HomeMy WebLinkAbout502034007 Geotech Assessment 5E-f G- 3
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Geotechnical Design Investigation Report
for
Erickson Single Family Residence
T25N R2W S3
Parcel 510034067
Jefferson County, Washington
June 9, 2014
Project#1453
Prepared For:
Linda Erickson
222 NW 196 Place ti;' wASy;sr,�
Shoreline, Washington 98177 o
Prepared By: r/ ;' OM.
Envirotech Engineering Q0 liaA,cisT es)-.1,
PO Box 984 IoNALE
Belfair, Washington 98528
Phone: 360-275-9374
Fax: 360-275-4789
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROJECT INFORMATION 1
1.2 PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION AND SCOPE OF WORK 1
2.0 SURFACE CONDITIONS 3
2.1 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 3
2.2 TOPOGRAPHY 3
2.3 SURFACE DRAINAGE AND WATER BODIES 3
2.4 SLOPE AND EROSION OBSERVATIONS 3
3.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS 5
3.1 FIELD METHODS,SAMPLING AND FIELD TESTING 5
3.2 GENERAL GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS 5
3.3 SPECIFIC SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS 6
3.3.1 Groundwater 7
4.0 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8
4.1 BUILDING FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS 8
4.1.1 Bearing Capacity 8
4.1.2 Settlement 8
4.1.3 Concrete Slabs-on-Grade 9
4.2 LATERAL EARTH PRESSURES 9
4.3 EARTHWORK CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS 9
4.3.1 Excavation 9
4.3.2 Placement and Compaction of Native Soils and Engineered Fill 10
4.3.3 Retaining Wall Backfill 11
4.3.4 Wet Weather Considerations 11
4.3.5 Building Pads 12
4.4 SLOPE STABILITY 12
4.4.1 Slope Stability Assessment and Analysis 14
4.4.2 Building and Footing Setbacks 15
4.5 EROSION 15
4.6 SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE 15
4.6.1 Septic Drainjeld Impacts 16
4.7 VEGETATION BUFFER AND CONSIDERATIONS 16
4.8 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS AND LIQUEFACTION 16
4.8.1 Liquefaction 17
5.0 CLOSURE 18
Appendix A- Site Plan
Appendix B- Soil Information
Appendix C- Slope Stability
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Envirotech Engineering (Envirotech) has completed a geotechnical investigation for a property
located west of Sunrise Road in T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4, identified as parcel number 502 034
007, Jefferson County, Washington (Project). As presented herein, this report includes
information pertaining to the Project in this Introduction Section;observations of the property and
surrounding terrain in the Surface Conditions Section; field methods and soils descriptions in the
Subsurface Investigation Section; and, recommendations for foundation, settlement, earthwork,
lateral earth pressures, drainage, slope stability and erosion control in the Engineering Analysis
and Recommendations Section.
An initial geotechnical evaluation of the Project was conducted by Envirotech with the property
proponents, Linda Erickson and John Bubb, on March 16, 2013. It has been determined that
construction may influence an Area of High Geologic Hazard, and subsequently requires a
geotechnical report.
1.1 Project Information
Information pertaining to the Project was provided by the proponent of the property during the
geotechnical investigation. Other information, such as site observations and assumed parameters
typical of this type of development were provided by Evirotech during the preparation of this
report.
Currently, the property is partially with an existing driveway. The planned development consists
of a 1- or 2-story single family residence, on-site septic system, and other ancillary features
typical of this type of development. Approximate building footprint and other proposed features
with relation to existing site conditions are illustrated on the Site Map provided in Appendix A of
this report.
1.2 Purpose of Investigation and Scope of Work
The purpose of this geotechnical investigation is to assess geological hazards, and evaluate the
Project in order to provide geotechnical recommendations that should be implemented during
development. The investigation included characterizing the general Project surface and
subsurface conditions, and evaluating the suitability of the soils to support the planned site
activities.
In order to fulfill the purpose of investigation, the geotechnical program completed for the
proposed improvements of the Project include:
• Review project information provided by the Project owner and/ or owner's
representative;
• Conduct a site visit to document the site conditions that may influence the construction
and performance of the proposed improvements;
• Define general subsurface conditions of the site by observing subsoils within test pits
and/ or cut banks, review geological maps for the general area, research published
references concerning slope stability, and review water well reports from existing wells
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 1 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
near the Project;
• Collect bulk samples at various depths and locations;
• Perform soils testing to determine selected index and/or engineering properties of the site
soils;
• Complete an engineering analysis supported by the planned site alterations, and the
surface and subsurface conditions that were identified by the field investigation, soil
testing,and applicable project research;and,
• Establish conclusions based on findings, and make recommendations for foundations,
drainage, slope stability, erosion control, earthwork construction requirements, and other
considerations.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 2 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair, Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
2.0 SURFACE CONDITIONS
Information pertaining to the existing surface conditions for the Project was gathered on March
16, 2013 by Michael Staten, geotechnical engineer with Envirotech.During the site visit,the type
of geotechnical investigation was assessed,and site features were documented that may influence
construction. This Surface Conditions Section provides information on general observations,
vegetation, topography, drainage and slope/ erosion conditions for the Project and surrounding
areas that may impact the Project.
2.1 General Observations
The property is accessed from an existing driveway west of Sunrise Road. Hood Canal/ Dabob
Bay are located about 2,000 feet to the east of the property. The parcel is currently partially
developed land, as previously mentioned. Beyond the property lines, rural residential
developments exist. Vegetation on and near the Project consists primarily of firs, and other trees
and shrubbery common to this area of the Pacific Northwest.
2.2 Topography
The topographic information provided in this section was extrapolated from a public lidar source,
and incorporated observations and field measurements. Where necessary, slope verification
included measuring slope lengths and inclinations with a cloth tape and inclinometer. See the Site
Map in Appendix A of this report for an illustration of general topography with respect to the
planned development.
Varying descending slope grades located to the west and southwest of the planned development
has an average grade of approximately 77%. The combined vertical relief of descending slope
grades exceeding 30% is approximately 180 feet, located to the southwest of southern boundary
line of the site.
Ascending grades are generally located to the southeast of the planned development. This slopes
vary from 38%-53%within 300 feet of the Project.
2.3 Surface Drainage and Water Bodies
Stormwater runoff originating upslope from the anticipated development is expected to be
minimal to moderate due to the accommodating topography. Excessive scour, erosion or other
indications of past drainage problems were not observed at or immediately near the planned
development.
There are no apparent water bodies or wetlands located upslope from the planned development
that would significantly influence the Project. Walkers Creek is located downslope from the
property at about 250 feet to the east.
2.4 Slope and Erosion Observations
The existing steep slopes near the Project signal a potential landslide or erosion hazard area.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 3 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
Some indicators that suggest past slope movements include:
• Old landslide activity on the northern lot
• Outwash of sediments near the bottom of the slope,
• Fissures, tension cracks or naturally stepped land masses on the face or top of the slope,
and parallel to the slope,
• Fine,saturated subsurface soils,
• Old landslide debris,
• Significant bowing or leaning trees,or,
• Slope sloughing or calving.
Significant mass wasting on the property or within the general vicinity of the Project were not
observed or discovered during research. Indications of past landslides, current unstable slopes,
deep-seated slope problems,or surficial slope failures were not observed during the site visit.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 4 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County, Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
3.0 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION
Information on subsurface conditions pertaining to the Project was primarily gathered on March
16,2013 by Michael Staten,geotechnical engineer with Envirotech. Other subsurface information
was obtained from geological maps and work by others. Specific information on field methods,
sampling, field testing, general geologic conditions, specific subsurface conditions, and results
from soil testing are presented in this section of the report. Appendix B of this report includes
pertinent information on subsurface conditions for the Project, such as subsoil cross-section(s),
test pit log(s), and water well report(s). Water well reports were utilized to estimate ground water
levels, and if sufficient, were used in identifying subsoil types. Additional well reports than what
is provided in this report may be available from Envirotech upon request. Applicable test pit
locations are depicted on the Site Plan provided in the appendix of this report.
3.1 Field Methods,Sampling and Field Testing
Information on subsurface conditions for the Project was accomplished by examining soils within
test pits extending to depths of up to 3 feet below the existing ground surface. Information on
subsurface conditions also included reviewing geological maps representing the general vicinity
of the project,and water well reports originating from nearby properties.
Soil samples were not obtained from this project. Envirotech measured the relative density of the
near-surface in-situ soils by gauging the resistance of hand tools. Within testing locations, field
testing results generally indicated medium dense to very dense soil or rock.
3.2 General Geologic Conditions
In general, soils at the project are composed of volcanic materials and material from glacial
advances. The geologic conditions as presented below,titled"Olympic Mountains," is an excerpt
from the"Geologic Map of Washington,"compiled by J.Eric Schuster, 2002. This geologic map
describes the area of this Project as,ITS,,Lower Tertiary(Oligocene-Paleocene).
Olympic Mountains
The Olympic Mountains,part of the Coast Flange..form the core of the
Olympic Peninsula.The oldest bedrock of the Olympic Mountains is the
lower Tertiary Crescent Formation, a thick sequence of submarine and
subaerial basalt flows with some interbedded siltstone and limestone.
During middle Tertiary subduction. lower Tertiary marine sediments
were continually thrust beneath the Crescent Formation_ Uplift of the
Olympic Mountains began when the wedge of underplated sediments
reached a critical thickness about 17 million years ago.Continental gla-
cial deposits mantle the east and northwest side of the Olympic Penin-
sula.
where the Fraser ice sheet split into the Juan de Fuca and Puget
lotus.Alpine glaciation carved the rugged peaks of the Olympic Range
and flooded much of the coastal lowland with meltwater carrying sand
and gravel.
According to the "Interactive Geologic Map, 1:100,000 Quadrangle," as depicted by the
Department of Natural Resources, this Project consists mostly of glacial till, Qgt and Eocene
volcanic rocks E%C). Glacial Till is usually described as"unsorted, unstratified, highly compacted
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 5 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders deposited by glacial ice of the Puget lobe; gray;
may contain interbedded stratified silt,and gravel; sand-size fraction is very angular and contains
abundant polycrystalline quartz, which distinguishes this unit from alpine till; cobbles and
boulders are commonly striated and (or) faceted; although unweathered almost everywhere, may
contain cobbles or small boulders of deeely weathered granitic rock."
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3.3 Specific Subsurface Conditions
The following subsurface conditions are estimated descriptions of the Project subgrade utilizing
information from the depth of penetration at all testing, sampling, observed and investigated
locations. Soils for this project were primarily described utilizing the Unified Soil Classification
System(USCS)and the Soil Conservation Service(SCS)descriptions.
The Project is currently composed of native soils without indications of borrowed fill. Within test
pit locations, soils within the upper 3 to 4 feet of natural ground were observed to be silty sand
with gravel (SM) or bedrock. Soils below the upper observed layer to a depth of terminous were
observed to be low moisture, silty sand with gravel(SM), locally known as hardpan. The hardpan
may extend to depths greater than 50 feet. This is based on nearby well reports, site geology,and/
or knowledge of the general area.
The relative densities of the soil within selected test pits are provided above in Section 3.1.
Expanded and specific subsurface descriptions, other than what is provided in this section, are
provided in the soil logs located in Appendix B of this report.
According to the "Soil Survey of Jefferson County," by the United States Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, the project site soils are described as TrF—Triton very
gravelly loam, 50 to 70 percent slopes and HrD—Hoodsport-Grove very gravelly sandy loarns, 0
to 30 percent slopes.
The upland site soils are delineated as TrF—Triton very gravelly loam, 50 to 70 percent slopes.
The soil designations are depicted in the aerial photograph below, and descriptions are provided
in Appendix B of this report.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 6 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
Project
Ass
I
PI i 7 1:.x.41
Soil Survey from USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
3.3.1 Groundwater
From the water well report(s) and knowledge of the general area, permanent groundwater
is at least 50 feet directly below the property at the building pad location. Perched
groundwater at shallow depths was not observed on-site, nor indicated on the well
reports. However, some groundwater is expected to flow directly above the hardpan
during some or all wet seasons.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 7 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax:360-275-4789 June 9,2013
4.0 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The following sections present engineering analysis and recommendations for the proposed
improvements of the Project. These recommendations have been made available based on the
planned improvements as outlined in the Introduction Section of this report; general observations
including drainage and topography as recapitulated in the Surface Conditions Section; and, soil/
geologic conditions that were identified from the geotechnical investigation that is summarized in
the Subsurface Investigation Section. Engineering analysis and recommendations for the Project
that is provided herein, includes pertinent information for building foundations, earthwork
construction, slope stability,erosion control,drainage,vegetation and seismic considerations.
4.1 Building Foundation Recommendations
Recommendations provided in this section account for the site development of a typical one- or
two-story, single family residential structure. The recommended allowable bearing capacities and
settlements as presented below, consider the probable type of construction as well as the field
investigation results by implementing practical engineering judgment within published
engineering standards. Evaluations include classifying site soils based on observed field
conditions and soil testing for this Project. After deriving conservative relative densities, unit
weights and angles of internal friction of the in-situ soils, the Terzhagi ultimate bearing capacity
equation was utilized for determining foundation width and depth. Stepped foundations are
acceptable, if warranted for this Project. Continuous, isolated, or stepped foundations shall be
horizontally level between the bottom of the foundation and the top of the bearing strata. The
frost penetration depth is not expected to extend beyond 12 inches below the ground surface for
this Project under normal circumstances and anticipated design features. The soils on-site have
low frost susceptible characteristics and should be used only to the extents provided in this report.
4.1.1 Bearing Capacity
Existing in-situ soils for this Project indicates that the structure can be established on
shallow, continuous or isolated footings. Foundations shall be established on relatively
undisturbed native soil. Alternatively, foundations may be constructed on selective re-
compacted native soil or compacted engineered fill as described in the Earthwork
Construction Recommendations Section of this report. For a bearing capacity
requirement of no more than 2000 psf, a minimum footing width of 15 inches shall be
placed at a minimum of 12 inches below the existing ground surface. Foundations
directly on bedrock do not require significant depth, but should be level, and anchored to
the rock per the structural engineer. Foundation recommendations are made available
based on adherence to the remaining recommendations that are provided in this report.
Alterations to the aforementioned foundation recommendations may be completed upon a
site inspection by a geotechnical engineer after the foundation excavation is completed.
4.1.2 Settlement
Total and differential settlement that a structure will undergo depends primarily on the
subsurface conditions, type of structure, amount and duration of pressure exerted by the
structure, reduction of pore water pressure, and in some instances, the infiltration of free
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 8 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County, Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
moisture. Based on the expected native soil conditions, anticipated development, and
construction abides by the recommendations in this report, the assumed foundation
system may undergo a maximum of 1.0 inch total settlement, and a maximum differential
settlement of 0.75 inch.
4.1.3 Concrete Slabs-on-Grade
Interior slabs, if utilized, should be supported on a minimum of 4 inches of compacted
coarse, granular material (Passing U.S. Sieve #10 or greater) that is placed over
undisturbed native subgrade or engineered fill. Native soils found at the Project site may
be suitable for use as material directly beneath concrete slabs if it meets the aforesaid
requirements or screened to meet these requirements. The top 2 to 4 inches of native soil
should be removed prior to the placement and compaction of the aforementioned 4-inch
coarse,granular material.
The recommendations for interior concrete slabs-on-grade as presented herein are only
relevant for the geotechnical application of this Project. Although beyond the scope of
geotechnical engineering, concrete slabs should also be designed for structural integrity
and environmental reliability. This may include some type of vapor barrier or moisture
control for mitigating excessive moisture in the building.
4.2 Lateral Earth Pressures
Retaining walls may be utilized for this Project. The lateral earth pressures exerted through the
backfill of a retaining wall are dependent upon several factors including height of retained soil
behind the wall, type of soil that is retained, degree of backfill compaction, slope of backfill,
surcharges,hydrostatic pressures,earthquake pressures,and the direction and distance that the top
of the wall moves. A structural or geotechnical professional should design retaining walls based
on specific conditions.
Soil parameters for the structural design of retaining walls may be estimated as 134 pounds per
cubic foot (pcf) and 118 pcf for engineered fill and native soils, respectively. The angle of
internal friction may be estimated as 36 degrees and 32 degrees for engineered fill and native
soils, respectively. These soil parameters are based on soil type and placement conforming to the
Earthwork Construction Recommendations Section in this report.
4.3 Earthwork Construction Recommendations
Founding material for building foundations shall consist of undisturbed native soils. Compacted
engineered fill or selective re-compacted native soils may be used to the extents provided in this
Earthwork Construction Recommendations Section. The following recommendations include
excavations,subgrade preparation,type of fill,and placement of fill for building foundations.
4.3.1 Excavation
Excavation is recommended to remove any excessive organic content or other deleterious
material, if present, beneath foundations and to achieve appropriate foundation depth.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 9 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
Additional sub-excavation will be required for this Project if the soils below the required
foundation depth are loose, saturated, or otherwise incompetent due to inappropriate land
disturbing, or excessive water trapped within foundation excavations prior to foundation
construction. All soils below the bottom of the excavation shall be competent, and
relatively undisturbed or properly compacted fill. If these soils are disturbed or deemed
incompetent, re-compaction of these soils below the anticipated footing depth is
necessary. Excavations shall be completely dewatered, compacted, and suitable before
placement of additional native soil, engineered fill or structural concrete. It is suggested
that foundation excavations are inspected by a geotechnical engineer or qualified
professional in order to assess the bearing material prior to the placement of structural
footings.
4.3.2 Placement and Compaction of Native Soils and Engineered Fill
For engineered fill or disturbed native soils that will be utilized as fill material directly
beneath foundations, observation and/ or geotechnical testing is required prior to
foundation construction. The following placement and compaction requirements are
necessary.
For disturbed native soils or engineered fill beneath foundations, limits of compacted or
re-compacted fill shall extend laterally from the bottom edge of the foundation at a rate of
one foot for each foot of compacted or re-compacted fill beneath the foundation. See the
illustration below.
F❑❑TING
COMPACTED
NATIVE SOILS
OR ENGINEERED I
FILL 4"„. .111111111
II UNDISTURBED SUBGRADEI
Both engineered fill and native soils used as compacted fill should be free of roots and
other organics, rocks over 6 inches in size, or any other deleterious matter. Engineered
fill should consist of the following gradation:
U.S.Standard Sieve %Finer(by weight)
6" 100
3" 60— 100
No.4 20—60
No.200 0-8
Table 1
Partical Size Distribution of Engineered Fill
Compaction shall be achieved in compacted lifts not to exceed 6 inches and 8 inches for
native soils and engineered fill, respectively. Each lift should be uniformly compacted to
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 10 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County, Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
at least 95% of the modified Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM D 1557) and within
3% of optimum moisture content. Each lift surface should be adequately maintained
during construction in order to achieve acceptable compaction and inter-lift bonding.
Temporary earth cuts and temporary fill slopes exceeding 4 feet in height should be
limited to a slope of 1.5:1 (horizontal:vertical). Utility trenches or other confined
excavations exceeding 4 feet should conform to OSHA safety regulations.
4.3.3 Retaining Wall Backfill
Native soils may be used as retaining wall backfill for this Project if the
recommendations below are followed. Backfill may also consist of engineered fill, as
presented in this report, or borrow material approved by a geotechnical engineer.
Compaction of these materials shall be achieved in compacted lifts of about 12 inches.
Each lift should be uniformly compacted to at least 85%, and no more than 90% of the
modified Proctor maximum dry density(ASTM D 1557). In addition, heavy construction
equipment should be at a distance of at least 1/2 the wall height. Over-compaction and
limiting heavy construction equipment should be prevented to minimize the risk of excess
lateral earth pressure on the retaining structure. Envirotech recommends that retaining
wall backfill is compacted with light equipment such as a hand-held power tamper. If
clean, coarse gravel soils are utilized as engineered fill, and surcharges will not influence
the retaining wall, compaction may be achieved by reasonably densifying granular soils
with construction equipment.
Backfill for the retaining wall should extend vertically from the top of the footing to the
proposed ground surface. The backfill should also extend horizontally from the back of
the retaining wall to at least 2 feet.Perforated drain pipe for retaining walls should have a
minimum diameter of 4 inches and direct water to an appropriate infiltration or outfall as
recommended in the Surface and Subsurface Drainage Section of this report. Coarse,
clean gravel(1 inch diameter) is recommended to be placed at least 24 inches around the
drain pipe in order to provide increased drainage capabilities.Non-woven geotextile filter
fabric designed to impede fine particles should be wrapped around the aforementioned
coarse gravel for reducing the potential of silt migration and clogging of the drain pipe.
4.3.4 Wet Weather Considerations
Due to the types of subsurface soils, additional provisions may be required during
prolonged wet weather. Every precaution should be made in order to prevent free
moisture from saturating the soils within excavations. If the bottom of excavations used
for footing placement changes from a moist and dense/hard characteristic as presented in
this report to muck or soft, saturated conditions, then these soils become unsuitable for
foundation bearing material. If this situation occurs, a geotechnical engineer should be
notified, and these soils should be completely removed and replaced with compacted
engineered fill or suitable native material as presented in this section.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 11 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
4.3.5 Building Pads
Building pads with fill of at least 12 inches deep should not be utilized for this Project
without further recommendations and construction inspection from a geotechnical
engineer.
4.4 Slope Stability
Landslides are natural geologic processes, and structures near slopes possess an inherent risk of
adverse settlement, sliding or structural damage due to these processes. Geotechnical engineering
cannot eliminate these risks for any site with sloping grades because gravity is constantly
inducing strain on the sloping soil mass. Excessive wet weather and/ or earthquakes will
exacerbate these strains. Geotechnical engineering considers excessive wet weather and `design'
earthquakes in order to provide an acceptable factor of safety for developing on or near sloping
terrain for the current conditions. These factors of safeties are based on engineering standards
such as defining engineering properties of the soil, topography, water conditions, seismic
acceleration and surcharges.
Surface sloughing or other types of surficial slope movements usually do not affect the deep-
seated structural capability of the slope. However, excessive and/or repeated surficial slope
movements, if not repaired, may represent a threat to the structural integrity of the slope. If this
situation does arise, the slope shall be inspected by a geotechnical engineer. Subsequently,
maintenance may be required in order to prevent the possibility of further surficial or deep seated
slope movements that may be damaging to life and property.
According to the Coastal Zone Atlas of Jefferson County, Washington,the Project is near terrain
labeled `Intermediate' regarding potential landslide activity. Historically, intermediate terrains
have no known landslides. However, this site is considered inherently hazardous due the existing
geology and/ or topography and previous report of landslide activity on the northern lot, and
additional analyses and recommendations concerning the slopes are presented herein. A Stability
Map from the Coastal Zone Atlas for the general area of this Project is provided below:
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 12 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
Project
Map from Washington State Department of Ecology Website
According to the Resource Map from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources
(DNR), the Project is within terrain labeled `highly erodible' relating to soils. In addition, DNR
did not indicated previous landslide activity near the Project.DNR labeled portions of this project
as medium and high slope instability with relation to slopes. This delineation is primarily
dependent upon slopes and convergence. Secondly, lithology and precipitation are modeled
within this delineation. In summary, this designation is based on mapping without field
observations or knowledge of the specific site geology or soils. A Resource Map from the DNR
Forest Practices Application Review System is provided below:
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 13 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
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Resource Map from Washington State Department of Natural Resources Website
4.4.1 Slope Stability Assessment and Analysis
The Simplified Bishop Method, utilizing `STABLE' software, was used to analyze the
static stability of the site slopes. Seismic conditions were estimated utilizing worst case
scenario values from the static analysis, a horizontal peak ground acceleration of 0.2g,
and applying the applicable values to STABLE software. Various radii's and center
points of the circle were automatically selected, and produced factor of safeties in a
graphical and tabular format. Worst case scenario values were used in the slope stability
analysis in regards to topography, surcharges, water content, internal friction and
cohesion of the site soils. STABLE software has been repeatedly checked with manual
calculations, and consistently proved to be a very conservative program. The following
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 14 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax:360-275-4789 June 9,2013
soil properties were used in the analysis, and are based on observed conditions, known
geology,and/or published parameters:
Top 4 feet of weathered soils
• Soil unit weight: 132 pcf
• Angle of internal friction: 32 degrees
• Cohesion: 0 psf
Soils below 4 feet
• Soil unit weight: 140 pcf
• Angle of internal friction: 40 degrees
• Cohesion: 400 psf
Based on the slope stability analysis, a minimum factor of safety within the area of
development was determined to be 1.5 relative to static slope failures, and 1.1 with
relation to seismic conditions. See the slope stability information in Appendix C for a
depiction of input parameters and example of outputs.
4.4.2 Building and Footing Setbacks
Provided that assumptions relating to construction occur and recommendations are
followed as presented in this report,the factor of safety for slope stability is sufficient for
a 30 feet footing setback from the face of the nearby descending slopes exceeding 30%.
The required setbacks may be reduced, if necessary, but shall include mitigation
recommendations from the geotechnical engineer.
4.5 Erosion
Based on the USCS description of the Project soils, the surface soils are considered moderate to
highly erodible. Both Jefferson County and DNR mapped the upper elevations of the property as
an erosion hazard. Temporary and/or permanent erosion control measures should be required for
site development. Extents of temporary erosion control will mostly depend on the timeliness of
construction,moisture content of the soil,and amount of rainfall during construction. Soil erosion
typical to the existing site conditions and planned disturbance of the Project include wind-borne
silts during dry weather and sediment transport during prolonged wet weather. Sediment transport
could be from stormwater runoff or tracking off-site with construction equipment.
4.6 Surface and Subsurface Drainage
Positive drainage should be provided in the final design for all planned residential buildings.
Drainage shall include sloping the ground surface, driveways and sidewalks away from the
Project structures. All constructed surface and subsurface drains should be adequately maintained
during the life of the structure. If drainage problems occur during or after construction, additional
engineered water mitigation will be required. This may include a combination of swales, berms,
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 15 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
drain pipes, infiltration facilities, or outlet protection in order to divert water away from the
structures to an appropriate protected discharge area.
Both footing perimeter drains and roof drains are required for this Project. Subsurface water
intercepted in the footing perimeter drains, and stormwater collected from roof drains shall be
separately tight-lined to an appropriate infiltration location that is at least 10 feet from a structure
and not encroaching building setbacks as provided in this report. Alternatively, roof water may
have an above ground outlet if tightlined to the toe of any critical slope exceeding 30%,the outlet
is within a natural drainage convergence, directly from the downspout if roof areas contributing
to the downspout is less than 700 sf. Energy dissipation is required at all above ground outlets.
Splash blocks are typically used for downspout drains, and 4 ft square by 12 inches deep quarry
spalls shall be used for tightlines.
4.6.1 Septic Drainfield Impacts
The approximate location of the proposed septic drainfield is presented on the Site Plan
in Appendix A of this report. Based on the septic drainfield location with relation to the
existing and proposed topography, the drainfields are not expected to adversely influence
the structures near the critical slopes. This is also based on compliance with the
recommendations in this report.
4.7 Vegetation Buffer and Considerations
Vegetation is an excellent measure to minimize surficial slope movements and erosion on slope
faces and exposed surfaces. By removing trees, the root strength is decreased over time, thereby
lowering the `apparent' cohesion of the soil. Transpiration is decreased, which results in
additional groundwater, increased pore water pressure and less cohesion/ friction of the soil
particles. Stormwater runoff also increases, and, fewer plants will create less absorption of the
force from raindrops,thereby creating the potential for erosion hazards.
Vegetation shall not be removed from the face of the steep slopes of at least 30%, or within a
distance of 5 feet beyond the top or toe of the slope. However, any tree deemed hazardous to life
or property shall be removed. If tree removal is necessary,then stumps and roots shall remain in
place, and the underbrush and soil shall remain undisturbed as much as possible. Any disturbed
soil shall be graded and re-compacted in order to restore the terrain similar to preexisting
conditions and drainage patterns.
4.8 Seismic Considerations and Liquefaction
Soils immediately below the expected foundation depth for this Project are generally Type D,
corresponding to the International Building Code(IBC)soil profiles. Soils below a depth of 5 feet
from the existing ground surface may be considered Type C. According to the IBC, the regional
seismic zone is 3 for this Project. The estimated peak ground acceleration ranges from 0.50g to
0.60g. This estimation is based on the United States Geological Survey(USGS)National Seismic
Hazard Project in which there is an estimated 2% probability of exceedance within the next 50
years.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 16 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax:360-275-4789 June 9,2013
There are no known faults beneath this Project. The nearest Class `A' or Class `B' fault to this
property is the Hood Canal Fault Zone, in which is approximately 2.5 miles to the east of this
Project. This information is based on the USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold Database for the
United States.
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4.8.1 Liquefaction
The potential for liquefaction is believed to be low for this Project. This is based, in part,
on the subsurface conditions such as soil characteristics and the lack of a permanent
shallow water table. Subgrade characteristics that particularly contribute to problems
caused from liquefaction include submerged, confined, poorly-graded granular soils (i.e.
gravel, sand, silt).Although gravel-and silt-sized soil particles could be problematic,fine
and medium grained sands are typically subjected to these types of seismic hazards. No
significant saturated sand stratifications are anticipated to be within the upper 50 feet of
the subsoil for this Project.
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
g g
PO Box 984 page 17 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax:360-275-4789 June 9,2013
5.0 CLOSURE
Based on the project information provided by the owner, the proposed development, and site
conditions as presented in this report, it is Envirotech's opinion that additional geotechnical
studies are not required to further evaluate this Project.
Due to the inherent natural variations of the soil stratification and the nature of the geotechnical
subsurface exploration, there is always a possibility that soil conditions encountered during
construction are different than those described in this report. It is not recommended that a
qualified engineer performs a site inspection during earthwork construction unless fill soils will
influence the impending foundation. However, if native,undisturbed subsurface conditions found
on-site are not as presented in this report,then a geotechnical engineer should be consulted.
This report presents geotechnical design guidelines, and is intended only for the owner, or
owners' representative,and location of project described herein. This report should not be used to
dictate construction procedures or relieve the contractor of his responsibility.
Any and all content of this geotechnical report is only valid in conjunction with the compliance of
all recommendations provided in this report. Semantics throughout this report such as `shall,'
`should' and `recommended' imply that the correlating design and/or specifications must be
adhered to in order to potentially protect life and/ or property. Semantics such as `suggested' or
`optional' refer that the associated design or specification may or may not be performed, but is
provided for optimal performance. The recommendations provided in this report are valid for the
proposed development at the issuance date of this report. Changes to the site other than the
expected development, changes to neighboring properties, changes to ordinances or regulatory
codes, or broadening of accepted geotechnical standards may affect the long-term conclusions
and recommendations of this report.
By developing the property and following the recommendations provided in this report, the
property owner(s) shall be required to acknowledge in writing the risks inherent in developing in
a geologic hazard area,to accept the responsibility of any adverse effects which may occur to the
subject property or other properties as a result of the development, and to agree to convey the
knowledge of this risk to persons purchasing the site by filing a notice on the property title.
The services described in this report were prepared under the responsible charge of Michael
Staten, a professional engineer with Envirotech. Michael Staten has appropriate education and
experience in the field of geotechnical engineering in order to assess landslide hazards,
earthquake hazards,and general soil mechanics.
Please contact Michael Staten at 360-275-9374 if you have any questions, comments, or require
additional information.
Sincerely,
Envirotech Engineering
it taten,P.E.
Geotechnical Engineer
Envirotech Engineering Erickson Geotechnical Investigation
PO Box 984 page 18 T25N R2W S3 QTR SE 1/4
Belfair,Washington 98528 Parcel 502 034 007
Ph. 360-275-9374 Jefferson County,Washington
Fax: 360-275-4789 June 9,2013
APPENDIX A
SITE PLAN
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APPENDIX B
SOIL INFORMATION
Jefferson County Area, Washington
TrF—Triton very gravelly loam, 50 to 70 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
• Mean annual precipitation: 55 to 65 inches
• Mean annual air temperature: 48 degrees F
• Frost-free period: 160 to 190 days
Map Unit Composition
• Triton and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Triton
Setting
• Landform: Mountain slopes
• Parent material: Basal till
Typical profile
• H1 - 0 to 13 inches: slightly acid,very gravelly loam
• H2 - 13 to 17 inches: moderately acid, extremely gravelly sandy loam
• H3 - 17 to 60 inches: strongly acid,very gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
• Slope: 50 to 70 percent
• Depth to restrictive feature: 12 to 20 inches to densic material
• Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to moderately low
(0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
• Depth to water table: About 11 to 18 inches
• Frequency of flooding: None
• Frequency of ponding:None
• Available water storage in profile: Very low(about 1.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
• Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
• Land capability classification(irrigated):None specified
• Land capability classification(nonirrigated): 7e
• Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Jefferson County Area, Washington
HrD—Hoodsport-Grove very gravelly sandy loams, 0 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
• Elevation: 50 to 500 feet
• Mean annual precipitation: 55 to 90 inches
• Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees F
• Frost-free period: 150 to 180 days
Map Unit Composition
• Hoodsport and similar soils: 45 percent
• Grove and similar soils: 45 percent
Description of Grove
Setting
• Landform: Plains,terraces
• Parent material: Glacial outwash
Typical profile
• H1 -0 to 12 inches: moderately acid,very gravelly sandy loam
• H2 - 12 to 27 inches: moderately acid,very gravelly coarse sand
• H3 -27 to 60 inches: slightly acid, gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
• Slope: 15 to 30 percent
• Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
• Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
• Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High(1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
• Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
• Frequency of flooding:None
• Frequency of ponding: None
• Available water storage in profile: Very low(about 2.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
• Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
• Land capability classification(irrigated):None specified
• Land capability classification(nonirrigated): 4e
• Hydrologic Soil Group: A
• Other vegetative classification: Unnamed(G001XY402WA)
Description of Hoodsport
Setting
• Landform: Terraces
• Parent material: Basal till
Typical profile
• H1 - 0 to 6 inches: strongly acid, very gravelly sandy loam
• H2 - 6 to 28 inches: strongly acid, very gravelly sandy loam
• 1-13 - 28 to 60 inches: strongly acid,very gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
• Slope: 0 to 15 percent
• Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to densic material
• Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to moderately low
(0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
• Depth to water table: About 19 to 36 inches
• Frequency of flooding:None
• Frequency of ponding:None
• Available water storage in profile: Very low(about 1.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
• Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
• Land capability classification(irrigated): None specified
• Land capability classification(nonirrigated): 4e
• Hydrologic Soil Group: B
• Other vegetative classification: Unnamed(G001XY302WA)
TEST PIT LOG
TEST PIT NUMBER TP-1
PROJECT: Erickson Geotechnical Report DATE OF LOG: 3/16/2013
PROJECT NO: 1453 LOGGED BY: MCS
CLIENT: Linda Erickson EXCAVATOR: N/A
LOCATION: Parcel 502 034 007 DRILL RIG: None
Jefferson County, Washington ELEVATION: N/A
INITIAL DEPTH OF WATER: N/A FINAL DEPTH OF WATER: N/A
SOIL STRATA, STANDARD PENETRATION TEST
DEPTH SAMPLERS USCS DESCRIPTION LL PI CURVE
AND TEST DATA DEPTH N 10 30 50
-0
SM Brown, moist SILTY SAND with gravel,
medium dense. Gravel is well-graded
and subrounded. Sand is medium and
- 1 coarse. Non-plastic.
Some gravel,very low moisture,
increasing density with depth
=3
hardpan
Excavation terminated at approximately
4 3.5 feet
-- 5
=- 6
7
=- 8
=- 9
=- 10
No Groundwater Encountered ENVIROTECH ENGINEERING
This information pertains only to this boring and should not be Geotechnical Engineering
interpreted as being indicitive of the entire site.
124922 /
File Original with WATER WELL REPORT Notice of Intent
Department of Ecology
UNIQUE WELL I L986
Second Copy Owner's Copy STATE OF WASHINGTON Y
Lm Third ,
d Copy-Drillers Copy 0/n /IC Water Right Permit No
0 V�� yJ
O.
(1) OWNER: Name Michael Boling Address 1113 Black Point RdErinnon, Wa 98320
CZ
(2) LOCATION OF WELL:County Jefferson SE 1/4 SE 1/4 Sec _125N N R 2 WWM WM
ti (2a) STREET ADDRESS OF WELL.(or nearest address)
TAX PARCEL NO Tract 11 Canal View Highlands
H
(3) PROPOSED USE: =Domestic ❑ Industrial ❑ Municipal (10) WELL LOG or DECOMMISSIONING PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION
+.+ ❑ Irrigation ❑ Test Wet ❑ Other Formation Describe by color,character,size of matenal and structure,and
C ❑ DeWater the kind and nature of the matenal in each stratum penetrated,with at least
G (4) TYPE OF WORK: Owner's number of well(rf more than one) one entry for each change of information Indicate at water encountered
= MX New Well Method MATERIAL FROM TO
❑ Deepened ❑ Dug ❑ Bored
0 ❑ Reconditioned ❑ Cable ❑Dnven :• •- •- • - .i." 0 38
03 ❑ Decommission ❑ Rotary ❑ Jetted _,,_
� _J lttlP too l9 i
E (5) DIMENSIONS: Diameter of well 6" inches _ •••_. •- Ell ••
ODnled378 feet Depth of completed welt 378 ft ,, • iii ,11111M1. 111
tC (6) CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Casing Installed: /1
W =Melded _ix Diam from 1/Y. ft to /9,9 ft e2�
•C ❑ Liner installed a Diam from ft to ft -
❑ Threaded Diam from ft to ft •
sV 11111111gniEll °
0 -
V Perforations: ids O No -_.•__ 258 270
C Type of perforator used Star • Hard ay 270 280
SIZE of perforations 1" in by " m " Medium Gray 280 283 at ia 38 41 Hard Gra y 283 288
perforations from ft to ft " • 288 308
O '
,��.
W Screens: ❑Yes XXNo ❑K-Pac Location • 8 316
Manufacturer Manufacturer's Name 4i�•- -u •°_ 316 331
++ Type Model No z-_s• E 34'
+a Dram Slot Size from it to ft ,i-• 1tt ' 4' 59
CDiam Slot Size from ft to ft 111111111=11 •
I.
Gravel/Filter packed: ❑Yes lto ❑Size of gravelsand • u,c.• ut
eV Matenal placed from ft to ft Gray 366 372
A 4.=•.• ill _ -\
H Surface seal: )mss ❑No To what depth? ft
Q Matenal used in seal 9P_ntonite RE C E N V' ' I.
Z Did any strata contain unusable water" ❑Yes ❑MX
H Type of water? Depth of strata DEC 6 U
a Method of sealing strata off L 4 u i
0
(7) PUMP: Manufacturer's Name DEPARTMENT tit tG LOG`
Type H P WELL OR)LUN`t MT
CD /tfd !'a..irtrJ
C (8) WATER lleveEVELS:1Land surface elevation above mean sea level ft 01
Q 14 ft below top of well Date
l0-11-01 work started 9-?5-01 Completed 10-10-01
V Artesian pressure lbs per square inch Date
W Artesian water is controlled by
,16.- (Cap,valve,etc) WELL CONSTRUCTION CERTIFICATION.
■G (9) WELL TESTS: Drawdown is amount water level is lowered below static level I constructed and/or accept responsibility for construction of this well,and its
'+-+ com Nance with all Washington well construction standards Materials used
Was a pump test made? ❑Yes)OCT* If yes,by whom? p
and the information reported above are true to my best knowledge and belief
Yield nal/min with ft drawdown atter hrs Dave Maberry 1717
EYield gal/min with ft drawdown after hrs Type or Pnnt Name License No ,
1 Yield gal/min with ft drawdown after hrs (Licensed DnIler/Engineer)
as Recovery data(time taken as zero when pump turned off)(water level measured from
Q well top to water level) Trainee Name License No
Q •
Time Water Level Time Water Level Time Water Level Drilling' • , •••' 8 ill
a (Signed d .. - . . iii_ „• . License No 1717
(License.Drilled/.tile-
= Date of test Address P.O. Box 88 Brinnon, Wa 98320
Bader test gal/mm with ft drawdown after hrs Contractor's
Airtest / gal/mm with 364 ft drawdown afters—hrs Registration No Brinngcol2c5 Date 10-21-01
Artesian flow own m Date 1n-11-01
Temperature of water 5j0° Was a chemical analysis made? ❑Yes ❑No (USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS IF NECESSARY)
Ecology is an Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action employer For special
ECY 050-1-20(11/98) accommodation needs,contact the Water Resources Program at(360)407- .
6600 The TDD number is(360)407-6006
APPENDIX C
SLOPE STABILITY
STABLE Slope Stability Analysis System
New User
Project : Erickson
Datafile: dynamic : Bishop
STABLE Version 9.03.00u
Bishop
**********************************************************
TITLE
dynamic
**********************************************************
UNITS (Metric/Imperial) = I
**********************************************************
GEOMETRY DEFINITION
POINTS
NO. X Y
1 0.000 0.000
2 50.000 -15.000
3 150.000 -25.000
4 200.000 -75.000
5 0.000 -4.000
6 50.000 -19.000
7 150.000 -29.000
8 200.000 -79.000
9 20.000 -6.000
10 28.420 -8.530
11 36.840 -11.050
12 45.260 -13.580
13 53.680 -15.370
14 62.110 -16.210
15 70.530 -17.050
16 78.950 -17.890
17 87.370 -18.740
18 95.790 -19.580
19 104.210 -20.420
20 112.630 -21.260
21 121.050 -22.110
22 129.470 -22.950
23 137.890 -23.790
24 146.320 -24.630
25 154.740 -29.740
26 163.160 -38.160
27 171.580 -46.580
28 180.000 -55.000
LINES
Lo X Hi X SOIL
1 2 1
2 3 1
3 4 1
5 6 2
6 7 2
7 8 2
**********************************************************
SOILS
SOIL NAME LINETYPE-PEN COHESION FRICTION UNIT WT.
STABLE92002 MZAssociates Ltd Printed on: 10/06/14 @ 12:47:23 Page: 1
STABLE Slope Stability Analysis System
New User
Project : Erickson
Datafile: dynamic : Bishop
1 Soil_l CONTINUOUS-BLACK 0.00 32.0 132.000
2 Soil_.2 CONTINUOUS-BLUE 400.00 40.0 140.000
**********************************************************
PORE PRESSURE SPECIFICATION
SOIL PIEZO RU EXCESS
Y/N/P Value Value
1 N 0.000 0.000
2 N 0.000 0.000
PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE
POINT
POINT PORE PRESSURES
POINT PRESSURE
**********************************************************
SLIP DIRECTION (+/- X) = +
**********************************************************
SLIP-CIRCLES
AUTOMATIC
Circle Centre Grid Extremities
160.000
***************
* *
20.000 * * 180.000
* *
***************
0.000
X spacing -- no. of cols (max 10)= 10
Y spacing -- no. of rows (max 20)= 20
Grid 1 Circles through point 9
Grid 2 Circles through point 10
Grid 3 Circles through point 11
Grid 4 Circles through point 12
Grid 5 Circles through point 13
Grid 6 Circles through point 14
Grid 7 Circles through point 15
Grid 8 Circles through point 16
Grid 9 Circles through point 17
Grid 10 Circles through point 18
Grid 11 Circles through point 19
Grid 12 Circles through point 20
Grid 13 Circles through point 21
Grid 14 Circles through point 22
STABLE92002 MZAssociates Ltd Printed on: 10/06/14 @ 12:47:23 Page: 2
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