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HomeMy WebLinkAbout100812S_ra01 Jefferson County Shoreline Master Program Update Workshop with Fish Disease Experts October 8, 2012 | 1:30 pm Cotton Building, Port Townsend FRAMING QUESTION: Are the performance standards in the Draft CUP Criteria enough and if not, what needs to be added or changed? Draft Conditional Use Permit (CUP) Criteria D. Regulations – Finfish: 1.Reference to existing policy guidance 2.Prohibited in Discovery Bay and Hood Canal 3.General – Surveys, Monitoring and Operations Plan requirements 4.Bottom Sediments & Benthos 5.Water Quality 6.Phytoplankton 7.Chemicals 8.Food fish & Shellfish 9.Importation of New Fish Species 10.Genetic Issues 11.Escapement & Disease 12.Marine Mammals & Birds 13.Visual Quality 14.Navigation, Military Operations & Commercial Fishing 15.Human Health 16.Recreation 17.Noise 18.Odor 19.Lighting & Glare 20.Upland Shoreline Use 21.Local Services See full text of the draft CUP provisions attached. Jefferson County SMP Update Proposed Conditional Use Criteria for In-water Finfish Aquaculture The following provisions would replace provisions D.l through D.6 of the County's 10/31/11 Formal Response to Ecology for Article 8.2 Aquaculture: D. Regulations - Finfish 1. The culture of finfish, including net pens as defined in Article 2, may be allowed with a discretionary conditional use approval (C(d)) subject to the policies and regulations of this Program. The following standards and criteria apply for all in-water finfish aquaculture use/development, per the recommendations of the 1986 Interim Guidelines (Weston/SAICL the 1986 Aquaculture Siting Study (EDAW Inc.L the 1988 Use Conflict Study (BoyceL and the 1990 Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement - Preferred Alternative (parametrix). In the event there is a conflict between these requirements, the more restrictive shall prevail. Upon availability of any other subsequently state- approved guidance, the more current requirements shall prevail. 2. In-waterfinfish aquaculture shall be prohibited in Discovery Bay, south of the boundary for the Protection Island Aquatic Reserve, and in Hood Canal (south of the line from Tala Point to Foulweather Bluff, including Dabob and Tarboo BaysL due to significant water quality issues in these water bodies. 3. General a. All in-water finfish aquaculture proposals shall provide the County, at the applicant/operator's expense, a site characterization survey, baseline surveys, and annual monitoring as described in the 1986 Interim Guidelines, or subsequent documents approved by the State. The applicant/operator shall also provide the County with copies of all survey and monitoring reports submitted to WA Departments of Ecology, Fish & Wildlife, and Natural Resources. b. All in-water finfish aquaculture facility proposals shall submit an operations plan that includes projections for: I. Improvements at the site (e.g. pens, booms, etc.) and their relationship to the natural features (e.g. bathymetry, shorelines, etc.); II. Number, size and configuration of pens/structures; III. Schedule of development and maintenance VII. Pounds of fish on hand throughout the VIII. year; Average and maximum stocking density IX. Source of eggs, juveniles, and broodstock; x. Type of feed used; XI. Feeding method; XII. Chemical use (e.g. antifouling, antibiotics, etc.); and Predator control measures. IV. Species cultured; v. Fish size at harvest; VI. Annual production; XIII. 9-6-12 WORKING DRAFT Page 1 of6 4. Bottom Sediments & Benthos a. The depth of water below the bottom of any in-water finfish aquaculture facility shall meet the minimum required by the 1986 Interim Guidelines (Le. 20 - 60 feetL as based on facility production capacity (Class I, II or III) and the mean current velocity at the site, measured as noted in the Guidelines or by more current data/methodology. b. In-water finfish aquaculture operations shall be prohibited where mean current velocity is less than 0.1 knots (5 cm/sec). c. The pen configuration (e.g. parallel rows, compact blocks of square enclosures, or clusters of various sized round enclosures, whether oriented in line with or perpendicular to the prevailing current direction) of any in-water finfish aquaculture facility shall be designed and maintained to minimize the depth and lateral extent of solids accumulation. d. The use of un pelletized wet feed shall be prohibited to minimize undigested feed reaching the benthos or attracting scavengers in the water column. e. Anchoring or mooring systems shall utilize adequately-sized helical devices or other methods to minimize disturbance to the benthos. 5. Water Quality a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to avoid adverse impacts to water temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient levels, and other water quality parameters. Facilities must comply with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Standards (NPDES) requirements. b. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall monitor water quality and net cleaning activities to comply with State requirements (including WAC 173-201A-210L especially during periods of naturally high water turbidity. Additional net cleaning activities shall be performed, as needed, to ensure State water quality standards are met. 6. Phytoplankton a. In-water finfish aquaculture facility production capacity shall be limited in nutrient sensitive areas to protect water quality and shall not exceed 1,000,000 pounds annual production per square nautical mile. The following shall apply for specific geographic areas: I. In the main basin of Puget Sound (area south of the sill at Admiralty Inlet extending to the line between Tala Point and Foulweather Bluff, including Port Townsend Bay, Kilisut Harbor, and Oak Bay, and extending to the County's boundary midway to Whidbey IslandL annual production shall be limited by the site characteristics in compliance with this Program. b. Applicants shall demonstrate through field and modeling studies that the proposed fish farms will not adversely affect existing biota. 9-6-12 WORKING DRAFT Page 2 of6 7. Chemicals a. Only FDA-approved chemicals shall be allowed on a case-by-case basis for anti-fouling, predator control and other purposes. The use of tributyltin (TBT) is prohibited and all chemical use shall be reported to the State as required. b. When necessary, vaccination is preferred over the use of antibiotics. Only FDA-approved antibiotics shall be used and such use shall be reported to the State as required. Operator shall take all necessary precautions to ensure that nearby sediments and shellfish do not accumulate significant amounts of antibiotics. 8. Food fish & Shellfish a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be located to avoid adverse impacts to habitats of special significance (as defined in Article 2) and populations of food fish and shellfish as follows, as determined on a case-by-case basis: I. When adjacent to any wildlife refuge, sanctuary, aquatic reserve or similar area intended to protect threatened or endangered species, locate a minimum of 300 feet in all directions from such protected areas; II. When water depth is less than 75 feet, locate at least 300 feet down-current and 150 feet in all other directions from significant habitats; III. When water depth is greater than 75 feet, locate at least 150 feet from significant habitat. b. The County shall designate protective buffer zones around habitats of special significance in accordance with marine area spatial planning efforts led by the State, when such guidance and methodologies are available. 9. Importation of New Fish Species a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall comply with existing State and federal regulations to ensure importation of new and/or non-native species does not adversely affect existing and/or native species. 10. Genetic Issues a. In compliance with State and federal requirements, in-water finfish aquaculture facilities that propose to culture species native to local waters should use stocks with the greatest genetic similarity to local stocks. b. When there is increased risk of interbreeding or establishment of naturalized populations of the cultured species that would in conflict with native stocks, only sterile or mono-sexual fish shall be allowed. c. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall locate a minimum distance from river mouths where wild fish could be most vulnerable to genetic degradation, as determined on a case-by-case basis or by State guidance. 9-6-12 WORKING DRAFT Page 3 of6 11. Escapement and Disease a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall comply with State and federal requirements to control pests, parasites, diseases, viruses and pathogens and to prevent escapement including, but not limited to, those for certified eggs, approved import/transport and live fish transfer protocols, escapement prevention, reporting and recapture plans, and disease inspection and control per RCW 77.15.290, RCW 77.115, WAC 220-76 and WAC 220-77 and other requirements as appropriate. The use of regional broodstock is preferred. 12. Marine Mammals & Birds a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall locate a minimum of 1,500 feet from habitats of special significance for marine mammals and seabirds. b. Only non-lethal techniques (e.g. anti-predator netting) shall be allowed to prevent predation by birds and/or mammals on the cultured stocks. 13. Visual Quality a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall conduct a Visual Impact Assessment to evaluate and document the following siting and design variables in order to minimize visual impacts to adjacent and surrounding uses: I. Locate offshore from low bank shorelines rather than high bluff areas where angle of viewing becomes more perpendicular to the plane of water making the facility more visually evident; II. Locate offshore a minimum of 1,500 feet from ordinary high water mark, or a minimum of 2,000 feet when higher density residential development is present along the adjacent upland. The County may require a greater distance as determined by a visual impact assessment. III. Facilities shall be designed to maximize a horizontal profile to repeat the plane of the water surface rather than project vertically above the water surface. Vertical height shall be the minimum feasible, not to exceed 10 feet from the surface of the water. IV. Facilities shall be designed so that the overall size and surface area coverage does not exceed 10% of the normal cone of vision, dependent on the foreshortening created by the offshore distance and the average observation height. v. Facilities shall be designed to borrow from the form of structures and materials already in the environment (e.g. pilings, docks, marinas) and to blend with the predominate color schemes present (Le. blue, green, gray, neutral earth tones). The colors of white and black shall be minimized as they have highly variable appearance in response to lighting conditions. Bright colors such as red, yellow, and orange shall be avoided, unless required for safety purposes. The use of a variety of materials or colors shall be limited and ordered. VI. Facilities proposed to locate in the vicinity of existing in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall evaluate the aggregate impacts and cumulative effects of multiple operations in the same area. VII. Facilities shall be designed and located so that the surface area of individual operations does not exceed 2 acres of surface coverage and no more than one operation per square nautical mile 9-6-12 WORKING DRAFT Page 4 of6 VIII. Land based access for parking, staging, launching, and storage associated with any in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be evaluated for visual impacts and conflicts with adjacent upland uses. 14. Navigation, Military Operations and Commercial Fishing a. When appropriate, in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be located close to shore and near existing navigational impediments (Le. marinas, docks). b. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to avoid conflict with military operations. c. The County shall notify, as appropriate, marinas, ports, recreational and commercial boating/fishing organizations, and local tribes about comment opportunities during the permit review process, especially re: proposed location of fish farm and related navigational aids. 15. Human Health a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to: I. Ensure adequate water quality compatible with good husbandry practices; II. Report any known bacteriological characteristics of fish food used; III. Ensure proper storage of fish food to avoid alteration or degradation of feed quality; and IV. Regularly monitor and report presence of parasites in farmed fish. 16. Recreation a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall ensure compliance with State and federal requirements, especially when location is proposed near underwater park facilities. b. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be located a minimum of xxx feet from any recreational shellfish beach, public tidelands, public access facilities (e.g. docks or boat ramps) or other areas of extensive or established recreational use. 17. Noise a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to: I. Ensure compliance with state and federal noise level limits; II. Require mufflers and enclosures on all motorized fish farm equipment; III. When appropriate, prefer electric motors over internal combustion engines. b. The County may require an acoustical study, conducted at the applicant/operator's expense, to ensure any audible impacts are identified and adequately addressed. 18. Odor a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to: I. Ensure compliance with state limits regarding nuisances and waste disposal; II. Follow best management practices including, but not limited to: 1. Daily removal and disposal of dead fish and other waste; 2. Regular cleaning of nets and apparatus; 9-6-12 WORKING DRAFT Page 50f6 3. Storage of food in closed conta iners; 4. Walkway design and use allows spilled food to fall into the water. III. Maximize the distance between the facility and nearby residential use/development, downwind location preferred, to minimize impacts resulting from foul odors. 19. Lighting and Glare a. Facilities shall comply with USCG requirements for operational and navigational lighting. The height of the light source above the water surface shall be the minimum necessary, not to exceed 80 inches, unless otherwise specified by State or federal requirements. b. Facilities shall be designed so that any glare or shadows caused by the solar orientation are minimized. c. Facilities shall utilize materials that minimize glare caused by sunlight or artificial lighting. 20. Upland Shoreline Use a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to minimize incompatible uses and degradation of upland area. 21. Local Services a. All in-water finfish aquaculture facilities shall be designed, located and operated to: I. Provide estimates of high, average, and low volumes of waste to be produced, including catastrophic events; II. Provide a waste management plan to include the method and frequency of collection, storage and disposal; and III. Ensure compliance with local, state, federal waste disposal requirements. b. Equipment, structures and materials shall not be discarded in the water and shall not be abandoned in the upland. 9-6-12 WORKING DRAFT Page 60f6 Page 10f2 Leslie Locke From: John Austin Sent: Thursday, October 04,2012 9:17 AM To: Leslie Locke Subject: FW: Kerwin info on fish health From: Michelle McConnell Sent: Thursday, October 04,2012 9:18:22 AM To: Philip Morley; John Austin; Phil Johnson; David Sullivan Cc: Carl Smith; Stacie Hoskins; Julie Shannon Subject: Kerwin info on fish health Auto forwarded by a Rule Commissioners and Philip, As I corresponded with John Kerwin to schedule the August workshop (that was postponed), he provided some good information about the issues of net pens and fish disease. I believe I passed along the policy document he provided but I'm not sure I forwarded his email so am providing you that text now in preparation for Monday's workshop: 10/4/2012 Page 2 of2 Hope this is helpful, Michelle Michelle McConnell, Associate Planner Long Range Planning Lead Shoreline Master Program Update Project Manager Watershed Stewardship Resource Center Project Manager Jefferson County Department of Community Development MAIL 621 Sheridan St., Port Townsend, W A 98368 DIRECT 360.379.4484 I MAIN 360.379.4450 I FAX 360.379.4473 WE B www.co.iefferson.wa.us/com mdevelopment OFFICE OPEN: Monday - Thursday 9:00 am - 4:30 pm MISSION: To preserve and enhance the quality of life in Jefferson County by promoting a vibrant economy, sound communities and a healthy environment. All e-mail sent to this address will be received by the Jefferson County e-mail system and may be subject to Public Disclosure under Chapter 42.56 RCW and as such may be viewed by parties other than the intended recipient. 10/4/2012 :r: X jij" :r == ~ Q) s: < n IV -I n 0 :::r Qi" :::c (t) ~ 0 --. Cb QJ n VI- e... c: ::r 'C n 0 n Q,) c:: C -+.r. V1 OJ ro~ CD -h ro.. \. ./ ~ ~ to -0 E" --I .... !:J f1) OJ ~ $ ..., en =r --' 0 :E (n ~ 0 :5. ..... McPherson (f) (t) JQ VJ () QJ ~ c: ct- Haines (D ~ (II. ., 3" ~ VIi ~Vl :E DJ~ t>> ~-' -'(D < .... ~~ I'D ^ $ ~ ::t CD ~< Hancock .cE-- s: < n tD 0 VI ... OJ tJ. 0 In -.: ~ 0 ~ ~ ::J 5" QJ OJ -n 0: ("') Vi' tA- ~ DJ =r ""'+I ""'C m~ 0 s:: ~ r+ d -I 0 :E :E ::Ji :::J CJ"t V1 m r'D :::J ::s ~ c.. a. t: ('") :::0 (I) ..., ^ ro ro OJ 3 tn Benedict :::::li en ..-+ OJ ::::li ~ C a. .., iiJ. 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Q,) 5. n OJ ""'+I C'D~ f.I') :: (t) rD r+ h;" c: ..., f'D ~ f'D .,,- III ~ ~ V')C1> =~ r-)>~~. ~n~5 ~ffi~~ -,: 3 ro 0 tfJ<"""'!:c ::s JQ (l) r- Aa ::rf'D C::tJi .0 t:))tn ...,m C"'-1 -I::r .::r Q) ~. -. C "C I'-+-....a. aJoo :J:EJ-Io S::JN ~vt~ g C"'~ ~~ ~ \:J o ;:+ at :E :J (n ro ::J a. :::c C'D V) ..-+ OJ c: , :OJ ::1- I""'i" V) :s ~ w CJj f m ~ Q) I"T ro 0- n to n ""'II ro OJ 3 v 0. [ :s j- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~~ r ~ c ,., ~ ~ ~ ~ (() ~ 't-- ~ "'C o ...,; 1"'+ --{ o :E ::::J iA (t) ::::J a. :::c (D V1 ,-+ OJ c: ...,; Q) ::J ..-+ V1 "'tJ o :i" ""'0 ::I: 0 a:E r.n::::J Of'"'to ::::;liO s:~ CJ .., 5" OJ :r: t: ~,~ oc.n- ::I ~ "'0 )Q o ~ :i" . ~. r+ n n :r OJ 50 ~ tD (n tD m .......... ~ .!::. N- o ~ I-l The Salmonid Disease Control Policy of the }'isheries Co-Managers of Washington State (Revised July 2006) CONTENTS 1. Policy Statement arId Goals ......................................................... 2 2. Minimum Fish Health Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 2.1. Surveillance requirement for Regulated Pathogens... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . ... .. . .. 3 2.2. Fish health rnonitoring requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 2.3. Hatchery sanitation requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 4 2.4. Transfer requirements. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. 5 2.4.1. Transfer notification process.................................................... 5 2.4.2. Fish 11ealtll information required for transfer.... ~............................. 6 2.4.3. Galnete and egg traIlsfer reql.lirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 7 2.4.4. Fish transfer reql.lirements. . .. . .. ... . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . ... . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. 14 2.4.5. Carcass traIlsfer requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 2.4.6. Water transfer reqllirements ..................""................................ 19 2.5. Site-specific containment plans for pathogens of concern. ............... .. 20 3. Commllnications and Reporting R,equirenlents................................ ... 20 4. Technical Procedures................................................................. 21 5. Monitoring and Evalllation Component. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. 21 6. Amendment and Exemption Process.. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . ... 21 7. R,eferences.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8. A ppen di ces ............................................................................... 24 8. 1 . De fi ni t ion s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 8.2. Species Susceptibility to R,eglllated Endemic Pathogens.................... . 30 8.3. List of Watersheds and Fish Health Management Zones.................... 31 8.4. TestingR,egimes and APPL Table.............................H............... 33 8.5. Risk Assessment Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 35 8.6. Specific Pathogen Control Strategies............. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 36 Note: Individuals reading this policy should refer to the definition section in Appendix 801 for further clarifications of terms used in the policy. Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 1. POLICY STA TEMENT AND GOALS 1.1. POIJICY STATEMENT: It shall be the policy of the Fisheries Co-Managers of Washington State to protect free- ranging and cultured fish populations from management activities that could cause the importation, dissemination, and amplification of pathogens known to adversely affect salmonids. These management activities include, but are not limited to, the transfer of gametes, eggs, fish, carcasses, or water between watersheds. This policy sets forth the minimum fish health standards. A Co-Manager or Co-Operator may implement additional practices or measures at their facilities at their discretion. Further, acknowledging that many complex fish health situations will arise, it shall be the policy to foster open and frequent communication between Co-Managers and Co- Operators to jointly resolve these issues without endangering the health of free-ranging and cultllred fish populations. 1.2. POLICY GOALS: · To prevent the importation or establishment of regulated exotic pathogens into Washington State. · To prevent the introduction or establishment of regulated endemic pathogens to new watersheds within Washington State. · To reduce the biological impact of specific pathogens known to adversely impact salmonids. · To minimize the amplification of pathogens that can adversely affect both free-ranging and cultured fish populations. · To foster open and frequent communications between Co-Managers and Co-Operators on fish health issues. 1.3. REGULA TED P A TUOG EN LIST Exotic Pathogens1: · Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) · All viral hemolThagic septicemia virus strains oth~r than the Pacific Northwest strain (IV a) Endemic Pathogens: · Infectious hematopoetic necrosis virus (lliNV) · Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) · Pacific Northwest strain (IV a) of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (PNW VHSV) · Myxobolus cerebralis 1 There are other serious fish pathogens not known to exist in Washington State that are not included in this list because there is not a statewide surveillance program in place for them (e.g. infectious salmon anemia virus). These pathogens may be added to this list in the future if new information becomes available regarding their distribution and our surveillance program is expanded to include these pathogens. 2 l.f)alnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2. MINIMUM FISH HEALTH STANDARDS It shall be the intent of all signatories of this policy to implement the following minimum fish health standards in the categories listed below to accomplish the goal of preventing the importation, dissemination, and amplification of pathogens known to adversely affect salmonids. · Surveillance requirements for regulated pathogens · Fish health monitoring requirements for cultured fish stocks · Hatchery sanitation requirements · Transfer requirements for gametes apd eggs, fish, carcasses, and water · Site-specific containment plan requirement for pathogens of concern 2.1. SIJRVEILLANCE REQUIREMENT FOR REGULATED PATHOGENS 2.1.1. Surveillance Requirement For Regulated Viral Pathogens · Each broodstock population spawned at a Co-Manager or Co-Operator facility will be tested annually for regulated viral pathogens at a minimum of the low testing regime (5% assumed pathogen prevalence level (APPL)) as part of a statewide surveillance program. The required testing regime may be increased depending on the management objectives for that stock as well as other considerations detailed in Section 2.4.3 (Gamete and Egg Transfer Requirements). The required tissues and fluids for surveillance testing will be kidney, spleen, and ovarian fluid from sexually mature adults. · In addition, each juvenile fish stock that has been reared on surlace water or a Representative Index Group (RIG - see definitions in Appendix 8.1) will be tested for regulated viral pathogens at the 5% APPL within eight (8) weeks prior to their transfer to another watershed. · In both cases, testing must be conducted by, or under the supervision of, a Fish Health Inspector (see definitions in Appendix 8.1). 2.1.2. Surveillance Requirement For Myxobolus cerebralis (M. cerebralis) · All water supplies containing fish will be tested for the presence of M. cerebralis at least once every three spawning cycles if fish that are reared on that water supply are to be transferred to another watershed. This program will involve testing the most susceptible species on site or a susceptible sentinel species (see Appendix 8.2.1) for the presence of M. cerebralis at a minimum of the 5% APPL every three years. The species selected for screening must have been exposed to the water supply a minimum of 1800 degree-days (Celsius) or six (6) months before testing (USFWS and AFS Blue Book 2004 or current edition). 3 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.2. FISH HEAI.J TH MONITORING REQlJIREMENTS FOR CULTURED FISH STOCKS · The p.ealth of each stock of fish reared at a Co-Manager or Co-Operator facility will be monitored on a regular basis (target monthly) by a Fish Health Inspector until the fish are released. · Any significant loss of fish that is suspected to be due to an infectious agent will be promptly investigated by the facility manager and a Fish IIealth Inspector. When an infectious agent is detected and implicated in the fish loss, preventative and therapeutic strategies will be implemented whenever possible to reduce the impact of such disease agents on both free-ranging and cultured fish populations. 2.3. HA TCHERY SANITATION REQUIREMENTS 2.3.1. Eggs: · All eggs taken into a culture facility must be waterhardened in a minimum of 75 ppm buffered iodophor solution for one hour. However, if the appropriate Co-Manager's or Co-Operator's fish health staff demonstrates that this strategy is detrimental to egg survival for a specific stock, an acceptable alternative will be to disinfect the eggs with 100 ppm iodophor for a minimum of ten minutes immediately after waterhardening (Amend and Pietsch 1972; Goldes and Mead 1995; Groberg 1990). · All eyed eggs transferred to a new facility must be disinfected in a minimum of 100 ppm iodophor for a minimum of ten minutes upon receipt. All associated water and equipment must be disinfected before leaving the incubation area (Amend and Pietsch 1972; Goldes and Mead 1995; Groberg 1990). 2.3.2. Equipment, Rearing Units, and Transport Vessels: · Equipment used to transfer gametes, eggs, or fish between Fish Health Management Zones (Appendix 8.3) including fish transfer vessels will be sanitized before being used for any other transport. In addition, it is recommended that all equipment and transport vessels be sanitized after gametes, eggs, or fish are transferred to another watershed. · Rearing units will be cleaned regularly whenever and wherever possible and the waste disposed of in a way to prevent its discharge into State waters. · Rearing units will be thoroughly cleaned in the following situations: c:> Before introducing a new fish lot into a rearing unit that had previously contained a fish lot that experienced a disease epidemic. c> Before introducing "a fish lot that will be reared in isolation on regulated pathogen- free water until their transfer or release. Acceptable cleaning methods for rearing units with hard smfaces include, but are not limited to, pressure washing followed by either using an approved disinfectant or by 4 L~almonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 leaving it dry for a minimum of 24 hours. The acceptable minimum cleaning method for earthen ponds is to drain them and leave them dry for a minimum of 72 hours. 2.3.3. Mortality Removal: · Mortalities will be removed from rearing units on a regular basis whenever and wherever possible. · Mortalities that are removed must be disposed of in a way that prevents their discharge into State waters. Acceptable methods include, but are not limited to, burial, composting, or rendering. 2.4. TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS The transfer of gametes, eggs, fish, carcasses for nutrient enhancement projects, and water in Washington State will be managed to prevent the importation of exotic pathogens into the State and the spread and amplification of regulated endemic fish pathogens within the State. All transfers will be required to meet the minimum requirements in the following three areas: · Transfer notification and approval process (Section 2.4.1). · Fish health information exchange prior to transfer (Section 2.4.2). · Specific transfer requirements for gametes and eggs (Section 2.4.3), fish (Section 2.4.4), carcasses (Section 2.4.5), and water (Section 2.4.6). 2.4.1. Transfer Notification Process Transfers of gametes, eggs, fish, or carcasses into, or within, Washington State are allowed under a permit system implemented by the Co-Managers. The permit system consists of a formal notification process of all proposed gamete, egg, live fish, or adult carcass transfers to all relevant Co-Managers and Co-Operators and documentation that they meet the fish health requirements specified in this Policy. 2.4.1.1. Future Brood Document Process All Co-Managers and Co-Operators will incorporate their planned program of gamete, egg, and fish transfers and releases for the coming year (August through July) into the Future Brood Document process coordinated by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) (Puget Sound Management Plan, 1985). All proposed programs will be exchanged and reviewed by the Co-Managers' and Co- Operators' fish health staffs for consistency with the Salmonid Disease Control Policy of the Fisheries Co-Managers of Washington State each year. To aid in this review process, the Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staffs will produce and exchange a three (3) year history of regulated and reportable pathogens for all of their facilities by watershed by March 1. {Ipon final approval, the document will become accepted as the Current Brood Program and all transfers and releases listed within will be approved pending results of any fish health tests required within this policy. 5 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.1.2. In-Season Changes to the Current Brood Document for unlisted transfers or releases: Any transfer or release of gametes, eggs, or fish which is not listed in the Current Brood Document requires the requesting Co-Manager or Co~Operator to notify all relevant Co-Managers a minimum of ten (10) working days prior to the proposed transfer or release. Changes can be made using the In-Season Brood Document Change Form or any other form that supplies similar information. The In-Season Brood Document Change Form can be obtained from WDFW (360/902-2684) or can be downloaded at ht!J2://www.n\vifc.org/enhance/fh downloads.asp. If the transfer or release is consistent with tQis policy and there are no objections from relevant Co- Managers within ten (10) working days after notification, then the transfer or release is approved. No transfer or release that is inconsistent with this policy's requirements shall occur unless an exemption is acquired (Section 6.2). 2.4.2. Fish Health Information Required for Transfer The following fish health information is required to be completed and on file with, or received by, the Co-Manager or Co-Operator of the receiving facility a minimum of five (5) working days prior to the actual transfer of gametes, eggs or fish: 2.4.2.1. Information requiredfor gamete or egg transfers: · A completed copy of the parental broodstock surveillance report; and, · A three (3) year history of regulated and reportable pathogens (see Appendix 8.1 definition for a list of reportable pathogens) found within the facility and watershed. · Imports of gametes or eggs from outside the United States must also be accompanied by a "Title 50" Inspection Report (Code of Federal Regulations, 50 CFR 16.13) or an Injurious Wildlife Permit (Code of Federal Regulations, 50 CFR 16.22). 2.4.2.2. Information required for fish transfers: · All transfer requirements listed above for gamete or egg transfers (2.4.2.1); and, · A summary of all findings of reportable pathogens, epidemics, and diagnostic cases experienced by that lot; and, · A risk assessment report if a reportable pathogen is detected in the lot to be transferred for the first time in three successive spawning cycles (see Section 2.4.4.1). The risk assessment report will be produced by the Fish I-Iealth Inspectors from both the sending and receiving facilities and provided to the Co-Managers and Co-Operators in the receiving watershed at least five (5) working days prior to the transfer (Appendix 8.5). If fish have been exposed to surlace water at any time dUling their rearing, the following additional items are also required prior to the transfer (See Section 2.4.4.2.2): · A completed fish health monitoring report perlormed by a Fish Health Inspector no longer than four (4) weeks prior to transfer; and, · A copy of the completed virology test results performed on either the lot to be transferred or a representative index group (RIG) no longer than eight (8) weeks prior to transfer if the transfer is between watersheds. 6 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.2.3. Responsibilities: · It shall be the responsibility of the receiving facility Co-Manager or Co-Operator to verify that (1) the transfer has been approved, and (2) all required fish health reports are completed and received prior to allowing entry of gametes, eggs, or fish onto their facility. · A gamete, egg, or fish transfer request may be deni~d on the basis of the pathogen history of the stock, facility, or watershed as determined by the receiving Co- Manager or Co-Operator. 2.4.3. Gamete and Egg Transfer Requirements This section specifies the minimum fish health requirements that must be met to transfer gametes or eggs into, or within, the Washington State. The requirements are intended to prevent gamete- or egg-associated transfer of regulated viral pathogens to new watersheds within the State. 2.4.3.1. Introduction: The specific transfer requirements will vary depending on the relative risk that a specific lot of gametes or eggs pose of carrying a regulated viral pathogen to a new watershed. Gametes or eggs posing a higher level of risk will have more restrictive requirements to meet than those posing a lower risk. Factors that are considered in determining the relative risk level that a specific lot of gametes or eggs pose include: · Current pathogen status of the parental broodstock: Gametes or eggs from parents that are infected with a regulated viral pathogen pose a higher risk of carrying that pathogen than do gametes or eggs from negative parents. · Pathogen history of the sending watershed: If regulated viral pathogens have been known to occur in the sending watershed and not in the receiving watershed, the risk of spreading the pathogen is higher. · Water supply type: Eggs incubated on sutface water pose a higher risk of being exposed to a regulated viral pathogen than do eggs incubated on regulated pathogen-free water. This risk increases if the watershed has a positive history for regulated viral pathogens. · Susceptibility of the species to be transferred to regulated viral pathogens: Gametes or eggs from species that are highly susceptible to regulated viral pathogens pose a higher risk of carrying the virus than do those from species that are less susceptible (Appendix 8.2.2). The minimum requirements for a specific gamete or egg transfer will vary depending on the risk level the transfer poses but in general will address the following areas: · Minimum adult testing requirements of the parental broodstock (Low, Moderate, or High Testing Regimes explained in Appendix 8.4.1). · Water supply type (Regulated pathogen-free vs. surface water) (see definitions in Appendix 8.1). · The transfer of gametes or eggs prior to the completion of the parental broodstock virus testing. · Length of time requirements apply after a virus is detected (three spawning cycles for IHNV and IPNV and one spawning cycle for PNW VHSV). 7 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.3.2. General Egg Transfer Requirements: 2.4.3.2.1. Minimum Egg Handling Requirements: The following requirements must be met for all gamete and egg transfers: · All eggs that are to be transferred must be disinfected at the waterhardening stage and again at transfer per the sanitation procedures described in Section 2.3.1. · Gametes or eggs can be transferred to an approved qu,,!antine facility (see definitions in Appendix 8.1) at any time regardless of the parental virus status provided that the necessary notifications have occurred with the relevant Co- Managers in the area.. 2.4.3.3. Transfer requirements for gametes or eggs from the following five broodstock types: · Free-ranging sockeye, kokanee, and Columbia River broodstocks whose progeny are to be transferred to Puget SoundIW A coastal region (Section 2.4.3.3.1). · Broodstocks and watersheds with a negative history of regulated viral pathogens (Section 2.4.3.3.2). · Broodstocks with an incomplete history for regulated viral pathogens (Section 2.4.3.3). · Broodstocks that can not be tested for regulated viruses (e.g. redd mined eggs} (Section 2.4.3.3.4). · Broodstock or watersheds with a positive history for either IHNV or IPNV (Section 2.4.3.3.5). · Broodstock or watersheds with a current detection of PNW VHSV (Section 2.4.3.3.6). 2.4.3.3.1. Transfer requirements for ~ametes or eggs from all free-ranging sockeye, kokanee, and Columbia River broodstocks whose progeny are to be transferred to ~he Puget Sound or Washington Coastal Region: The Co-Managers have identified the following transfer types as posing a high risk of transferring a regulated endemic viral pathogen to another watershed regardless of the pathogen history of either the specific broodstock or its natal watershed: · The transfer of gametes and/or eggs from free-ranging sockeye and kokanee broodstocks' because of their high level of susceptibility to all of the regulated endemic viral pathogens especially IHNV (Amend 1977); and. · The transfer of Columbia River broodstocks whose progeny are to be transferred to. the Puget Sound or Washington Coastal Region because of the high prevalence of IHNV in many Columbia River stocks and past detections of IPNV within the Columbia River Region Gametes andlor eggs from these broodstock types can be transferred to another watershed provided all of the following minimum requirements are met: · Broodstock are tested at the high testing regime; and, · Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer; and, · Viral test results are completed before the transfer occurs. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock test results are completed, they must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. 8 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.3.3.2. Transfer requirements for gametes or eggs from broodstocks and watersheds with a negative history of regulated viral pathogens: Gametes or eggs that are from a broodstock and watershed that have an established negative history for regulated viral pathogens (see definition of "Negative History for Regulated Pathogens" in Appendix 8.1) can be transferred to any watershed within Washington State provided the requirements listed below are met: Captive broodstocks reared on regulated pathogen-free: · Broodstock are tested at a minimum of the low testing regime. · Gametes or eggs can be transferred to another watershed before the test results are done. All free-ranging broodstocks except (1) sockeye and kokanee and (2) all Columbia River region broodstocks whose progeny are transferred to the Puget Sound/Washington Coast region: · Broodstock are tested at a minimum of the moderate testing regime. · Eggs can be incubated on surface water. · Gametes or eggs can be transferred to another watershed before the test results are done provided the following requirements are met: (1) they are transferred to another watershed within the same region (Columbia River vs. Puget Sound W A Coast), (2) the eggs are incubated in isolation at the receiving hatchery until eye up, and (3) if parental testing is not completed by the time the eggs eye up, then the eggs must be held in quarantine until the test results are completed. A detection of a regulated viral pathogen will require the gametes or eggs to be either returned to their original watershed or be destroyed. 2.4.3.3.3. Transfer requirements for .e:ametes or eggs from broodstocks with an incomplete history for regulated endemic viral pathogens: Gametes or eggs that are from a broodstock that has not been tested for regulated viral pathogens for three successive years can be transferred to other watersheds within Washington State provided the requirements below are met. · Broodstock is tested at the high testing regime for the fIrst year if it does not have any prior testing history and at the moderate testing regime for the following two successive years until a negative history can be established; and, · Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer; and, · Viral test results are completed before transfer. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock test results are completed, the resulting fertilized eggs must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. 9 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.3.3.4. Transfer requirements for eggs that are from broodstocks that can not be tested for regulated viruses (e.g. redd mined eggs): Such eggs can be transferred to other watersheds within Washington State provided the following requirements below are met: · Eggs are disinfected upon arrival to the receiving hatchery unless the attending Fish Health Inspector determines that it would be harmful to the developing embryos; and, · Eggs are held in isolation if they stay within their original watershed or in quarantine if they are transferred to another watershed; and, · The resulting fry are tested for regulated viral pathogens at the 2% APPL. If the test results for regulated viral pathogens are negative and the fry remain within the Fish Health Management Zone (See Appendix 8.3) they were collected in, they may be removed from isolation/quarantine. However, if they are transferred to a different Fish Health Management Zone, they must stay in quarantine the entire time. If the test results are positive for a regulated viral pathogen, the fry must be destroyed or returned to their original watershed. 2.4.3.3.5. Transfer requirements for gametes or eggs from ail broodstocks within watersheds that have either a current detection, or a positive history of either lliNV or IPNV: Gametes and eggs can be transferred from broodstocks or watersheds that have a current detection or a positive history of either lliNV or IPNV to any watershed within Washington State provided the requirements listed below are met: Minimum transfer requirements during the current spawning cycle (Year 0) in which IHNV or IPNV is detected: Gametes or eggs from any parents that test positive for lliNV or IPNV or gametes or eggs from untested parents from a positive broodstock can not be transferred outside of their original watershed unless they go to an approved quarantine facility. Transfers of such eggs within a watershed will not be restricted under this policy unless they are to be transferred above an anadromous barrier. In these cases, the transfer will not proceed until consensus is reached between the relevant Co- Managers. Gametes or eggs from negative parents of the positive broodstock and from all other broodstocks that have been exposed to surface water in the watershed can be transferred to another watershed provided all of the following conditions are met: · The parents are tested at the high testing regime and the results are negative (Broodstock culling is allowed within a single days egg take if protocols have been pre-approved by the relevant Co-Managers); and, · Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer; and, · Viral test results are completed before transfer occurs. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock test results are completed, they must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. 10 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 Gametes and eggs from captive broodstocks (see definitions) can be transferred to another watershed provided all of the following requirements are met: · Captive broodstock located at the positive facility: 4> Broodstock are tested at a minimum of the moderate testing regime; and, c> Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer; and, c:> Viral tests are completed before transfer. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock testing is completed, they must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. · Captive broodstock located at a different facility within the positive watershed: 4> Broodstock are tested at a minimum of the low testing regime; and, c:> Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer. c> Gametes or eggs can be transferred to another watershed before the test results are completed. Minimum transfer requirements during the first spawning cycle (Year 1) following a positive detection: · Minimum required adult testing regimes: C:>The specific broodstock that tested positive for lliNV or IPNV in the previous spawn cycle (Year 0) is tested at the high testing regime; C:>Captive broodstocks are tested at a minimum of the low testing regime; c> All other broodstocks are tested at a minimum of the moderate testing regime; c> All test results are negative; and, · Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water if they are to be transferred to a negative watershed. Eggs can be incubated on surlace water if they are to be transferred to a watershed that has a positive history for the pathogen detected. · Transfers prior to completion of test results: c:> Captive broodstock: Gametes or eggs can be transferred before the test results are completed. c:> All other broodstocks: Viral test results must be completed before transfer. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock test results are completed, they must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. Minimum transfer requirements during the second and third spawning cycles (Years 2 & 3) following a positive detection: · Minimum adult testing re~ime requirements: ~ All free-ranging broodstock are tested at a minimum of the moderate testing regime (including the broodstock that tested positive in Year 0), and, c:> All captive broodstock are tested at a minimum of the low testing regime. · No change in requirements from Year 1 for incubation water type or In transferring the gametes or eggs prior to completion of the test results. 11 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.3.3.6. Transfer requirements for gametes or eggs from all broodstocks within watersheds in which PNW VHSV has been detected in the current spawning cycle: Minimum transfer requirements during the current spawning cycle in which PNW VHSV is detected: Gametes or eggs from parents that test positive for PNW VHSV or from untested parents from a positive broodstock can not be transferred outside their original watershed unless they go to an approved quarantine facility. Transfers of such eggs within a watershed will not be restricted under this policy unless they are to be transferred above an anadromous barrier. In.these cases, the transfer will not proceed until consensus is reached between the relevant Co-Managers. Gametes or eggs from negative parents of a positive broodstock can still be transferred to another watershed if the following requirements are met: · Parents of the gametes or eggs to be transferred are tested at the high testing regime (Broodstock culling is allowed within a single days egg take if protocols have been pre-approved by the relevant Co-Managers); and, · Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer; and, · Viral test results are completed before transfer. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock test results are completed, the resulting fertilized eggs must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. Gametes or eggs from other broodstocks within the positive watershed can still be transferred to another watershed provided the following requirements are met: · Minimum required adult testing regime: C>Captive broodstocks are tested at a minimum of the low testing regime, and, c:> Free-ranging broodstocks are tested at a minimum of the moderate testing regime; and, · Eggs are incubated on regulated pathogen-free water until transfer, ~d, · Transfers prior to completion of test results: c::> Captive broodstock: Gametes or eggs can be transferred before the test results are completed. c> All other broodstocks: Viral test results must be completed before transfer. If gametes or eggs are transferred before the parental broodstock test results are completed, the resulting fertilized eggs must be held in quarantine at the receiving hatchery. Additional fish testing requirements during the spawning cycle in which PNW VHSV is detected in an adult: · Immediate testing of all juvenile stocks that are on surface water at the positive facility at the 2% APPL. · Subsequent testing of progeny from the positive broodstock at swim-up at the 2 % APPL. 12 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 Transfer requirements infuture spawning cycles: If progeny ~om the positive broodstock and all juvenile stocks on surface water at the site at the time of the detection are tested at the 2 % APPL and found to be negative for PNW VHSV, then the increased transfer restrictions will end after that spawning cycle (see definitions). A detection of PNW VHSV in juvenile fish will require an immediate halt to transfers out of the affected watershed of gametes, eggs and fish that have been exposed to surface water, extension of the above restrictions for three additional years, and the convening of an emergency meeting of the Co-Managers and Co- Operators to determine further actions. 13 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.4. Fish Transfer Requirements Co- Managers and Co-Operators will manage the fish health risks posed by fish transfers by restricting their transfers between both watersheds and Fish Health Management Zones (FHMZs). A FHMZ is a geographic area containing one or more adjacent watersheds within which the transfer of live fish that have been reared on surface water is controlled for fish health management purposes. See Appendix 8.3 for a complete list of watersheds and FHMZs in Washington. The restrictions are less if fish are transferred to a watershed within their FHMZ than if they are transferred to a watershed outside of their FHMZ. Restrictions are based on the following factors: · The regulated pathogen status of the stock and the originating watershed (positive vs. negative). · The regulated pathogen that is detected (lliNV, IPNV, PNW VHSV, or M. cerebralis). · The water supply type (regulated pathogen-free vs. surlace water). · The susceptibility of the species to be transferred to regulated pathogens (Appendix 8.2). 2.4.4.1. Minimum requirements that apply to allfish transfers: · The Fish Health Inspector from the sending facility must provide the receiving Co- Managers and Co-Operators and their Fish Health Inspectors a summary of all findings of reportable and regulated fish pathogens, epidemics, and diagnostic cases experienced by this lot at least five (5) working days prior to the transfer. · A new detection of a reportable pathogen in a stock. to be transferred to another watershed will require both the sending and receiving Fish Health Inspectors to provide the relevant Co-Managers and Co-Operators with a brief written assessment of the risk posed by the transfer at least five (5) working days prior to the transfer (Appendix 8.5). For the purposes of this policy, a "new" detection is any reportable pathogen that has not been detected in a stock within the past three successive spawning cycles. · Fish lots that meet any of the following criteria will not be allowed to be transferred between watersheds: (1) Fish lots that are experiencing an epidemic at the time of the proposed transfer, (2) Fish lots that have had a positive detection of a regulated pathogen, and (3) Fish lots that have been reared on surlace water in one of the listed lliNV endemic watersheds (Skagit River, Quinault River, Lake Washington Basin, and Lake Ozette Basin). · Fish can be transferred to an approved quarantine facility (see definitions in Appendix 8.1) at any time regardless of their pathogen status provided the necessary notifications have occurred with the relevant Co-Managers or Co-Operators. Fish that are held in quarantine can be returned to their original watersheds if they are not exposed to any new regulated or reportable pathogens. 14 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.4.2. Transfer Requirements For The Following Four Transfer .Types: · Transfers of fish that have been reared full term on regulated pathogen-free water and in isolation (Section 2.4.4.2.1) · Transfers offish reared on surface water within the same FHMZ (Section 2.4.4.2.2) · Transfers offish between FHMZs (Section 2.4.4.2.3) · Transfers offish from fresh to saltwater (Section 2.4.4.2.4) · Transfers of fish from salt to freshwater (Section 2.4.4.2.5) 2.4.4.2.1. Transfers of fish that have been reared their entire life in isolation on regulated pathogen-free water: Fish reared their entire life in isolation on regulated pathogen-free water can be transferred to any waters (either fresh or saltwater) within Washington State provided the following conditions are met: · All of the Gamete and Egg Transfer Requirements have been met in Section 2.4.3; and, · All of the testing requirements for regulated pathogen-free water have been met (see regulated pathogen-free water definition in Appendix 8.1); and, · There has not been a detection of a regulated pathogen in the fish lot. 2.4.4.2.2. Transfers of fish that have been reared on surface water within the same FHMZ: Fish transfers within a watershed: Fish transfers within a watershed will not be restricted by this policy. They will be done at the discretion of the relevant Co-Managers and Co-Operators in that watershed. Transfers of fish from a watershed with an established negative history for regulated pathogens (see definitions in Appendix 8.1 ): Fish from a watershed with an established negative history for regulated pathogens can be transferred to any watershed within the same FHMZ provided the following conditions are met: · Either the lot to be transferred or a representative index group (RIG) on site is screened and found negative for regulated viral pathogens at the 5% APPL no longer than eight (8) weeks prior to transfer; and, · The water supply the lot is reared on is tested for the presence of M. cerebralis at least once every three years as per the requirement listed in 2.1.2; and, · A fish health exam is conducted on the lot to be transferred by a fish health inspector within four (4) weeks of the transfer. 15 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 Transfers offish from a watershed with a positive history for regulated pathogens: Fish from a watershed with a positive history for regulated pathogens can not be transferred to another watershed within the FHMZ for the following time periods: · Three (3) successive spawning cycles following the detection of lliNV, IPNV, and M. cerebralis; and, · The current spawning cycle for detections of N. A. VHSV if it is in adult broodstock or three (3) successive spawning cycles following its detection in juvenile fish. 2.4.4.2.3. Transfers offish between FHMZs: · The only fish that will be allowed to be transfen.ed between FHMZs are fish that have been reared full term on regulated pathogen-free water and held in isolation. Transfers can proceed without any additional requirements provided they met the transfer requirements as eggs and they have not had any detections of regulated pathogens. · Fish reared on surlace water can not be transferred to a watershed in a different FHMZ. 2.4.4.2.4. Transfers of fish from fresh to saltwater: · Fish reared on sutface water in a watershed with a negative history of regulated pathogens can be transferred to saltwater rearing containers without any additional testing requirements. · Fish reared on surlace water in a watershed with a positive history for regulated pathogens (including progeny from positive broodstock) can be transferred to saltwater rearing containers/netpens or released directly into saltwater provided they are tested at the 5% APPL no longer than eight (8) weeks prior to the transfer and found negative for the pathogen. 2.4.4.2.5. Transfers of fish from salt to freshwater: · Captive broodstock that have not had detections of regulated pathogens can be transferred from saltwater back to their watershed of origin. 16 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.5. Carcass Transfer Requirements The deliberate distribution of adult salmonid carcasses into watersheds for the purpose of nutrient enhancement can pose fish health risks if not properly managed. Disease organisms present in salmon carcasses can be transmitted to other salmonids following the release of these organisms into water or through their direct consumption. The Co- Managers will manage the fish health risk posed by carcass transfers by restricting their transfers within and between watersheds. Factors that will be taken into consideration in determining the restrictions include: · The pathogen status of the broodstock and the watershed (current and historical). · The regulated pathogen of concern (IHNV, IPNV, PNW VHSV, or M. cerebralis). · The susceptibility of the species to be transferred to a regulated pathogen (Appendix 8.2) . 2.4.5.1. Minimum requirements for broodstock used for nutrient enhancement purposes: · The broodstock must have survived to spawn or have been killed as excess broods tack; and, · The broodstock must have met the required withdrawal time (e.g. as required by the FDA or prescribing veterinarian) if it received any antibiotic injections. · All pre-spawning mortalities (including their eggs) and adults that have not met the required withdrawal time (e.g. as required by the FDA or prescribing veterinarian) can not be used for nutrient enhancement purposes and must be disposed of in a way that prevents pathogens from getting back into State waters. Acceptable disposal methods include, but are not limited to, burial, composting, or rendering. · A new detection of a reportable pathogen in a broodstock that is to be transferred to another watershed will require both the sending and receiving Fish Health Inspectors to provide the relevant Co-Managers and Co-Operators with a brief written assessment of the risk posed by the transfer at least five (5) working days prior to the transfer (Appendix 8.5). For the purposes of this policy, a "new" detection is any reportable pathogen that has not been detected in a stock within the past three successive spawning cycles. 2.4.5.2. Transfer requirements for the following four transfer types: · Transfers of carcasses within their original watershed (Section 2.4.5.2.1) · Transfers of carcasses between watersheds within the same FHMZ (Section 2.4.5.2.2 ) · Transfers of carcasses between FHMZs (Section 2.4.5.2.3) · Transfers of pasteurized fish products (analogs) between watersheds (Section 2.4.5.2.4 ) 17 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.4.5.2.1. Requirements for transferrint! carcasses within their original watershed Adult carcasses can be transferred or planted within their original watershed provided the following conditions are met: · Fish Health Notification Requirement: c> There is no fish health requirement to notify relevant Co-Managers of transfers or plants of adults carcasses below anadromous fish barriers within the watershed they return to provided no regulated viral pathogens are detected in that stock. c> Transfers or plants of carcasses above anadromous barriers within the watershed they return to does require prior approval of all relevant co- managers. Co-Managers and Co-Operators must submit proposed transfer requests to relevant Co-Managers for review and approval at least ten (10) working days prior to the transfer. · Testing requirement: Broodstock must be tested at a minimum of the low testing regime. · Transfer options before the test results are completed: Transfers can proceed only to those areas within the watershed that are below anadromous fish barriers. · Transfer options after the test results are completed and found to be negative: Transfers can proceed anywhere within the watershed except to areas that are designated as a regulated pathogen-free water source. In this case, all relevant Co- Managers must approve the carcass plants before they can proceed. · Transfer restrictions if broodstock test positive for a regulated pathogen: All carcass transfers must be stopped if a regulated endemic pathogen is detected in the broodstock and not resumed until all relevant Co- Managers reach consensus on a plan that provides adequate protection for both free-ranging and cultured fish populations within the watershed. If the watershed is historically positive for a regulated pathogen, a plan can be agreed to before the spawning season occurs. In either case, if carcass planting is resumed, transfers can proceed only to those areas within the watershed that are below anadromous fish barriers unless the area has already been identified as being positive for the regulated pathogen. 2.4.5.2.2. Requirements for transfers of carcasses between watersheds within the same FHMZ: Adult carcasses can be transferred between two watersheds within the same FHMZ provided the watershed of origin has an established negative history for regulated pathogens (see definitions in Appendix 8.1). Specific conditions that must be met are as follows: · Notification Requirement: All proposed transfers of adult carcasses between watersheds must go through a Co-Manager review and approval process. Anyone wishing to transfers carcasses must submit their proposed transfer requests to relevant Co-Managers for review and approval at least ten (10) working days prior to the transfer. · Testing Requirements: Free-ranging broodstock must be tested at a minimum of the moderate testing regime for regulated viral pathogens. Testing for M. cerebralis must have occurred as per the requirements listed in Section 2.1.2. 18 Salmonid Disease Control Policy ~ Revised July 2006 · Transfer Restrictions: Transfers can not proceed until the test results are completed and are negative. · Carcass Treatment: All carcasses must be treated in a way to reduce the overall pathogen load prior to their transfer. Acceptable methods include freezing at -200 F, heating to 860 F for three (3) hours, or eviscerating which includes removing the kidneys and beheading the carcasses (Guttenberger et. al. 2001). 2.4.5.2.3. Requirements for transfers of carcasses between FHMZs: The transfer of carcasses between watersheds in different FHMZs is not allowed due to the high fish health risk. 2.4.5.2.4. Requirements for transfers of pasteurized fish products within and between watersheds: The use of pasteurized fish products (analogs) to enhance nutrients in a watershed provides an alternative to the use of untreated salmon carcasses that eliminates the fish health risks. This alternative should be considered wherever possible especially in sensitive areas such as above anadromous barriers. Analogs products that have been determined to be pathogen-free by the Co-Managers' fish health staffs can be transferred to any watershed within Washington State. 2.4.6. Water Transfer Requirements The transfer of surface water from one watershed to another can result in the introduction of fish pathogens into the receiving watershed. Factors that affect the level of risk include (1) the pathogen history of the sending watershed, (2) the susceptibility of the species in the receiving watershed to the pathogens, and (3) the volume of water being transferred. Due to the fish health risks associated with the transfer of untreated surfa<;;e water between watersheds, the Co- Managers strongly recommend the use of regulated pathogen-free water if a water transfer has to occur between watersheds. There are no restrictions for the transfer of regulated pathogen-free water between watersheds. However, if this is not possible, the following minimum requirements must be met for the transfer of surface water between watersheds: · The sending watershed must have an established negative history for all regulated pathogens; and, · The transfer can only be to another watershed within the same FHMZ (Appendix 8.3). 19 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 2.5. SITE-SPECIFIC CONTAINMENT PLANS FOR PATHOGENS OF CONCERN All Co-Manager and Co-Operator operated facilities will be required to have a management plan on file that describes containment actions that will be taken in the event that a regulated exotic pathogen or a previously undescribed pathogen that is causing significant biological loss is detected on site. Management plans will be reviewed every five (5) years and should contain the following elements: · Process of notifying required Co-Managers and other regulatory authorities of the pathogen detection. · Establishment of a pathogen containment area including containment and/or disinfection procedures to prevent the movement of infected stock, equipment and contaminated materials out of the areas affected by the pathogen. · Containment of, or disinfection procedures for, the contaminated culture water from the affected stock. · Disposal procedures for dead eggs/fish. · Destruction of the infected stocks, if required. 3. COMMUNICA TIONS AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 3.1. Presumed or confirmed identification of a regulated exotic pathogen or any new fish pathogen that is causing significant biological loss in Washington State requires implementation of the Site Specific Pathogen Containment Plans (Section 2.5) and the immediate notification of the Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staffs. This notification will be followed by an emergency meeting of the Co-Managers to discuss further management actions required to contain the pathogen. I 3.2. Presumed and confirmed identifications of a regulated endemic pathogen within any stock andlor site will require notification of Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staffs, in writing, within two (2) working days to allow for increased sampling or other control measures at facilities within the affected area. 3.3. "New" identifications of any reportable pathogen will require written notification of the Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staffs within five (5) working days. This notification should highlight all planned transfers of this stock. A "new" identification is any reportable pathogen that has not been detected in a stock within the past three (3) successive spawning cycles. 3.4. Epidemics that are due to undetermined cause(s) will require written notification to all of the relevant Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staffs within ten (10) working days after the attending Fish Health Inspector is notified of the loss. 3.5. Annual meetings will occur between the Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staffs to ensure good communications. The meetings will be hosted by WDPW on the odd years and NWIFC on the even years. 20 J..')almonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 3.6. The Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' fish health staff must provide each other with a three (3) year history of regulated and reportable pathogens at each of their facilities by March 1 st of each year. 4. TECHNICAL PROCEDURES 4.1. The minimum procedures for inspection will be those described in the current edition of the AFS FHS BlueBook (AFS-FHS 2004 or current edition) or USFWS Title 50 (Code of Federal Regulations, 50 CFR 16.13). 4.2. Co-Managers or Co-Operators may utilize other procedures by mutual agreement when appropriate. 5. MONITORING AND EV ALVA TION It is the intent of the Co-Managers to annually evaluate the effectiveness of this policy in achieving the policy goals listed in Section 1.2. The Co-Managers' fish health staffs will facilitate this process by producing an annual report to the signatories of this SaImonid Disease Control Policy a~ the start of each spawning cycle (July 1) tpat will contain the following information: · The number of juvenile and adult stocks that were tested for regulated pathogens in the previous spawning cycle. · The number of stocks that tested positive for a regulated pathogen by pathogen type, location, the species and stage of the host that the detection occurred in, and whether it was associated with disease. · The number of regulated pathogen detections that occurred in watersheds or fish stocks that previously had a negative history for regulated pathogens. · The suspected sources of the infections. · Whether the positive species were transferred as eggs or fish. 6. AMENDMENT AND EXEMPTION PROCESS 6.1. AMENDMENT PROCESS The Co-Managers acknowledge that changes will need to be made to this document periodically to reflect new developments in fish health. To address this need, they have agreed to the following process for any future amendments: All proposed changes will be initially developed and agreed to by Co-Managers' fish health representatives. The draft changes will then be distributed in writing to all signatory Co- Managers for a minimum of a thirty (30) day review period. All agreed upon changes will be incorporated into a final version and re-distributed to Co-Managers for their approval and signature. Any amendments to the policy will not be final until all of the participating Co-Managers have signed off on the changes and received a final copy of the Salmonid Disease Control Policy. 21 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 6.2. EXEMPTION PROCESS Any Co-Manager or Co-Operator requesting an exemption to the Salmonid Disease Control Policy must notify all signatory parties in writing of their intentions and an explanation at least ten (10) working days prior to the action. An exemption is granted if there has not been any written fish health objections submitted by any of the signatory Co-Managers. If there is an objection that cannot be resolved, the procedure for dispute resolution established for the area, i.e. Puget Sound Management Plan or the Columbia River Management Plan will be followed. 7. REFERENCES AFS-FHS (American Fisheries Society - Fish Health Section). 2004. FHS blue book: Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. 2004 edition. AFS-FHS, Bethasda, Maryland. Amend, D .F. and J. R. Nelson. 1977 . Variation in the susceptibility of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka to infectious haemopoietic necrosis virus. J ourna! of Fisheries Biology 11: 567-573. Amend, D.F. and J.P. Pietsch. 1972. Virucidal activity of two iodophors to salmonids viruses. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29 :61-65. Goldes, S .A. and S.L. Mead. 1995. Efficacy of iodophor disinfection against surface-associated Infectious Hematopoetic Necrosis Virus. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 57:26-29. Groberg, W.J. 1990. Water-Hardening salmonjds eggs in iodophor. Informational Report #2. Pacific Northwest Fish Health Protection Committee. Gutenberger, S.K., T. London, and E. Pelton. 2001. Treatments to reduce pathogen transmission when carcasses are used for nutrient restoration. In: Proceedings of the AFS Fish Health Section 2001 Annual Meeting, June 26-29. 2001. Victoria, British Columbia. Lee, E.G-H, and Evelyn, T.P.T., 1994. Prevention of vertical transmission of the bacterial kidney disease agent Renibacterium salmoninarum by broodstock injection with erythromycin. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18: 1-4. MacConnell, E., 2004. Whirling Disease of Salmonids. In AFS-FH~ (American Fisheries Society) FHS blue book: Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. 2004 edition. AFS-FHS, Bethasda, Maryland. Meyers, T.R. et.al., 2003. Retrospective Analysis of Antigen Prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) Detected by Enzyme- Linked lmmunosorbent Assay in Alaskan Pacific Salmon and Trout from 1988 to 2000 and Management of R.s. in Hatchery Chinook and Coho Salmon. J. of Aquat. Animal Health. 15:101-110. 22 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 Ossiander, F. J. and G. A. Wedemeyer, 1973. Computer program for sample size required to determine incidence in fish populations. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 30: 1383~ 1384. Pacific Northwest Fish Health Protection Committee. 1989 or current edition. Model Comprehensive Fish Health Protection Program. Section VI. Pascho, R.I. and Mulcahy, D. 1987. Enzyme-Linked lmmunosorbent Assay for a Soluble Antigen of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the Causative Agent of Salmonid Bacterial Kidney Disease. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44: 183-191. USfWS and AFS-PHS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and American Fisheries Society- Fish Health Section). 2004. Standard procedures for aquatic animal health inspections. In AFS- PHS. PHS blue book: suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens, 2004 edition. AFS-PHS, Bethasda, Maryland. Wolf, Ken. 1988. Fish viruses and fish viral diseases. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New Yark. Title 50.1993. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 50, Chapter 1, Part 16.13. Pages 91-94. Injurious Wildlife Permit 0 1993. u.s. Code of Federal Regulations, Injurious Wildlife Permits, Chapter 1, Part 16.22. Pages 95-96. 23 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8. APPENDICES 8.1. DISEASE POLICY DEFINITIONS: ASSUMED PATHOGEN PREVALENCE LEVEL (APPL) - The percent of any lot of fish, either 2% or 5%, that is assumed to have a pathogen at a detectable level using tests outlined in the AFS "Fish Health Blue Book" or a test agreed to by the Co-Managers' fish health staffs. This level is used to determine the sample size needed to provide a 95% confidence level of including an infected fish in the sample. BROODSTOCK,: · Captive Broodstock - All adult salmonids which have been reared their entire life in captivity and on regulated pathogen-free water for the purpose of collecting gametes. This includes stocks which are landlocked for their entire life cycle as long as their water supply meets the definition of regulated pathogen free. For the purpose of this policy, all captive broodstock that are reared on surlace water will be considered to be "Free Ranging Broodstock,". - Free-Ranging Broodstock - All adult salmonids collected or captured from the waters of Washington State, for the purpose of collecting gametes, which have spent at least part of their life cycle free-ranging, either in salt or fresh water. Adult fish collected or captured temporarily but released unspent are not considered broodstock. CARCASSES - Dead adult salmonids that either survived to spawn or were killed as excess broodstock. CO-OPERATORS - All government agencies and entities other than the Co-Managers involved in the rearing and transfer of salmonids in Washington State. CO-MANAGERS - Federally recognized Treaty Indian Tribes within Washington State and the State of Washington, Department ofFish and Wildlife (WDFW). CONFIRMED VIRAL IDENTIFICATION - The identification of a replicating viral agent by serum neutralization assay or other confmnatory test agreed to by the Co-Managers. CURRENT BROOD DOCUMENT - The final version of the Future Brood Document that has been reviewed and approved by all Co-Managers and Co-Operators (see Section 2.4.1.1). All egg/fish transfers listed in this document will be approved pending results of their fish health inspection. EGG - Fertilized eggs of salmonids. EGG DISINFECTION - The exposure of water-hardened or eyed eggs to a buffered iodophor solution containing at least 100 ppm active iodine for not less than ten (10) minutes. The minimum ratio of iodophor solution to fertilized eggs (volume to volume) will be one (1) part iodophor solution to one (1) part eggs with no reuse of solution. . EPIDEMIC - The occurrence of an infectious disease which results in an average daily mortality of at least 0.1 % within a specific rearing unit for five (5) consecutive days. 24 Lf)almonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 FISH (LIVE) - Live salmonids from the alevin to the adult stage. FISH HEALTH BLUE BOOK - The most recent edition of the AFS PHS blue book.: suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens (AFS- PHS 2004 or current edition). FISH HEALTH INSPECTOR - An individual who either holds or meets the requirements of one of the following certifications: - American Fisheries Society (AFS) - Fish Health Inspector or Fish Pathologist - Canadian Fish Health Officer - United States Title 50 Inspector (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 50, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 16) FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT ZONE (PHMZ) - A geographic area containing one or more watersheds within which the transfer of live fish is permitted when specific fish health requirements are met. Facilities that have regulated pathogen-free water supplies can be islands within an FHMZ and have less restrictions on fish transfers out of watershed than their surface water counterparts. Fish Health Management Zones are listed in Appendix 8.3. FREE-RANGING - Fish which are free to migrate in a natural environment. FlJTURE BROOD DOCUMENT (FBD) - A draft document consisting of all Co-Managers' and Co-Operators' programs of proposed egg and fish transfers and releases for the coming year. This document is coordinated by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife . GAMETES - Unfertilized eggs and sperm of salmonids. INSPECTION - The collection of a statistically valid sample of fish tissues and/or fluids for examination for regulated pathogens. This is to be perlormed by, or under the supervision of, a Fish Health Inspector. Methods used will be those described in the "Fish Health Blue Book" or others mutually agreed to by Co-Managers' fish health staff. IODOPHOR. WATER-HARDENING EGGS - The exposure of recently fertilized eggs (not more than five [5] minutes post exposure to water) to a buffered iodophor solution containing at least 75 ppm iodine for not less than sixty (60) minutes. The minimum ratio of iodophor solution to eggs (volume to volume) will be one (1) part iodophor solution to one (1) part eggs with no reuse of solution. ISOLATION - The process of keeping a group of eggs or fish physically separated from other groups at the same facility for the purpose of preventing cross contamination with possible pathogens. This is accomplished by incubating/rearing in separate containers with no reuse of each others' incubation/rearing water. A group may consist of an entire lot of fish or be a smaller unit of one lot, such as one day's spawn. Separate equipment for each group is preferable, but reuse of equipment is acceptable if it is adequately disinfected between isolation units. 25 J..')almonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 LANDLOCKED - Fish in a system that has a barrier preventing passage of all anadromous fish or other fish which have come into contact with anadromous fish. LOT OF FISH - A group of fish of the same species and age that originated from the same discrete spawning population and that have always shared a common water supply. In the case of adult broodstock, various age groups may comprise the same "lot" provided they are of the same species and have shared the same water supply while brood fish. NEGATIVE HISTORY FOR REGULATED ENDEMIC PATHOGENS - · BROODSTOCK,: A negative history is established for a specific broodstock if it has been tested for regulated endemic viral pathogens at a minimum of the low testing regime in the past three consecutive spawning cycles and found negative for lliNV and IPNV and tested and found negative for PNW VHSV in the current spawning cycle. · WATERSHED: A negative history for a watershed is established if the following regulated pathogens have not been detected in any free-ranging or cultured stocks: lliNV, IPNV, or M. cerebralis in the past three consecutive spawning cycles, and PNW VHSV within the current" spawning cycle. A detection of PNW VHSV or M. cerebralis in juvenile fish will extend this time frame to three consecutive spawning cycleso To establish a negative watershed history, all broodstocks that are spawned at all Co-Manager or Co-Operator facilities must be screened for regulated endemic viral pathogens at a minimum of the low testing regime during this time. If a facility does not hold any broodstock, this requirement will be established by testing the most susceptible species on site for regulated endemic viral pathogens at the 5% APPL annually (see Appendix 8.2). In addition, M. cerebralis must be screened for every three spawning cycles as per the surveillance requirements in Section 2.1.2. PRESUMPTIVE VIRAL IDENTIFICATION - The detection of a replicating agent in cell cultures inoculated with fish tissues or fluids. Presumptive identification is made when cytopathic effect (CPE) is replicated in cell culture. QU ARANTINE - Keeping a group of eggs or fish in isolation as defined above with the following restriction: effluent from eggs or fish in quarantine will be disinfected with a residual level of at least 2 ppm chlorine for a minimum of ten (10) Ininutes of contact time or by other methods acceptable to relevant Co-Managers. QUARANT.INE FACILITY - A facility which holds eggs or fish in quarantine for a specific amount of time. All quarantine facilities must be reviewed and approved by WDPW in writing prior to operation. Prior to approving any new facility, WDPW will provide the relevant Co- Managers' fish health staffs five (5) working days to review and comment on the proposed plans. REGULATED PATHOGEN-FREE WATER - Water which is free of regulated fish pathogen(s). This includes the following: 1. Ground water or untreated surface water which has been demonstrated to be fish-free; Of, 2. Surface water containing fish which has been treated in a manner sufficient to destroy all of the regulated pathogens; or, 26 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 3. Untreated surface water containing fish, but only if the following criteria are met: · All fish present in the surlace water are landlocked; and, · A three (3) year negative history for all regulated pathogens has been established for that water supply. To establish a negative history for regulated viral pathogens, all of the susceptible captive broodstock on site that are being reared on the water supply must be tested annually for these viral pathogens at the moderate testing regime (Appendix 9.4) and found negative for three successive spawning cycles. If no susceptible broodstocks are present, then the most susceptible juvenile stock (free-ranging or cultured) that has been reared on this water can be substituted (Appendix 8.2). To establish a negative history for the regulated parasite pathogen, M. cerebralis, the most susceptible species on site or within the watershed that has received adequate exposure to show the infection must be tested annually at the 5% APPL for three consecutive spawning cycles and be negative. Adequate exposure means the fish have been exposed to the surface water supply a minimum of 1800 degree days (Celsius) or six months before testing; and · After a three year negative history has been established, subsequent testing for regulated viral pathogens must occur annually at a minimum of the low testing regime and for M. cerebralis testing must be at least every three spawning cycles at the 5 % APPL; and · All stocks planted into this water supply must have been reared full term on regulated pathogen-free water and have an established negative history for regulated pathogens per this Salmonid Disease Control Policy's requirements. REGlJLATED PATHOGENS - Fish pathogens that are regulateq within Washington and meet all of the following criteria: (1) have the potential to cause significant economic and/or biological losses, (2) are not treatable, (3) have limited range (endemic) or do not exist within Washington (exotic), (4) a repeatable robust means for their detection is recognized, and (5) a statewide surveillance program is in place for the pathogen. Pathogens that are considered regulated are as follows: Regulated Exotic Patho2ens1: · Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) · All viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus strains other than the Pacific Northwest strain (IV a) Regulated Endemic Pathogens: Viral- Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Pacific Northwest strain (IV a) of viral hemon.hagic septicemia virus (PNW VHSV) Parasite - Myxobolus cerebralis 1 There are other serious fish pathogens that are not known to exist in Washington State that are not included in this list because there is not a statewide surveillance program in place for them (e.g. Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus). These pathogens may be added to this category in the future if new information becomes available regarding their distribution. RELEASE - The liberation of captive fish into public waters of Washington State that results in them being free-ranging. 27 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 RELEVANT CO-MANAGERS - WDFW and Treaty Indian Tribes that could experience fish health impacts from gamete, egg, fish, or carcass movements within their area of concern. REPORTABLE PATHOGENS - Fish pathogens that are of general interest and meet the following criteria: (1) have the potential to cause significant biological, or economic loss, (2) thought to have limited geographic range within Washington State, (3) there is limited ability to control, and (4) an accepted detection method exists for these pathogens. Reportable pathogens will be screened for at the discretion of the attending pathologists based on clinical signs. Reportable pathogens include: Viral- All replicating agents other than those listed as regulated pathogens. Bacterial - Piscirickettsia salmonis, Strains of Yersinia ru eke ri and Aeromonas salmonicida that are resistant to oxytetracycline and/or Romet and strains of Flavobacterium psychrophilum that are resistant to oxytetracycline andlor florfenicol. Parasites - Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (PKX) Ceratomyxa shasta Nucleospora salmonis Cryptobia sp. REPRESENTATIVE INDEX GROUP (RIG) -- A lot of fish that is tested for regulated viral pathogens in lieu of the lot to be transferred. Criteria for a RIG are that it must be of equal or greater sensitivity to regulated viral pathogens than the lot that is to be transferred and it must have been exposed to the same water supply for a minimum of two months prior to being tested (see Appendix 8.2.2 for susceptibility table). SANITIZE - The process of eradicating fish pathogens from equipment and transfer vessels. Recommended procedures are outlined in Section 6 of the Pacific Northwest Fish Health Protection Committee's Model Policy (PNFHPC 1989 or current edition). SPAWNING CYCLE - The period of time covering spawning of all salmonids starting with spring chinook and ending with steelhead. One cycle is identified as starting July 1 and ending June 30 of the following year. SURFACE WATER - All open waters containing fish that are not considered to be Regulated Pathogen-Free as defined in this policy. TRANSFER - Any movement of gametes, eggs, live fish, or carcasses into or within Washington State to include any movements between hatcheries, rearing facilities, watersheds, or Fish Health Management Zones. WATER SUPPLY - The spring, well, stream, river, estuary, or other body of water used in the incubation/rearing of eggs or fish. 28 .Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 WATERSHED - Any body of water that meets one of the following three criteria: (1) A geographically distinct river basin that has a separate saltwater entrance; (2) A collection of more than one adjacent river basins that have separate saltwater entrances that the Co-Managers have agreed to manage as one watershed. These basins are combined so that a major basin can support a smaller basin that has little production of its own. If transfers only occur from the major to the smaller basins, and one of the receiving basins has a detection of a regulated or reportable pathogen, that finding will not change the pathogen history of the major basin; or (3) Significant tributaries within a large river basin that the Co-Managers have agreed to manage as an independent watershed for fish health purposes. A list of these watersheds is listed in Appendix 8.3. 29 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8.2. SPECIES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO REGULA TED ENDEMIC PA THOGENS 8.2.1. Table showing species susceptibility to M. cerebralis infection (MacConnell 2004): Partially ResistantJRefractory Intermediate Sensitive Grayling cutthroat trout rainbow trout coho salmon brook trout steelhead salmon bull trout chinook salmon sockeye salmon lake trout Atlantic salmon kokanee salmon chum salmon mountain whitefish - pink salmon Dolly varden 8.2.2. Table comparing the relative susceptibilities of juvenile salmonids to regulated endemic viral pathogens for the purpose of selecting a Representative Index Group to test in lieu of the species that is to be transferred: Refractory or low Moderate susceptibility susceptibility High susceptibility Species Coho salmon chum salmon sockeye salmon pink salmon chinook salmon kokanee steelhead salmon resident trout anadromous cutthroat trout 30 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8.3. WATERSHEDS AND FISII HEALTH MANAGEMENT ZONE TABLE: Fish Health Management Zone Associated smaller Description Watersheds* watersheds** Puget Sound tributaries north of N ooksack R. Swinomish Slough to the Canadian border S amis"h R. including San Juan Islands Whatcom Crk. Skagit watershed Skagit R. Puget Sound tributaries south of and Stillaguamish R. including the Stillaguamish watershed Snohomish R. Tulalip Bay tributaries down to the Lake Washington watershed Lake Washington Lake Washington Deer Cr. (Edmonds) tributaries Tributaries of East Kitsap Peninsula and DuwamishlGreen Puget Sound South of the Lake R. Washington watershed. Puyallup R. Chambers Crk. Nisqually R. Deschutes R. Minter Crk. Coulter Crk. Gravers Crk. Garst Crk. Hood Canal and Port Gamble tributaries Skokomish R. Finch Crk. Dosewallips R. Hamma Hamma R. Quilcene R. Strait of Juan De Fuca tributaries Dungeness R. Salmon Crk. Snow Crk. Elwha R. Hoko R. Tributaries south of Cape Flattery down Ozette R. to and including the Ozette watershed Sooes R. Quillayute watershed Quillayute R. Hoh Watershed Hoh R. Queets and Quinault Queets R. Quinault R. .- Grays Harbor Humptulips R. Chehalis R. Willapa Bay North R. N emah R. Willapa R. 31 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 N aselle R. Columbia River Columbia R. main Includes all tributaries stem up to Chief of the Columbia River Joseph Dam (except the Yakima R.) from the mouth up to Chief Joseph Dam. l.Jpper Columbia R. Above Chief Joseph Dam Yakima R. To confluence with the Columbia R. * Unless otherwise noted above, a watershed will be considered to be any geographically distinct river basin that has a separate saltwater entrance. ** For the purpose of the Salmonid Disease Control Policy, these bodies of waters will be treated as part of the larger watershed. If transfers only occur from the major basin, and the receiving smaller basin has a detection of a regulated pathogen, that finding will not change the pathogen history of the major basin. 32 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8.4. TESTING REGIl\1ES 8.4.1. Adult Testing Levels1: · Low Testing Regime: Requires testing both the kidney/spleen tissue and ovarian fluid from the broodstock at the 5% APPL. Samples can be taken from either males or females on a single spawn date. · Moderate Testing Regime: Requires testing ovarian fluid from the female portion of the broodstock at the 2% APPL and kidney/spleen tissue from either sex at the 5% APPL. Samples must be collected on at least two separate spawn dates that are separated by at least one week if there is more than one spawn date. · High Testing Regime]: Requires testing ovarian fluid from 100% of the females whose eggs are to be transferred and kidney/spleen tissue at the 2% APPL level from either sex. If there is a positive history of IPNV (detected within the past three spawning cycles) in the originating watershed, then the high testing regime will require testing kidney/spleen tissues from all of the parents (both male and female) whose eggs are to be transferred and ovarian fluid samples at the 5% APPL. 1 Note: If milt is the only gamete that is to be transferred from a broodstock to another watershed, then an alternative testing regime to that described above for the parental broodstock population is to test kidney/spleen tissue from 100% of the male parents. 33 Salnwnid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8.4.2. Sampling Table based on the Assumed Pathogen Prevalence Level (APPL) (Ossiander and Wedemeyer 1973): APPL = ~ APPL = ~ Lot Size SamDle Lot Size Samote Lot Size Samole Lot Size Samole under 50 1 000/0 160 97 30 25 70 41 50 50 170 99 32 26 80 42 52 51 180 101 34 27 85 43 54 52 190 103 36 28 90 44 56 53 200 104 38 29 100 45 58 55 250 112 40 30 120 47 fo-----,., 60 56 300 117 42 31 125 48 "- 65 59 400 125 44 32 150 49 70 62 500 130 46 33 160 50 75 65 550 132 48 34 200 51 --, 80 68 600 134 50 35 250 52 85 70 700 136 52 35 300 53 90 73 800 138 54 36 400 54 95 75 900 139 56 37 500 55 100 77 1 ,000 140 58 38 800 56 T. 120 85 1 ,500 140 60 39 1 ,000 56 125 86 2,000 145 65 40 ;:::2,000 60 140 91 1 0,000 145 145 93 ~1 00,000 150 150 95 10.---, 34 Salmonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8.5. RISK ASSESSMENT FORMAT A new detection of a reportable pathogen in a stock to be transferred to another watershed requires the sending and receiving Fish Health Inspectors to provide the relevant Co-Managers with a brief written assessment of the risk posed by the transfer. For the purposes of this Salmonid Disease Control Policy, a "new" detection is any reportable pathogen that has not been detected in a stock within the past three consecutive spawning cycles. The risk assessment should address the following two questions: · How likely is it that the proposed transfer of gametes, fertilized eggs, live fish, or carcasses will result in the introduction and establishment of the reportable pathogen in the receiving watershed? and, · What would be the consequences to cultured and free-ranging fish populations in the receiving watershed if the pathogen did become established? The suggested, but not required, format to follow in completing the risk assessment posed by a proposed transfer includes a two step process: Hazard Identification Step (The description of the reportable pathogen that could be introduced by the proposed action.) · Identification of the reportable pathogen that could be introduced to the receiving watershed by the stock to be transferred. · Impact the pathogen has had in the stock (pathogen prevalence in population, severity, and overall mortality. · Measures that have been implemented such as treatments to control the infection/disease. · What is known about the presence of the pathogen in the receiving hatchery and watershed. Risk Assessment Step: (The evaluation of the likelihood and consequences associated with the introduction and establishment of a reportable pathogen from the proposed transfer) · Release Assessment: The likelihood that the proposed transfer will introduce or release the reportable pathogen into the receiving watershed. · Exposure Assessment: The likelihood that susceptible organisms/stocks in the receiving watershed will be exposed to the reportable pathogen and of the spread or establishment of the pathogen in the watershed. · Consequence Assessment: Description of possible consequences of exposure to the reportable pathogen ranging from no effect to adverse and possibly irreversible consequences to the receiving watershed. · Risk Estimation: Estimation of the risk that the pathogen will be released and become established in the receiving watershed and cause negative consequences to cultured or wild fish. 35 /..'}almonid Disease Control Policy - Revised July 2006 8.6. SPECIFIC PATHOGEN CONTROL PLANS Specific Pathogen Control Plans (SPCPs) are strategies that have proven to be effective at reducing the severity of serious diseases in cultured fish populations that are caused by fish pathogens that may, or may not, have widespread distribution in Washington State. They are intended to address the following policy goals: · To reduce the biological impact of specific pathogens known to adversely impact salmonids; and, · To minimize the amplification of pathogens resulting from management activities that can adversely affect both free-ranging and cultured fish populations. The SPCPs are recommended to be implemented on high risk fish stocks but are not required. The decision to implement these plans will be made by the relevant Co-Managers and Co- Operators. As new plans are developed, they will be added to the policy. 8.6.1. Bacterial Kidney Disease Control Plan 8.6.1.1.Background: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), is known to cause significant disease, mortality, and reduced productivity in several species of salmonids. The pathogen is especially prevalent in certain species and stocks of fish collected, transported, and reared within facilities in the Washington State. It is known to be vertically transmitted from the adult female to her eggs and horizontally transmitted from fish to fish. Although various antibiotic treatments are utilized to help control expression and mortality, many of these treatments have failed to contain the disease. In addition, antibiotics that are used to control BKD are not currently registered for use on fish and are only available through a specific Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) permit or veterinary prescription. Although this pathogen is not regulated or reportable within the context of this policy, the following plan is strongly recommended and endorsed by the Co-Managers of the State of Washington. 8.6.1.2.Determination of Application of Control Measures: The receiving Co-Manager or Co-Operator working closely with their fish health staff will be responsible for determining when to invoke the following control measures for those affected stocks. Species that may benefit the most from the control measures include, but are not limited to, spring Chinook and sockeye salmon. 8.6.1.3.Specific Control Plan: · The recommended control strategy focuses on reducing levels of BKD in adult females and screening all female parents for the soluble antigen produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (Pascho and Mulcahy 1987). · It is recommended that all females that are to be spawned are injected with an appropriate erythromycin compound (Rogers et al. 2002). Injections should be within 10 - 30 days prior to spawn with 12-20 mg/kg fish weight. Additional prior injections can be done at approximately 30 day intervals (Lee and Evelyn 1994). Known acceptable injection sites are the anterior dorsal sinus and intraperitoneally posterior to the pelvic fin. 36 I.~almonid Disease Control Policy -.- Revised July 2006 · At spawning, kidneys from all female parents are to be individually sampled and tested for the soluble antigen using the approved ELISA-BKD procedure in the AFS PHS Blue Book (AFS-FHS 2004 or current edition). · Segregate fertilized eggs/fish based upon the optical density (OD) profiles of their female parent (Meyers et al. 2003). Fertilized eggs/progeny from parents that exceed one of the following two recommended criteria should not be used for yearling programs or be transferred to another facility: c:> Fertilized eggs/progeny from females with an 00 equal to, or greater than, 0.12; or, ~ Fertilized eggs/progeny from females with OD equal to or greater than, 5 logz OD units above reagent blanks. · In cases of imperiled or extremely high priority stocks, progeny from parents with ODs higher than those mentioned above may be used for sub yearling releases within the originating watershed or used in special yearling release situations. In those cases, the fish stock should be reared under low stress culture conditions, monitored frequently for BKD signs, and treated with antibiotics to minimize the impact ofBKD. 37