HomeMy WebLinkAbout2002 Patterns of Summer Stream Temperature Maxima 1992-2001Patterns of summer stream temperature maxima
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in north Hood Canal, Washington
1992 -2001
May 10, 2002
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Basic Data Report 02
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Ted Labbe Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribes
Peter Bahls, Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe
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Carol Bernthal, Point No Point Treaty Council3
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1 Natural Resources Department, 31912 Little Boston Rd, Kingston, WA 98346; tlabbe@pgst.nsn.us
2 Present address: Northwest Watershed Institute, 2215 SE 55h Ave., Portland, OR 97215
3 Present address: NOAA, Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, 138 W 1" Street, Port Angeles, WA
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Introduction and Background
The land and waters of north Hood Canal and western Admiralty Inlet constitute the
primary management area of the Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe as set forth under the
Point No Point Treaty Council revised Fisheries Management Compact (1999). The
health of area rivers and streams is of primary interest to the Tribe, due to their role as
nursery habitat for salmon, and as contributing waters to commercially and culturally
significant shellfish tidelands. As a primary driver of aquatic ecosystems, water
temperature has direct and indirect effects on the health and productivity of native biota,
influencing species distribution, migration timing, food resources, growth, competition,
predator -prey interactions, disease vulnerability, and other important biological
processes.
The decline of regional fish populations has been linked to elevated water temperatures
resulting from surface and groundwater extraction, channel simplification, and the
clearing of native riparian vegetation (Beschta et al. 1986, Lichatowich 1993, Bahls and
Rubin 1996, Gregory and Bisson 1997, Bahls 1998). Lying in the rain shadow of the
Olympic mountains, streams of east Jefferson and northwest Kitsap counties are naturally
flow limited (Amerman and Osborn 1987), rendering them highly vulnerable to impacts
from water withdrawal and poor land use practices ( Lichatowich 1993). Ambient stream
temperature data is important to the identification and restoration of water quality- limited
streams, while long -term records provide information on trends and the
frequency /severity of extreme events such as droughts. Simple charts of stream
temperature through time can provide resource managers with a valuable understanding
of physical factors important to aquatic biota during the summer drought period; when
combined with other data (e.g. flow) more complex analyses are supported.
Bahls (1993) summarized one year of maximum temperature monitoring in north Hood
Canal and western Admiralty Inlet area streams, Bahls (1998) summarized these data for
1992 -1994. Bahls and Rubin (1996) reported on continuous stream temperature
monitoring at 22 stations in Chimacum Creek in 1995 and related this data to other
habitat and fish population information; this more spatially intensive 1995 data for
Chimacum Creek is not included in this report. Since that time, the Port Gamble
S'Klallam Tribe and others have continued to monitor water temperatures at select
stations, but these data have not been reported or readily available. The purpose of this
report is to:
1. provide a concise summary of water quality data collected over the period 1992-
2001,
2. consider this information in relation to current and new proposed state water
quality standards, and
3. make recommendations for further temperature monitoring and analysis.
Maximum stream temperatures were monitored at 1 -2 week intervals during summers
1992 -94 to provide a coarse characterization of temperature regimes across a broad
network of sites. During 1996 -2000 continuous temperature data loggers were employed
in three water quality- limited watersheds. In 2001, a drought year, we re- occupied our
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original network of monitoring sites with continuous temperature data loggers, and
expanded our coverage to include additional sites. Compiled maximum temperature data
for 1992 -2001 is first evaluated against the current state water quality standards, which
are based on annual instantaneous maximum thresholds. Next, more recent data from
continuous temperature probes is evaluated against both current and new proposed
standards, which are based on more complex summary metrics.
In the State of Washington, the Department of Ecology (WDOE) prescribes water quality
criteria that are used for the identification and targeted cleanup of water quality limited
water bodies; if a stream, lake, or other water body violates a particular standard (e.g.
temperature, fecal coliform, arsenic) it is listed on the federal Clean Water Act's 303 -(d)
list of impaired water bodies and prioritized for remedial cleanup /restoration actions.
Under current water quality standards, the maximum allowable temperature in a stream
or lake depends on the water quality classification specific to that waterbody. Most
streams in north Hood Canal are classified as AA with a maximum allowable water
temperature of 16 °C; however, Gamble Bay tributaries are classed as A with a standard
of 18 °C (Chapter 173 -201A WAC). These standards represent the annual instantaneous
maximum temperature (AIMT) allowable; that is, if water temperature exceeds the
appropriate temperature threshold one or more times during a year, the stream is in
violation of water quality standards.
Recently, WDOE has proposed new temperature standards emphasizing different metrics
to determine if a water body violates water quality standards (Hicks 2001). For salmon
and trout rearing streams during the period June 1- September 15, WDOE has proposed
that the highest allowable 7 -day average of the daily maximum temperature (7- DADMT)
be set at 17°C, the highest allowable 21 -day average of the daily average temperature
(21 -DADT) be set at 14 °C, and the annual instantaneous maximum threshold (AIMT) be
raised to 22 °C. While it is still unclear if WDOE will formally adopt one, two, or all
three thresholds, it is anticipated that the new standard(s) when adopted will not vary
significantly from what is currently proposed (Dave Peeler, WDOE, personal
communication, February 12, 2002). For the purposes of this report, we evaluated our
temperature data against all three of the new proposed standards in addition to current
standards to better understand the implications of changing water quality criteria on the
303(d) listing status of area streams.
Methods
During the late summer -early fall low flow periods of 1992 -94, Taylor maximum-
minimum thermometers (Taylor Precision Products, La Cruces, NM) were deployed at 29
sites located in 18 discrete stream systems of north Hood Canal and western Admiralty
Inlet (Table 1). Maximum stream temperatures were monitored over the following
periods: August 4- October 2, 1992; July 12- September 28, 1993; and June 30- September
29, 1994. Before and after thermometer deployment, accuracy was verified by probe
immersion in constant temperature water baths and readings compared to a laboratory
reference thermometer. Thermometers were placed at the bottom of a pool, attached to a
rock or stick using rubber strapping, and checked at intervals of 7 -14 days. Though
duration of the monitoring periods varied by year, their timing generally coincided with
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the period of maximum stream temperatures observed regionally. Monitoring stations
were located in principal salmon streams of north Hood Canal near road crossings to
facilitate ease of access.
During 1996 -2001, continuous temperature data loggers (Hobo Temps and StowAway
TidBit Temps, Onset Corporation, Pocasset, MA) were deployed at select stations over
periods of varying duration in late summer (see Fig. 1 and Table 1 for station locations
and monitoring periods). Similarly, temperature probes were placed at the bottom of
large, well -mixed pools, attached to rebar stakes or embedded tree roots using plastic
lock -ties. Where available, well- shaded locations were selected to avoid probe exposure
to direct sunlight. Prior to each summer monitoring period, temperature data loggers
were calibrated following procedures outlined in Schuett-Hamel et al. (1999). Minimum
calibration procedures included immersion of temperature probes in a constant
temperature bath and comparison of probe temperature measurements against a
laboratory reference thermometer (Model 1003BLS, Ever Ready Thermometer Co., West
Paterson, NJ). Calibration checks generally confirmed that temperature data logger
measurements were within the required range of +/ -0.2 °C as compared to laboratory
reference thermometers.
During 1996 -2000, temperature monitoring focused on three temperature- limited
watersheds: Chimacum, Gamble, and Big Beef creeks. We have included temperature
data graciously provided by Jefferson County Conservation District for Chimacum Creek
from 1998 -2001 at three stations that match ours in earlier years ( Chimacum- Lower,
Chimacum -Main, and EF Chimacum) to provide more information on temperature
conditions across years in this important stream. During 2001, we re- occupied our
original network of stations and added sites in additional salmon spawning and rearing
reaches of north Hood Canal. In larger streams and rivers, multiple monitoring locations
provided information on the spatial variation of temperature regimes and helped
characterize longitudinal thermal patterns.
In a few instances, monitoring stations were relocated in later years due to habitat
changes, landowner access denial, or to ensure sites were representative; however,
comparable new sites were generally selected within 100m of former sites to enable
characterizing general patterns across years (see Table 1 for site location details). After
the initial 1992 -1994 annual maximum temperature characterization, two station
locations were changed significantly; the Miller Lake /Martha John station was relocated
approximately 800m downstream (away from a large wetland complex with atypically
warm summer temperatures), and the Little Anderson station was relocated
approximately 200m downstream (due to channel aggradation and lack of deep pool
habitat). As a result of these changes, we did not compare annual instantaneous
maximum temperatures for these two stations in 1992 -1994 to those obtained in later
years. Permanent monitoring stations were added at: Little Boston, Gamble - Upper, Big
Beef - Kidhaven, Stavis, Harding, Fulton, McDonald, Duckabush, Dosewallips (2), Rocky
Brook, Marple, Big Quilcene (3), Little Quilcene (1 additional), Howe, Ludlow, and
Naylors. Of the new sites Stavis, Duckabush, and Naylors have not yet been monitored;
monitoring at these stations will be initiated in 2002. Old sites that have not yet been re-
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occupied with continuous temperature data loggers, but that will be re- occupied in 2002
include Spring and Tarboo. Sites that were discontinued after 1994 include Seabeck -East
Trib, Spencer- Upper, and Thorndyke -West Trib. In the text and figures, "permanent"
sites represent those where future annual monitoring will continue, while the term
"supplemental" is used to refer to sites where less frequent or less intensive monitoring is
planned.
Results
During summers 1992 -1994 annual instantaneous maximum stream temperatures were
monitored at twenty -nine sites in eighteen independent stream systems across north Hood
Canal. Seventeen sites violated the current state water temperature standard of 16 °C (or
18°C for Gamble Bay tributaries) in I or more years. Seven sites (Miller Lk/Martha
John, Gamble- Lower, Big Beef -Below Lake, Donavan, Tarboo, Chimacum- Lower,
Chimacum -Main, and Chimacum - Upper) had severe water quality violations exceeding
their respective standard in 2 or 3 years by more than 2 °C.
Annual maximum temperatures monitored in subsequent years largely matched those
patterns observed during 1992 -1994, though additional stations provided more
information on the spatial extent of temperature exceedences. Figure 2 depicts annual
instantaneous stream temperature - maxima (average and range, for sites with >1 yr of
data) across all years for all permanent stations; see Table 1 for detailed information on
monitoring years and periods at a given station.
As a result of preliminary summer -time maximum temperature data, continuous
temperature monitoring during 1996 -2000 focused on three independent watersheds with
severe exceedence problems to better characterize the spatial and temporal extent of
temperature standard violations. Figures 3A -C depict the pattern of mean 7 -DADMT and
21 -DADT temperature metrics at stations in Chimacum, Gamble, and Big Beef
watersheds over the period 1996 -2001. Evaluated temperature metrics were remarkably
stable across years, within 1.9 °C of the site mean for all sites. Most notably, computed
metrics for 2001 (7 -DADMT and 21 -DADT) were not appreciably warmer than the mean
for all other years; in 2001, a drought year, most sites had temperatures that were within
1 °C of the mean for previous years. Moreover, in 2001 three sites (Big Beef -Below
Lake, Chimacum- Lower, and Chimacum -Main) possessed temperature metrics that were
1 -2 °C cooler than average, and at only one site (EF Chimacum) was the 7 -DADMT
metric substantially (e.g. >1 °C) warmer than average (18.7 °C in 2001 vs. 16.9 °C average
for 1996 and 1998- 2000). In the latter case, short-term elevated water temperatures may
have been associated with a channel re- meandering restoration project where riparian
plantings were not yet established to provide needed shade.
Across the wider network of sites that were re- occupied and monitored in 2001, patterns
of summer temperature extremes generally matched those found during the earlier 1992 -
1994 period (Fig. 2). Big Beef, Donavan, and Chimacum exhibited chronic, severe
temperature regimes in excess of prescribed temperature standards and in range of levels
considered lethal for salmon (Bjornn and Reiser 1991). Gamble and Tarboo creeks, as
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well as Little Quilcene River (including their tributaries) exhibited moderate stream
temperature violations of 1 -3 °C above their respective threshold standards.
When evaluated in relation to new, proposed water temperature standards, the pattern of
stream temperature degradation appears similar to that observed in relation to existing
standards (Fig 4). The 7 -day average daily maximum temperature (7- DADMT) standard
of 17 °C was violated at twelve of 40 sites monitored during 2001; five sites exceeded this
standard by more than 2 °C and at nine sites the period of violation lasted 10 days or
more. Similarly, thirteen sites violated the 21 -day average daily temperature (21 -DADT)
standard of 14 °C; four sites exceeded this standard by more than 2 0C and at nine sites the
period of violation lasted 30 days or more. Nine sites violated both standards: Gamble -
Lower, Big Beef-Kidhaven, Big Beef -Below Lake, Rocky Brook, Leland, Howe,
Donavan, Chimacum -Main, and EF Chimacum. Of these, the most severe violations
occurred at the Big Beef -Below Lake site where the highest observed 7 -DADMT was
24.7 °C, temperatures stayed above 17 °C for 85 days, and the 21 -DADT reached 20.8 °C.
At the Donavan and Chimacum -Main sites, water temperatures exceeded the 7- DADMT
standard for 57 and 69 days, respectively. Five sites (Big Beef - Lower, Fulton,
McDonald, Big Quilcene- Lower, Ripley, Chimacum - Upper, and Chimacum- Lower)
violated just one of the new proposed 7 -DADMT or 21 -DADT standards. Only three
sites (Miller Lk/Martha John (old), Big Beef -Below Lake, and Chimacum -Main) violated
the new AIMT threshold of 22 °C.
Discussion
Summer water temperatures are a significant limiting factor across the southernmost
ranges of Pacific salmon, especially in areas with low rainfall and human land use
impacts (Gregory and Bisson 1997). Though water temperatures are monitored at select
stations in major rivers across the region, much of this information lacks sufficient
resolution for evaluating patterns of temperature extremes throughout entire stream
networks at a scale that is meaningful for stream rearing juvenile salmonids. For
example, in north Hood Canal, WDOE maintains only seven water quality monitoring
stations at which spot (not continuous) measurements are taken. With the advent of low -
cost digital thermographs, this information is now more readily collected and analyzed.
We monitored water temperatures at 50 stations in 32 north Hood Canal tributary
streams, encompassing an area with marked gradients of rainfall, topographic relief, and
human land use impacts. Stream temperatures were monitored at the bottom of large,
well -mixed pools; thus, reported temperature metrics likely offer a conservative
representation of the environmental extremes experienced by salmonids in these stream
reaches. Twenty -eight (56 %) of the sites violated current water temperature standards in
one or more years, and nineteen (38 %) of the sites had serious violations where annual
temperature maxima exceeded current standards by more than 2 °C. Of those sites where
continuous temperature data was available for one or more years (43 sites), twenty -two
(51 %) violated one or more of the new proposed Washington State water temperature
standards. Comparing observed temperature maxima for these 43 sites against both
current and new proposed standards provides some indication of how the management
status of area streams is likely to change under new water temperature criteria (Table 2).
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Thirty-eight of the 43 sites showed no change in status when evaluated under both sets of
criteria; that is, most sites - whether in violation or in compliance with current
temperature criteria - retained their current management status under the new criteria.
Five sites changed status, with four moving into compliance and one moving into
violation under new criteria.
Table 2. Comparison of temperature standard violations for 43 stations in north Hood Canal under current
and new nronosed Washington bent of F.cologv criteria.
Management Status
Current Standard
AIMT?16 /18 0C
New Standards
AIMT>22 0C, OR
7- DADMT>17 °C, OR
21- DADT?l4 °C
Total Sites in Compliance
19
22
Total Sites in Violation
24
21
In violation by 0.1 -1.0 °C
3
6
In violation by >1.0 °C
21
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Continuous temperature monitoring data for the period 1996 -2000, as well as maximum
temperature data over the period 1992 -2000 indicated that stream temperatures in 2001,
though a drought year, were not appreciably warmer than average since monitoring began
in 1992. Though severe drought conditions prevailed across the region during summer
2001, a large, anomalous rain storm event on August 16 restored stream flows and
significantly cooled water temperatures at a critical period.
The most severe temperature standard violations were observed in Big Beef, Donavan,
and Chimacum creeks, while less severe, though frequent, exceedences were observed in
Gamble, Leland, Ripley, Howe, Tarboo, and EF Chimacum creeks. Notably,
temperatures from these streams violated both current and proposed WDOE water quality
standards; stations that substantially violated one standard most often also violated the
others. Another class of streams exhibited less severe /less frequent temperature standard
violations. These included Fulton, McDonald, Rocky Brook, EF Tarboo creeks, and the
Big and Little Quilcene rivers.
While temperature regimes at fixed stations along stream networks cannot fully portray
the range of conditions experienced by stream - rearing salmonids and other coldwater-
dependent biota, they can serve as helpful indicators of stream network -wide habitat
conditions. Descriptive habitat information on select stream reaches, where available,
provides a link between the observed elevated summer water temperatures, riparian forest
conditions, and other important factors like water use. Hatten and Conrad (1995) linked
data on elevated stream temperatures with loss of late seral stage forest in streams of the
western Olympic Peninsula, and determined that maximum stream temperatures in
managed basins violated the Washington State water temperature criterion of 16 1C ten
times more often, on average, than comparable unmanaged basins. Bahls (1993, 1998)
provided compelling data showing the relationship between annual instantaneous
maximum temperatures and percent canopy cover and adjacent land use, implicating
poorly- or under- regulated agriculture and residential development as major causes of
water quality degradation in this region.
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Other stream - specific riparian data from watershed analyses and miscellaneous field
studies offer additional insight. The Big Quilcene Watershed Analysis (USFS/WA DNR
1994) determined that riparian shade prescriptions were predominantly met in Spencer
and Penny creeks (0% and 18.5% of evaluated stream lengths classed as moderate -high
impact, respectively), degraded in Marple Creek (46 %), and severely degraded in the Big
Quilcene River (90.5 %). The West Kitsap Watershed Analysis (WA DNR 1995)
concluded that riparian shade conditions were moderate - highly degraded in all evaluated
stream systems: Big Anderson (70 %), Harding (34 %), Stavis (51 %), Seabeck (75 %), Big
Beef (74 %), and Little Anderson (54 %). Meanwhile, field data on stream canopy closure
indicates that riparian conditions are generally good in Thorndyke (92 %), Shine (96 %),
and Ripley (90 %) but degraded in Howe (73 %) and Chimacum (55 %) creeks (USFWS
1993, Bahls and Rubin 1996, Bernthal and Rot 2001)4. While the link between elevated
stream temperatures and degraded riparian forest conditions is strong in some cases, there
are clearly other important factors such as groundwater and water extraction for which
more data is sorely needed.
Recommendations
Continuous temperature data should continue to be monitored at our extensive network of
sites to provide long -term trend information. To ensure that the full period of summer
stream temperature extremes is documented, the monitoring period should be lengthened
to include the months of June - September. Where feasible, longitudinal thermal
"profiles" should be conducted to better delineate temperature- limited reaches, similar to
the intensive work performed by P. Bahls in Chimacum Creek during summer 1995
( Bahls and Rubin 1996). This could be accomplished by synchronous temperature
measurements along a stream by teams of trained volunteers similar to the effort being
led by the University of Washington Center for Urban Water Resources Management
(http:Hdepts.washington .edu/cssuw /Research/tempsurve ). Target streams for this
work include: Gamble (RM 0 -2.5), Big Beef (RM 0 -5.2), Donavan (RM 0 -1.0), and
Tarboo (RM 0 -2.5) creeks, as well as Little Quilcene River (RM 0 -5.5) and its principal
tributaries (Leland, Ripley, and Howe creeks).
Once new water temperature standards are formally adopted by Washington Department
of Ecology, available summer temperature data for north Hood Canal streams should be
reviewed to assess the CWA 303(d) listing status of all waterbodies. Ultimately, WDOE
is required to develop Total Maximum Daily Load estimates to determine acceptable
temperature loadings for all contributing land uses in temperature- impaired streams. In
the meantime, information from this long -term monitoring effort should be used to
develop restoration projects and condition forestry, development, and water use proposals
in documented temperature - impaired streams to ensure that summer water temperature
regimes are not further degraded.
4 Percentages are average canopy closure evaluated at 6 sites over 11.5 km in Thorndyke Cr., at 2 sites over
2 km in Shine Cr. (both from USFWS 1993), at 2 sites over 2 km in Ripley Cr., at 5 sites over 4 km in
Howe Cr. (both from Bernthal and Rot 2001), and at 22 sites throughout Chimacum and EF Chimacum
creeks (from Bahls and Rubin 1996)
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Acknowledgments
Glenn Gately with Jefferson County Conservation District graciously provided stream
temperature data for the Chimacum - Lower, Chimacum -Main, and EF Chimacum sites for
1998 -2001. Wild Olympic Salmon and Kitsap Water Watcher volunteers helped monitor
maximum water temperatures during 1992 -1994. G. Gately, A. Keller, C. Weller, S.
Todd, and R. Fuller provided helpful comments on early drafts.
References
Amerman, K. S., and J. F. Osborn. 1987. An analysis of streamflows on the Olympic
Peninsula in Washington State. Albrook Hydraulics Laboratory, Dept. of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Vol. 1 -2.
Bahls, P. 1993. The role of elevated stream temperature as a limiting factor for salmon
in upper Hood Canal, Washington. Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, Natural Resources
Dept., Kingston, WA. 15 p.
Bahls, P. 1998. The widespread occurrence of elevated summer stream temperatures in
upper Hood Canal watersheds and relation to riparian land uses. Poster presented at.
Puget Sound Research '98 Conference, sponsored by the Puget Sound Water Quality
Action Team poster session. Abstract available online:
http: / /www.wa.goy/puget sound/Publications /98 proceedings /sessions /posters.html
Bahls, P. and J. Rubin. 1996. Chimacum watershed coho salmon restoration assessment.
Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, Natural Resources Dept., Kingston, WA. 71 p. + app.
Bernthal, C. and B. Rot. 2001. Habitat conditions and water quality for selected
watersheds of Hood Canal and eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca. Technical Report TR 01 -1,
Point No Point Treaty Council, Kingston, WA.
Beschta, R. L., R. E. Bilby, G. W. Brown, L. B. Holtby, and T. D. Hofstra. 1986. Stream
temperature and aquatic habitat: fisheries and forestry interactions. Pages 191 -232 In: E.
O. Salo and T. W. Cundy (eds.), Streamside management: forestry and fishery
interactions. Cont. 57. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA.
Bjornn, T. C. and D. W. Reiser. 1991. Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams.
Chapter 4, p. 83 -138 in: W. Meehan (ed.). Influence of forest and rangeland management
on salmonid fishes and their habitats. Spec. pub. 19 American Fisheries Society.
Gregory, S., and P. Bisson. 1997. Degradation and loss of anadromous salmonid habitat
in the Pacific Northwest. In: Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future
Options, D. Stouter, P. Bisson, and R. Naiman, editors, 1997. Chapman and Hall, New
York, NY.
Hatten, J. R., R. H. Conrad. 1995. A comparison of summer stream temperatures in
unmanaged and managed sub - basins of Washington's western Olympic Peninsula.
Northwest Indian Fisheries Tribe, Forks, WA.
Hicks, M. 2001. Evaluating standards for protecting aquatic life in Washington's surface
water quality standards: temperature criteria. Draft discussion paper and literature
summary. Publication number 00 -10 -070, Washington Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
167 p.
Lichatowich, J. 1993. The status of anadromous fish stocks in the streams of eastern
Jefferson County, Washington. Final report, prepared for Dungeness - Quilcene Pilot
Project, Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe, Sequim, WA. 102 p.
Point No Point Treaty Council. 1999. Revised fishery management compact. Point No
Point Treaty Council, Kingston, WA. 36 p.
Schuett- Hames, D., A. E. Pleus, E. Rashin, and J. Mathews. 1999. TFW Monitoring
Program method manual for the stream temperature survey. Prepared for Washington
Dept. of Natural Resources under the Timber, Fish, and Wildlife Agreement. TFW -
AM9 -99 -005. DNR # 107.
USFS (United States Forest Service) and WA DNR (Washington Dept. of Natural
Resources. 1994. Big Quilcene watershed analysis — an ecological report at the
watershed level. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Olympic National Forest,
Olympia, WA.
USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). 1993. Unpublished habitat data for
Thorndyke and Shine creeks.
WA DNR (Washington Dept. of Natural Resources). 1995. West Kitsap watershed
analysis. Washington Dept. of Natural Resources, South Puget Sound Region,
Enumclaw, WA.
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} C.S d` um•L-oWer'\ Port Gamble SKlallam Tribe
Natural Resources Dept.
W A
/Chiry�acum -Main EF Ctl mactilti "
t} 1 0 1 2 Miles
Naylors. �.
,
i
Chimacurn�Upper
' Ludlow
IP
Howe
Talbloo ;
0 7' l
I' L. Quilcene -Upper a Ripley EF Tarboo Shine
t I
Leland); `0 Little Boston
L. Quilcene -Lower Nordro� SpiWg,
n _ diddle
Dona J
Penny i 1
t, Th d e - r L Ma ha�n
B. Quilcene -Mid, _
uil ene- web
r f C�lu�ar- Kinman
B.�Quilcene -Upperlp Gamb le -Lo � � - ) � [ - 'j
Gamle-Upper t
r.
Spencer,
Dbsew�lliOs -Upper Marpl
r 1
( *Rocky Bro It
Dosew,allips -Lower
Duckabush �� _- Yittle Ariderslon
Mconald l Big Bee %Lowe
Seabed
Fulton Stayis'
1 _
? ve� n� -Kidh Big Beef
Big il��e
Harding Big BeeRboveLake
Big Andersory
Fig 1 - Stream Temperature Monitoring Sites 1992 -2001. Supplemental monitoring sites
in Miller Lake /Martha John, Gamble, Little Anderson, Seabeck, Spencer, and Thorndyke
creeks are not depicted. Temperature data for starred sites (Chimacum) for 1998 -2001
graciously provided by Glenn Gately, Jefferson County Conservation District.
ANT (deg C) i_
rTI
12.5-15.9
16-17.9 -�
18�. j Port Gamble SKlallam Tribe
-19.9 r 22.8 1� .64�`` i Natural Resources Dept.
20-21.9
x( 1.7 -24.1) (16.2- 9.7) + N
22-25.7 `1 1 0 1 2 Miles
� 1
rS
1p1 i
J
19.9 (18,0-21.1)
-_ f
15.4
19:9 ;19.1, (18.9 -19.4)
°17.2
i
14.6 ® 16.4 1 .214.4- .7)
(1.1- 1,8.9) -
17.6 (16. r14.1 -
5.6- 17.2) _ 4
;18.3)!, 14.3 13.5 i� "� 13.7
166 (15.6`17.8) 1, f 21.1'' �� (13.9-`1,50) - (12.8 -1
y ; '
13.3 (12.7- 13.9)' - Jt 18.9 22. ) X151
1 4.7 �-
13. 1,, 16.4 (14. 15.0) 14`2
1 1
(12.8 -15.6) 19.6
13.6 (13.2 14.4)
14.5 17.
17.
f i
i
,
X13.0 i I
1;5.4 f
17.3 .-- , 13.9 (13.3- 15.6)
020,3,(19.4-2
25.7 (21.1- 26:;9)
t r�12.5 16.5, (14.4 - 18.7)
13.9 (12.8 -15:0) ) a
Fig 2 - Annual Instantaneous Maximum Temperature (AIMT), 1992 -2001. Average
and range (where >1 yr of data was available) for all permanent stations.
C. Big Beef
1996, 1997,_?001
16. 6.2 - 16.6)
.3 (14.1 - 14,,9)
4U 7 -DADMT
21 -DADT
In compliance
0.1 -1.9 deg C in exceedence
2.0 -3.9 deg C in exceedence
4.0+ deg C in exceedence
B. Gamble
1996,200
, �)
18.0 (18.0 -18.1)
19.0_ " - '15.5(15.1 -15.8)
16.1 G
13.2 (13.0 -13.4
I
12.2 (12.1 - 12.3)
20.7
13.2 18.2
12.04
11 0 1
Fig 3 - Stream temperature maxima in select
watersheds, 1996 -2001. Left diamond halves
and upper numbers are mean 7 -Day Average
Daily Maximum Temperatures (7- DADMT).
Right diamond halves and lower numbers are
mean 21 -Day Average Daily Temperatures
(21- DADT). Ranges are in parentheses for
sites with >1 yr of data. Temperature data for
Chimacum Creek for 1998 -2001 was provided
by Glenn Gately, Jefferson County
Conservation District.
f
. ChimacumC��
t 1
J9G, 1' '998 -200\
:4
15.
4.7-16.0)
*6 (20.4-22.5)A*,,',
18.1 (17.0 -19.2)
17.2(l 6 -19.1) , \'
14.6 (1-15.3)
17.4
13.8
i
C. Big Beef
1996, 1997,_?001
16. 6.2 - 16.6)
.3 (14.1 - 14,,9)
4U 7 -DADMT
21 -DADT
In compliance
0.1 -1.9 deg C in exceedence
2.0 -3.9 deg C in exceedence
4.0+ deg C in exceedence
B. Gamble
1996,200
, �)
18.0 (18.0 -18.1)
19.0_ " - '15.5(15.1 -15.8)
16.1 G
13.2 (13.0 -13.4
I
12.2 (12.1 - 12.3)
20.7
13.2 18.2
12.04
11 0 1
Fig 3 - Stream temperature maxima in select
watersheds, 1996 -2001. Left diamond halves
and upper numbers are mean 7 -Day Average
Daily Maximum Temperatures (7- DADMT).
Right diamond halves and lower numbers are
mean 21 -Day Average Daily Temperatures
(21- DADT). Ranges are in parentheses for
sites with >1 yr of data. Temperature data for
Chimacum Creek for 1998 -2001 was provided
by Glenn Gately, Jefferson County
Conservation District.
® 7 -DADMT
® 21 -DADT
l
In compliance
0.1 -1.9 deg C in exceedence 8
2.0 -3.9 deg C in exceedence
4.0+ deg C in exceedence 69/95 17146
i
I�
9/0
V `
27/58
►1�0 t►
- 1 14/55
{
47/63 Io
► �'
l0 � r -
iII
i
i 3/21
Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe 1
Natural Resources Dept.
Q
1 0 1 2 Miles
/rJ '
ter► J' ` �
i
19/52 y/
0114 f
I
0/28
/20
L7/59
' 5/72
Fig 4 - Stream temperature maxima, 2001. Left diamond halves indicate the 7 -Day Average
Daily Maximum Temperature (7- DADMT) with respect to 17 deg C. Right diamond halves
indicate the 21 -Day Average Daily Temperature (21 -DADT) with respect to 14 deg C. Where
temperature exceedences occurred, numbers before and after slash marks indicate days
water temperatures exceeded the 7 -DADMT and 21 -DADT standards, respectively.