1990) will be used for fresh water and Protocols for Conducting Watershed Studies for the Shellfish Protection Program (Determin, 1987) will continue to be followed for marine water. The parameters have been expanded to include dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, temperature and pH in accordance with the protocols for watershed studies set forth by the Department of Ecology. Ambient data will be collected on a wet /dry season schedule with five wet weather and two dry weather samples. The wet season as determined from historical data for the area is from November to March. The remaining months shall be considered the dry season. Following is the projected ambient monitoring schedule: * November wet * August dry * December wet * September dry January wet * February wet * March wet The data collected will be compared to the Washington State surface water quality standards (WAC 173 -201). Problem sites will be determined based on a compliance or violation of the pararmeters tested by comparing data to the standard. Based on the nature of the violation, a referral structure has been established between I LI the Conservation District, the County Health Department, and referred to the appropriate agency (Apprendix E). In some cases, however, referrals to agencies may be issued based on professional judgment (in part based on soil types and hydrology). Contact has been made with the Department of Health and Don Melvin {j has agreed to coordinate their marine sampling efforts with our freshwater schedule. Under the previous grant, the Planning Department Water Quality Program had five marine stations located in Quilcene Bay (see Figure 1). The Department of Health monitors twelve stations in the Bay, four of which coincide with the Planning Department's previous stations. The agreement with the Department of Health is that they will monitor their historical stations at least once while we monitor our freshwater stations so that comparisons can be made and any correlations determined. No marine sampling is scheduled to take place in Dabob Bay since all previous samples were well within state standards. Laboratory analysis for all freshwater samples will be performed by the Water Management Laboratory in Tacoma Wa. TSS analysis will be conducted at the Port Townsend Sewage Treatment Plant Laboratory. The procedure to be used is as outlined in the Draft (October 17, 1990) Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans. The following parameters will be measured at the ambient stations: Flow TSS Conductivity Turbity pH Fecal col i form Temperature Dissolved Oxygen 1.2 Runoff Event Surveys Reconnaissance monitoring has been conducted in each of the drainage areas (Banks, et.al., 1987). However, several problem areas still need runoff event monitoring to continue to pinpoint and quantify sources and /or document best management practices. The following pramenters will be measured at the runoff -event stations: Flow Conductivity TSS Fecal coliform Donovan Creek In the Donovan Creek drainage, the Shaw Easement at the mouth of creek will be monitored during a rain event to assess improvements in water quality as a result of cattle exclusion. Additional sampling sites may be monitored where Donovan Creek enters the easement and possibly where Jakeway Creek enters the easement. It has been proposed by Mr. Shaw to the Northwest Institute for Q D BQ LQ LL DV TB CY CD QUILCENE BAY DABOB BAY BIG QUILCENI LITTLE QUILT LELAND CREE; DONOVAN CRE' TARBOO CREE • COYLE CREEK CEMETERY DR Figure 1. Locations of Historical freshwater and marine sampling stations in Quiicene and Dabob Bays (from Welch and Banks, 1987 ). JN i• fist d `.✓ i�i a Y �f Figure 1. Locations of Historical freshwater and marine sampling stations in Quiicene and Dabob Bays (from Welch and Banks, 1987 ). JN i• fist d `.✓ i�i a i . ,-- W Historic Preservation that he be allowed to graze his cattle on a portion of the easement during the months of July, August and September in exchange for implementing an approved farm management plan along the Jakeway Creek pasturage. In the event that this occurs, the attached "Draft" Monitoring Plan (see Appendix A) has been proposed, although implementation is contingent on laboratory expense and the availability of staff time. Cemetery Drain In the town of Quilcene the Cemetery Drain is still an area of concern. One farm plan has been enacted along the drain after having been referred to Department of Ecology for enforcement action. This site has a natural spring originating in the middle of a pasture which then contributes to the flow of Cemetery Drain. The property owners have expressed some concern that, in spite of what the previous sampling efforts have indicated, the spring may be contributing some coliform loading onto their property that may have originated somewhere else. The Conservation District Technician, Joe Holtrup, sampled the Drain on January 16th, 24th, 30th and February 20th of 1990 (see the attached sampling results in Appendix B). This site will be part of the ambient monitoring program and in addition will be monitored during at least one rain _ event. The three sampling sites will remain where the Drain enters the property, at the spring, and where the Drain leaves the property, to assess the effectiveness of the farm plan and any input from the spring, providing participation from the land owners. If Water Quality continues to have restricted access to the land, and the Conservation District technician, Al Latham, is allowed access he may collect samples with the land owner. The cooridnator will oversee all steps of the sampling procedure. The remaining areas of concern along the Cemetery Drain area appear from past sampling efforts and from touring the area with County Health Department Sanitarian, to be due to poor animal keeping practices. The County will refer these areas to the Conservation District (again ?). The areas of concern upstream along the Drain will be monitored if additional documentation is required to convince property owners there is a problem. Leland Creek A septic system has been identified by Water Quality and referred to the County Health Department, in the area between station 0 and station 1, that is inadequate and poses a health risk. The system is at the site of a halfway house communal residence. The Health Department has contacted the owners of the property and a designer for the needed new system supposedly is being sought. The property owners are hoping to qualify for the Water Quality Improvement Fund to pay for the system. It has been suggested by the Health Department that the Water Quality Program continue a visible monitoring effort at this site as a reminder that the system is . inadequate as well as providing health risk information to the residents. This site will be therefore monitored during a rain event. The monitoring coordinator, Pat Rubi da, will be responsible for the design of all water quality studies, data analysis, and final report preparation. 2.0 ELEMENT 2: STREAM SIDE SURVEY Task 1. Stream Inventory, Source Identification and Referral. Stream reaches will be inventoried and mapped for possible sources of water quality degradation. Appendix C contains copies of the stream survey forms. The stream survey format is intended to provide screening for possible fecal coliform sources in selected stream reaches and general riparian corridor health. This survey collects the same basic information that is also being gathered by the Timber Fish and Wildlife (TFW) Ambient Monitoring Project Team and the Forest Service Monitoring Team throughout the state as well as the County. The TFW Ambient Monitoring Project is charged with assessing the status and trends of stream habitat within state and private lands, and relate these to the impacts associated with forest management activities. The enclosed format has been modified from the TFW forms to be more "user friendly" in the field in order to facilitate the use of trained volunteers as participants in this project. Additional categories have been added to the TFW Habitat Unit Survey in order to better assess the impacts associated with other nonpoint sources in addition to forest practices. A stream segment classification scheme based on five key landform features is used to define the initial sampling unit and this is recorded on the Valley Segment Summary form. Streams are broken into their component valley segments, and the distribution and physical dimensions of the habitat units, channel geometry, substrate particle size, riparian vegetation, inchannel woody debris, land use and nonpoint pollution sources and impacts are inventoried on the Habitat Unit Survey form. Each section of the stream is defined by beginning and end reference points called turning points (TP) which are marked and identified by compass bearings and distances between two fixed points. The turning points are cataloged on the Horizontal Control Survey form. The stream surveys are a two step process. The survey crew first walks the stream and sets up the permanent turning points. Once the turning points are established the stream is surveyed more extensively between each of the established turning points. It is hoped that volunteers will participate in the second step of the surveys. Volunteer participation can take two forms. One, the volunteer simply "tags along" with the county staff and is put to � r W work recording information on the Habitat Unit Survey form, holding measuring devices, etc. This in itself would be an educational process as the importance of each of the parameters looked at could be discussed. The second type of volunteer participation could be the formation of trained teams that actually survey between turning points under the direction of county staff but without staff being present at all times. The type of volunteer program which is established will depend on the number of volunteers and their desired level of participation. Volunteer training will also depend on the type of program established. Volunteers who are interested in "tagging along" can be trained as they participate. An overview of the program and its goals can be provided on site. Volunteers who want to establish their own teams will be required to spend one or two days in the field with the county staff doing surveys as well as go through an official training program. The official training program will be developed if there are enough r volunteers interested in forming their own teams. In addition to w instructions on the procedures of conducting a stream survey, the program would cover the following topics: what is the riparian corridor what are the characteristics of a healthy riparian corridor what is the importance of a healthy riparian corridor - sources of nonpoint pollution and their impacts what can the average citizen do to improve water quality The monitoring coordinator, Pat Rubida, will provide training of all volunteers and paid field assistants. It is anticipated that the new County Extension Water Resources agent, Katherine Bari 1, would assist in the planning and coordination some of these training efforts provided her position has continued funding. The County monitoring coordinator will review all survey forms completed by volunteers as well as county staff. Observations of probable sources will be reviewed with the volunteer recorder if clarification is needed. Key areas of concern will be targeted for further investigation. This investigation will include a site visit and may include water quality monitoring by County Water Quality staff depending on the nature of the problem. As part of the QA procedure, the coordinator will monitor the performance of volunteer samplers in the field. Land owners along each of the stream reaches will be notified by mail and /or phone at least two weeks prior to survey crews being in the area. The letter of notification will state project goals and estimated schedule and will invite the participation of any interested persons (see Appendix D for copy of sample letter). Persons interested in participating in the program will be contacted, the level of their desired participation found out, and they will be scheduled to work with the survey crews. Volunteers will not be given the responsibility to contact property owners. The County Prosecuting Attorney, Mark Huth, has been notified about the program and has given it his "stamp of approval ". Volunteers are covered by County insurance. However, volunteers will need to be signed up in advance and Labor and Industries information will have to be supplied to the County Personnel office. An instructional packet and sign -up list will need to be on file with the County. 2.1 Schedule for Action Listed below are river lengths and estimated time needed to inventory the areas. Primary importance will be placed on possible fecal coliform sources. In 1986 -87 Welch and Banks conducted surveys on these watersheds. The survey sheets should be re- evaluated and discussed with the Conservation District to avoid re- surveying areas where no BMP's implementation has occurred. Additionally this will enable staff to identify areas that may not have a historic survey. As stated in the scope of work, first priority will go to areas of the Quilcene /Dabob and Discovery Bay watershed. (The Ludlow watershed will be covered under Centennial Clean Water Fund Grant Number TAX90218). Under the proposed stream survey program it was estimated that the survey team could cover approximately 1 mile of stream per day while establishing the reference point (Turning Points) designations. While filling out the Habitat Unit Survey approximately one half mile of stream could be covered per day on the average. Following is a list of the streams in the order that they will be surveyed, the miles of river /stream /creek, and the estimated number of days it would take to survey them: Quilcene /Dabob Bay Watershed Little Quilcene River and tributaries 23.5 miles 70.5 days (Leland Creek, Howe Creek, Ripley Creek) Tarboo Creek and unnamed tributaries 11.9 miles 36 days ( #0130, #0131) Donovan Creek and unnamed tributary 4.2 miles 12 days (# 0119) Discovery Bay Watershed Salmon Creek 8.7 miles 27 days - Snow Creek and tributary 16.1 miles 48 days (Andrews Creek) The TFW Ambient Monitoring team is completing a survey along Snow Creek. At this time it is unknown whether Andrews Creek will also be completed. Therefore, the County survey crew would only need to walk Snow Creek and finish the last section of the Habitat Unit Survey. This would take less days than are designated above. If enough time were left, the Big Quilcene River and it's tributaries (24.6 miles) would be surveyed. 2.2 Interaction Between Water Quality Program and Other Agencies The process of interaction between the Jefferson County Planning Department and other agencies on water quality referrals is discussed below. Interactions between the County Water Quality Program and County Health Department are on the attached flow chart (see Appendix E) which outlines the protocols and procedures to be used as an inter - agency agreement between the County Health Department and the County Water Quality Program regarding water quality investigations and /or violations. The County Water Quality staff will track any referrals and provide administrative assistance whenever necessary. Any section of stream corridor which is impacted by improper farm management practices will be referred to the County Conservation District Technician. The District Technician will attempt to work with the land owner to educate and offer assistance in developing a farm plan. Working with the District Technician to verify the cause of the problem, the property owner may then be eligible for financial assistance through the County Water Quality Improvement Fund. The County Monitoring Coordinator, Pat Rubida, will do investigative water quality monitoring in the area if there is a question as to where the problem is occurring or what the extent of the impact is. The County Monitoring Coordinator will collect additional water samples if it is necessary to quantify the problem and subsequently quantify any improvement in water quality. Sections of stream corridor which impact fish habitat and would benefit by some sort of stream enhancement project will be referred to the Wild Olympic Salmon Group and /or the Jefferson County Watershed Council. These organizations have been very effective in the Chimacum Watershed as well as other places in providing education, support and coordination of local volunteers for stream enhancement projects. The Hood Canal Coordinating Council, Department of Fisheries, Department of Natural Resources and Point No Point Treaty Council will be contacted when appropriate. Residents along stream reaches which are impacted by failing or nonexistent waste disposal systems will be given our information package on the County's Water Quality Improvement Fund. Through this process they will be encouraged to contact the Health Department for an on site evaluation as well as design of an alternative system if they qualify. The Health Department will be notified by the County Monitoring Coordinator of a problem in the area. (see the attached flow chart for procedural steps between the two agencies). r 3 0 Sampling Procedures, Analytical Procedures, Quality Control, Data Quality Objectives and Data Reporting Requirements Laboratory and field processes will be conducted in the fashion stipulated in the draft (Oct 17, 1990) Guidelines and Specifications For Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans. Fielddata will be recorded on data - sheets at the station and checked before leaving the station. Laboratory data will be a checked by a co- worker or the lab supervisor to avoid the introduction of errors into the data base. Fecal coliform analysis will be conducted at Water Management Laboratory in Tacoma, Wa, a DOE accredited laboratory. To establish field variability and reproducibility of data from the Water Analyzer (Attachment A) replicate readings will be conducted once each sampling day. This will be done immediately following the DO, conductivity, pH, and temperature portion of our visit to the station; by rinsing the probe with Di water, turning the instrument off then on again and reinserting the probe into the water collum. The values for the replicate reading will be recorded and compared for similarity to the previous values in the field. This procedure will act as a field test for the instrument and will also be used to check the reproducibility of the instrument and used to determine field variability. 3.1 FLOW Site Selection Criteria Stream Reach and Cross Section Criteria - The following criteria will be considered when establishing a flow measurement station. Limitations of the site selected and possible effects on measurement will be noted. * The stream should be straight for 100 m upstream and downstream of the staff gage station. Flow should be confined to one channel at all stages of discharge. * Streambed should be subject to minimal scour and relatively free of plant growth. Streambanks should be stable, high enough to contain maximum flows, and free of brush. * The station should be located a sufficient distance upstream so that flow from tributaries and tides does not affect stage /discharge measurements. * All discharge stages should be measurable somewhere within the reach. * The site should be readily and safely accessible. * Depth and velocity must meet minimum requirements of the method and instruments being used. * The streambed should be relatively uniform with a minimal number of boulders and without heavy aquatic growth. * Flow should be uniform and free of eddies, slack water, and excessive turbulence. * Site should not be located changes in stage or velocity. Equipment measuring tape depth rod current meter, calibrated Procedure downstream of areas with rapid 1. Check that the current meter is functioning properly. 2. Measure the width of the cross section. 3. Divide the width into segments using at least 20 points of measurement. If previous flow measurements have shown uniform depth and velocity, fewer points may be used. Smaller streams may also require fewer points. Measuring points should be closer together where depths or velocities are more variable. Cross sections with uniform depth and velocity can have equal spacing. 4. Record the distance from the initial starting bank and the depth. 5. Record the current velocity at each measuring point. Horizontal and vertical variation of stream velocity may influence streamflow measurements. To correct for vertical differences, hydrologists have determined depths that can yield acceptable estimates of the mean velocity over a vertical profile. If the depth exceeds 0.8 m (2.5 ft), it is recommended that velocities be measured at 20 percent and 80 percent of full depth and averaged to estimate mean velocity. In the depth range 0.1 - 0.8m (0.3 -2.5 ft), take the velocity at 60 percent of the full depth (measured from the surface) as an estimate of the mean profile. Measuring velocity in water that is more shallow than 0.1 m (0.3 ft) is difficult with conventional current meters. If much of the reach shallow or flow is too slow for current meter, consider installing a control section and V -notch weir or a volumetric measure. 6. Calculate flow as summation of flows in partial areas (see Figure A) using the following equation: an = v n d n( b n +1 - b n -� 2 where: bn_1 = distance from initial point to the preceding point (ft) b = distance from initial point to the following point M) d = mean depth of partial area n (ft) v average current velocity in partil area n (ft /sec) q = discharge in partial area n (ft /sec) O t a� E CD (D E c m L U O L Df .0 N O t0 .0 U N_ .0 E m O N O C O _CIS U RS U C_ .Q fll N to O .fl Q3 .` R1 C �3 O t E 0 ro Q a� rn LL F QA /QC Procedures There are no formal QA /QC procedures for current meter measurements. However, the meter manufacturer's guidelines for calibration should be followed. Data Reporting Requirements Report results in ft3 /sec. For flows less th .1n or equal to 10 , ft /sec, report res�lts to the nearest 0.1 ft /sec. For flows greater than 10 ft /sec, report results to the nearest whole f t3 /sec . 3.2 CONDUCTIVITY Sample Collection Samples can be collected in polyethylene, polypropylene, fluoropolymer or glass containers. The same container can be used for samples intended for temperature and pH measurement, as well as for samples intended for other variables that will be chilled for transport to the laboratory (TSS and turbidity). Instream probe readings for the parameters will be the primary technique used unless safety is in question or total submergence of the probe is not possible. Equipment A Cole- Parmer Water Analyzer Model #5566 will be used (see Attachment A for manual). This is a temperature compensating meter. A purchased standard potassium chloride solution (KC1) is used to determine the conductivity cell constant as well as calibrate the conductivity cell. Equipment Preparation 1. Before a measurement can be made, the pH boot must be removed from the pH electrode. The boot is a small polyethylene capsule which covers its end. Remove the boot by gently sliding it away from the pH body, toward the conductivity electrodes. When storing the probe after taking a measurement, be sure to replace the boot. It should be filled with a KCL solution. Ideally, a 10% solution of KCL in pH 4 buffer should be used. IF none is available, the oxygen electrode filling solution supplied (which is 1.5 M KCL) may be used. If a solution other than 10% KCL in pH 4 buffer is to be used to store the pH electrode, it will be necessary to soak the electrode for at least 1 day prior to calibrating the water analyzer. 2. Determine the conductivity cell constant frequently before analyzing samples. Rinse conductivity cell at least 3 times with standard KC1 reference solution. Adjust temperature of a sample of the standard KC1 reference solution to 25.0 +/- 0.1 °C and measure its conductivity. Determine the cell constant by dividing the conductivity of the standard KC1 reference solution by this measurement. The constant should either be 1.0 or very close to it. 3. Calibrate the conductivity cell in the laboratory with a standard KC1 reference solution at 25.0 °C =/- 0.1 °C in the expected conductivity range of the samples. Rinse the cell with the standard KC1 reference solution prior to taking the measurement. Continue rinsing until the digital display indicates the same value twice in a row. 4. Check calibration once for each batch of samples, and whenever the meter is setup in the field. Rinse at least 3 times with the standard KCI reference solution prior to taking a measurement. The conductivity of the standard should be within the expected conductivity range of the samples. 5. For instructions on calibrating the Water Analyzer see section 6.7 of the instruction manual. Sample Analysis 1. Turn on water analyzer by pressing ON /OFF key. The analyzer should beep and display the message " *Version 5.Ox * ", "Restoring Data" for 3 seconds. After the data has been restored, the display will show the "Water Analyzer" prompt. If no keys are pressed, 20 seconds later the analyzer will begin displaying measurements. If the ENTER key is pressed the analyzer will immediately begin displaying measurements. If the MODE key is pressed instead, a new mode may be selected (see instruction manual). Normally one would press the ENTER key as soon as the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. 2. After the ENTER key is pressed when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed, the analyzer will begin displaying the temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen level of the solution. The conductivity reading, labelled as being in uS (microsiemens or micromhos) or mS (millisiemens or millimhos) is actually the value in uS /cm or mS /cm. 3. The center of the top line of the display will contain either a "c" or a "n ", denoting "compensated" or "not compensated ", respectively. In the compensated mode, the pH and conductivity value are compensated for temperature and the dissolved oxygen level for temperature, salinity and atmospheric pressure. To change between the compensated and uncompensated modes, see sections 10 and 11 of the manual. To change units, notation see Setup Instrument mode in the manual. 4. Pressing the STORE key while the analyzer is displaying — readings will cause them to be stored in a measurement log (memory). The number assigned to the logged reading will flash on the display for 3 seconds. The stored readings may be recalled with the Review Readings mode (see section 8.0 of the manual). The measurement log may be erased with the Clear Readings mode (see section 9.0 of the manual). Calculations Correct for cell constant and temperature, if necessary, as follows: Conductivity = measured conductivity x cell constant. QA /QC Procedures Conductivity QA /QC depends upon regularly checking the cell constant as described above. In addition, 5 to 10 percent of the samples should be randomly selected for duplicate field check. Based on data reported by U.S. EPA (1983) and APHA (1985), the relative precision of this QA /QC method is 7.8 - 8.6 percent, and the relative accuracy is 1.9 - 9.4 percent (APHA 1985). Data Reporting Requirements Results should be reported to the nearest 1 umho /cm at 25 °C. The actual temperature at which the measurement was made should be reported, as well as the results of all QA /QC analyses. 3.3 pH Sample Collection Samples can be collected in polyethylene, polypropylene, fluoropolymer or glass containers. The same container can be used for samples intended for pH measurement, and for samples intended for other variables that will be chilled for transport to the laboratory (TSS and turbidity). Samples must be analyzed for pH in the field, immediately after collection. Instream probe readings for the parameters will be the primary technique used unless safety is in question or total submergence of the probe is not possible. Equipment A Cole - Parmer Water Analyzer Model #5566 will be used (see Attachment A for manual). This is a temperature compensating meter. Equipment Preparation 1. Before a measurement can be made, the pH boot must be removed from the pH electrode. The boot is a small polyethylene capsule which covers its end. Remove the boot by gently sliding it away from the pH body, toward the conductivity electrodes. When storing the probe after taking a measurement, be sure to replace the boot. It should be filled with a KCL solution. Ideally, a 10% solution of KCL in pH 4 buffer should be used. IF none is available, the oxygen electrode filling solution supplied (which is 1.5 M KCL) may be used. If a solution other than 10% KCL in pH 4 buffer is to be used to store the pH electrode, it will be necessary to soak the solution for at least 1 day prior to calibrating the water analyzer. 2. The pH probe does require periodic calibration. The condition of the probe will be primarily dependent upon its storage condition. Storing it in the recommended boot solution of 10% KCL in pH 4 buffer will reduce the frequency with which it will need calibration. NOTE: DO NOT STORE THE PH ELECTRODE IN DISTILLED WATER! DO NOT STORE THE PH ELECTRODE DRY! To restore a "dry" pH probe, soak in warm saturated KCL solution for 8 hours. 3. See Section 6.4 - 6.6 of the manual for Calibration instructions. Sample Analysis 1. Turn on water analyzer by pressing ON /OFF key. The analyzer should beep and display the message " *Version 5.Ox * ", "Restoring Data" for 3 seconds. After the data has been restored, the display will show the "Water Analyzer" prompt. If no keys are pressed, 20 seconds later the analyzer will begin displaying measurements. If the ENTER key is pressed the analyzer will immediately begin displaying measurements. If the MODE key is pressed instead, a new mode may be selected (see instruction manual). Normally one would press the ENTER key as soon as the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. 2. After the ENTER key is pressed when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed, the analyzer will begin displaying the temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen level of the solution. The conductivity reading, labelled as being in uS (microsiemens or micromhos) or mS (millisiemens or millimhos) is actually the value in uS /cm or mS /cm. 3. The center of the top line of the display will contain either a "c" or a "n ", denoting "compensated" or "not compensated ", respectively. In the compensated mode, the pH and conductivity value are compensated for temperature and the dissolved oxygen level for temperature, salinity and atmospheric pressure. To change between the compensated and uncompensated modes, see sections 10 and 11 of the manual. To change units, notation see Setup Instrument mode in the manual. 4. Pressing the STORE key while the analyzer is displaying readings will cause them to be stored in a measurement log (memory). The number assigned to the logged reading will flash on the display for 3 seconds. The stored readings may be recalled with the Review Readings mode (see section 8.0 of the manual). The measurement log may be erased with the Clear Readings mode (see section 9.0 of the manual). QA /QC Procedures QA /QC for pH depends on regularly standardizing the meter, as described above. In addition, randomly select 5 10 percent of the samples for duplicate field check. This will be conducted in the field as part of the instrument replicate test. This method has a reported precision of 0.13 pH unit, and a reported accuracy of 0.1 pH unit (APHA 1985). Data Reporting Requirements Report results to the nearest 0.1 pH unit. The pH and temperature of the buffers used for calibration should also be reported. Include the results of all QA /QC analyses in the data report. 3.4 TEMPERATURE Sample Collection and Measurement Equilibrate a bottle to the water temperature, collect a sample at least 1 L in volume. and measure the temperature immediately. Allow the thermometer to come to equilibrium before recording the reading. The same container can be used for samples intended for conductivity and pH measurement, as well as for samples intended for other variables that will be chilled for transport to the laboratory (TSS and turbidity). Instream probe readings for the parameters will be the primary technique used unless safety is in question or total submergence of the probe is not possible. Equipment A Cole - Parmer Water Analyzer Model #5566 will be used (see Attachment A for manual). This is a temperature compensating meter. Equipment Preparation 1. Before a measurement can be made, the pH boot must be removed from the pH electrode. The boot is a small polyethylene capsule which covers its end. Remove the boot by gently sliding it away from the pH body, toward the conductivity electrodes. When storing the probe after taking a measurement, be sure to replace the boot. It should be filled with a KCL solution. Ideally, a 10% solution of KCL in pH 4 buffer should be used. IF none is available, the oxygen electrode filling solution supplied (which is 1.5 M KCL) may be used. If a solution other than 10% KCL in pH 4 buffer is to be used to store the pH electrode, it will be necessary to soak the solution for at least 1 day prior to calibrating the water analyzer. Sample Analysis 1. Turn on water analyzer by pressing ON /OFF key. The analyzer should beep and display the message " *Version 5.0x * ", "Restoring Data" for 3 seconds. After the data has been restored, the display will show the "Water Analyzer" prompt. If no keys are pressed, 20 seconds later the analyzer will begin displaying measurements. If the ENTER key is pressed the analyzer will immediately begin displaying measurements. If the MODE key is pressed instead, a new mode may be selected (see instruction manual). Normally one would press the ENTER key as soon as the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. 2. After the ENTER key is pressed when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed, the analyzer will begin displaying the temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen level of the solution. The conductivity reading, labelled as being in uS (microsiemens or micromhos) or mS (millisiemens or millimhos) is actually the value in uS /cm or mS /cm. 3. The center of the top line of the display will contain either a "c" or a "n ", denoting "compensated" or "not compensated ", respectively. In the compensated mode, the pH and conductivity value are compensated for temperature and the dissolved oxygen level for temperature, salinity and atmospheric pressure. To change between the compensated and uncompensated modes, see sections 10 and 11 of the manual. To change units, notation see Setup Instrument mode in the manual. 4. Pressing the STORE key while the analyzer is displaying readings will cause them to be stored in a measurement log (memory). The number assigned to the logged reading will flash on the display for 3 seconds. The stored readings may be recalled with the Review Readings mode (see section 8.0 of the manual). The measurement log may be erased with the Clear Readings mode (see section 9.0 of the manual). QA /QC Procedures Check thermometer against a thermometer certified by American Society for Testing and Materials or National Bureau of Standards. Data Reporting Requirements Report temperature in °C for final report. 3.5 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) Sample Collection Samples can be collected in polyethlylene, polypropylene, fluoropolymer, or glass containers. The same container can be used for samples to be analyzed in the field for conductivity, temperature, pH as well as for samples intended for turbidity that will be chilled for transport to the laboratory. Because there typically is a gradient of particle concentrations over depth in streams, collection at a point representing the average velocity in the depth profile (for streams that are deep enough for this to be a concern) is superior to sampling at mid - depth. The average current velocity generally occurs at 60 percent of full depth from the surface. Sample Processing and Storage Samples should be stored in the dark at 4 °C. In this condition, samples can be held as long as 7 days. Sample Preparation and Analysis Samples will be analyzed according to APHA (1989) 2540 D.. See Attachment B for procedure. Calculations Calculate TSS in mg /L according to APHA (1989) Method 2540 D. QA /AC Procedures Check balance calibration monthly and oven temperature daily. Balances should have annual preventative maintenance checks. At least one EPA or commercial control suspension of known concentration will be run per set of 20 samples. In addition, randomly select 5 - 10 percent of the samples for duplicate field collection and 5 - 10 percent of the sample for duplicate laboratory analysis. This method has a reported precision of 2.8 mg /L (APHA (1989). Data Reporting Requirements Report results to the nearest 1 mg /L. Include the results of all QA /QC analysis in the data report. 3.6 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) Equipment A Cole - Parmer Water Analyzer Model #5566 will be used (see Attachment A for manual). This is a temperature compensating meter. Instream probe readings for the parameters will be the primary technique used unless safety is in question or total submergence of the probe is not possible. Equipment Preparation 1. Before a measurement can be made, the pH boot must be removed from the pH electrode. The boot is a small polyethylene capsule which covers its end. Remove the boot by gently sliding it away from the pH body, toward the conductivity electrodes. When storing the probe after taking a measurement, be sure to replace the boot. It should be filled with a KCL solution. Ideally, a 10% solution of KCL in pH 4 buffer should be used. IF none is available, the oxygen electrode filling solution supplied (which is 1.5 M KCL) may be used. If a solution other than 10% KCL in pH 4 buffer is to be used to store the pH electrode, it will be necessary to soak the solution for at least 1 day prior to calibrating the water analyzer. 2. Calibrate the meter prior to each series of measurements, or whenever the membrane is replaced. 3. Calibrate the oxygen sensor using instructions found in section 6.3 of the manual. Sample Analysis 1. Turn on water analyzer by pressing ON /OFF key. The analyzer should beep and display the message " *Version 5.0x * ", "Restoring Data" for 3 seconds. After the data has been restored, the display will show the "Water Analyzer" prompt. If no keys are pressed, 20 seconds later the analyzer will begin displaying measurements. If the ENTER key is pressed the analyzer will immediately begin displaying measurements. If the MODE key is pressed instead, a new mode may be selected (see instruction manual). Normally one would press the ENTER key as soon as the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. 2. After the ENTER !key is pressed when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. the analyzer will begin displaying the temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen level or the solution. The conductivity reading, labelled as being in uS (microsiemens or micromhos) or mS (millisiemens or millimhos) is actually the value in uS /cm or mS /cm. 3. The center of the top line of the display will contain either a "c" or a "n ", denoting "compensated" or "not compensated ", respectively. In the compensated mode, the pH and conductivity value are compensated for temperature and the dissolved oxygen level for temperature, salinity and atmospheric pressure. To change between the compensated and uncompensated modes, see sections 10 and 11 of the manual. To change units, notation see Setup Instrument mode in the manual. 4. Pressing the STORE key while the analyzer is displaying readings will cause them to be stored in a measurement log (memory). The number assigned to the logged reading will flash on the display for 3 seconds. The stored readings may be recalled with the Review Readings mode (see section 8.0 of the manual). The measurement log may erased with the Clear Readings mode (see section 9.0 of the manual). QA /QC Procedures Calibration checks will be conducted on the meter prior to each field series of measurements and when the membrane is replaced. The reported precision is 0.05 mg /L and the reported accuracy is 0.1 mg /L (APHA 1985). Data Reporting Requirements Report results to the nearest 0.1 mg /L. Include the results of all QA /QC analysis in the data report. 3.7 TURBIDITY Sample Collection Samples can be collected in polyethlylene, polypropylene, fluoropolymer, or glass containers. The same container can be used for samples to be analyzed in the field for conductivity, temperature, pH as well as for samples intended for TSS that will be chilled for transport to the laboratory. Because there typically is a gradient of particle concentrations over depth in streams, collection at a point representing the average velocity in the depth profile (for streams that are deep enough for this to be a concern) is superior to sampling at mid- depth. The average current velocity generally occurs at 60 percent of full depth from the surface. During wet weather, samples can be collected at 30 percent of the winter basef l ow depth from the surface. Sample Processing and Storage Samples should be stored in the dark at 4° C and analyzed within 24 hours of collection, if possible. Samples may be held for up to 48 hours in this condition. Equipment Engineered Systems & Designs Turbidimeter Model 800 (ordered from Markson Science catalog #42122). This model meets EPA specifications for measurement of turbidity in drinking water. See Attachment C for manual. Equipment Preparation 1. Allow machine to warm up for at least 30 minutes. 2. Discard any tubes with scratches and wipe tubes (especially the bottoms) clean with a lint free tissue before inserting it into the reading chamber. 3. Place cap on sample tube before the tubes are placed into the reading chamber to prevent any accidental spillage into the chamber. 4. Samples and standards should be thoroughly mixed before inserting either into the reading chamber. 5. Line up white index line in the exact. same position every time you insert the sample tube into the test chamber. All bubbles should be removed either by allowing the tube to stand for a few minutes or by gently tapping and swirling the contents. 6. Particulate matter will cause considerable fluctuation in the meter reading as the particles settle. Standard Preparation and Equipment Calibration See Attachment C for instructions on standard preparation and equipment calibration. Sample Analysis Samples will be analyzed according to APHA (1989) Method 2130 B. See Attachment D for instructions on sample analysis procedures and Attachment C for turbidity meter instructions. QA /QC Procedures QA /QC procedures for turbidity depend on recalibrating the turbidimeter with every range change. In addition, randomly select 5 10 percent of the samples for duplicate field collection and 5 - 10 percent of the samples for duplicate analysis. According to data reported by U.S. EPA (1983), the method precision ranges from 0.60 to 4.7 NTU over a turbidity range of 26 to 180 NTU. Data Reporting Requirements Report results as designated for various turbidity ranges: Turbidity NTU Range Report To the Nearest NTU 0 - 1.0 0.05 1 - 10 0.1 10 - 40 1 40 100 5 100 - 400 10 400 - 1,000 50 > 1,000 100 3.8 FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA Equipment Preparation To prevent contamination of samples, sterile techniques must be used for all steps that involve physical contact with samples. Sample Collection Because bacteria concentrate in the surface microlayer, samples must be collected below the surface to represent the water column as a whole. Plunge the bottle 15 to 30 cm into the water upside down (if possible ) to avoid the surface layer, and then turn it slightly into the current. After filling, pour out water to- provide 2.5 - 5 cm of air space above the sample before tightly stoppering. Collecton bottles will be supplied from Water Management Laboratory. Sample Processing and Storage Sample should be stored at 1 - 4 'C in the dark. Analysis should be initiated within 6 hours of collection if possible, and always within 30 hours. Sample analysis will be conducted at the Water Management Laboratory, Tacoma, WA. Equipment, Sample Preparation and Analysis The Tacoma Water Management Laboratory, Tacoma WA is a DOE accredited laboratory for fecal coliform analysis and as such are opperating under that criterion. Replicate sample(s) will be colleced once each field day or every 10% of the samples collected. tt INSTRUC TION MANUA.L. MOD 5566 WATER ANALYZER Col Parmer Cole-Parmer I 11ruiment Company A r 7425 North Oak Park enue, Chicago, Illinois 60648 4kk & N FIRST TIME OPERATION Your multi- purpose probe was calibrated to your meter at the factory. However, 1. shipping and /or shelf storage will effect the oxygen calibration and may alter the pH and conductivity calibration. Please follow the procedures below and contact your supplier if i any readings are suspect: PROBE PREPARATION 1. Remove probe from protective container 2. Remove "Boot" from tip of pH probe and'.save for re -use (to restore a "dry" �,pli probe, soak in warm saturated KCl " solution for 8 hours) 3. Remove oxygen tip probe guard -Hold probe upright Inspect oxygen membrane for wrinkles, bubbles and holes. If membrane looks good, replace probe guard and skip steps 4. through 8. 4. Remove oxygen membrane retainer and membrane 5. Fill chamber (under membrane) with Oz s bNGSO Og until easing on rubber completely covered. Evacuate air bubble y repeated diaphragm. See dwg 3.0 6. Center OZ membrane onto DO probe OT touch middle of membrane i I 7. With membrane retainer push membrane onto probe, snapping retainer into groove on probe to secure membrane in place. ' Be sure membrane its smooth and taut. I 8. Run newly filled probe on meter for at least 30 minutes to dissipate OZ electrolyte. 9. Calibrate per section 6.3 i I TAKE A MEASUREMENT I 1. Put probe in water /solution 1 2. Push ON wait 5 seconds 3. Push ENTER All 4 readings will be displayed. I � L TABLE OF CONTENTS I - 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 METER FAMILIARITY .................................................................................... ............................... 4,5 3.0 . PROBE FAMILIARITY ........................ ........................................................... ............................... 6,7 4.0 OPERATION .................................................... ............................... operational diagram . 5.0 SET UP INSTRUMENT ......... ...... ............................... .......... ........ . ................. . ........ 10 6.0 1 CALIBRATION .......................................................................................... ............................... ... 11 -17 7.0 CALIBRATION SET .................................................................................... ............................... 18 -21 8.0 REVIEW READINGS • °-- ° °•-'•"""' °"' 22 9.0 CLEAR READINqS ............................ i............................................................ ............................... 22 10.0 COMPENSATION ON .............................. ......................... ... ............. ............................... 23 11.0 COMPENSATION OFF ................................................................................... ............................... 24 12.0 f MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... ............................... 25,26 13.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING .................... ..I.......................................................................................... 27 14.0 SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................... ...........4................... 28 CONDUCTIVITY VS TDS CHART .................:........................... ............................... INSIDE BACK COVER i 1 i i 9 I S 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The WATER ANALYZER is a compact, rechargeable, battery' - operated, field Instrument which simultaneously measures the dissolved oxygen level, pH, conductivity and temperature of water and aqueous solutions. The user can elect to display either the uncompensated values of these variables or to display values which have been compensated for extrinsic effects. In the compensated mode, the conductivity and pH values will be compensated for temperature and - the dissolved oxygen reading for temperature, salinity and atmospheric pressure. All of these parameters are measured by a single compact probe which is equipped with a 6 foot cable. This allows remote measurements to be taken, frequently without the need to draw a sample. The water analyzer also contains a built -in measurement log to store readings. This allows several readings to be saved in the'field and then reviewed and recorded at a later time. r 1.2 POWER The battery in the water analyzer should provide about 10 hours of continuous operation. A low -battery signal will appear when approximately 1 hour of use is left The recharge time for the battery is 15 hours. The water analyzer contains a back -up battery and will retain the stored calibration information and the measurement log for at least 30 days without external power. While a cigarette lighter adapter Is provided for charging the water analyzer, extrern2s of temperature during charging are not recommended. It is also recommended that, if the cigarette lighter plug is being used the vehicle not be started while the water analyzer is plugged in. Since the water analyzer uses a sealed lead -acid battery, rather than a NiCad battery, DO NOT fully discharge the battery before recharging it Incomplete charge and discharge cycles will not seriously affect battery life or capacity. The battery is also protected from overcharge so that it may be left connected to the charger whenever it is not in use. Battery should be recharged every 3 -4 months when not in use. 1.3 OPTIONS A kit of calibration standards is available. This kit contains suitable quantities of pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10 buffers, a set of conductivity standards (73.9 uS /cm, 718 uS /cm, 6.67 mS /cm, and 58.6 mS /cm), a portion of sodium sulfite, a container of deionized water, a package of oxygen membranes, and a membrane retainer. In addition, several factory installed hardware options are available for the water analyzer. The most commonly requested options are long cable lengths and automatic barometric pressure compensation. 1l .y e4e. . f !! t :• Probes with cables up to 200 ft long are available for the water analyzer. This option must be requested with the initial order for a water analyzer. It cannot be retro -fit into an analyzer nor may it be installed in the field. Automatic atmospheric pressure compensation is available as a factory Installed option. This may also be added to a previously purchased analyzer by the factory. Compensation ON ENTER — Displays compensated values MODE Compensation OFF ENTER �� Displays 'RAW' data 7,N Calibrate �� ENTER Baro press ENTER only No Ox ENTER or STORE Air Sat Ox • Put probe In buffer /standard pH 7.00 " corresponding to value stored pH to • ` ■ In CAL SET. ENTER MODE STORE will auto cal & move to P H hi • ■ ■ next range. ADC Is ref. # only. push ENTER to skip Cond Rng 1 ' push MODE to exit at any time Cond Rng 4 " DISPLAY Calibration Set— ENTER Baro press + STORE MEASUREMENTS store BAROmetdc pressure in pH to this MODE pH hi ' i Use remaining steps ONLY to Cond Rng 1 ■ • enter special /custom calibra- tion standards.. See Section 7.0 Cond Rng 4 STORE Review Readings ENTER Displays last entry # push + I for desired # push MODE to exit at any time ENTER to display data i for #s push other Clear Readings -- JENTER displays ARE YOU SURE? push 4 f YESINO ENTER push MODE to exit at any time Erase all Cal instrument Setup ENTER + i YESINO ENTER ARE YOU SURE? Use this mode to change TEMP + YESINO ENTER and OX notation. DO NOT Eras all Cal without thoroughly reading Section Temprature + OF/°C ENTER 5.0 Oxygen f + ppnV 6Sat ENTER t - tit zj 2.0 METER FAMILIARITY The water meter has been designed to be fairly rugged and weather resistant it is not, however, waterproof. Do not drop the water meter into a lake, pond or other body of water, nor allow it to. become overly wet In _ the rain. 2.1 Used to turn the meter on and off. 2.2 Used to select the operating mode. 2.3 LCD display. Used to display user prompts and measured values. 2.4 The up and down arrow keys scroll through menus and set values. 2.5 Used to select menu items and SKIP calibration prompts. . 2.6 Used to store displayed values in the measurement log. Also used to store calibration and calibration set values. 2.7 Probe connection. If it should be necessary to disconnect the probe from the meter this may be done by squeezing the top and bottom faces (the ridged faces) of the probe's plug and then pulling it away from the meter. Do not twist the plug or put any unnecessary strain on the cable. To re- connect, line up the plugs' notches with those of the jack and push the plug into the jack, making sure that both detents (one under each ridge) snap into place. 2.8 Battery charger input . f rid 3.0 PROBE FAMILIARITY 3.1 3.d 3.8 3.9— 3.2 aT 3.3 3.6 3.10 N I 4.0 OPERATION 41 4.1 Remove pH Boot ' Before a measurement can be made, the boot must be removed from the av =. small polyethylene capsule which covers its end. " Remove the boot by gently sliding it away from the pH body, toward the conductivity electrodes. It is shipped from the factory filled with a 10% I_ solution of KCI in pH 4 buffer.'.: When storing the probe after taking a measurement, be sure to replace the r•0s; y' boot. it should be filled with a KCI solution. Ideally, a 10% solution of KCI In pH 4 buffer should be used. If none is available, the oxygen electrode t filling solution supplied (which is 1.5 M KCI) may be used. Like any pH electrode, the solution in which the probe's pH electrode is r stored will affect its calibration. If a solution other than i10% KCI'in pH 4 i buffer is to be used to store the pH electrode, it will be necessary to soak f the electrode In this solution for at least 1 day prior to calibrating the water ,. analyzer. DO NOT STORE THE PH ELECTRODE IN DISTILLED WATER.` 4.0 OPERATION 41 4.1 Remove pH Boot ' Before a measurement can be made, the boot must be removed from the pH electrode. See 3.8 for the location of the pH electrode. The boot is a;, =. small polyethylene capsule which covers its end. " Remove the boot by gently sliding it away from the pH body, toward the conductivity electrodes. It is shipped from the factory filled with a 10% solution of KCI in pH 4 buffer.'.: When storing the probe after taking a measurement, be sure to replace the r•0s; y' boot. it should be filled with a KCI solution. Ideally, a 10% solution of KCI In pH 4 buffer should be used. If none is available, the oxygen electrode t4i' filling solution supplied (which is 1.5 M KCI) may be used. Like any pH electrode, the solution in which the probe's pH electrode is r stored will affect its calibration. If a solution other than i10% KCI'in pH 4 i buffer is to be used to store the pH electrode, it will be necessary to soak f the electrode In this solution for at least 1 day prior to calibrating the water ,. analyzer. DO NOT STORE THE PH ELECTRODE IN DISTILLED WATER.` DO NOT STORE THE PH ELECTRODE DRY. ' 4.2 Turn .on the Water Analyzer To turn on the water analyzer, press the ON /OFF key (see 2.1). The analyzer should beep and display the message "* Version 5.0x * ", "Restoring Data" for 3 seconds. After the data has been restored, the display will show the "Water Analyzer" prompt. If no keys are pressed, 20 seconds later the analyzer will begin displaying measurements. If the ENTER key is pressed the analyzer will Immediately begin displaying measurements. If the ,MODE key is pressed Instead, a new mode may be selected. Normally one would press the ENTER key as soon as the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. 4.3 Display Readings After the ENTER key is pressed when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed, the analyzer will begin displaying the temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen level of the solution. The conductivity reading, labelled as being in uS (microsiemens or micromhos) or mS (millisiemens or miilimhos) is actually the value in uS /cm or mS /cm. To convert to TDS (total dissolved solids) refer to the Chart on page 28. The center of the top line of the display will contain either a "c" or a "n ", denoting compensated or not compensated, respectively. In the compensated mode, the pH and conductivity value are compensated for temperature and the dissolved oxygen level for temperature, salinity, and atmospheric pressure. To change between the compensated and uncompensated (or not compensated) modes, see sections 10 and 11. To change the units, notation (i.e. Fahrenheit vs. Centigrade for temperature), the Setupinstrument mode must be used. 4.4 STORE MEASUREMENTS (Log Readings) Pressing the STORE key while the analyzer is displaying readings will cause them to be stored in a measurement log (memory). The number assigned to the logged reading will flash on the display for 3 seconds. The stored readings may be recalled with the ReuiewReadings mode (see section 8.0). The measurement log may be erased with the ClearReadings mode (see section 9.0). 7 N - 5.0 SETUP INSTRUMENT . `::.. The Setup Instrument mode allows the units used to display the temperature and dissolved oxygen level to. be set. It also allows the memory of the analyzer (customer /user entries only) to be erased. To select the Setup Instrument mode, press the MODE key when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed after the meter is turn on. Then press the , ' UP or DOWN arrow keys until bottom line of the display reads SETUP ' INSTRUMENT. Once this is displayed, press the ENTER key to select the f.. Setupinstrument mode. i 5.1 Erase All Cal The first of the Setupinstrumentprompts is Erase All Cal. This should never be required. In addition to erasing all of the calibration information (both the calibrate and calibration set values), it with erase the measurement log "< and any previous instrument setup. , SIMPLY PRESS THE ENTER KEY WHILE NO IS DISPLAYED ON THE f BOTTOM LINE TO SKIP THIS ACTION. '. If you feel compelled to erase the stored information, use the UP or DOWN ` arrow keys to change the No to Yes and then press the ENTER key. You will then be asked if you are sure. The same method may be used to change this question's default answer of No to Yes. 5.2 Units for Temperature Display After the Erase All Cal prompt has been skipped, you may set the units to • use when displaying temperature. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to toggle between °F and °C. When the desired choice is displayed, press i <. the ENTER key to save it Pressing the STORE key will have no effect 5.3 Units for Oxygen Display Al After the units for the temperature display have been set, the units used for displaying the dissolved oxygen level may be entered. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to toggle between ppm and % (for % saturation). When the desired choice is displayed, press the ENTER key to save it Pressing tf the STORE key will have no effect lI ..1J R .7 J:r,li 10 �i r ti ' 6.0 Calibration Even though the water analyzer is calibrated before it leaves the factory, it is recommended that it be calibrated prior to use. In addition, periodic calibration is recommended to ensure the accuracy of the displayed readings. The pH probe does require periodic calibration. The condition of the probe will be primarily dependent upon its storage condition. Storing it in the recommended boot solution of 10% KCI in pH 4 buffer will reduce the frequency with which it will need calibration. The dissolved oxygen probe also requires periodic calibration. Organic matter can foul the pores in its membrane, reducing its effectiveness. Since the probe's response is dependent upon the mass transport characteristics of the membrane, as well as the condition of the surface of the gold electrode, it needs to be calibrated whenever the membrane is replaced. The conductivity probe has less stringent calibration requirements than the pH and dissolved oxygen sensors. Frequently the factory calibration will be usable on all but the least sensitive (greatest conductivity) range, range 4. If you are working with only slightly conductive solutions (less than about 5 mSlcm) you will probable never need to calibrate the conductivity probe. if you will not be using the default (FACTORY INSTALLED) values for any of the standards, you will need to use the Calibration Set mode to load the appropriate values for the standards into the meter before calibrating it The Calibration Set mode is described in section 7. 6.1 Barometric Pressure T Prior to calibrating the oxygen sensor, the meter must be Nold the current atmospheric pressure. This is because the solubility of oxygen in water is dependent upon the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere; this, In turn is dependent upon the total atmospheric pressure. To display the atmospheric pressure to be used when calibrating the oxygen probe, press the MODE key when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed after the meter is first turned on. Then press the UP or DOWN arrow keys until the bottom line of the display reads Calibrate. Once this is displayed, press the ENTER key to select the Calibrate mode. The first prompt displayed will be "Barometric Pressure = ". This value is provided for reference only. To change the value displayed, the Calibra : tion Set mode must be used (see 7.1). This value must match the current atmospheric pressure prior to calibrating the oxygen sensor. When this prompt is displayed, press the ENTER key to proceed to the No Oxygen Cal. The meter may take up to 8 seconds to act on the key press. Do not press the ENTER key twice as this may cause the meter to skip the No Oxygen Cal. 11 ,i '1 r. i I< 'i Take the multiplier from the table corresponding to your altitude and multiply it by the standardized barometer reading to get the actual atmospheric pressure. 6.2 No Oxygen Cal The first calibration point for the oxygen sensor is the no oxygen calibration point. This step is necessary ONLY if you desire accuracy greater than 0.1 ppm. Otherwise, press ENTER to SKIP. Since oxygen is present in the atmosphere it is hard to prevent it from dissolving into any test solution. A chemical called Sodium Sulfite -uk (Na2SO j, however, will react with any dissolved oxygen to remove it from k solution. To perform the No Oxygen Cal, first get a bottle or bucket of clean water into which the probe will fit. Then add j tsp. of Sodium Sulfite to the water. (Sodium Sulfite is available in the calibration kit for the water analyzer or from most chemical supply houses.) Place the probe into the liquid so that it Is entirely under the level of the liquid. Then select the No Oxygen Cal prompt by moving past the 3 Barometric Pressure display by pressing the ENTER key. 12 6.1 (cont.) The barometric pressure, as reported by radio and television stations is not the correct atmospheric pressure to use. For standardization, the values they report are corrected to sea level. To convert from the reported value to the actual atmospheric pressure your altitude above sea level must be tT` known. Frequently a local airport will be able to provide this information. i z To convert from a reported standard barometric pressure to an actual ` atmospheric pressure in Torrs (mm of Mercury) the values in the following table may be used: To convert from inches of mercury to mm of mercury (Torrs) multiply by 25.4) Altitude Multiplier,, r.a -50o ft 1.018 sea level 1.000 500 ft 0.982 '{{ 1000 ft 0.964 1500 ft 0.947 2000 ft 0.93 2500 ft 0.913 3000 ft 0.896 '? 3500 ft 0.880 t1 4000 ft 0.864 5000 ft 0.832 '1 6000 ft 0.801 'J1 7000 ft 0.772 ' Take the multiplier from the table corresponding to your altitude and multiply it by the standardized barometer reading to get the actual atmospheric pressure. 6.2 No Oxygen Cal The first calibration point for the oxygen sensor is the no oxygen calibration point. This step is necessary ONLY if you desire accuracy greater than 0.1 ppm. Otherwise, press ENTER to SKIP. Since oxygen is present in the atmosphere it is hard to prevent it from dissolving into any test solution. A chemical called Sodium Sulfite -uk (Na2SO j, however, will react with any dissolved oxygen to remove it from k solution. To perform the No Oxygen Cal, first get a bottle or bucket of clean water into which the probe will fit. Then add j tsp. of Sodium Sulfite to the water. (Sodium Sulfite is available in the calibration kit for the water analyzer or from most chemical supply houses.) Place the probe into the liquid so that it Is entirely under the level of the liquid. Then select the No Oxygen Cal prompt by moving past the 3 Barometric Pressure display by pressing the ENTER key. 12 After the Oxygen ADC readings are being displayed, wait until they stop changing, then press the STORE key. (Pressing the ENTER key instead will not save the calibration value.) The readings should stabilize at or below about 40 after less than 30 minutes. If you do not wish to do the No'Oxygen Cal, press the ENTER key when the No Oxygen Cal prompt is displayed. This will cause the meter to proceed to the Air Sat Ox Cal prompt. After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several seconds for the meter to process your. response. Do not press the key twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Air Sat Ox Cal prompt. 6.3 .Air Sat Ox Cal { The second calibration point for the Oxygen Sensor Is air saturated water or water saturated air (100% humidity). This step is relatively simple compared to the No Oxygen Cal. Simply remove the probe from the Sodium Sulfite solution and rinse it with clean water. Then wrap the probe in a wet cloth. Do not touch the oxygen membrane. While the probe is wrapped In the cloth, the oxygen membrane should remain covered with a thin layer of water. After ENTER (skip) or STORE is pressed for the No Oxygen Cal, the meter will advance to the Air Sat Ox Cal prompt and again display the Oxygen ADC readings.t Once the Oxygen ADC readings have stabilized (at a value greater than that obtained for the No Oxygen Cal), press the STORE key to save the new calibration value. If you do not wish to do the Air Sat Ox Cal, simply press the ENTER key when the rom t is displayed. This will cause the meter to skip this P P operation and proceed to the Calib. pH 7.00 operation After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the key '! twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Calib. ` pH 7.00 prompt. 6.4 Calib. pH 7.00 The pH electrode is generally calibrated at 3 points, pH 7, pH 4, and pH 10, all values of commonly available buffers. If a pH 4.00 or ph 10.00 buffer is not available, the Calibration Set mode (see sections 7.2 and 7.3) may be used to indicate the actual values of the buffers to be used. 13 ih 4' ly i` I is `ii I" 6.4 (cont.) To perform the Calib. pH 7.00 operation, advance past the Air Sat Ox Cal prompt by pressing either the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Place the probe in a container of pH 7.00 buffer. The buffer should be deep enough to cover the exposed end of the pH electrode. Observe the displayed value' for the pH 7.0 ADC. When it stabilizes, press the STORE key to save the calibration information. It may take several minutes (1 to 5) for the reading to completely stabilize. If you do not wish to do the Calib. pH 7.00, press the ENTER key when the Calib. pH 7.00 prompt is displayed. This will cause the meter to proceed i to the Calib. pH 4.00 prompt. <: After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several r seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the key twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Calib. pH 4.00 prompt. 6.5 Calib. pH 4.00 /1-0 (Factory Calibration Set) The second point usually used to calibrate the pH electrode is ph4.00. This value may be altered by using the Calibration Set mode (see section 7.2). If it has been altered, the value to be used, rather than 4.00, will appear in the prompt. To perform the Calib. pH 4.00 operation, advance past the Calib. pH 7.00 prompt by pressing either the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Place the probe in a container of pH 4.00 buffer (or other buffer if the Calibration Set routine has been 'used to alter the selected value). The buffer should be deep enough to cover the exposed end of the pH electrode. Observe the displayed value for the pH to ADC. When it stabilizes, press the STORE key to save the calibration information. It may take several minutes (1 to 5) for the reading to completely stabilize. If you do not wish to do the Calib. pH 4.00, press the ENTER key when the Calib. pH 4.00 prompt is displayed. This will cause the meter to proceed .' to the Calib. pH 10.00 prompt. After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several : '{ seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the key ,'i: twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Calib. pH 10.00 prompt. 14 6.6 Calib. pH 10.00 /Hi (Factory Calibration Set) The final point usually used to calibrate the pH electrode is ph 10.00. This value may be altered by using the CalibrationSet mode (see section 7.3). If it has been altered, the value to be used, rather than 10.00, will appear in the prompt. To perform the Calib. pH 10.00 operation, advance past the Calib. pH 4.00 prompt by pressing either the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Place the probe in a container of pH 10.00 ; buffer (or other buffer if the Calibration Set routine has been used to alter the selected value). The buffer should be deep enough to cover the exposed end of the pH electrode. Observe the displayed value for the pHhiADC. When It stabilizes, press the STORE key to save the calibration information. It may take several minutes (1 to 5) for the reading to completely stabilize. � If you do not wish to do the Calib. pH 10.00, press the ENTER key when the Calib. pH 10.00 prompt is displayed. This will cause the meter to proceed to the Cal Cond 73.9 uS prompt. After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the key twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Cal Cond 73.9 uS prompt. 6.7 Cal Cond 73.9 uS (Factory Calibration Set) The water analyzer has four conductivity ranges. The range which will provide the best resolution is selected automatically for display. Each range, however, must be calibrated separately. Thus, four different standards are required for the full conductivity calibration. The four optimal standards are included in the optional calibration kit. They are 73.9 uS /cm, 718 uS /cm, 6.67 mS /cm, and 58.6 mS /cm. . If you will be using conductivity standards whose conductance is different than those listed above, the Calibration Set mode (see sections 7.4 to 7.7) must be used to tell the meter the actual conductivities of the standards. 15 r is 6.7 (cont.) To calibrate the first of the conductance ranges, advance past the Calib. pH 10.00 prompt by pressing the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Rinse and dry the probe and then place it in a container of conductance standard. The standard should be deep enough to cover both conductance electrodes. Observe the values displayed for the Rnge 1 ADC. They should stabilize within 1 minute. When they stabilize, press the STORE key to save the calibration information. If you do not wish to do the Cal Cond 73.9 uS, press the ENTER key when the prompt is displayed. This will' cause the meter to proceed to the Cal Cond 718. uS prompt. After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the key twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Cal Cond 718 uS prompt. ; 6.8 Cal Cond 718. uS (Factory Calibration Set) To calibrate the second conductance range, advance past the Cal Cond 73.9 uS prompt by pressing the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Rinse the probe and then place it in a container of conductance standard. The standard should be deep enough to cover both conductance electrodes. Observe the values displayed for the Rnge 2 ADC. They should stabilize within 1 minute. When they stabilize, press the STORE key to save the calibration- information. If you do not wish to do the Cal Cond 718. A press the ENTER key when the prompt is displayed. This will cause the meter to proceed to the Cal Cond 6.67 mS prompt After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the key twice, as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Cal Cond 6.67 mS prompt. 16 :3 4 . :x 6.9 Cal Cond 6.67 MS (Factory Calibration Set) To calibrate the third conductance range, advance past the Cal Cond 718. a. Y: uS prompt by pressing the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Rinse the probe and then place it in a container of conductance standard. The standard should be deep enough to coven both conductance electrodes. Observe the values displayed for the Rnge 3 ADC. They should stabilize ' within 1 minute. When they stabilize, press the STORE key to save the calibration information. If you do not wish to do the Cal Cond 6.67mS, press the ENTER key when the prompt Is displayed. This will cause the meter to proceed to the Cal Cond 58.6mS prompt. a After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take up to 8 seconds for the meter to Do the key process your response. not press :. twice as the second key press may be taken as a response to the Cal � � Y P Y P ', Cond 58.6 mS prompt. . 6.10 Cal Cond 58.6 MS (Factory Calibration Set) V. To calibrate the final conductance range, advance past the Cal Cond 6.67 f t N. mS' prompt by pressing the ENTER (skip) or STORE key. Rinse the probe "'. and then place it in a container of conductance standard. The standard should be deep enough to cover both conductance electrodes. Observe the values displayed for the Rnge 4 ADC. They should stabilize within 1 minute: When they stabilize, press the STORE key to save the calibration information. If you do not wish to do the Cal Cond 58.6mS press the ENTER key when the prompt is displayed. This will cause the meter to begin displaying the measured values for the temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved r. oxygen level. After you press either the ENTER (skip) or STORE keys, it may take several seconds for the meter to process your response. Do not press the STORE key twice as this may cause a reading to be saved in the measurement ,! log. 17 .. is 7.0 Calibration Set R In order for the water analyzer to be a ccurately calibrated, it must be told the values of the standards used. *set at the facto to 4.00, These are factory 7.00, and 10.00 for pH a nd 73.9 uS, 718. uS,'6.67 ms, and 58.6 MS for conductivity. A set of calibration standards is available from your dealer. if you wish to use standards, other than these, . the stored values must be modified using the Calibration Set mode. Calibration of the oxygen electrode also requires that the meter be told the current atmospheric pressure. See section 6.1 for Instructions on converting the barometric pressure to the true. atmospheric pressure. CALIBRATION SET values are changed by using the UP and DOWN arrows. The first arrow pressed will affect the second digit from the right and determine the direction it can be moved. The second arrow pressed will affect the right hand digit and move it in the opposite direction. EXAMPLE Desired buffer value = 9.35 Following the procedure in s ection 7.3: press the DOWN arrow 7 times in succession DISPLAY will be 9.30 press the UP arrow 5 times in succession DISPLAY will be 9.35 7.1 Barometric Pressure The first Calibration Set value is called the Barometric Pressure. What is actually desired is the atmospheric pressure. A. The value stored here for the barometric (atmospheric) pressure is used to compensate the dissolved oxygen measurement if you are displaying the oxygen level in % saturation and the atmospheric pressure changes, you need only to store the new value here. You do not need to recalibrate the probe. To reach the BarometricPressure prompt, press the MODE key when the Water Analyzer prompt Is displayed after the meter is first turned on. Then press the up or down arrow keys until the bottom line of the display reads Calibration Set. Once this is displayed, press the ENTER key to select the Calibration Set mode. Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to alter the displayed value. When the correct atmospheric pressure is displayed, press the STORE key to save the new value. It you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) key. After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key Is pressed the display will advance to the Calibration Set pH Low prompt. 18 V. - a 19 7.2 Calibration Set pH Low Of the three reference points used in the calibration of the pH electrode, two may be altered. The middle value (ph 7.00) may not be changed. , To change the value of pH for the acidic buffer (low pH number, factory set at 4.00), use the Calibration Set pH Low routine. To reach the Calibration Set pHLow prompt, press either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key while the 5 calibration set Barometric Pressure prompt is displayed. ,prompt Y7;' While the Calibration Set pH Low is displayed, the UP and DOWN arrow keys may be used to alter the expected pH value of the buffer. When i pt ` the correct pH value is displayed, press the STORE key to save the value. , +� If you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) •� -, key, I r , (,h - ! After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key is pressed the display will t' advance to the Calibration Set pH High prompt. r 7.3 Calibration Set pH High `?! ` To change the value of pH for the basic buffer (high pH number, factory set at 10.00), use the Calibration Set pH High routine. To reach the Calibration Set pH High prompt, press either the STORE or ENTER (skip) ` 4tl key while the Calibration Set pH Low prompt is displayed. �F While the Calibration Set pH High prompt is displayed, the UP and DOWN : - " arrow keys may be used to alter the expected pH value of the buffer. When the correct pH value is displayed, press the STORE key to save the value. x'. If you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) (' . key. kv After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key is pressed the display will advance to the Calibration Set Cond 1 prompt y, ! ' 7.4 Calibration Set Cond 1 All or any of the four reference points used to calibrate the conductivity `. probe may be altered by using the Calibration Set mode.' The Calibration Set Cond 1 prompt allows the conductivity of the least ` conductive standard to be entered. To reach this prompt press either the a•. ta, :• P STORE or ENTER (skip) key when the Calibration Set pH High prompt Is displayed. a a 19 7.4 (cant.) When the Calibration Set Cond 1 prompt is displayed, the UP and DOWN arrow keys may be used to alter the conductivity. expected for the standard. The value must be in the range of 10 to 99.9 US/cm- When the correct . conductivity is displayed, press the STORE key to save the new value. If you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) key. After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key is pressed the display will advance to the Calibration Set Cond 2 prompt. 7.5 Calibration Set Cond 2 a The Calibration Set Cond 2 prompt allows the conductivity of the second least conductive standard to be entered. To reach this prompt press either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key when the Calibration' -Set Cored I prompt is displayed. When the Calibration Set Cond 2 prompt is displayed, the UP and DOWN arrow keys may be used to alter the conductivity expected for the standard. The value must be in the range of 100 to 999 uS /cm. When the correct conductivity is displayed, press the STORE key to save the new value. If you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) key. After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key is pressed the display will advance to, the Calibration Set Cond 3 prompt. i a, 20 i — u 21 .5- 7.6 Calibration Set Cond 3 The Calibration Set Cond 3 prompt allows the conductivity of the second most conductive standard to be entered. To reach this prompt press either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key when the Calibration Set Cond2 prompt Is displayed. When the Calibration Set Cond3 prompt is displayed, the UP and DOWN arrow keys may be used to alter the conductivity expected for the standard. The value must be In the range of 1.00 to 9.99 mS/cm. When the correct conductivity Is displayed, press the STORE key to save the new value. 4 If you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) key. After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key Is pressed the display will P 14:4 advance to the Calibration Set Cond 4 prompt ► 7.7 Calibration Set Cond 4 The Calibration Set Cond 4 prompt allows the conductivity of the most conductive standard to be entered. To reach this prompt press either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key when the Calibration Set Cond 3 prompt is displayed. When the Calibration Set Cond 4 prompt is displayed, the up and down arrow keys may be used to alter the conductivity expected for the standard. The value must be in the range of 10.0 to 99.9 MS/cm. When the correct conductivity is displayed, press the STORE key to save the new value. If you do not wish to change the previous value, press the ENTER (skip) key. After either the STORE or ENTER (skip) key is pressed the display will advance to the Water Analyzer prompt, as if the meter had just been turned on. 21 .5- 8.0 REVIEW READINGS The Review Readings mode allows measurements previously stored in the measurement log to be viewed. To place the current measurement in the log, for later review, press the STORE key, any time that the meter is displaying readings. This will store ng to the the teadings in a numbered location. seconds ' number while rthe infoirmation its location will flash on the display fo being saved. To review the stored readings, press the MODE key when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed. Then press the UP or DOWN arrow keys until the bottom lineENTER key to reads Revi Once is is mode. displayed press the While the Review Readings Number prompt i s di! reaadingtto display. When arrow keys may be used to se _ the desired number has been selected press the `ENTER key to cause the - stored information to be displayed. 1 E be used to toggle between the. Review Readings The ENTER key may � Number prompt and the stored information display. j When you have finished reviewing the stored data, press the MODE key to return to the thenrbenusedrto erase thehstored readg Readings If the Clear section 9.0) may will remain } Readings mode is not used to erase the stored readings, they 3 in the instrument and any additional stored readings will simply be added to the end of the list (given higher numbers). 9.0 CLEAR READINGS The Clear Readings mode allows any previously stored readings to be erased without affecting any other aspect of the water analyzer. This frees up memory for additional readings to be stored. Water Analyzer To erase the stored readings, press f when the ow keys until the prompt is displayed. Then pre ss the UP o bottom line of the display r athe lean Readings. gs mode. this is displayed press the ENTER key select After the Clear Readings mode is selected ��N will be prompted y� totchange the question Are You Sure? Use the default answer of No to Yes and then press the ENTER key. The meter will erase all of the previously stored readings and return to the Water Analyzer prompt as if it had just been turned on. The Clear Readings mode erases all of the prey ous f stored readings. No provision exists for erasing a single reading by 22 10.0 COMPENSATION ON The Compensation ON mode is the normal operating mode for the water analyzer. In the Compensation ON mode the four measured parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen) are displayed and the pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen level are corrected for extrinsic effects (temperature, salinity, etc.). In the Compensation ON mode, the pH is corrected for temperature. This allows the calibration and measurement to be done at different temperatures. In the Compensation ON mode, the conductivity is also corrected for temperature. The value reported is the conductivity which would be observed if the solution measured was at 2e C and all of the conductance was due to Sodium Chloride (NaCQ. This is a standard technique and is required by many regulatory agencies. In the Compensation ON mode, the response of the oxygen,. 6ensor is compensated for both the temperature and salinity. Since it is an amperometric sensor its response to a fixed oxygen concentration is temperature dependent, thus its response needs to be temperature compensated. Both of the units allowed for measurement of oxygen (ppm and percent saturation) make the reported value also dependent upon the salinity of the solution. The same assumption used for the conductivity is used for the oxygen, that all of the conductance is due to Sodium Chloride, and the measured concentration is corrected for the presence of the salt prior to being displayed. If the Compensation ON mode is being used, the middle character of the top line of the display will be a "c ". if this character is an "n" instead, the Compensation OFF mode is being used. To change from the Compensation OFF mode to the Compensation ON mode, press the MODE key when the Water Analyzer prompt is displayed after the meter is first turned on. Then press the UP or DOWN arrow key until the bottom line of the display reads Compensation ON. Once this is displayed pressing the ENTER key will select the Compensation ON mode. 23 11.0 COMPENSATION OFF i The Compensation OFF mode is not normally used. In the Compensation ^,E ' OFF mode, the four measured parameters are displayed. None of them are corrected for extrinsic effects. Therefore accurate readings for the pH and '..- .:. conductivity iy are only obtained if the measurement is done at the same temperature as the calibration. Also the oxygen reading will only be correct press calibration. and salinity as w at the same as used for the me temperature, p calibration. (Units whose software version is less than 5.04 will never x display the correct oxygen concentration in the Compensation OFF mode. ;.'... if the Compensation OFF mode is in being used, the middle character of ,. ��'• � � the top line of the display will be an "n ". If this character is an "c" instead, _ the Compensation ON mode is. being used. . To change from the Compensation ON mode to the Compensation OFF mode, press the MODE key when the WateSAhelUprorrDOWN arrow displayed until the meter is first turned on. Then press i Once this is displayed =!, bottom line of the display reads Compensation OF.� pressing the ENTER key will select the Compensation OFF mode. .i 24 0 _f 5•� 12.0 MAINTENANCE The water analyzer. does not normally require a significant amount of maintenance, other than periodic calibrations. (rhe frequency with which it is calibrated will depend upon the required accuracy- of the readings and the frequency and manner with which it is used.) 121 Oxygen Sensor if the sensitivity of the oxygen sensor decreases or the ADC# measured In the No Oxygen Cal step becomes excessive (over 75), it may be necessary to replace the oxygen membrane (item 3.3) and polish the gold cathode. To do this it is necessary to first remove the oxygen membrane. This is accomplished by first removing the probe guard (item 3.1). Pull it firmly out from the body of the probe. Do not use any tools to pry the fingers outward as this may damage the temperature sensor. Then slide the membrane retainer (item 3.4) away from the probe body in a similar fashion. This will release the membrane. The used membrane should be discarded. A package of containing additional membranes is included with the meter. Additional packages are available from your dealer. Rinse the sensor tip with either deionized water or with oxygen electrode filling solution. If the gold appears discolored or the sensor is being cleaned because of excessive current (high ADC#) in the No Oxygen Cal step, the gold cathode must be polished. Included with the package of membranes are several small sections of 1500 grit abrasive paper. While keeping the gold wet with deionized water or oxygen electrode filling solution, use one of these to restore the finish on the end of the sensor. Shake the probe to remove any solution which may be in the oxygen sensor. Rinse off the oxygen tip with Dl water or Ox- filling solution to remove any loose particles. Fill the sensor with oxygen electrode filling solution (this is 1.5 M KCI). You may need to press and release the oxygen diaphragm (item 3.5) to aid in removing any bubbles. 25 S 12.1 (cons) Once the sensor is clean and filled with fresh solution so that the meniscus the robe covers the gold cathode, carefully place acleanemem carefully press ton tip. Moisten the inside of the membrane r to the probe. The membrane covering the probe tip should be tight and free of wrinkles when the retainer seats into the groove just below the probe tip. , s obtaned. After the it may require several tries before a su'a b to do ithe No iOxygen al and membrane has been replaced it is necessary the Air Sat Cal (see 6.2 and 6.3). fi 12.2 Conductivity Sensor The conductivity sensor was to stainless steel to provide years aof trouble -free The probes are made of 302 s �J( service. Should any corrosion or build -up become evident the e � cleanser will need to be cleaned with a toothbrush. A mildly process. Comee or AjaxR may be used to aid the cleaning p After cleaning, the conductivity probe will need to be calibrated. See sections 6.7 to 6.10 for the conductivity calibration procedure. 12.3 pH Electrode The pH electrode requires more maintenance than any of the other sensors included in the water analyzer. The pH electrode must not be allowed to dry. A boot has been provided with the water analyzer to keep the electrode moist it should be filled pH electrode boot solution (1096 KCI in pH 4 buffer) and kept on the electrode when only report use. The H of this t hould solution.' moed prior to use or the probe will o y p The pH electrode must not be stored dry. if the electrode is allowed to dry, soak in warm KCI solution for 8 -12 hours. ed The pH electrode must not be stored In ution Mack ngt sufficient the wH electrode in deionized water (or any s l cause the electrode to drift This will cause it to require more frequent calibration. 26 ` S- 13.0 Troubleshooting The water analyzer is not designed for field repair. Some problems, however, may be remedied without the need for any physical disassembly. The more common of these and their remedies are listed below. If you have a more serious problem or the listed remedy seems ineffectual, contact your dealer or the factory for additional help. PROBLEM SUGGESTED ACTION No display Battery not charged. Check for operation with the AC adapter. if necessary, recharge battery by leaving the meter plugged in overnight Displays The symbol <<< is used to indicate underrange and <<< or >>> >>> overrange. For conductivity <<< indicates the solution has a conductivity of less than] 10 uS /cm; # >>> a conductivity greater than 99.9 mS /bm. if this f appears unexpectedly it may indicate a problem with the probe. You may wish to service the appropriate sensor as described in section 12. i Displayed value Check the calibration of the appropriate sensor. incorrect When calibrating it is necessary to press the STORE t key to update the calibration information. i pH will only If the pH reading remains at 0 or 14 even after read 0 or 14 calibration, it indicates that the probe is leaking. The water analyzer should be returned to the factory for repair. No Oxygen Cal if the No Oxygen Cal reading is substantially greater reading much than 40 (i.e. greater than about 75), the oxygen sensor greater than 40 should be serviced as described in section 12.1. pH reading drifts If the pH reading drifts or you are unable to obtain or unable to a constant ADC reading in the Calib. pH mode the obtain constant electrode has probably been stared improperly. Soak ADC reading in the entire probe in warn (100 F or 40 C) water Calib. pH saturated with KCI for several hours. Then soak the ` probe overnight in 10% KCI in pH 4 buffer. (Be sure to remove the pH electrode boot prior to soaking the probe.) This procedure should resolve the difficulty. Normal storage of the probe is with the boot filled with 10% KC1 in pH 4 buffer. j Conductivity If the conductivity readings drift or are in error, use . readings drift the procedure described in section 12.2 to clean the conductivity sensors. Be sure to calibrate the conductivity sensor after cleaning it 14.0 Specifications CONDUCTIVITY OXYGEN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT pH Accuracy is 2% within 5 OC Of calibration temperature; 5% from 0 to 50 OC. FE El 0-50 0 Range 0-14 pH 0-99 us/cm o-so ppin 32-122 F 0-M us/cm 0-9.99 rnslern 0-99.9 ms /cm Resolution o.ol pH 0.1% of range 0.1 ppm OC11.89F Accuracy 0.02 pH 3% FS 2-5% FS 8"L x 1.25"W x 1.25"D; 6 foot cable Probe dimensions: -Meter dimensions: 7.5"L x 4.25"W x 1.5' ' D Shipping weight: 5 lbs (2.3 kg) Operating temperature: 0 to 50 OC (non-condensing atmosphere) to 55 OC (non-condensing atmosphere) Storage tem perature: -5 Accuracy is 2% within 5 OC Of calibration temperature; 5% from 0 to 50 OC. FE El CONDUCTIVITY - TDS CONVERSION CHART.. Conduct Resist TDS` Conduct ' Resist ; ' _ : TDS*.I In mS cm ' in ohms in ppm in mS cm in ohms ppm l t .01 100K 4.6 39.9 25.1. 27,000 .05 20K 24 41.2 24.3 28,000 .1 10K 47 42.6 23.5 28,900 .2 5000 91 44.0 22.7 30,000 . ' 2000 240 45.3 22.1 31,000 .5 1.0 1000 495 46.7 21.4 32,000 1.7 58$ 588 48.0 ;' 20.8 33,000 ,, 4 i 3.3 303 1,990 49.4 20.2 34,000 5.0 200 2,990 50.7 ,` 9.7 34,900: 6.6 -• 152 3,990 52.0 9.2 36,000 ' 8.2 122 4,980 53.3 18.8 --', 36,900 s 9.8 102 5,970 54.7 18.3 38,000 ,. 11.4 87.7 6,970 56.0 17.9 38,900 ' 12.9 77.5 7,960 57.3 17.5 40,000 14.4 69.4 8,940 58.6 17.1 40,900 ' 16.0 62.5 10,000 59.9 16.7 41,900 ` 17.5 57.1 11,000 61.2 16.3 429900 18.9 52.9 11,000 625 16.0 43,900 20.4 49.0 12,000 63.8 15.7 45,000 21.8 45.9 13,000 65.1 15.4 45,900 23.2 43.1 14,900 66.3 15.1 46,900 24.6 40.7 16,000 67.6 14.8 48,000 26.0 38.5 16,000 68.9 14.5 48,900 27.4 36.5 17,000 70.1 14.3 49,900 28.8 34.7 18,900 72.6 13.8 51,900 30.2 33.1 19,900 75.1 13.3 53,900 31.6 31.6 21,000 77.5 12.9 55,900 33.0 30.3 22,000 80.0 12.5 57,900 34.3 29.2 23,000 84.7 11.8. 61,800 35.7 28.0 24,000 89.4 11.2.,.: 65,900 37.1 27.0 25,000 94.1 10.6 69,900 ' N 38.5 26.0 26,000 98.7 10.1 73,900 :y -i } ^ * Based on Sodium Chloride at 20 °C f .. r. 'i Total Suspended Solids Procedure SOLIDS (2540) /Total Suspended 2 -75 tions to the same dish after evaporation. 5. Precision Dry for at least 1 h in an oven at 180 ± Single- laboratory analyses of 77 samples 2'C, cool in a desiccator to balance tem- of a known of 293 mg/L were made with perature, and weigh. Repeat drying cycle a standard deviation of differences of 21.20 of drying, cooling, desiccating, and weigh- mg /L. ing until a constant weight is obtained or until weight loss is less than 4% of previous 6. Reference weight or 0.5 mg, whichever is less. 1. SOKOLOFF, V.P. 1933. Water of crystallization in total solids of water analysis. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed. 5:336. 4. Calculation 7. Bibliography HOWARD, C.S. 1933. Determination of total dis- mg total dissolved solids /L solved solids in water analysis. Ind Eng. _ (A — B) X 1000 Chem., Anal. Ed. 5:4. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1974. Methods for le volume, mL sample Collection and Analysis of Water Samples for Dissolved Minerals and Gases. Techniques of where: Water- Resources Investigations, Book 5, A = weight of dried residue -1- dish, mg, and Chap. Al. U.S. Geological Surv., Washing - - B = weight of dish, mg. ton, D.C. 0(_6 VC-PSlOrJ (APM,15gS) 20:� C.. - ( APKA t9g ) ) , V. 2540 D. Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103 -105 °C 1. General Discussion ids thoroughly wash the filter to ensure removal of the dissolved material. Pro - a. Principle: Awell -mixed sample is fit- longed filtration times resulting from filter tered through a weighed standard glass- clogging may produce high results owing fiber filter and the residue retained on the to excessive solids capture on the clogged filter is dried to a constant weight at 103 filter. to 105T. The increase in weight of the filter represents the total suspended solids. If the 2. Apparatus suspended material clogs the filter and pro- longs filtration, the dilferenc6 between the Apparatus listed in Sections 2540B.2 and total solids and the total dissolved- solids 2540C.2 is required, except for evaporating Tay provide an estimate of the total sus - dishes, steam bath, and 180°C drying oven. p Ended solids. In addition: b. Interferences: Exclude large floating * Planchet, * aluminum or stainless steel, particles or submerged agglomerates of 65 -mm diam. nonhomogeneous materials from the sam - ple if it is determined that their inclusion 3. Procedure, is not desired in the final result. Because a, Preparation df glass -fiber filter disk., excessive residue on the filter may form a Insert disk with wrinkled side up in filtra- - water- entrapping crust, limit the sample size to that yielding no more than 200 mg .Available from New England Nuclear. Boston, Mass.. residue. For samples high in dissolved sol- or equivalent. Y. r 2 -76 PHYSICAL & AGGREGATE PROPERTIES (2000) tion apparatus. Apply vacuum and wash disk with three successive 20-mL portions of distilled water. Continue auction to re- move all traces of water, and discard wash- ings. Remove filter from filtration apparatus and transfer to an aluminum or stainless steel planchet as a support. Al- ternatively remove crucible and filter com- bination if a Gooch crucible is used. Dry in an oven at 103 to 105'C for I h. If volatile solids are to be measured, ignite at 550 50 °C for 15 min in a muffle furnace. Cool in desiccator to balance temperature and weigh. Repeat cycle of drying or igniting, cooling, desiccating, and weighing until a constant weight is obtained or until weight loss is less than 0.5 mg between successive weighings. Store in desiccator until needed. Weigh immediately before use. b. Selection of filter and sample sizes: See Section 2540C.3c. For nonhomogeneous� samples such as raw wastewater, use a large filter to permit filtering a representative sample. G Sample analysis. Assemble filtering ap- paratus and filter and begin suction. Wet filter with a small volume of distilled water to seat it. Filter a measured volume of well - mixed sample through the glass fiber filter. Wash with three successive 10 -mL volumes of distilled water, allowing complete drain - age between washings and continue suction for about 3 min after filtration is complete. Carefully remove filter from filtration ap- paratus and transfer to an aluminum or } stainless steel planchet as a support. Al- ternatively, remove the crucible and filter combination from the crucible adapter if a Gooch crucible is used. Dry for at least I h at 103 to 105'C in an oven, cool in a desiccator to balance temperature, and weigh. Repeat the cycle of drying, cooling, desiccating, and weighing until a constant weight is obtained or until the weight loss is less than 4% of the previous weight or 0.5 mg. whichever is less. 4. Calculation mg total suspended solids /L _ (A — B)x 1000 sample volume, ml. where: A = weight of filter f dried residue, mg. and B = weight of filter, mg. 5. Precision The standard deviation was 5.2 mg /L (coefficient of variation 33 01o) at 15 mg/L, 24 mg/L (10 %) at 242 mg/L, and 13 mg/L (0.76 %) at 1707 mg/L in studies by two analysts of four sets of 10 determina- tions each. Single- laboratory duplicate analyses of 50 samples of water and wastewater were made with a standard deviation of differ - ences of 2.8 mg/L. 6. Bibliography DEGEN, J. & F.E. NUSSaERoER. 1956. Notes on the determination of suspended solids. Sewage Ind. Wastes 28:237. CHANIN, G., E.H. CHOW, R.B. ALEXANDER & J. POWERS. 1958. Use of glass fiber filter me- dium in the suspended solids determination. Sewage Ind. Wastes 30:1062. NUSBAUM, I. I958. New method for determina- tion of suspended solids. Sewage Ind. Wastes 30:1066. SMITH. A.L. & A.E. GREENBERG. 1963. Evalu- ation of methods for determining suspended ° solids in wastewater. J. Water Pollut Control Fed. 35:940. WYCKOFF, B.M. 1964. Rapid solids determination using glass fiber filters. Water Sewage Works 111:277. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY FOR AIR AND STREAM IMPROVEMENT. 1975. A Preliminary Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Suspended Solids in Paper Industry Effluents for Compliance with EPA -NPDES Permit Terms. Spec. Rep. No. 75 -01. National Council of the Paper Industry for Air & Stream Improvement, New York, N.Y. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY FOR AIR AND STREAM IMPROVEMENT. 1977. I SOLIDS (2540) /Fixed & Volatile 2 -77 A Study of the Effect of Alternate Procedures TREES, C.C. 1978. Analytical analysis of the effect on E1Huent Suspended Solids Measurement. of dissolved solids on suspended solids deter - Stream Improvement Tech. Bull. No. 291, mination. J. Water Pollut Control Fed. National Council of the Paper Industry for 50:2370. Air & Stream Improvement, New York, N.Y. 2540 E. Fixed and Voia ' 1. General Discussion .a. Principle. The residue from Method B, C, or D is ignited to constant weight at 550 ± 50 °C. The remaining solids repre- sent the fixed total, dissolved, or suspended solids while the weight lost on ignition is the volatile solids. The determination is useful in control of wastewater treatment plant operation because it offers a rough approximation of the amount of organic matter present in the solid fraction of wastewater, activated sludge, and indus- trial wastes. b. Interferences: Negative errors in the volatile solids may be produced by loss of volatile matter during drying. Determina- tion of low concentrations of volatile solids in the presence of high fixed solids con- centrations may be subject to considerable error. In such cases, measure for suspect volatile components by another test, for example, total organic -. :carbon (Section 5310). x �` the Solids Ignited at 550C, t o� 2. Apparatus f See Sections 2540B.2, 2540C.2, and t2540D.2. 3. Procedure Ignite residue produced by Method B, C, or D to constant weight in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 550 ± 50'C. Have furnace up to temperature before in- serting sample. Usually, 15 to 20 min ig- nition are required. Let dish or filter disk cool partially in air until most of the heat has been dissipated. Transfer to a desic- cator for final cooling in a dry atmosphere. Do not overload desiccator. Weigh dish or disk as soon as it has cooled to balance temperature. Repeat cycle of igniting, cool - ing, desiccating, and weighing until a con- stant weight is obtained or until weight loss is less than 4°Jo of previous weight. V 4. Calculation (A — B) x 1000 mg volatile solids /L = sample volume, mL (B — C) X 1000 mg fixed solids /L = temple volume, mL where: A = weight of residue + dish before igni- tion, mg, B = weight of residue + dish or filter after ignition, mg, and C = weight of dish or filter, mg. 5. Precision The standard deviation was 11 mg/L at 170 mg/L volatile total solids in studies by three laboratories on four samples and 10 replicates. Bias data on actual samples can- not be obtained. Operator's Manual for Turbidimeter Model 800 . 1 E =S L 800- 742 -4325 USA ENGINEERED 800 -838 -3779 CANADA SYSTEMS & DESIGNS ' 3 South Tatnall Street • Wilmington, Delaware 19801 (302) 571 -1195 • FAX (302) 571 -9264 Operator's Manual Turbidimeter Model 800 Index Specifications for Turbidimeter Introduction Preparation of Turbidity -Free Water Reference Standard Preparation of Formazin Standards Dilution of Sample General Operating Instructions Calibration Procedure Using Standardized Solutions Maintenance Replacement Parts Service M 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 Specifications for Turbidimeter Meter Range: 0 -19.99 and 0 -199.9 NTU Accuracy: 0.01 NTU Display: 0,5" LCD Photometric Data Photodetector: 2 Photovoltaic cells, centered at 90 degrees to the incident light path, spectral peak response between 400 and 600 rim. Lamp: Tungsten, lens -end 3.5 volt, operated at a color temperature of 2230 degrees K. Distance traversed by incident light and scattered light within the sample tube is 2.5 cm. Control Panel Range Selector: 3 Positions: Off/ 0 -20 NTU / 0 -200 NTU Zero Control: For calibration to 0 NTU Power Requirements Line Operated: 120 volts, 50/60 Hz Meter Housing Material: Aluminum Dimensions: 3.20" x 9.25" x 6.66" Weight: 3 Ibs a Introduction The Model 800 meets EPA specifications for measurement of turbidity in drinking water. Its drift -free, accurate readings make this instrument suitable for testing municipal water food and beverage processing water, and any aqueous solutions in which con- trol of clarity is critical. The Model 800 is a true nephelometer, measuring the amount of light scattered at a right angle from a beam of light passing through the test sample. Test results are read directly in NTUs on an LCD digital readout. The turbidimeter is pre - calibrated and a simple "zero adjustment" is the only step required prior to testing. Cover the sample tube and chamber when a reading is taken. To prevent dust ac- cumulation, leave the light shield in place on the instrument when it is not in use. Do not store sample tubes in chamber. A function control switch turns the instrument ON and also serves as the range selec- tor for the two ranges: 0 -20 and 0 -200 NTU. The Model 800 is designed to remain on permanently. However, during long periods of non- use, it is recommended the unit be switched off to prolong lamp life. Ifthe unit is switched off_it.will require, approximately inutes for warm -up,. ; Handle the sample tubes with extreme care. Discard any tube with scratches.: It is im- portant that the tube, especially the bottom, be wiped clean with lint -free tissues before inserting it into the reading chamber. To avoid smudges, handle all tubes by the top of the tube only. On the side of each sample tube is a verticle white index line. Make sure this index line faces the exact same position every time you insert the sample tube into the test cham- ber. if the index line is not in the same position, the reading on the meter will change; not because of a changge in the test solution, but because of the varying opticle charac- teristics of the sample tube. You can verify this lassware effect by rotating the sample tube in the test chamber. You will notice the meter readings change. , Caps for the sample tubes are provided. These caps should prevent be placed on the sample tubes f the contents into the chamber• The reading chamber ound be ept dry and clean spil- lage all times to ensure accurate readings. Turbidity samples and standards should be thoroughly mixed before inserting either to s andrfordanfewhminubtes orllby gently tappinbe nd swirling the contenitsWing the tube Particulate matter, such as dust or lint in the sample, will cause considerable fluctuation in the meter reading as the particle comes into the path of the light beam. In most cases, the meter readings will waver between a steady reading and a higher reading. The reading will eventually fluctuate back down to a lower readingg as the particle se- tles. When this type of reading is evident, it is best to remove the light shield and ex- amine the sample. Preparation of Turbidity -Free Water Reference Standard The filter holder and syringe must be conditioned, by forcing at least two syringe loads of deionized water through the filtering mechanism, to remove foreign mattyer from the fil- tering apparatus. The first and second rinses are discarded. Turbidity -free water, as preparedPbelow, may be stored in the dark, at room temperature, in a clear glass bottle with a screw cap, or in a turbidity tube and used as required. The storage vessels should be rinsed thoroughly with filtered - deionized water. Periodically inspect the water for foreign matter in a bright light. , 2 Procedure for Making Triple Filtered Distilled Water 1. Remove the plunger from the syringe and attach the filter holder to the bottom of the syringe_ 2. Pour approximately 50 mL of deionized water into the barrel of the syringe, replace the plunger into barrel and exert pressure on the plunger to slowly force the water through the filter. Collect the water in a suitably clean container. 3. Remove filter holder from syringe then remove plunger from barrel. This procedure is required to prevent rupturing the membrane filter, by the vacuum created as the plunger is removed from the barrel. 4. Replace filter holder and repeat Steps 3 and 4 until the desired amount of turbidity free water is collected. Periodically examine the membrane filter to insure no holes or cracks are evident. 5. Repeat Steps 1 through 4 using the 1X filtered water obtained in Step 4. This will give you 2X filtered water. 6. Repeat Steps 1 through 4 using the 2X filtered water of Step 5. This gives you a 3X or triple - filtered water. 7. Depending upon the nature of the unfiltered water, it is possible to prepare a liter or more of turbidity -free water using a single filter. The membrane filter may be stored in the holder for an indefinite period of time and used as required. Preparation of Formazin Standards Calibration of the Model 800 is based upon Formazin, a suspension which is more reproducible in its light- scattering properties than any other suspension. The Model 800 has been calibrated to Formazin solutions by the factory and the calibra- tion should not change with time. However, should the instrument indicate a need for calibration, it may be accomplished in the laboratory by using carefully prepared For - mazin solutions as follows: The standard Formazin solution has a value of 4000 NTU. This solution is used as the stock solution and is stable for 6 months in the undiluted form. Dilutions of the stock solution are made with turbidity -free water as prepared on page 2. A working standard is prepared by pipetting exactly 10 mL of the stock solution into a clean, volumetric flask and diluting to 100 mL. The working standard has a value of 400 NTU and is stable for one month. Dilutions of the stock solution, resulting in values below 400 NTU, should be prepared daily for reliable results. The following table gives the relationship between dilutions of the 400 NTU solution and the resulting values as NTU. When diluting the suspension, use only turbidity -free, triple - filtered, deionized water. NTU mL of 400 NTU solution (diluted to 100 mL with turbidity -free water:) 400 0 200 50 50 12.5 20 5.0 10 2.5 1 0.25 0.5 0.125 0.1 0.025 3 Dilution of Sample If the sample has a turbidity reading greater than 200-NTOs, it is necessary to dilute the sample with turbidity -free, deionized water to bring the reading within range of the instru- ment. Turbidity -free, deionized water may be prepared as described above. The follow - ing calculation is required if the sample is diluted: A B+ = D Where A = NTU found in diluted sample B = Volume of deionized water used, mL C = Sample volume taken for dilution, mL D = NTU of original, undiluted sample For example: If 10 mL of sample water is diluted with 90 mL of turbidity -free water to a total volume of 100 mL and the resulting solution measures 40 NTU, the turbidity of the original undiluted sample is: 40 (9� 0 ±j 01 = 400 NTU 10 . General Operating Instructions 1. First attach the AC wall adapter's 3.5mm plug into the instrument's Jack located on the rear panel of the instrument. The AC wail adapter converts 120 volts AC to 9 volts DC, 500 milliamps. Allow the Model 800 to warm -up for 30 minutes. 2. Insert a sample tube containing a turbidity -free zero (0) reference of either triple fil- tered water or a 0 NTU polymer standard into the chamber, and replace the light shield. Ensure cap is on tube. Permanently sealed polymer standards of 0 NTU and 10 NTU values are available for purchase from the manufacturer. Please refer to the Replace - meet Parts section on page 5. 3. Rotate the range switch to the "20" position, and with the zero adjustment knob ad- just meter to react_ "O ". For multiple samples, it is not necessary to reset the zero for each sample. 4. Remove the zero standard from the chamber and insert the test sample. Ensure cap is on tube. 5. Replace light shield. 6. Rotate switch until appropriate range is selected for reading the sample. If the meter shows a 1 - - -, it is over ranged. Change the range switch to the 200 range. If the read- ing is greater than 200 NTU, dilute the sample by 1/2 to obtain reading and multiply results by 2 . See page 3 for dilution instructions. 7. Remove sample from chamber and replace light shield. Samples should never be al- lowed to remain in the chamber for extended periods of time. Calibration Procedure Using Standardized Solutions Although each instrument is precalibrated before it leaves the factory it may be neces- sary to check the calibration to determine if the instrument is responding according to the specifications. The instrument should be allowed to warm up for 30 minutes. Please read the instructions thoroughly before starting. Procedure 1A. Insert a sample tube with turbidity -free, triple - filtered, deionized water or a 0 NTU Polymer standard into the chamber and cover. Set the range switch to "�0" NTU. Set the "Zero Control" potentiometer on the instrument panel so that the meter reads "0 ". If the meter cannot be made to read zero (0), then go to Step 1 B, if the meter does read zero, then go to Step 2. 4 • i B. Set the panel "Zero Control" knob at mid- range, so the arrow on the knob points at the letter "o" of the word "Control ". Locate the coarse zero potentiometer. It can be found on the right side of the instrument and is marked "0 ". With a small screwdriver, set the coarse zero pot so that the meter reads as close to zero (0) as possible. An exact zero can now be set with the "Zero Control" knob. - 2. Insert a 10 NTU standard solution into the chamber and cover. Set the range switch to "20 ". If the meter does not read 10.00, adjust the potentiometer marked "20 , found on the right side of the instrument, with a screwdriver until the meter reads 10.00. The digit "1" will appear in the display when the instrument is over range, that is over 19.99. 3. With the 10 NTU standard solution in the chamber and covered, set the range switch to "200'`. If the meter does not read 10.00, adjust the potentiometer marked 200 , found on the riht side of the instrument, with a screwdriver until the meter reads 10.00. The digit "1---"will appear in the display when the instrument is over range, that is over 199.9. 4. Repeat Steps 1 -4 if necessary. The instrument is now calibrated in both ranges. Maintenance Replacing Light Bulb Unplug instrument from receptacle. Remove the 4 screws from the bottom of the tur- bidity meter and one on each side. Lift the instrument housing from the base. The top part of the instrument housing contains the light box from which the bulb and lead wires can be removed. Carefully remove the wire leads from the light box by unscrewing the wire nuts. Attach the new bulb leads by the wire nuts, and place the bulb back into position in the light box. Place the instrument housing over the base and replace the 6 ` screws. Plu instrument into receptacle. The optical characteristics of each bulb are carefully controlled, but to insure accurate results it may be necessary to calibrate the instrument according to instructions on page 4. Cleaning the Light Box Periodically clean the light box chamber with a lint -free cloth or tissue, to remove foreign matter which may interfere with turbidity readings. If any solution is spilled into the chamber, remove the spilled fluid immediately with an absorbent towel. Wipe clean with a lint -free cloth or tissue. Replacement Parts The following is a list of replacement parts availbale for the Model 800: 01 -Tur -cap 00 01 -Tur- filter Filter, .2 micron disposable % 1 01- Tur - formazin Value of 4000 NTUs 01 -Tur- syringe a<-{ 01- Tur -vial 50 cc syrin e 21x70 mm, lat bottom, with cap 00 5 01- Tur -ONTU 0 NTU permanently sealed polymer standard 10 NTU sealed polymer standard 01- Tur -1 ONTU 01- LMP -Ll025 permanently Lamp 3.5 volt Z v a 01- Adapter -500 ma AC adaptor, 9 volts at 500 milliamps Service In the event you need factory service, return the instrument to: Engineered Systems and Designs Attn: Repair Department 119A Sandy Drive Newark, DE USA 19713 302456 -0446 57/-1115 ,� 9 - ��_� _ � � 101PERTIES (2000) erefore are spec - ument for meas es. Nonstandard •rward- scattering e than nephelo larger particles monitoring. -epancies in tur- X suspensions of to matter for the :ntal calibration es, prepared sus - )tical properties ize distributions, ces. A standard ng reproducible is specified for ect relationship ght scattered at andle turbidity, the practice of in terms of can - erpretation, re- nephelometric netric turbidity and applicabil- ange make the 'erable to visual Ile method has lition of Stand- e day the sam- ge is unavoid- lark for up to eriods because ity may occur. es before ex- AssOCIATION, uSOC1ATION do TURBIDITY (2130) /Nephelometric Method 2 -13 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION. of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed. American 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination Public Health Assoc., Washington, D.C. ot_L VCP -SIC) (ANA ,1.36S� 214A. �APHA , 1989 2130 B. Nephelometric Method 1. General Discussion a. Principle: This method is based on a comparison of the intensity of light scat- tered by the sample under defined condi- tions with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension under the same conditions. The higher the inten- sity of scattered light, the higher the tur- bidity. Formazin polymer is used as the reference turbidity standard suspension. It is easy to prepare and is more reproducible in its light- scattering properties than clay or turbid natural water. The turbidity of a specified concentration of formazin sus- pension is defined as 40 nephelometric units. This suspension has an approximate turbidity of 4Q Jackson units when meas- ured on the candle turbidimeter; therefore, nephelometric turbidity units based on the formazin preparation will approximate units derived from the candle turbidimeter but will not be identical to them. b. Interference: Turbidity can be deter- mined for any water sample that is free of debris and rapidly settling coarse sedi- ments. Dirty glassware, the presence of air bubbles, and the effects of vibrations that disturb the surface visibility of the sample will give false results. "True color," that is, water color due to dissolved substances that absorb light, causes measured turbid - ities to be low. This effect usually is not significant in the case of treated water. 2. Apparatus a. Turbidimeter consisting of a nephe- lometer with a light source for illuminating the sample and one or more photoelectric detectors with a readout device to indicate intensity of light scattered at 90' to the path of incident light. Use a turbidimeter de- signed so that little stray light reaches the detector in the absence of turbidity and free from significant drift after a short warmup period. The sensitivity of the instrument should permit detecting turbidity differ- ences of 0.02 NTU or less iti waters having turbidity of less than 1 NTU with a range from 0 to 40 NTU. Several ranges are nec- essary to .obtain both adequate coverage and sufficient sensitivity for low turbidities. Differences in turbidimeter design will cause differences in measured values for turbidity even though the same suspension is used for calibration. To minimize such differences, observe the following design criteria: 1) Light source— Tungsten - filament lamp operated at a color temperature be- tween 2200 and 300('K. 2) Distance traversed by incident light and scattered light within the sample tube —Total not to exceed 10 cm. 3) Angle of light acceptance by detec- tor—Centered at 90' to the incident light path and not to exceed ± 30' from 90'. The detector, and filter system if used, shall have a spectral peak response between 400 and 600 nm. b. Sample tubes clear colorless glass. Keep tubes scrupulously clean, both inside and out, and discard when they become scratched or etched. Never. handle them where the light strikes them. Use tubes with sufficient extra length, or with a protective case, so that they may be handled properly. Fill tubes with samples and standards that have been agitated thoroughly and allow sufficient time for bubbles to escape. II 2 -14 PHYSICAL & AGGREGATE PROPERTIES (2000) 3. Reagents a. Turbidity free water: Turbidity -free water is difficult to obtain. The following method is satisfactory for measuring tur- bidity as low as 0.02 NTU. Pass distilled water through a membrane filter having precision- sized holes of 0.2 µm;' the usual membrane filter used 'for bacteriological examinations is not satis- factory. Rinse collecting flask at least twice with filtered water and discard the next 200 mL. Some commercial bottled demineralized waters are nearly particle -free. These may be used when their turbidity is lower than can be achieved in the laboratory. Dilute samples to a turbidity not less than I with distilled water. b. Stock turbidity suspension: 1) Solution I— Dissolve 1.000 g hydra- zine sulfate (CAUTION: Carcinogen; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.), (NH,), - H,SO,, in distilled water and dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. 2) Solution II- Dissolve 10.00 g hexa- methylenetetramine, (CH,)6N,, in distilled water and dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. 3) In a 100 -mL volumetric flask, mix 5.0 mL Solution I and 5.0 mL Solution II. Let stand 24 h at 25 ± 3'C, dilute to mark, and mix. The turbidity of this suspension is 400 NTU. 4) Prepare solutions and suspensions monthly. c. Standard turbidity suspension: Dilute 10.00 mL stock turbidity suspension to 100 mL with turbidity -free water. Prepare daily. The turbidity of this suspension is defined as 40 NTU d. Alternate standards: As an alternative to preparing and diluting formazin, use commercially available standards such as styrene divinylbenzene beadst if they are •Nuclepore Corporation. 7035 Commerce Circle, Pleas- anton, Caur., or equivalent. tAMCO- AEPA -I Standard, Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 C Haven Ave., Redwood City, CaliG demonstrated to be equivalent to freshly prepared formazin. e. Dilute turbidity standards: Dilute por tions of standard turbidity suspension with turbidity -free water as required. ,Prepare daily. 4. Procedure a.l Turbidimeter calibration: Follow the manufacturer's operating instructions. In the absenee:of a precalibrated scale, pre- pare calibration curves for each range of the instrument. Check accuracy of any sup- plied calibration scales on a precalibrated instrument by using appropriate standards. Run at least one standard in each instru- ment range to be used. Make certain that turbidimeter gives stable readings in all sensitivity ranges used. High turbidities de- termined by direct measurement are likely to differ appreciably from those determined by the dilution technique, ¶ 4c. b. Measurement of turbidities less than 40 NTU. Thoroughly shake sample. Wait until air bubbles disappear and pour sample into turbidimeter tube. When possible, pour shaken sample into turbidimeter tube and immerse it in an ultrasonic bath for 1 to 2 s, causing complete bubble release. Read turbidity directly from instrument scale or from appropriate calibration curve. c. Measurement of turbidities above 40 NTU. Dilute sample with one or more vol- umes of turbidity -free water until turbidity falls between 30 and 40 NTU. Compute turbidity of original sample from turbidity of diluted sample and the dilution factor. For example, if five volumes of turbidity - free water were added to one volume of sample and the diluted sample showed a turbidity of 30 NTU, then the turbidity of the original sample was 180 NTU. d. Calibrate continuous turbidity moni- tors for low turbidities by determining tur- bidity of the water entering or leaving them, using a laboratory-model turbidi- meter. When this is not possible, use an i' TURBIDITY (2130)/Nephelometric Method appropriate dilute turbidity standard, ¶ 3e. For turbidities above 40 NTU use undi- luted stock solution. 5. Calculation Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) AX(B +C) C where: A = NTU found in diluted sample, B = volume of dilution water, mL, and C = sample volume taken for dilution, mL. 6. Interpretation of Results a. Report turbidity readings as follows: Report to the Turbidity Range Nearest NTU NTU 0 -1.0 0.05 1 -10 0.1 10 -40 1 40 -100 5 100 -400 10 400 -1000 50 > 1000 100 b. For comparison of water treatment efficiencies estimate turbidity more closely than is specified above. Uncertainties and discrepancies in turbidity measurements make it unlikely that two or more labo- ratories will duplicate results on the same sample more closely than specified. 7. Bibliography WHIPPLE, G.C. & D.D. JACKSON. 1900. A com- parative study of the methods used for th measurement of turbidity of water. Mass Ins TechnoL Quart. 13:274. AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION. 1901 Report of Committee on Standard Method of Water Analysis. Pub. Health Papers do Re 27:377. 2 -15 WELLS, P.V. 1922. Turbidimetry of water. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 9 :488. BAYLIS, J.R. 1926. Turbidimeter for accurate measurement of low turbidities. Ind. Eng. Chem. 18:311. - WELLS, P.Y. 1927. The present status of turbidity measurements. Chem. Rev. 3:331.' BAYLIS, J.R. 1933. Turbidity determinations. Water Works Sewage 80:125. ROSE, H.E. & H.B. LLOYD. 1946. On thl meas- urement of the size characteristics of powders by photo - extinction methods. J. Soc Chem. 1 Ind. (London) 65:52 (Feb.); 65:55 (Mar.). �t: ROSE, H.E. & C.C.J. FRENCH. 1948. On the ex- tinction coefficient: Particle size relationship for fine mineral powders. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. (London) 67:283. GILLETT, T.R., P.F. MEADS & A.L. HOLVEN. 1949. Measuring color and turbidity of white sugar solutions. Anal. Chem. 21:1228. JULLANDER, I. 1949. A simple method for the measurement of turbidity. Acta Chem. Scand. 3:1309. ROSE, H.E. 1950. Powder -size measurement by a combination of the methods of nephelometry and photo - extinction. J. Soe Chem. Ind. (London) 69:266. ROSE, H.E. 1950. The design and use of photoex- tinction sedimentometers. Engineering 169:350, 405. BRICE, B.A., M. HALWER & R. SPEISER. 1950. Photoelectric light - scattering photometer for determining high molecular weights. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 40:768. KNIGHT, A.G. 1950. The measurement of turbid- ity in water. J. Inst. Water Eng. 4:449. HANYA, T. 1950. Study of suspended matter in water. Bull. Chem. Sons Jap. 23:216. JULLANDER, 1. 1950. Turbidimetric investigations on viscose. Svensk Papperstidn. 22:1. ROSE, H.E. 1951. A reproducible standard for the calibration of turbidimeters. J. InsL Water Eng. 5:310. AITKEN, R.W. & D. MERCER. 1951. Comment on "The measurement of turbidity in water." J. inst. Water Eng 5:328. ROSE, H.E. 1951. The analysis of water by the assessment of turbidity. J. Ins,. Water Eng. 5:521. e KNIGHT, A.G. 1951. The measurement of turbid - ity in water: A reply. J. Inst. Water Eng. 5:633. STAATs, F.C. 1952. Measurement of color, tur- s bidity, hardness and silica in industrial Rep. waters. Preprint 156, American Soc. Testing & Materials, Philadelphia, Pa r 2 -16 PHYSICAL & AGGREGATE PROPERTIES (2000) PALIN, A.T. 1955. Photometric determination V the colour and turbidity of water. Water Water Eng. 59:341. SLOAN, C.K. 1955. Angular dependence light scat- tering studies of the aging of precipitates. 1. - Phys Chem. 59:834. CONLEY, W.R. & R.W. PITMAN. 1957. Micro - photometer turbidity analysis. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc 49:63. PACKHAM, R.F. 1962. The preparation of turbid- ity standards. Prom Soc. Water Treat Exam. 11:64. BAALSRUD, K. & A. HENRIKSEN. 1964. Meas- urement of suspended matter in stream water. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 56:1194. HOATHER, R.C. 1964. Comparison of different methods for measurement of turbidity. Prom Soc. Water Treat Exam. 13:89. EDEN, G.E. 1965. The measurement of turbidity, in water. A progress report on the work of the analytical panel. Prot Sac. Water Treat. Exam. 14:27. BLACK, A.P. & S.A. HANNAH. 1965. Measure- ment of low turbidities. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 57:901. HANNAH, S.A., J.M. COHEN & G.G. RoBECK. �1. 1. Discussion 2150 1967. Control techniques for coagulation-fil- tration. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc 59:1149. REBHUN, M. & H.S. SPERBER. 1967. Optical prop- erties of diluted clay suspensions. 1. Colloid Interface Sci. 24:131. DANIELS, S.L. 1969. The utility of optical param- eters in evaluation of processes of flocculation and sedimentation. Chem. Eng. Pmgr. Symp. Sera No. 97, 65:171. LIVESEY, P.J. & F kW. BILLMEYER, JR. 1969. Par- ticle -size determination by low - angle light scattering:'new instrumentation and a rapid method of interpreting data. J. Colloid Inter- face Sci. 30:447. i; OsTENDORF, R.G. & J.F. BYRD. 1969: Modern monitoring of a treated industrial, effluent. J. Water Pollut Control Fed 41:89. EICHNER, D.W. & C.C. HACH. 1971. How clear is clear water? Water Sewage Works 118:299. HACH, C.C. 1972. Understanding turbidity meas- urement. Ind. Water Eng. 9(2):18. Simms, R.J. 1972. Industrial turbidity measure - ment. ISA (Instrum. Soc. Amer.) Trans 11(2):146. TALLEY, D.G., J.A. JOHNSON & J.E. PILZER. 1972. Continuous turbidity monitoring. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 64:184. 2150 A. Introduction Odor, like taste, depends on contact of a stimulating substance with the appropri- ate human receptor cell. The stimuli are chemical in nature and the term "chemical senses" often is applied to odor and taste. Water is a neutral medium, always present on or at the membranes that perceive sen- sory response. In its pure form, water can- not produce odor or taste sensations. No satisfactory theory of olfaction ,ever has been devised, although many have been for- •Approved by Standard Methods Committee, 1985. mulated. Man and animals can avoid many potentially toxic foods and waters because of adverse sensory response. Without this form of primitive sensory protection many species would not have survived. Today, these same senses often provide the first warning of potential hazards in the envi- ronment. Odor is recognized' as a quality factor affecting acceptability of drinking water (and foods prepared with it), tainting of fish and other aquatic organisms, and es- thetics of recreational waters. Most organic and some inorganic chemicals contribute taste or odor. These chemicals may origi- i' 01 na di_ de ,was cc se St IT � tI Fecal Coliform Procedure \ 9 -94 r (`1 r � 1 -= MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION (9000) aC_6 wGzslor') (AP14A,1-�gS) 9o9C - APHA,t98'), 9222 D. Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter Procedure Fecal coliform bacterial densities may be determined either by the multiple -tube pro - cedure or by a membrane filter (MF) tech - nique. If the MF procedure is used for chlorinated effluents, demonstrate that it gives comparable information to that ob- tainable by the multiple -tube test before i accepting it as an alternative. The MF pro- cedure uses an enriched lactose medium and incubation temperature of 44.5 ± 0.2 °C for selectivity and gives 93% accu- racy in differentiating between coliforms found in the feces of warm - blooded animals and those from other environmental i sources. Because incubation temperature is critical, submerge waterproofed (plastic bag enclosures) MF cultures in a water 4 bath for incubation at the elevated tem- perature or use an appropriate, accurate solid heat sink incubator. Areas of appli- cation for this method are stated in the introduction to the multiple -tube fecal col- iform procedures, Section 9221C. 1. Materials and Culture Medium a M -FC medium: The need for uni- formity dictates the use of dehydrated me- dia. Never prepare media from basic ingredients when suitable dehydrated me- dia are available. Follow manufacturer's di- rections for rehydration. Commercially prepared media in liquid form (sterile am- pule or other) also may be used if known to give equivalent results. See Section 9020 for quality control specifications. M -FC medium: Tryptose or biosate ....... 10.0 g Proteose peptone No. 3 or polypeptone ........... 5.0 g Yeast extract ............ 3.0 g Sodium chloride, NaCl .... 5.0 g Lactose ................. 12.5 g Bile salts No. 3 or bile salts mixture ............... 1.5 g Aniline blue ............. 0.1 g Distilled water ........... 1 L Rehydrate in distilled water containing 10 mL 1% rosolic acid in 0.2N NaOH.* Heat to near boiling, promptly remove from heat, and cool to below 50 °C. Do not sterilize by autoclaving. Dispense 5� to, 7- mLiquantities to 50- X 12 -mm petri plates anddet solidify if agar is used. Final pH should be,7..4. Store finished medium at 2 to 10'C and discard unused medium after 2 weeks. Test each medium lot for satisfactory productivity by preparing dilutions of a culture of Escherichia coli (Section 9020) and filtering appropriate volumes to give 20 to 80 colonies per filter. With each new lot of medium verify 10 or more colonies obtained from several natural samples, to establish the absence of false positives. For most samples M -FC medium may be used without the 1% rosolic acid addition, pro- vided there is no interference with back - ground growth. Such interference may be expected in stormwater samples collected during the first runoff (initial flushing) after a long dry period. b. Culture dishes: Use tight- fitting plas- tic dishes because the MF cultures are sub - merged in a water bath during incubation. Enclose groups of fecal coliform cultures in plastic bags or seal individual dishes with waterproof (freezer) tape to prevent leak- age during submersion. Specifications for plastic culture dishes are given in Section 9222B.1e above. c. Incubator: The specificity of the fecal coliform test is related directly to the in- cubation temperature. Static air incubation is undesirable because of potential heat lay- ering within the chamber and the slow re- covery of temperature each time the incubator is opened during daily opera- tions. To meet the need for greater tem- •Rosolic acid reagent will decompose it sterilized by au- toclaving. Store stock solution in the dark at 2 to lo'C and discard after 2 weeks or sooner it its color changes from dark red to muddy brown. V. .. 9 -96 . MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION (9000) 1 MEMBR. 3. Calculation of Fecal Coliform Density Compute the density from the sample quantities that produced MF counts within the desired range of 20 to 60 fecal coliform colonies. This colony density range is more restrictive than the 20 to 80 total coliform range because of larger colony size on M- FC medium. Calculate fecal coliform den- sity as directed in Section 9222B.6 above. Record densities as fecal coliforms per 100 mL. 4. Bibliography GELDREICH, E.E., H.F. CLARK, C.B. HUFF & L.C. BEST. 1965. Fecal- coliform- organism medium for the membrane filter technique. 1. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 57:208. ROSE, R.D., E.E. GELDREICH & W. LITSKY. 1975. Improved membrane filter method for fecal coliform analysis. AppL Microbial. 29:532. LtN, S.D. 1976. Membrane filter method for re- covery of fecal coliforms in chlorinated sew- age effluents. AppL Environ. Microbial. 32:547. PRESSwOOD, W.G. & D.K. STRONG. 1978. Mod- ification of M -FC medium by eliminating ro- 'solic acid. AppL Environ. MicrobioL 36:90. GREEN, B.L., W. LiTSKY & K.J. SLADEK. 1980. Evaluation of membrane filter methods for enumerationofl'aecal coliforms from marine waters. Mar. Environ. Res 67:267. SARTORY, D.P. 1980. Membrane filtration faecal coliform determinations witH unmodified and modified M -FC medium. Water SA 6:113. GRAaow, W.O.K., C.A. HILNER, C.A. & P. COUBROUGH. 1981. Evaluation of standard and modified M -FC, MacConkey, and Teepol media for membrane filter counting of fecal coliform in water. AppL Environ. Microbial. 42:192. RYCHERT, R.C. & G.R. STEPHENSON. 1981 Atypical Escherichic coli in streams. Appl. En- virom Microbiol. 41.1276. PAGEL, J.E., A.A. QURESxt, D.M. YOUNG & L.T. VLASSOFF. 1982. Comparison of four mem- brane filter methods for fecal coliform enu- meradon. AppL Envirom Microbiol. 43:787. 9222 E. Delayed- Incubation Fecal Coliform Procedure This delayed- incubation procedure is comparable to the delayed - incubation total coliform procedure (Section 9222C). It eliminates the need for a field water bath incubator and frees the field investigator from the time - consuming task of counting colonies. Examination at a central labo- ratory, rather than in the field, permits colony confirmation and complete bio- chemical identification of the organisms, as necessary. Results obtained by this delayed method have been consistent with results from the immediate standard test under various lab- oratory and field use conditions. However, determine test applicability for a specific water source by comparison with the stand - ard membrane filter test, especially for sa- line waters, chlorinated wastewaters, and waters containing toxic substances. Use the delayed incubation test only when the standard immediate fecal coliform test can- not be performed. To conduct the delayed- incubation test filter sample in the field immediately after collection, place filter on M -VFC holding medium (see ¶ 2a below), and ship to the laboratory. Complete fecal coliform test by transferring filter to M -FC medium, in- cubating at 44.5'C for 24 ± 2 h, and count- ing fecal coliform colonies. The M -VFC medium keeps fecal coli- form organisms viable but prevents visible growth during transit. Membrane filters can be held for up to 3 d on M -VFC holding medium with little effect on the fecal col- iform counts. 1. Apparatus a. Culture dishes See Section 9222C. la for specifications. b. F. 9222C. 2. Li ai a. A, This dehydr { ration r' Casit SodiL Sulfa Etha: Disti Her filtrat diam, prepa aquec 0.02 Stc disca. b. in Se, 3. Pr a. abso dish diurr, bran it 0� tight how K forr soci sup ma tior dus poF t IDMAI Y Monitoring Plan Shaw Easement and Jakeway Creek The following monitoring design is recommended for the Shaw easement area. Sampling stations are designated on the attached map. In order to attempt to segregate the various components of nonpoint loading of Donovan Creek and Jakeway Creek the following sequence of events needs to take place. 1. Monitor "as is" conditions to account for any improvements in easement area that may have occurred as a result of cattle exclusion and to account for any degradation in the Jakeway Creek area. 2. Implement approved farm plan in the Jakeway Creek area. } 3. Monitor to account for improvements that area result of best management practices. 4. Allow cattle access to the easement area during the months of July, August and September, 5. Monitor to account for the combined conditions of the best management practices along Jakeway Creek and cattle access in the easement area. Ideally each of the monitoring events would occur in consecutive years. This would enable us to attempt to isolate each of the conditions we are monitoring for and in an effort to quantify these conditions sampling could occur several times during the wet season (November - February) and dry season (August - September). Following this time line, the first series of monitoring events would occur during the fall of 1990 and winter of 1991. The approved farm plan would be implemented during the spring of 1991. The second session of monitoring events would take place in the fall of 1991 and winter of 1992, Cattle would then be allowed access to the easement during the late summer /early fall of 1992. The third session of monitoring events would take place during the fall of 1992 and winter of 1993. L z o 1D U) ��yuJ Vm t � r r m a� U) v C - *. nN ON > U F �dvl� z Jd^ cn cn cn a ul N E z H a o � cn r v Q .0 ..1 U.. FECAL COLIFORM SAMPLING ON THE LOWER PORTION OF CEMETERY DRAIN Sample Date: January 16, 1990 Precipitation for 1/15 - 1/16: 0.06" Total Fecal Location Coliform /100 ml top (upstream property boundary) 2940 middle 4460 bottom (downstream property boundary) 3740 Sampt,e Date: January 24, 1990 Precipitation for 1/24 -1/25: 0.34" Total Fecal LQcatj on d0 rm /100 r I top (upstream property boundary) 13 middle 6400 bottom (downstream property boundary) 3100 Sample Date: January 30, 1990 Precipitation for 1/28 -1/29: 1.73 "; 1/29 -1/30: 0.93" Total Fecal Location _._ C o l i f o r m/ 100 ml top (upstream property boundary) 25 middle 160 bottom (downstream property boundary) 100 bay* (midway between downstream property boundary and Quilcene Bay) 78 Sample Date: February 20, 1990 Precipitation for 2/19 -2/20: 0.40" Total Fecal Location Co 1 i f orm /100 -ml top (upstream property boundary) 40 middle 63 bottom (downstream property boundary) 46' bay-k (midway between downstream property boundary and Quilcene Bay) 39 Precipitation figures are from the U.S. Forest Service Quilcene Ranger Station. *These samples were a-q� taken from salt water. . Y Date HABITAT UNIT SURVEY 1 Stream name WRIA # not listed Valley Segment (circle one) W V H U F (circle one) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Turning Point * (upstream) Turning Point's (downstream) Surveyors units: feet /meters HABITAT UNIT 1 2 4 6 7 8 M = measured E = estimated Dischar e Len gth I ; . Unit Category: 1, 2 or As:hitst Tuna- Cascade rapid step-pool cascade slip-face cascad Riffles pocketvater glide run low gradient riffle Pools dammed Pools eddy pool plunge pool scour pool scour hole Secondary Channel Viffin Cuhatr'ta MFFlw Tlnita flnivl 1 . dnminssnt 2 . CuMnMinant L bedrock 2. silt 3.sand 4. pea gravel (s 1.0 ") 5. gravel (1-3") 6. sm. cobble ( -6'' ) 7. md. cobble (6 -9 ") g. 1g. cobble (9-12") 9. sm. boulder (12-24") 10. 1 . boulder(�24 ") Data HABITAT UNIT SURVEY a Stream name WRIA not listed Valley Segment (circle one) W V H U F (circle one) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Turning Point* (upstream) Turning Point's (downstream) Surveyors units: feet /meters HABITAT UNIT 1 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 Riffle Emheddedness (mee_sured units nnly) flhstrurtinns 1. to (s) 2. woody debris "am . standing tree 4,boulder(s) .bedrock 6. bend 7. bedform 8. other * ** *(explain in comment section) -N Los small ( 8 - 19 "D) large O- 20 "D Root Wads (count) Wnndv Dnhrie T nr9tinna A. not in wetted area B. partially within unit C. completely within unit D. bridged Snral Ct' na l-R - lait hanl• RR - right hanlr 1. clear cut 2. grass / forb . shrub-/ seedling 4. sm. tree ( 8 -21 ") . 1 . tree ( 21-32") 6. mature / old growth (> 32") Canopy Cover Ve etative Type deciduous coniferous mixed . Datc HABITAT UNIT SURVEY 3 Stream name WRIA # not listed Valley Segment (circle one) W V H U F (circle one) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Turning Point's (upstream) Turning Point It (downstream) Surveyors units: feet /meters HABITAT UNIT 1 2 3 1 4 5 1 6 7 8 Land ifte LR . loft hank RR . riaht hank 1. Agriculture 2. Livestock grazing-fenced . Livestock - unfenced ' 4. Timber 5. Residential- scattered + 6. Residential- continuous 7. Right of Way (road/h ) S. Mining 9. Ri arian Zone M mt ` 10. Wetland 11. Industrial /Commercial 12. Park or golf course 13. Other (* put in comments) ndnr LR . loft hank RR . riaht hank 1. Animal waste or manur&k 2. Septic or human waste 3. Decaying lant matter 4. Sulfuric 5. Petroleum 6. Other (note in Comments) Tr2-4h (in nr adiarPnt to ctrpnm) LR. laft hank RR. riaht hank 1. litter (cans bottles etc.) 2. yard debris 3. logging or land clearing debris 4, tires, cars appliances 5. dead/decaying dead/decaying animals or fish 6. Other (note in Comments) Uerant Tmnmrta f_R_ loft hank RR_ riaht hgnfr 1. Clearing/Grading (stream zone) 2. Clearing/Grading (watershed) 3. Landscaping 4. Other construction activity 5. Farm animal access 6. Flooding 7. Direct Discharges 9. Beaver dam 10, Artificial Bank Protection ` 11. Other (note in Comments) Date HABITAT UNIT SURVEY 4 Stream name WRIA # not listed Valley Segment (circle one) W V H U F (circle one) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Turning Point x (upstream) Turning Point'? (downstream) Surveyors units: feet /meters HABITAT UNIT 1 2 3 1 4 5 1 6 7 8 Effects of 1mnatcis I.R. left hanir RR. riaht hank 1. None 2. Channel /bank erosion . Sediment deposition 4. Polluted. 5. Fish passage barrier 6. Mass wastin 7, Streambank Cutting 8. Algal mats omments) 9, Other (note in C Direct Discharites 1.R . latt hang RR . riaht hank 1. None 2. Tributaries 3. Culvert 4. Pipe 5. Ditch 6. Seeps/Springs 7. Grass lined Swale 8. Other (note in Comments) Comments VALLEY SEGMEHI SUMMARY Stream Name Date W.RIA number not listed Valley Segment Type W V H U F 123456789 Stream Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Surveyors / Affiliations Lower Boundary Location (Beginning, at downstream end) + ± Township Range Section 1/4 of 1/4_ Elevation (feet / meters) Photographs: Roll # frames to Turning Point's Upper Boundary Location (End, at upstream end) Township Range Section 1/4 of 1/4 Elevation (feet / meters) Photographs; Roll # frames to Description of Access and Reference to Turning Points I . HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY Stream Name Date W.RIA number not listed Valley Segment Type W V H U F - 123456789 Stream Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Surveyors / Affiliations Units: feet/ meters (circle one) , Discharge measured / unmeasured (circle one) INUM"r,"WOMM M�jj Dittance begin I end Bankfull width I depth I®®®®®MM- -®-MI I- ®® ®._®M®® ®-f IMMMMM®MMsM®- IMMMMM®®®M -®M IMMMMM®MMMMM -i I®®M®®®®®®®MMI IMMMMM®- ®®®M®i I®®®®M®- ®®®M®� I®®M®MM®®M®®® I®®®MM® -MM®®® IMMMME t ' : ui-� u * *M = magnetic, T = true. WATERSHED FARM SURVEY FORM 1. Watershed: 2. Date: 3. Type of Survey: (check appropriate answer) interview windshield Survey 4. Location (Township, Range, Section): 5. Precipitation (25 -yr, 24 -hr event) 6.Owner /Operator Owner /Operator Name: Address: Phone Number: 7. Farm Size (acres): TOTAL 8. Farm type: in pasture in cropland in woodland existing wetland other: How are the products from this property used? (check appropriate answer) commercial sale Private sale _personal use 9. Livestock: (provide numbers) dairy:( cows, - beef horses swine sheep - llamas _poultry, type: other (identify) replacement heifers, other) Do you pasture your livestock? (check appropriate answer) des no Do livestock graze: (check appropriate answer) seasonal ?; during what months? _year round? Length of confinement (days /months per year) What is the source of livestock water? (check those that apply) stream /creek lake wetland gravity fed trough groundwater /well & trough Public /private utility other: 10. Crops: What crops do you produce? (check those that apply) vegetables fruit — `berries hay _pasture Christmas trees timber other (Identify) Do you irrigate? (check appropriate answer) _ —yes no Source of irrigation water? (check appropriate answer) stream /creek —lake /pond groundwater /well other: . VISUAL INSPECTION (check answers that apply) i [8.Livestock] Pasture condition: (estimate, very subjective) excellent pod fair poor Confinement areas roofed? Yes no Roof drainage system? ___-_'es no Manure storage provided for? _des; dry stack lagoon covered uncovered y long term (4 -6 months) short term no [10. Water] Condition of riparian corridor? well vegetated with trees & shrubs well vegetated with grass somewhat vegetated - trees & shrubs somewhat vegetated - grass some trampling by livestock (no visible trails) extensively trampled by livestock some evidence of manure heavy manure concentrations -bare banks heavily eroded or cut banks fenced Average width of buffer strips? 1 -5 feet 6 -10 feet ' 10 -20 feet 20+ feet 30+ feet 40+ feet 50+ feet 32, LU ZS .�O LL8> U " =a F o ao cc K� z� 0 U -_ Q N .i 5 g d r4 V Iva Its A 84 11 Fa 0 �� $� ..�ts� 1,41 �p eJ is N l9 ♦ BEE] ♦ {9 Y 0 N N W � a a a o� El El o o� ao❑ ❑� o ©oo 0 0❑ oaao W II! LU TTT aoaa E $ �o II z > N _ U z 1i4 d e d 19 fill 2 �j � �g 3 o w >S s � s Gp `y y 0% w 8 v Fz y x I -g 5 1 'b-5 '5 po < F I o� Fit r6- ; 2 H�� E as a 0 .2 O o ° t E 0o a oa m L 00 z m y oao C W C rrz > U 4ba c tai � LU �mvr.p �a jd o � C 000a W C O 0 m W N 2 LLI uj i g �I 0 s �a W 3 W_ ie m aQ � N CL N r �Q a 0 �i 4 �i O U 3 32 W �a m C7 U _ o to � U � � d O e ooaaaao �aQ W C O 0 m W N 2 LLI uj i g �I 0 s �a W 3 W_ ie m aQ � N CL N C-D » =C d :.3 ;pii r �Q a 0 �i 4 �i O U 3 • �a m C7 U _ o to � U � � d O e .c �aQ � � �t 3 El 0 O V � c 0 q L U Q V 2 �p p W a 0 s fa c z d a � H W i � F W � C-D » =C d :.3 ;pii la �Q 0 )0 4 �i O U • m C7 U _ o to � U � � d O e 0 � � n U 0 O V � c q C-D » =C d :.3 ;pii la �Q )0 4 �i O U m C7 U _ o to � U � � d O e C-D » =C d :.3 ;pii N JRrrCRSON COUNTY COURTHOUSE Dear Property Owner, JEFFERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND BUILDING DEPARTMENT WATER QUALITY PROGRAM P.O. Box 1220 Port Townsend, Washington 98368 (206) 385 -9149 David Goldsmith, Director August 17,1990 The Jefferson County Water Quality Program is currently conducting a stpeamisurveys jest to survey the streams in various watersheds within the County. are. part of the Watershed Action Plan process a goals of this project r Department iogy through the Centennial Clean Water Fund. T g urces. In 1. The County needs a comprehensive approach to protect qaquatic res resources re order to do this, the County needs reliable information s out there as well as the condition of these resources. The information collected on these surveys will be included on base maps and a database system. 2. Programs are available through the County Water Quality suveys will allow the - property owners in improving water quality. S . County to guide the property owner to the appropriate assistance program. 3, Public education and awareness regarding water quality issues and the importance of a healthy stream corridor is a very important part of this project. Volunteers are encouraged to assist in these stream surveys. Enclosed is a copy of the survey form. As you can see, the focus of the form is on all aspects of ahealthy stream corridor. The County plans to begin surveying the Little Quilcene River the week of September 7th through the 14th. Our records indicate that you own'. property along the Little articipate Quilcene River. If you have any questions, concerns t te Water Qulal ty Program Offi e.tOr ' stream surveys, please contact Debra Bouchard mail the enclosed Request Form back to me and I will contact you. Sincerely, Debra Bouchard Water Quality Specialist t •i enc. ' JEFFERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND BUILDING DEPARTMENT WATER QUALITY PROGRAM P.O. Box 1220 Portlbwnsend, Washington 98368 pt -9149 (206) 386 -J149 JEFFERSON COUNTY COURTIIOUSE David Goldsmith, Director September 6, 1990 Dear Property owner, A week or so ago I sent you a letter announcing the Water Quality. Program's special ; and project .to survey " the streams in various watersheds '�'1� begin with Little summarizing the goals of the project. At that time I had hoped g leased Quilcene River during the week of September 7th through the 14th. I am very p with the number of responses I have received from property owners along the Little , Quilcene River and it's tributaries supporting the project and I am excited by the number of people who want to participate in these surveys. Unfortunately we ran into some unforeseen set backs and will not be starting this project until the week of 21st through the 28th. We will begin by surveying the mouth of the river and will work ourway upstream. Since this is anew program, we are unsure how fast we will be able to progress along _ the river. obviously we will not be reaching the areas further upstream for several weeks after the initial start of the survey. In order to give property owners a better estimate of our arrival in their area, I will be dividing the Little Quilcene into different sections and mailing out letters to (and /or phoning) property owners at least two weeks prior to our arrival in the section which their, property boarders. The first section will be from the mouth of the Little Quilcene River to where Leland Creek enters, If your property is anywhere along this section, consider this letter your written notification thatwe will begin the survey in that section the week of the 21st through the 28th of September. It was brought to my attention that some of your neighbors did not receive our initial letter. This was very helpful as it enabled us to correct an error t Warms not mailing list. I am sorry if you were one of those who was missed., intentional. If you know of anyone who should have been notified his an let me know. With your support (and participation in some cases) we can make t educational and fun experience for everyone involved.. s concerns or would like to participate in the uh have any , Again, if you Y q . - - stream surveys, please contact Debra Bouchard at the Water Quality Program office. Or Those of �r' contact you. Y d Request Form back to me and I ill Y ;. ., vho maul the enclose q have already sent in the form (or called), I have your name on file and will be a contacting you as we approach your section. ' S'ncerely. Debra Bouchard Water Quality Specialist • enc. a _ JEFFERSON COUNTY ' PLANNING AND BUILDING DEPARTMENT M. ��. . � , , -- • •,,�,;,• �� ,' ��..,, WATER QUALITY PROGRAM rlr� �• rf�` aJ�j! P.O. Box 1220 h , a - r •. t "�' Port lbwnsend, Washington 98368 (206) 385 -9149 JRrrRRSON COUNTY COURTHOUSE David Goldsmith, Director October 1, 1990 Dear Property Owner, Once again I am writing to you with regrets that we are not able to start the stream surveys program on the schedule I had originally hoped we would. My last correspondence with you stated that we were to start surveying at the mouth of the Little Quilceno River around the 21st of September. The Little Quilcene is still the ^ intended starting point for these surveys. However, we are required by our contract with the Department of Ecology to have their approval on . our work plan prior to beginning any surveys. - As soon as we hear back from them on our plan I will contact the property owners in the lower section of the Little Quilcene and we can then begin our surveys. Thank you for your patience on this matter. I look forward to working with those of you who expressed interestin getting yourfeetwetwith us. 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