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HomeMy WebLinkAbout_Oct2008_Final SRP_102008JEFFERSON COUNTY SHORELINE MASTER PROGRAM UPDATE PROJECT ECOLOGY GRANT #G0600343 Final Shoreline Restoration Plan October 2008 Prepared by: ESA Adolfson in association with Searun Consulting LaRoche+Associates Coastal Geologic Services Prepared for: Jefferson County Department of Community Development Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Cover Photo: Chimacum Beach Restoration, by Al Latham. October 2008 Page i Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan ACRONYMS ALEA Aquatic Lands Enhancement Account BMPs best management practices Cfs cubic feet per second CD Conservation District DNR Wahington Department of Natural Resources Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology ESA Endangered Species Act ESU Evolutionary Significant Unit FWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service GIS Geographic Information Systems LWD large woody debris MHHW Mean Higher High Water MHT Mean High Tide MRC Jefferson County Marine Resources Committee NGO Non-governmenta1organization NOCS North Olympic Salmon Commission NRC Nodal Riparian Corridor NRCA Natural Resource Conservation Area NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service OHWM Ordinary High Water Mark ONF Olympic National Forest ONP Olympic National Park PNPTC Point No Point Treaty Council PSAT Puget Sound Action Team October 2008 Page 1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan PSNERP Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project PSP Puget Sound Partnership PUD Public Utility District RCW Revised Code of Washington RM river mile SASSI Salmon and Steelhead Inventory SCSCI Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative SSHEAR Salmonid Screening, Habitat Enhancement and Restoration Section SMA Washington State Shoreline Management Act (RCW 90.58) SMP Shoreline Master Program SWS Society of Wetland Scientists SPAC Shoreline Policy Advisory Committee STAC Shoreline Technical Advisory Committee SICR Shoreline Inventory and Characterization Report TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFS U.S. Forest Service USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey WAC Washington Administrative Code WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WDOH Washington Department of Health WRIA Water Resource Inventory Area WSU Washington State University Page 2 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was prepared with guidance from a Shoreline Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) and Shoreline Policy Advisory Committee (SPAC). The County gratefully acknowledges the committee members for contributing to this effort. STAC Members: SPAC Members: Hans Daubenberger Hugh Shipman, Jeffree Stewart Jill Silver Jim Brennan John Cambalik Marty Ereth Michael Adams (alt. Anne Murphy) Peter Bahls (Jude Rubin) Peter Best Randi Thurston (alt. Jeff Davis) Richard Brocksmith (alt. Scott Brewer) Stephen Stanley (alt. Susan Grigsby) Steve Allison Steve Todd Yvonne Dettlaff Al Bergstein (alt. Cyrilla Cook) Al Latham Aleta Erickson (alt. Randy Johnson) Bill Mahler (alt. Bill Brock) Bill Miller Connie Muggli David Roberts (alt. Hugo Flores) Dick Broders Eveleen Muehlethaler (alt. Frank Espy/Alice McConaughy) Hans Daubenberger (alt. Steve Todd) Jeffree Stewart Jerry Gorsline John Cambalik Johnathon Ciesla Judy Surber Karen Best (alt. Kevin Tuuri) Keith Dublanica Larry Crockett (alt Eric Toewes) Margie Shirato (alt. Randi Thurston/Jeff Davis) Marty Ereth Mike McHenry Peter Downey Ross Goodwin Sarah Krueger (alt. Reed Waite) Scott Brewer (alt Richard Brocksmith) Steve Allison (alt. Bob Howell/Tim Snowden) The County also gratefully acknowledges the following staff from Ecology and the Battelle Marine Science Laboratory for their contributions to this effort: • Battelle’s Marine Sciences Laboratory - Heida Diefenderfer and her colleagues for providing detailed information on the ecology of the nearshore environment as part of their effort to rank and prioritize nearshore restoration opportunities. • Ecology - Stephen Stanley, Susan Grigsby for contributing information, maps, and data and providing technical guidance in assessing and characterizing watershed conditions in eastern Jefferson County. October 2008 Page 3 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Plan Purpose and Scope.............................................................................................................1-1 1.1.1 Format and Content – How to Use this Plan......................................................................................1-2 1.2 Defining Restoration..................................................................................................................1-3 1.2.1 Difference between Restoration and Protection.................................................................................1-3 1.2.2 No Net Loss and Restoration.............................................................................................................1-5 1.3 Need for Additional Study and Feasibility Assessment.............................................................1-6 1.3.1 Role of the Marine Resources Committee (MRC).............................................................................1-6 1.3.2 Data Gaps..........................................................................................................................................1-6 2.0 RESTORATION VISION AND GOALS.....................................................................................2-1 2.1 Restoration Vision......................................................................................................................2-2 2.2 Restoration Goals.......................................................................................................................2-2 3.0 WATERSHED OVERVIEW.........................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Watershed Descriptions..............................................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 WRIA 16 (Skokomish-Dosewallips).................................................................................................3-8 3.1.2 WRIA 17 (Quilcene-Snow).............................................................................................................3-10 3.1.3 WRIA 18 (Elwha-Dungeness).........................................................................................................3-12 3.1.4 WRIA 20 (Sol Duc-Hoh).................................................................................................................3-12 3.1.5 WRIA 21 (Queets-Quinault)............................................................................................................3-13 4.0 OVERVIEW OF RESTORATION PRIOIRITIES.....................................................................4-1 4.1 Freshwater Restoration Potential................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Nearshore Restoration Potential.................................................................................................4-6 5.0 RECOMMENDED RESTORATION ACTIONS........................................................................5-1 5.1 Programmatic Actions................................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Restoration Recomendations - WRIA 16...................................................................................5-2 5.3 Restoration Recomendations - WRIA 17.................................................................................5-13 5.4 Restoration Recomendations - WRIA 18.................................................................................5-50 5.5 Restoration Recomendations - WRIA 20 and WRIA 21..........................................................5-50 6.0 EXISTING RESTORTION PROGRAMS AND PARTNERS...................................................6-1 7.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING..............................................................................7-1 7.1 Implementation Process.............................................................................................................7-1 7.2 Timelines and Benchmarks........................................................................................................7-1 7.3 Potential Funding.......................................................................................................................7-3 7.4 Obstacles and Challenges.........................................................................................................7-11 7.5 Monitoring and Adaptive Management Strategies...................................................................7-12 8.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8-1 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A – Watershed Characterization for Eastern Jefferson County Appendix B – Appendix B Battelle Marine Science Laboratory Multi-Scale Restoration Prioritization for Local and Regional Shoreline Master Programs: A Case Study from Jefferson County, Washington Appendix C – Summary of Existing Restoration Programs October 2008 Page i Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. Jefferson County, Washington, and WRIA Boundaries..........................................3-1 Figure 3-2. WRIA 16 in Southeast Jefferson County.................................................................3-9 Figure 3-3. WRIA 17 (north) in Northeast Jefferson County...................................................3-10 Figure 3-4. WRIA 17 (south) in Northeast Jefferson County...................................................3-11 Figure 3-5. WRIA 20 in Northwest Jefferson County..............................................................3-13 Figure 3-6. WRIA 21 in Southwest Jefferson County..............................................................3-14 Figure 4-1. Determining restoration, protection and development categories for hydrologic processes...............................................................................................................................4-2 Figure 4-2. Freshwater Priority Areas for Restoration & Protection (Ecology 2007)................4-5 Figure 4-3. Nearshore Drift Cell Stressor and Function Scores.................................................4-7 Figure 4-4 Drift Cell and Shorezone Reach Polygons used in Battelle Study, Northeastern Jefferson County...................................................................................................................4-8 Figure 4-5 Drift Cell and Shorezone Reach Polygons used in Battelle Study, Southeastern Jefferson County...................................................................................................................4-9 Figure 4-6 Battelle Drift Cell Stressor and Function Scores at the Reach (Top) and Watershed (Bottom) Scales..................................................................................................................4-15 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1. Examples of Typical Protection and Restoration Actions.........................................1-4 Table 1-2. Typical Restoration Phases and Actions...................................................................1-5 Table 2-1. Jefferson County Restoration Goals, Objectives, Actions, and Success Measures...2-3 Table 3-1. SMP Waterbodies and Reaches by WRIA................................................................3-2 Table 4-1. Nearshore Restoration Priorities Based on Battelle Study........................................4-6 Table 4-2. Nearshore Reaches (Drift Cells) with High Function and Low Stress Ratings Based on Battelle Study................................................................................................................4-10 Table 5-1. Recommended Freshwater Restoration Actions - WRIA 16....................................5-3 Table 5-2. Recommended Nearshore Restoration Actions - WRIA 16......................................5-7 Page ii October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Table 5-3. Recommended Freshwater Restoration Actions - WRIA 17..................................5-14 Table 5-4. Recommended Nearshore Restoration Actions - WRIA 17...................................5-29 Table 6-1. Potential Restoration Partner Organizations and their Role in Future Restoration...6-3 October 2008 Page iii Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 1.0 INTRODUCTION This plan was prepared as part of Jefferson County’s Shoreline Master Program (SMP) Comprehensive Update project 1 . The County is currently in the process of updating the SMP (known as Chapter 18.25 of the Jefferson County Code [JCC]) to comply with the Washington State Shoreline Management Act -2 (SMA or the Act) requirements, enacted in 1972 and the state’s shoreline guidelines 3 , (the guidelines) which were adopted in 2003. The County’s SMP contains policies and regulations that govern the use and development of the County’s freshwater rivers, lakes and marine shorelines 4 . The SMP is designed to protect shoreline ecological functions, provide for public access to public shorelines, and accommodate reasonable and appropriate uses of the shoreline. The SMP also must include a “real and meaningful” strategy to restore shoreline ecological functions where such functions are impaired. This restoration plan is a key element of the County’s shoreline restoration strategy. It supplements the County’s Shoreline Inventory and Characterization Report (SICR; ESA Adolfson et al., 2008), which documents general shoreline conditions throughout the County. 1.1 PLAN PURPOSE AND SCOPE This plan, in conjunction with the SMP policies and regulations, is designed to satisfy the shoreline guideline requirements for shoreline restoration planning. It provides a planning-level framework for understanding how and where shoreline ecological functions can be restored in Jefferson County. The plan also describes how future restoration activities can be integrated with existing and ongoing restoration efforts including: the region-wide effort to restore Puget Sound (which the Puget Sound Partnership is spearheading); the work of the Jefferson County Marine Resources Committee, the regional recovery efforts for threatened Hood Canal summer chum, Puget Sound Chinook, bull trout, and endangered southern resident killer whales (orca); and the diversity of other restoration efforts being implemented by agencies, tribes, the City of Port Townsend, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and private citizens. This plan differs from the previous Shoreline Restoration Plans prepared in October 2007 and June 2008 in several ways. This document consolidates and summarizes much of the information presented previously, and contains more details on timeline and benchmarks. It also highlights the main steps needed to implement the recommended actions and attempts to more clearly indicate the roles that restoration partners can play in helping to implement this plan. These 1 The project is funded in part through a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology (Grant # G0600343). 2 Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 90.58 3 Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-26, Part III 4 In this document, the term ‘shoreline’ is synonymous with ‘shorelines of the state.’ These are defined in RCW 90.58 and generally include all streams with a mean annual flow of 20 cubic feet per second or more, all marine shores, and lakes greater than 20 acres as well as the adjacent ‘shorelands’ that accompany these waters. Shorelands means the lands extending 200 feet from the ordinary high water mark, floodways and contiguous floodplains 200 feet from the floodway, and all associated wetlands. For a list of all of the shorelines of the state in Jefferson County, refer to the Shoreline Inventory and Characterization Report (SICR; ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). October 2008 Page 1-1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan changes were made in response to comments from technical reviewers and Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) staff. 1.1.1 Format and Content – How to Use this Plan The format and content of this plan are designed to: • Describe an overarching vision that guides future restoration efforts; • Summarize the County’s shoreline restoration goals and objectives; • Identify the freshwater and nearshore areas that are high priorities for restoration; • Describe specific restoration opportunities and recommended actions for each watershed and waterbody; • Identify potential partners and existing/ongoing restoration activities and describe opportunities to integrate this plan with those existing efforts; and • Explain how future restoration efforts can be implemented in a way that maximizes effectiveness and achieves the greatest overall benefits. To understand and effectively implement this plan, restoration planners and practitioners are encouraged to review the vision, goals, and objects in Chapter 2 to understand the desired restoration outcomes. Planners and practitioners should then consider the information in Chapter 3 identifying general areas of the County that have been identified as top priorities for restoration. Specific opportunities and actions in those areas and elsewhere in Jefferson County can be found in Chapter 5. Restoration projects can then be fully developed in cooperation with the partners and programs identified in Chapter 6 to maximize restoration benefits. Most of the restoration opportunities noted in this plan affect private property. It is not the County’s intention to require restoration on private property or to commit privately owned land for restoration purposes without the willing cooperation and participation of the affected landowners. However, the County is eager to support and foster restoration actions on public and private lands and strongly encourages private landowners to help implement this plan. In addition, private landowners who are required to provide mitigation for development related impacts may wish to implement actions noted in this plan to meet their mitigation obligations. With the understanding that alterations anywhere within a watershed can affect the entire ecosystem, this plan identifies areas where restoration could or should occur whether or not those areas are located within shoreline (SMA) jurisdiction. This plan emphasizes restoration opportunities in eastern Jefferson County, which is where the majority of the county-regulated shorelines occur 5 and where most of the County’s citizens reside. Information on ecological conditions and alterations is generally more readily available and comprehensive for eastern Jefferson County compared to the western part of the County. That said, both areas are equally important in terms of the resources, habitats, and features that would benefit from restoration and 5 The marine coast along the western edge of Jefferson County is under federal or tribal jurisdiction and not subject to the state’s Shoreline Management Act. Much of the upper watershed draining to the western marine shore is also in Federal or Tribal ownership. Page 1-2 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan there is no provision in the SMA to exempt sparsely populated areas from the SMP policies and regulations nor from the requirement to plan for the restoration of degraded habitats. 1.2 DEFINING RESTORATION Restoration can be defined generally as returning an area to a previous condition by improving ecological structure and function. Restoration creates a net increase in the amount, size, and/or functions of an ecosystem or components of an ecosystem compared to a baseline condition (Thom et al. 2005a). The shoreline guidelines define restoration more specifically as follows: “The reestablishment or upgrading of impaired ecological shoreline processes or functions. This may be accomplished through measures including but not limited to re-vegetation, removal of intrusive shoreline structures and removal or treatment of toxic materials. Restoration does not imply a requirement for returning the shoreline area to aboriginal or pre-European settlement conditions.” 6 (Emphasis added) The guidelines require that restoration goals, policies and actions “be designed to achieve overall improvements in shoreline ecological functions over time, when compared to the status upon adoption of the master program.”7 Inherent in these definitions is the concept of repairing past damage to natural resources and habitats, but not necessarily re-creating pristine or historic conditions. Many researchers have cautioned that simply recreating the form or structure of a particular habitat without also addressing the ecosystem processes and their interaction with ecological functions may not fully achieve restoration goals or objectives (Stanley et al., 2005, Montgomery et al. 2003; Gersib 2001). As a result, this plan emphasizes the need to restore ecosystem processes so that restoration strategies are sustainable and successful in the long-term. 1.2.1 Difference between Restoration and Protection Restoration is different from protection. For shorelines, the latter is achieved primarily through the SMP policies and regulations (as well as other County, state, and federal regulations) that safeguard resources from damage caused by use and development. Protection requires that development be prohibited in some areas and that when allowed, development occur in a way that mitigates adverse effects on the natural environment such that the net result of the development activity is no worse than the pre-development condition. Protection also requires that deliberate measures be taken to ensure that natural ecosystem processes (such as net shore- drift, channel migration, large woody debris recruitment, for example) continue with minimal impairment 8 . 6 WAC 173-26-020 7 WAC 173-26-201(2)(f) 8 Readers are encouraged to read the County’s SMP for more information on the specific shoreline protection strategies and requirements. October 2008 Page 1-3 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Restoration, on the other hand, involves more than simply following and enforcing existing rules or maintaining existing conditions. It requires taking active steps to improve the condition of existing resources and replace resources that have been lost. Restoration measures are intended to supplement shoreline protection efforts such that environmental conditions improve over time. Table 1-1 identifies and differentiates typical shoreline protection and restoration actions. The protection measures are addressed in the SMP (and/or required by other regulatory programs such as critical areas regulations and stormwater regulations). The restoration actions reflect a range of activities that are applicable to Jefferson County. This plan is built around this list or menu of common restoration actions as indicated in the subsequent chapters. Table 1-1. Examples of Typical Protection and Restoration Actions Examples of Protection Actions Examples of Restoration Actions 9 • Treating stormwater runoff using best management or low impact development practices • Maintaining existing wetlands • Preventing development on feeder bluffs • Maintaining/repairing on-site septic systems • Observing buffer and setback requirements • Protecting/preserving existing trees/vegetation • Protecting water quality by limiting pesticide/fertilizer use • Regulating groundwater withdrawals • Limiting construction of new docks, bulkheads, and staircases • Clustering residential development • Preserving property through easement or acquisition • Removing dikes and setting levees back • Replacing bulkheads with soft shore stabilization (bio-stabilization) • Replanting/enhancing riparian/nearshore vegetation • Planting/transplanting eelgrass, kelps and other aquatic macrophytes • Replacing or enlarging blocked or undersized culverts • Removing fill from wetlands, intertidal habitats and floodplains • Removing invasive species • Reconnecting intertidal wetlands • Replacing existing dock/pier decking with open grating material to allow light penetration • Replacing treated wood docks/piers with concrete, steel and other materials • Retrofitting existing impervious surfaces to include stormwater treatment and flow control • Removing derelict vessels, fishing gear, creosote pilings and other in-water apparatus • Decommissioning underused forest roads • Adding large woody debris or engineered log jams to streams • Replacing pavement with pervious pavement (such as parks/ boat launches) • Relocating public infrastructure outside of floodplains and other sensitive habitats Restoration typically occurs in phases with each phase composed of one or more actions (Table 1-2). The progression from planning to reporting can take weeks, months, or even years depending on the complexity and scope of the restoration effort. In general, the phases and tasks build on and inform one another. Yet in some cases, the progression of phases and actions is not linear but iterative, meaning that it may be necessary to go back and revisit goals or priorities 9 In some circumstances, these actins may already be required by law. Page 1-4 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan during the implementation phase or do more construction in response to performance monitoring information. This is an adaptive management approach. This plan addresses and accomplishes most of the actions required in the restoration planning phase. Additional effort will be required to implement, monitor, manage, and report on the outcomes of this planning effort. Table 1-2. Typical Restoration Phases and Actions Phase Actions Timeline Beginning → →→ Completion Planning Visioning Collecting background data Setting goals Defining objectives Identifying priority areas Identifying potential restoration measures in priority areas Identifying partners and collaborators Identifying funding sources Integrating plans with other efforts Implementation Selecting projects/sites Developing conceptual designs/ plans Preparing detailed design plans Constructing project/site Performance Assessment / Monitoring Defining success criteria Comparing to reference sites Designing monitoring program Collecting performance monitoring data Adaptive Management Adjusting design Correcting problems (barriers to success) Implementing contingency measures Reporting Publishing reports documenting project effectiveness 1.2.2 No Net Loss and Restoration The concept of no net loss of shoreline ecological functions is rooted in the Shoreline Management Act and in the goals, policies, and governing principles of the state’s shoreline guidelines. The Act states: “permitted uses in the shoreline shall be designed and conducted in a manner that minimizes insofar as practical, any resultant damage to the ecology and environment of the shoreline area.” The guidelines suggest that no net loss is achieved primarily through regulatory mechanisms including mitigation requirements but that restoration incentives and voluntary actions are also critical to achieving no net loss. The SMP requires that proponents of shoreline development fully mitigate impacts caused by their proposed development and although they are not required to improve conditions over and above the impacts of their development action, they may elect to implement elements of this plan as mitigation for shoreline development if appropriate. Citizens, agencies, and other groups may October 2008 Page 1-5 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan also elect to implement portions of this plan irrespective of any proposed development activity or requirement to mitigate impacts. Components of this plan can also be implemented as part of future capitol or resource management endeavors. As an example, a park improvement project could be designed to include removal of intertidal fill and restoration of nearshore habitat. All of these actions would have the effect of improving conditions over time, which is necessary for achieving no net loss. 1.3 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL STUDY AND FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT Preparing a detailed plan for restoring shoreline resources throughout Jefferson County is a difficult undertaking that cannot be easily summarized in one document. All of the restoration opportunities mentioned herein will require further investigation and analysis to fully assess feasibility and determine actual benefits and costs. In some cases, restoration actions are recommended that involve private properties. This plan makes no claims as to the ownership or availability of any parcel of land for restoration purposes and does not recommend takings of any private land. Considerable additional study, collaboration, and public discourse will be required to ensure consensus on the restoration priorities; acquire permission, easements or ownership of private property; and develop detailed implementation plans, budgets, schedules, and monitoring programs. Considerable additional effort will also be required to better identify and plan restoration projects in western Jefferson County. 1.3.1 Role of the Marine Resources Committee (MRC) The Jefferson County Marine Resources Committee (MRC) is charged with “achieving the protection and restoration of the marine resources of Jefferson County and to do so in furtherance of the benchmarks for performance as identified in the August 20, 1998, report to the conveners by the Murray-Metcalf Northwest Straits Citizens Advisory Commission.” The MRC’s Strategic Plan calls for adoption of this restoration plan, which will become the Action Plan for future MRC restoration efforts. As such, the MRC will have a primary role in overseeing the implementation of the restoration actions included herein. As an advisory group to the County’s Board of Commissioners, the MRC does not have funding to fully implement this plan nor do they have the regulatory responsibility for achieving the no net loss standard. That responsibility resides with County government. Nevertheless, the MRC will, at a minimum, convene an annual meeting of interested and responsible restoration partners to identify and discuss strategies for plan implementation based on funding availability and regional needs. To the degree feasible given their staff and funding resource, the MRC will also provide additional logistical support to the County and other entities seeking to complete identified restoration efforts. Additional information on implementation is provided in Section 7. 1.3.2 Data Gaps Due to data limitations (including data that were not available, not adaptable to a database, or of poor quality) many important ecological processes, features, and conditions could not be fully described in this plan. Specifically, surface water quantity and quality are critical components of the riparian ecosystem largely missing from existing watershed and riparian analyses. These components are typically measured as in-stream flow and surface water chemistry. Although Page 1-6 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan surface water studies have been conducted in Jefferson County, available data were focused on specific conditions at a few locations. For example, in-stream flows are a primary controlling factor for salmon spawning, egg incubation, juvenile rearing, and migration; however, this restoration plan did not include a full analysis of in-stream flows or hydrograph data in relationship to in-stream habitat. Furthermore, it is not clear if this data is available for analysis. Water quality characterization is also limited almost exclusively to periodic seasonal measurement of fecal coliform concentrations at shellfish harvesting areas, but the tests are not designed to identify year-round concentrations, trends, or sources. These data gaps should be considered when evaluating the restoration priorities discussed in this report. Efforts to address these gaps through acquisition of new/additional pertinent data are encouraged. Important habitat features or processes that were not fully assessed due to a lack of applicable quantitative data include: • High/peak in-stream flow • Low summer flow • Dissolved oxygen concentrations, nutrient and fecal coliform loading • Sediment grain size, distribution, and quantities • Channel complexity (i.e., length and area of side channels; numbers, size, and ratios of in-stream features such as pools, riffles, logjams, etc.) • Channel stability (e.g., shifts in substrate, scouring, sedimentation) • Acres of lost or filled side channels and floodplain October 2008 Page 1-7 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 2.0 RESTORATION VISION AND GOALS This plan seeks to establish a basic framework for improving the quality and sustainability of Jefferson County’s shoreline resources over time in a collaborative and cohesive manner. This overarching goal is consistent with the Shoreline Management Act and with the newly developing regional strategy for restoring Puget Sound, which is embodied in Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill (ESSB) 5372 signed by the State Legislature in May 2007. In ESSB 5372, the Legislature declared that: “Puget Sound, including Hood Canal and the waters that flow to it are a national treasure and a unique resource. Residents enjoy a way of life centered around these waters that depends upon clean and healthy marine and freshwater resources. Puget Sound is in serious decline, and Hood Canal is in a serious crisis. This decline is indicated by loss of and damage to critical habit, rapid decline in species populations, increases in aquatic nuisance species, numerous toxics contaminated sites, urbanization and attendant storm water drainage, closure of beaches to shellfish harvest due to disease risks, low-dissolved oxygen levels causing death of marine life, and other phenomena. If left unchecked, these conditions will worsen. Puget Sound must be restored and protected in a more coherent and effective manner. The current system is highly fragmented. Immediate and concerted action is necessary by all levels of government working with the public, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to ensure a thriving natural system that exists in harmony with a vibrant economy.” The Legislature directed the Puget Sound Partnership (the Partnership) to coordinate and lead the regional restoration effort. The Partnership is developing an ‘Action Agenda’ that will describe the steps needed to restore the Sound by 2020. In identifying specific restoration goals and objectives that the Action Agenda must achieve, the Legislature described the characteristics of a healthy and restored Puget Sound as follows: • A healthy human population supported by a healthy Puget Sound that is not threatened by changes in the ecosystem; • A quality of human life that is sustained by a functioning Puget Sound ecosystem; • Healthy and sustaining populations of native species in Puget Sound, including a robust food web; • A healthy Puget Sound where freshwater, estuary, nearshore, marine, and upland habitats are protected, restored, and sustained; • An ecosystem that is supported by ground water levels as well as river and stream flow levels sufficient to sustain people, fish, and wildlife, and the natural functions of the environment; and • Fresh and marine waters and sediments of a sufficient quality so that the waters in the region are safe for drinking, swimming shellfish harvest and consumption, and other human uses and enjoyment, and are not harmful to the native marine mammals, fish, birds, and shellfish of the region. October 2008 Page 2-1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan This plan seeks to achieve those same goals by contributing to the Puget Sound restoration effort and to the specific strategies being developed by the Partnership as part of the 2020 Action Agenda. This plan is also intended to be compatible with the restoration goals already developed by other restoration planning entities in the region including, but not limited to: the Jefferson County Marine Resources Committee, the Hood Canal Coordinating Council, the City of Port Townsend, and area tribes. 2.1 RESTORATION VISION The restoration vision for Jefferson County is similar to the vision adopted by the City of Port Townsend as part of the Port Townsend SMP Update in 2007. The vision can be described as follows: Ecological processes, functions, and habitats damaged by past or unregulated future development are improved over time through a combination of public and private actions. Where appropriate, restoration actions are included as part of future shoreline development in a way that enhances the environment and is compatible with planned shoreline uses. Restoration efforts, when combined with protection of existing resources, create a net improvement in the shoreline ecosystem to benefit native fish and wildlife and the people of Jefferson County. 2.2 RESTORATION GOALS Jefferson County has the following restoration goals: • To improve shoreline processes, functions, and values over time through regulatory and voluntary and incentive-based public and private programs and actions that are consistent with the SMP and other agency/ locally adopted restoration plans. • To increase the availability, viability and sustainability of shoreline habitats for salmon, shellfish, forage fish, shorebirds and marine seabirds, and other species; • To improve habitat quality for sensitive and/or locally important species, and support the biological recovery goals for federally protected species; • To encourage cooperative restoration actions involving local, state, and federal public agencies, tribes, NGOs, and private landowners. • To integrate restoration efforts with capitol projects and other resource management efforts including, but not limited to, shellfish closure response plans and water cleanup plans. Page 2-2 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Table 2-1. Jefferson County Restoration Goals, Objectives, Actions, and Success Measures Goal Objective Potential Restoration 10 Actions Potential Measures of Success To improve ecosystem processes, functions and values over time. Restore natural sediment transport and littoral drift. Restore native riparian and nearshore vegetation. Improve natural hydrologic pathways. Remove/set back levees, dikes and other structures. Replace bulkheads with soft shore stabilization. Replant/enhance riparian/nearshore vegetation. Remove fill from wetlands, floodplains and intertidal habitats. Decommission forest roads. Acres of riparian enhancement. Linear feet of bulkhead removed. Acres of reconnected floodplain. Linear feet of road decommissioned. Acres of wetland restored. Acres of native vegetation planted. To increase habitat quality and availability for salmon, shellfish, forage fish, and other sensitive and/or locally important species, and support biological recovery goals for federally listed species. Reduce nearshore shading of kelp/eelgrass. Restore stream channels, channel migration zones, side channels, and floodplains. Enhance disturbed tidelands and riparian zones and support the essential ecological functions those areas provide. Restore wetland and salt marsh habitats. Improve water quality to provide safe water for drinking, swimming, and producing/consuming fish and shellfish. Replace decking on overwater structures with open grating. Replace or enlarge blocked or undersized culverts. Replant/enhance riparian/nearshore vegetation. Remove invasive species. Add large woody debris to stream channels. Remove abandoned or decrepit overwater and in- water structures and derelict vessels. Replace treated wood docks/piers with concrete, steel and other materials. Retrofit existing impervious surfaces to include stormwater treatment and flow control. Number of culverts replaced or number of miles of stream open to migration. Number of creosote structures/ pilings removed. Acres of riparian/nearshore enhancement Water quality measurements. Area of retrofit. Reduced shellfish closures. 10 These actions would supplement existing regulatory requirements and other protection actions related to stormwater management/low impact development, critical areas, septic system maintenance, etc. See Table 1-1. October 2008 Page 2-3 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Potential Restoration 10 Goal Objective Potential Measures of Actions Success Table 2-1. Jefferson County Restoration Goals (continued) Integrate restoration efforts with capitol projects and resource management efforts. Evaluate restoration opportunities when planning for parks, transportation, and other capitol projects. Replace paved parking areas with pervious pavement at parks/ boat launches. Relocate public infrastructure outside of floodplains, migration zones and other sensitive areas. Retrofit existing impervious surfaces to include stormwater treatment and flow control. Number of restoration actions implemented in conjunction with other projects. Encourage cooperative restoration actions involving local, state, and federal public agencies, tribes, NGOs, and landowners. Engage in coordinated planning to identify and scope restoration projects. Provide incentive to landowners to restore private properties. Establish local improvement districts to facilitate and fund restoration Provide bonus points to landowners who restore shorelines through an open space taxation program. Sponsor an annual restoration planning workshop with other partners. Work with restoration partners to establish a database and tracking program for restoration projects. Fund or otherwise facilitate a restoration demonstration project such as a soft shore armoring project. Create stewardship programs and/or work with existing stewardship programs to educate private landowners on appropriate restoration actions. Number of collaborative projects implemented. Number of projects tracked via database. Number of landowners participating in stewardship workshops. Number of partners participating in joint efforts. Page 2-4 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 3-1 Parts of five Water Resource Inventory Areas (WRIAs) occur within Jefferson County: WRIA 16 (Skokomish-Dosewallips), WRIA 17 (Quilcene-Snow), WRIA 18 (Elwha-Dungeness), WRIA 20 (Sol Duc-Hoh), and WRIA 21 (Queets-Quinault) (Figure 3-1). A brief description of each of these WRIAs and their respective shorelines follows (Table 3-1). 3.1 WATERSHED DESCRIPTIONS This section provides an overview of watersheds that comprise Jefferson County. This is background information that helps set the context for the discussion in the subsequent chapters of this plan. 3.0 WATERSHED OVERVIEW Figure 3-1. Jefferson County, Washington, and WRIA Boundaries Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n 1 Ta b l e 3 - 1 . S M P W a t e r b o d i e s a n d R e a c h e s b y W R I A Re a c h 11 Ar e a De s c r i p t i o n 12 WR I A 1 6 F r e s h w a t e r Fu l t o n C r e e k 1 Fu l t o n C r e e k Fr o m t h e s t r e a m m o u t h t o t h e f a l l s Fu l t o n C r e e k 2 Fu l t o n C r e e k Fr o m t h e f a l l s t o t h e c on f l u e n c e o f F u l t o n C r e e k a n d S o u t h F o r k F u l t o n C r e e k Du c k a b u s h R i v e r 1 Du c k a b u s h R i v e r Fr o m t he m o u t h t o t h e N a t i o n a l F o r e s t b o u n d a r y Du c k a b u s h R i v e r 2 Du c k a b u s h R i v e r Fr o m th e N a t i o n a l F o r e s t b o u n d a r y t o t h e e d g e o f t h e l a s t p r i v a t e i n h o l d i n g Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r 1 Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r Fr om t h e m o u t h t o t h e O N F b o u n d a r y Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r 2 Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r Fr o m t h e O N F b o u n d a r y t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f p r i v a t e i n h o l d i n g s Do s e w a l l i p s T r i b u t a r y 1 Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r Ro c k y B r o o k f r o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e a t D o s e w a l l i p s t o t h e i m p a s s a b l e f a l l s WR I A 1 6 N e a r s h o r e A Fu l t o n C r e e k a n d A s s o c i a t e d N e a r s h o r e Co u n t y l i ne n o r t h t o t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 3 0 B Fu l t o n C r e e k a n d A s s o c i a t e d N ea r s h o r e Dr i f t c e l l J E - 2 9 / J E - 3 0 C Fu l t o n C r e e k a n d A s s o c i a t e d N e a r s h o r e Dr i f t c e l l J E - 2 9 , o r ig i n a t e s 0 . 5 m i l e n o r t h e a s t o f t h e m o u t h o f F u l t o n C r e e k D Du c k a b u s h R i v e r a n d B l a c k P o i n t No r t h s h o r e o f M c D a n i e l C o v e (t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 2 9 ) to s t a r t o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 2 8 E Du c k a b u s h R i v e r a n d B l a c k P o i n t Du c k a b u s h d e l t a t o t h e e d g e o f Q u a t s a p P o i n t ( d r i f t c e l l J E - 2 8 ) F Du c k a b u s h R i v e r a n d B l a c k P o i n t Fr o m t h e o r i g i n o f dr i f t c e l l J E - 2 7 t o t h e t i p o f Q u a t s a p P o i n t s p i t G Du c k a b u s h R i v e r a n d B l a c k P o i n t Ar e a o f n o n e t d r i f t a r o u n d B l a c k P o i n t H Du c k a b u s h R i v e r a n d B l a c k P o i n t Fr o m n o r t h to s o u t h e n t r a n c e s o f P l e a s a n t H a r b o r I Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r a n d B r i n n o n S h o r e l i n e Dr i f t c e l l s J E - 2 6 a n d J E -2 5 , n o r t h e a s t e r n e d g e o f P l e a s a n t H a r b o r t o s o u t h e d g e o f D o sewallips River delta J Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r a n d B r i n n o n S h o r e l i n e Do s e w a l l i p s R i v e r d e l t a t o t h e s t a r t o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 2 4 i n R i g h t S m a r t C o v e WR I A 1 7 F r e s h w a t e r Bi g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r 1 Bi g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r Fr o m t h e u p p e r e d g e o f t h e e s t u a r y t o t h e f i s h h a t c h e r y a t t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h P e n n y C r eek (RM 2.8) Bi g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r 2 Bi g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r Fr o m t h e f i sh h a t c h e r y t o t h e N a t i o n a l F o r e s t b o u n d a r y La k e L e l a n d Li t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r Ap p r o x i m a t e l y 4 . 5 m i l e s n o r t h o f t h e C i t y o f Q u i l c e n e , i m m e d i a t e l y w e s t o f H i g h w a y 1 0 1 Lo r d s L a k e Li t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r 0. 6 m il e n o r t h o f L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r 2 11 R e a c h e s a r e i n g e o g r a p h i c o r d e r ( s o u t h e a s t to n o r t h e a s t b e g i n n i n g i n t h e s o u t h e a s t c o rn e r o f e a s t e r n J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y ) . T h e s e re a c h e s c o r r e s p o n d t o the reaches identified in t h e J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y S h o r e l i n e I n v e n t o r y a n d C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n R e p o r t ( E S A A d o l f s o n , J u n e 2 0 0 8 ) . 12 D r i f t c e l l i d e n t i f i e r s ( e . g . , J E - 2 5 ) a r e a s d e f i n e d b y J o h a n e s s e n ( 1 9 9 2 ) a n d K e u l e r ( 1 9 9 8 ) . Pa g e 3 - 2 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan De s c r i p t i o n 12 Re a c h 11 Ar e a Ta b l e 3 - 1 . S M P W a t e r b o d i e s a nd R e a c h e s b y W R I A ( c o n t i n u e d ) Li t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r 1 Li t t l e Qu i l c e n e R i v e r Ri v e r m o u t h t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 3 . 0 Li t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r 2 Li t t l e Q u i l c e n e Ri v e r RM 3 . 0 t o t h e O N F b o u n d a r y Ta r b o o L a k e Ta r b o o L a k e , S a n d y S h o r e L a k e , a n d W a h l La k e 5. 5 m i l e s t o t h e n o r t h o f T a r b o o B a y ’ s n o r t h e r n b o u n d a r y , a d j a c e n t t o t h e h e a d w a t e r s o f T a r b o o C r e e k Sa n d y S h o r e L a k e Ta r b o o L a k e , S a n d y S h o r e L a k e , a n d W a h l La k e Ap p r o x i m a t e l y 1 . 5 m i l e s t o t h e w e s t o f t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n o f H i g h w a y 1 0 4 a n d S t a t e R o u t e 1 9 , a t 4 7 ° 5 3 ’ 2 6 ” N a n d 12 2 ° 4 6 ’ 0 0 ” W Wa h l L a k e Ta r b o o L a k e , S a n d y S h o r e L a k e , a n d W a h l La k e Ap p r o x i m a t e l y 2 . 2 m i l e s t o t h e w e s t o f n o r t h w e s t e x t e n t o f S q u a m i s h H a r b o r , a t 4 7 ° 5 1 ’ 5 0 ” N a n d 1 2 2 ° 4 4 ’ 2 2 ” W Ch i m a c u m C r e e k 1 Ch i m a c u m C r e e k ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Fr o m t h e e n d of t i d a l i n f l u e n c e t o j u s t d o w n s t r e a m o f w h e r e e a s t a n d w e s t f o r ks d i v e r g e Ch i m a c u m C r e e k 2 Ch i m a c u m C r e e k ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Fr o m d o w n s t r e am o f w h e r e e a s t a n d w e s t f o r k s d i v e r g e t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 3 . 3 Ch i m a c u m C r e e k 3 Ch i m a c u m C r e e k ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Fr o m a p p r ox i m a t e l y R M 3 . 3 t o n e a r t h e c r o s s i n g o f S t a t e R o u t e ( S R ) 1 9 Ch i m a c u m C r e e k 4 Ch i m a c u m C r e e k ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Fr o m ne a r S R 1 9 t o n e a r t h e c r o s s i n g o f H i g h w a y 1 0 4 a n d C e n t e r R o a d Gi b b s L a k e Gi b b s , A n d e r s o n , a n d P e t e r s o n L a k e s a n d Mi l l P o n d ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) 0. 9 m i l e n o r t h w e s t o f t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n o f G i b b s L a k e R o a d a n d W e s t V a l l e y R o a d An d e r s o n L a k e Gi b b s , A n d e r s o n , a n d P e t e r s o n L a k e s a n d Mi l l P o n d ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Ap p r o x i m a t e l y 1 . 2 m i l e s w e s t o f C h i m a c um C r e e k 2 a n d C h i m a c u m C r e e k 3 r e a c h e s Pe t e r s o n L a k e Gi b b s , A n d e r s o n , a n d P e t e r s o n L a k e s a n d Mi l l P o n d ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Ne a r t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n o f H i g h w a y 1 0 4 a n d H i g h w a y 1 0 1 Mi l l S e t t l i n g P o n d Gi b b s , A n d e r s o n , a n d P e t e r s o n L a k e s a n d Mi l l P o n d ( A d m i r a l t y I n l e t ) Lo c a t e d d i r e c t l y e a s t o f t h e P o r t T o w n s e n d P a p e r M i l l f a c i l i t y , n e a r G l e n n C o v e Sn o w C r e e k 1 Sn o w C r e e k a n d S a l m o n C r e e k Ri v e r m o u t h t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 1 . 2 Sn o w C r e e k 2 Sn o w C r e e k a n d S a l m o n C r e e k RM 1 . 2 t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 3 . 3 , b e l o w C r o c k e r L a k e Sa l m o n C r e e k 1 Sn o w C r e e k a n d S a l m o n C r e e k Ri v e r m o u t h t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 0 . 7 5 Sa l m o n C r e e k 2 Sn o w C r e e k a n d S a l m o n C r e e k RM 0 . 7 5 t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 1 . 5 Cr o c k e r L a k e Cr o c k e r L a k e 0. 5 m i l e s o u t h o f t h e u p s t r e a m l i m i t o f S n o w C r e e k 2 WR I A 1 7 N e a r s h o r e K Ja c k s o n S h o r e l i n e Fr o m t h e h e a d o f R i g h t S m a r t C o v e t o W a w a P o i n t L Ja c k s o n S h o r e l i n e Wa w a P o i n t t o P o i n t W h i t n e y , i n c l u d i n g P o i n t W h i t n e y L a g o o n , a d j a c e n t t o P o i n t W h i t n e y S t a t e S h e l l f i s h L a b M Qu i l c e n e Ba y Po i n t W h i t n e y t o Q u i l c e n e B o a t H a v e n ( n o w H e r b B e c k M a ri n a ) , e n c o m p a s s i n g d r i f t c e l l s J E - 1 9 , J E - 1 9 / J E - 2 0 , a n d JE - 2 0 N Qu i l c e n e B a y Qu i l c e n e m a r i n a t o t h e s o u t h e r n e d g e o f t h e I n d i a n G e o r g e e s t u a r y O Qu i l c e n e B a y Fr o m I n d i a n G e o r g e e s t u a r y t o t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 8 P Qu i l c e n e B a y No r t h e d g e o f F i s h e r m a n ’ s P o i n t S a l t M a r s h t o t h e s t a r t o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 7 Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 3-3 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n De s c r i p t i o n 12 Re a c h 11 Ar e a Ta b l e 3 - 1 . S M P W a t e r b o d i e s a nd R e a c h e s b y W R I A ( c o n t i n u e d ) Q Da b o b Ba y Fr o m t h e c e n t e r o f t h e d i v e r g e n c e z o n e b e t w e e n d r i f t c e l l s JE - 1 7 a n d J E - 1 8 t o t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 7 a t Ta r b o o B a y b a r r i e r s p i t s R Da b o b B a y Ta r b o o B a y n o r t h o f t h e b a r r i e r s p i t s a n d L o n g S p i t S Da b o b Ba y Fr o m t h e c e n t e r o f t h e J E - 1 5 / J E - 1 6 d i v e r g e n c e z o n e n o r th a l o n g t h e w e s t s h o r e o f T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a t o t h e te r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 6 T So u t h e r n T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a , T h o r n d y k e Ba y , a n d S q u a m i s h H a r b o r Fr o m c e n t e r o f d i v e r g e n c e b e t w e e n d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 5 a n d J E - 1 6 t o t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 5 a t H a z e l P o i n t U So u t h e r n T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a , T h o r n d y k e Ba y , a n d S q u a m i s h H a r b o r Dr i f t c e l l J E - 1 4 , H a z e l P o i n t t o c en t e r o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E - 1 3 / J E - 1 4 V So u t h e r n T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a , T h o r n d y k e Ba y , a n d S q u a m i s h H a r b o r To a n d o s P e n i n s u l a a l o n g H o o d C a n a l , f r o m t h e c e n t e r o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E - 1 3 / JE-14, including drift cells JE-13 an d J E - 1 2 , t o t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 2 a t S q u a m i s h H a r b o r W So u t h e r n T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a , T h o r n d y k e Ba y , a n d S q u a m i s h H a r b o r Dr i f t c e l l J E - 1 1 , i n c l u d i n g a r e a s i n s i d e t h e s p i t a t t h e h e a d o f S q u a m i s h H a r b o r t h a t a r e p a r t o f t h e e x t e n s i v e e s t u a r y of S h i n e C r e e k X Ho o d C a n a l B r i d g e t o T a l a P o i n t Dr i f t c e l l J E - 1 0 , i n c l u d i n g T e rm i n a t i o n P o i n t , t h e w e s t e r n s h o r e o f B y w a t e r B a y , a n d W o l f e P r operty State Park Y Ho o d C a n a l B r i d g e t o T a l a P o i n t Dr i f t c e l l J E - 9 o n t h e w e s t e r n s i d e o f H o o d H e a d Z Ho o d C a n a l B r i d g e t o T a l a P o i n t Dr i f t c e l l J E - 8 o n t h e e a s t s i d e o f H o o d H e a d AA Ho o d C a n a l B r i d g e t o T a l a P o i n t Fr o m P o i n t H a n n o n t o T a l a Po i n t , i n c l u d i n g n o r t h H o o d H e a d , W h i t e R o c k C o v e , a n d P a r a d i s e B a y BB Po r t L u d l o w Dr i f t c e l l J E - 6 f r o m t h e o r i g i n a t T a l a P o i n t t o t h e s a l t m a r s h a t t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 6 CC Po r t Lu d l o w Lu d l o w B a y f r o m t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 6 t o L u d l o w Sp i t , i n c l u d i n g t h e T w i n s , t h e t w o b a s a l t i c i s l a n d s i n t h e so u t h e r n b a y DD Po r t L u d l o w Dr i f t c e l l J E - 5 , t h e M a t s M a t s s h o r e l i n e f r o m L u d l o w S p i t n o r t h t o t h e s o u t h j e t t y a t t h e b a r g e h a r b o r n e a r B a s a lt Point EE Ma t s M a t s B a y Ol e l e P o i n t t o B a s a l t P o i n t , in c l u d i n g t h e e n t i r e M a t s M a t s B a y s h o r e l i n e FF Oa k B a y Dr i f t c e l l s J E - 3 a n d J E - 4 GG Oa k B a y Dr i f t c e l l J E - 2 HH Oa k B a y Di v e r g e n t z o n e J E - 1 / J E - 2 , a n d d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 to W a s h i n g t o n S t r e e t , s o u t h o f O a k B a y C o u n t y P a r k II Oa k B a y Or i g i n o f d r i f t c e l l J E - 1 t h r o u g h O a k B a y C o u n t y P a r k , a s w e l l a s t h e w e s t s h o r e o f t h e P o r t a g e C a n a l JJ So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d We s t er n s h o r e o f I n d i a n I s l a n d a l o n g P o r t a g e C a n a l KK So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d Dr i f t c e l l J E F - 2 , f r o m P o r t a g e C a n a l e a s t t o t h e d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 / J E F - 3 b e t w een Kinney Point and Lilip Point LL So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l an d Di v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 / J E F - 3 a n d d r i f t c e l l J E F - 3 t o M a r r o w s t o n e P o i n t MM So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d Dr i f t c e l l J E F- 4 a n d e a s t e r n p a r t o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 4 / J E F - 5 NN So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d Fe e d e r b l u f f s i n z o n e o f d i v e r g e n c e J E F - 4 / J E F - 5 a n d d r i f t ce l l J E F - 5 , i n c l u d i n g t h e e n d o f t h e s p i t b y t h e F l a g l e r Ca m p g r o u n d Pa g e 3 - 4 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan De s c r i p t i o n 12 Re a c h 11 Ar e a Ta b l e 3 - 1 . S M P W a t e r b o d i e s a nd R e a c h e s b y W R I A ( c o n t i n u e d ) OO So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d Ar e a o f d i v e r g e n c e J E F- 6 / J E F - 7 , d r i f t c e l l J E F - 6 n o r t h t o t h e F l a g l e r C a m p g r o u n d PP So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d Ar e a o f di v e r g e n c e J E F - 6 / J E F - 7 , a n d d r i f t c e l l J E F - 7 QQ So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d My s t e r y B a y a n d e a s t e r n e n d o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 8 RR So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d Dr i f t c e l l J E F - 9 , f r o m t h e e a s t e r n e d g e o f M y s t e r y B a y S t a t e P a r k t o t h e t e r m i n u s i n S c o w B a y . SS So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l an d Sc o w B a y M a r s h , t h e a r e a o f u n d e f i n e d d r i f t a t t h e h e a d o f S c o w B a y TT So u t h I n d i a n I s l a n d ( N a v y ) So u t h e a s t s i d e o f I n d i a n I s l a n d UU In d i a n I s l a n d ( N a v y ) No r t he a s t s i d e o f I n d i a n I s l a n d VV In d i a n I s l a n d ( R a t I s l a n d ) No r t h s i d e o f I n d i a n I s l a n d WW In d i a n I s l a n d ( N a v y ) No r t hw e s t s i d e o f I n d i a n I s l a n d XX In d i a n I s l a n d ( N a v y ) So u t hw e s t s i d e o f I n d i a n I s l a n d YY Po r t T o w n s e n d B a y Fr o m t h e o r i g i n t o t h e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E F - 1 6 ZZ Po r t T o w n s e n d B a y Ha d l o c k L a g o o n , d r i f t c e l l J E F - 1 7 , a n d t h e s o u t h e r n e n d o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 1 8 AA A Po r t T o w n s e n d B a y Th e n o r t h e r n e n d o f d i v e r ge n c e z o n e J E F - 1 8 a n d t h e C h i m a c u m C r e e k e s t u a r y BB B Po r t T o w n s e n d B a y Ka l a P o i n t , i n c l u d i n g d r i f t c e l l s J E F - 19 , J E F - 2 0 , J E F - 2 1 , a n d t h e d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 1 / J E F - 2 2 CC C Po r t T o w n s e n d B a y ( p o r t i o n o u t s i d e o f C i t y ) Dr i f t c e l l J E F - 2 2 , i n c l u d i n g t h e s h o r e l i n e f r o m t h e n o r t h e d g e of O l d F o r t T o w n s e n d S t a t e P a r k t o t h e C i t y o f P o r t To w n s e n d b o u n d a r y DD D Ci t y o f P T s h o r e l i n e EE E Ci t y o f P T s h o r e l i n e Ea s t e n d o f d i v e rg e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 3 / J E F - 2 4 a n d d r i f t c e l l J E F - 2 3 to t h e C i t y o f P o r t T o w n s e n d b o u n d a r y FF F St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y We s t e n d o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 3 / J E F - 2 4 a n d d r i f t c e l l J E F - 2 4 t o t h e n o r t h e r n e d ge of Beckett Point GG G St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y Se g m e n t o f u n d e f i n e d d r i f t a r o u n d B e c k e t t P o i n t HH H St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y No r t h e r n h a l f o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 5 / J E F - 2 6 a n d d r i f t c e l l J E F - 2 5 II I St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y So u t h e a s t D i s c o v e r y B a y , f r o m t h e s o u t h e d g e o f d i v e r ge n c e z o n e J E F - 2 5 / J E F - 2 6 s o u t h t h r o u g h t h e S a l m o n / S n o w Cr e e k d e l t a JJ J St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y Dr i f t c e l l J E F - 2 7 in c l u d i n g M i l l P o i n t , a n d t h e s o u t h e r n h a l f o f d i v e r g e n c e z o n e J EF - 2 7 / J E F - 2 8 KK K St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y No r t h e r n h a l f o f d i ve r g e n c e z o n e J E F - 2 7 / J E F - 2 8 a n d d r i f t c e l l J E F - 2 8 t o s o u t h o f C ontractor’s Point LL L St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y Th e s h o r e l i n e f r o m th e t e r m i n u s o f d r i f t c e l l J E F - 2 9 t o t h e J e f f e r s o n / C l a l l a m C o u n ty boundary Is l a n d X Si t t i n g i n S t r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a Is l a n d X I Si t t i n g i n S t r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 3-5 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n De s c r i p t i o n 12 Re a c h 11 Ar e a Ta b l e 3 - 1 . S M P W a t e r b o d i e s a nd R e a c h e s b y W R I A ( c o n t i n u e d ) WR I A 2 0 F r e s h w a t e r Bo g a c h i e l R i v e r Bo g a c h i e l R i v e r Th e e n t i r e l e n g t h o f t h e B o g a c h i e l R i v e r w i t h i n w e s t e r n J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y a n d o u t s i d e o f f e d e r a l l a n d i s t r e a t e d a s on e r e a c h . T h e r e a c h e x t e n d s f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 1 7 t o R M 2 2 Go o d m a n C r e e k 1 Go o d m a n C r e e k Fr o m t h e O N P b o u n d a r y up s t r e a m t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h M i n t e r C r e e k Go o d m a n C r e e k 2 Go o d m a n C r e e k Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f M i n t e r C r e e k u p s t r e a m t o t h e d i v e r g e n c e o f t h e e a s t a n d w e s t f o r k s Go o d m a n C r e e k 3 Go o d m a n C r e e k Ea s t a n d w e s t f o r k s o f G o o d m a n C r e e k Mi n t e r C r e e k Go o d m a n C r e e k Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h G o o d m an C r e e k t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t en t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Mo s q u i t o C r e e k 1 Mo s q u i t o C r e e k ( G o o d m a n C r e e k) Fr o m t h e O N P b o u n d a r y u p s t r e a m t o R M 5 . 2 Mo s q u i t o C r e e k 2 Mo s q u i t o C r e e k ( G o o d m an C r e e k ) Fr o m R M 5 . 2 t o t h e u p s t r ea m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Ho h R i v e r 1 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e H o h I n d i a n R e s e r v a t i o n b o u n d a r y u p s t r e a m t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h N o l a n C r e e k Ho h R i v e r 2 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h N o l a n C r e e k to t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h W i n f i e l d C r e e k Ho h R i v e r 3 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h W i n f i e l d C r e e k t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h M a p l e C r e e k Ho h R i v e r 4 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h M a p l e C r e e k t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h O w l C r e e k Ho h R i v e r 5 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h O w l C r e e k t o t h e O N P b o u n d a r y Ho h R i v e r S o u t h F o r k Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e m a i n s t e m t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n No l a n C r e e k Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e H o h R i v e r m a i n s t e m to t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Wi n f i e l d C r e e k Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e H o h R i v e r m a i n s t e m to t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Ma p l e C r e e k Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e H o h R i v e r m a i n s t e m to t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Ow l C r e e k 1 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e H o h R i v e r m a i n s t e m t o t h e f a l l s Ow l C r e e k 2 Ho h R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r , Mi d d l e a n d S o u t h F o r k ) Fr o m t h e f a l l s t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x te n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Ce d a r C r e e k Ce d a r C r e e k ( H o h R i v e r L o w e r ) Ce d a r C r e e k h a s b e e n t r e a t e d a s o n e r e a c h , f r o m t h e O N P b o u n d a r y t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 6.6 Pa g e 3 - 6 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 3-7 Re a c h 11 Ar e a De s c r i p t i o n 12 Ta b l e 3 - 1 . S M P W a t e r b o d i e s a nd R e a c h e s b y W R I A ( c o n t i n u e d ) WR I A 2 1 F r e s h w a t e r Ka l a l o c h C r e e k 1 Ka l a l o c h C r e e k Fr o m t h e O N P b o u n d a r y t o t h e i m p a s s a b l e f a l l s Ka l a l o c h C r e e k 2 Ka l a l o c h C r e e k Fr o m t h e i m p a s s a b l e f a l l s t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t of s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 1 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e O N P b o u n d a r y t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h S h a l e C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 2 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t ar i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h S h a l e C r e e k t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h M i l l e r C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 3 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t ar i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h M i l l e r C r e e k t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h C h r i s t m a s C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 4 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u en c e w i t h C h r i s t m a s C r e e k t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e S n a h a p i sh R i v e r Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 5 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u en c e w i t h t h e S n a h a p i s h R i v e r t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h S t e q u a l eh o C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 6 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f lu e n c e w i t h S t e q u a l e h o C r e e k t o t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e S o l l e c ks R i v e r Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 7 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e S o l l e c k s R i v e r t o t h e i m p a s s a b l e f a l l s Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r 8 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e fa l l s t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Hu r s t C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i th t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s horeline jurisdiction Sh a l e C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i th t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s horeline jurisdiction Mi l l e r C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i th t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f shoreline jurisdiction Mi l l e r C r e e k E a s t F o r k 1 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t he c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e m a i n s t e m M i l l e r C r e e k t o t h e i m p a s s a b l e fa l l s Mi l l e r C r e e k E a s t F o r k 2 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t he i m p a s s a b l e f a l l s t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i ct i o n Ch r i s t m a s C r e e k Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t of shoreline jurisdiction Sn a h a p i s h R i v e r Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n c e w i t h t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t of shoreline jurisdiction St e q u a l e h o C r e e k 1 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n ce w i t h t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o t h e i m p a s s a b l e f a ll s St e q u a l e h o C r e e k 2 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e i m p a s s ab l e f a l l s t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n So l l e c k s R i v e r 1 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m t h e c o n f l u e n ce w i t h t h e m a i n s t e m C l e a r w a t e r R i v e r t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 6 . 3 So l l e c k s R i v e r 2 Cl e a r w a t e r R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s Fr o m R M 6 . 3 t o t h e u p s t r e a m e x t e n t o f s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n Sa l m o n R i v e r Sa l m o n R i v e r Th e s e c t i o n s w i t h i n t h e s h o r e l i n e j u r i s d i c t i o n a r e l e s s t ha n 2 m i l e s i n t o t a l l e n g t h , a n d a r e t h e r e f o r e c o n s i d e r e d a si n g l e r e a c h Ma t h e n y C r e e k Ma t h e n y C r e e k ( Q u e e t s / M a t h e n y C r e e k ) Th e s e g m e n t o f M a t h e n y C r e e k t h a t f a l l s w i t h i n s h o r e l i ne j u r i s d i c t i o n e x t e n d s f r o m t h e O N P b o u n d a r y u p s t r e a m t o th e O N F b o u n d a r y Qu i n a u l t R i v e r Qu i n a u l t R i v e r A 4 . 9 - m i l e s e c t i o n o f t h e Q u i n a u l t R i v e r d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e p a r k b o u n d a r y a n d u p s t r e a m o f t h e G r a y s H a r b o r c o u n t y li n e i s c l a s s i f i e d a s a sh o r e l i n e o f s t a t e w i d e s i g n i f i c an c e . T h i s s e c t i o n o f r i v e r is u p s t r e a m o f L a k e Q u i n a u l t . 1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 3.1.1 WRIA 16 (Skokomish-Dosewallips) 1 2 3 WRIA 16 extends from the Turner Creek watershed in southeast Jefferson County southward to, a Page 3-8 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan nd including, the Skokomish watershed in northwest Mason County (Figure 3-2). The four principal watersheds within this WRIA—the Dosewallips, the Duckabush, the Hamma Hamma and the Skokomish—originate in the rugged terrain of the Olympic Mountains and terminate along the western shore of Hood Canal. The Dosewallips and Duckabush basins lie entirely within Jefferson County. Although portions of the Hamma Hamma and Skokomish basins are in Jefferson County, they do not include shorelines of the state. Some portions are federal lands and therefore not under Jefferson County jurisdiction (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). Fulton Creek and the Dosewallips and Duckabush rivers were evaluated as part of WRIA 16 freshwater drainages within SMP jurisdiction. Walker, McDonald, and Turner creeks, as well as an unnamed creek south of Fulton Creek, were too small to fall within SMP jurisdiction, but their estuaries were evaluated as part of the marine shoreline. No specific information was available to describe riparian conditions in these small creeks, but surrounding land use and watershed hydrologic processes and conditions were evaluated by Ecology. The Dosewallips and Duckabush rivers are considered Habitat Core Areas by Jefferson County. Reaches A-C, the Fulton Creek Estuary, McDaniel Cove, the Duckabush River Estuary, Reaches F-I, the Dosewallips River Estuary, Reach J, and an unnamed creek estuary were evaluated as WRIA 16 nearshore areas within SMP jurisdiction. Figure 3-2. WRIA 16 in Southeast Jefferson County October 2008 Page 3-9 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 3.1.2 WRIA 17 (Quilcene-Snow) WRIA 17 includes portions of Jefferson and Clallam Counties, extending from the Marple/Jackson watershed in southeast Jefferson County northward and westward to, and including, the Contractors Creek watershed along the west side of Discovery Bay (Figures 3-3 and 3-4). WRIA 17 is bordered to the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to the east by Admiralty Inlet, northern Puget Sound and Hood Canal, and to the south and west by the Olympic Mountains and associated foothills and floodplains. Major basins within this watershed include the Big Quilcene River, Little Quilcene River, Hood Canal West, Admiralty Inlet, and Discovery Bay. Over 70 percent of the WRIA is privately owned (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). Figure 3-3. WRIA 17 (north) in Northeast Jefferson County Page 3-10 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 3-4. WRIA 17 (south) in Northeast Jefferson County Although all watersheds within WRIA 17 are addressed in this report, only the streams that fall under SMP jurisdiction are addressed in detail. Several other non-jurisdictional streams for which limited information was available were also included to better understand watershed estuarine effects. Freshwater systems under SMP jurisdiction that were evaluated are: the Big and Little Quilcene Rivers, Leland Lake, Lords Lake, Tarboo Lake, Sandy Shore Lake, Wahl Lake, Chimacum Creek, Anderson Lake, Gibbs and Peterson Lake, Snow Creek, Salmon Creek, and Crocker Lake. Other drainages (not under SMP jurisdiction) evaluated include: Spencer/Maple Creek, Devils Lake, Indian George Creek, Donovan Creek, Tarboo Creek, Thorndyke Creek, and Shine Creek Basin. Nearshore systems under SMP jurisdiction that were evaluated are: Jackson/Marple Creek Estuary, Spencer Creek Estuary, Reaches L-O, Bolton Peninsula, Taboo Bay/Estuary, Fisherman Harbor, Thorndyke Estuary, Reaches U-V, South Point Spit and Salt Marsh, Squamish Harbor, Shine Creek Estuary, Reach W, Port Ludlow, Mats Mats Bay, Oak Bay, Marrowstone Island, Kilisut Harbor, Port Townsend Bay, Chimacum Creek Estuary, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Snow Creek, Salmon Creek, Discovery Bay, Reaches X-Z, Reach AA, Bywater Bay, and Hood Head. October 2008 Page 3-11 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 3.1.3 WRIA 18 (Elwha-Dungeness) WRIA 18 includes two large river systems (Dungeness and Elwha Rivers); one medium sized river system (Morse Creek); and 14 smaller independent drainages, all of which drain to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The headwaters of the Upper Dungeness, Grey Wolf, and Elwha River Upper basins fall within Jefferson County. Thirty percent of the Dungeness River watershed and 83 percent of the Elwha River watershed are within the federal lands of the Olympic National Park (ONP) (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). WRIA 18 has no SMA-regulated shorelines in Jefferson County. 3.1.4 WRIA 20 (Sol Duc-Hoh) The largest drainage basin in WRIA 20 is the Quillayute, with its four major subbasins: the Dickey, Calawah, Bogachiel, and Sol Duc (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008) (Figure 3-5). Only a small fraction of this basin (i.e., parts of the Bogachiel and lower Quillayutes subbasins) is within Jefferson County. The second largest drainage basin is the Hoh, which lies almost entirely within Jefferson County. WRIA 20 river and stream channels within the Jefferson County SMP jurisdictional area include the Upper, Middle, and Lower Hoh, the Hoh South Fork, Goodman, Mosquito, and Steamboat, and parts of the Bogachiel (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). The Bogachiel River within the SMP boundary includes just five miles, from RM 17 to RM 22. Goodman, Mosquito, and Steamboat creeks are almost entirely within the SMP jurisdiction, except for short (i.e., one-mile long) downstream reaches that flow through the coastal ONP. WRIA 20 has no nearshore reaches under the jurisdiction of Jefferson County. Page 3-12 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 3-5. WRIA 20 in Northwest Jefferson County 3.1.5 WRIA 21 (Queets-Quinault) WRIA 21 extends from Kalaloch Creek in Jefferson County in the north to Conner Creek in Grays Harbor County in the south (Figure 3-6). The largest basins within the WRIA are the Queets and Quinault. The Queets Upper, Middle, Lower, Matheny, and Salmon River subbasins, along with the Quinault Upper, North Fork, Clearwater, and Quinault Lake Frontal subbasins lie within Jefferson County. The Clearwater subbasin lies almost entirely within Jefferson County SMP jurisdiction. This subbasin is large and contains numerous significant tributaries, including Shale, Miller, Christmas, Stequaleho, and Hurst creeks, and Snahapish and Sollecks rivers. Other streams within the Jefferson County SMP jurisdiction include about two miles of the Kalaloch Creek, about four miles of Matheny Creek (a tributary of the middle Queets), about two miles of the Salmon River (a tributary of the lower Queets) (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008), and about five miles of the Quinault River. October 2008 Page 3-13 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 3-6. WRIA 21 in Southwest Jefferson County The part of the Quinault basin within Jefferson County lies on Federal land (both ONP and NFS). Along the 4.9-mile-section of the Quinault River within Jefferson County, the north bank is ONP and the south bank is NFS riparian reserve, rural residential, and wilderness, with a handful of private timber holdings within the reserve. The upper watershed is largely protected by the ONP and considered to be in good condition. Although lower reaches of the Queets River are in Jefferson County, these do not fall within SMP jurisdiction, as they are on federal land. Page 3-14 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 4.0 OVERVIEW OF RESTORATION PRIOIRITIES This section provides a broad overview of the individual watersheds and nearshore reaches that are considered high priorities for restoration. The following chapter (Chapter 5) provides information on specific restoration opportunities within these watersheds/reaches. The relative restoration potential and restoration priorities summarized below were determined by Ecology (2007) and Battelle Marine Science Laboratory (Diefenderfer et al., 2006a, b) in separate but related studies pertaining to the freshwater and nearshore environments, respectively. This section addresses only eastern Jefferson County as the Ecology and Battelle studies did not include the western part of the County. The assessment methods and the assumptions underlying the Ecology and Battelle analyses are provided in Appendices A and B, respectively. Readers are strongly encouraged to review these appendices as this plan only summarizes their results. 4.1 FRESHWATER RESTORATION POTENTIAL The Draft Ecology Watershed Characterization for Eastern Jefferson County (2007) analyzed individual watersheds in WRIAs 16 and 17 to determine relative restoration potential and priority13 . Ecology rated each watershed in terms of its level of importance in performing freshwater water flow processes and evaluated the extent to which each watershed was altered. The ‘importance rating’ was then compared to the ‘alteration rating’ so that each watershed could be assigned to a category based on its relative suitability for restoration, protection, or development (Figure 4-1). This approach assumes that, in general: • Areas of high importance (for water processes) are higher priorities for restoration than areas of low importance, and • Areas of low alteration are higher priorities for preservation than highly altered areas, and • Highly altered (i.e., urbanized or developed) areas should generally not be high priorities for restoration. 13 WRIAs 18, 20 and 21 were not evaluated as part of Ecology’s study. October 2008 Page 4-1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 4-1. Determining restoration, protection and development categories for hydrologic processes (Ecology 2007) For each category (restoration, protection, and development), there are two tiers—tier 1 represents the highest priority areas for that category and tier 2 represents the secondary priority areas for the category and shown below: Protection Restoration Development Tier 1 (Highest Priority) Tier 2 (Secondary Priority) Page 4-2 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan When using Ecology’s watershed characterization for ecosystem restoration planning, it is important to note that the goal of the study was to describe hydrologic processes. It does not characterize all ecosystem processes and it does not directly assess biological functions. The watershed characterization focuses on groundwater and surface water movement because the way that water flows through a watershed has a major impact on other key ecosystem processes (related to water quality, sediment generation and transport, and the movement of organic materials such as large woody debris) and therefore influences habitat structure and biological function. Hydrologic processes drive other important functions; therefore the former can serve as an indicator of the latter. Other assumptions should be considered when evaluating this model: • The ratings are coarse-scale. Analysis was at the watershed scale, not at the reach scale. As an example, it is possible that there are some restoration opportunities in watersheds categorized as ‘development ‘and some development opportunities in areas categorized as ‘restoration’. • Rating categories are not absolute. A rating of ‘development’ or ‘restoration’ applies generally to the sub-basin as a whole. It does not exclude or devalue the need to protect existing resources in those watersheds. All areas in the watershed are protected under existing regulations and management policies. • Categories suggest types of policies that should be emphasized. For areas in the ‘protection’ category, strengthening regulations and policies is emphasized. For areas in the ‘restoration’ category, strengthening restoration efforts, programs and projects is emphasized. The results of this analysis should be evaluated again in light of community goals and information on locally significant habitats so that site-specific priorities for restoration and protection within each area of the watershed are fully understood. Ecology rated the following watersheds as areas where freshwater restoration should be emphasized: • Tier 1 Restoration - Lower Big Quilcene, Donovan Creek and middle Chimacum Creek. • Tier 2 Restoration - Upper and lower Chimacum Creek, McDonald Creek, Walker Creek (including Pleasant Harbor), Discovery Bay-East Shore, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and Marrowstone Island. These areas are priorities for restoration due to moderate to high levels of alteration and relatively high hydrologic importance. Restoration in these priority watersheds could also help offset impacts of development occurring in areas prioritized for development. Ecology rated the following watersheds as areas where protection of existing freshwater resources should be emphasized: • Tier 1 Protection- Fulton Creek, Dosewallips, Rocky Brook, Spencer/Marple Creeks, Devils Lake and Big Quilcene River, Toandos and Bolton Peninsulas, Tarboo Creek, October 2008 Page 4-3 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Thorndyke Creek, Port Ludlow, Snow Creek, and Squamish Harbor, Bywater Bay, Hood Head, and Tala Point. • Tier 2 Protection- Southern Discovery Bay - West Shore, Little Quilcene River, Upper Salmon Creek, and Oak Bay. Protection is the priority in these areas due to their importance for sustaining intact water flow processes (precipitation and snow-driven events, surface and groundwater processes) and their relatively low level of alteration. Low-impact developments that would allow critical landscape processes to be sustained may be preferred for these priority protection areas. The Port Townsend Bay watershed was considered to be ‘processes altered’ and was not recommended as a priority for freshwater restoration efforts. Ecology also identified the Leland Creek sub basin as a ‘development’ area, but information provided by the Pacific Ecological Institute (PEI) notes that unmapped tributaries and wetlands in the headwaters provide vital habitat for spawning salmon including coho, summer chum, and trout (cutthroat and steelhead) making protection of these resources very important (Larson and Hunter, 2008). The results of Ecology’s analysis are depicted in Figure 4-2 and described in detail in Appendix A. Page 4-4 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Hood Head is a Protection area (color not shown on map) Figure 4-2. Freshwater Priority Areas for Restoration & Protection (Ecology 2007). October 2008 Page 4-5 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 4.2 NEARSHORE RESTORATION POTENTIAL Battelle (Diefenderfer et al., 2006a, b) evaluated the marine nearshore conditions of 13 drainages with direct nearshore input and their estuaries to assess the potential for long-term, self- sustaining shoreline restoration, considering the importance of watershed condition, function, and presence of biological resources to estuarine and marine riparian areas of eastern Jefferson County. Over 50 nearshore drift cells were evaluated for the presence and significance of a series of stressors and a series of functions to identify nearshore areas with the greatest potential for restoration success. Not all nearshore functions or sources of stressors were assessed. Readers are encouraged to read Appendix B for a complete description of the methods. Stress and function scores were calculated for each drift cell and watershed in eastern Jefferson County. Results were presented in a matrix comparing drift cell stress versus function and drift cell stress versus watershed stress. A reach with a combination of low stress and high function was indicative of the best ecosystem conditions. Conversely, a reach with high stress and low function was indicative of the poorest ecosystem conditions (Diefenderfer et al., 2006a, b). Battelle interpreted the results of their model based on the following tenet: that restoration is increasingly contraindicated by high levels of disturbance on small (i.e., drift cell unit), large (i.e., watershed), or combined scales. If disturbance is high on the drift cell and watershed scales, then landscape-scale restoration is required to achieve restoration success. Low disturbance on both small and large scales indicates the need for preservation and/or conservation. Sites with moderate disturbances have a greater choice of options, depending on the outcome of specific evaluation criteria. Watersheds with low stress scores indicate that landscape processes are sufficiently intact to make them suitable for restoration. Five of 13 watersheds with low stress scores had stressed drift cell units, suggesting these watersheds are priorities for nearshore restoration (Table 4-1). A summary of stressor and function scores for drift cell units is presented in Figure 4-3 and Table 4-2. Figures 4-4 and 4-5 show the reach (drift cell) and shorezone unit identifiers. Figure 4-6 shows the scatter plot results for stressors and functions at the drift cell and watershed scales. Table 4-1. Nearshore Restoration Priorities Based on Battelle Study Reaches/Drift Cells with High Stress Watersheds with Low Stress Reach A Fulton Creek Reach J Dosewallips River Reach O Big Quilcene, Little Quilcene, and Donovan Creek Reach R Tarboo Creek Reach III Salmon, Snow, Trapper, and Andrews Creeks Page 4-6 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 4-3. Nearshore Drift Cell Stressor and Function Scores (Diefenderfer et al., 2006b) Dark red areas with the highest Stressor scores (left panel) are the most altered reaches of the marine shoreline according to Battelle’s analysis. Likewise, dark green areas with the highest Function scores (right panel) are the most valuable in terms of the nearshore functions assessed in the Battelle analysis. October 2008 Page 4-7 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 4-4 Drift Cell and Shorezone Reach Polygons used in Battelle Study, Northeastern Jefferson County Page 4-8 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 4-5 Drift Cell and Shorezone Reach Polygons used in Battelle Study, Southeastern Jefferson County October 2008 Page 4-9 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Table 4-2. Nearshore Reaches (Drift Cells) with High Function and Low Stress Ratings Based on Battelle Study Reach/Drift Cell Waterbody High Function 14 Low Stress 15 Notes x=YES x=YES A Fulton Creek and Associated Nearshore B Fulton Creek and Associated Nearshore C Fulton Creek and Associated Nearshore Fill and alterations in the Fulton Creek estuary and along drift cells leading to this area warranted a high to moderately high stressor score and low function score. D Duckabush River and Black Point E Duckabush River and Black Point X X Duckabush River estuary was rated as having low stress on a watershed scale. For the Duckabush estuary drift cell stress was moderately low and function was moderate. Stressors affecting the estuary may come from degradation within the estuary itself, rather than from upland sources. Small areas of high stress and low function deep within the estuary (measured on the ShoreZone Unit scale) indicate localized degradation. F Duckabush River and Black Point G Duckabush River and Black Point H Duckabush River and Black Point I Dosewallips River and Brinnon Shoreline Reaches F-I were not evaluated on a watershed scale. Drift cell stressors for Reaches F, G, H, and I were moderate, moderately low, moderately high, and high, respectively. Reach F received a moderate function rating, while Reaches G, H, and I received low function ratings. The Dosewallips estuary drift cell was rated as maintaining moderately low functions under moderately high stressors. . J Dosewallips River and Brinnon Shoreline Reach J received a low watershed stress rating. The drift cell stressors along Reach J were rated as moderately high to high and the drift cell function was moderate to moderately low. K Jackson Shoreline X The drift cell stressors along Reach K were rated as moderately high to high and the drift cell function was moderate to moderately low. 14 These are reaches (drift cells) that received an ecological function that was higher than the mean. Functions considered are: herring spawning, herring holding, surf smelt spawning, sand lance spawning, geoduck, rare plants, wetlands, eelgrass, bull kelp, and intertidal macroalgae (See Appendix B). 15 These are reaches (drift cells) that received a stressor score that was higher than the mean. Stressors that were considered are: roads, fish passage barriers, shoreline armoring (e.g., bulkheads, rip rap) high risk septic systems, marinas, shoreline modifications (launch ramps, rail launches, docks, stairs, jetties/groins), shellfish closure areas, WDOE facilities of interest, fill, dredge, and diking (See Appendix B). Page 4-10 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Reach/Drift Waterbody High Low Notes Cell Function 14 Stress 15 x=YES x=YES Table 4-2. Nearshore Reaches etc. (continued) L Jackson Shoreline The Spencer/Marple Creek watershed stress score was rated as moderate. Drift cell stressors for the Jackson/Marple Creek Estuary (included in Reach L) were rated as moderately stressed, with moderate function. M Quilcene Bay X N Quilcene Bay X X The Devil’s Lake watershed was rated as moderately stressed based in part on road density and the number of road crossings. These stressors may be due to a generalized Devil’s Lake watershed boundary, which includes numerous short, unnamed drainages that flow directly into Dabob Bay and Jackson Cove. The small drainages have dozens of roads and road crossings within their riparian corridors, but the roads and culverts do not directly affect (for the most part) the Devil’s Creek or Indian George drainage basins, unless the data are grouped together and analyzed as a single watershed. Reach N, which includes the Herb Beck Marina, was given a moderate watershed stress score. Drift cell scores for Reach N were rated low for stress and moderately high for function. O Quilcene Bay X Reach O, including Indian George and Donovan Creek estuaries, was given a moderately low watershed stress score. Drift cell scores for Reach O were rated high for stress and moderately low for function. P Quilcene Bay X X Q Dabob Bay X X A watershed stress score was not evaluated for Bolton Peninsula. East Bolton Peninsula (Reach Q) was given a low drift cell stress rating and a moderate function rating. West Bolton Peninsula (Reach P) was given a moderate drift cell stress rating and a high function rating. R Dabob Bay The Tarboo Creek watershed was rated as having a moderately low watershed stress score. Reach R associated with Tarboo Bay and Estuary was given a high drift cell stress rating and a moderately low function rating. S Dabob Bay This reach on the west shore of the Toandos Peninsula was rated as having moderately low function and low stress. T Southern Toandos Peninsula, Thorndyke Bay, and Squamish Harbor X X U Southern Toandos Peninsula, Thorndyke Bay, and Squamish Harbor X Fisherman Harbor, located at the south end of Toandos Peninsula (Reach T) was rated as having low drift cell stress and medium drift cell function. Reach U, also located at the south end of the peninsula was rated as having moderately low stress and moderate function. A watershed stress score was not assessed. The Thorndyke Creek Estuary was given a low watershed stress score. Despite extensive shoreline alterations in a few areas along Reach V (associated with the Thorndyke Creek watershed), drift cell scores for the Thorndyke Estuary were rated as moderately stressed and moderately functioning. The north shoreline of Squamish Harbor exhibited high stress and moderately high function. The south shore of Squamish Harbor (Reach W, Lower Shine Creek Estuary) exhibited moderately low stress and moderate function. A watershed stress score for Squamish Harbor was not evaluated. October 2008 Page 4-11 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Reach/Drift Waterbody High Low Notes Cell Function 14 Stress 15 x=YES x=YES Table 4-2. Nearshore Reaches etc. (continued) V Southern Toandos Peninsula, Thorndyke Bay, and Squamish Harbor X X W Southern Toandos Peninsula, Thorndyke Bay, and Squamish Harbor X X Hood Canal Bridge to Tala Point X X Y Hood Canal Bridge to Tala Point Z Hood Canal Bridge to Tala Point X X AA Hood Canal Bridge to Tala Point X X These reaches have moderately high to high function and low stress. BB Port Ludlow CC Port Ludlow DD Port Ludlow X The Port Ludlow watershed was rated as moderately stressed. Drift cell scores for the inner harbor and estuary (Reach CC) were rated as highly stressed, having low function. The reach along Tala Point (Reach BB) was rated as exhibiting moderate stress and moderately low function. The shoreline between Port Ludlow and Mats Mats Bay (Reach DD) was rated as exhibiting moderately high stress and moderate function. EE Mats Mats Bay FF Oak Bay GG Oak Bay HH Oak Bay II Oak Bay JJ South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island No watershed stress score was calculated for Oak/Mats Mats Bay. The Piddling Creek shoreline (located in Mats Mats Bay) exhibits moderately high stress and low function. Drift cell stress ratings (Reaches HH, II, and JJ) were moderately low and function ratings ranged from low to medium low on the west side of Oak Bay. Drift cell stress ratings were moderate and function ratings were moderately high for the east shore along Indian Island. No watershed stress score was calculated for Oak Bay/Indian Island. KK South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island X LL South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island The east shore of Marrowstone Island was rated having low stress and the north shore as moderately stressed. The east shore was rated as exhibiting low function, while the north shore was rated as exhibiting moderately high function. The west shore of Marrowstone was rated low to moderately low for function and moderate to highly stressed. Page 4-12 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Reach/Drift Waterbody High Low Notes Cell Function 14 Stress 15 x=YES x=YES Table 4-2. Nearshore Reaches etc. (continued) MM South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island X NN South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island OO South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island PP South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island X QQ South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island RR South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island X SS South Indian Island and Marrowstone Island X TT South Indian Island (US Navy) X X No County jurisdiction. UU Indian Island (US Navy) X X No County jurisdiction. VV Indian Island (Rat Island) x X No County jurisdiction. The Indian Island shoreline within Kilisut Harbor exhibited moderately low stress and moderate function. Rat Island (Reach VV), along the northern tip of Indian Island exhibited low stress and high function. Scow Bay exhibits high stress and moderately high function. WW Indian Island (Navy) X X No County jurisdiction. XX Indian Island (Navy) X No County jurisdiction. YY Port Townsend Bay ZZ Port Townsend Bay This area exhibited moderately high stress and low function. AAA Port Townsend Bay Port Hadlock exhibited moderately high stress and low function. The shoreline reaches between the Portage Canal and Port Hadlock exhibited high stress and moderately low function. The Irondale to Chimacum Creek Estuary Drift Cell (Reach AAA) was rated as being moderately high stressed and moderately low function. October 2008 Page 4-13 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Reach/Drift Waterbody High Low Notes Cell Function 14 Stress 15 x=YES x=YES Table 4-2. Nearshore Reaches etc. (continued) BBB Port Townsend Bay X X CCC Port Townsend Bay (portion outside of City) Reach CCC (including Glen Cove and the City of Port Townsend) was rated as highly stressed and exhibiting moderate function. DDD City of PT shoreline X X No County jurisdiction. EEE City of PT shoreline X X FFF Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X The shoreline along the Strait of Juan de Fuca exhibited moderately low stress and moderately high function. GGG Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X HHH Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X These reaches were rated as having high function and moderately high stress. III Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X The Salmon/Snow Creek watersheds were rated as having moderately low stress. The inner Salmon/Snow Creek Estuary was rated as having moderate function and high stress, and the south part of the bay along this estuary as moderately high function and high stress. JJJ Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X KKK Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X X LLL Strait of Juan de Fuca and Discovery Bay X The Discovery Bay East Shore was moderately stressed (except Cape George, which was highly stressed), and exhibiting moderately high function. The Discovery Bay West Shore was given a moderate watershed stress score. Drift cell scores along the western shore (Reaches JJJ-LLL) range from low to moderate stress and high function. Contractor’s Point was experiencing moderately high stress, but exhibiting moderately high functions. Island X Strait of Juan de Fuca Not rated. Island XI Strait of Juan de Fuca Not rated. Page 4-14 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Figure 4-6 Battelle Drift Cell Stressor and Function Scores at the Reach (Top) and Watershed (Bottom) Scales (Diefenderfer et al., 2006b) October 2008 Page 4-15 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 5.0 RECOMMENDED RESTORATION ACTIONS The restoration opportunities and recommended actions presented here were derived from technical studies done in support of the SMP or other published reports or are based on input provided by knowledgeable experts from Jefferson County, state and federal agencies, area tribes, the Jefferson County Marine Resources Committee, NGOs, and the general public 16 . In compiling the lists of recommended actions for each watershed, the County identified some of the most apparent and significant causes of shoreline degradation and impairment and matched them with the restoration actions (from the menu of restoration actions in Tables 1-1 and 2-1) that would have the greatest opportunity for achieving the goals in Chapter 2. So, if replacing bulkheads with bio-stabilization is listed in the table, it is because the bulkheads are extensive, appear to be unnecessary (i.e., expanding lawns rather than protecting residences), are noted as being directly related to an impairment (blocking shallow water habitat or interfering with natural drift cell functions), or are otherwise believed to be high priority issues that need corrective action in that specific area. Similarly, replacing decking material on docks and other in-water structures is mentioned in locations where it is a priority because there is a proliferation of docks and other structures that are interrupting long-shore drift or shading out eelgrass habitat, even though that action would be applicable anywhere there is a dock. For each recommended action there is general list of the implementation steps that would likely be required before the action could be implemented and a qualitative estimate of the relative cost, required time, and technical and logistical difficulty or complexity (rated as High, Medium or Low). Additional restoration opportunities may be present in Jefferson County that are not identified in the tables and some of the actions identified here may prove to be infeasible or impractical based on further analysis. This list should be used as a starting point for future collaboration and planning. Programmatic restoration/conservation actions that are applicable to all areas of the County are also identified in this Chapter. Implementing the programmatic actions will also help to improve ecological conditions over time. 5.1 PROGRAMMATIC ACTIONS Where compiling information on ecological degradation and impairment in Jefferson County, it is common to encounter management recommendations related to conservation practices, education and outreach efforts, and enforcement of existing regulations—all of which would potentially have beneficial outcomes that improve ecological conditions over time. These actions 16 Jefferson County conducted an inventory of shoreline conditions in 2006 - 2007 as part of the SMP update process. The inventory identifies areas of the shoreline that have been damaged or impaired by past actions and areas that are relatively unaltered or undisturbed. The inventory results are presented in a technical report referred to as the Shoreline Inventory and Characterization Report (SICR, or I&C report) (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008 available at http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/commdevelopment/ShorelineInventory.htm). A summary of that information is provided in Appendix C. October 2008 Page 5-1 Jefferson Count Restoration Plan y SMP Update Page 5-2 October 2008 should be broadly and comprehensively implemented on a programmatic basis to help achieve restoration goals. The following programmatic actions are recommended for Jefferson County: • Managing water withdrawals to address in-stream flows, especially in water-limited basins; • Implementing best management practices to control runoff from agricultural lands; • Encouraging low impact development practices for shoreline property owners; • Inspecting, maintaining and fixing leaking or unauthorized septic systems to prevent nutrient and bacteria loading in streams and bays. Where possible, public sewer systems should be installed to replace on-site septic systems; • Educating property owners about proper vegetation/landscape maintenance (including preservation of native vegetation along stream/nearshore riparian corridors) to promote shore stabilization and protect water quality; • Reforesting commercial forest lands and repairing/abandoning forest roads; • Educating property owners about the negative impacts of shore armoring and over- water structures and encouraging soft shore protection where shore protection is unavoidable. • Continuing to survey and monitor invasive species, including noxious weeds and nonnative invertebrates (e.g., tunicates), and initiating eradication programs as needed; and • Educating boaters about proper waste disposal methods, anchoring techniques, and other best boating practices to minimize habitat damage and prevent water quality contamination. 5.2 RESTORATION RECOMENDATIONS - WRIA 16 Restoration recommendations for freshwater and nearshore areas of WRIA 16 are summarized in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2, respectively. The recommendations are described relative to the benefits they would help to achieve. Implementing these recommendations would complement the protection efforts encompassed in the SMP. Both protection and restoration efforts are necessary to offset impacts of existing and future development, repair past damages, and improve the ecological baseline. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Ta b l e 5 - 1 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 Re c o m m e n d e d Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Co n s i d e r a t i o n s 17 Expected Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Fu l t o n C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : I m p a i r m e n t s a r e m a i n l y d u e t o f o r e s t p r a c t i c e s ( c l e a r i n g a n d ro a d c o n s t r u c t i o n ) a n d n u m e r o u s s e p t i c s y s t e m s n e a r r i v e r s a n d m a rine waterbodies. Se d i m e n t l o a d i n g a n d h i g h s t r e a m t e m p e r a t u r e s h a v e d e g r a d e d f r e s h w a t e r h a b i t a t s , e s p e c i a l l y i n l o w e r r e a c h e s w h e r e b a n k s a r e e r od i n g . H i g h n u t r i e n t l o a d s a r e i m p a i r i n g st r e a m s a n d e s t u a r i e s . F i s h p a s s a g e i s i m p a i r e d d u e t o b l o c k e d / u n d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e b l o c k e d / u n d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s i n t h e up p e r w a t e r s h e d . I d e a l l y be g i n a t d o w n s t r e a m e n d an d w o r k u p s t r e a m b u t a l s o pr o c e e d o p p o r t u n i s t i c a l l y . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t c u l v e r t Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L Increase miles of stream habitat accessible to salmonids. Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n i n t h e l o w e r re a c h t o t h e f a l l s . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Stabilize banks with vegetation. Improve shading to ameliorate high stream temperatures. Increase LWD recruitment potential and organic inputs (food chain support). Create buffers to trap sediments and nutrients. Re m o v e t h e o l d l e v e e n e a r RM 0 . 4 . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o a s s e s s f l o o d i s s u e s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n l e v e e r e m o v a l Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e l e v e e Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H H Reduce channel constriction, reconnect stream and floodplain/wetland habitat. 17 T h e s e a r e p r e l i m i n a r y q u a l i t a t i v e r a t i n g s o f t h e r e l a t i v e l e v e l o f c o m p l e x i t y , c o s t , a n d t i m e r e qu i r e d t o i m p l e m e n t t h e r e c o m m en d e d a c t i o n . H = H i g h , M = M o d e r a t e , L= L o w b a s e d o n b e s t p r o f e s s i o n a l j u d g m e n t o f t h e p l a n a u t h o r s . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-3 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s 17 Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 1 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Du c k a b u s h R i v e r Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : C l e a r c u t t i n g i n t h e l o w e r w a t e r s h e d h a s r e d u c e d t h e p o t e n t i a l fo r L W D r e c r u i t m e n t . D e v e l o p m e n t o n s t r e a m b a n k s h a s r e m o v e d r i p arian vegetation an d d e s t a b i l i z e d b a n k s . B a n k a r m o r i n g i s e x t e n s i v e d o w n s t r e a m of t h e B P A P o w e r l i n e s . F l o o d p l a i n fi l l , c h a n n e l c o n s t r i c t i o n , a n d l a c k o f s i d e c h a n n e l h a b i t a t a r e p r o b l e m s i n th e l o w e r r e a c h e s . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Ad d L W D f o r c h a n n e l co m p l e x i t y . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n d i n - s t r e a m h a b i t a t a s s e s s m e n t to d e t e r m i n e l o g s i z e a n d p l a c e m e n t Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n L W D i n s t a l l a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l l o g s Mo n i t o r s t r e a m h a b i t a t f u n c t i o n M L M Improve in-stream conditions for fish by facilitating development of pools and riffles. Reduce potential for spawning bed scour. Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n i n t h e l o w e r re a c h a n d a t Mu r h u t / D u c k a b u s h co n f l u e n c e . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Stabilize banks with vegetation. Improve shading to ameliorate high stream temperatures. Increase LWD recruitment potential and organic inputs (food chain support). Create buffers to trap sediments and nutrients. Re m o v e b a n k a r m o r i n g t o op e n s i d e c h a n n e l s a n d re c o n n e c t f l o o d p l a i n h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g l a n d o w n e r s Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e ba n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n a p p r o a c h Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y i f n e e d e d De s i g n n e w b a n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n ( b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n ) Pr e p a r e g r a d i n g a n d p l a n n i n g p l a n s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H M M Increase rearing habitat for salmonids. Improve natural sediment supply and transport processes. Pa g e 5 - 4 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s 17 Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 1 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e b l o c k e d / u n d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s . I d e a l l y be g i n a t d o w n s t r e a m e n d an d w o r k u p s t r e a m b u t a l s o pr o c e e d o p p o r t u n i s t i c a l l y . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t c u l v e r t Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L Increase miles of stream habitat accessible to salmonids. Do s e w a l l i p s Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : R o a d a n d s e p t i c s y s t e m d e n s i t i e s a r e h i g h w i t h i n t h e l o w e r r i v e r re a c h . F e c a l c o l i f o r m l o a d i n g i s a p r o b l e m . F o r e s t p r a c t i c e s and development have el i m i n a t e d s i d e c h a n n e l s , w e t l a n d s , a n d l o g j a m s . T h e m a i n s t e m i s c h a n n e l i z e d a n d t h e l o w e r c h a n n e l m i g r a t i o n z o n e i s c o n s t r i c t ed b y S R 1 0 1 , t h e t o w n o f B r i n n o n ( f r o m S R 10 1 w e s t t o a r e v e t m e n t ) , a n d D o s e w a l l i p s S t a t e P a r k ( e a s t o f t he l a r g e l e v e e ) . B a n k a r m o r i n g r e s t r i c t s c h a n n e l m i g r a t i o n a n d a c c e s s t o m a j o r s i d e c h a n n e l s a n d f l o o d p l a i n s ar o u n d R M 2 , n e a r t h e L a z y C d e v e l o p m e n t . N e a r R M 5 , a m i l e - l o n g s i d e c h a n n e l h a s b e e n is o l a t e d f r o m t h e m a i n c h a n n e l . R e m o v a l o f l o g j a m s h a s d i s c o n n e c t e d t h i s s i d e ch a n n e l a n d d e s t a b i l i z e d t h e c h a n n e l b e d , e l i m in a t i n g c r i t i c a l h a b i t a t f o r f i s h s p a w n i ng a n d o v e r w i n t e r i n g . W i n t e r s t e e l h e a d a n d C h i n o o k , s u m m e r c h u m a n d p i n k s a l m o n r u n s ha v e s t e a d i l y d e c l i n e d . W o o d r e m o v a l f r o m g r a v e l b a r s i n t h e B r in n o n F l a t r e a c h i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e l a c k o f p o o l h a b i t a t a n d c o m p l e x i t y . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re m o v e i n t e r t i d a l f i l l , b a n k ar m o r i n g , a n d a c c u m u l a t e d se d i m e n t a t S t e e l h e a d Ca m p g r o u n d . Co n d u c t s i t e s t u d i e s t o d e f i n e a r e a a n d q u a n t i t i e s f o r fi l l r e m o v a l Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e ba n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n a p p r o a c h De s i g n n e w b a n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n ( b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n ) Pr e p a r e g r a d i n g a n d p l a n n i n g p l a n s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H M M Increase rearing habitat for salmonids. Improve natural sediment supply and transport processes. Reconnect stream and floodplain/wetland habitat. Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Stabilize banks with vegetation. Improve shading to ameliorate high stream temperatures. Increase LWD recruitment potential and organic inputs (food chain support). Create buffers to trap sediments and nutrients. Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-5 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s 17 Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 1 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Ad d e n g i n e e r e d l o g j a m s un t i l n a t u r a l L W D re c r u i t m e n t o c c u r s . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n d i n - s t r e a m h a b i t a t a s s e s s m e n t to d e t e r m i n e l o g s i z e a n d p l a c e m e n t Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n L W D i n s t a l l a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l l o g s Mo n i t o r s t r e a m h a b i t a t f u n c t i o n M L M Improve in-stream conditions for fish by facilitating development of pools and riffles. Reduce potential for spawning bed scour. Ex p l o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o cr e a t e n a t u r a l s i d e c h a n n e l s in a r e a s r e c e n t l y a c q u i r e d by J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y i n t h e vi c i n i t y o f t h e L a z y C . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e c h a n n e l si z e / d e s i g n Pr e p a r e g r a d i n g a n d p l a n t i n g p l a n s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H M M Increase rearing habitat for salmonids. Improve shading to ameliorate high stream temperatures. Stabilize banks with vegetation. Increase LWD recruitment potential and organic inputs (food chain support). Create buffers to trap sediments and nutrients Wo r k w i t h J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y , St a t e P a r k s , a n d P o r t Ga m b l e S ' K l a l l a m T r i b e t o re s t o r e u n d e v e l o p e d ri p a r i a n - f l o o d p l a i n pr o p e r t i e s t h e y a r e at t e m p t i n g t o a c q u i r e f r o m RM 1 . 2 t o 2 . 1 . Co m p l e t e p r o p e r t y a c q u i s i t i o n / r i g h t - o f - w a y De s i g n r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i o n s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p r o j e c t M M M Stabilize banks with vegetation. Improve shading to ameliorate high stream temperatures. Increase LWD recruitment potential and organic inputs (food chain support). Create buffers to trap sediments and nutrients. Su p p o r t t h e W i l d F i s h Co n s e r v a n c y ’ s e f f o r t s t o re m o v e a d i k e , r e s t o r e r i v e r - es t u a r y c o n n e c t i v i t y , a n d im p r o v e t i d a l e x c h a n g e i n a bl i n d t i d a l s l o u g h t h r o u g h cu l v e r t r e p l a c e m e n t . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n d h a b i t a t a s s e s s m e n t t o de t e r m i n e d i k e r e m o v a l f e a s i b i l i t y a n d c u l v e r t re p l a c e m e n t Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l / c o n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M L M Restore sediment transport processes. Improve rearing habitat for fish by restoring saltwater-freshwater habitat connectivity. Improve water quality by enhancing estuary flushing and circulation. Pa g e 5 - 6 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Ta b l e 5 - 2 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 Re c o m m e n d e d R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Expected Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Fu l t o n C r e e k E s t u a r y ( R e a c h A ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e r e a r e e x t e n s i v e a r e a s o f fi l l p r o t e c t e d b y b u l k h e a d s a l o n g t h e u n n a m e d c r e e k a n d e s t u a r y s o u t h o f F u l t o n C r e e k . A W D F W p a rking lot at a pa r k / p u b l i c s h e l l f i s h h a r v e s t i n g a r e a h a s cr e a t e d a s i z a b l e a r e a o f f l o o d p l a i n c o n s t r i c t i o n a n d e s t u a r y f i l l . U p l a n d v e g e t a t i on , i n c l u d i n g e x o t i c v e g e t a t i o n , n e a r t h e up s t r e a m s i d e o f F u l t o n C r e e k a t t h e S R 1 0 1 c r o s s i n g , i s d i s p l a c i n g f o r m e r s a l t m a r s h . T h i s a r e a a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n d r e d g e d , po s s i b l y t o f i l l i n t h e i n t e r t i d a l a r e a o n th e o p p o s i t e s i d e o f t h e h i g h w a y . A m i n i m a l am o u n t o f l o w - e l e v a t i o n s a l t m a r s h r e m a in s s e a w a r d o f t h e h i g h w a y c r o s s i n g . Ra t i n g : B a t t e l l e r a t e d t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e i n t e r t i d a l f i l l a n d a r m o r i n g f r o m WD F W p a r k i n g l o t o n c r e e k m o u t h s o u t h of F u l t o n C r e e k . Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d gr a d e s Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o de t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e b a n k st a b i l i z a t i o n a p p r o a c h Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r gr a d i n g , f i l l r e m o v a l a n d b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r e s t u a r y r e c o v e r y M M M Improve and increase floodplain and shallow water nearshore habitat, including potential forage fish habitat (e.g., sand lance). Improve and increase estuary/ rearing habitat for salmon. Re m o v e f i l l a n d a r m o r i n g f r o m F u l t o n Cr e e k e s t u a r y a s f e a s i b l e a r o u n d t h e S R 10 1 c r o s s i n g a n d p r i v a t e p r o p e r t i e s . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s / ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d gr a d e s Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o de t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e b a n k st a b i l i z a t i o n a p p r o a c h Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r gr a d i n g a n d e x c a v a t i o n De s i g n r o a d i m p r o v e m e n t s t o pr o t e c t S R 1 0 1 i f n e c e s s a r y Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r e s t u a r y r e c o v e r y H M M- H Improve and increase estuary/ rearing habitat for salmon. Improve nearshore sediment supply and transport. Improve nearshore LWD supply and transport. Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-7 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Re c o m m e n d e d R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Expected Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 2 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re m o v e f i l l a n d u p l a n d v e g e t a t i o n f r o m dr e d g e d s a l t m a r s h a b o v e S R 1 0 1 . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o id e n t i f y o p t i on s f o r i n v a s i v e p l a n t re m o v a l a n d e s t u a r y r e - es t a b l i s h m e n t Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r f i l l re m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f ne e d e d De v e l o p p l a n t i n g p l a n s i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e d r e d g e m a t e r i a l Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p r o j e c t H H H Improve and increase marsh habitat for shorebirds and other species. Improve and increase estuary/ rearing habitat for salmon. Mc D a n i e l C o v e ( R e a c h C ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e r e a r e e x t e n s i v e a r e a s o f fi l l p r o t e c t e d b y r e s i d e n t i a l b u l k he a d s a l o n g t h e l o w e r r e a c h a n d e s tu a r y . A j e t t y t h a t m a y h a v e been installed to pr o t e c t t h e h i g h w a y h a s c r e a t e d a s i z a b l e a r e a of f l o o d p l a i n c o n s t r i c ti o n a n d e s t u a r y f i l l . Ra t i n g : B a t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e j e t t y f r o m M c D o n a l d C r e e k es t u a r y . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o as s e s s s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t is s u e s a n d i d e n t i f y o p t i o n s f o r je t t y r e m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f ne e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n je t t y r e m o v a l Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e j e t t y Mo n i t o r e s t u a r y r e c o v e r y a n d se d i m e n t p r o c e s s e s M L M Restore natural sediment transport and deposition in the estuary. Improve and increase estuary/ rearing habitat for salmon. Improve nearshore LWD supply and transport. Pa g e 5 - 8 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Re c o m m e n d e d R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Expected Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 2 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e e x i s t i n g b u l k h e a d s w i t h bi o e n g i n e e r e d s t a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r bi o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve nearshore sediment supply and transport. Improve nearshore LWD supply and transport. Du c k a b u s h E s t u a r y ( R e a c h E ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e e s t u a r y i s b i s e c t e d b y f i l l s u p p o r t i n g S R 1 0 1 , w h i c h r e s t r i ct s a c c e s s t o s i d e c h a n n e l s a n d l i m i t s c h a n n e l m i g r a t i o n . S e v e r al side roads in th i s v i c i n i t y a l s o c o n s t r i c t c h a n n e l s i n t h e e s t u a r y . C o n c r e t e b u l k h e a d s a l o n g t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e e s t u a r y a p p e a r t o s u p p o r t fi l l o v e r s a l t m a r s h , e x t e n d i n g r e s i d e n t i a l pr o p e r t i e s i n t o t h e f o r m e r r i p a r i a n z o n e . I n v a s i v e t u n i c a t e s h a v e be e n f o u n d o n s h e l l f i s h a q u a c u l t u r e l i n e s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f th e e s t u a r y . Ra t i n g : B a t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e f i l l a t n o r t h a n d s o u t h s i d e s o f Du c k a b u s h e s t u a r y . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o as s e s s o p t i o n s f o r f i l l r e m o v a l Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d gr a d e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r f i l l re m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f ne e d e d De v e l o p p l a n t i n g p l a n s i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M L L Improve and increase estuary rearing habitat for salmon. Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve and increase side channel rearing habitat for salmon. Improve tidal connectivity between channels near lower reach. Improve tidal circulation and flushing. Qu a t s a p P o i n t , B l a c k P o i n t , P l e a s a n t H a r b o r ( R e a c h e s F - I ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e s h o r e l i n e i s d e n s e l y d e v e l o p e d w i t h h o u s e s a n d r o a d s . J u s t n o r t h o f Q u a t s a p P o i n t , b u l k h e a ds a n d f i l l a r e n u m e r o u s a l o n g L ackawanda Be a c h . B u l k h e a d s a n d a d o c k m a y a f f e c t l o n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s po r t w i t h i n d r i f t c e l l R e a c h F t o Q u a t s a p P o i n t , a f f e c t i n g a b o u t 1 4 p e r c e n t o f t h e d r i f t c e l l . S o m e bu l k h e a d s a p p e a r t o h a v e b e e n i n s t a l l e d t o e x t e n d y a r d s , r a t h e r th a n p r o t e c t s t r u c t u r e s . O n B l a c k P o i n t , a s m a l l s a l t m a r s h n e a r a k e t t l e l a k e h a s b e e n f i l l e d b y re s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . P l e a s a n t H a r b o r c o n t a i n s n u m e r o u s p r i v at e d o c k s a n d t w o m a r i n a s : o n e s m a l l e r m a r i n a j u s t i n s i d e t h e s p it ; a n d a l a r g e r m a r i n a a l o n g t h e n o r t h sh o r e . A l a u n c h r a m p a n d p a r k i n g a r e a a l s o o c c u r a t t h e h e a d o f th e b a y . B u l k h e a d s o c c u r a l o n g a bo u t 2 1 p e r c e n t o f t h i s d r i f t c el l . S h a d e c r e a t e d b y d o c k s m a y l i m i t ee l g r a s s g r o w t h , w h i c h i s p a t c h y i n t h e h a r b o r . A l a r g e i n f e s t at i o n o f i n v a s i v e t u n i c a t e s h a s b e e n d o c u m e n t e d w i t h i n P l e a s a n t H ar b o r . Ra t i n g : B a t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h e s e r e a c h e s a s p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a s . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-9 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Re c o m m e n d e d R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Expected Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 2 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l b u l k h e a d s w i t h bi o e n g i n e e r e d s t a b i l i z a t i o n a t La c k a w a n d a B e a c h . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r bi o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve nearshore sediment supply and transport. Improve nearshore LWD and transport. Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n r e s i d e n t i a l d o c k s an d m a r i n a s t r u c t u r e s w i t h o p e n - g r a t i n g an d r e - e s t a b l i s h e e l g r a s s . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s Tr a n s p l a n t e e l g r a s s , i f f e a s i b l e Mo n i t o r e e l g r a s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L- M Improve and expand eelgrass habitat to improve foraging for salmon. Do s e w a l l i p s E s t u a r y ( R e a c h J ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e e s t u a r y i n c l u d e s a r e a s o f s e v e r e d e g r a d a t i o n a n d a r e a s o f h i g h - q u a l i t y h a b i t a t . W o l c o t t S l o u g h i s t h e m o s t d o m i n a n t f e a t u re located in the no r t h e r n p a r t o f t h e e s t u a r y . A t l e a s t s i x d i k e d a r e a s , p r o t e c t ed b y f o u r t i d e g a t e s , o c c u p y ap p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e D o s e w a l l i p s e s t u a r y . A n a d d i t i o n a l 2 . 5 a c r e s of f i l l a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r e s i d e n t i a l a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l a c t i v i ti e s . I n t h e s o u t h e r n p a r t o f t h e D o s e w a l l i p s d e l t a , f i l l b e h i n d a b u l k h e a d h a s e l i m i n a t e d s h a l l o w w a t e r h a b i t a t . Hi g h w a y 1 0 1 t r u n c a t e s s e v e r a l s l o u g h s a n d r e s t r i c t s c h a n n e l m i g r at i o n n e a r t h e m o u t h o f t h e D o s e w a l l i p s R i v e r . O t h e r d i k e d a n d fi l l e d a r e a s o c c u r i n t h e D o s e w a l l i p s St a t e P a r k c a m p g r o u n d a n d t o t h e n o r t h o f t he m a i n r i v e r c h a n n e l . T h e s t a t e h a s m a d e r e p e a t e d e f f o r t s t o r e m o v e i n v a s i v e c o r d g r as s ( Spartina sp.) from the delta. Se d i m e n t a n d h y d r o l o g i c p r o c e s s e s w i t h i n t h e D o s e w a l l i p s R i v e r e s t u a r y h a v e b e e n n e g a t i v e l y a f f e c t e d b y d i k i n g , a r m o r i n g , a n d c on s t r u c t i o n o f r a m p s , b u l k h e a d s , a n d do c k s . T h e e s t u a r y i s p r o g r a d i n g , w h i c h i s g e n e r a l l y a t t r i b u t e d to c o n t i n u a l , e p i s o d i c u p s t r e a m d i s t u r b a n c e s , s u c h a s e r o s i o n t ri g g e r e d b y c l e a r c u t t i n g a n d r o a d f a i l u r e ov e r a l o n g p e r i o d o f t i m e . T h e e s t u a r i n e d r i f t c e l l h a s b e e n i m p a i r e d b y c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e e s t u a r y . Ra t i n g : B a t t e l l e r a t e d t h i s a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e d i k e s n e a r W o l c o t t S l o u g h a n d al l o w w e t l a n d s a n d s i d e c h a n n e l s t o re e s t a b l i s h . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o id e n t i f y o p t i o n s fo r d i k e r e m o v a l an d w e t l a n d / s i d e c h a n n e l re s t o r a t i o n Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r di k e r e m o v a l a n d s i t e r e s t o r a t i o n Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f ne e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e d i k e s Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M M Improve and increase estuary and side channel rearing habitat for salmon. Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve tidal circulation and flushing. Restore natural channel migration processes. Pa g e 5 - 1 0 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Re c o m m e n d e d R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Expected Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 2 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re m o v e f i l l f r o m b e h i n d b u l k h e a d i n so u t h e r n p a r t o f t h e d e l t a a n d a t t h e St a t e P a r k t o o p e n u p s h a l l o w w a t e r ha b i t a t . Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d gr a d e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r f i l l re m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f ne e d e d De v e l o p p l a n t i n g p l a n s i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M L Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve nearshore sediment supply and transport. Improve nearshore LWD supply and transport. Wo r k w i t h W a s h i n g t o n S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e o n o n g o i n g Sp a r t i n a s p . Re m o v a l e f f o r t s i n t h e e s t u a r y . De v e l o p Sp a r t i n a s p . c o n t r o l pl a n i f n e e d e d Im p l e m e n t p l a n Mo n i t o r a n d c o n t r o l Sp a r t i n a s p . re e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Improve quality of estuary habitat. Control invasive, non-native vegetation (e.g., Spartina sp.) and provide opportunities for native vegetation to establish. Enhance foraging opportunities for shorebirds and other species. Br i n n o n ( R e a c h e s J a n d K ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : R e a c h J , n o r t h o f t h e D o s e w a l l i p s e s t u a r y , r e c e i v e s e s t u a r i ne a n d b l u f f s e d i m e n t s f r o m t h e n o r t h - m o v i n g d r i f t c e l l , w h i c h t e r minates at Right Sm a r t C o v e . S e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t a n d s u p p l y h a s b e e n i m p e d e d b y s h o r el i n e a r m o r i n g a l o n g R e a c h J . N o rt h o f B r i n n o n , t h e s h o r e i s ar m o r e d i n s e v e r a l a r e a s b y bu l k h e a d s t h a t e x t e n d b e l o w t h e h i g h w a t e r m a r k , e l i m i n a t i n g i n t e rt i d a l a r e a a n d r e d u c i n g r e c r u i tm e n t o f s e d i m e n t o n t o t h e n e a r sh o r e . A t t h i s p a r t i c u l a r s e c t i o n o f t h e re a c h t h e r e i s a d i s c o n t i n u i t y o f e e l g r a s s , f o r a g e f i s h s p a w n i ng , a n d s h e l l f i s h b e d s , w h i c h a r e ot h e r w i s e p r e s e n t a l o n g t h e e n t ir e r e a c h . L o n g s h o r e t r a n s p o r t o f s e d i m e n t is a l s o i m p a i r e d b y f i l l , a r m o r i n g , a n d b o a t r a m p s i n t h e i n t e rt i d a l a r e a n e a r T u r n e r C r e e k . T h e c r e e k c h a n n e l a p p e a r s t o h a v e be e n d i t c h e d a n d c u l v e r t e d b e t w e e n S R 10 1 a n d t h e b a y . R o a d a n d r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t i s d e n s e a n d c l u s t e re d a l o n g t h e s h o r e l i n e . R i g h t S m a r t C o v e e n c l o s e s a l a r g e t i d a l l a g o o n , w h e r e n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n is b e i n g d i s p l a c e d b y i n v a s i v e s p e c i e s ( e . g . , S c o t ’ s b r o o m , H i m a l a y a n b l a c k b e r r y ) . A s m a l l s t r e a m d r a i n s i n t o t h e l a g o o n f r o m a l a r g e p a s t u r e t o t h e n o r t h . P a s t u r e dr a i n a g e i s l i k e l y t o i m p a i r w a t e r q u a l i t y b y c a r r y i n g h i g h n u t r ie n t l o a d s , f e c a l c o l i f o r m f r o m a n i m a l s , i n v a s i v e p l a n t s e e d s , an d h i g h s o i l a n d w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e s . T i d a l co n n e c t i v i t y b e t w e e n t h e t i d a l l a g o o n a n d c h a n n e l r e m a i n s f u n c t i o n al , a l t h o u g h s o m e f r i n g i n g s a l t m a r s h h a s b e e n f i l l e d f o r h o m es t o t h e e a s t o f t h e t i d a l i n l e t . Ra t i n g : B a t t e l l e r a t e d t h e s e r e a c h e s a s p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a s . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-11 y S M P U p d a t e Pa g e 5 - 1 2 October 2008 Re c o m m e n d e d R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Expected Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 2 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 6 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l b u l k h e a d s w i t h bi o e n g i n e e r e d s t a b i l i z a t i o n a n d o p e n u p in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t n o r t h o f B r i n n o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r bi o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L- M L L- M Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve nearshore sediment supply and transport. Improve nearshore LWD supply and transport. Ex p l o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o r e m o v e f i l l a n d ot h e r i n - w a t e r s t r u c t u r e s ( e . g . , b o a t ra m p s ) n e a r T u r n e r C r e e k t h a t a r e di s r u p t i n g s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o as s e s s f i l l / s t r u c t u r e r e m o v a l Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d gr a d e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f ne e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d s t r u c t u r e s Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M M Improve and increase shallow water nearshore habitat. Improve nearshore sediment supply and transport. Improve nearshore LWD supply and transport. Re m o v e i n v a s i v e v e g e t a t i o n f r o m u p l a n d ar e a s a t R i g h t S m a r t C o v e . De v e l o p w e e d c o n t r o l p l a n Im p l e m e n t p l a n Mo n i t o r a n d c o n t r o l w e e d r e - es t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Improve quality of estuary habitat. Control invasive, non-native vegetation (e.g., Spartina sp.) and provide opportunities for native vegetation to establish. Enhance foraging opportunities for shorebirds and other species. Je f f e r s o n C o u n t Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 5-13 5.3 RESTORATION RECOMENDATIONS - WRIA 17 Restoration recommendations for freshwater and nearshore areas of WRIA 17 are summarized in Table 5-3 and Table 5-4, respectively. Implementing these recommendations would complement the protection efforts encompassed in the SMP. Both protection and restoration efforts are necessary to offset impacts of existing and future development, repair past damages, and improve the ecological baseline. WRIA 17 includes a very large portion of eastern Jefferson County and there are likely thousands of potential restoration measures that could be implemented to improve ecological conditions. Many projects are currently in the works, including, but not limited to: • Grant funded projects such as the Little Quilcene River (Acquisition-McClanahan), the Quilcene Estuarine Wetlands Restoration (Schinke), and the Skokomish Tribe Quilcene Floodplain Acquisition. • Efforts by the Jefferson County Conservation District to work with property owners to restrict livestock access to streams in the Little Quilcene, Dabob-Thorndyke, Salmon-Snow, and Chimacum sub-basins. • Grant funded partnership efforts led by NGOs like North Olympic Salmon Coalition to restore tidal marsh and channel habitat at the Salmon and Snow Creek Estuary on Discovery Bay. • Acquisition by the state of conservation easements on 285 acres as the first phase of an effort to preserve key riparian shoreline and salt marsh along inner Tarboo Bay, between the Dabob Natural Area Preserve (WDNR) and Lower Tarboo Creek Preserve (WDFW). • Washington Department of Ecology’s proposal to permanently protect and restore wetlands and salmon runs on approximately 124 acres on the east side of Tarboo Bay, adjacent to the Dabob Natural Area Preserve. This represents the last 90% of unprotected wetlands in the lower Tarboo Creek floodplain joining the Tarboo-Dabob Bay. • Conservation easements obtained by the Jefferson Land Trust on nine acres of Tarboo Creek estuary including the eventual removal of a bulkhead, trailers, outbuildings, and one house. • Wild Fish Conservancy’s plans to remove the blocking culvert at Oak Bay Road and restore coho salmon to Piddling Creek. • In Port Townsend Bay, WDFW purchased the old log dump area south of the mouth of Chimacum Creek in 2003 and removed the fill from approximately 6 acres to restore the beach and shoreline; riparian vegetation is also being restored (Todd, personal communication, 2006; Davis, personal communication, 2006). Some of the potential future opportunities are listed below. These measures would supplement the past/ongoing restoration efforts, the recommended programmatic actions listed in section 5.1, and the protection efforts encompassed in the SMP to improve the ecological baseline over time. Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 Re c o m m e n d e d Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Expected Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Sp e n c e r / M a r p l e C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : M a r p l e a n d J a c k s o n c r e e k s , a n d n e a r b y S p e n c e r C r e e k , a r e t h e p r i m ar y s t r e a m s i n t w o s m a l l , i n d e pe n d e n t b a s i n s t h a t d r a i n i n t o Jackson Cove on Da b o b B a y . B e c a u s e t h e i r d r a i n a g e b a s i n s a r e s i m i l a r i n a r e a , g e o g r ap h y , h y d r o l o g y , t o p o g r a p h y , a n d b i o l o g i c a l r e s o u r c e s , t h e y ar e c o m b i n e d a s S p e n c e r / M a r p l e f o r ev a l u a t i o n p u r p o s e s . T h e u p l a n d s s u r r o u n d i n g J a c k s o n C o v e h a v e r e l a t i ve l y f e w s e p t i c s y s t e m p e r m i t s a n d s u r r o u n d i n g s o i l s a r e h ig h l y p e r m e a b l e , s o s e p t i c s y s t e m s a n d su r f a c e r u n o f f a r e m o r e l i k e l y t o i n f i l t r a te r a t h e r t h a n f l o w d i r e c t l y i n t o s t r e a m s. A l t h o u g h r o a d d e n s i t y i s m o d e r a t e l y h i g h a lo n g t h e s h o r e l i n e , i t i s l o w throughout the watershed. Ja c k s o n a n d M a r p l e c r e e k s a n d S p e n c e r C r e e k a l l s u p p o r t s p a w n i n g f o r c o h o a n d c h u m s a l m o n , a n d c u t t h r o a t t r o u t . I n a d d i t i o n , w i nt e r s t e e l h e a d s p a w n i n S p e n c e r C r e e k . WD F W h a s i n d e n t i f i e d a n u n d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t t h a t i m pe d e s f i s h p a s s a g e a s a p r o b l e m o n S p e n c e r C r e e k . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a c e b l o c k e d / un d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s ( s ) . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t ( s ) Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t ( s ) Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . De v i l s L a k e ( I n d i a n G e o r g e C r e e k ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e w a t e r s h e d i s p r e d o m i n a n t l y c o m m e r c i a l f o r e s t . D e v i l s L a k e , o n D N R p r o p e r t y , h a s n o s u r r o u n d i n g d e v e l o p m e n t a n d h a r b o r s r e m nant stands of sn a g s a n d o l d - g r o w t h t i m b e r a l o n g t h e l a k e s h o r e . I n d i a n G e o r g e C r e e k ha s s p a w n i n g p o p u l a t i o n s o f f a l l c h u m , c o h o , w i n t e r s t e e l he a d , a n d c u t t h r o a t t r o u t , b u t a bl o c k e d / u n d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t i m p e d e s f i s h p a s s a g e t o u p s t r e a m r e a c he s . D e s p i t e w i d e s p r e a d c l e a r c u t s i n t h e 1 9 7 0 s , t h e w a t e r s h e d a pp e a r s t o b e r e c o v e r i n g a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g po c k e t s o f h i g h q u a l i t y o l d e r f o r e s t s u p p o r t n u m e r o u s w i l d l i f e an d b i r d h a b i t a t s , i n c l u d i n g b r e e d i n g a r e a s f o r s p o t t e d o w l a n d ba l d e a g l e . D e v i l s L a k e , D e v i l s L a k e C r e e k , a n d In d i a n G e o r g e C r e e k a r e t o o s m a l l t o m e e t S M P j u r i s d i c t i o n . T he f e w h o u s e s w i t h i n t h i s w a t e r s h e d a r e s c a t t e r e d a l o n g t h e m a r i n e s h o r e . R o a d d e n s i t y i s l o w . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a c e b l o c k e d / un d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s ( s ) . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t ( s ) Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t ( s ) Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Pa g e 5 - 1 4 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Bi g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e u p p e r w a t e r s h e d i s m o s t l y p r o t e c t e d f e d e r a l l a n d . T h e B i g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r h a s b e e n n o t i c e a b l y a f f e c t e d b y c h a n n e l i z a t i o n , l oss of floodplain ha b i t a t , l e v e e c o n s t r u c t i o n , w a t e r w i t h d r a w a l , l o s s o f L W D , a n d fo r e s t c o n v e r s i o n . B l o c k e d a n d u n d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s i m p e d e f i s h pa s s a g e . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e b l o c k e d / un d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e s h a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h st r e a m t e m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s wi t h n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . C r e a t e bu f f e r s t o t r a p s e d i m e n t s a n d nu t r i e n t s . Le l a n d C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : L e l a n d L a k e i s p r e s u m e d h a b i t a t f o r c o h o s a l m o n , a n d s t e e l h e a d a n d c u t t h r o a t t r o u t . T h e l a k e s h o r e l i n e i s d o m i n a t e d b y m o d e r a t ely dense rural de v e l o p m e n t a n d a C o u n t y p a r k w i t h a b o a t r a m p . A l o n g t h e w e s t s h or e , n a t i v e s h o r e l i n e v e g e t a t i on h a s b e e n r e p l a c e d b y l a w n s / g r as s . S e v e r a l p a r c e l s a p p e a r t o b e h o b b y fa r m s w i t h l i v e s t o c k . T h e s h o r e l i n e h a s f e w e r t h a n o n e d o z e n p r i v at e p i e r s a n d d o c k s . L e l a n d L a k e i s a l s o a f f e c t e d b y l o w d i s s o lv e d o x y g e n a n d i n v a s i v e w e e d s ( e . g . , r e e d ca n a r y g r a s s a n d w a t e r w e e d [ El o d e a s p . ] ) . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s s u i t a b l e f o r d e v e l o p m e n t . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e l a k e s h o r e ve g e t a t i o n . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s a n d o u t - co m p e t e i n v a s i v e , n o n - n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-15 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Li t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : L i k e t h e B i g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r , t h e L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r h a s b e e n af f e c t e d b y c h a n n e l i z a t i o n , f l o o d p l a i n e n c r o a c h m e n t , l e v e e s , w ater withdrawal, loss of ri p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n , g r a v e l e x t r a c t i o n , a n d d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r i s a l s o u s e d a s a m u n i c i p a l w a t e r s o u r c e f o r P o r t T o w n s e n d . D e v e l o p m e n t a l o n g t h e l o w e r re a c h e s a f f e c t s a r e a s o f h i g h l y p e r m e a b l e de p o s i t s t h a t a r e c r i t i c a l f o r m a i n t a i n i n g wa t e r l e v e l s . W a t e r q u a l i t y i m p a c t s i n c l u d e h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s , n u t r i e n t l o a d s , a n d f e c a l co l i f o r m c o n t a m i n a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s w h e r e a g r i c u l t u r a l o p e r a t i o n s , fa i l i n g s e p t i c s y s t e m s , t h e h a t c h e r y , a n d s t o r m w a t e r r u n o f f c o n t r i b u t e n u t r i e n t s a n d ba c t e r i a t o t h e s t r e a m . W D F W r e c o r d e d m u l t i p le c u l v e r t s t h a t b l o c k m i l e s o f s a l m o n s p aw n i n g a n d r e a r i n g h a b i t a t o n t h e L i t t l e Q ui l c e n e R i v e r a n d P e n n y a n d L e l a n d c r e e k s . An u n s c r e e n e d i r r i g a t i o n w i t h d r a w a l p i p e i n t h e u p p e r r e a c h o f L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e R i v e r i s r e p o r t e d t o t r a p f i s h . L o r d s L a k e i s a r e s e r v o i r c o n s t r u c t e d o n a tributary of the Little Qu i l c e n e R i v e r a s p a r t o f t h e w a t e r s u p p l y s y s t e m f o r t h e C i t y o f P o r t T o w n s e n d . E c o s y s t e m p r o c e s s e s a n d f u n c t i o n s a p p e a r t o b e i n e x c e l l e n t c o n d i t i o n ; h o w e v e r , r e s e r v o i r co n s t r u c t i o n l i k e l y e l i m i n a t e d h i g h - q u a l i t y r i p a r i a n w e t l a n d s . Th e l a k e h a s n o p u b l i c a c c e s s a n d n o d e v e l o p e d p a r c e l s , b a s e d o n r e c e n t a e r i a l p h o t o s . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r r e s t o r a t i o n . Sc r e e n o r r e m o v e i r r i g a t i o n pi p e i n u p p e r r e a c h o f L i t t l e Qu i l c e n e R i v e r As s e s s p i p e s c r e e n i n g a n d r e m o v a l o p t i o n s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e / s c r e e n p i p e Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t L L L En h a n c e n a t u r a l f l o w r e g i m e i n L i t t l e Qu i l c e n e R i v e r . I n c r e a s e m i l e s o f st r e a m h a b i t a t a c c e s s i b l e t o sa l m o n i d s . Ac q u i r e L o r d s L a k e t o pr o t e c t q u a l i t y h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y De v e l o p p u b l i c a c c e s s p l a n Im p l e m e n t a n d m o n i t o r p u b l i c a c c e s s M L L Pr o t e c t r e m a i n i n g p r i o r i t y h a b i t a t s (e . g . , r i p a r i a n w e t l a n d s ) a l o n g t h e la k e s h o r e . P r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r es t a b l i s h m e n t o f n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n an d f o r p a s s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l op p o r t u n i t i e s a t t h e l a k e . Do n o v a n C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : D o n o v a n C r e e k c o n s i s t s o f f r a g m e n t e d f o r e s t l a n d , w i t h c o n c e n t r at i o n s o f a g r i c u l t u r e a n d r e s i d e n t ia l l a n d i n t h e d o w n s t r e a m r each around the village of E a s t Q u i l c e n e . W a t e r s h e d d i s t u r b a n c e s f r om e x t e n s i v e c l e a r i n g h a v e d e g r a d e d c o n d i t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t m o s t o f t h e b a s i n , a l t h o u g h a n a r r o w v e g e t a t e d b u f f e r ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 50 t o 7 5 f t w i d e ) h a s b e e n r e t a i n e d a l o n g t h e c r e e k t h r o u g h t h e f o r e s t p a r c e l s . L a n d s l i d e s d u e t o l o g g i n g r o a d s a n d c l e a r i n g a r e p r e v a l e n t t h r o u g h o u t t h e u p p e r b a s i n . I n t h e do w n s t r e a m r e a c h e s t h a t f l o w t h r o u g h f a r m l a n d s , t h e c h a n n e l h a s b e e n s t r a i g h t e n e d a n d f i l l e d , a n d t h e r i p a r i a n z o n e h a s b e e n c l ea r e d o f v e g e t a t i o n . A t l e a s t o n e f i s h b a r r i e r bl o c k s a c c e s s t o a t r i b u t a r y o f D o n o v a n C r e e k . D o n o v a n C r e e k w a s d e s i g n a t e d a s a c o r e a r e a f o r h i g h - q u a l i t y h a b i t a t b y J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r r e s t o r a t i o n . Pa g e 5 - 1 6 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e b l o c k e d / un d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Re s t o r e n a t u r a l s t r e a m mo r p h o l o g y i n a r e a s w h e r e ch a n n e l i z a t i o n h a s oc c u r r e d . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o s u p p o r t c h a n n e l d e s i g n Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l L W D a n d o t h e r i n - s t r e a m s t r u c t u r e s t o im p r o v e c h a n n e l c o m p l e x i t y Co n s t r u c t o t h e r s t r e a m m o d i f i c a t i o n s Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M- H M- H M Re s t o r e n a t u r e f l o w regime. Reduce ch a n n e l c o n s t r i c t i o n , r e c o n n e c t st r e a m a n d f l o o d p l a i n / w e t l a n d ha b i t a t . I n c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m ha b i t a t a c c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . In c r e a s e L W D r e c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l an d o r g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n su p p o r t ) . I m p r o v e i n - s t r e a m co n d i t i o n s f o r f i s h b y i n s t a l l i n g L W D an d f a c i l i t a t i n g d e v e l o p m e n t o f p o o l s an d r i f f l e s . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e sh a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m te m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-17 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Ta r b o o C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T a r b o o C r e e k i s d e s i g n a t e d a s a c o r e a r e a f o r h i g h - q u a l i t y h a b i ta t b y J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y . T h e c r e e k s u p p o r t s r u n s o f c o h o , f a l l chum, and Chinook sa l m o n . B e c a u s e t h e w a t e r s h e d i s q u i t e s m a l l a n d t h e s u r r o u n d i ng u p l a n d s h a v e b e e n a l t e r e d b y a g r i c u l t u r e a n d f o r e s t p r a c t i c e s , f u t u r e i m p a c t s t o habitat within the wa t e r s h e d c o u l d h a v e a d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y d e g r a d i n g e f f e c t o n t he c r e e k . T a r b o o a n d B r o w n s l a k e s a r e p a r t o f t r i b u t a r y h e a d w a t e rs f o r T a r b o o C r e e k . T a r b o o L a k e i s su r r o u n d e d b y c o m m e r c i a l f o r e s t t h a t d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o h a v e b e e n r e c e n t l y c u t . T h e s h o r e l i n e i s d e n s e l y v e g e t a t e d a n d r i p a r i a n w e t l a n d s a r e i n t a c t . T h e o n l y c l e a r i n g o n t h e la k e i s a s m a l l p u b l i c a c c e s s b o a t r a m p p r o v i d e d b y W D F W . W D F W al s o s t o c k s t h e l a k e a n n u a l l y w i t h s e v e r a l t h o u s a n d h a t c h e r y r a i nb o w t r o u t , a l t h o u g h t h i s i s n o t a t h r e a t t o na t i v e s a l m o n p o p u l a t i o n s b e c a u s e t h e l a k e r ep o r t e d l y h a s n o s u r f a c e c o n n e c t i o n t o T a r b o o C r e e k . N o s i g n i f i c a n t d e g r a d a t i o n o f ha b i t a t f e a t u r e s o r f unctional impairments we r e i d e n t i f i e d f o r T a r b o o L a k e . D u r i n g i n - s t r e a m f l o w m o n i t o r i ng i n 2 0 0 3 , W D F W s c i e n t i s t s n o t e d h i g h s e d i m e n t l o a d s i n T a r b o o Cr e e k , w h i c h a r e i n d i c a t i v e o f e r o s i o n a n d ma s s w a s t i n g . H i g h d e n s i t i e s o f p l a t t e d p a r c e l s a n d s e p t i c s y s t e m s o n s t e e p s l o p e s w i t h i m p e r m e a b l e s o i l s p o s e a s e r i o u s t h r e a t t o w a t e r q u a l i t y . A l t h o u g h t h e e a s t s t r e a m ba n k a p p e a r s s p a r s e l y d e v e l o p e d , t h e r i p a r i an c o r r i d o r o n b o t h s i d e s o f T a r b o o C r e e k ha s b e e n h e a v i l y l o g g e d , l e a d i n g t o f r a g m e nt e d e a r l y s e r a l r e g r o w t h w i t h l i t t l e L W D po t e n t i a l . L o w s u m m e r f l o w h a s b e e n i d e n t i f i ed a s a l i m i t i n g f a c t o r f o r c o h o s a l m o n p r o d u ct i o n , b u t c o n s u m p t iv e u s e o f g r o u n d w a te r i s n o t s u s p e c t e d a s a c a u s e . R o a d d e n s i t y is h i g h a n d h a s c r e a t e d n u m e r o u s f i s h p a s s a g e b l o c k a g e s — a t l e a s t s e ve n c u l v e r t s o n t h e m a i n s t e m a n d f o u r c u l v e r t s o n t r i b u t a r i e s . T h e s e f a c t o r s a l l c o n t r i b u t e t o d e c l i n i n g sa l m o n p o p u l a t i o n s i n t h i s s y s t e m . R e s t o r a t i o n p o t e n t i a l i n t he T a r b o o C r e e k w a t e r s h e d i s h i g h . S i n c e t h e m i d - 1 9 9 0 s , r e s t o r a t i o n e f f o r t s h a v e f o c u s e d o n f e n c i n g l i v e s t o c k o u t of t h e c r e e k a t s i x f a r m s , s t a b i l i z i n g e r o d e d b a n k s , r e s t o r i n g l o s t c h a n n e l h a b i t a t , re p l a n t i n g r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n , a n d i m p r o v in g o r r e s t o r i n g f i s h p a s s a g e i n a t l e a s t t h r e e lo c a t i o n s . P r o t e c t i o n w o u l d b e a p p r o p r i a t e i n t he h e a d w a t e r s , e s p e c i a l l y a r o u n d T a r b o o L a k e . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n t h e m a i n s t e m an d t r i b u t a r i e s . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e sh a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m te m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Ac q u i r e e x t a n t s u r f a c e wa t e r c l a i m s . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n d i n - s t r e a m h a b i t a t a s s e s s m e n t to d e t e r m i n e s u r f a c e w a t e r c o n d i t i o n s Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t ab l e f o r a c q u i s i t i o n Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Im p l e m e n t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M M Im p r o v e / p r o t e c t i n - s t r e a m f l o w s . Pa g e 5 - 1 8 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e 1 1 bl o c k e d / u n d e r s i z e d cu l v e r t s . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L- M L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Ac q u i r e T a r b o o L a k e t o pr o t e c t q u a l i t y h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y De v e l o p p u b l i c a c c e s s p l a n Im p l e m e n t a n d m o n i t o r p u b l i c a c c e s s M L L Pr o t e c t r e m a i n i n g p r i o r i t y h a b i t a t s (e . g . , r i p a r i a n w e t l a n d s ) a l o n g t h e la k e s h o r e . P r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r es t a b l i s h m e n t o f n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n an d f o r p a s s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l op p o r t u n i t i e s a t t h e l a k e . Th o r n d y k e C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e u p p e r T h o r n d y k e C r e e k ’ s b a s i n c o n t a i n s n u m e r o u s s m a l l w e t l an d s . T h i s a r e a i s c o m p o s e d o f h i g h l y p e r m e a b l e s o i l s w i t h h i g h infiltration capacity an d a l m o s t c o m p l e t e f o r e s t c o v e r i n v a r i o u s s t a g e s o f r e g r o w t h , cr e a t i n g a n i d e a l i n f i l t r a t i o n a n d r e c h a r g e a r e a . A s h a l l o w g r o un d w a t e r t a b l e s u p p o r t s t h e w e t l a n d s , l a k e s , a n d cr e e k t r i b u t a r i e s . A l t h o u g h t h e b a s i n h a s be e n h e a v i l y l o g g e d i n r e c e n t d e c a d e s , t h e c l e a r e d p l o t s a r e e v e n l y s c a t t e r e d t h r o u g h t h e w a t e r s h e d a n d m a n y h a v e b e e n r e p l a n t e d . St r e a m b u f f e r s a p p e a r t o b e i n t a c t . P o o l s , r i f f l e s , a n d L W D a r e pr e s e n t i n a d e q u a t e d e n s i t i e s c r ea t i n g f u n c t i o n a l i n - s t r e a m h a b it a t s t r u c t u r e . R e c e n t r e c o r d s o f l o w s u m m e r fl o w s , w h i c h m a y b e r e l a t e d t o c o n s u m p t i v e u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r , h a v e b e e n i d e n t i f i e d a s a f a c t o r l i m i t i n g c o h o s a l m o n p r o d u c t i o n i n T h o r n d y k e C r e e k . S a n d y S h o r e L a k e i s pa r t o f t h e h e a d w a t e r s o f T h o r n d y k e C r e e k . S an d y S h o r e L a k e , a l o n g w i t h n u m e r o u s o t h e r h e a d w a t e r s w e t l a n d s a n d s e a s o n a l l a k e s , c o n t r o l T h o r n d y k e C r e e k f l o w s b y mo d e r a t i n g t h e e x t r e m e s o f b o t h w i n t e r a n d s u m m e r p r e c i p i t a t io n . S a n d y S h o r e L a k e i s p r e s u m e d t o p r o v i d e c o h o , c u t t h r o a t , a n d s te e l h e a d h a b i t a t . T h e l a k e d o e s n o t h a v e a n id e n t i f i a b l e s u r f a c e c o n n e c t i o n d u r i n g s u m m e r t o T h o r n d y k e C r e e k ; f i s h a c c e s s m a y b e l i m i t e d t o w i n t e r , w h e n s t r e a m f l o w s a r e h ig h e n o u g h t o a l l o w j u v e n i l e s t o e n t e r a n d re a r i n t h e l a k e . A l t h o u g h r o a d d e n s i t y w i t h i n t h e T h o r n d y k e C r e e k w a t e r s h e d i s r e l a t i v e l y l o w , 1 2 c u l v e r t s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d i n 20 0 0 t h a t b l o c k e d f i s h p a s s a g e , w i t h a t l e a s t t w o ad d i t i o n a l c u l v e r t s b l o c k i n g t r i b u t a r i e s . L o g g i n g r o a d s m a y b e r e sp o n s i b l e f o r s e d i m e n t l o a d i n g a n d o t h e r i m p a c t s o f t i m b e r h a r ve s t w e r e n o t e d i n f i s h e r i e s a s s e s s m e n t s o f t h e cr e e k . B e c a u s e o f t h e u n u s u a l l y h i g h h a b i t a t v a l u e s a n d f u n c t i o n s th a t a r e p r e s e n t t h r o u g h o u t t h is w a t e r s h e d , a c q u i s i t i o n a n d c on s e r v a t i o n o f r i p a r i a n a r e a s a l o n g T h o r n d y k e Cr e e a n d S a n d y S h o r e L a k e s h o u l d b e a p r i o r i t y . H o w e v e r , t h e l o ng - t e r m , e c o s y s t e m - w i d e f u n c t i o n s o f T h o r n d y k e C r e e k a r e u n k n o w n b e c a u s e o f t h e p o t e n t i a l e f f e c t s o n i n - st r e a m f l o w s d u e t o s u r f a c e w a t e r a l l o c a t i o n s a n d p e r m i t t e d p i t m i n i n g a l o n g t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e b a s i n . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-19 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e 1 4 bl o c k e d / u n d e r s i z e d cu l v e r t s . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M M L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Ac q u i r e S a n d y S h o r e L a k e to p r o t e c t q u a l i t y h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y De v e l o p p u b l i c a c c e s s p l a n Im p l e m e n t a n d m o n i t o r p u b l i c a c c e s s M L L Pr o t e c t r e m a i n i n g p r i o r i t y h a b i t a t s (e . g . , r i p a r i a n w e t l a n d s ) a l o n g t h e la k e s h o r e . P r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r es t a b l i s h m e n t o f n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n an d f o r p a s s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l op p o r t u n i t i e s a t t h e l a k e . Sq u a m i s h H a r b o r Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e S q u a m i s h H a r b o r w a t e r s h e d l i e s b e t w e e n t h e w a t e r s h e d s o f T h o r n d y k e C r e e k a n d P o r t L u d l o w . W a h l L a k e l i e s i n t h i s b a s i n . S hine Creek is the la r g e s t c r e e k a t s l i g h t l y o v e r t w o m i l e s i n l e n g t h , w i t h n o t r i b u t a r i e s e x c e p t w i t h i n t h e e s t u a r y . I t d r a i n s a s m a l l f r a c t i o n o f t h e w a t e r s h e d . N o r d s t r o m C r e e k , s o u t h o f Br i d g e h a v e n , i s a s m a l l e r d r a i n a g e . S h i n e C r e e k s u p p o r t s c h u m an d c o h o s a l m o n a n d c u t t h r o a t a n d s t e e l h e a d t r o u t s p a w n i n g . W e t l a nd s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e c r e e k p r o v i d e im p o r t a n t r e a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r n a t a l a n d n o n - n a t a l j u v e n i l e p i n k , c h u m , c o h o , a n d C h i n o o k s a l m o n . T h e w a t e r s h e d h a s b e e n h e a v i l y l o g g e d . A l a r g e p a r t o f t h e S h i n e C r e e k ba s i n s o u t h w e s t o f t h e e s t u a r y h a s b e e n p i t m i n e d a n d r e t a i n s u n v eg e t a t e d a r e a s , e x p o s e d s a n d , a n d g r a v e l d e p o s i t s . R o a d d e n s i t y i n t h i s a r e a i s h i g h , c o n c e n t r a t e d a l o n g th e S h i n e C r e e k e s t u a r y , t h e p i t m i n e , a n d th e c o m m u n i t y a t B r i d g e h a v e n . A t l e a s t f o u r c u l v e r t s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d a s p a r t i a l l y b l oc k i n g f i s h a c c e s s . F i l l f o r S R 1 0 4 h a s a l t e r e d t h e Sh i n e C r e e k s t r e a m c h a n n e l i n m u l t i p l e l o c a t i o n s ( e s p e c i a l l y a l on g t h e e s t u a r y ) a n d r e s t r i c t e d c ha n n e l m i g r a t i o n . T h e p a r t o f t he S q u a m i s h H a r b o r w a t e r s h e d t h a t d r a i n s t o Sh i n e C r e e k i s c r i t i c a l t o m a i n t a i n i n g i n - s t r e a m f l o w s a n d h a b i t at f u n c t i o n f o r t h i s s a l m o n - b e a r i n g s t r e a m a n d l a r g e e s t u a r y . T wo u n n a m e d s t r e a m s f l o w i n t o t h e e s t u a r y a t By w a t e r B a y i n W o l f e P r o p e r t y S t a t e P a r k . Th e s e s t r e a m s a r e s u b j e c t t o d e g r a d a t i o n i f st o r m w a t e r i s n o t p r o p e r l y m a n a g e d i n r e s id e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t s o n the hillside above. Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e b l o c k e d / un d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s o n Sh i n e C r e e k . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M M L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Pa g e 5 - 2 0 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p a i r c h a n n e l c o n s t r i c t i o n ca u s e d b y S R 1 0 4 o n S h i n e Cr e e k n e a r t h e e s t u a r y . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o a s s e s s f l o o d a n d i n - st r e a m c o n d i t i o n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o r e s t o r e c h a n n e l mo r p h o l o g y Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M- H M M Re d u c e c h a n n e l c o n s t r i c t i o n , re c o n n e c t s t r e a m a n d fl o o d p l a i n / w e t l a n d h a b i t a t . R e s t o r e st r e a m m e a n d e r s t o i m p r o v e sa l m o n i d a c c e s s a n d h a b i t a t f o r sa l m o n i d s p a w n i n g a n d r e a r i n g . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n i n c l e a r e d a r e a s . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e sh a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m te m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Po r t L u d l o w Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e P o r t L u d l o w w a t e r s h e d h a s b e e n h i g h l y a l t e r e d b y l o g g i n g a n d r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e w a t e r s h e d w i l l l i k e l y e x p e r i e n c e increased residential an d r e s o r t - r e l a t e d d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e . B e t w e e n 8 0 a n d 1 0 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e w a t e r s h e d h a s b e e n c l e a r c u t . H y d r o l o g i c a l al t e r a t i o n s f r o m c l e a r c u t t i n g a n d de v e l o p m e n t a r e c o m p a r a b l e t o i m p a i r m e n t s e x p e r i e n c e d i n u r b a n w a t e r s he d s . I n t h i s s m a l l w a t e r s h e d , p r e c i p i t a t i o n i s t h e p r i m a r y s o u r c e o f s u r f a c e w a t e r f o r t h e l a k e s , we t l a n d s , a n d c r e e k s ; v e r y l i t t l e a r e a i n t h e u p p e r w a t e r s h e d c on t a i n s p e r m e a b l e s o i l s . A l t h o u g h c u r r e n t g r o u n d w a t e r w i t h d r a w a l s m a y n o t b e t h r e a t e n i n g i n - s t r e a m f l o w o n a n an n u a l b a s i s , o v e r p u m p i n g o f g r o u n d w a t e r h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t o i m p a i r c r e e k b a s e f l o w s . L u d l o w C r e e k i s t h e l a r g e s t d r a i n a g e w i t hi n t h e w a t e r s h e d , h a v i ng more than 10 miles of p e r e n n i a l c h a n n e l w i t h i n i t s m a n y t r i b u t a r i e s . L u d l o w C r e e k pr o v i d e s s p a w n i n g a n d r e a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r s e v e r a l s p e c i e s o f s a l mo n a n d t r o u t . W D F W s t o c k s L u d l o w L a k e w i t h ra i n b o w t r o u t f o r r e c r e a t i o n a l f i s h i n g . S t o ck e d t r o u t t h r e a t e n n a t i v e f i s h p o p u l a t i o n s be c a u s e t h e y o u t g r o w ( a n d o u t - c o m p e t e ) n at i v e s a l m o n i d s f o r l i m i t e d f o o d r e s o u r c e s , p r e y on s m a l l e r n a t i v e f i s h , a n d s p r e a d h a t c h e r y d i s e a s e s t o n a t i v e f i sh . A s m a l l , u n n a m e d s t r e a m e n t e r i n g L u d l o w B a y b e t w e e n L u d l o w C r e e k a n d t h e m a r i n a s u p p o r t s c u t t h r o a t tr o u t a n d p o s s i b l y c h u m s a l m o n , a l t h o u g h h a b i t a t i s l i m i t e d d u e t o a b l o c k i n g c u l v e r t a t O a k B a y R o a d . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-21 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e o r e n l a r g e b l o c k e d / un d e r s i z e d c u l v e r t s o n O a k Ba y R o a d . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M M L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Ch i m a c u m C r e e k Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e u p p e r a n d m i d d l e C h i m a c u m C r e e k b a s i n s a r e n o t i c e a b l y d e g r ad e d . T h e s t r e a m c h a n n e l i n t h e l o w e r s u b b a s i n , f r o m t h e m o u t h to RM 2.9, is la r g e l y u n a l t e r e d a n d i n g o o d c o n d i t i o n , w i t h m e d i u m t o h i g h q u a l i t y s p a w n i n g a n d r e a d i n g h a b i t a t a n d f l o o d p l a i n w e t l a n d s . H o w e ve r , c o m m e r c i a l a n d r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t al o n g t h e r i p a r i a n c o r r i d o r p u t t h i s s t r e a m se g m e n t a t r i s k . A l t e r a t i o n s h a v e d e s t r o y e d 9 0 p e r c e n t o f j u v e n i l e s a l m o n i d r e a r i n g h a b i t a t i n t h e w a t e r s h e d a n d m o s t f i s h po p u l a t i o n s i n C h i m a c u m C r e e k h a v e b e e n e x t i r p a t e d a n d r e - s t o c k ed f o r a t l e a s t s e v e r a l d e c a d e s ; i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t a n y r u n s i n t h i s b a s i n a r e n a t i v e . T h e r i p a r i a n a r e a s a r e no t a b l e f o r h a v i n g t h e g r e a t e s t a r e a o f i m p e r v i ou s s u r f a c e , t h e g r e a t e s t d e n s i t y o f s e p t ic s y s t e m s , a n d t h e g r e a t e s t e x t e n t o f wa t e r s h e d a l t e r a t i o n in Jefferson County. Ro a d w a y s p a r a l l e l b o t h t h e e a s t a n d w e s t f o r k s o f C h i m a c u m C r e e k , bu t a r e g e n e r a l l y o u t s i d e o f t he r i p a r i a n z o n e , w i t h t h e e x c e pt i o n o f a s h o r t s t r e t c h o f W e s t V a l l e y R o a d wi t h i n t h e m i d s u b b a s i n . F o u r t e e n r o a d c r o s s i n g s o c c u r i n t h e m i d a n d l o w e r s u b b a s i n s , t h e m a j o r i t y o f w h i c h i n v o l v e c u l v e r t s . In 2 0 0 0 , W D F W r e c o r d e d p a r t i a l o b s t r u c t i o n s t o fi s h a c c e s s i n C h i m a c u m C r e e k a n d i t s t r i b u t a r i e s b y a t l e a s t 2 0 cu l v e r t s u n d e r C e n t e r R o a d , f ou r c u l v e r t s u n d e r E g g & I R o a d , an d e i g h t c u l v e r t s u n d e r E a g l e m o u n t R o a d . A re c e n t s t u d y f o u n d t h a t i r r i g a t i on a c c o u n t s f o r t h e g r e a t e s t w a t e r u s e , c o m p r i s i n g 7 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l i n s t a n t a n e o u s q u a n t i ty a n d 9 8 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l a n n u a l q u a n t i t y . T h e ne x t l a r g e s t u s e i s f o r d o m e s t i c s i n g l e u s e f o l l o w e d b y d o m e s t i c m u l t i p l e u s e s a n d s t o c k w a t e r i n g . A s t u d y o f i n - s t r e a m f l o w s c on c l u d e d t h a t t h e r e c o m m e n d e d s p a w n i n g f l o w s fo r t h e v a r i o u s s a l m o n i d s p e c i e s h a v e a v e r y l o w t o m e d i u m p r o b ab i l i t y o f o c c u r r e n c e i n C h i m a c u m Cr e e k d u r i n g t h e m o n t h s t h e y a re n e e d e d . O n l y c o h o a n d s t e e l h e a d a r e li k e l y t o r e m a i n v i a b l e i n C h i m a c u m C r e e k i f t h e c u r r e n t r a t e of s u r f a c e w a t e r w i t h d r a w a l i s n o t a d d r e s s e d . H i s t o r i c b e a v e r p o n ds a n d f o r e s t e d w e t l a n d s h a v e b e e n c o n v e r t e d to a g r i c u l t u r e a n d r u r a l r e s i d e n t i a l u s e a n d a r e n o w p r e d o m i n a n t l y d i t c h e s w i t h o u t s t r u c t u r e , c o m p l e x i t y , o r w e l l - v e g e t a t e d r i p ar i a n z o n e s . L W D i s l a c k i n g a n d f u t u r e r e c r u i t m e n t po t e n t i a l i s l i m i t e d d u e t o l a c k o f a f o r e s t e d r i p a r i a n z o n e . A g r i c u l t u r e , i n c l u d i n g l i v e s t o c k p r o d u c t i o n , h a s b e e n i d e n t i f i e d a s a m a j o r s o u r c e o f p o l l u t a n t s i n t h e m i d s u b b a s i n . Ru n o f f f r o m t h e t o w n s o f C h i m a c u m , P o r t H a d l o c k , a n d I r o n d a l e i s a l s o a p o t e n t i a l n o n - p o i n t s o u r c e o f p o l l u t i o n t h a t i s e x p e c t e d t o i n c r e a s e w i t h i n c r e a s i n g p o p u l a t i o n . T h e la k e s i n t h i s w a t e r s h e d ( G i b b s , P e t e r s o n , a n d A n d e r s o n ) a r e r e l a t i ve l y u n i m p a i r e d . W D F W a n n u a l l y s t o c k s A n d e r s o n L a k e w i t h r a i n bo w t r o u t , w h i c h c o m p e t e w i t h n a t i v e f i s h fo r l i m i t e d f o o d r e s o u r c e s , t h r e a t e n g e n e t i c i n t e g r i t y b y s p a w n i n g w i t h n a t i v e s a l m o n i d s , p r e y o n s m a l l e r n a t i v e f i s h , a n d s p r e ad h a t c h e r y d i s e a s e s t o n a t i v e f i s h . T h e l a k e h a s ex h i b i t e d w a t e r q u a l i t y p r o b l e m s , i n c l u d i n g b l o o m s o f t o x i c a l g a e t ha t k i l l e d s e v e r a l d o g s i n 2 0 0 6 . T h e C h i m a c u m C r e e k w a t e r s h e d h a s b e e n t h e f o c u s o f n u m e r o u s r e s t o r a t i o n ef f o r t s d u r i n g t h e p a s t t w o d e c a d e s . E f f o r t s h a v e i n c l u d e d p l a n t i ng r i p a r i a n a r e a s , a d d i n g L W D , p l a c i n g l i v e s t o c k e x c l u s i o n f e n c e s a l o n g t h e r i p a r i a n z o n e , r e m o v i n g f i n e se d i m e n t s , a n d c r e a t i n g o f f - c h a n n e l h a b i t a t . S t o c k e d s u m m e r c h u m fr o m t h e S a l m o n C r e e k w a t e r s h e d a p p e a r t o h a v e e s t a b l i s h e d a n at u r a l s p a w n i n g p o p u l a t i o n . V o l u n t a r y im p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r a l b e s t m a n a g e m e n t p r a c t i c e s b y l a n d o w n e r s m a y h a v e i m p r o v e d s a l m o n h a b i t a t a n d r e d u c e d t h e i m p a c t s o n w a t e r q u a l i t y , a l t h o u g h n o s t u d i e s ha v e c o n f i r m e d m e a s u r a b l e c h a n g e s . T h e s u c c e s s o f s e l f - s u s t a i n i n g sa l m o n i d p o p u l a t i o n s i n C h i m a c u m C r e e k m a y b e t h e b e s t i n d i c a to r o f r e s t o r a t i o n p o t e n t i a l a n d l o n g - t e r m su s t a i n a b i l i t y ; h o w e v e r , i n c r e a s i n g a g r i c u l t u r a l , c o m m e r c i a l , an d r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e w a t e r s h e d i s e x p e c t e d t o p l a c e c o n t i n u e d p r e s s u r e o n h a b i t a t f e a t u r e s (e s p e c i a l l y w a t e r q u a l i t y a n d q u a n t i t y ) a n d f u n c t i o n i n t h e n e x t d e c a d e . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h e U p p e r a n d L o w e r b a s i n s a s t i e r 1 p r i o r i t i e s fo r r e s t o r a t i o n . T h e E a s t F o r k a n d M i d d l e b a s i n s a r e t i e r 2 p r i o ri t i e s f o r r e s t o r a t i o n . Pa g e 5 - 2 2 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e / e n l a r g e c u l v e r t s on N a y l o r C r e e k t h a t m a y bl o c k f i s h p a s s a g e t o up s t r e a m r e a c h e s a n d Gi b b s L a k e , a n d o n Ch i m a c u m C r e e k a t C e n t e r Ro a d , E g g & I R o a d , a n d Ea g l e m o u n t R o a d t h a t m a y bl o c k f i s h p a s s a g e . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M M L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Re s t o r e n a t u r a l c h a n n e l mo r p h o l o g y i n t h e E a s t a n d We s t F o r k s w h e r e t h e ch a n n e l h a s b e e n st r a i g h t e n e d . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o d e t e r m i n e c h a n n e l di m e n s i o n s a n d c o n f i g u r a t i o n Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n s t r e a m c h a n n e l Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M M L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n a l o n g C h i m a c u m Cr e e k m a i n s t e m a n d tr i b u t a r i e s . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e sh a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m te m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-23 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re s t o r e w e t l a n d s a n d fl o o d p l a i n c o n n e c t i v i t y i n t h e mi d - s u b b a s i n . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o d e t e r m i n e e x i s t i n g ba s i n c o n d i t i o n s De t e r m i n e t a r g e t l e v e e o r d i k e r e m o v a l a r e a s o r ot h e r n e c e s s a r y a l t e r a t i o n s ( e . g . , c u l v e r t re p l a c e m e n t / e n l a r g e m e n t , r e m o v a l o f i r r i g a t i o n di t c h e s ) Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n w e t l a n d a n d fl o o d p l a i n c o n n e c t i v i t y r e s t o r a t i o n Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n i f n e e d e d Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e ( s ) In s t a l l p r o j e c t a n d p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p r o j e c t Re s t o r e n a t u r a l f l o w r e g i m e . I m p r o v e wa t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g n a t i v e sh o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p s e d i m e n t s an d n u t r i e n t s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Pa g e 5 - 2 4 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Sn o w a n d S a l m o n C r e e k s Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e S n o w a n d S a l m o n C r e e k b a s i n s a r e p r i m a r i l y f o r e s t e d , w i t h ag r i c u l t u r e a n d r e s i d e n t i a l u s e s d o m i n a t i n g t h e r i p a r i a n a r e a s of the lower wa t e r s h e d s . S n o w C r e e k o r i g i n a l l y f l o w e d t h r o u g h t h e v a l l e y a s an e a s t b a n k t r i b u t a r y t o S a l m o n C r e e k , b u t w a s m o v e d t o f u r t h e r e a s t t o d r a i n d i r e c t l y t o D i s c o v e r y B a y . Du r i n g c e r t a i n f l o o d e v e n t s , S n o w C r e e k o v e r f l o w s i n t o i t s o r i g i n al c h a n n e l i n t h e p a s t u r e , r e e s t a b l i s h i n g s o m e d i r e c t c o n t a c t wi t h S a l m o n C r e e k . B o t h S n o w a n d S a l m o n Cr e e k s f l o w m a i n l y o v e r b e d r o c k o r t i l l a n d h a v e n o a b i l i t y t o b e r e c h a r g e d b y g r o u n d w a t e r . W a t e r w i t h d r a w a l s f o r a g r i c u l t u r e h av e t h e p o t e n t i a l t o a f f e c t t h e l o w e r s t r e a m ch a n n e l s i n b o t h b a s i n s . A r t i f i c i a l l y d e p r e s s e d s u m m e r f l o w s r ed u c e f i s h h a b i t a t , d e g r a d e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e l e v a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e a n d c o n c e n t r a t i n g n u t r i e n t s , a n d i m p a i r f i s h pa s s a g e . L a r g e c l e a r c u t s i n t h e 1 9 8 0 s c o n t r i b u t e d t o d e g r a d e d s t re a m c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e m i d d l e a n d u p p e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e S n o w C re e k w a t e r s h e d o n t h e s o u t h s i d e o f B i g Sk i d d e r H i l l . N e a r t h e D i s c o v e r y B a y o u t l e t , a n d i n t h e C r o c k e r La k e a r e a , h a b i t a t d e g r a d a t i o n f r o m a n i m a l a c c e s s , l a c k o f c h a n ne l s h a d i n g , a n d v e g e t a t i o n g r o w t h a r e pr o b l e m s . A p o r t i o n o f S n o w C r e e k b e l o w R M 3 . 5 h a s b e e n a r m o r e d wi t h r i p r a p . M o s t h a b i t a t c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s a r e f ai r t o p o o r . T h e m a j o r i t y o f S n o w C r e e k ’ s ri p a r i a n c o r r i d o r i s n a r r o w ( l e s s t h a n 7 0 f t w i d e ) a n d h a s b e e n c l e a r e d o f a l l l a r g e c o n i f e r s , l e a v i n g o n l y d e c i d u o u s t r e e s . S n ow C r e e k h a s a n a n n u a l a v e r a g e d i s c h a r g e o f 2 2 cf s . W i n t e r i n - s t r e a m f l o w s a r e u n u s u a l l y h i gh a n d e r o s i v e . T h e m u l t i p l e f a c t o r s o f h i gh w i n t e r f l o w s , u n u s u a l l y h i g h a n n u a l d i sc h a r g e , a n d a n o t a b l y n a r r o w r i p a r i a n c o r r i d o r su g g e s t S n o w C r e e k w a s t o o s m a l l t o a c c o m m o d a t e a 3 0 p e r c e n t i n cr e a s e i n w a t e r s h e d a r e a , w h i c h o c c u r r e d w h e n A n d e r s o n C r e e k w a s d i v e r t e d i n t o S n ow Creek. WDFW ma i n t a i n s a w e i r o n S n o w C r e e k a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y R M 0 . 8 t h a t o b s t r u c t s d o w n s t r e a m m o v e m e n t o f b e d l o a d a n d L W D . T o c o m p e n s a t e f o r t h i s , g r a v e l a n d s e d i m e n t s a r e re m o v e d p e r i o d i c a l l y a n d d i s p o s e d o f a t a n u p l a n d s i t e . L W D i s p a ss e d d o w n s t r e a m a n d c o n t r i b u t e s to h a b i t a t s t r u c t u r e . T h i s a c c om m o d a t i o n i s n e i t h e r r e s t o r a t i v e n o r s e l f - su s t a i n i n g . R o a d d e n s i t i e s a r e r e l a t i v e l y h i g h , a n d a t l e a s t s i x c u lv e r t s a r e k n o w n t o b l o c k f i s h a c c e s s . O v e r h a l f o f t h e l o w e r S a l m o n C r e e k h a s b e e n c h a n n e l i z e d , a n d s o m e o f th e c h a n n e l h a s b e e n a r m o r e d w i t h r o c k . A g r i c u l t u r a l a n d g r a z i n g p r a c t i c e s h a v e s e v e r e l y r e d u c e d c h a n n e l s i n u o s i t y , h a b i t a t c o m pl e x i t y , a n d r i p a r i a n b u f f e r s o n S a l m o n Cr e e k . M o s t o f t h e s t r e a m b a n k s a r e f e n c e d fr o m c a t t l e , w i t h s o m e e x c e p t i o n s , b u t t he l o w e r r e a c h o f S a l m o n C r e e k d o e s n o t m e e t f e c a l c o l i f o r m s t a n d a r d s . T h e p r i m a r y so u r c e s o f n o n - p o i n t p o l l u t i o n i n t h e s u b - b a s i n a r e f o r e s t r y an d a g r i c u l t u r a l o p e r a t i o n s , a n d t h e t w o p r i m a r y p o l l u t a n t s a r e f e ca l c o l i f o r m a n d s e d i m e n t . V e r y f e w p e o p l e l i v e i n th e s u b - b a s i n ; f a i l i n g s e p t i c s y s t e m s a n d u r b a n r u n o f f a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d m a j o r s o u r c e s o f p o l l u t i o n . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h e S n o w C r e e k w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c ti o n . E c o l o g y r a t e d t h e l o w e r S a l m o n C r e e k w a t e r s h e d a s s u i t a b l e f o r d e v e l o p m e n t a n d t h e u p p e r Sa l m o n C r e e k w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e m i d d l e an d u p p e r r e a c h e s o f S n o w Cr e e k . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e sh a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m te m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-25 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Ex a m i n e o p t i o n s t o m i t i g a t e th e e f f e c t s o f d i v e r t i n g st r e a m f l o w f r o m A n d r e w s Cr e e k i n t o S n o w C r e e k . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o d e t e r m i n e c h a n n e l mo r p h o l o g y a n d e x i s t i n g h a b i t a t c o n d i t i o n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d De v e l o p m i t i g a t i o n p l a n a n d p l a n t i n g p l a n Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r L W D i n s t a l l a t i o n , gr a d i n g , a n d o t h e r r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e Im p l e m e n t r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s a n d i n s t a l l p l a n t s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n r e s t o r a t i o n s i t e a n d p l a n t es t a b l i s h m e n t M- H M M Wi d e n t h e r i p a r i a n c o r r i d o r a n d pr o v i d e g r e a t e r o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r f l o o d st o r a g e i n t h e w a t e r s h e d . I m p r o v e wa t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g n a t i v e sh o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p s e d i m e n t s an d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e s h a d i n g t o am e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m t e m p e r a t u r e s . St a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D r e c r u i t m e n t po t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d ch a i n s u p p o r t ) . Wo r k w i t h W D F W t o ex a m i n e o p t i o n s f o r re s t o r i n g s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t an d L W D t r a n s p o r t c a p a c i t y pa s t t h e S n o w C r e e k w e i r a t RM 0 . 8 ( c u r r e n t o p t i o n o f re m o v i n g g r a v e l a b o v e t h e we i r m a y n o t b e su s t a i n a b l e ) . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d y t o d e t e r m i n e c h a n n e l di m e n s i o n s a n d c o n f i g u r a t i o n Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d De s i g n r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i o n s Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n L W D i n s t a l l a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t / i n s t a l l l o g s Mo n i t o r s t r e a m h a b i t a t f u n c t i o n M M M Re s t o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t pr o c e s s e s . C r e a t e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I n c r e a s e LW D r e c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d or g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Ex a m i n e o p t i o n s f o r mi t i g a t i n g e f f e c t s o f h i g h wi n t e r f l o w s i n S a l m o n Cr e e k . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d y t o d e t e r m i n e c h a n n e l di m e n s i o n s a n d c o n f i g u r a t i o n Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d De v e l o p m i t i g a t i o n p l a n a n d p l a n t i n g p l a n Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r L W D i n s t a l l a t i o n , gr a d i n g , a n d o t h e r r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e Im p l e m e n t r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s a n d i n s t a l l p l a n t s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n r e s t o r a t i o n s i t e a n d p l a n t es t a b l i s h m e n t M- H M M In c r e a s e f l o o d s t o r a g e a n d se d i m e n t / n u t r i e n t l o a d i n g op p o r t u n i t i e s a l o n g s t r e a m b a n k s . Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e , w o o d y v egetation along st r e a m b a n k s . I m p r o v e s h a d i n g t o am e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m t e m p e r a t u r e s . St a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D r e c r u i t m e n t po t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d ch a i n s u p p o r t ) . Pa g e 5 - 2 6 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re m o v e f i l l a n d b l o c k e d cu l v e r t s o n S R 1 0 4 a n d S R 10 1 . Co n d u c t s i t e s t u d i e s t o d e t e r m i n e d e s i r e d l o c a t i o n s an d g r a d e s f o r f i l l r e m o v a l Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e s a n d a p p r o p r i a t e b a n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n ap p r o a c h Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r g r a d i n g , f i l l r e m o v a l , bi o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n , a n d r e p l a c e m e n t c u l v e r t s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d i n s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n a n d i n - s t r e a m f l o w M L- M L- M In c r e a s e m i l e s o f a c c e s s i b l e s t r e a m ha b i t a t f o r s a l m o n i d s . En h a n c e c o n n e c t i o n be t w e e n S a l m o n C r e e k st r e a m a n d i t s e s t u a r y . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o d e t e r m i n e c h a n n e l mo r p h o l o g y a n d e x i s t i n g h a b i t a t c o n d i t i o n s De t e r m i n e t a r g e t l e v e e o r d i k e r e m o v a l a r e a s o r ot h e r n e c e s s a r y a l t e r a t i o n s ( e . g . , c u l v e r t re p l a c e m e n t / e n l a r g e m e n t , r e m o v a l o f i r r i g a t i o n di t c h e s ) Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n g r a d i n g a n d o t h e r ac t i v i t i e s t o e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n - e s t u a r i n e c o n n e c t i v i t y Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n i f n e e d e d Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p r o j e c t a n d p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p r o j e c t M- H M M En h a n c e n a t u r a l f l o w r e g i m e . R e s t o r e na t u r a l s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t a n d de p o s i t i o n i n t h e e s t u a r y . I n c r e a s e LW D r e c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d or g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e m i l e s o f ac c e s s i b l e e s t u a r y / s t r e a m r e a r i n g ha b i t a t f o r s a l m o n i d s . Di s c o v e r y B a y - W e s t S h o r e Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : R i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n h a s b e e n r e m o v e d f r o m C o n t r a c t o r ’ s C r e e k a n d a c u l v e r t b l o c k s a c c e s s t o t h e l o w e r s t r e a m c h a n n e l . Ra t i n g : E c o l o g y r a t e d t h i s w a t e r s h e d a s a p r i o r i t y f o r p r o t e c t i o n . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-27 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 3 . R e c o m m e n d e d F r e s h w a t e r R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n a t C o n t r a c t o r ’ s Cr e e k . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y b y e s t a b l i s h i n g na t i v e s h o r e l i n e b u f f e r s t o t r a p se d i m e n t s a n d n u t r i e n t s . I m p r o v e sh a d i n g t o a m e l i o r a t e h i g h s t r e a m te m p e r a t u r e s . S t a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Re m o v e / e n l a r g e c u l v e r t a t th e m o u t h o f C o n t r a c t o r ’ s Cr e e k a n d p l a c e L W D i n t h e ch a n n e l t o i m p r o v e i n - st r e a m h a b i t a t c o m p l e x i t y . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t cu l v e r t s a n d L W D i n s t a l l a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t s a n d L W D Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t a n d i n - s t r e a m f u n c t i o n s M L L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . I m p r o v e i n - st r e a m c o n d i t i o n s f o r f i s h b y fa c i l i t a t i n g d e v e l o p m e n t o f p o o l s a n d ri f f l e s . R e d u c e p o t e n t i a l f o r s p a w n i n g be d s c o u r . Pa g e 5 - 2 8 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 Re c o m m e n d e d Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Expected Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ja c k s o n C o v e ( R e a c h L ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h i s r e a c h i n c l u d e s t h e J a c k s o n / M a r p l e c r e e k e s t u a r y a n d S p e n c e r C r e e k e s t u a r y . T h e J a c k s o n / M a r p l e C r e e k e s t u a r y i s h e a v i l y a l tered but the Sp e n c e r C r e e k e s t u a r y i s i n g o o d c o n d i t i o n a n d t h e m e a n d e r c ha n n e l s , d i s t r i b u t a r y c h a n n e l s , a n d ri p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n a p p e a r m o s t ly i n t a c t . O u t s i d e o f t h e S p e n c e r C r e e k es t u a r y , t h e J a c k s o n C o v e s h o r e l i n e i s m o s t l y a r m o r e d w i t h b o a t r a m p s / p i e r s / f l o a t s f o r e a c h r e s i d e n t i a l l o t . M u c h o f t h e r i p a r i an v e g e t a t i o n i s c l e a r e d a n d t h e a r m o r i n g a p p e a r s to f u n c t i o n a s y a r d e n l a r g e m e n t , r a t h e r t ha n b u i l d i n g p r o t e c t i o n . B e c a u s e mo s t o f t h e c o v e i s a n a r e a o f n o n e t d r i f t , t h e i n - w at e r s t r u c t u r e s a n d a r m o r i n g m a y n o t h a v e im p a i r e d l o n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . I n d e e d , a l o n g t h e m o s t h e a v i l y a r m o r e d p a r t s o f t h e c o v e , e e l g r a s s i s c o n t i n u o u s a n d h e r ri n g s p a w n i n g i s d o c u m e n t e d , i n d i c a t i n g pr o d u c t i v e b i o l o g i c a l f u n c t i o n s d e s p i t e s h o r e l i n e a l t e r a t i o n s . R i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n i n c r e a s e s t o a b o u t 3 0 p e r c e n t c o v e r a g e b e t w e en P u l a l i a n d W h i t n e y p o i n t s , a l t h o u g h i t i s ab s e n t i n f r o n t o f t h e f o r m e r s t a t e s h e l l f i s h l a b . A n a c c r e t i o n b e a c h n e a r W h i t n e y Po i n t e n c l o s e s a l a g o o n t h a t h a s b e e n h i g h l y a l t e r e d . B u l k h e a d s e x t e n d i n t o t h e i n t e r t i d a l zo n e t o p r o v i d e p a r k i n g f o r t h e s h e l l f i s h f a c i l i t y . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r ea . T h e W i l l a m e t t e V a l l e y - P u g e t T r o u g h - G e o r g i a B a s i n E c o r e g i o n a l A ss e s s m e n t i d e n t i f i e s t h i s a s a p r i o r i t y co n s e r v a t i o n a r e a f o r i t s h i g h - q u a l i t y n e a r s h o r e a n d t e r r e s t r i a l h a b i t a t . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . Re p l a c e b u l k h e a d i n f r o n t o f B. S . A . C a m p P a r s o n s w i t h bi o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n a n d c r e a t e na t u r a l b a c k s h o r e h a b i t a t . Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s f o r b a c k s h o r e ha b i t a t In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Gr a d e a n d p l a n t t o c r e a t e b a c k s h o r e Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d h a b i t a t f o r m a t i o n L L M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t . I n c r e a s e ba c k s h o r e h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e w o o d y de b r i s s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n re s i d e n t i a l d o c k s w i t h o p e n - gr a t i n g a t J a c k s o n C o v e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s L L L- M In c r e a s e l i g h t p e n e t r a t i o n t o i m p r o v e co n d i t i o n s f o r e e l g r a s s a n d o t h e r aq u a t i c p l a n t s . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-29 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re m o v e f i l l a n d a r m o r i n g a t Ma r p l e C r e e k e s t u a r y . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y e s t u a r y r e - es t a b l i s h m e n t Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r f i l l r e m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l m a t e r i a l a n d b u l k h e a d s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e e s t u a r y / re a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g s a l m o n . Im p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y an d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e wo o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Re l o c a t e s h e l l f i s h f a c i l i t y pa r k i n g l o t t o a n u p l a n d lo c a t i o n a t P o i n t W h i t n e y , re m o v e f i l l a n d t h e d i k e ac r o s s t h e l a g o o n , a n d re t u r n t h e s p i t a n d l a g o o n t o a m o r e n a t u r a l s t a t e . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y d i k e r e m o v a l an d l a g o o n r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t i s s u e s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d f o r n e w pa r k i n g a r e a Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s De v e l o p p l a n t i n g p l a n s , i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d d i k e Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e l a g o o n h a b i t a t . In c r e a s e n e a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m a r i n e mi g r a t i n g s a l m o n , m a r i n e b i r d s a n d ot h e r s p e c i e s . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e se d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Qu l i c e n e B a y ( R e a c h M ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : On R e a c h M , s h o r e l i n e d e v e l o p m e n t i s m i n i m a l a n d t h e r e a r e n o m a jo r m o d i f i c a t i o n s n o r t h o f t h e st a t e s h e l l f i s h l a b o r a t o r y . T h e Devils Lake riparian ar e a i s l a r g e l y i n t a c t , w i t h f e w d i s t u r b a n c e s a n d v e r y f e w h o u s e s . U n l i k e t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e w a t e r s h e d , t h e m a r i n e s h o r e l i n e w as n o t c l e a r e d i n t h e 1 9 7 0 s , s o v e g e t a t i o n i s ma t u r e . T r e e s a n d s h r u b s o v e r h a n g t h e u p p e r s h o r e . T h e D e v i l s C r ee k e s t u a r y , a t F r e n c h m a n ’ s P o i n t , i s a r a r e e x a m p l e o f a n u n a lt e r e d c r e e k m o u t h t h a t t r a n s i t i o n s i n t o a na t u r a l d e l t a w i t h a l a r g e a l l u v i a l f a n , s i d e c h a n n e l s , L W D , an d d e n s e v e g e t a t i o n . T h e o n l y v i s i b l e m a r i n e m o d i f i c a t i o n i n t h i s r e a c h i s a s e r i e s o f p i les that once supported a ma r i n e r a i l w a y n e a r H e r b B e c k M a r i n a . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e d e r e l i c t p i l e s f r o m ol d m a r i n a r a i l w a y a t n o r t h en d o f r e a c h . Pr e p a r e p i l e r e m o v a l p l a n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e p i l e s L L L Im p r o v e n e a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e w a t e r qu a l i t y b y r e m o v i n g t r e a t e d p i l e s . Pa g e 5 - 3 0 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) In d i a n G e o r g e C r e e k ( R e a c h N ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : R e a c h N h a s n o f r e s h w a t e r i n p u t s . M o s t o f t h e s h o r e l i n e i s a r m o r e d a n d c l e a r e d o f ri p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n . L i n g e r L o n g e r R o a d r u n s along the shore. The He r b B e c k M a r i n a w a s b u i l t b e h i n d a n a t u r a l s p i t a n d t h e s p i t i s h e a v i l y a r m o r e d , b u t t h e m a r i n a h a s n o t i m p a i r e d s a n d l a n c e s p aw n i n g o r l o n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . T h e Po r t o f P o r t T o w n s e n d p r o v i d e s p u b l i c p a r k i n g a n d a c c e s s t o t h e sp i t , w h i c h i s a s t a t e b e a c h p a r k o n t h e s o u t h s i d e . T h e P o r t a ls o m a i n t a i n s a p u b l i c b o a t l a u n c h i n t h e ma r i n a , a b o a t s e w a g e p u m p - o u t , a n d p u b l i c r e s t r o o m s . A d j a c e n t t o t h e m a r i n a i s a c o m m e r c i a l s h e l l f i s h o p e r a t i o n w i t h a b o a t r a mp , f l o a t s , a n d s h e l l f i s h g e a r o c c u p y i n g in t e r t i d a l a n d s h a l l o w s u b t i d a l e l e v a t i o n s . A f o r m e r a i r s t r i p , no w o p e r a t e d a s a c o m m e r c i a l r e c r e a t i o n a l v e h i c l e p a r k , w a s c o n s tr u c t e d o n i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t b e t w e e n t h e r o a d a n d th e w a t e r . T h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e r e a c h c o n s i s t s o f a c l u s t e r o f h o u s e s b u i l t a l o n g t h e s h o r e l i n e i n a f o r m e r d e l t a s a l t m a r s h . T he s h o r e l i n e i s e n t i r e l y f i l l e d a n d a r m o r e d . L i t t l e ri p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n r e m a i n s . E a c h l o t a p p e a r s t o h a v e a b u l k h e a d an d a p r i v a t e b o a t r a m p . E e l g r a ss i s p a t c h y a l o n g t h i s r e a c h , bu t h e r r i n g s p a w n i n g a n d h o l d i n g a r e a s a r e pr e s e n t . N e a r I n d i a n G e o r g e C r e e k , a m a j o r r e st o r a t i o n p r o j e c t w a s r e c e n t l y c o m p l e t e d at a s t a t e s h e l l f i s h h a r v e s t i n g s i t e , w h i ch i n c l u d e d t h e r e m o v a l o f a n a b a n d o n e d b a r g e , di k e s a n d f i l l a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a p a r k i n g l o t . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e r a t e d t h i s a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e f i l l a t a i r s t r i p n o r t h of m a r i n a a n d r e s t o r e t h e sh o r e l i n e . Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r f i l l r e m o v a l De v e l o p p l a n t i n g p l a n s , i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M L M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e i n t e r t i d a l ha b i t a t f o r f o r a g e f i s h , s a l m o n , m a r i n e bi r d s a n d o t h e r s p e c i e s . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e w o o d y de b r i s s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-31 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Qu i l c e n e B a y , Q u i l c e n e R i v e r D e l t a ( R e a c h O ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : R e a c h O c o n s i s t s o f t h e b r o a d d e l t a o f t he B i g a n d L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e r i v e r s a n d o t h e r s m al l e r s t r e a m s t h a t d r a i n i n t o t h e h e a d o f Quilcene Bay. May and Pe t e r s o n ( 2 0 0 3 ) i d e n t i f y Q u i l c e n e B a y a s a C a t e g o r y A s a l m o n i d r e f u g i a . T h e m a r i n e s h o r e l i n e a l o n g t h i s r e a c h i s h i g h l y a l t e r e d b y d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e Q u i l c e n e d e l t a , i n c l u d i n g In d i a n G e o r g e C r e e k a n d D o n o v a n C r e e k e s t ua r i e s , h a s b e e n e x t e n s i v e l y m o d i f i e d b y c l ea r i n g , g r a d i n g , f i l l i n g , d i k i n g , s t r e a m c h an n e l i z a t i o n , a n d c o m m e r c i a l , a g r i c u l t u r a l , a n d re s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . M o r e t h a n 5 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e t i d e f l a t s h a v e b e e n d i k e d f o r f a r m i n g . N u m e r o u s r o a d s e x t e n d i n t o t h e e s tu a r y o n f i l l , a n d s u r r o u n d i n g t i d e f l a t s h a v e be e n p l a t t e d a n d d i k e d o r f i l l e d . T h e f l o o d p l a i n o f t h e l o w e r L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e i s n a r r o w l y c o n f i n e d b e t w e e n D a b o b R o a d a n d F r a n k B e c k R o a d , w h i c h e x t e n d a c r o s s t h e t i d e f l a t s we l l i n t o t h e e s t u a r y . T h e u p p e r e s t u a r y ha s b e e n e x t e n s i v e l y d i k e d a n d f i l l e d f o r a g r i c u l t u r e a n d r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . O t h e r i m p a i r m e n t s i n c l u d e t i d e g a t e s , a b a n d o n e d pi l e s a n d b a r g e s , b o a t r a m p s , a n d m a i n t a i n e d p a s t u r e s . H i g h s e d i m e n t l o a d s d u e t o l o g g i n g i n t h e u p p e r w a t e r s h e d s o f t h e s e r i v e r s a n d a g r i c u l t u r e i n t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s a r e de p o s i t e d o n t h e Q u i l c e n e d e l t a , c a u s i n g p r og r a d a t i o n a n d s h o a l i n g . D e s p i t e t h i s d i s t ur b a n c e , t h e e x t e n s i v e t i d e f l a t s h a v e r e t a i n e d n u m e r o u s n a t u r a l f e a t u r e s , i n c l u d i n g de n d r i t i c a n d d i s t r i b u t a r y c h a n n e l s , a n d n a t ur a l f u n c t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g p r o v i d i n g s p a w n i n g a n d r e a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r f o r a g e f i s h , s al m o n , a n d s h e l l f i s h . D e g r a d e d w a t e r q u a l i t y i s a pr o b l e m i n t h e e s t u a r y . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e r a t e d t h i s a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Ex p l o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o re m o v e / r e p a i r t i d e g a t e s , de r e l i c t p i l e s a n d b a r g e s , an d b o a t r a m p s t h a t a r e im p a i r i n g h a b i t a t w i t h i n t h e br o a d e s t u a r y d e l t a . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y e s t u a r y r e - re s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s o p t i o n s f o r r e m o v i n g st r u c t u r e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re s t o r e e s t u a r y Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e e s t u a r y h a b i t a t fo r s a l m o n a n d m a r i n e b i r d s . I m p r o v e an d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e t i d a l c i r c u l a t i o n a n d fl u s h i n g . R e s t o r e n a t u r a l c h a n n e l mi g r a t i o n a n d s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t pr o c e s s e s . Bo l t o n P e n i n s u l a a n d T a r b o o B a y ( R e a c h e s P , Q a n d R ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e w e s t s l o p e o f t h e B o l t o n P e n i n s u l a d r a i n s d i r e c t l y i n t o Q u i l c e n e B a y ; t h e e a s t s l o p e d r a i n s i n t o T a r b o o B a y . T a r b o o B a y i s considered one of the to p o y s t e r g r o w i n g a r e a s i n t h e st a t e . T h e f o r e s t e d s h o r e l i n e s a n d p r o t e c t e d l a n d s o f t h e D a b o b Na t u r a l A r e a P r e s e r v e p r o t e c t T ar b o o B a y a n d p r o v i d e n e s t s i t e s f o r b a l d ea g l e s , o s p r e y , a n d g r e a t b l u e h e r o n s . T h e s h o r el i n e s o f t h e B o l t o n P e n i n s u l a a r e z o n e d r u r a l r e s i d e n t i a l a n d a l m o s t e v e r y w a t e rf r o n t p a r c e l h a s a s e p t i c s y s t e m w i t h i n 2 0 0 f t of t h e s h o r e . W a t e r q u a l i t y d e g r a d at i o n , d u e t o f e c a l c o l i f o r m , h a s b e e n a p r o b l e m in t h e b a y , l e a d i n g t o s h e l l f i s h c l o s u r e s . T he l o w b a n k s h o r e l i n e o n t h e Q u i l c e n e B a y s i d e o f th e B o l t o n P e n i n s u l a f a c e s i n c r e a s i n g d e v e l o p me n t p r e s s u r e b e c a u s e i t i s c l o s e r t o Q u i l c e n e a n d r e l a t i v e l y a c c e s s i b l e . S t e e p h i ll s i d e s o n t h e w e s t s i d e o f the peninsula restrict sh o r e l i n e d e v e l o p m e n t t o f e w e r l o c a t i o n s , p r i m a r i l y a t L i n d s a y B ea c h , B r o a d S p i t , a n d a t s e v e r a l u n n a m e d s m a l l c r e e k s . G r o i n s a t C a m p D i s c o v e r y m a y b e d i s r u p t i n g lo n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . E a s t Q u i l c e n e R o ad r u n s a l o n g t h e n o r t h w e s t s h o r e o f Q u il c e n e B a y , w i t h n u m e r o u s p r i v a t e d r i v e s l ea d i n g t o h o u s e s . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e r a t e d R e a c h R a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Pa g e 5 - 3 2 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s o n l o w b a n k sh o r e s w i t h b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n p r i v a t e re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s a l o n g th e e a s t a n d w e s t s h o r e s o f th e T a r b o o e s t u a r y . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n s In s t a l l p l a n t s Mo n i t o r p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Im p r o v e q u a l i t y o f e s t u a r y h a b i t a t . Pr o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n t o e s t a b l i s h . E n h a n c e fo r a g i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r s h o r e b i r d s an d o t h e r s p e c i e s . Re m o v e f i l l a t t h e t e r m i n u s of t h e d r i f t c e l l n e a r E a s t Qu i l c e n e R o a d a n d L i n d s e y Hi l l R o a d t o r e s t o r e n a t u r a l de p o s i t i o n o f s e d i m e n t i n t o no r t h e r n Q u i l c e n e B a y a n d re s t o r e l o s t s h a l l o w w a t e r ha b i t a t . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y f i l l r e m o v a l a n d ha b i t a t r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d r e s t o r e e s t u a r y Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e e s t u a r y a n d in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t f o r s a l m o n . I m p r o v e an d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e t i d a l ci r c u l a t i o n a n d f l u s h i n g . R e s t o r e na t u r a l s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t p r o c e s s e s . To a n d o s P e n i n s u l a ( R ea c h e s S , T a n d U ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a h a s h a d r e l a t i v e l y s p a r s e d e v e l o p m e n t a l on g i t s s h o r e s , a l t h o u g h r e c e n t d e v e l o p m e n t p r e s s u r e s a n d r e s i d ential subdivision ar e i n c r e a s i n g . S h o r e l i n e d e v e l o p m e n t i s c o nc e n t r a t e d a t C a m p D i s c o v e r y , C a m p H a r m o n y, a n d Z e l a t c h e d P o i n t ( p a r t o f a U . S . N a v y b a s e f o r t o r p e d o a n d s u b m a r i n e t e s t i n g ) . A l a r g e s a l t m a r s h l a g o o n a t Z e l a t c h e d P o i n t h a s b e e n p a r t i a l l y fi l l e d ( 1 0 % ) f o r N a v y b a s e p a r k i n g . T h e s o u t h e n d o f t h e p e n i n s ul a i n c l u d e s t h e s m a l l c o m m u n i t i e s o f C o y l e a n d Fi s h e r m a n H a r b o r . T w o s m a l l s a l m o n - b e a r i n g s t r e a m s f l o w i n t o t he h e a d o f t h e h a r b o r ; o n e w i t h 1 3 c u l v e r t s t h a t b l o c k f i s h p a s s a ge ; t h e o t h e r w i t h t h r e e . R o a d ( a n d h o u s i n g ) de n s i t y i n t h e h a r b o r a r e a i s r e l a t i v e l y h i g h , b u t o t h e r w i s e t h e r e a r e f e w b u l k h e a d s o r a r e a s of f i l l . A s m a l l m a r i n a ( a b o u t 7 0 s l i p s ) i s n e a r t h e h e a d o f the bay and there are nu m e r o u s r e s i d e n t i a l d o c k s , p i e r s , r a m p s , a n d bo a t h o u s e s . T h e h a r b o r i s s u r r o u n d e d b y h i gh d e n s i t i e s o f s e p t i c s y s t e m s a l o n g t h e s h o r e l i n e , b u t a l s o h i g h l y p e r m e a b l e s o i l s , wh i c h w o u l d a i d i n s e p t i c s y s t e m f u n c t i o n . T h e h a r b o r p r o v i d e s i m p o r t a n t s h e l t e r e d f o r a g i n g h a b i t a t f o r j u v e n i l e s a l m o n i d s , w i t h a b u n d a n t s h e l l f i s h r e s ources just outside the na t u r a l s p i t t h a t e n c l o s e s t h e h a r b o r e n t r a n c e . O n t h e e a s t s i d e of t h e p e n i n s u l a , j u s t n o r t h of H a z e l P o i n t , a r e s i d e n t i a l b u l kh e a d a n d h o u s e e x t e n d i n t o t h e u p p e r i n t e r t i d a l zo n e , p o s s i b l y i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h l o n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t t o th e p o i n t ; o t h e r w i s e t h e d r i f t c e l l i s m i n i m a l l y a l t e r e d . M o s t fe e d e r b l u f f s i n t h i s a r e a a r e n o t a r m o r e d , i n d i c a t i n g hi g h - q u a l i t y s h o r e l i n e c o n d i t i o n s . E e l g r a s s i s c o n t i n u o u s f r o m Ha z e l P o i n t t o S o u t h P o i n t . I n g e n e r a l t h e T o a n d o s P e n i n s u l a e a s t s h o r e l i n e r e a c h e s r e t a i n h i g h f u n c t i o n , w i t h un d i s t u r b e d f e e d e r b l u f f s i n t e r s p e r s e d b y l o w e r b a nk s c o v e r e d i n h e a l t h y r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-33 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s n o r t h o f H a z e l Po i n t w i t h b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . Re m o v e r a m p s , b u l k h e a d s , an d f i l l f r o m l a g o o n a t Ze l a t c h e d P o i n t a n d r e s t o r e sa l t m a r s h Co o r d i n a t e w i t h U S N a v y t o d e v e l o p r e s t o r a t i o n p l a n Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s , b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n n e e d s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d s t r u c t u r e s Re s t o r e m a r s h Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I n c r e a s e s a l t m a r s h h a b i t a t fo r m a r i n e b i r d s a n d o t h e r s p e c i e s . Th r o n d y k e B a y a n d S h i n e C r e e k E s t u a r y ( R e a c h V ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e T h o r n d y k e B a y s h o r e l i n e i s o n e o f t h e l e a s t d e v e l o p e d a r ea s o n H o o d C a n a l a n d i s c o n s i d e r e d o n e o f t h e t o p p r i o r i t i e s f o r e s t u a r i n e c o n s e r v a t i o n in t h e P u g e t S o u n d r e g i o n . T h o r n d y k e C r e e k i s u n i q u e f o r s e v e r a l r e a s o n s , i n c l u d i n g a l a c k o f r o a d c r o s s i n g s , s p a r s e r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d b e a v e r d a m s i n t h e l o w e r re a c h e s o f t h e s t r e a m d o w n t o t h e h i g h - t id e l i n e . I t h a s a l a r g e ( 3 2 - a c r e ) m a r s h a n d mu d f l a t c o m p l e x e n c l o s e d b y a b a r r i e r b e a c h. B a l d e a g l e s a n d o s p r e y n e s t i n t h i s a r e a . Ma y a n d P e t e r s o n ( 2 0 0 3 ) i d e n t i f y t h e T h o r n d y k e C r e e k e s t u a r y a s a C a t e g o r y A r e f u g i a f o r s a l m o n i d s . T h o r n d y k e B a y i s a l s o a r e g io n a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t o v e r w i n t e r i n g s i t e f o r wa t e r f o w l . D e s p i t e a h i s t o r y o f l o g g i n g a c t i v i t y i n t h e w a t e r s h e d a n d a p p a r e n t l o g s t o r a g e i n t h e es t u a r y , t h e g e n e r a l e x t e n t a nd c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f m a j o r habitat features are si m i l a r t o h i s t o r i c a l c o n d i t i o n s . T h e o v e r a l l c o n n e c t i v i t y o f t h e T h o r n d y k e C r e e k e s t u a r y a p p e a r s u n i m p a i r e d . W a t e r q u a l i t y i n Th o r n d y k e B a y i s g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d g o o d . Ju s t n o r t h o f t h e T h o r n d y k e e s t u a r y i s an a r e a o f u n d e v e l o p e d m a r i n e s h o r e l i n e a n d f r eq u e n t l a n d s l i d e s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e a b u n d a n t s e d i m e n t t o l o n g s h o r e drift. Between the Th o r n d y k e e s t u a r y a n d S o u t h P o i n t t h e r e a r e fe w b u l k h e a d s o r s h o r e l i n e a l t e r a t i o n s o f n o t e . F o r a g e f i s h s p a w n i n g b e a c h e s a r e c o mm o n , b u t p a t c h y , a l o n g t h e s h o r e . T h e l o n g an d n a r r o w S o u t h P o i n t S p i t w a s f o r m e d b y s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t f r o m a n e x t e n s i v e d r i f t c e l l f r o m t he s o u t h . T h e h a b i t a t c o m p l e x h is t o r i c a l l y s u p p o r t e d f r i n g i n g t i d a l m a r s h a n d la g o o n h a b i t a t p r o t e c t e d b e h i n d t he s p i t , b u t m o s t o f t h a t h a b i t a t h a s b e e n l o s t t o h o u s i n g d e v e l o p m e n t o n t h e s p i t a n d a l o n g t he s h o r e l i n e a t B r i d g e h a v e n . T h e B r i d g e h a v e n ar e a c o n s i s t s o f h i g h - d e n s i t y h o u s i n g a n d wa t e r f r o n t f a c i l i t i e s ( i . e . , a n o l d f e r r y l a nd i n g a n d p a r k i n g l o t s ) , w i t h p a v e m e n t a n d a r m o r i n g e x t e n d i n g w e l l i n t o t h e i n t e r t i d a l r a n g e . Bu l k h e a d s a n d f i l l h a v e n a r r o w e d a n d c o a r s e n e d s p a w n i n g b e a c h a l o ng t h e o u t s i d e s i d e o f t h e s p i t . Th e h i s t o r i c b r o a d s a n d b e a c h es a r e g r a d u a l l y b e i n g r e p l a c e d w i t h g r a v e l an d c o b b l e . T h e s p i t - s i d e o f t h e b a c k b a y c o n s i s t s o f a n a r m o re d s h o r e l i n e l i n e d w i t h w o o d p i l e s a n d d o c k s . O v e r w a t e r c o v e r a g e i s n e a r l y c o n t i n u o u s b e c a u s e t h e d o c k s t e n d to p a r a l l e l t h e w a t e r f r o n t e d g e o f e a c h p a r c e l . A l a r g e c o m m u n i ty d o c k s i t s a t t h e e n t r a n c e t o th e b a c k b a y . A j e t t y a t t h e b a ck b a y e n t r a n c e i n t e r r u p t s n e t s h o r e - d r i f t t o t h e no r t h . I m m e d i a t e l y s o u t h o f t h e s p i t , b e t w e e n t h e S o u t h P o i n t f e rr y t e r m i n a l a n d t h e s p i t r o a d , a l a r g e s a l t m a r s h h a s b e e n f i l le d a n d c o n f i n e d b y r o a d s a r o u n d a l l s i d e s t h a t fu n c t i o n a s d i k e s . T h e d i k e s p r e v e n t u p l a nd a n d n e a r s h o r e p r o c e s s e s f r o m s u s t a i n i n g n a tu r a l s a l t m a r s h f u n c t i o n . A b o u t h a l f t h e m a r s h a p p e a r s t o b e v e g e t a t e d w i t h l a r g e sh r u b s a n d t r e e s . D e s p i t e e x t e n s i v e s h o r e l i n e a l t e r a t i o n i n t he S o u t h P o i n t a r e a , s a n d l a n c e s p aw n b o t h s o u t h o f S o u t h P o i n t a n d n o r t h a l o n g t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e s p i t . S u r f s m e l t sp a w n o n t h e s h o r e j u s t n o r t h o f t h e s p i t (P e n t t i l a , 2 0 0 0 ; L o n g e t a l . , 2 0 0 5 ) . S h e l l f i s h be d s a r e f o u n d a l o n g m o s t o f t h e s e r e a ch e s . E e l g r a s s i s c o n t i n u o u s f r o m H a z e l P o i n t t o So u t h P o i n t , a n d p a t c h y f r o m S o u t h P o i n t t o S q u a m i s h H a r b o r . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . T h e N a t u r e C o n s e r v a n c y h a s i d e n t i f i e d t h i s a r e a a s a p r i o r i t y c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e a . Pa g e 5 - 3 4 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re s t o r e t h e f o r m e r s a l t ma r s h s o u t h o f t h e S o u t h Po i n t S p i t b y r e m o v i n g f i l l an d d i k e s t o r e s t o r e t i d a l ac t i o n . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y f i l l / d i k e r e m o v a l an d m a r s h r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d r e s t o r e m a r s h Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e i n t e r t i d a l ha b i t a t . I m p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w wa t e r n e a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e t i d a l c i r c u l a t i o n a n d fl u s h i n g . R e s t o r e n a t u r a l s e d i m e n t tr a n s p o r t p r o c e s s e s . I n c r e a s e m a r i n e bi r d h a b i t a t . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s a t B r i d g e h a v e n wi t h b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n t o re s t o r e t h e b r o a d s a n d be a c h o n t h e o u t e r s i d e s o f si d e o f t h e S p i t a n d i m p r o v e ha b i t a t o n t h e b a c k b a y si d e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s an d b e a c h n o u r i s h m e n t o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L- M L L- M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n re s i d e n t i a l d o c k s o n t h e in s i d e o f t h e s p i t w i t h o p e n - gr a t i n g o r c o n s i d e r re d e v e l o p m e n t u s i n g s h a r e d do c k s t o m i n i m i z e o v e r w a t e r co v e r a g e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s L L L- M In c r e a s e l i g h t p e n e t r a t i o n t o i m p r o v e co n d i t i o n s f o r e e l g r a s s a n d o t h e r aq u a t i c p l a n t s . Ex p l o r e o p t i o n s f o r r e s t o r i n g se d i m e n t p r o c e s s e s t o t h e no r t h o f t h e s p i t t h a t a r e bl o c k e d d u e t o t h e j e t t y a t th e o p e n i n g . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s s e d i m e n t tr a n s p o r t i s s u e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Im p l e m e n t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H M- H Re s t o r e n a t u r a l s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t pr o c e s s e s . I n c r e a s e m a r i n e b i r d ha b i t a t . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-35 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Sq u a m i s h H a r b o r ( R e a c h W ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : W i t h i n S q u a m i s h H a r b o r d e v e l o p m e n t d e n s i t y i n c r e a s e s s i g n i f i c an t l y a n d r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n d e c re a s e s . S h o r e l i n e v e g e t a t i o n h a s been cleared to pr o v i d e v i e w s f o r w a t e r f r o n t h o m e s . R o a d d e n s i t y , s e p t i c s y s t em d e n s i t y , p a v e m e n t , a n d i m p e r m e a b l e c o v e r a r e h i g h w i t h i n t h e r i pa r i a n a r e a s o f S q u a m i s h H a r b o r . S h o r e l i n e ar m o r i n g a f f e c t s a b o u t 2 6 p e r c e n t o f t h e no r t h s h o r e . T w o b o a t r a m p s a n d a p a r k i n g l o t a t a J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y p a r k h a v e b e e n c o n st r u c t e d i n t o i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . T h e S h i n e Cr e e k e s t u a r y i s a n e x t e n s i v e s a l t m a r s h t o t a l i n g 8 5 a c r e s w i t h a b o u t 5 a c r e s o f i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . S h i n e C r e e k s u p p o r t s c h u m an d c o h o s a l m o n a n d c u t t h r o a t a n d s t e e l h e a d tr o u t s p a w n i n g . T h e w e t l a n d s a r e a l s o i m p o r t a n t r e a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r n a t a l a n d n o n - n a t a l j u v e n i l e p i n k , c h u m , c o h o , a n d C h i n o o k sa l m o n . M a y a n d P e t e r s o n ( 2 0 0 3 ) i d e n t i f y Sq u a m i s h H a r b o r a n d t h e S h i n e C r e e k e s t u a r y a s a C a t e g o r y A s a l m on i d r e f u g i a . T h e i n t e r t i d a l m a r s h , m u d f l a t , s a n d p i t a n d o t h e r f e a t u r e s o f t h e h a r b o r a n d e s t u a r y p r o v i d e ha b i t a t d i v e r s i t y t h a t i n c r e a s e s t h e i r e c o l o g i c a l v a l u e . A c o n s i d e r a b l e p o r t i o n o f t h e l o w e r S h i n e C r e e k e s t u a r y s a l t m a r s h h a s b e e n f i l l e d f o r r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t , p r o b a b l y be g i n n i n g i n t h e 1 9 6 0 s . T h e e s t u a r y i s p r o g r a d i n g f r o m h i g h s e d i me n t l o a d s d u e t o u p l a n d l a n d p r a c t i c e s ( l o g g i n g a n d m i n i n g ) a n d i n t e r r u p t e d d r i f t c e l l m o v e m e n t f r o m f i l l a n d sh o r e l i n e a r m o r i n g . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e r a t e d t h i s a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n p r i v a t e re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s a l o n g th e h a r b o r s h o r e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n s In s t a l l p l a n t s Mo n i t o r p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Im p r o v e q u a l i t y o f e s t u a r y h a b i t a t . Pr o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n t o e s t a b l i s h . E n h a n c e fo r a g i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r s h o r e b i r d s an d o t h e r s p e c i e s . Re s t o r e t h e f o r m e r s a l t ma r s h a t t h e S h i n e C r e e k es t u a r y b y r e m o v i n g f i l l as s o c i a t e d w i t h r e s i d e n t i a l de v e l o p m e n t . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y f i l l r e m o v a l a n d ma r s h r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l a n d r e s t o r e m a r s h Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t H H M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e e s t u a r y a n d sa l t m a r s h h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e a n d in c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r n e a r s h o r e ha b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g s a l m o n . R e s t o r e na t u r a l s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t p r o c e s s e s . In c r e a s e m a r i n e b i r d h a b i t a t . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s a t w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n t o r e s t o r e t h e in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t o n b o t h si d e s o f t h e h a r b o r . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s an d b e a c h n o u r i s h m e n t o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L- M L L- M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Pa g e 5 - 3 6 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Te r m i n a t i o n P o i n t a n d B y w a t e r B a y ( R e a c h Y ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : On t h e r e a c h n o r t h o f S q u a m i s h H a r b o r t h e r e i s l e s s t h a n 2 m i l e s o f b u l k h e a d . T h e f o o t in g o f t h e H o o d C a n a l B r i d g e i n t e r f e r e s w ith the longshore tr a n s p o r t o f s e d i m e n t . J u s t t o t h e n o r t h o f t h e H o o d C a n a l B r i d g e , a l o n g r i p r a p b u l k h e a d p r o t e c t s t h e r o a d a n d p a r k i n g l o t a t Sh i n e T i d e l a n d s S t a t e P a r k . F i l l a n d r i p r a p su r r o u n d i n g t h e m a r s h a n d l a g o o n a t S h i n e T i d e l a n d s S t a t e P a r k p r e v en t a n y r e g u l a r t i d a l c o n n e c t i o n . T h e w e s t s h o r e o f B y w a t e r Ba y i s l a r g e l y f r e e o f b u l k h e a d s , b u t t h e e a s t sh o r e h a s n u m e r o u s l o w b u l k h e a d s a n d s m a l l p i e r s a n d r a m p s a l o n g a c l u s t e r o f h o u s e s b u i l t v e r y c l o s e t o t h e s h o r e l i n e . A n a r r o w s t r i p o f h i g h l y p e r m e a b l e s o i l o c c u r s a l o n g th i s s h o r e l i n e . N o s h o r e l i n e a r m o r i n g e x i s t s o n t h e n o r t h o r e a st s i d e s o f H o o d H e a d . S h o r e l i n e v e g e t a t i o n i s d e n s e a n d m a n y o t he r h o u s e s o n H o o d H e a d a r e s e t b a c k f r o m th e s h o r e . T h e B y w a t e r B a y e s t u a r y p r o v i d e s h a b i t a t f o r c o h o , c h u m , a n d c h i n o o k s a l m o n a s w e l l a s c u t t h r o a t t r o u t a n d f o r a g e f i sh a n d h a s n o n o t a b l e d e g r a d e d f e a t u r e s o r fu n c t i o n i m p a i r m e n t s . P o i n t H a n n o n i s a f u l l y f u n c t i o n i n g c u s p a t e sp i t a n d s u r r o u n d s a s a l t w a t e r m a r s h . T h i s m a r s h i s e s s e n t i a l h a b i t a t f o r f o r a g e f i s h a s w e l l a s s o n g a n d sh o r e b i r d s . B e a c h e s i n t h e B y w a t e r B a y / H o o d H e a d a r e a s u p p o r t d o c u m e n t e d f o r a g e f i s h s p a w n i n g , a s w e l l a s o s p r e y a n d b a l d e a g l e n e s t i n g s i t e s . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re p l a c e t h e b u l k h e a d a t Sh i n e T i d e l a n d s S t a t e P a r k pa r k i n g l o t w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n t o r e s t o r e t h e in t e r t i d a l / n e a r s h o r e h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L L L- M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s o n t h e e a s t s h o r e of t h e B a y o n H o o d H e a d wi t h b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n t o re s t o r e t h e i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Su p p o r t o n g o i n g Sp a r t i n a re m o v a l a n d m o n i t o r i n g o f th e B a y . De v e l o p w e e d c o n t r o l p l a n , i f n e e d e d Im p l e m e n t p l a n Mo n i t o r a n d c o n t r o l w e e d r e - e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Im p r o v e q u a l i t y o f e s t u a r y h a b i t a t . Co n t r o l i n v a s i v e , n o n - n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n ( e . g . , Spartina sp.) and pr o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n t o e s t a b l i s h . E n h a n c e fo r a g i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r s h o r e b i r d s an d o t h e r s p e c i e s . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-37 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Wh i t e R o c k C o v e ( R e a c h A A ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : Tw e n t y p e r c e n t o f t h e W h i t e R o c k C o v e s h o r e l i n e i s a r m o r e d . Ar m o r i n g , r o a d d e n s i t y , a n d c l e a r e d v e g e t a t i o n i n c r e a s e s i g n i f i c a n t ly a l o n g t h e P a r a d i s e B a y s h o r e l i n e . N o r t h o f Pa r a d i s e B a y , a p r i v a t e a c c e s s r o a d w i t h a b u l k h e a d e x t e n d s i n t o t h e i n te r t i d a l z o n e i n t e r r up t i n g n e t s h o r e - d r i f t . J u s t n o r t h o f t h i s , a l a r g e r i p r a p b u l k h e a d w a s i n s t a l l e d t o pr o t e c t a s t a i r w a y / p a t i o / g a z e b o s t r u c t u r e a nd a h o u s e s i t u a t e d c l o s e t o t h e e d g e o f a s l u m p i n g b l u f f . T h e h i g h b l u f f a t t h e o r i gi n o f t h e d r i f t c e l l a t T a l a P o i n t i s a r m o r e d a t t h e to e , w h i c h i n t e r r u p t s t h e s e d i m e n t s o u r c e f o r d r i f t ce l l s t h a t t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l t o w a r d P o r t L u d l o w . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re p l a c e t h e b u l k h e a d s o n th e t o e o f t h e f e e d e r b l u f f Ta l a P o i n t w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n t o r e s t o r e na t u r a l d r i f t f u n c t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Ta l a P o i n t a n d P o r t L u d l o w ( R e a c h e s B B a n d C C ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : B e t w e e n T a l a P o i n t a n d P o r t L u d l o w , t h e m a r i n e s h o r e r e m a i n s l a r g el y u n a l t e r e d . N e t s h o r e - d r i f t c o n t i n u e s t o t h e w e s t t o f o r m an accretionary beach in f r o n t o f a s a l t m a r s h . S e v e r a l g r o i n s pl a c e d t o c a p t u r e s e d i m e n t an d a n o l d s h i p w r e c k i n t e r f e r e w i t h n e t s h o r e - d r i f t . T h e h i gh e r o d i n g f e e d e r b l u f f s o n T a l a P o i n t p r o v i d e mu c h o f t h e s e d i m e n t f o r t h e s o u t h s h o r e o f L u d l o w B a y . L u d l o w L a g o o n , a s m a l l s a l t m a r s h o n t h e s o u t h s h o r e o f P o r t L u d l o w B a y ( i . e . , o u t e r P o r t L u d l o w ) , h a s b e e n p a r t l y di k e d a n d f i l l e d s i n c e t h e 1 8 0 0 s . A l a r g e ar e a o f m i x e d - d e n s i t y r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t s u r r o u n d s i n n e r P o r t L u d l o w . R o a d d e n s it y i s r e l a t i v e l y h i g h a n d c o n c e n t r a t e d a l o n g th e w a t e r . T h e m a r i n e r i p a r i a n s h o r e l i n e w i t h i n P o r t L u d l o w i s d o m i n a t e d b y b u l k h e a d s a n d r e s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s t h a t w e r e c o n s tr u c t e d a l o n g t h e u p p e r i n t e r t i d a l b e a c h f r i n g e . Mo s t p r o p e r t i e s h a v e r e p l a c e d n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n w i t h g r a s s . L u d l o w C r e e k h a s a h i g h l y a l t e r e d p r o g r a d i n g e s t u a r y . F o r m e r t i d a l ch a n n e l s h a v e b e e n i m p a i r e d b y f i l l f o r r o a d s , cu l v e r t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h P a r a d i s e B a y R o a d , a n d f o r m e r i n d u s t r i a l u s e s . J u v e n i l e c u t t h r o a t a n d c o h o u s e t h e t i d a l c h a n n e l s c u t in t o t h e r o a d f i l l . A n u n n a m e d s t r e a m e n t e r i n g in n e r P o r t L u d l o w b e t w e e n L u d l o w C r e e k a n d t h e m a r i n a s u p p o r t s cu t t h r o a t t r o u t a n d p o s s i b l y c h u m s a l m o n , a l t h o u g h h a b i t a t i s l i m i t e d d u e t o a b l o c k i n g c u l v e r t a t O a k B a y Ro a d . A r a i l l a u n c h , p o s s i b l y f r o m t h e p o r t ’ s l o g g i n g a n d s h i p b u i l d i n g d a y s , i s m a p p e d w i t h i n t h e i n n e r h a r b o r . A l o n g t h e s h o r e li n e t o t h e n o r t h e a s t o f L u d l o w C r e e k i s a n o l d lo g s t o r a g e y a r d a n d l o a d i n g a r e a t h a t m a y n o lo n g e r b e i n u s e . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e m i l l i n t h e 1 8 0 0 s r e s u l t e d i n s u b s t a n t i a l f il l i n g o f s h a l l o w t i d e f l a t s w i t h i n t h e i n n e r h a r b o r , fo l l o w e d b y s u c c e s s i v e r e - d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n s t h a t i n c l u d e d t h e c u rr e n t r e s o r t a n d m a r i n a . N u m e r o u s p r i v a t e p i e r s , r a m p s , a n d d o ck s h a v e b e e n b u i l t a l ong the south bay sh o r e a n d l i k e l y s h a d e m a r i n e s u b s t r a t e . T he s e o v e r w a t e r s t r u c t u r e s d o n o t a p p e a r t o s i gn i f i c a n t l y i m p a c t t h e t r a n s p o r t o f s e d im e n t t o t h e a c c r e t i o n beach at the terminus of th e d r i f t c e l l o u t s i d e o f t h e i n n e r h a r b o r . G eo l o g i c s h o r e f o r m s h a v e l a r g e l y b e e n m a i n t a in e d , e x c e p t n e a r t h e o l d m i l l / c u r r e n t m a r i n a a n d r e s o r t . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e g r o i n s a n d d e r e l i c t sh i p w h i c h a r e i n t e r r u p t i n g dr i f t f u n c t i o n n o r t h o f T a l a Po i n t . Ob t a i n p r o p e r t y a c c e s s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s Re m o v e s t r u c t u r e s Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L- M L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Pa g e 5 - 3 8 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Ex p l o r e o p t i o n s f o r re p l a c i n g r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s , r e s t o r i n g we t l a n d s a n d i n t e r t i d a l ar e a s b y r e m o v i n g f i l l a n d re p l a n t i n g / e n h a n c i n g ri p a r i a n / n e a r s h o r e ve g e t a t i o n t h r o u g h o u t t h e Po r t L u d l o w r e s o r t a n d de v e l o p e d a r e a . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r r e s t o r a t i o n M- H M- H M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Re m o v e f i l l u n d e r P a r a d i s e Ba y R o a d a n d r e s t o r e st r e a m f l o w . Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r f i l l r e m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d De v e l o p p l a n t i n g p l a n s i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e se d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Im p r o v e n e a r s h o r e L W D s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . Ma t s M a t s B a y ( R e a c h D D a n d E E ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e m a r i n e s h o r e c o n s i s t s o f s a n d y g r a v e l b e a c h e s i n t e r s p e r s e d b e t w e e n b a s a l t o u t c r o p p i n g s n e a r M a t s M a t s B a y . P a t c h y e e l g r a s s beds occur be t w e e n P o r t L u d l o w a n d M a t s M a t s B a y . F o r a g e f i s h s p a w n i n g a l o n g R e a c h D D i s e x t e n s i v e , w i t h s a n d l a n c e s p a w n i n g s i t e s f r o m L u d l o w S p i t n o r t h t o t h e d e v e l o p e d a r e a so u t h o f M a t s M a t s b a y w h e r e s h o r e l i n e a r m o r i n g b e g i n s . M a t s M a ts B a y h a s b e e n s i g n i f i c a n t l y a l t e r e d b y a c e n t u r y o f q u a r r y w o r k a n d d e v e l o p m e n t . M u c h o f t h e s h o r e l i n e al o n g t h e s o u t h , e a s t , a n d n o r t h s h o r e l i n e s ha s b e e n a r m o r e d f o r l a w n s . T w e n t y - t w o d o c k s a n d o n e b o a t l a u n c h r a m p a r e d o c u m e n t e d w i t h i n M a t s M a t s B a y . I n 2 0 0 2 , G l a c i e r No r t h w e s t a p p l i e d f o r p e r m i t s t o e n l a r g e a n d d e e p e n t h e q u a r r y a t M a ts M a t s B a y o v e r a t e n - y e a r pe r i o d . C o n s i d e r i n g t h e e x t e n t of e x i s t i n g a l t e r a t i o n s a n d d e v e l o p m e n t pr e s s u r e s o n t h i s s m a l l w a t e r s h e d a n d b a y , c o m b i n e d w i t h n e a r - t e rm p l a n s f o r f u r t h e r d e v e l o p m e n t , r e s t o r a t i o n p o t e n t i a l m a y b e li m i t e d . T h e b a y i s l a r g e a n d s h a l l o w , w i t h nu t r i e n t a n d f e c a l c o l i f o r m i n p u t s f r o m t h e s u r r o u n d i n g h o m e s . F e c a l c o l i f o r m c o n t a m i n a t i o n i s a p r o b l e m i n M a t s M a t s B a y , w h i c h w a s c l a s s i f i e d a s a s e a s o n a l , c o n d i t i o n a l l y ap p r o v e d s h e l l f i s h h a r v e s t a r e a i n 2 0 0 5 . H i gh s u m m e r t e m p e r a t u r e s c o m b i n e d w i t h n u t r i e n t l o a d s c a u s e a l g a l b l o o m s i n s u m m e r a n d l i k e l y d e p r e s s d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n . I n au t u m n , d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n i n M a t s M a t s B a y is f u r t h e r d e p r e s s e d b e c a u s e o f u p w e l l i n g f r o m A d m i r a l t y I n l e t . A n a r r o w f r i n g i n g s a l t m a r s h a t t h e s o u t h e n d o f M a t s M a t s B a y ha s b e e n f i l l e d f o r t h e r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d a c c e s s t o a p i er . M o s t o f t h e b a y h a s a d e v e l op e d a n d c l e a r e d s h o r e l i n e , w it h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e area around the mouth of P i d d l i n g C r e e k , t h o u g h i t a p p e a r s s o m e f i l l i n g o f f o r m e r w e t l an d h a s o c c u r r e d a n d n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n h a s b e e n r e p l a c e d b y l a w ns a n d d r a i n a g e d i t c h e s . A l t h o u g h P i d d l i n g Cr e e k s u p p o r t s c h u m s a l m o n a n d c u t t h r o a t t r o u t , l a n d u s e p r a c t i c e s ( c l e a r c u t t i n g t h e u p p e r w a t e r s h e d ) a n d a n i m p a s s a b l e c u l v e r t a t O a k B a y R o a d h a v e e x t i r p a t e d a c o h o po p u l a t i o n . I m m e d i a t e l y s ou t h o f M a t s M a t s B a y , t w o l a r g e r o c k g r o i n s f o r m a s m a l l h a r b o r f o r q u a r r y b a r g e s . B e c a u s e t h e s u r r o u nd i n g s h o r e l i n e ( b e t w e e n B a s a l t P o i n t a n d Ol e l e P o i n t ) i s a n a r e a o f n o n e t s h o r t d r i f t , th e g r o i n s d o n o t i m p a i r s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-39 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n re s i d e n t i a l d o c k s o n M a t s Ma t s B a y w i t h o p e n - g r a t i n g or c o n s i d e r r e d e v e l o p m e n t us i n g s h a r e d d o c k s t o mi n i m i z e o v e r w a t e r co v e r a g e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s L L L- M In c r e a s e l i g h t p e n e t r a t i o n t o i m p r o v e co n d i t i o n s f o r e e l g r a s s a n d o t h e r aq u a t i c p l a n t s . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n w i t h i n t h e se d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t z o n e so u t h o f t h e B a y t o r e s t o r e na t u r a l d r i f t f u n c t i o n a n d in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n p r i v a t e re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s a l o n g th e n o r t h h a l f o f t h e r e a c h . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e s h a d i n g a n d s t a b i l i z e b a n k s wi t h v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Oa k B a y ( R e a c h e s F F , G G , H H a n d I I ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : Oa k B a y e x t e n d s f r o m O l e l e P o i n t , t h r o u g h t h e P o r t T o w n s e n d Po r t a g e C a n a l , a l o n g t h e s o u t h e n d o f I n d i a n a n d M a r r o w s t o n e i s l a n d s. The marine re a c h e s i m m e d i a t e l y n o r t h o f O l e l e P o i n t i n c l u d e a n u n d e v e l o p e d sa l t m a r s h o n p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y ; mo d e r a t e c l e a r i n g , a n d l i t t l e a rm o r i n g . F a r t h e r n o r t h o v e r 8 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e ma r i n e s h o r e l i n e h a s b e e n c l e a r e d a n d p l a t t e d f o r r e s i d e n t i a l d e v el o p m e n t . R i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e w e s t s h o r e o f O a k B a y ra n g e s f r o m 2 0 p e r c e n t t o 5 0 p e r c e n t , w i t h pa t c h e s o f t r e e s s e p a r a t e d b y a r e a s c l e a r e d f o r v i e w s . M o s t o f t h e s h o r e l i n e i s d e v e l o p e d a l o n g O a k B a y R o a d . R e s i d e n t i a l d o c k s a r e p r e v a l e n t . L o n g s h o r e d r i f t i s i m p a i r e d b y ra m p s , p i e r s , a n d b u l k h e a d s . S a l t w a t e r i n t r u s i o n f r o m g r o u n d w at e r w i t h d r a w a l s i s a p r o b l e m a l o n g O a k B a y a n d M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d. A s a l t m a r s h b e h i n d a d e p o s i t i o n a l s p i t ne a r O l e l e P o i n t h a s b e e n i n c r e m e n t a l l y f i l l e d f o r r e s i d e n t i a l d e v el o p m e n t a n d i s t r u n c a t e d b y a d r i v e w a y . I n t h e n o r t h w e s t c o r ne r o f O a k B a y , a b r o a d d e p o s i t i o n a l b e a c h a n d sp i t h a v e b e e n a r m o r e d t o p r o v i d e a c a m p g r o u n d a n d p a r k i n g l o t a ss o c i a t e d w i t h t h e O a k B a y C o u n t y P a r k . T h i s s p i t a n d t h e j e t t y o n t h e w e s t s i d e o f t h e P o r t a g e C a n a l k e e p th e s a l t m a r s h i s o l a t e d f r o m t h e b a y , a l t h ou g h i n r e c e n t y e a r s t h e s p i t h a s e r o d e d a n d r i p r a p i s f a i l i n g , a l l o w i n g f o r a r e g u l a r t i d a l c o n n e c t i o n . T h e m o u t h o f L i t t l e G o o s e C r e e k on c e e n t e r e d t h e e x t e n s i v e s a l t m a r s h , b u t t h e l o w e r r e a c h w a s b l o c k e d d u r i n g c o n s tr u c t i o n o f t h e C a n a l a n d t h e c r e e k w a s r e - r o ut e d t h r o u g h a p i p e t o a n e w d i s c h a r g e lo c a t i o n . O n t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e c a n a l , a J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y P a r k on I n d i a n I s l a n d h a s f i l l e d i n p a r t of t h e s a l t m a r s h t o p r o v i de p a r k i n g a n d p i c n i c t a b l e s . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Pa g e 5 - 4 0 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n re s i d e n t i a l d o c k s w i t h o p e n - gr a t i n g t o m i n i m i z e ov e r w a t e r c o v e r a g e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s L L L- M In c r e a s e l i g h t p e n e t r a t i o n t o i m p r o v e co n d i t i o n s f o r e e l g r a s s a n d o t h e r aq u a t i c p l a n t s . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n t o r e s t o r e na t u r a l d r i f t f u n c t i o n a n d in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n p r i v a t e re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s a l o n g th e n o r t h h a l f o f t h e r e a c h an d w e s t s i d e o f t h e B a y . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n s Pl a n t v e g e t a t i o n Mo n i t o r p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Im p r o v e s h a d i n g a n d s t a b i l i z e b a n k s wi t h v e g e t a t i o n . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Ex p l o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o re m o v e r a m p s a n d p i e r s al o n g t h i s r e a c h t h a t a r e in t e r r u p t i n g l o n g s h o r e se d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t i s s u e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I n c r e a s e L W D re c r u i t m e n t p o t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c in p u t s ( f o o d c h a i n s u p p o r t ) . Ex p l o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r re s t o r i n g i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t a t Oa k B a y C o u n t y P a r k b y re m o v i n g r i p r a p a n d / o r re c o n n e c t i n g t h e s a l t m a r s h to P o r t a g e C a n a l a n d / o r Li t t l e G o o s e C r e e k . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e re s t o r a t i o n a p p r o a c h Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r g r a d i n g , f i l l r e m o v a l an d b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r r e c o v e r y M M M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e i n t e r t i d a l a n d sh a l l o w w a t e r n e a r s h o r e h a b i t a t , in c l u d i n g p o t e n t i a l f o rage fish habitat (e . g . , s a n d l a n c e ) . I m p r o v e a n d in c r e a s e m a r s h h a b i t a t . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-41 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Ma r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d a n d K i l i s u t H a r b o r ( R e a c h e s K K t o S S ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : In R e a c h e s M M a n d N N , t h e p a r k i n g l o t a n d c a m p g r o u n d a t F o r t F l a g l er S t a t e P a r k w e r e c o n s t r u c t ed o n f i l l p l a c e d o n t o p o f a p p r o ximately 22 acres of hi s t o r i c s a l t m a r s h . A r i p r a p b u l k h e a d p r o t ec t i n g t h e m a r i n e r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n a n d M a r r o ws t o n e L i g h t i n t e r f e r e s w i t h s e d i m e n t t r an s p o r t a l o n g t h e n o r t h s i d e o f M a r r o w s t o n e Po i n t . T h e F o r t F l a g l e r b o a t r a m p i s b u i l t o n c r e o s o t e - t r e a t e d w o od p i l e s . T h e r a m p i n t e r f e r e s w i t h l o n g s h o r e d r i f t a n d i s s e l d om u s e d . T h e I n d i a n I s l a nd shoreline along Kilisut Ha r b o r h a s b e e n l a r g e l y u n a l t e r e d f o r t h e p a s t s e v e r a l d e c a d e s . M a ny o f t h e s h o r e l i n e a l t e r a t i o n s o n t h e M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a n d s h o re o f K i l i s u t H a r b o r a r e d u e t o a r m o r i n g a n d f i l l th a t a r e u n n e c e s s a r y f o r p r o p e r t y p r o t e c t i o n w i t h i n t h i s s h e l t e r e d h a r b o r . S e v e r a l d e g r a d e d s a l t m a r s h e s a r e o n p u b l i c l a n d s . E xt e n s i v e f i l l a n d a r m o r i n g a l o n g 3 2 p e r c e n t o f th e f e e d e r b l u f f s o f R e a c h P P i m p a i r n e a r s h or e s e d i m e n t d r i f t a n d m a y h a v e a l r e a d y d e g r ad e d t h e s a l t m a r s h a t t h e e n t r a n c e t o M ys t e r y B a y . L i t t l e r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n r e m a i n s al o n g e a s t R e a c h e s P P a n d Q Q a n d M y s t e r y B a y a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g v e g e t a t i o n h a s b e e n f r a g m e n t e d b y c l e a r i n g f o r l a w n s a n d v i e w s a lo n g m o s t r e s i d e n t i a l p a r c e l s . A t t h e so u t h e n d o f M y s t e r y B a y , a s m a l l s a l t m a r s h h a s b e e n f i l l e d a t t w o l o c a t i o n s b y c a u s e w a y s f o r p a r a l l e l , c o n n e c t i n g d r i v e w a y s . Ac c e s s r o a d s a l o n g t h e b a y r u n w i t h i n a f e w fe e t o f t h e i n t e r t i d a l z o n e o r a r e b u i l t o n f i l l w i t h i n t h e u p p e r i n t e r t i d a l r a n g e . W i t h i n M y s t e r y B a y , d e v e l o p m e n t a r o u n d N o r dl a n d h a s e l i m i n a t e d r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n o n t h e ea s t e r n s h o r e o f t h e b a y ; i n c o n t r a s t , a b o ut 6 5 p e r c e n t o f r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n r e m a i n s on t h e w e s t e r n s h o r e . A s m a l l s a l t m a r s h n e a r t h e N o r d l a n d s t o r e a n d m a i n r o a d h a s be e n c o m p l e t e l y f i l l e d . T h e M y s t e r y B a y s h e l l f i s h h a r v e s t a r e a i s l i s t e d a s a n a r e a o f c o n c e r n du e t o t h e n u m b e r o f b o a t s m o o r e d i n t h e b a y , a l t h o u g h a s e w a g e p u m p - o u t fa c i l i t y i s a v a i l a b l e y e a r - r o u n d a t t h e p i e r i n M y s t e r y B a y S t a t e P a r k . A t t h e s o u t h e n d o f K i li s u t H a r b o r , r i p a r i a n d e g r a d a t i o n a l o n g S c o w B a y ( R e a c h e s R R a n d S S ) i n c l u d e s nu m e r o u s s t r u c t u r e s , s u c h a s r e s i d e n t i a l b u l k h e a d i n g o n m o r e t h a n 16 p e r c e n t o f t h e d r i f t c e l l , a s m a l l h o u s e b u i l t o n s t i l t s o v e r t h e i n t e r t i d a l , 1 1 s t a i r c a s e s , t h r e e d o c k / p i e r st r u c t u r e s , a n d a r a i l l a u n c h . C o m m e r c i a l a q u a c u l t u r e i n S c o w B a y p o t e n t i a l l y a d d s t o t h e n u t r i e n t l o a d s i n K i l i s u t H a r b o r . A t t h e h e a d o f S c o w B a y , a l o n g t h e b o r d e r o f Re a c h e s S S a n d K K , t h e c a u s e w a y t h a t c o n n e c t s M a r r o w s t o n e I s l a nd t o I n d i a n I s l a n d i m p a i r s t i d a l f l o w a n d s a l m o n i d a c c e s s b e t w e e n t h e i s l a n d s . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e d e r e l i c t p i l i n g s a t th e b o a t r a m p a t t h e n o r t h en d o f t h e i s l a n d a t F o r t Fl a g l e r S t a t e P a r k a n d a t My s t e r y B a y S t a t e P a r k ( i f no t c o m p l e t e d i n 2 0 0 8 ) Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s s e d i m e n t tr a n s p o r t i s s u e s a n d i d e n t i f y o p t i o n s f o r p i l e / r a m p re m o v a l Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e p i l e s Mo n i t o r r e c o v e r y a n d s e d i m e n t p r o c e s s e s L L L Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y i n t h e b a y a n d St a t e P a r k . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e se d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t . Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n re s i d e n t i a l d o c k s o n t h e Ki l i s u t H a r b o r s i d e o f t h e Is l a n d w i t h o p e n - g r a t i n g t o mi n i m i z e o v e r w a t e r co v e r a g e . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s Tr a n s p l a n t e e l g r a s s , i f f e a s i b l e Mo n i t o r e e l g r a s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L- M Im p r o v e a n d e x p a n d e e l g r a s s h a b i t a t to i m p r o v e f o r a g i n g f o r s a l m o n . Pa g e 5 - 4 2 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n p r i v a t e re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s a l o n g th e e a s t s h o r e o f K i l i s u t Ha r b o r . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L St a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h v e g e t a t i o n . Im p r o v e . I n c r e a s e L W D r e c r u i t m e n t po t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d ch a i n s u p p o r t ) . Re p l a c e e x i s t i n g b u l k h e a d s wi t h b i o e n g i n e e r e d st a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y a n d b e a c h r e s t o r a t i o n L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r m i g r a t i n g sa l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e w o o d y d e b r i s s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e f o r a g e f i s h h a b i t a t . Re m o v e f i l l f o r t h e d r i v e w a y ne a r t h e m o u t h o f t h e s a l t ma r s h a t t h e s o u t h e n d o f My s t e r y B a y i f p r o p e r t y ac c e s s c o u l d b e p r o v i d e d vi a t h e a d j a c e n t l o o p dr i v e w a y . Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e ba n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n a p p r o a c h Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r g r a d i n g a n d ex c a v a t i o n De s i g n r o a d i m p r o v e m e n t s A c q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r r e c o v e r y H M M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e e s t u a r y / re a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r s a l m o n . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e L W D su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Re m o v e f i l l w i t h i n a s a l t ma r s h i n R e a c h P P t o in c r e a s e s a l t m a r s h h a b i t a t . Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e re s t o r a t i o n a p p r o a c h Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r g r a d i n g , f i l l r e m o v a l an d m a r s h r e c o v e r y Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r r e c o v e r y M M M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s a l t m a r s h a n d sh a l l o w w a t e r n e a r s h o r e h a b i t a t , in c l u d i n g p o t e n t i a l f o rage fish habitat (e . g . , s a n d l a n c e ) . I m p r o v e a n d in c r e a s e e s t u a r y / r e a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r sa l m o n . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-43 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re s t o r e t h e t i d a l c o n n e c t i o n th r o u g h t h e c a u s e w a y co n n e c t i n g M a r r o w s t o n e an d I n d i a n I s l a n d s t o r e s t o r e ti d a l e x c h a n g e b e t w e e n Ki l i s u t H a r b o r a n d O a k B a y , to i m p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y wi t h i n t h e h a r b o r ( e s p e c i a l l y ne a r t h e S c o w B a y aq u a c u l t u r e o p e r a t i o n s ) , an d r e s t o r e j u v e n i l e sa l m o n i d m i g r a t o r y h a b i t a t be t w e e n t h e i s l a n d s . Co n d u c t t e c h n i c a l s t u d i e s t o i d e n t i f y o p t i o n s f o r t i d a l re c o n n e c t i o n Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e d i k e s Mo n i t o r p r o j e c t M M M Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e t i d a l ci r c u l a t i o n a n d f l u s h i n g . R e s t o r e na t u r a l c h a n n e l m i g r a t i o n p r o c e s s e s . Im p r o v e w a t e r q u a l i t y w i t h i n t h e ha r b o r ( e s p e c i a l l y n e a r t h e S c o w B a y aq u a c u l t u r e o p e r a t i o n s ) , a n d r e s t o r e ju v e n i l e s a l m o n i d m i g r a t o r y h a b i t a t be t w e e n t h e i s l a n d s . Po r t H a d l o c k ( R e a c h Y Y a n d Z Z ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : B e t w e e n t h e P o r t a g e C a n a l a n d P o r t H a d l o ck , r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n i n t h e H a d l o c k B l u f f s a r e a i s l a r g e l y i n t a c t , b u t i t i s l a r g e ly absent from the Hadlock wa t e r f r o n t . A b o u t 1 7 p e r c e n t o f t h e s h o r e l in e i n R e a c h Y Y i s a r m o r e d . M o d i f i c a t i o n s a p p e a r c o n c e n t r a t e d a l o n g t h e l o w b a n k a r ea n e a r t h e o r i g i n o f a n i m p o r t a n t d r i f t c e l l f o r Po r t H a d l o c k . T h r e e w o o d e n b u l k h e a d s a l o n g t h e c o n t r i b u t i n g b l u ff a r e a o f t h i s d r i f t c e l l m a y l i mi t s e d i m e n t r e c r u i t m e n t i n t o th e n e a r s h o r e . A m a r i n a w i t h a b o u t 1 0 0 s m a l l sl i p s a t t h e I n n a t P o r t H a d l o c k d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o s i g n i f i c a n t l y a f f e c t n e t s h o r e - d r i f t , a l t h o ug h o v e r - w a t e r c o v e r a g e l i k e l y s u p p r e s s e s a q u a t i c v e g e t a t i on because of shading. Nu m e r o u s d o c k s , b u l k h e a d s , b o a t r a m p s , a n d o t he r s t r u c t u r e s a r e p r e s e n t a l o n g P o r t H a d l o c k . T h e s p i t s o u t h o f H a d l o c k h a s b e e n h a r d e n e d a n d a r m o r e d t o p r o v i d e a r o a d do w n t h e s p i t t o a h o u s e a n d d o c k ( J o h a n n e s s e n , 1 9 9 9 ; E c o l o g y , 20 0 1 ) . T h e r i p a r i a n c o r r i d o r s u r r o u n d i n g t h e l a r g e l a g o o n b e h i n d t h e s p i t i s i m p a i r e d b y S R 1 1 6 , L o w e r Ha d l o c k R o a d , a n d N W W a t e r S t r e e t . O v e r a l l , s h o r e l i n e a r m o r i n g i m pa i r s a b o u t 3 1 p e r c e n t o f t h e d r if t c e l l i n P o r t H a d l o c k ; h o w ev e r , n e t s h o r e - d r i f t i s n o t o b v i o u s l y i m p a i r e d , as t h e s p i t s o u t h o f t h e H a d l o c k w a t e r f r o n t c o n t i n u e s t o p r o g r a d e . T h e P o r t o f Po r t T o w n s e n d d r e d g e s s a n d t h a t a c c u m u l a t e s o n t he u p - d r i f t s i d e o f a p u b l i c b o a t r a m p a n d tr a n s f e r s i t t o t h e d o w n - d r i f t s i d e o f t h e ra m p s e v e r a l t i m e s a y e a r . Wa t e r q u a l i t y a l o n g t h e s h o r e f r o m P o r t H a d l o c k t o C h i m a cu m C r e e k i s d e g r a d e d b y h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f fe c a l c o l i f o r m . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re p l a c e e x i s t i n g b u l k h e a d s wi t h b i o e n g i n e e r e d st a b i l i z a t i o n . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e se d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Im p r o v e n e a r s h o r e L W D s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . Pa g e 5 - 4 4 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e d e c k i n g o n re s i d e n t i a l d o c k s w i t h o p e n gr a t i n g Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Re p l a c e / r e p a i r d o c k s Tr a n s p l a n t e e l g r a s s , i f f e a s i b l e Mo n i t o r e e l g r a s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t L M L- M Im p r o v e a n d e x p a n d e e l g r a s s h a b i t a t to i m p r o v e f o r a g i n g f o r s a l m o n . Ch i m a c u m E s t u a r y ( R e a c h A A A ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : R e a c h A A A , i n c l u d i n g I r o n d a l e a n d t h e C h i m a c u m C r e e k e s t u a r y , is e x t e n s i v e l y m o d i f i e d b y a r m o r i n g a n d f i l l a l o n g a t h i r d o f a mile of shoreline, mo s t l y a t t h e I r o n d a l e f o r m e r i r o n m i l l a n d l o g d u m p s i t e s . M a n y m a r i n e s t r u c t u r e s f r o m h i s t o r i c u s e a s a n i r o n s m e l t i n g b u s i n es s , i n c l u d i n g t a n k s a n d l o n g p i e r s , h a v e b e e n re m o v e d . O r i g i n a l l y , a n a r e a o f l o w b a n k a n d s a n d s p i t w a s p r ob a b l y a s a l t m a r s h / s p i t c o m p l e x th a t w a s f i l l e d a n d a r m o r e d f o r l o g s t o r a g e a n d t r a n s f e r . T h e s i t e w a s r e c e n t l y ac q u i r e d f o r a p a r k a n d t h e r o c k a r m o r i n g a n d f i l l w e r e r e m o v e d t o r e s t o r e s h a l l o w w a t e r h a b i t a t f o r j u v e n i l e s a l m o n i d s a n d b e a ch h a b i t a t f o r f o r a g e f i s h s p a w n i n g . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re s t o r e f o r m e r s a l t m a r s h ha b i t a t b y r e p l a c i n g f i l l pl a c e d i n t h e 1 8 0 0 s . g Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s / a c q u i r e p r o p e r t y Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e re s t o r a t i o n a p p r o a c h Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r g r a d i n g a n d ex c a v a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r E s t u a r y r e c o v e r y H M M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e m a r s h h a b i t a t . Im p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y an d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e LW D s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-45 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) St r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y ( R e a c h e s E E E - H H H ) 18 Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e n o r t h w e s t Q u i m p e r P e n i n s u l a d r a i n s i n t o t h e S t r a i t o f J u a n d e F u c a a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y . T h e s h o r e l i n e a l o n g t h e S t r a i t o f Juan de Fuca (Reach EE E ) i s s u b j e c t t o t h e g r e a t e s t w a v e a c t i o n i n e a s t e r n J e f f e r s o n Co u n t y a n d i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y ta l l , s t e e p , e r o d i n g b l u f f s . M os t o f t h e b l u f f s a r e v e g e t a t e d o n t h e s t e e p s l o p e s an d g o o d f o r e s t c o v e r i s c o m m o n f r o m M c C u r d y P o i n t t o C a p e G e o r g e , w i t h f e w e x c e p t i o n s . H o u s i n g d e n s i t y i n c r e a s e s w i t h p r o x i m i t y t o P o r t T o w n s e n d , a s d o e s r i p a r i a n cl e a r i n g . T h e w a t e r s h e d a l o n g t h e S t r a i t r e c e i v e s l i t t l e p r e c i p i t a t i o n a n d h a s f e w w e t l a n d s a n d n o s t r e a m s . T h e s o i l s a r e l a r g e l y t i l l a n d t h e r e i s l i m i t e d r a i n f a l l a n d g r o u n d w a t e r re c h a r g e . P o c k e t s o f r e s i d e n t i a l d e v e l o p m e n t a l o n g t h e s h o r e l i n e o f D i s c o v e r y B a y h a v e a l t e r e d t h e i n t e r t i d a l a n d u p p e r r i p a r i a n a r e a s w i t h s t r u c t u r e s ( i n c l u d i n g h o u s e s ) , se p t i c d r a i n a g e , ( u n t r e a t e d ) s e wa g e d r a i n a g e , s t o r m w a t e r r u n o ff , a r m o r i n g , a n d f i l l . S a l t w a t e r in t r u s i o n w a s n o t e d a t s e v e r a l we l l s a l o n g t h e e a s t s h o r e . R e s i d e n t i a l de v e l o p m e n t a t C a p e G e o r g e h a s r e s u l t e d i n e x t e n s i v e c l e a r i n g f o r vi e w s , p o s s i b l y c o n t r i b u t i n g t o b l u f f e r o s i o n . S e v e r a l p r i v a te s t o r m w a t e r d r a i n s d i s c h a r g e o n t h e b e a c h a n d on e l a r g e s t o r m d r a i n d i s c h a r g e s i n t o a r a v i n e w i t h a n i n t e r m i t t en t s t r e a m , w h i c h t h e n f l o w s i n t o t h e b a y . A j e t t y a t t h e e n t r a nc e t o t h e C a p e G e o r g e m a r i n a i n t e r r u p t s lo n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t o f s e d i m e n t . T h e m a r i n a , c o n s t r u c t e d wi t h i n a d r e d g e d s p i t o r s p i t / l a g o o n c o m p l e x , i s a r m o r e d w i t h r i p r a p . A l o n g t h e n o r t h w e s t s h o r e o f B e c k e t t Po i n t i s a n o t h e r a r e a o f a r m o r i n g w i t h s e a w a l l s a n d r i p r a p . L o n g s ho r e d r i f t i s i n t e r r u p t e d o n t h e n o r t h s i d e o f B e c k e t t P o i n t b y a b o a t r a m p , w h i c h h a s e r o d e d t h e d o w n d r i f t si d e , t o w a r d t h e t i p o f t h e s p i t . B o t h t h e n o r t h a n d s o u t h s i de s o f B e c k e t t P o i n t h a v e s e v e r a l s i z a b l e b u l k h e a d s , w h i c h m a y a d v er s e l y a f f e c t n e t l o n g s h o r e s e d i m e n t d r i f t . Sh o r e l i n e a r m o r i n g an d f i l l a l o n g t h e Ad e l m a B e a c h ( R e a c h e s H H H a n d I I I ) m a y a f f e c t s e d i m e n t r e c r u i tm e n t i n t o t h e n e a r s h o r e , a s w e l l a s i n t e r r u p t l o n g s h o r e t r a n s p o r t a n d in c r e a s e w a v e r e f l e c t i o n , c a u s i n g t h e b e a c h t o s t e e p e n a n d c o a r s e n . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re p l a n t / e n h a n c e r i p a r i a n ve g e t a t i o n o n p r i v a t e re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s n e a r Ca p e G e o r g e . Id e n t i f y p r o p e r t i e s s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t i n g Ac q u i r e e a s e m e n t s i f n e e d e d Pr e p a r e p l a n t i n g p l a n Pu r c h a s e p l a n t m a t e r i a l s a n d p r e p a r e s i t e In s t a l l p l a n t i n g s Mo n i t o r a n d m a i n t a i n p l a n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L St a b i l i z e b a n k s w i t h v e g e t a t i o n . Im p r o v e . I n c r e a s e L W D r e c r u i t m e n t po t e n t i a l a n d o r g a n i c i n p u t s ( f o o d ch a i n s u p p o r t ) . Re p l a c e r e s i d e n t i a l bu l k h e a d s a t B e c k e t t P o i n t , Ad e l m a B e a c h a n d Fa i r m o n t w i t h b i o - st a b i l i z a t i o n Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n In s t a l l b i o - s t a b i l i z a t i o n Mo n i t o r s h o r e l i n e s t a b i l i t y L L L Re s t o r e n a t u r a l d r i f t f u n c t i o n a n d in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e a n d in c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r n e a r s h o r e ha b i t a t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e L W D s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . 18 R e a c h e s C C C - E E E a r e u n d e r t h e C i t y o f P o r t T o w n s e n d ’ s j u r i s d i c t i o n . T h e C i t y h a s i t s o w n R e s t o r a t i o n P l a n . Pa g e 5 - 4 6 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re m o v e o r f i x t h e b o a t r a m p at B e c k e t t P o i n t w h i c h i s in t e r r u p t i n g s e d i m e n t tr a n s p o r t . Co n d u c t a n a l y s i s t o a s s e s s s e d i m e n t t r a n s p o r t is s u e s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e / f i x s t r u c t u r e Mo n i t o r r e c o v e r y M M L- M Im p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y an d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e LW D s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Sn o w - S a l m o n C r e e k E s t u ar y ( R e a c h I I I a n d J J J ) Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : B e t w e e n W o o d m a n a n d t h e d e l t a o f S a l m o n a n d S n o w C r e e k s , t h e ba c k s h o r e i s i s o l a t e d b y a 2 . 5 - m i l e l o n g b u l k h e a d e d r a i l r o a d g r a de. At Fairmont, ex t e n s i v e a r m o r i n g , i n c l u d i n g s t r u c t u r e s b u i l t o n a r m o r e d f i l l , e x t e n d s i n t o t h e i n t e r t i d al z o n e . T h e s a l t m a r s h a t F a i r m o n t i s i s o l a t e d b y t h e r a i l r o a d g r a d e . D u e t o a c u l v e r t fa i l u r e i n e a r l y 2 0 0 5 , t h e t i d a l c o n n e c t i o n m a y n o w b e c o m p r o m i s ed . M i l l p o n d s n o r t h w e s t o f t h e mo u t h o f S a l m o n C r e e k , w h i c h a r e l o c a t e d o n a h i s t o r i c b r o a d t i d e f l a t w i t h fr i n g i n g s a l t m a r s h h a v e b e e n t r u n c a t e d b y r o ad f i l l . A l s o n o r t h w e s t o f th e e s t u a r y , c o n d o m i n i u m s ha v e b e e n b u i l t o n a r m o r e d f il l t h a t e x t e n d s o v e r t h e i n t e r t i d a l , e l i m i n a t i n g sh a l l o w w a t e r h a b i t a t e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e m i g r a t o r y s u c c e s s o f j u v e ni l e s u m m e r c h u m . I n 2 0 0 7 , t h e Wa s h i n g t o n S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f He a l t h l i s t e d S t a t i o n 4 8 w i t h i n t h e s o u t h w e s t po r t i o n o f D i s c o v e r y B a y a s r e s t r i c t e d d u e t o i n c r e a s i n g b i o t o x i n o r f e c a l c o l i f o r m c o n t a m i n a t i o n . O t h e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e b a y a re l i s t e d a s h a v i n g a t h r e a t e n e d o r c o n c e r n e d st a t u s b a s e d o n w a t e r q u a l i t y m o n i t o r i n g . T w o s t u d i e s i d e n t i f i ed s p e c i f i c n o n - p o i n t s o u r c e s o f p o l l u t i o n i n t h e s u b - b a s i n . D i s co v e r y B a y i s a m o d e r a t e l y d e v e l o p e d s h o r e l i n e o f Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y t h a t i s p r o j e c t e d t o e x p e r ie n c e a s i g n i f i c a n t i n c r e a s e i n p o p u l a t i o n w i th i n a d e c a d e . I n c r e a s e s i n h o u s i n g a r e t y p i c a l l y a c c o m p a n i e d by increases in im p e r v i o u s s u r f a c e s , s e p t i c s y s t e m s , a n i m a l wa s t e , w a t e r w i t h d r a w a l , a n d l o s s o f v e g e t at i o n . A l t h o u g h t h e so u t h e n d o f t h e b a y i s c u r r e n t l y c o n s i d e r e d t o b e h i g h l y f u n c t i o n a l , in c r e a s e d s t r e s s i n t h e a l r e a d y s t r e s s e d S n o w / S al m o n w a t e r s h e d p u t s t h e e n t i r e b a y a t r i s k . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e r a t e d R e a c h I I I a s a pr i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Ex p l o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o re m o v e r a i l r o a d f i l l a n d r o a d fi l l i n b o t h e s t u a r i e s t o in c r e a s e i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t an d r e s t o r e e s t u a r i n e fu n c t i o n s o n t h e b r o a d t i d a l fl a t s . Id e n t i f y w i l l i n g p r o p e r t y o w n e r s / a c q u i r e p r o p e r t y Su r v e y s i t e t o e s t a b l i s h d e s i r e d g r a d e s Co n d u c t a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e re s t o r a t i o n a p p r o a c h Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s f o r g r a d i n g a n d ex c a v a t i o n Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s Re m o v e f i l l Mo n i t o r e s t u a r y r e c o v e r y H M M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e e s t u a r y / re a r i n g h a b i t a t f o r s a l m o n . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d tr a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e L W D su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-47 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Re c o m m e n d e d Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Expected Outcome/Benefit Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re p l a c e / e n l a r g e t h e c u l v e r t at t h e e s t u a r y n e a r Fa r i m o n t . Co n d u c t h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r m i n e a p p r o p r i a t e cu l v e r t s i z e Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y / r i g h t - o f - w a y i f n e e d e d Co m p l e t e e n g i n e e r i n g t o d e s i g n r e p l a c e m e n t c u l v e r t Ac q u i r e p e r m i t s In s t a l l n e w c u l v e r t Mo n i t o r c u l v e r t f u n c t i o n M L L In c r e a s e m i l e s o f s t r e a m h a b i t a t ac c e s s i b l e t o s a l m o n i d s . R e s t o r e t i d a l co n n e c t i o n a n d c i r c u l a t i o n . Co n t r a c t o r ’ s P o i n t ( R e a c h L L L ) 19 Su m m a r y o f C o n d i t i o n s : T h e s h o r e l i n e b e t w e e n K a l s e t P o i n t a n d C o n t r a c t o r ’ s P o i n t i s re l a t i v e l y u n d e v e l o p e d w i t h a b u n d a nt r i p a r i a n v e g e t a t i o n , a s i s t h e a r e a s o u t h o f K a l s e t . Po r t i o n s o f C o n t r a c t o r ’ s P o i n t h a v e b e e n a r mo r e d f o r a p e r i p h e r a l a c c e s s r o a d a n d v e h i cl e a c c e s s , e l i m i n a t i n g 2 a c r e s o f h i s t o r ic s a l t m a r s h . T h e m outh of Contractors Creek, di s c h a r g i n g u n d e r a p i e r o n t h e s o u t h s i d e o f t h e s p i t , h a s b e en h i g h l y a l t e r e d b y b e i n g m o v e d a n d p i p e d t h r o u g h a s e r i e s o f u n de r s i z e d c u l v e r t s . A 1 5 - a c r e s a l t m a r s h hi s t o r i c a l l y p r e s e n t o n t h e s p i t i n t h e e s tu a r y h a s d i s a p p e a r e d b e c a u s e s h o r e l i n e f i l l a n d a r m o r i n g t h a t c u t o f f i t s s e d i m e n t s up p l y . T h e s p i t i s a l s o c o v e r e d i n i n v a s i v e n o n - na t i v e v e g e t a t i o n . B e t w e e n G a r d i n e r a n d t h e J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y b o r d e r i s t h e U p p e r W e s t D i s c o v e r y B a y S h o r e w a t e r s h e d . T h e o n l y na m e d d r a i n a g e i s E a g l e C r e e k , w h i c h fl o w s i n t o C l a l l a m C o u n t y . T h e u p l a n d a r e a o f t h i s s h o r e s e c t i on h a s b e e n a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y l o g g e d a n d d e v e l o p e d w i t h h o m e s a n d f a r m s . A n a r r o w r i p a r i a n b u f f e r o f t r e e s re m a i n s a l o n g t h e s t e e p m a r i n e s h o r e . C o n t r a c t or s C r e e k i s a s o u r c e o f e r o d e d s e d i m e n t i n D i s c o v e r y B a y ; f u r t h e r m o r e , a g r i c u l t u ra l p r a c t i c e s , a q u a c u l t u r e o p e r a t i o n s , a n d fa i l i n g s e p t i c s y s t e m s a l s o c o n t r i b u t e n o n - p o i n t s o u r c e p o l l u t i o n t o s t r e a m s a n d D i s c o v e r y B a y . J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y P u b l i c H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t i s c u r r e n t l y w o r k i n g w i t h c i t i z e n s an d e l e c t e d o f f i c i a l s t o c r e a t e a c l e a n w a t e r d i s t r i c t , wh i c h w o u l d a d o p t a w a t e r q u a l i t y i m p r o v e m e n t p r o g r a m . Ra t i n g : Ba t t e l l e d i d n o t r a t e t h i s r e a c h a s a p r i o r i t y r e s t o r a t i o n a r e a . Re m o v e f i l l a n d b u l k h e a d s fr o m h i s t o r i c s a l t m a r s h ha b i t a t . Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y o r e a s e m e n t s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n s Re m o v e f i l l a n d r e s t o r e m a r s h Mo n i t o r r e s t o r a t i o n L- M L L- M Re s t o r e n a t u r a l d r i f t f u n c t i o n a n d in t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . I m p r o v e a n d in c r e a s e s h a l l o w w a t e r n e a r s h o r e ha b i t a t . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e s e d i m e n t su p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . I m p r o v e ne a r s h o r e L W D s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . 19 P r o t e c t i o n I s l a n d i s f e d e r a l o w n e r s h i p a n d m a n a g e d b y US F W S a n d S t a t e a s n e s t i n g s a n c t u a r y / w i l d l i f e r e f u g e . Pa g e 5 - 4 8 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 5-49 Re c o m m e n d e d Re s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s St e p s t o I m p l e m e n t i n g A c t i o n Lo g i s t i c a l a n d T e c h n i c a l Co n s i d e r a t i o n s Expected Outcome/Benefit Wa t e r s h e d Co s t Ti m e Di f f i c u l t y Ta b l e 5 - 4 . R e c o m m e n d e d N e a r s h o r e R e s t o r a t i o n A c t i o n s - W R I A 1 7 ( co n t i n u e d ) Re m o v e i n v a s i v e s p e c i e s on t h e s p i t . Pr e p a r e w e e d c o n t r o l p l a n Mo n i t o r a n d c o n t r o l p l a n t r e - e s t a b l i s h m e n t L L L Co n t r o l i n v a s i v e , n o n - n a t i v e ve g e t a t i o n a n d p r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s fo r n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n t o e s t a b l i s h . En h a n c e f o r a g i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r sh o r e b i r d s a n d o t h e r s p e c i e s . Re p l a c e / e n l a r g e o r r e s t o r e th e n a t u r a l c h a n n e l n e a r t h e mo u t h . Ac q u i r e p r o p e r t y o r e a s e m e n t s Co n d u c t s t u d i e s t o a s s e s s r e s t o r a t i o n o p t i o n s Pr e p a r e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d e s i g n p l a n s f o r c h a n n e l re s t o r a t i o n Co n s t r u c t p r o j e c t Mo n i t o r r e s t o r a t i o n M- H M- H M- H Im p r o v e a n d i n c r e a s e i n - s t r e a m a n d sh a l l o w w a t e r n e a r s h o r e h a b i t a t f o r mi g r a t i n g s a l m o n . I m p r o v e n e a r s h o r e se d i m e n t s u p p l y a n d t r a n s p o r t . Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 5.4 RESTORATION RECOMENDATIONS - WRIA 18 The Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams are scheduled to be removed beginning in 2009. Salmon and other habitat restoration activities will be implemented after dam removal. Specific information regarding restoration opportunities and recommendations was not available. Other freshwater restoration opportunities may be available. Nearshore habitat in this WRIA is outside Jefferson County. 5.5 RESTORATION RECOMENDATIONS - WRIA 20 AND WRIA 21 Impairments in WRIA 20 include channel erosion (both lateral bank failure and vertical incising, channel migration, construction, and excessive sedimentation caused by forest roads and SR 101 within and across the Hoh River channel. Other impairments include water quality degradation (especially high temperatures) and reduction of channel habitat (riffle-pool complex) caused by clearcutting in the surrounding watershed and timber removal from the adjacent riparian areas and within the river channel. High flows and erosive surface water runoff exacerbated by logging practices are reported as causes of significant water quality and shoreline degradation along the rivers and creeks within this WRIA. Stretches of the lower Hoh River are mined for gravel. Road density is evaluated as high within the four-mile stretch of Bogachiel River, within the Goodman Creek basin, within the Hoh River basin, and along Steamboat Creek. High road density often coincides with culverts that block stream flow, sediment and wood transport, and fish passage. At least 10 road crossings obstruct fish passage on Hoh River tributaries. At least eight culverts block fish passage on Goodman Creek. Several blocking culverts were also noted on Mosquito Creek. Because the Hoh River headwaters are protected within the ONP, hydrologic conditions of the upper watershed would be considered highly functional and contributing to downstream watershed health and stability. The absence of typical hydrologic impairments caused by agricultural and urban development, surface and groundwater withdrawals, dams and levees, and filling of wetlands, indicates low to moderate impairment (apart from logging impacts) with low levels of alteration. Other ecosystem qualities, including strong populations of wild anadromous fish, including tributaries outside the ONP with documented bull trout use, and other rare species such as spotted owl, marbled murrelet, Olympic mudminnow, and Roosevelt elk, indicate both high ecosystem value and high potential for restoration success. Restoration opportunities in this WRIA are linked to the dominant land use, which is forestry. Rural residential is a secondary, but significant, land use that also provides opportunities for restoration. Restoration opportunities within forest land center on alleviating the potentially harmful effects of roads constructed within riparian corridors. Restoration recommendations include road removal; improved road surfacing; removal of excess sediment from channels; decommissioning sidecast roads; replacing culverts that block fish passage, bedload transport, and channel migration; and revegetating riparian areas. Although replanting large coniferous trees would restore LWD recruitment Page 5-50 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan potential, the beneficial effects on channel complexity and water temperature would not be realized for decades, so several restoration proposals have advocated the placement of large downed trees along stream banks for near-term recruitment. In areas of commercial forestry, acquisition and protection of riparian corridors is recommended. Restoration opportunities in rural residential areas include road removal; improved road surfacing; removal of excess sediment from channels; replacing culverts that block fish passage, bedload transport, and channel migration; and revegetating riparian areas. The benefits of restoration could be enhanced by coordinating new actions with restoration actions that have already been completed, such as revegetating stream banks where fish passage has been restored. Impairments in WRIA 21 are similar to WRIA 20. Little is known about the conditions of the Kalaloch basin and the status of the salmon and trout populations that spawn in this river system, except that a population of chum salmon has been eliminated, presumably as a result of high sediment loads from logging in the mid-1900s. Despite moderately high road density, the watershed hydrology and riparian conditions are reported as fair to good. A series of channel constrictions due to road fill and blocking culverts along Highway 101 are noted as impairments, along with high temperatures and salvaging of LWD from stream channels. The Clearwater River basin is under intensive old-growth timber management by the WDNR, which manages over 80 percent of the drainage basin. As of 1980, the basin was 40 percent clearcut (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). The majority of large tributaries to the Clearwater are managed as commercial forest. The lower Clearwater is dominated by forestry, with a large component (41 percent) of rural residential and agriculture. Overall hydrologic conditions are considered poor. Extensive logging and associated road construction in the tributaries and upper watershed have caused numerous impacts typical to forestry lands, including elimination of LWD, surface erosion, debris flows and landslides, altered peak flows, increased channel erosion, channel confinement caused by road construction, blocking culverts, high sedimentation rates, and loss of off-channel habitat. The WDNR is currently working to decommission side-cast roads in the upper tributaries to reduce habitat degradation from logging road failures; some roads have already been removed in the Miller and Christmas Creek drainages. Because the upper watersheds of all the tributaries of the Clearwater River are at relatively low elevations (desirable for timber production) and lack protection from park or wilderness land designations, the entire Clearwater subbasin has low ecosystem-wide restoration potential. However, there are numerous opportunities for small-scale restoration efforts that could address blocking culverts, sidecast roads, landslides and associated erosion, and channel constrictions. In addition, improved riparian management practices that eliminate logging and road-building activities from the riparian corridor may help balance the aggressive clearing practices in the watershed. The Salmon River subbasin is generally considered to have intact, well-functioning ecosystem features and processes, although a few problems have been noted. Fluvial sediment deposition from erosion related to logging practices and road construction was identified as a significant impairment. High sediment loads may be the cause of the October 2008 Page 5-51 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan depressed chinook salmon population in the Salmon River. Few other degraded processes were identified, and the most common impairments (roads constricting stream channels and floodplain area, blocking culverts) were not present. Other than sediment loads within gravel reaches, the only other problem was the absence of large conifers in riparian corridors, although large hardwood species were present. In contrast to the Salmon River, the adjacent Matheny River subbasin exhibits significant impairment from the effects of logging and road construction. The headwaters lie within the ONF, which do not appear to provide protection from intensive logging and road construction. There is an extensive road network across the upper subbasin, along virtually every tributary. The negative effects are apparent in overall poor hydrologic function, degraded riparian habitat, and altered (or lost) stream channel form and function in the lower subbasin. The Quinault River headwaters are protected within the ONP. The steep topography and shallow soils of the upper watershed generate both a quick hydrologic response and a high susceptibility to mass wasting events (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). Lake Quinault controls both the hydrologic response and sediment loads for the downstream reaches, damping negative impacts on the lower reaches. It also limits LWD transport downstream. The vast majority of the river’s watershed within this reach is protected either in ONP or in National Forest riparian reserve and wilderness (ESA Adolfson et al., 2008). Page 5-52 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan 6.0 EXISTING RESTORTION PROGRAMS AND PARTNERS Numerous agencies and organizations are planning and implementing restoration efforts in Jefferson County (see Appendix D for a summary description of some of the organizations/programs). Most restoration efforts are implemented because citizens, tribes, NGOs and local, state and federal resource agencies collaborate to solve problems and achieve shared goals. Continued collaboration at all levels is needed if the goals of this plan are to be achieved. The Puget Sound Partnership (Partnership) is likely to play a major role in future restoration efforts in Jefferson County. This new state agency proposed by Governor Christine Gregoire and formed by the Washington State Legislature in 2007, is unique in state government in that it is a community effort of citizens, governments, tribes, scientists and businesses working together to restore and protect Puget Sound (see Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5372 and 90.71 RCW). One of the most important responsibilities given to the Partnership by the Governor and the Legislature is to create an Action Agenda that will be a living, adaptable roadmap to health for Puget Sound. The Action Agenda will prioritize cleanup, restoration and protection efforts, coordinate federal, state, local, tribal and private resources, and ensure a cooperative working environment through the year 2020. The Partnership, through the 2020 Action Agenda, will base decisions on science, focus on actions that have the biggest impact, and hold people, governments and organizations accountable for results. As enacted by the Legislature, the goals of the 2020 Action Agenda are: • A healthy human population supported by a healthy Puget Sound that is not threatened by changes in the ecosystem; • A quality of human life that is sustained by a functioning Puget Sound ecosystem; • Healthy and sustaining populations of native species in Puget Sound, including a robust food web; • A healthy Puget Sound where freshwater, estuary, near shore, marine, and upland habitats are protected, restored, and sustained; • An ecosystem that is supported by ground water levels as well as river and stream flow levels sufficient to sustain people, fish, and wildlife, and the natural functions of the environment; • Fresh and marine waters and sediments of a sufficient quality so that the waters in the region are safe for drinking, swimming, shellfish harvest and consumption, and other human uses and enjoyment, and are not harmful to the native marine mammals, fish, birds, and shellfish of the region. October 2008 Page 6-1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 6-2 October 2008 Given that this plan embraces these same goals and seeks to achieve them, it is anticipated that the Partnership, through the Action Agenda, will help to implement this restoration plan and the SMP as a whole. Other organizations that are likely to play a major role in carrying out the restoration efforts include the described in this plan are identified in Table 6-1. These are some of the key organizations with a primary focus on ecological restoration who are actively involved in restoration and stewardship of the County’s marine and freshwater resources. The list, which is not exhaustive, describes the key partners, their mission or area of focus, the role they can likely play in future restoration activities, and some of their past projects. Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Ta b l e 6 - 1 . P o t e n t i a l R e s t o r a t i o n P a r t n e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t h e i r R o l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n Pa r t n e r Or g a n i z a t i o n / Pr o g r a m Mi s s i o n a n d S c o p e Ro l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n Ef f o r t s Ex a m p l e s o f P a s t a n d O n g o i n g P r o j e c t s Je f f e r s o n Co u n t y M a r i n e Re s o u r c e s Co m m i t t e e (M R C ) Th e M R C w a s e s t a b l i s h e d : “ To a c h i e v e t h e pr o t e c t i o n a n d r e s t o r a t i o n of t h e m a r i n e r e s o u r c e s o f Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y a n d t o d o s o i n f u r t h e r a n c e o f t h e be n c h m a r k s f o r p e r f o r m a n c e a s i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e Au g u s t 2 0 , 1 9 9 8 , r e p o r t t o t h e c o n v e n e r s b y t h e Mu r r a y - M e t c a l f N o r t h w e s t S t r a i t s C i t i z e n s A d v i s o r y Co m m i s s i o n . ” Th e i r m i s s i o n i s a s f o l l o w s : • Pr o t e c t i o n a n d r e s t o r a t i o n o f i m p o r t a n t m a r i n e re s o u r c e s a n d h a b i t a t s . • Ad d r e s s l o c a l m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i s s u e s th r o u g h o u r p r o g r a m s a n d a c t i o n s , a n d t o • Bu i l d l o c a l a w a r e n e s s o f t h e i s s u e s t h r o u g h ed u c a t i o n , o u t r e a c h a n d c i t i z e n i n v o l v e m e n t • Re c o m m e n d a c t i o n s t o t h e B o a r d o f C o u n t y Co m m i s s i o n e r s t o r e m e d y i s s u e s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h ou r a d v i s o r y r o l e . Th e M R C ’ s S t r a t e g i c P l a n c a l l s f o r a d o p t i o n o f t h i s re s t o r a t i o n p l a n w h i c h w i l l b e c o m e t h e A c t i o n P l a n fo r f u t u r e M R C r e s t o r a t i o n e f f o r t s . Th e M R C i s o n e o f t h e m o s t im p o r t a n t p a r t n e r s a n d c a n p l a y a ma j o r r o l e i n t h e f o l l o w i n g t y p e s o f re s t o r a t i o n e f f o r t s : • Im p l e m e n t i n g v a r i e t y o f t h e pr o g r a m m a t i c a c t i o n s r e l a t e d t o ne a r s h o r e a r e a s ( s e e C h a p t e r 5) . • Pr o v i d i n g t e c h n i c a l s u p p o r t a n d co o r d i n a t i n g v o l u n t e e r r e s o u r c e s fo r s p e c i f i c n e a r s h o r e r e s t o r a t i o n an d e n h a n c e m e n t p r o j e c t s t h a t im p r o v e i n t e r t i d a l h a b i t a t . • De r e l i c t f i s h i n g g e a r r e m o v a l . • Fo r a g e f i s h s p a w n i n g h a b i t a t su r v e y s . • Ol y m p i a o y s t e r s e e d i n g . • Ee l g r a s s h a b i t a t p r o t e c t i o n • Dr i f t c e l l r e s t o r a t i o n • In v a s i v e s p e c i e s • Ma r i n e b i r d s • Id e n t i f i e d a n d m a p p e d 1 0 . 5 m i l e s o f pr e v i o u s l y u n r e p o r t e d a n d u n m a p p e d f o r a g e fi s h s p a w n i n g b e a c h e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 1 a n d 20 0 4 . T h e m a p s a r e u s e d i n s h o r e l i n e pe r m i t t i n g . • Se e d e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 400,000 native Ol y m p i a o y s t e r s a t s e v e n s i t e s i n D i s c o v e r y Ba y s i n c e 2 0 0 3 . B i - a n n u a l m o n i t o r i n g co n t i n u e s a s o f 2 0 0 7 . • Im p l e m e n t e d a v o l u n t a r y a n c h o r f r e e ee l g r a s s p r o t e c t i o n z o n e n e a r P o r t T o w n s e n d to r e d u c e e e l g r a s s i m p a c t s . • Co n d u c t e d g a m e t o g e n e s i s s t u d i e s o n Ol y m p i a O y s t e r 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 9 . • Ma p p e d e e l g r a s s b e d s i n L o w e r H a d l o c k & My s t e r y B a y . • Co n d u c t e d s o f t s h o r e p r o t e c t i o n s i t e as s e s s m e n t s t u d i e s i n 3 l o c a t i o n s 2 0 0 7 . Je f f e r s o n Co u n t y Co n s e r v a t i o n Di s t r i c t ( C D ) A n o n - r e g u l a t o r y g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c y t h a t p e r f o r m s an d s u p p o r t s a w i d e r a n g e o f c o n s e r v a t i o n - r e l a t e d ac t i v i t i e s i n v o l v i n g f a r m i n g , g r a z i n g , t i m b e r s u p p l y , pa r k s , o u t d o o r r e c r e a t i o n , p o t a b l e w a t e r s u p p l i e s , wa t e r s h e d s t a b i l i z a t i o n , er o s i o n c o n t r o l , f l o o d pr e v e n t i o n , s c e n i c p r e s e r v a t i o n , p r o t e c t i o n o f f i s h an d w i l d l i f e , s a l m o n r e c o v e r y a n d p r e s e r v a t i o n o f wi l d e r n e s s a r e a s a n d w i l d r i v e r s . T h e C D m a n a g e s th e C o n s e r v a t i o n R e s e r v e E n h a n c e m e n t P r o g r a m (C R E P ) a n d a l o n g w i t h l o c a l , st a t e , f e d e r a l a n d t r i b a l pa r t n e r s a r e a c t i v e l y i n v o l v ed i n h a b i t a t r e s t o r a t i o n th r o u g h o u t t h e C o u n t y . • Us i n g t h e C R E P t o i m p l e m e n t ri p a r i a n p l a n t i n g / e n h a n c e m e n t on C h i m a c u m , S n o w a n d Sa l m o n C r e e k s a n d o t h e r a r e a s . • Li v e s t o c k f e n c i n g t o p r o t e c t ri p a r i a n a r e a s . • Ac q u i r i n g h i g h q u a l i t y h a b i t a t s f o r co n s e r v a t i o n p u r p o s e s . • Wo r k i n g w i t h f a r m e r s a n d re s i d e n t i a l p r o p e r t y o w n e r s t o im p l e m e n t B M P s f o r w a t e r qu a l i t y a n d h a b i t a t p r o t e c t i o n . • Su n f i e l d F a r m l a n d p r e s e r v a t i o n . • Li v e s t o c k c o n t r o l t o s t r e a m s i n t h e L i t t l e Qu i l c e n e , D a b o b - T h o r n d y k e , S a l m o n - S n o w , an d C h i m a c u m s u b - b a s i n s . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 6-3 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Mi s s i o n a n d S c o p e Ex a m p l e s o f P a s t a n d O n g o i n g P r o j e c t s Pa r t n e r Ro l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n Or g a n i z a t i o n / Ef f o r t s Pr o g r a m Ta b l e 6 - 1 . P o t e n t i a l R e s t o r a t i o n P a r t n e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t h e i r R o l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n ( c o n t i n u e d ) WS U J e f f e r s o n Co u n t y Co o p e r a t i v e Ex t e n s i o n En l i s t s l o c a l v o l u n t e e r s i n e d u c a t i o n , r e s e a r c h , a n d st e w a r d s h i p a c t i v i t i e s s u c h a s t h e W a t e r / B e a c h Wa t c h e r s p r o g r a m . • Re m o v i n g d e r e l i c t p i l i n g s . • Re p l a n t i n g a n d e n h a n c i n g ri p a r i a n / n e a r s h o r e a r e a s . • Ed u c a t i n g l a n d o w n e r s a n d re s i d e n t s a b o u t s h o r e l i n e co n s e r v a t i o n . • Re m o v i n g f i l l a n d o b s t r u c t i o n s t o in c r e a s e s a l m o n h a b i t a t av a i l a b i l i t y . • Pr o v i d i n g v o l u n t e e r re s o u r c e s / s u p p o r t f o r r e s t o r a t i o n an d m o n i t o r i n g e f f o r t s . • Su r v e y s t o i d e n t i f y a n d r e m o v e c r e o s o t e - so a k e d p i l i n g s f r o m c o u n t y b e a c h e s . • Ri p a r i a n t r e e p l a n t i n g a l o n g C h i m a c u m Cr e e k . Je f f e r s o n L a n d Tr u s t A p r i v a t e , n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n f o c u s e d o n t h e pr e s e r v a t i o n o f o p e n s p a c e , w o r k i n g l a n d s a n d ha b i t a t i n e a s t J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y . T h e L a n d T r u s t al s o w o r k s w i t h Ch u m s o r t i u m o n h a b i t a t r e s t o r a t i o n ef f o r t s . • Ac q u i r i n g p r o p e r t i e s a s a pr e c u r s o r t o r e s t o r a t i o n . • Pr o v i d i n g t e c h n i c a l r e s o u r c e s f o r pr o j e c t s i n v o l v i n g p u b l i c a c c e s s , in t e r p r e t a t i o n an d t r a i l s . • Pr o p e r t y a c q u i s i t i o n i n S n o w a n d S a l m o n Cr e e k e s t u a r i e s , a n d i n t h e C h i m a c u m C r e e k , Ta r b o o C r e e k , a n d D o s e w a l l i p s R i v e r wa t e r s h e d s . • Re m e a n d e r o f S a l m o n C r e e k i n c o n j u n c t i o n wi t h Ch u m s o r t i u m . Ho o d C a n a l Co o r d i n a t i n g Co u n c i l Th e H C C C i s a c o u n c i l o f g o v e r n m e n t s c o n s i s t i n g o f Je f f e r s o n , K i t s a p a n d M a s o n c o u n t i e s , P o r t G a m b l e S' K l a l l a m a n d S k o k o m i s h t r i b e s , a n d w i t h t h e su p p o r t o f f e d e r a l a n d s t a t e a g e n c i e s . I t s m i s s i o n i s to c o o r d i n a t e a c t i o n s t h a t p r o t e c t a n d r e s t o r e t h e en v i r o n m e n t a n d n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s o f t h e H o o d Ca n a l b a s i n . I t a l s o p r o v i d e s e d u c a t i o n a l s e r v i c e s t o lo c a l c o m m u n i t i e s . • Co o r d i n a t i n g r e s t o r a t i o n e f f o r t s am o n g d i v e r s e e n t i t i e s r e l a t e d t o re c o v e r y o f H o o d C a n a l sa l m o n i d s t o c k s . • Su m m e r C h u m S a l m o n R e c o v e r y P l a n . • Le a d e n t i t y ( s a l m o n ) a n d 3 - y e a r w o r k pr o g r a m s Ho o d C a n a l Sa l m o n En h a n c e m e n t Gr o u p On e o f 1 4 R e g i o n a l F i s h e r ie s E n h a n c e m e n t G r o u p s (R F E G s ) ( s i m i l a r t o N O S C , a b o v e ) i m p l e m e n t i n g sa l m o n r e s t o r a t i o n p r o j e c t s t h r o u g h o u t H o o d C a n a l . • Re m o v i n g c u l v e r t s . • Re p l a n t i n g a n d e n h a n c i n g ri p a r i a n / n e a r s h o r e a r e a s . • Re m o v i n g f i l l a n d o b s t r u c t i o n s t o in c r e a s e s a l m o n h a b i t a t av a i l a b i l i t y . • Ba n k s t a b i l i z a t i o n o n t h e B i g Q u i l c e n e R i v e r . • Re m o v a l o f a d i k e o n t h e l o w e r B i g Q u i l c e n e Ri v e r , w h i c h o p e n e d u p h a b i t a t f o r s a l m o n i d s in t h e e s t u a r y . • Cu l v e r t r e m o v a l i n S h i n e e s t u a r y , w h i c h op e n e d t h e 3 0 0 - a c r e S h i n e C r e e k w a t e r s h e d an d 7 7 - a c r e e s t u a r y f o r f i s h a c c e s s . Pa g e 6 - 4 October 2008 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Restoration Plan Mi s s i o n a n d S c o p e Ex a m p l e s o f P a s t a n d O n g o i n g P r o j e c t s Pa r t n e r Ro l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n Or g a n i z a t i o n / Ef f o r t s Pr o g r a m Ta b l e 6 - 1 . P o t e n t i a l R e s t o r a t i o n P a r t n e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t h e i r R o l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n ( c o n t i n u e d ) Ja m e s t o w n S’ K l a l l a m Tr i b e * Th e T r i b e ’ s H a b i t a t P r o g r a m p r o t e c t s h e a l t h y a n d fu n c t i o n a l n e a r s h o r e , e s tu a r i n e , a n d r i v e r h a b i t a t , re s t o r e s d e g r a d e d a r e a s , a n d d o e s r e s e a r c h t o un d e r s t a n d t h e o r g a n i s m s a n d t h e l a n d / w a t e r t h e y oc c u p y . • St r e a m a n d e s t u a r i n e r e s t o r a t i o n in v o l v i n g L W D , f i l l r e m o v a l , in v a s i v e s p e c i e s c o n t r o l , a n d ot h e r a c t i o n s r e l a t e d t o t r i b a l f i s h an d s h e l l f i s h r e s o u r c e s . • Ji m m y c o m e l a t e l y C r e e k a n d e s t u a r y re s t o r a t i o n ( C l a l l a m C o u n t y ) • Sn o w - S a l m o n e s t u a r y p r o j e c t • Ch u m s o r t i u m • WR I A 1 7 p l a n n i n g p r o c e s s Po r t G a m b l e S’ K l a l l a m Tr i b e * Th e T r i b e i s a n a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a n t i n t h e H o o d C a n a l Co o r d i n a t i n g C o u n c i l , a n d s e r v e s a s a r e s t o r a t i o n pa r t n e r w o r k i n g o n a v a r i e t y o f p r o j e c t s a r o u n d H o o d Ca n a l . T h e s e i n c l u d e t h e m u l t i - s t a k e h o l d e r H o o d Ca n a l S a l m o n S a n c t u a r y a n d t h e W R I A 1 7 wa t e r s h e d p l a n n i n g u n i t . • St r e a m a n d e s t u a r i n e r e s t o r a t i o n in v o l v i n g L W D , f i l l r e m o v a l , in v a s i v e s p e c i e s c o n t r o l , a n d ot h e r a c t i o n s r e l a t e d t o t r i b a l f i s h an d s h e l l f i s h r e s o u r c e s . • Se c u r i n g c o n s e r v a t i o n ea s e m e n t s f o r s e n s i t i v e r i p a r i a n , ri v e r i n e a n d e s t u a r i n e r e s t o r a t i o n ef f o r t s i n t h e D o s e w a l l i p s a n d Bi g / L i t t l e Q u i l c e n e w a t e r s h e d s . • Di g i t a l m a p p i n g a n d a s s e s s m e n t o f s a l m o n ha b i t a t i n D o s e w a l l i p s R i v e r . Sk o k o m i s h Tr i b e Th e S k o k o m i s h T r i b e N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s De p a r t m e n t s t r i v e s t o p r ot e c t t h e S k o k o m i s h t r e a t y ri g h t s t h r o u g h e f f e c t i v e m a n a g e m e n t t h a t w i l l pr e s e r v e a n d e n h a n c e t h e n a t u r a l a n d c u l t u r a l re s o u r c e s o f t h e T r i b e a n d p e r p e t u a t e t h e t r i b a l fi s h e r i e s r e s o u r c e s f o r t h i s a n d f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s . • Va r i o u s f i s h e r i e s a n d s h e l l f i s h en h a n c e m e n t p r o j e c t s • Va r i o u s r e s t o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s . Po i n t N o P o i n t Tr e a t y C o u n c i l Th e C o u n c i l i s a n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e m a n a g e m e n t or g a n i z a t i o n t o f u l f i l l t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s p l a c e d u p o n th e J a m e s t o w n S ’ K l a l l a m a n d P o r t G a m b l e S ’ K l a l l a m Tr i b e s b y t h e B o l d t D e c i s i o n . T h e C o u n c i l c o n f i r m s th e r e s e r v e d r i g h t s e s t a b l i s he d i n t h e 1 8 5 5 T r e a t y o f Po i n t N o P o i n t . I t i m p l e m en t s g o a l s s e t b y m e m b e r tr i b e s f o r r e s o u r c e c on s e r v a t i o n , f i s h e r i e s ma n a g e m e n t a n d t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f t r e a t y f i s h i n g ri g h t s . • Ga t h e r i n g h a b i t a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n se l e c t e d w a t e r s h e d s , w i t h re s e a r c h a n d m o n i t o r i n g p r o j e c t s ta r g e t e d a t s p e c i f i c w a t e r s h e d s . • Ho o d C a n a l h i s t o r i c a l a n d c o n t e m p o r a r y ne a r s h o r e h a b i t a t c o m p a r i s o n r e p o r t . Oc t o b e r 2 0 0 8 Page 6-5 Je f f e r s o n C o u n t y S M P U p d a t e Re s t o r a t i o n P l a n Pa g e 6 - 6 October 2008 Pa r t n e r Or g a n i z a t i o n / Pr o g r a m Mi s s i o n a n d S c o p e Ro l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n Ef f o r t s Ex a m p l e s o f P a s t a n d O n g o i n g P r o j e c t s Ta b l e 6 - 1 . P o t e n t i a l R e s t o r a t i o n P a r t n e r O r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t h e i r R o l e i n F u t u r e R e s t o r a t i o n ( c o n t i n u e d ) Wa s h i n g t o n St a t e F i s h a n d Wi l d l i f e De p a r t m e n t Ma n a g e m e n t a n d r e g u l a t o r y o v e r s i g h t o f s t a t e wa t e r ’ s a n d o t h e r h a b i t a t s . W D F W s p o n s o r s s e v e r a l ke y r e s t o r a t i o n r e l a t e d a c t i v i t i e s i n c l u d i n g t h e Su m m e r C h u m S a l m o n C o n s e r v a t i o n I n i t i a t i v e a n d th e B a r r i e r C u l v e r t I n v e n t o r y a n d P r i o r i t i z a t i o n . T h e y al s o m a n a g e t h e S S H I A P ( c o - m a n a g e d w i t h t h e N W In d i a n F i s h e r i e s C o m m i s s i o n ) , w h i c h p r o v i d e s in f o r m a t i o n o n h a b i t a t c o n d i t i o n s a n d p r e s c r i p t i o n s fo r i m p r o v i n g f i s h h a b i t a t . • Al l a s p e c t s o f p r o j e c t d e s i g n , im p l e m e n t a t i o n , p e r m i t t i n g , fu n d i n g , a n d o v e r s i g h t o n WD F W - m a n a g e d a n d p r i v a t e la n d s . • Fi s h p a s s a g e b a r r i e r i n v e n t o r y a n d co r r e c t i o n . • Pu r c h a s e d o l d l o g d u m p a r e a s o u t h o f t h e mo u t h o f C h i m a c u m C r e e k a n d r e m o v e d t h e fi l l f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 a c r e s t o r e s t o r e t h e be a c h a n d s h o r e l i n e . No r t h O l y m p i c Sa l m o n Co a l i t i o n On e o f 1 4 R e g i o n a l F i s h e r ie s E n h a n c e m e n t G r o u p s un d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e R e g i o n a l F i s h e r i e s En h a n c e m e n t G r o u p P r o g r a m t h a t i n v o l v e l o c a l co m m u n i t i e s , c i t i z e n v o l u n t e e r s , a n d l a n d o w n e r s i n sa l m o n r e c o v e r y e f f o r t s . • Re m e a n d e r i n g c h a n n e l i z e d st r e a m s . • In - s t r e a m p l a c e m e n t o f l a r g e wo o d y d e b r i s . • Ri p a r i a n p l a n t i n g a n d en h a n c e m e n t . • Cu l v e r t r e m o v a l t o i m p r o v e f i s h pa s s a g e . • Be a c h n o u r i s h m e n t . • Li v e s t o c k f e n c i n g t o p r o t e c t ri p a r i a n a r e a s . • Ac q u i s i t i o n o f a c q u i r e e s t u a r i n e ha b i t a t . • Fo r a g e f i s h s p a w n i n g s u r v e y s . • Sa l m o n / S n o w C r e e k e s t u a r y r e s t o r a t i o n . • Ch i m a c u m B e a c h f i l l r e m o v a l . Wi l d F i s h Co n s e r v a n c y (f o r m e r l y Wa s h i n g t o n Tr o u t ) Wi l d F i s h C o n s e r v a n c y s e e k s t o i m p r o v e c o n d i t i o n s fo r a l l o f t h e N o r t h w e s t ’ s w i l d f i s h b y c o n d u c t i n g im p o r t a n t re s e a r c h on w i l d - f i s h p o p u l a t i o n s a n d ha b i t a t s , ad v o c a t i n g fo r b e t t e r l a n d - u s e , h a r v e s t , a n d ha t c h e r y m a n a g e m e n t , a n d d e v e l o p i n g m o d e l re s t o r a t i o n p r o j e c t s . • Pr o j e c t s t h a t r e s t o r e e c o l o g i c a l pr o c e s s e s a n d b e n e f i t w i l d f i s h st o c k s . • Cu l v e r t r e p l a c e m e n t – W e s t F o r k C h i m a c u m Cr e e k . • Do s e w a l l i p s e s t u a r y r e s t o r a t i o n p r o j e c t . Wa s h i n g t o n DN R A q u a t i c Pr o g r a m WD N R m a n a g e s s t a t e o w n e d a q u a t i c l a n d s , a n d re s t o r e s a q u a t i c l a n d s w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e • De r e l i c t v e s s e l r e m o v a l • Re m o v a l o f c r e o s o t e p i l i n g s • Aq u a t i c w e e d r e m o v a l • De r e l i c t g e a r r e m o v a l p r o g r a m . • Es t a b l i s h m e n t o f A q u a t i c R e s e r v e s a n d A R ma n a g e m e n t p l a n s w i t h p o t e n t i a l r e s t o r a t i o n ac t i o n s , r e s e a r c h a n d m o n i t o r i n g Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-1 7.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING As a long-range planning effort without dedicated funding, it is difficult to articulate a firm strategy for accomplishing the goals of this plan. Under the Shoreline Management Act, the County is required to review, and amend if necessary, its SMP once every seven years (RCW 90.58.080(4)). At the time of the update, the County is required to report progress toward meeting its restoration goals, but there is no requirement or timeframe for specifically implementing the Restoration Plan. That said, the County has developed a process to help ensure that this plan is implemented over time. 7.1 IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS As noted in Section 1.3.1, the MRC will have a lead role as conveners of an annual restoration planning summit involving County government, federal, state, and local resource agencies, tribes, NGOs and other restoration partners to review and discuss options for implementing the recommended actions in this plan. The goal of the annual summit will be to match and align priority restoration actions with available resources and funding, ongoing capitol improvement projects, and community needs and interests in a systematic and objective way. Projects and actions that are in watersheds/areas that are noted as having the best potential for restoration (highest priority) would be emphasized. Ideally, the meeting participants would agree on one or more projects/actions to target for implementation in the coming year and assign responsibility for the implementation steps as appropriate. Progress toward fulfilling this plan would be tracked and recorded on an annual basis and Jefferson County would provide a written status report to Ecology by December of each year. The status report would document progress made based on the benchmarks offered in sections 7.2. 7.2 TIMELINES AND BENCHMARKS Specific timelines should be developed according to the general priorities described herein and emphasis should be given to areas with the greatest restoration potential. A suggested timeline for initiating implementation of this plan is as follows: Within 1 year of adoption of this plan: • Identify at least 2 potential bulkhead removal/ bio-stabilization projects on high priority shorelines, apply for funding and initiate steps toward implementation. • Identify at least 2 potential riparian enhancement projects on high priority shorelines, apply for funding and initiate steps toward implementation. • Initiate conversations with at least one public agency regarding an intertidal fill removal or culvert removal project on a high priority shoreline. Within 5 years of adoption of this plan (assuming funding is available): • Complete at least 2 bulkhead removal/ bio-stabilization projects. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 7-2 October 2008 • Complete at least 2 riparian enhancement projects. • Initiate technical work to support at least 1 large-scale intertidal fill removal or culvert removal on a high priority shoreline on public lands. Within 7 years of adoption of this plan: • Complete at least 2 additional bulkhead removal/ bio-stabilization projects. • Complete at least 2 additional riparian enhancement projects. • Identify at least 2 new potential riparian enhancement projects on high priority shorelines, secure funding and initiate steps toward implementation. • Identify at least 2 new potential bulkhead removal/bio-stabilization projects on high priority shorelines, secure funding and initiate steps toward implementation • Complete technical work to support at least 1 potential large-scale intertidal fill removal or culvert removal on a high priority shoreline on public lands. Overtime restoration efforts must be evaluated against a set of benchmarks to determine if adequate progress is being made. One way to assess progress will be to track and report on the following general benchmarks: • Acres of riparian enhancement • Linear feet of bulkhead removed • Acres of reconnected floodplain • Linear feet of road decommissioned • Acres of wetland restored • Acres of native vegetation planted • Number of culverts replaced or number of miles of stream open to migration • Number of creosote structures/ pilings removed • Acres of riparian/nearshore enhancement • Fewer exceedances of water quality criteria as measured in the state water quality assessment • Reduced shellfish closures and downgrades • Number of restoration actions implemented in conjunction with other projects Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-3 • Number of collaborative projects implemented • Number of projects tracked via database • Number of landowners participating in stewardship workshops • Number of partners participating in joint efforts More specific benchmarks should be developed for specific projects. For example, a project that involves fill removal and salt marsh restoration might be evaluated based on the number of acres of upper intertidal habitat, the number of different plant species present or the degree of use by shorebirds. Restoration of estuarine habitat might be evaluated based on the number of fish present or the development of habitat conditions over time. 7.3 POTENTIAL FUNDING Implementing this restoration plan will be challenge given that there is currently no dedicated funding source. At present, shoreline restoration is almost entirely dependent on grant funding, which is unpredictable and variable from year to year. The County’s ability to devote any general funds to the implementation of this plan is doubtful, but potential internal funding sources do exist. One potential funding mechanism would be the establishment of a shoreline restoration program organized like or integrated with a capital improvement program (CIP). Similar to an infrastructure CIP, a shoreline restoration CIP would be evaluated and updated regularly. A restoration CIP could be focused on site-specific projects and could be funded through grants or County general funds. For example, funds could be dedicated to support derelict vessel removal or bulkhead removal. Further, existing CIP projects, such as stormwater facility and road improvements, could be evaluated to determine if their design could advance shoreline restoration goals. Special Districts or local improvement districts (LIDs) could also be established to help fund and/or implement restoration projects. A Special District is a local unit of government authorized by law to perform a single function or a limited number of functions, and including but not limited to, water- sewer districts, irrigation districts, and transportation districts. LIDs are primarily a means of financing needed capital improvements. LIDs allow improvements to be financed and paid for over a period of time through assessments on the benefitting properties. They require the approval of the local government and benefited property owners. LIDs involve the sale of bonds to investors and the retirement of those bonds via annual payments by the property owners within a district. Both of the models would provide a potential mechanism for achieving some of the goals of this plan. A variety of outside funding sources are available for restoration projects in Puget Sound. Funding opportunities have generally increased since the implementation of Governor Gregoire’s Puget Sound Initiative in 2005, though the process by which organizations are able to obtain funds is typically quite competitive. Funds are distributed through grant-making agencies at the local, state, and federal level; opportunities described below are primarily administered by state and federal agencies. Sources listed here do not represent an exhaustive list of potential funding opportunities, but are meant to provide an overview of the types of opportunities available. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 7-4 October 2008 Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recreation Washington Wildlife Recreation Program 1111 Washington St. SE PO Box 40917 Olympia, WA 98504 360-902-3000, info@iac.wa.gov The WWRP provides funds for the acquisition and development of recreation and conservation lands. WWRP funds are administered by account and category. The Habitat Conservation Account includes critical habitat, natural areas, and urban wildlife categories. The Outdoor Recreation Account includes local parks, state parks, trails, and water access categories. Letters of intent are usually due March 1. Applications are usually due May 1. Washington State Department of Ecology Post Office Box 47600 Olympia, Washington 98504-7600 jrus461@ecy.wa.gov www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/grants/index.html Grant programs administered by Washington State Department of Ecology are described below. • Aquatic Weeds Financial Assistance Program: This program provides funding for technical assistance, public education and grants to help control aquatic weeds. Grant projects must address prevention and/or control of freshwater, invasive, non-native aquatic plants. The types of activities funded include: Planning, education, monitoring, implementation, pilot/demonstration projects, surveillance and mapping projects. Grant applications are accepted from October 1 through November 1 of each year during a formal application process. • Water Quality Program: The Department of Ecology's Water Quality Program administers three major funding programs that provide low-interest loans and grants for projects that protect and improve water quality in Washington State. Ecology acts in partnership with state agencies, local governments, and Indian tribes by providing financial and administrative support for their water quality efforts. As much as possible, Ecology manages the three programs as one; there is one funding cycle, application form, and offer list. The three programs are: The Centennial Clean Water Fund, The State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF), and The Section 319 Nonpoint Source Grants Program (Section 319). • Local governments, recognized Native American tribes, special purpose districts, and non- profit groups are eligible for funding. Grants and loans are available for point source and nonpoint source projects. This includes, but is not limited to, treatment facilities, stream and salmon habitat restoration, and water quality monitoring. • Coastal Protection Fund: This account is funded primarily by oil spill penalties levied against responsible parties. Restoration efforts undertaken with these funds are diverse and include land acquisition, fish barrier removal, and environmental education projects. • Coastal Zone Management Administration/Implementation Awards: This program assists states in implementing and enhancing Coastal Zone Management (CZM) programs that have been approved by the Secretary of Commerce. Funds are available for projects in areas such Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-5 as coastal wetlands management and protection, natural hazards management, public access improvements, reduction of marine debris, assessment of impacts of coastal growth and development, special area management planning, regional management issues, and demonstration projects with potential to improve coastal zone management. Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA 98501-1091 360-902-2806. http://wdfw.wa.gov/volunter/vol-7.htm • Aquatic Lands Enhancement Account (ALEA) Volunteer Cooperative Projects Program: The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) accepts grant applications from individuals and volunteer groups conducting local projects to benefit fish and wildlife. Grants have ranged from $300 to $75,000 in past years to help volunteers pay for materials necessary for projects approved by the agency. Funding cannot be used for wages or benefits. Examples of past projects include habitat restoration, improving access to fish and wildlife areas for disabled people, fish and wildlife research, public education and fish- rearing projects that can benefit the public. • Landowner Incentive Program: The Landowner Incentive Program (LIP) is a competitive grant program designed to provide financial assistance to private landowners for the protection, enhancement or restoration of habitat to benefit species at risk on privately owned lands. At risk species depend on specific ecosystems for survival. These ecosystems include riparian areas, wetlands, oak woodlands, prairies and grasslands, shrub steppe and nearshore environments. Through Washington’s LIP, individual landowners are eligible to apply for up to $50,000 in assistance. In addition, $50,000 is typically set aside for small grants. Any individual applying for these small grant funds may apply for up to $5,000. A 25% non-federal contribution is required, which may include cash and/or in-kind (labor, machinery, materials) contribution. National Fish and Wildlife Foundation 1120 Connecticut Avenue, NW, #900 Washington, DC 20036 Kathleen Pickering 202-857-0166 www.nfwf.org Non-profit organizations, local, state or federal government agencies are eligible to apply for funds for community-based projects that improve and restore native salmon habitat, remove barriers to fish passage, or for the acquisition of land/ conservation easements on private lands where the habitat is critical to salmon species. Specific grant programs are listed below. • Bring Back the Natives: A Public-Private Partnership for Restoring Populations of Native Aquatic Species: The Bring Back the Natives initiative (BBN) funds on-the-ground efforts to restore native aquatic species to their historic range. Projects should involve partnerships between communities, agencies, private landowners, and organizations that seek to rehabilitate streamside and watershed habitats. Projects should focus on habitat needs of Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 7-6 October 2008 species such as fish, invertebrates, and amphibians that originally inhabited the waterways across the country. Twelve to fifteen grants averaging $60,000 are awarded annually. • Hood Canal Community Salmon Fund: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) and Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) have established the Hood Canal Community Salmon Fund to stimulate small-scale, voluntary action by landowners, community groups, and businesses to support salmon recovery on private property (or public property, in some cases) in Hood Canal and Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca Watersheds. Grants will be jointly selected by NFWF and the Hood Canal Lead Entity and administered by NFWF. • North Olympic Community Salmon Fund: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) and Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) have established the North Olympic Community Salmon Fund to stimulate small-scale, voluntary action by landowners, community groups, and businesses to support salmon recovery on private property (or public property, in some cases) in the North Olympic Peninsula. Grants will be jointly selected by NFWF and the North Olympic Peninsula Lead Entity (NOPLE) and administered by NFWF. • Five-Star Restoration Matching Grants Program: The Five-Star Restoration Program provides modest financial assistance on a competitive basis to support community-based wetland, riparian, and coastal habitat restoration projects that build diverse partnerships and foster local natural resource stewardship through education, outreach and training activities. • Marine Debris Prevention and Removal Program: The NOAA Marine Debris Program (NOAA MDP), codified by the Marine Debris Research, Prevention, and Reduction Act (33 U.S.C. 1951 et seq.) coordinates, strengthens, and enhances the awareness of marine debris efforts within the agency and works with external partners to support research, prevention, and reduction activities related to the issue of marine debris. The NOAA MDP mission is to support a national and international effort focused on preventing, identifying and removing the occurrence of marine debris and to protect and conserve our nation’s natural resources, oceans, and coastal waterways from the impacts of marine debris. • Native Plant Conservation Initiative: Through this initiative, grants of federal dollars will be provided to non-profit organizations and agencies at all levels of government to promote the conservation of native plants and pollinators. • Puget Sound Marine Conservation Fund: In spring 2005, the United States charged an international shipping company with violating numerous federal pollution laws after inspections and actions taken by the Washington Department of Ecology and the Coast Guard identified the violations. As part of the settlement, the courts ordered $2,000,000 in community service payments to be made to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Foundation) to be invested in conservation projects in the area of environmental impact. • The Migratory Bird Conservancy: The MBC will fund projects that directly address conservation of priority bird habitats in the Western Hemisphere. Acquisition, restoration, and improved management of habitats are program priorities. Education, research, and monitoring will be considered only as components of actual habitat conservation projects. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-7 Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) Tara Galuska (North Olympic Peninsula) (360) 902-2953 Mike Ramsey (Hood Canal) (360) 902-2969 http://www.iac.wa.gov/srfb/board.htm The Salmon Recovery Funding Board supports salmon recovery by funding habitat protection and restoration projects. It also supports related programs and activities that produce sustainable and measurable benefits for fish and their habitat. SRFB distributes funds through two grant programs: SRFB grants, and Family Forest Fish Passage Program grants. Depending on the grant program, eligible applicants may include municipal subdivisions (cities, towns, counties, and special districts such as port, conservation, utility, park and recreation, and school), tribal governments, state agencies, nonprofit organizations, regional fisheries enhancement groups, and private landowners. To be considered for funding, projects must be operated and maintained in perpetuity for the purposes for which funding is sought. All projects require lead entity approval and must be a high priority in the lead entity strategy or regional recovery plan. Grants are awarded by the Salmon Recovery Funding Board based on a public, competitive process that weighs the merits of proposed projects against established program criteria. NOAA Restoration Center Community-based Restoration Program Northwest Region Jennifer Steger, Director Jennifer.Steger@noaa.gov http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ The NOAA Community-based Restoration Program (CRP) is a financial and technical assistance program that helps communities implement restoration projects. Specific opportunities are listed below. • NOAA CRP 3-Year Partnership Grants: These grants fund national and regional habitat restoration partnerships for up to 3 years that provide sub awards for individual grass-roots restoration projects. Typical awards range from $100,000 to $2,000,000. • NOAA CRP Project Grants: These grants fund grass-roots marine and coastal habitat restoration projects that will benefit anadromous fish species, commercial and recreational resources, and endangered and threatened species. Typical awards range from $30,000 to $250,000. • American Sportfishing Association’s FishAmerica Foundation Grants: Since 1998, NOAA CRP has partnered with the FishAmerica Foundation to provide funding for fisheries habitat restoration projects nationwide. Grants will fund marine and anadromous fish habitat restoration projects that benefit recreationally fished species. Typical awards range from $5,000 to $50,000. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 7-8 October 2008 • National Fish & Wildlife Foundation/National Association of Counties Coastal Counties Restoration Initiative: In partnership with NOAA CRP, this grant program funds innovative, high quality county-led or supported projects that support wetland, riparian and coastal habitat restoration projects. Typical awards range from $25,000 to $100,000. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10: Pacific Northwest Grants Administration Unit Bob Phillips phillips.bob@epa.gov (206) 553-6367 The Environmental Protection Agency funds a variety of projects that aim to safeguard the natural environment and protect human health. Potential opportunities specific to watershed protection and restoration are listed below. • The Clean Water State Revolving Fund Program: Under this program, EPA provides grants or “seed money” to all 50 states plus Puerto Rico to capitalize state loan funds. The states, in turn, make loans to communities, individuals, and others for high-priority water-quality activities. Projects funded by the low-interest loans may include wetlands protection and restoration, estuary management efforts – including wildlife habitat restoration – and development of streambank buffer zones. • Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant (319) Program: Clean Water Act Section 319(h) funds are provided only to designated state and tribal agencies to implement their approved nonpoint source management programs. State and tribal nonpoint source programs include a variety of components, including technical assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, demonstration projects, and regulatory programs. Each year, EPA awards Section 319(h) funds to states in accordance with a state-by-state allocation formula that EPA has developed in consultation with the states. • Wetland Protection, Restoration, and Stewardship Discretionary Funding: This program provides support for studies and activities related to implementation of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act for both wetlands and sediment management. Projects can support regulatory, planning, restoration or outreach issues. Typical grant awards range from $5,000 to $20,000. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Nell Fuller 911 NE 11th Avenue Portland, OR 97232-4181 (503) 231-2014 Nell_Fuller@fws.gov • Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program: This program provides technical and financial assistance to private landowners and Tribes who are willing to work with USFWS and other partners on a voluntary basis to help meet the habitat needs of Federal Trust Species. The Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-9 Partners Program can assist with projects in all habitat types which conserve or restore native vegetation, hydrology, and soils associated with imperiled ecosystems such as longleaf pine, bottomland hardwoods, tropical forests, native prairies, marshes, rivers and streams, or ecosystems that otherwise provide an important habitat requisite for a rare, declining or protected species. The typical grant award is approximately $25,000. • Puget Sound Program: The Puget Sound Program was established to protect, restore, and enhance the natural resources of Washington’s coastal ecosystems. USFWS works closely with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Estuary Program, and their State partner, the Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team to conserve fish and wildlife and their habitats in Puget Sound, an “estuary of national significance”. Partnerships with other agencies, Native American Tribes, citizens, and organizations are emphasized. • National Fish Passage Program: Each year the Service solicits and inputs select fish passage projects into the Fisheries Operational Needs System database. Projects are prioritized and selected based upon the benefits to species and the geographical area. Typical projects include barrier culvert removal or replacement with a fish passable culvert or bridge, and re-opening oxbow and off channel habitats. Typical funding amounts range from $30,000 to $110,000 with a minimum 25% cost share requested. • Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund: Grants offered through the Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund support participation in a wide array of voluntary conservation projects for candidate, proposed and listed species. These funds may in turn be awarded to private landowners and groups for conservation projects. • North American Wetlands Conservation Act Grants Program: The North American Wetlands Conservation Act of 1989 provides matching grants to organizations and individuals who have developed partnerships to carry out wetlands conservation projects in the United States, Canada, and Mexico for the benefit of wetlands-associated migratory birds and other wildlife. The Standard Grants Program supports projects in Canada, the United States, and Mexico that involve long-term protection, restoration, and/or enhancement of wetlands and associated uplands habitats. The Small Grants Program operates only in the United States; it supports the same type of projects and adheres to the same selection criteria and administrative guidelines as the U.S. Standard Grants Program. However, project activities are usually smaller in scope and involve fewer project dollars. Grant requests may not exceed $75,000, and funding priority is given to grantees or partners new to the Act’s Grants Program. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Section 206 Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Projects Mr. John R. Kennelly, Chief Planning Branch U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New England District 696 Virginia Road Concord, Massachusetts 01742-2751 Under the authority provided by Section 206 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, the Corps may plan, design and build projects to restore aquatic ecosystems for fish and wildlife. The process for Section 206 projects begins after a non-federal sponsor requests Corps of Engineers Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 7-10 October 2008 assistance under the program. When funding is available, the Corps of Engineers prepares a Preliminary Restoration Plan (PRP) paid for by the federal government. The PRP is a 3 to 5 p document used to determine whether federal involvement is appropriate. It describes the project benefits and contains an initial schedule and budget. The Final PRP contains a letter from the no federal sponsor indicating that they understand their obligations for cost sharing and obtaining any necessary real estate. If the sponsor agrees to move forward with the project, the Corps prepares a feasibility study, then plans and specifications. The Corps then manages construction of the project age n- . .S. Army Corps of Engineers rts General Investigation 34 unding for projects related to coastal ecosystems, fish and wildlife, flood management, land , and ashington Department of Transportation 499 a.gov he City Fish Passage Barrier Removal and Habitat Restoration Grant Program provides $2 million al and ashington Department of Natural Resources Small Forest Landowner Office ( SFLO) n Street SE he Family Forest Fish Passage Program will pay qualified landowners up to 100% for replacing ucks Unlimited estore State Habitat (MARSH) .org U Basinwide Restoration New Sta Bruce Sexauer P.O. Box 3755 Seattle, WA 981 (206) 764-6959 F management and planning, outdoor recreation, general restoration, riparian areas, water quality wetlands is provided through this program at a 65:35 cost share. Studies on the same topics are funded at a 50:50 cost share. W City Fish Passage Grant Program Cliff Hall (360) 705-7 hallcli@wsdot.w T to be used towards city fish passage barrier removal projects, with complimenting habitat restoration and stormwater components. The intent of the City Fish Passage Barrier Remov Habitat Restoration Grant program is to integrate clean water with salmon restoration efforts and compliments the WSDOT ESA response. Grant funding may vary from year to year; check with the Program Manager at WSDOT for more detailed information. W PO Box 47000 1111 Washingto Olympia, WA 98504-7000 (360) 902-1000 T blocked culverts. The Forest Riparian Easement Program also pays qualified landowners 50 to 100% of the value of timber they leave in riparian zones in exchange for a 50-year easement. D Matching Aid to R (916) 852-2000 conserve@ducks Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-11 The MARSH program was instituted in 1985 to develop and protect waterfowl habitat in the United States. This reimbursement program provides matching funds for wetland acquisition and habitat ts submitted for MARSH funding must significantly benefit waterfowl. Normally, all projects must be on land under the control of a public agency or private cooperator with which DU ate foundations, businesses, and other organizations administer grant programs with the intent of restoring habitat and ecosystems. Organizations with focal areas including Puget .kenneyfdn.org/); ation.org); • 7.4 development of a restoration plan ome of these challenges are rts undertaking, particularly at larger (e.g., watershed or reach) scales. In • ling or • an require substantial time and effort. Although encouraged and allowed by the SMP, complicated restoration projects may take a year or more to permit. restoration and enhancement in each state based on Ducks Unlimited (DU's) income within that state. Projec has an approved memorandum of understanding. Control must be through ownership, lease, easement, or management agreement. Control must be adequate for protection, maintenance, and use of the project throughout its projected life. Other Sources A number of priv Sound, watershed protection, and habitat conservation include: • The Russell Family Foundation (www.trff.org/home.asp); • William C. Kenney Watershed Protection Foundation (www • Northwest Fund for the Environment (www.nwfund.org/); • Kongsgaard-Goldman Foundation (www.kongsgaard-goldman.org/); • The Bullitt Foundation (www.bullitt.org); • The Compton Foundation (www.comptonfound The Acorn Foundation (www.commoncounsel.org); • Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (www.ddcf.org); and • The Hugh and Jane Ferguson Foundation (http://www.foundationcenter.org/grantmaker/ferguson/). OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES There are a number of potential complicating factors between the and on-the-ground implementation of its programs and projects. S briefly summarized below: • Lack of funding: Designing, carrying out, and monitoring the success of restoration effo can be an expensive general, funding for restoration is limited and competition for funds extensive. Landowner participation: Ownership of Jefferson County’s shorelines is highly variable. Landowners in areas identified as priorities for restoration efforts may be unwil unable to participate in those efforts, while others may be willing to participate in future projects. Project permitting: Obtaining necessary permits from local, state, and federal regulatory agencies c Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Page 7-12 October 2008 • Climate change: Rising temperatures and sea levels have the potential to dramatically alte Jefferson County’s shoreline jurisdiction, processes, and functions over time. Depending on the scale of change and time period over which changes occur, restoration r priorities could 7.5 STRA propriately goals” f)). Phase 3 of the SMP guidelines restoration framework (based on Palmer ch inform future restoration activities. As dn agement is “the integration of design, managem est shoreline ple, ces of d to in our previous example, if a catastrophic landslide occurs within the reach formerly deprived of sediment, it may no longer be necessary to onservation community can benefit from this information, as they can design and manage better projects and avoid some of the oration shift substantially within a relatively short period of time. MONITORING AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT TEGIES The SMP guidelines for restoration planning state that local programs should “…ap review the effectiveness of the projects and programs in meeting the overall restoration (WAC 173-26-201(2)( et al, 2005) provides a general roadmap for assessing restoration actions and revising the approa to meeting restoration goals. It includes the following objectives: • Adaptively manage restoration projects; • Monitor post-restoration conditions; and • Use monitoring and maintenance results to efied by Salafsky et al. (2001), adaptive man ent, and monitoring to systematically test assumptions in order to adapt and learn.” ingassumptions involves first thinking about the situation at a project site, such as aT scheduled for beach nourishment and developing a specific set of assumptions about what is occurring at that site and what actions one might be able to use to affect these events. For exam one might look at a scoured beach surrounded by shoreline armoring and conclude that a) sour feeder material are no longer able to feed the beach, and therefore that b) beach nourishment may need to be performed on a recurring basis until/unless shoreline armoring is reduced. Restoration practitioners can then implement these actions and monitor the actual results to see how they compare to the ones predicted by the set of assumptions. Adaptation, in turn, is about taking action to improve a project based on the results of monitoring (Salafsky et al., 2001). Adaptation involves changing assumptions and interventions to respon new information obtained through monitoring efforts. As perform beach nourishment on a recurring basis within that reach. Ongoing monitoring would make clear the necessity of adapting to changed circumstances; namely, the unexpected addition of a new sediment source within the drift cell feeding the scoured beach. Learning is an additional important component of adaptive management (Salafsky et al., 2001). Learning is about systematically documenting the process of restoration and the results achieved, in order to prevent the repetition of mistakes in the future. Others in the c hazards and perils of previous efforts that were well documented by practitioners. In context of all Jefferson County’s shorelines, monitoring and adaptive management could include a re-review of environmental processes and functions at the time of periodic SMP updates to, at a minimum, validate the effectiveness of the SMP. Re-review should consider what rest Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 7-13 activities actually occurred compared to stated goals, objectives and priorities, and whether restoration projects resulted in a net improvement of shoreline resources. Under the Shoreline Management Act, the SMP must result in no net loss of shoreline ecolog resources. If reviews demonstrate that this standard has not been met, Jeff ical erson County will be required to take corrective actions. The goal for restoration is to achieve a net improvement of to ne conditions. could em-wide monitoring of shoreline conditions and development activity, to the degree practical, recognizing that individual project monitoring does not provide an assessment of overall a. New shoreline development s The County may r o monitor as part of project mitigation, which may be incorporate ss, as development and restoration activities occur in the horeline area, the County should seek to monitor shoreline conditions to determine whether both become elevated in priority to prevent loss of critical resources. Alternatively, successful sive Plan update cycle. A complete reassessment of conditions, policies and regulations should be considered shoreline resources. The cumulative effect of restoration over the time between reviews should be evaluated along with an assessment of impacts of development that is not fully mitigated to determine effectiveness at achieving a net improvement to shoreline ecological resources. To conduct a valid reassessment of the shoreline conditions every seven years, it is necessary monitor, record and maintain key environmental metrics to allow a comparison with baseli In context of project and site-specific monitoring and adaptive management, Jefferson County conduct syst shoreline ecological health. The following approach is suggested: Track information using the County’s GIS and permit system as activities occur (development, conservation, restoration, and mitigation), such as: b. Shoreline variances and the nature of the variance c. Compliance issues d. New impervious surface area e. Number of pilings f. Removal of fill g. Vegetation retention/loss h. Bulkheads/armoring equire project proponents t d into this process. Regardle s project specific and SMP overall goals are being achieved. Mitigation plans, including those for restoration activities, shall be based on site-specific conditions and shall include a monitoring proposal intended to capture development of habitat conditions and features within the mitigation area. Mitigation plans shall be submitted to Jefferson County for County review and approval. As monitoring occurs, Jefferson County should reassess environmental conditions and restoration objectives. Those ecological processes and functions that are found to be worsening may need to restoration may reduce the importance of some restoration objectives in the future. Evaluation of shoreline conditions, permit activity, GIS data, and policy and regulatory effectiveness should occur at varying levels of detail consistent with the Comprehen every seven years. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 8-1 8.0 REFERENCES Allan, J.D. 2004. Landscapes and riverscapes: the influence of land use on stream ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 35: 257-284. Bahls, P. 2004. Fish Distribution and Abundance in Shallow Intertidal Habitats of Tarboo and North Dabob Bays. Prepared for Jefferson County Marine Resources Committee. February 2004. Bargmann, G. 1998. Forage Fish Management Plan. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Benda, L.E., P. Bigalow, and W. Worsley. 2002. Recruitment of instream large wood in old-growth and second-growth redwood forests, northern California, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 32: 1460–1477. Berbells, R.S. 2003. Shoreline Survey of the Discovery Bay Shellfish Growing Area. Prepared by Scott Berbells, Public Health Advisor. March 2004. Beschta, R.L. 1978. 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Aquatic Invasive Species Fact Sheets: Tunicates. Available at: http://wdfw.wa.gov/factshts/tunicates_fact_mar06.htm Washington Department of Health (WDH). 2006a Early warning system summary for shellfish growing areas on Jefferson County. Available at: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/sf/growreports.htm#county Washington Department of Health (WDH). 2006b. Recreational Shellfish Beach Closures Due to Biotoxin or Pollution. Jefferson County. Available at: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/sf/BiotoxinProgram.htm Washington Department Of Health (WDOH). 2005. Report to the Puget Sound Action Team. Nitrogen Reducing Technologies for Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems. Office Of Environmental Health & Safety. Wastewater Management Program Division. June 2005. Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). 2001. Washington State ShoreZone Inventory, Nearshore Habitat Program, Olympia, WA. Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). 2005. Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Policy for Sustainable Forests. April 2005. Washington Sea Grant. 2000. Draft Northwest Straits Overview, A Science Gap Report. Seattle, Washington. April 2000. Prepared for the Northwest Straits Commission. Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA). 2007. Spartina Eradication Program 2006 Progress Report. WSDA Spartina Program , Olympia, WA. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Page 8-13 Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA). 2001 Spartina Management Plan for Hood Canal. WSDA Spartina Program, Olympia, WA. Washington State Department of Health. 2005. 2004 Shoreline Survey of the Hood Canal 4 Shellfish Growing Area. Zabel-Lincoln. Washington State Parks (WSP). 2006. Parks Information website. Available at: http://www.parks.wa.gov/parks/ WDFW and PNPTC. 2000. Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative, An Implementation Plan to Recover Summer Chum in the Hood Canal and Strait of Juan de Fuca Region. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Point-No-Point Treaty Tribes. April 2000. Western Rivers Conservancy. 2006. Washington Campaigns, Creating a Salmon Sanctuary, Hoh River, Jefferson County, Washington. http://www.westernrivers.org/camp_wa_hoh.html (accessed 11/2/06). Woodruff, D., A. Borde, G. Williams, J. Southard, R. Thom, C. Simenstad, R. Garono, R. Robinson, and J. Norris. 2002. Mapping of subtidal and intertidal habitat resources: Hood Canal Floating Bridge, Washington. Prepared for the Washington State Transportation Commission. WRIA 16 Planning Unit. 2006. Watershed Management Plan, Skokomish-Dosewallips Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA 16), Including the WRIA 14 South Shore Sub-basin. February 2006. Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Appendix A APPENDIX A: WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION FOR EASTERN JEFFERSON COUNTY (under separate cover) Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan October 2008 Appendix B APPENDIX B: BATTELLE MARINE SCIENCE LABORATORY MULTI-SCALE RESTORATION PRIORITIZATION FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL SHORELINE MASTER PROGRAMS: A CASE STUDY FROM JEFFERSON COUNTY, WASHINGTON (under separate cover) Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan APPENDIX C - SUMMARY OF EXISTING RESTORATION PROGRAMS October 2008 Appendix C Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan SUMMARY OF EXISTING RESTORATION PLANS & PROGRAMS This section supplements the information in Chapter 6 on restoration partners. These additional restoration planning efforts in Jefferson County may help to inform and implement future restoration actions. Shared Strategy for Puget Sound The Shared Strategy for Puget Sound (Shared Strategy) began as a collaborative effort to protect and restore salmon runs for Puget Sound Chinook across Puget Sound. Shared Strategy engaged local citizens, tribes, technical experts and policy makers to build a practical, cost-effective recovery plan endorsed by the people living and working in the watersheds of Puget Sound. The Shared Strategy operated through a five-step process: 1) Identify what should be in a recovery plan and assess how current efforts can support the plan. 2) Set recovery targets and ranges for each watershed. 3) Identify actions needed at the watershed level to meet targets. 4) Determine if identified actions add up to recovery. If not, identify needed adjustments. 5) Finalize the plan and actions and commitment necessary for successful implementation. Fourteen watershed areas participated in the Shared Strategy to recover Puget Sound Chinook salmon and obtain the commitments needed to achieve them. These individual watershed groups developed the technical content and implementation structure of their local recovery chapter. Watersheds, in turn, worked with stakeholders in the Puget Sound to integrate science and social policy into the regional recovery plan. In addition to the work within the fourteen watershed areas, work by the Puget Sound Action Team, the predecessor agency to the Puget Sound Partnership, lead the development of a nearshore chapter as part of Shared Strategy’s salmon recovery plan for Puget Sound. The regional consensus process ensured the plan ultimately reflected local needs and priorities while meeting ESA requirements (http://www.sharedsalmonstrategy.org/about.htm). In Jefferson County, restoration efforts carried out under the umbrella of the Shared Strategy and the Hood Canal Coordinating Council include a number of projects focused on estuaries. Projects include removal of levees, borrow ditches and tidegates to allow disconnected and degraded salt marshes to recover in the Dosewallips estuary, and significant acquisition efforts to allow for future restoration in the Dosewallips, Big and Little Quilcene, and Snow/Salmon estuaries. Natural functions and processes are also being restored in the Chimacum estuary through removal of fill and riprap. Work has begun in the Duckabush estuary to model potential alternatives and their associated benefits for reconfiguring the SR101 causeway (http://www.sharedsalmonstrategy.org/watersheds/watershed-hoodcanal.htm). The removal of two dams on the Lower Elwha River is scheduled to begin around 2013. The Elwha and Glines Canyon dams, both located in Clallam County, currently block access to October 2008 Page C-1 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan approximately 95 percent of historic spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous salmon in the river basin – including headwater areas located in Jefferson County (Warrick, 2005, available at: http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2005/02/research.html). These efforts should increase habitat connectivity between fresh and marine waters of Jefferson County, and likely will restore important nearshore processes including drift cell function. On January 1, 2008, the regional salmon recovery functions of the Shared Strategy became the responsibility of the Puget Sound Partnership. Pacific Northwest Recovery Implementation Science Team RIST. After listing 27 Pacific salmon Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act, NMFS initiated a west coast-wide process to develop recovery plans for these species. An important part of this process was the creation of geographically based multi-disciplinary science teams Technical Recovery Teams (TRTs). The TRTs were tasked with providing science support to recovery planners by developing biologically based viability criteria, analyzing alternative recovery strategies, and providing scientific review of draft plans. With the imminent publication of recovery plans for most Pacific Northwest recovery domains, the Pacific Northwest TRTs either have completed or are close to completing their initial task of developing viability criteria and providing science support for recovery plan development. NMFS therefore has phased out most of the existing Pacific Northwest TRTs. As the recovery plans are completed, there is a continuing need for broad-based scientific support for recovery plan implementation. Examples of ongoing science needs include: • Analysis of the efficacy of particular recovery actions • Development of monitoring and evaluation programs • Scientific information and analysis to inform critical uncertainties, and the prioritization, sequencing, and development of effective strategies and actions • Providing scientific review of plans and analyses for policy, funding, and oversight groups To meet these ongoing needs, NMFS initiated the Recovery Implementation Science Team (RIST), which will be responsible for coordinating scientific analyses in support of recovery plan implementation across the Pacific Northwest and other locations along the west coast. There are two active technical recovery teams in the Puget Sound domain: the Puget Sound Steelhead Technical Recovery Team (PSSTRT), and the Puget Sound Recovery Implementation Technical Team (PSRITT). Both teams work in coordination with the Pacific Northwest Recovery Implementation Science Team (RIST). The PSSTRT is tasked with identifying population structure and developing biological viability criteria for Puget Sound steelhead. The PSRITT is providing recovery implementation technical support for Puget Sound Chinook and steelhead, Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca / Hood Canal summer chum, and Lake Ozette sockeye. The PSRITT also works closely with the Puget Sound Partnership. The original Puget Sound Page C-2 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan salmon TRT was formed in April of 2000, and was phased out in early 2008 with the formation of the PSRITT. Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project (PSNERP) The Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project (PSNERP) was formally initiated as a General Investigation (GI) Feasibility Study in September 2001, through a cost-share agreement between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the State of Washington, represented by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. This agreement describes our joint interests and responsibilities to complete a feasibility study to: “…evaluate significant ecosystem degradation in the Puget Sound Basin; to formulate, evaluate, and screen potential solutions to these problems; and to recommend a series of actions and projects that have a federal interest and are supported by a local entity willing to provide the necessary items of local cooperation.” Collaborating with the Puget Sound Action Team (PSAT), the Nearshore Partnership seeks to implement portions of PSAT’s Work Plan pertaining to nearshore habitat restoration issues. The purpose of the project is to identify significant ecosystem problems in Washington State's Puget Sound basin, evaluate potential solutions, and restore and preserve critical nearshore habitat. The project is a cooperative effort among government organizations, tribes, industries, and environmental organizations to preserve and restore the health of the Sound's nearshore. The project is currently in its feasibility study phase. The purpose of the feasibility study is to evaluate the factors that are causing the habitat to decline and pollution to occur in the Puget Sound basin, to formulate, evaluate, and screen potential solutions to these problems; and to recommend a series of actions and projects. The study will look for projects that have both a federal interest and support from local communities that are willing to provide the necessary investment to address the habitat or pollution problems in their area of the Sound (http://pugetsoundnearshore.org/what.htm). Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative The Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative was authorized by Congress in 1998. This federally funded program is a grassroots approach to protecting and restoring the marine resources of the Northwest Straits. The Northwest Straits currently falls under the jurisdiction of the state of Washington and Clallam, Jefferson, Whatcom, Skagit, San Juan, Island, and Snohomish counties, each of which coordinates local restoration projects through seven Marine Resources Committees (MRCs). A 13-person Northwest Straits Commission has been formed to help guide and offer resources to the Marine Resources Committees in each of the seven counties (http://www.nwstraits.org/PageID/132/default.aspx).Puget Sound Salmon Management Plan. The implementation of the habitat element of this plan will involve a continuing and evolving process. The habitat element assesses habitat factors for decline and recommends strategies and actions to sustain and rebuild summer chum salmon in this region. However, the authority to implement these measures is dispersed through a variety of federal, state and local jurisdictions. The parties to this plan will continue to work with the appropriate jurisdictions on implementing plans for habitat protection and restoration. This will include working with the lead entities, Hood Canal Coordinating Council and local governments, the Governor’s Salmon Recovery Office, the Salmon Recovery Funding Board, U.S. Forest Service, etc. Implementation plans October 2008 Page C-3 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan developed by these agencies and processes are expected to be consistent with and integral to this plan. Northwest Maritime Center The Northwest Maritime Center is a nonprofit organization that focuses on providing maritime educational programs. The Center has participated in a renovation effort at Point Hudson Marina – Port Townsend’s downtown marina – which included the removal of creosote soaked piles, old docks, and utilities dating from the 1940s. It has also undertaken clean-up efforts at the future site of the Northwest Maritime Center, a waterfront site with soils contaminated from a bulk oil terminal formerly located on site. Restoration of an eelgrass bed was an additional component of this project (http://nwmaritime.org/news/news_7.shtml). Removal of derelict structures improves nearshore processes and functions, and restoration of eelgrass significantly enhances nearshore habitat for a variety of species. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative: A Plan to Recover Summer Chum Salmon The goal of the Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative is to protect, restore and enhance the productivity, production and diversity of Hood Canal summer chum salmon and their ecosystems to provide surplus production sufficient to allow future directed and incidental harvests of summer chum salmon. Part of the goal is to support and expand on ongoing and future recovery efforts such that there will be a comprehensive and cohesive strategy or plan for the recovery and restoration of these populations. The Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative provides specific actions to be taken to lead to the recovery of the region’s summer chum salmon. It is anticipated that management of all elements of the plan will periodically be evaluated and reshaped if necessary to achieve plan objectives. To facilitate this adaptive management approach, annual reports will be prepared to gage progress and assess the effectiveness of actions taken. In addition, five-year plan reviews will be conducted to measure overall progress toward recovery and evaluate and/or revise the strategies and actions provided in the plan. One approach is to provide for the habitat requirements of each life stage (including adult migration, spawning, incubation and emergence, rearing, and juvenile migration) and for overall life history diversity to ensure the integrity and resilience of the entire region. The strategies outlined in the plan focus on protecting or restoring habitat conditions that appear to limit particular life stages. Habitat evaluations were organized around three primary habitat types – freshwater, estuarine delta, and estuarine nearshore – that are utilized by summer chum salmon during their life cycle. A fourth habitat type, offshore and open ocean, is not discussed because of limited information and a lack of expertise within the habitat workgroup. Watershed Planning (WRIA 16 – Skokomish/Dosewallips) The Watershed Management Plan for WRIA 16 was adopted by the WRIA 16 Planning Unit on May 11, 2006 and approved by the Mason and Jefferson Board of County Commissioners on July 11, 2006. The plan is intended to guide future water resource management in WRIA 16, and, to that end, makes recommendations concerning water quality, water quantity, habitat and Page C-4 October 2008 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan other topics. The Planning Unit has agreed that nothing in the plan creates an obligation for a Planning Unit member unless that member determines that funding is available. Recommendations specific to habitat restoration are briefly discussed below. The Watershed Management Plan supports existing salmon recovery and habitat conservation programs, including many types of in-stream restoration projects and acquisition efforts. It also recommends the validation of stream typing designations through ground-truthing, the adoption of the Adaptive Management rule-making petitions presented by the Policy Committee of the Forest and Fish Program, and the consideration of land preservation programs to preserve critical habitat (Cascadia Consulting Group, 2006, available at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/apps/watersheds/planning/docs/WRIA_16_ES_final.pdf). Watershed Planning (WRIA 17 – Quilcene/Snow) The 18-member Planning Unit adopted the Watershed Management Plan for WRIA 17 in late 2003. Purposes of the plan are similar to those described for WRIA 16. Recommendations specific to habitat restoration are briefly outlined below. The Watershed Management Plan supports existing salmon recovery efforts by the Hood Canal Coordinating Council and other local organizations, in addition to recommending that citizen- based salmon habitat programs, such as Washington State University’s Water Watchers program, be expanded. It also recommends that the Limiting Factors Analysis and East Jefferson County Refugia Study be used as a guide for habitat restoration efforts. The Planning Unit encourages its members to collaborate with other planning units and organizations to create a stable revenue source for correcting public fish passage barriers and maintaining clear passage, and also recommends that impassable culverts be replaced as soon as funding is secure, in coordination with local road planning efforts. Finally, large woody debris (LWD) should be conserved whenever possible, and governmental agencies should make the large woody debris stockpiling part of their normal operations (Cascadia Consulting Group, 2003, available at: http://wria17.co.jefferson.wa.us/documentsf.htm). The retention of LWD in freshwater systems is an important process that, among other benefits, contributes to the capacity of rivers and streams to support salmonids and the biological productivity associated with their abundance. Watershed Planning (WRIA 18 – Elwha/Dungeness) Recommendations specific to habitat restoration in WRIA 18 rely largely on planning documents previously developed for the area, including the Limiting Factors Analysis for WRIA 18 (Washington Conservation Commission, 1999); a 1997 inventory by Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife; and the North Olympic Peninsula Lead Entity Group’s 2001 comprehensive habitat restoration project strategy, which includes identification of restoration priorities for each WRIA 18 stream and a four-tier framework that prioritizes the streams relative to each other based on their habitat and stock restoration potential, as well as other factors (Elwha-Dungeness Planning Unit, 2005, available at: http://www.clallam.net/environment/html/wria_18_draft_watershed_plan.htm). The majority of WRIA 18 streams fall within Clallam County, though the headwaters of the Dungeness River and upstream sections of the Elwha River are located in Jefferson County. The October 2008 Page C-5 Jefferson County SMP Update Restoration Plan Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (1992) provides a federal mandate for the restoration of the river system and its associated fisheries. The removal of two hydroelectric dams on the lower river is necessary to accomplish goals of the Act, and removal is scheduled to begin between 2008 and 2012 (Elwha-Dungeness Planning Unit, 2005). The removal of the Elwha River’s two dams will significantly improve connectivity between fresh waters of Jefferson/Clallam counties and marine waters of Clallam County. Watershed Planning (WRIA 20 – Soleduck/Hoh) The "Hoh River Conservation Corridor" project is an ongoing effort by the Western Rivers Conservancy and Wild Salmon Center to acquire over 7,000 acres/56 miles of Hoh River riparian corridor for conservation. The Conservation Corridor project is managed by the Western Rivers Conservancy through the Hoh River Trust, a non-profit organization created to manage the lands acquired for the benefit of fish and wildlife. Between 2003 and 2005, the project received over $6.7 million dollars in federal Interior Department grants, state grants, and funding from private organizations. As of June 2004, WRC had acquired Hoh River riparian lands at Schmidt Bar near lower Elk and Winfield Creeks (757 acres), Watermarker at Spruce Creek (1,617 acres) and Nolan Creek (1,325 acres). In 2006, the Hoh River Conservation Corridor, Phase IV (Jefferson County, WA) received $6,371,250 to acquire and protect 2,320 acres of riparian and upland forest habitat in the lower Hoh River Valley. This acquisition added to the 4,481 acres already acquired and protected. Partners include Washington Department of Natural Resources, Western Rivers Conservancy, and Hoh River Trust. Wild Salmon Center research between 2002 and 2006 documented that Owl Creek supports the greatest abundance of rearing juvenile steelhead of any tributary outside of the Olympic National Park. Nolan Creek also supports an abundance of juvenile steelhead, coho, and coastal cutthroat, and is the only tributary where the presence of bull trout (ESA listed species) has been confirmed (Mcmillan and Gayeski, 2006). As mentioned previously, acquisition of intact watersheds protects important shoreline functions within Jefferson County. Watershed Planning (WRIA 21 – Queets/Quinault) As of December 2005, no activities under the Watershed Planning Act have occurred in WRIA 21 (http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0511038.pdf). Page C-6 October 2008