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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix L1 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017 “RMG” RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GROUP In Association With: BLACK ROCK, LLC MERRYMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, LLC VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN PLEASANT HARBOR MASTER PLANNED RESORT JULY 19, 2017 PREPARED FOR: STATESMAN CORPORATION C/O GARTH MANN 7370 SIERRA MORENA BOULEVARD SOUTHWEST CALGARY, ALBERTA T3H4H9 CANADA 01/09/2018 | Page 1 of 38 2 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017 PLEASANT HARBOR MASTER PLANNED RESORT VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction / Purpose 2.0 Governing Document Hierarchy 3.0 Vegetation Management Practices (VMP’s) 3.1 VMP #1 / View Maintenance 3.2 VMP #2 / Fire Safety 3.3 VMP #3 / Slope Stability 3.4 VMP #4 / Noxious Plant Removal 3.5 VMP #5 / Removal of Danger Trees 4.0 Sensitive Area Restrictions 5.0 Chemical Application, Removal, and Spill Cleanup 6.0 Monitoring Methods 7.0 Summary / Conclusion 8.0 Appendix: “Forest Report, Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort” 01/09/2018 | Page 2 of 38 3 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017 1.0 INTRODUCTION / PURPOSE Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort is situated on approximately 257 acres in the Pleasant Harbor and Black Point areas on the west side of Hood Canal. The finished resort complex will consist of a 9-hole championship golf course, residential housing, marina and maritime village. The Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort (MPR) proposal was the subject of programmatic environmental review associated with a Jefferson County action to amend their Comprehensive Plan to designate the Pleasant Harbor and Black Point areas, south of the town of Brinnon, as a Master Planned Resort. The Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners (BoCC) imposed thirty conditions of approval on the Comprehensive Plan amendment, as set forth in Ordinance No. 01-0128-08. Current project level environmental review effort requires demonstrating compliance with these 30 conditions. Five of the conditions relate to preparation of this Vegetation Management Plan. The five conditions address general and specific issues as they pertain to the health and condition of vegetation on the Pleasant Harbor / Black Point site. The conditions also address potential effects that may result from development of the site both during the construction phase and forward into the future. In addition to assisting in management of vegetation in general, this Vegetation Management Plan supports the Pleasant Harbor Wildlife Management Plan1 report in a variety of ways by means of encouraging the long term viability and functional nature of coniferous and deciduous forest communities and other wildlife supportive attributes found on the Pleasant Harbor / Black Point area. The “Forest Report, Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort”, hereinafter referenced as the “Forest Report” is attached to this Vegetation Management Plan. The “Forest Report” describes current existing conditions of forested areas located on the property (see Appendix). 2.0 GOVERNING DOCUMENT HEIRACHY Per the Jefferson County Department of Community Development, the hierarchy of consideration when evaluating vegetation management is as follows. 2 Legal, governing documents 1. Any applicable Federal and State Laws. 2. Jefferson County Critical Area Ordinance (CAO) and CAO maps. 3. Jefferson County BoCC Ordnance 01-0128-08 4. Other Local area agreements and requirements (if any). Other essentials:  Jefferson County Noxious Weed Control Board (NWCB) Fact Sheets www.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeedBoard/  National Fire Protection Organization’s Firewise Communities website http://www.firewise.org/ 1 Jennifer L. Dadisman and Joseph O. Callaghan, Wildlife Management Plan, Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort, Geo-Engineers Technical Report File 12677-001-12 2 Teal Lake Village Homeowners Association, Comprehensive Vegetation Management Plan, Copy furnished by Jefferson County DCD. (http://www.plsbca.org/teal/2016-TLV-Vegetation-Management- Plan.pdf) 01/09/2018 | Page 3 of 38 4 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017  “Plant Selection Guide”, contained within Washington State Department of Ecology (DOE) Publication Number 9330 titled “Slope Stabilization and Erosion control Using Vegetation” https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/9330.pdf  “Vegetation Management: A guide for Puget Sound Bluff Property Owners” contained within Publication Number 9331 https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/9331.pdf 3.0 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (VMP’s) 3.1 VMP #1 / Alteration for View Maintenance Where it may be desirable to remove or trim trees for view maintenance, it is strongly encouraged to:  Consider selective removal to establish view corridors. A view that is framed by trees is usually considered more desirable than one where all trees are removed. Denuding large areas of trees can create drainage, slope stability, and aesthetic problems, and will therefore not be allowed.  Look to other means to maintain a view including thinning, windowing, or selective limb removal.  Refrain from topping trees as it will necessitate ongoing maintenance, may weaken the tree and doing so may present a safety concern. 3.2 VMP #2 / Alteration for Fire Safety  Addressing fire safety concerns by means of altering vegetation on areas within the Pleasant Harbor MPR area shall give weight to recommendations from the National Fire Protection Association’s Firewise Program (www.firewise.org) Among many suggestions for protection of lives and property, it recommends that within a minimum distance of 30 feet surrounding dwellings, vegetation should consist of native fire resistant shrubs, grasses, and other plantings, or be controlled by maintained cutting to a level of four to six inches, and debris should be removed from the area.  In some timbered portions of the Pleasant Harbor property “Fuel Ladder” issues exist where thick and tall understory vegetation provides a burn route that often will enable a forest fire to reach the upper canopy limbs of dominant trees. Should a forest fire occur in this situation, it is far more likely to be catastrophic in its effect on the vegetation community in which it occurs. Forested areas of the property should be inventoried for this situation and evaluated for understory preventative treatment where prudent. 3.3 VMP #3 / Alteration for Slope Stability  Any alteration of vegetation within an area considered a “Critical Area” due to natural characteristics and/or inclusion on the Jefferson County Critical Area Map shall be done in compliance with the Jefferson County Critical Area Ordinance (CAO).  If the area in question lies within a mapped critical area or exhibits critical area characteristics and the owner desires to verify or disprove critical area status, the owner must at their own cost, hire a licensed engineering geologist to assess such status. After review by the licensed engineering geologist the ownership may bring geologist’s 01/09/2018 | Page 4 of 38 5 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017 report of findings to the Department of Community Development (DCD) and request a change in the Critical Area Map. 3.4 VMP #4 / Alteration for Noxious Weed Removal  Noxious weed control or removal should follow BMP guidelines as described by the Jefferson County NWCB’s “Fact Sheet” for each type of weed addressed (see web links below).  Should chemical treatment of weeds be selected as a method of treatment it shall adhere to all required stipulations for use as found in Federal, State, and local regulations (refer to Plan Section 5.0 “Chemical Application, Removal, and Spill Cleanup” for additional information).  Many web sites offer additional information on control of Noxious Weeds as well as documentation on chemical recommendations and use requirements. Below are links to two Jefferson County’s sites featuring additional information on noxious weeds. www.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeedBoard/ http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/WeedBoard/pdfs/Weed_List.pdf 3.5 VMP #5 / Alteration for Tree Hazard Management  Definition of a Hazard Tree: A tree may be considered potentially hazardous if it is situated in an area frequented by people or is located adjacent to valuable facilities. A tree becomes more dangerous if it has defects in its roots, bole (trunk), or branches that may cause or accelerate failure resulting in property damage, personal injury or death.3 Remember also that a tree without any identifiable defect may, by simple proximity, be dangerous in natural situations such as a severe wind event. The degree of hazard varies with size of the tree and the defect type and location within the tree’s structure. Site managers must be aware of these issues, know how to recognize and evaluate them, and be diligent in correcting or mitigating potential damage. Conscientious assessment and abatement would make the site safer and more enjoyable.4  The Jefferson County Shoreline Master Program definition of a hazard tree reads as follows: “Hazard tree” means any tree that presents a risk to persons or property due to a high probability of falling in the near future because of a debilitating disease, a structural defect, a root ball significantly exposed, or having been exposed to wind throw within the past 10 years. Hazardous trees include, but are not limited to, conditions where a permanent, primary structure or appurtenant or accessory structure is within one and one-half tree lengths of the base of the trunk. Where not immediately apparent to the administrator, the hazard tree determination shall be made after review of a report prepared by a certified arborist or forester.5 3 G.W. Wallis, D. J. Morrison, D. W. Ross, Tree Hazards In Recreational Sites In British Columbia, Management Guidelines, (B.C. Ministry of Environment and Parks, Canadian Forest Service, Joint Report No. 13, 1987), p6. 4 Ibid, p6 5 Jefferson County SMP Update, Chapter 18.25, Article II. 01/09/2018 | Page 5 of 38 6 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017  It is important to note that regulatory jurisdictions sometimes vary in their requirement for maximum distance between tree base and structure. In particular, in individual cases on steep hills and in high wind exposure areas, it may be prudent to increase the setback distance from tree base to target to assure adequate protection from falling trees. In areas heavily used by people, it may also be prudent to evaluate hazard exposure levels, irrespective of the presence or lack of structures.  Hazard Trees and Associated Liabilities: Any tree could present some degree of hazard no matter how sound it might appear. Prudence should rule when public safety is potentially at risk. Wind, weather, gravity, time, disease, insects; all these threats are continuous in their attack on sound and secure trees. Another adversary of sound tree structure and safety is the natural process of maturation that all trees go through, some species being more long lived than others. These influences all interact to increase the likelihood of failure. The extent of liability depends in large part on the preventative actions of the management team. Negligent acts or omission are simply not acceptable. Managers must be proactive and responsible to actively minimize hazard and reduce danger. For additional information regarding tree hazards present on site, methods of treatment, and a straightforward tree hazard danger rating system to help less experienced observers initially come to terms with hazard tree issues, please refer to the “Forest Report” (see Appendix). 4.0 SENSITIVE AREA RESTRICTIONS Streams, Wetlands, Cultural sites, Shorelines, and other identified areas of note shall be protected in compliance with all Federal, Washington State, Jefferson County, and other applicable local requirements. 5.0 CHEMICAL APPLICATION, REMOVAL AND SPILL CLEANUP Any use of chemicals for purposes of this Vegetation Management Plan shall be done in strict accordance with applicable rules, regulations, and label directions. Chemical spill and cleanup information can be obtained from the following links: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/spills/other/reportaspill.htm https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-incidents/how-report-spills-and-environmental-violations 6.0 VEGETATION MONITORING METHODS The following are suggested as methods for assessment of vegetation health and condition in the Pleasant Harbor MPR project. Situation Response Reports will from time to time be communicated by visitors, and residents or employees indicating something may have occurred impacting vegetation in the MPR area. This communication can take many forms, from casual reports and comments to more formal 01/09/2018 | Page 6 of 38 7 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017 observation by employees and others with more specific responsibility. Encourage employees and others to report things when they see them. Repetitive Point Monitoring To identify slower less observable changes in vegetation health, competition, occurrence of invasive and noxious species, and other challenges; it is suggested repetitive monitoring be established in such a way so it may provide evidence of unhurried modifications that occur over time and are sometimes difficult to track.  One helpful method used to identify slow change would be to establish photo points at which an inventory of scope and frequency of issues (or the lack of issues) can be evidenced by repetitive photo records. Using a time interval ranging from monthly to quarterly to annually depending on potential concerns would work well to help trigger timely problem recognition and resolution should a problem arise.  An example of an ongoing issue already occurring on the Pleasant Harbor property is the ever increasing occurrence of laminated Root Rot (Phellinus sulphurascens (Pilat) [formerly Phellinus weirii (Murr.)Gilb. Douglas-fir form]. This pathogen affects trees slowly by spreading out in an ever increasing circle via transmission through root grafts underground. The slow spread of disease would be more easily apparent on annual photographs from the same point.  Another example of the use of pictures would be to photograph the Highway 101 roadside areas passing through the Pleasant Harbor area. Changes would be recorded and without difficulty, tracked to identify vegetation degradation or improvement over time.  As a side note, additional benefit may be possible in using photo recording points to track Resort Complex development creating a historical legacy in future times. Single occurrence sample inventory  Single occurrence measurement quantifies any number of samples of a condition or conditions at a specific time, such as at season end or beginning or after a specific event has occurred. It can be used to measure such conditions as stocking levels in tree stands, disease occurrence, or an infestation of noxious and/or invasive species within a particular forest area. Necessary plots would be measured and results tabulated in a single sampling event rather than over a broader time period. Establishing a baseline  To measure change between repetitive sample occurrences, an effective baseline is required from which change can be calculated with each new sampling effort. It is anticipated that the “Forest Report” (see Appendix) can provide the first baseline from which to measure subsequent improvements in vegetation vigor and health in all parts of the Pleasant Harbor / Black Point areas of the Pleasant Harbor MPR site. 01/09/2018 | Page 7 of 38 8 Pleasant Harbor MPR Vegetation Management Plan / July 19, 2017 7.0 SUMMARY / CONCLUSION This Vegetation Management Plan shall serve as a roadmap for achieving and maintaining a desired future condition. Current conditions presented in the “Forest Report” provide necessary information regarding the current state of vegetation on the Pleasant Harbor MPR site (see Appendix). When current condition maps are overlain with the footprint of the proposed MPR development the site management team can begin working to formulate specific operational prescriptions. These prescriptions, using methods and treatments most appropriate to the site, will in turn provide a pathway towards ultimate vegetation goals and objectives established following the guidelines presented by the BoCC in Ordinance No. 01-0128-08. The vegetation management team would vary in its makeup from time to time, depending on the planning and specific development activity best suited at each juncture of the project planning sequence. Appropriate professionals from such disciplines as Forestry, Arboriculture, Horticulture, and Landscape Architecture would be consulted as needed. 8.0 APPENDIX: “Forest Report, Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort” 01/09/2018 | Page 8 of 38 “RMG” RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GROUP In Association With: BLACK ROCK, LLC MERRYMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, LLC FOREST REPORT ORIGINAL REPORT DRAFT SUBMITTED FOR JEFFERSON COUNTY REVIEW IN AUGUST 2009 Appendix to the VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort July 19, 2017 PREPARED FOR: STATESMAN CORPORATION C/O GARTH MANN 7370 SIERRA MORENA BOULEVARD SOUTHWEST CALGARY, ALBERTA T3H4H9 CANADA 01/09/2018 | Page 9 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 LOCATION OF DEVELOPMENT 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED MASTER PLANNED RESORT (MPR) 4.0 PROPOSED SCOPE OF SERVICE BY LOCATION 4.1 Maritime Village 4.1.1 Maritime Commercial 4.1.2 Maritime Residential 4.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort 5.0 METHODOLOGY 5.1 Paper and Document Inventory Review / Historical Review 5.2 Field Work, Reconnaissance & Photography 5.2.1 Maritime Village Commercial/Residential 5.2.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort 6.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS 6.1 Maritime Village 6.1.1 Maritime Commercial 6.1.2 Maritime Residential 6.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort 6.1.1 Black Point Sub-units Defined 6.2.1 Sub-Area Size Calculation and Distribution 7.0 DISCUSSION 7.1 Maritime Village (Commercial and Residential) 7.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 01/09/2018 | Page 10 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION Resource Management Group (RMG) is an association of companies and individuals, each specializing in supplying support services to their client’s site development efforts. One area of expertise where RMG provides solutions and support for client needs is in Forest and Forestry related issues. RMG was initially contacted by Craig Peck, P.E. for the Statesman Corporation project at Pleasant Harbor. In this contact, RMG was asked to evaluate the existing forest communities associated with the Pleasant Harbor MPR project and document their overall condition. 2.0 LOCATION OF DEVELOPMENT The Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort (MPR) development is located on the eastern side of the Olympic Peninsula and adjacent to the western shore of Hood Canal. It occupies a portion of Sections 15 and 22 in Township 25 north, Range 2 west (of the Willamette Meridian). The proposal area is situated near the southeastern corner of Jefferson County, WA and fronts on Highway 101. It lies approximately 4 miles south of the small town of Brinnon. Figure 1 / General area map showing fifty mile radius surrounding Pleasant Harbor MPR 01/09/2018 | Page 11 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 4 The Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort (MPR) project referred to in this study covers a land area of approximately 257 Acres. This area is part of the East Olympic and Hood Canal River Basins and the Skokomish-Dosewallips Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA16). A majority of the project acreage is located on Black Point which forms a peninsula into Hood Canal, with its southern edge bordering the Dosewallips River delta and bounded on the north by the Pleasant Harbor Marina area. This acreage consists of many low lying hills, ravines and glacial kettles. The site has been used for many years as a recreational vehicle (RV) and campsite resort and contains many developed roads, RV pads, utilities, restrooms and RV septic dumping facilities. The remainder of the project site consists of the Pleasant Harbor Marina and closely associated upland property. These areas are quite active at present with the following permitted uses:  Marina with multiple docks and boat slips  Marina-associated support structures including a restaurant and small grocery  One large single family detached home  Bed and Breakfast business  Real Estate office 3.0 DESCRIPTION of PROPOSED MASTER PLANNED RESORT (MPR) The Statesman Corporation intends to develop a mixed use Master Planned Resort on their Pleasant Harbor property. The project would consist of two areas of endeavor: developing a Maritime Village on property that overlooks the harbor area, and developing a golf course and golf resort on the 204 acres of the Black Point Peninsula. The MPR proposal was the subject of programmatic environmental review associated with a Jefferson County action that amended their Comprehensive Plan to designate the Pleasant Harbor and Black Point areas, south of the town of Brinnon, as a Master Planned Resort (MPR). The Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners (BoCC) imposed 30 conditions of approval on the Comprehensive Plan amendment, as set forth in Ordinance No. 01-0128-08. The current project-level environmental review effort requires demonstrating compliance with these 30 conditions, five of which relate to preparation of this Forestry Report: a. [The SEIS shall include] an analysis of environmental impacts to be based on science and data pertinent to the Brinnon site. s. The developer will ensure that natural greenbelts will be maintained on U.S. Highway 101 and as appropriate on the shoreline. Statesman shall record a conservation easement protecting greenbelts and buffers to include, but not be limited to a 200 foot riparian buffer along the steep bluff along the south Canal shoreline, the strip of mature trees between U.S 101 and the Maritime Village, wetlands and wetland buffers. Easements shall be perpetual and irrevocable recordings dedicating the property as natural forest land buffers. Statesman at its expense shall manage these easements including removing, when appropriate, naturally fallen trees and replanting to retain a natural visual separation of the development from Highway 101. 01/09/2018 | Page 12 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 5 u. In keeping with the MPR designation as located in a setting of natural amenities, and in order to satisfy the requirements of the Shoreline Master Program (JCC 18.15.135[1][2][6]), the greenbelts of the shoreline should be retained and maintained as they currently exist in order to provide for screening of facilities and amenities so that all the uses within the MPR are harmonious with each other, and in order to incorporate and retain, as much as feasible, the preservation of natural features, historic sites and public views. In keeping with the Comprehensive Plan Land Use policy 24.9, the site plan for the MPR shall be designed to blend with the natural setting and to the maximum extent possible, screen the development and its impacts from the adjacent rural areas. Evergreen trees and understory should remain as undisturbed as possible. Statesman shall infill plants where appropriate with indigenous trees and shrubs. v. In keeping with an approved landscaping and grading plan, and in order to satisfy the intent of JCC 18.15.135(6) and with special emphasis at the Maritime Village, the buildings will be constructed and placed in such a way that they will blend into the terrain and landscape with park-line greenbelts between the buildings. w. Construction of the MPR buildings will be completed in a manner that strives to preserve trees that have a diameter of 10 inches or more at breast height. An arborist will be consulted and the ground staked and flagged to ensure roots and surrounding soil of significant trees are protected during construction. To the extent possible, trees of significant size (10 inches or more in diameter at breast height [DBH]) that are removed during construction shall be made available with their root wads intact for possible use in salmon recovery. 4.0 PROPOSED SCOPE OF SERVICE (by Location) RMG’s support service proposal made to Statesman Corporation was designed to evaluate forest health and identify hazardous trees (where applicable) in the Maritime Village Commercial and Residential areas, as well as in the Black Point Golf Resort area. Within the Maritime Village, condition of trees within the 200 foot shoreline buffer was also evaluated. This initial survey of forest health would then serve future operational needs as a precursor to more advanced stages of planning, permitting and development. The forest evaluation was also an early step in a course of action designed to comply with the five applicable Jefferson County BoCC conditions listed above in Section 3.0 as “Conditions of Approval; a, s, u, v, and w”. 4.1 Maritime Village 4.1.1 Maritime Commercial a) Conduct an initial assessment of trees and of the distribution and health of “significant trees” at least 10 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH) and larger, by sub-area within the existing and future development areas of the Maritime commercial site. b) Identify specific pathological issues and impacts present on the site, the future impact of those issues and impacts on the proposed development, and their potential to affect the MPR project in its ability to comply with BoCC conditions of approval. c) Identify the variety of types of mechanical trauma or stress that has occurred to individual trees on the site, the future impact of trauma and stress issues on the proposed MPR development, 01/09/2018 | Page 13 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 6 and the potential effect those issues may have on the MPR project’s ability to comply with BoCC conditions of approval. d) Review historical items relative to the forest on the site, including the overall health of the existing forest in this area and what effect prior and current uses may have on future forest health. e) Locate, categorize, and photograph specific examples of the identified issues including significant trees as defined by Jefferson County criteria. f) Identify hazard/danger trees. g) Discuss potential operations and activities that may be necessary in mitigation of tree health and safety issues. h) Conduct an overall assessment of existing site and slope conditions and discuss appropriate methods for removal of dangerous trees. i) Suggest suitable Silvicultural methods for improving the existing forest environment including potential to enhance the future MPR development vegetated areas by planting additional or replacement indigenous trees and shrubs. 4.1.2 Maritime Residential a) Review issues presented by a combination of future waterfront activity and development, steep slopes and well defined upland areas. b) Complete a similar review as described for the Commercial area with sub-areas uniquely identified within the Maritime Residential area. c) Identify various timber type groups present and identify both on vertical aerial imagery and by use of individual photos taken from ground level. d) Discuss observations regarding impacts from past activity on the site and recommendations made similar to above. 4.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort The scope of work in this area covers not only forest health but the overall impact to the site from prior timber harvest activities as well as impact to the areas disturbed by the activities of the Black Point Campground. RMG will review the history of the site, give a description of specific activities in various areas over time, and the types of impacts the site has been subjected to. This will be in contrast to the current status of the forest. Specific areas having received varying impact levels will be segregated and identified. RMG will discuss various treatment and development options as well as considerations regarding erosion control, native or leave areas (buffers), and potential nursery set aside areas, wetlands and development with restoration. 5.0 METHODOGY 5.1 Paper and Document Inventory Review / Historical Review RMG conducted a review of the existing documentation provided to them by Mr. Craig Peck, P.E. of Craig A. Peck & Associates. This included information from GeoEngineers, historical maps and information about American Campgrounds, Soil and Geology Evaluation by the Subsurface Group, Wetland Delineation prepared by GeoEngineers, and aerial photography from the Washington Department of Transportation. Additional forestry references were consulted as needed and are identified in Sections 6 and 7. 01/09/2018 | Page 14 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 7 Historical aerial photographs show the Maritime Village area, especially the area of the current marina buildings and pool, to have been the site of log dumping and rafting operations in previous years. 5.2 Field Work, Reconnaissance & Photography 5.2.1 Maritime Village RMG coordinated with on-site marina staff for a number of visits to perform the necessary field work for this project. RMG representatives from Black Rock LLC, Merryman Resource Management, LLC, with field work task support from Washington Timberland Management, Inc. conducted a preliminary review by dividing the commercial and residential portions of the Maritime Village into nine (9) sub areas. Six of the nine sub-areas were located within the Maritime Commercial area and three were located within the Maritime Residential area. These areas were identified and delineated using flagging, position of existing structures, and other easily identifiable features on site. Preliminary tree counts were made within each sub-area. Several site visits focused on specific danger trees and forest pathology. The last group of visits was dedicated to photographing specific examples of issues identified in this Forest Report. 5.2.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort The Black Point area of the proposed MPR presents a significantly different challenge in comparison to the Maritime Village area. Based on the overall size of the Golf Course Resort area, a combination of on- Figure 2 / Historical log dumping and rafting operation in Pleasant Harbor, circa 1965 Photo: DNR / WSDOT Aerial Photography Lab / Annotation: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 15 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 8 site visits and the use of historical aerial photography and other documents were chosen to best enable formulating a description of the condition of this property. To better understand the existing campground and its effect on current vegetative site conditions within the Black Point area, specific historical information was evaluated that pertained to the extent of environmental disruption required for initial campground development. Utility installations were examined on “as-built” plans that identified the extent of underground piping and associated excavation necessary for the complex water system serving the current campground layout. Additional drawings showed previously planned and installed camp sites and roads. On-site visits confirmed the existence of the extensive water system as well as numerous restroom facilities and associated drain fields and septic tanks. Many camp site areas had connections for propane tanks and hookups were available at individual sites. Availability of propane resulted from the installation of an underground distribution piping network. Power also was provided throughout the property, serving many campsite areas as well as the abundance of buildings that now still exist scattered throughout the Black Point RV area. Due to the scope of impact from buildings and other structures, water lines, power distribution, and propane installations, an aerial overview gives the best opportunity to examine and understand the wide spread extent of these facilities. 6.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS Vegetation presently found on the overall MPR project area consists primarily of an overstory of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) with occurrences of Red Alder (Alnus rubra), Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata), Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum), and Pacific Madrone (Arbutus menziesii). Broadleaf shrubs and other plants found in the understory typically include: Red-Flowering Currant (Ribes sanguineum), Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius), Vine Maple (Acer circinatum), Salal (Gaultheria shallon), and Evergreen Huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum). 6.1 Maritime Village A variety of conditions were found to exist in the Maritime Village ranging from historical issues related to prior use, to such current issues as hazard trees and forest disease. Study of the nine sub-areas within the Maritime Village area identified those issues and their distribution. For additional details on conditions identified in within the Maritime Commercial and Maritime Residential sub-areas of the Maritime Village, please refer to Table 1 on Page 19, Table of Environmental and Mechanical Influences affecting the Maritime Village Area. 6.1.1 Maritime Commercial The six (6) sub-areas studied within the Commercial portion of the Maritime Village area are identified in Figure 3. Those areas are specifically addressed as follows: MC-1 Sub-area: Sub-area MC-1 lies at the NW extremity of the Commercial area. This sub-area spans between Highway 101 and the Harbor high tide line and is further defined by the main access and other roads serving the marina (see Figure 3). 01/09/2018 | Page 16 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 9 This sub-area contains areas of relatively untouched second growth timber. Native trees and plants observed typify those common to the whole property. Douglas-fir is predominant species. Also present are Western Redcedar and occasional hardwoods. Located within the MC-1 sub-area is an old swimming pool. The pool is no longer used for recreation, having been converted to a water storage facility for fire emergency use. Sub-area MC-1 contains a dug well and a drilled well and well access road. For additional details on conditions identified in the MC-1 sub-area, please refer to Table 1, Environmental and Mechanical Influences affecting the Maritime Area. In conversations with Project Engineer, Craig Peck of Craig A. Peck & Associates, it was disclosed that this portion of the Marina property is designated for reservation as a forest preservation area in the final development plan. MC-2 Sub-area: Sub-area MC-2 is defined by roads on all sides. It is a small heavily impacted portion of the marina property (see Figure 3). This sub-area contains narrow bands of relatively untouched second growth Figure 3 / Annotated Photo of Maritime Commercial Area Photo: DNR / WSDOT Aerial Photography lab / Annotation: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 17 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 10 timber. These timbered areas have been impacted on all sides by construction of roads and buildings in previous years. Native trees and plants found in this area typify those common to the whole property. Douglas-fir is the predominant species and also present are Western Redcedar and occasional hardwoods. For additional details on conditions identified in the MC-2 sub-area, please refer to Table 1, Environmental and Mechanical Influences Affecting the Maritime Area. Figure 04 – Image #2744 & 2747 / Heart rot tree overhanging Marina buildings and service area / Photo: RMG MC-3 Sub-area: Sub-area MC-3 is that area located between the lowest road and the high tide line of the harbor. This area runs the length of the waterfront from its common line with Sub-unit MC-1, to the boundary of Sub-area MC-6 near the waterside swimming pool (see Figure 3). It is a heavily impacted portion of the Maritime Commercial area. It occupies a narrow sliver of land between road and water and fronts on the maintenance and work areas, the grocery store / restaurant building, and also the access routes to the docks. Douglas-fir is the predominant species and also present are Western Redcedar and occasional hardwoods. For additional details on conditions identified in the MC-3 sub-area, please refer to Table 1, Environmental and Mechanical Influences Affecting the Maritime Area. 01/09/2018 | Page 18 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 11 MC-4 Sub-area This area is generally characterized by steeper slopes beginning at a cut bank on the uphill side of the upper road and parking lot. The slope continues uphill to the Highway 101 right of way line. The western edge of sub-area MC-4 is at the eastern edge of the Residential portion of the Maritime Village Area. This sub-area contains the most consistent conifer timber stand in the Commercial portion of the Maritime area. Native trees and plants found in this area typify those common to the whole property. Sub-area MC-4 contains a domestic well and storage tank serving the current marina. Sub-area MC-4 also contains a short road which serves the well site. For additional details on conditions identified in the MC-4 sub-area, please refer to Table 1, Environmental and Mechanical Influences Affecting the Maritime Area. Figure 05 – Image #2662/ Dead trees behind and overhanging buildings / Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 19 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 12 MC-5 Sub-area The MC-5 sub-area can easily be characterized as the “Operations Center” of the current marina complex. This area runs parallel to the water and is located between the lower waterfront road and the upper road/parking lot area. Many of the hazard trees located here hang above the marina office, storage area, restaurant etc. Of particular note within sub-area MC-5 are hazard trees of medium to high failure potential that are within striking distance of buildings, the parking areas, and foot traffic underneath (see Figures 4, 5, 6). Within this sub-area trees have been impacted by environmental and mechanical influences. Native trees and plants found in this area typify those common to the whole property. Figure 06 Image #2708 / Dead tree overhanging parking area near the east end of MC-4 Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 20 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 13 For additional information on conditions identified in the MC-5 sub-area, please refer to Table 1, Environmental and Mechanical Influences affecting the Maritime Area. Figure 07 Image #2704 / Mechanical root damage at road edge in Marina Commercial area / Photo: RMG Figure 08 / Image #2673 / Dead tree with broken top that hit maintenance area near center of MC-5 / Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 21 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 14 MC-6 Sub-area Sub-area MC-6 is that area occupying the fenced pool and recreation site along with the waterfront area lying between the most westerly ramp to the boat docks and the eastern edge of the Maritime Residential area (see Figure 3) Within this sub-area trees have been impacted by environmental and mechanical influences. For further information please refer to Table 1, Environmental and Mechanical Influences affecting the Maritime Area. Wave and tidal erosion of the high tide area of the harbor is causing pronounced lean and un- balanced growth patterns that lead to higher levels of tree failure potential. Tree bole scaring and root damage has resulted from past construction activity and vehicle traffic. Trees show indications of Root Rot and Heart Rot infection. The Marina Area as a whole demonstrates an excellent example of a heavily impacted forest area. From past log dumping and rafting (see Figure 2), to the extent of the current marina operation (see Figure 3); a very large percentage of this area is now converted in use from a forest growth focus to other purposes and activities. Figure 9/ Image #2654 / Machine graded terraced beach area at high tide line, MR-1 area looking towards MC-6 swimming pool / Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 22 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 15 6.1.2 Maritime Residential For identification of the three Sub-areas within the Residential portion of the Maritime Village, please see Figure 10 below. MR-1 Sub-Area: This area is best described as a fairly uniform stand of Douglas-fir beginning at or just above the ordinary high water line of the harbor and extending up to the edge of Highway 101. It has been selectively logged in the area of the two homes, yards, and parking areas. Considerable work has been done in creating these building sites. Significant mass grading activity has Figure 10 / Maritime Residential Area / Photo: DNR / WSDOT Aerial Photo Lab / Annotation: RMG Note: Fig 10 Property lines are approximate only and subject to adjustment 01/09/2018 | Page 23 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 16 occurred in creation of building sites and also in creation of access routes to the waterfront and to the existing dock and floats that serve the two houses located in this area. Trees in this area exhibit many of the same features and disease impacts shown in the Marina area. Within this sub-area trees have been impacted by environmental and mechanical influences. A listing of the various impacts observed to occur within this sub-area is presented in Table 1 on page 18. MR-2 Sub-Area Sub-area MR-2 is a small exception portion of mixed conifer and hardwood located within the greater area of Sub-area MR-3. Due to small overall size and the poor quality of the forest community within MR-2, along with in-growth of various invasive brush species, this stand has limited value as a retention area. It should be noted that except for the obvious differences in appearance between MR-2 and MR-3, MR-2 would not likely be segregated for purposes of this report. Figure 11 / Image #2800 / Tree at cut bank edge overhanging single family home parking area / Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 24 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 17 MR-3 Sub-Area Sub-area MR-3 is predominately gravel parking area and also includes a small building that has been in use as a Real Estate office. Expanding areas of scotch broom and blackberries and other invasive species compose the remaining landscape of this area. Figure 12 / Image 2638 / Dead tree at edge of MR-2 and MR-3 areas as seen from highway 101 / Photo: RMG The Maritime Village as a whole demonstrates an excellent example of a heavily impacted previously forest area. From past log dumping and rafting along the harbor shore (see Figure 2), to the extent of the clearing and grading that has occurred adjacent to Highway 101 (see Figure 10, area 3 and Figure 12), a very large percentage of this area is now converted in use from forest growth to other purposes and activities. 01/09/2018 | Page 25 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 18 Table 1 Environmental and Mechanical Influences affecting Trees in the Maritime Village Area For photo Examples see Figure # Commercial Sub-areas Residential Sub-areas Condition Description MC- 1 MC- 2 MC- 3 MC- 4 MC- 5 MC- 6 MR- 1 MR- 2 MR- 3 1 WAVE and TIDAL EROSION is causing severe lean and un- balanced growth patterns leading to higher level of tree failure potential along high tide lines. 9, 14, 15 X X X X 2 TREE BOLE SCARING and ROOT DAMAGE contributed by construction activity and vehicle traffic. Past road construction created "cut banks" necessary to locate roads and parking areas. Impacts include undercut roots and insecure trees perched over high use areas. 7,11, 12, X X X X X X X 3 LAMINATED ROOT ROT (Phellinus weirii) and other root and heart rots and Canker disease indicated by dead trees, visible fruiting bodies, yellowing foliage, significant needle loss, and other indicators. 5, 8, 12 X X X X X X X X 4 HAZARD TREES are observed having medium or high failure potential and are within striking distance of auto and RV parking areas, foot traffic areas, and/or buildings. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15 X X X X X X X X X 5 BURIED DEBRIS remain from previous site uses. Observations include steel cable and tree bark. No pics X 6 PREVIOUS LOG DUMP ACTIVITIES resulted in modified tree form such as sweep in tree bole segments and bole damage. Some intertidal and upland areas are graded and re-formed. 2, 9, 11, 14 X X 7 GRADED & GRAVELED PARKING area present along Hwy 101. (no trees present) 12 X 01/09/2018 | Page 26 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 19 6.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort To best explain this area, a rating system was created and used to evaluate varying site condition. This system looked at the property from a historic viewpoint, being used for commercial forestry activities for many years. It also looked at the property from the standpoint of understanding the significant and fairly definable historical impacts on the property occurring as a result of development of RV site facilities and related activities taking place in previous years. Numerous site visits were made and review of historical aerial photographs was important to stratification and identica. Please see Figure 13 below to identify and locate the six sub-areas within the Black Point area. Figure 13 / Sub units within the Black Point area (Annotation by RMG) 01/09/2018 | Page 27 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 20 6.2.1 Black Point Sub-units Defined BP-1 Sub-Areas (21.4% of total BP area) These areas are characterized by relative low impact based on historical utilization. These areas hold larger trees than are found in other Black Point timbered areas, as defined by height and diameter. Overall health and/or stand condition is acceptable for long term retention where that option is within approved plans for development. These areas appear to be approximately 50 to 70 years of age and have avoided harvest in prior times. BP-2 Sub-Areas (6.3% of total BP area) These areas have experienced significant levels of impact relative to the impact apparent in BP-1 Sub- areas. Evidence of increased impact is provided through observations of poor stand development, insufficient re-establishment of tree cover and, invasion of scotch broom and other non-native species. These areas may also exhibit some direct impact of development of underground utilities, minor access roads and trails, and other campground associated features. These areas were most likely selected for harvest in the past due to ease of logging, accessibility, and location relative to the original campground plans. BP-2b Sub-Areas (33.6% of total BP area) The BP-2b Sub-area components are poorly stocked (stem count per acre) with a significant presence of mixed brush and invasive species. Roads, utility construction, campground impacts, etc. have all had significant effect on this Sub-area group and their impact is greater relative to impacts seen in area BP-2. Some re-growth of vegetation and growth of young trees is in evidence currently due primarily to cessation of campground use in recent years. BP-2K Sub-Areas (11.8% of total BP area) These areas are identified as “Glacial Kettles” in historical information and in Geotech field evaluations of the site. “Kettle” areas have been logged in the past as can be seen on aerial imagery (see Figure 13) and by observation on site. Skid trail evidence and tree stand regeneration status within the kettle boundaries is also visible. BP-3 Sub-Areas (19.2% of total BP area) These areas are clearly heavily impacted. They are comprised of specific identifiable camp sites, roads, buildings, recreational areas, and maintenance facilities etc. extensive enough for exclusion from Sub- area BP-2b. These areas have been converted to other uses and are no longer compatible with growing trees (see Figure 13). BP-200’ Sub-Area (7.7% of total BP area) The 200 foot Hood Canal Shoreline setback area falls under jurisdiction of the Washington State Shoreline Management Act. This area is dedicated to be preserved as a conservation easement. The area will be the subject of restoration efforts in the proposed Statesman MPR; in compliance with Jefferson County BoCC Condition “s” (for additional details please see Report Section 3.0 Item “s”, page 4). 01/09/2018 | Page 28 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 21 6.2.1 Sub-Area Size Calculation and Distribution To establish the relative impact to the Black Point Area by each defined sub-area, the sub-areas were delineated on aerial photos and a dot grid proportion system was used to calculate acreages within each sub-area unit. For details of these calculations please refer to Table 2 below. Based on the percentage of the total Black Point area contained within the more heavily impacted BP Sub-area groups, it should be apparent to even the casual reader of this report that the entire Black Point area has been subject to significant degradation from development associated activities over the last approximately thirty or more years. An estimated 52.8% of the area falls within the “heavy” to “converted” (BP-2B and BP-3) use impact groups. The percentage of impact in the whole Black Point area climbs to 70.9% with the inclusion of all except the Forested (BP-1) and Shoreline Conservation Easement area (BP-200’) sub-areas. 1 Residual 2nd growth timber with capability to grow to maturity without modification (steeper slopes) 2 Residual 2nd growth timber within 200 feet of shoreline , rehab required to repair roads and other clearings if needed 3 Prior harvest occurred without sufficient reforestation due to camp facility creation 4 Converted in use from forest to campground (includes roads, parking areas, camping sites, buildings, recreation areas, etc SUB-AREA ACREAGE CALCULATION SHEET Table # 2 Impact Type % Group Group % Impact Type dot dot Type of total acreage of total Type ID count factor acres acres total acres ~Minimal impact~1 Forested BP-1 176 0.2113 47.10 21.41% 47.10 21.41% ~Light impact~2 Shoreline Conservation Easement 200' reserve BP- 200' 63 0.2113 16.86 7.66% 16.86 7.66% ~Medium to Heavy impact~3 Medium Impact BP-2 BP-2 52 0.2113 13.92 6.33% Medium impact (Glacial Kettle areas) BP-2k 97 0.2113 25.96 11.08% Heavy Impact BP-2b 276 0.2113 73.87 33.58% 113.75 51.70% ~Heaviest impact~4 Converted from forest use BP-3 158 0.2113 42.29 19.22% 42.29 19.22% (Roads, parking, camping, buildings, etc., not incl. any BP200’ restoration that may occur) Total % of impacted area rated 0.2113 0.00 Medium to Heaviest 74.54% 0.2113 0.00 Total % of impacted area rated 0.2113 0.00 Minimal to Light 29.07% 0.2113 0.00 TOTAL 822 220.00 100.00% 220.00 100.00% Note: Total acreage used here provided by Craig A. Peck & Associates 01/09/2018 | Page 29 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 22 7.0 DISCUSSION 7.1 Maritime Village (Commercial and Residential) Uplands A review of on-site issues identified in the Maritime Commercial and Residential portions of the property leads to a clear realization that both past and current uses have contributed to and/or enabled many of the pathological issues and mechanically damaged trees presently found on the site. Local knowledge and historical evidence found in photographs of the Pleasant Harbor area indicate that the sheltered area of the harbor was used as a log dump beginning perhaps as early as the 1930’s and continued thru the mid 1960’s into the early 1970’s, before becoming a Marina (Figure 2). Shoreline (Waterfront) Log Dump / Marina Operation As seen on the aerial photo shown in Figure 2, historical log dumping and rafting operations encompassed a significant area within Pleasant Harbor. As seen more recently in Figure 14 below, old pilings still remain where log rafts and boom sticks were once tied and remnants of horizontal log bulkheads can be seen by the waterside swimming pool, as support for the fill surrounding the pool area where log loaders worked in previous times. Figure 14 / Image 2648 / Remaining pilings and bulkhead from historical log dump operation / Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 30 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 23 These structures as well as concentrations of bark and other woody debris that now lie buried underneath fill materials will continue to decay and settle making unstable areas. Remnants of cables are found throughout the site and tree damage associated with cables being tied to them was observed. In some cases cable damage has provided openings in the cambium layer of the tree bole enabling disease entry points. Heavy truck traffic (loaded log trucks) as well as construction related equipment used during the development of the marina both contributed to significant soil compaction. Cut banks created during road construction and other activities have done mechanical damage to many trees. Tidal Action Over time tidal and wave action has contributed to undermining of supporting soil from trees along the shoreline (Figure 15). These leaning trees are potential hazards to near shore marine or boating activity and beach users. Figure 15 / Image 2645 / Tree leaning towards dock / Photo: RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 31 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 24 Tree Pathology General pathological groupings observed on the property are as follows:  Root Diseases  Laminated Root Rot  Conifer Rust Fungi  Canker Diseases A more complete study of pathogen biological origin and development can be found in literature referred to in the Appendix. See also Table 1, Condition 3 for Sub-unit presence of pathogens. Most prevalent is the root disease, “Laminated Root Rot”. 5,6 This type of infection may be randomly dispersed throughout a stand or may be grouped in “disease centers”. The presence of this root disease as mentioned in the results section of this report and in Table 1 is prevalent throughout both the Marina and Maritime Village areas. It is also likely that the pathogen may exist in the Black Point area but resides in a dormant state in older root material remaining from the previous forest. The Laminated Root Rot pathogen may remain virulent for as long as fifty years in pieces of root material left on site following harvest or other tree removal activities.7 In that state it will continue to threaten a contribution to the process of infecting healthy trees in situations where new roots from subsequent stands reach old root material and the process begins anew. Danger Trees The cumulative impact of forest disease combined with mechanical impacts that have occurred during active log handling, road construction and in more recent years during construction of the marina have created a situation within the Maritime property that is potentially hazardous. Field evaluation of trees within the Maritime area leads to the recognition of significant numbers of trees having moderate to high failure potential. Hazard levels are defined in this report using concepts drawn from Tree Hazards in Recreation Sites in British Columbia8 and in Long-Range Planning for Developed Sites in the Northwest.9 Operations necessary to mitigate hazardous tree health and safety issues should begin with removal of most hazardous trees. Hazard ratings identifying various degrees of hazard are defined in Table 3 parts a, b, and c on the following page. Hazard trees are found not only in the upland areas of the property but also along the waterfront where there is extensive vehicle and foot traffic as well as marine activity. Safe removal of hazard trees may require a variety of methods and equipment depending on the individual tree’s location, characteristics, and situation. Some tree hazard mitigation efforts may be as simple as contracting with an experienced tree climber on a tree by tree basis to climb individual trees and remove them section by section. Other trees may require more elaborate means employing heavy 5 Thies, Walter G., Sturrock, Rona N., 1995, Laminated Root Rot in Western North America, (USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-349) (Published in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service) 6 Allen, E. A., Morrison, D. J., Wallis, G. W., 1966, Common Tree Diseases of British Columbia, (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service) p.20-23 7 Op. Cit., Thies, p.15 8 Wallis, G. W., Morrison, D. J., Ross, D. W., 1987, Tree Hazards in Recreational Sites in British Columbia, (British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Parks, Canadian Forestry Service, Joint Report No. 13) 9 Harvey, R. D. Jr., Hessburg, P. F. Sr., 1992, Long-Range Planning for Developed Sites in the Pacific Northwest: The Context of Hazard Tree Management, (USDA Forest Service FPM-TP039-92) p17-18 01/09/2018 | Page 32 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 25 equipment such as excavators and/or boom trucks. Any of these methods will require considerable safety areas around the work zone. Further treatment ideas are presented in the RMG report titled 2009 Prescriptive Vegetation Management Plan, Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Course Resort.10 Table 3a. Tree Failure Potential Rating System11 Table 3b. Tree Failure Impact Rating System12 Value 1 No damage  only small tree parts involved  no chance failed parts will cause damage on impact Value 2 Minor damage  only small tree parts fail  indirect impact in occupied areas, or failure will occur when area is unoccupied  if damage occurs target is low value Value 3 Medium damage  small trees or tree parts sufficient to cause moderate damage  moderate target value  target likely to sustain only moderate damage Value 4 Extensive damage  medium to large trees or tree parts  high target value including high value property and damage likely to be severe  potential to injure or kill people Table 3c. Risk Class Allocation13 RISK CLASS TREATMENT PRIORITY 8 Very high 7 High 6 Moderate 2-5 Low 10 RMG, 2009, Prescriptive Vegetation Management Plan, Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Course, (Report prepared for Statesman Corporation) 11 Op. cit., Harvey, p17-18 12 Ibid, p17-18 13 Ibid, p17-18 Value 1 Very low failure potential  sound trees not likely exposed to weather extremes Value 2 Low failure potential  minor defects may be present  weather sheltered or unsheltered but sound Value 3 Medium failure potential  moderate defects  shallow soil  high water table  exposure to weather extremes Value 4 High failure potential  serious defects  limited root anchorage  dead trees or root disease  multiple defects 01/09/2018 | Page 33 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 26 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii), now (Phellinus sulphurascens )14 “pockets” are the most prevalent tree health issue on the property and occur throughout the Maritime Commercial and Maritime Residential areas. As these “pockets” of disease continue to increase in size over time primarily via root grafting under the soil surface, additional trees become infected and eventually weaken and die. Mitigation of entire infection pockets is not as easily accomplished as removal of individual obviously infected or dead trees may be. Visibly infected hazardous trees in these infected areas can be removed by harvest. To stop the spread of disease and subsequent creation of additional hazard trees over time, additional trees from the perimeter of the infection area (approximately 50 feet past visible infection) must also be removed to minimize further expansion of the disease in the stand through root grafting.15 Mitigation Methods for Laminated Root Rot Based on control methods recommended in previously mentioned publications16,17 and relying on the experience of Washington Timberland Management, Inc. in treating root rot infestations in Western Washington, it can be concluded that four basic options are available from which to choose to treat Laminated Root Rot infections. The fifth option may also be available in time. 1. Destruction of infection areas (pockets) thru harvest of all infected trees and at least two trees outside the visible influence of the infection, followed by return visits to eradicate any further spread. This will minimize the ability of the pathogen to transfer from host tree to host tree by transporting thru root grafts in the sub soil. This method will create holes in the forest but leave other areas intact. Replanting could follow with a resistant species of tree. 2. Selective logging of larger forest areas in which the pathogen is active, followed by return visits to eradicate any further spread. Further harvest to salvage dying trees may leave under stocked areas that would need reforestation with a resistant species. This is not a great deal different than option #1. 3. Final harvest of the entire forest (clear cut) which would be followed with replacement of the forest with a resistant species. 4. Remove all trees and stumps, and redevelop the site per the MPR Development Agreement and BoCC conditions contained in Ordinance No. 01-0128-08. This option would serve to more permanently interrupt the root grafting process and eliminate much of the transport potential relied on by the root rot pathogen for further infection. Resistant and non-susceptible species would be used in landscaping. 5. Chemical inactivation may offer promise for future management, especially with high-value trees, provided environmental risk associated with use of registered chemicals can be successfully addressed.18 14 Note, since original drafting of this document Laminated Root Rot has been reclassified as: (Phellinus sulphurascens (Pilat) [formerly Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. Douglas-fir form] 15 Op. cit., Thies, p19-25 16Ibid, p21 17 Op. cit., Allan, p20-23 18 Op. Cit., Thies, p23 01/09/2018 | Page 34 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 27 In the end, the goal of hazard tree evaluation and hazard management on this MPR site, including Laminated Root Rot hazards, is to strike an appropriate balance between various priorities. o Protect public safety. o Protect public and private property. o Comply with BoCC objective “u” to “retain evergreen trees and understory in a condition as undisturbed as possible”. o Maintain sustainability of the forest and recreation environment. o Minimize cost. o The end goal of hazard tree evaluation and hazard management is to strike an appropriate balance between various priorities. The comments to follow consider these priorities in conjunction with preliminary understandings of the scope of activities planned by Statesman Corporation at the Pleasant Harbor MPR site. Sub-area MC-1 in the Maritime area could be left intact except to respond to recommendations that any root rot infected areas be treated in line with a developed long term Vegetation Management Plan as outlined in the precursory 2009 Prescriptive Vegetation Management Plan.19 The objective would be to protect the remaining stand from further spread of the disease and the public from further hazard. This area could be replanted with Western Red cedar or hardwoods that would be more resistant to infection. As mentioned previously, the Laminated Root Rot (P. sulphurascens) pathogen has a life of approximately 50 years within pieces of root material that remain in the soil. If during that extended time an unaffected tree’s roots finally touch a portion of old infected root material, it is exposed and may well become infected and reinitiate the process20. One treatment for dealing with areas of severe rot root infection is mechanical stump removal and ripping of the soil with heavy equipment to break the potential transmission route of the pathogen through root grafts21. It is important to note that proposed development of the Maritime Commercial and Residential areas would supply a number of benefits to the site that inhibit or destroy the disease or inhibit its spread. Mass grading and other construction based movement of fill material serves to severely interrupt root based pathogen transmission pathways. Foundations and other constructed features can serve to block pathogen transmission on a permanent basis. Landscaping offers a chance for new and health re- vegetated and root rot resistant areas to be created. Due to the many similarities between the Maritime Commercial sub-area and the Maritime Residential sub-area within the Maritime Village, many of the discussion points would be the same as they relate to the standing trees or larger forested located in this portion of the overall project. For purposes of this report both the Commercial and Residential segments of the Maritime Village area have been combined in the foregoing discussion. 19 RMG, 2009 Prescriptive Vegetation Management Plan, Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Course, (Report prepared for Statesman Corporation) 20 Op. cit., Thies, p15-16 21 Ibid, p21 01/09/2018 | Page 35 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 28 One feature of the Maritime Village area not found covered in the Maritime Commercial area discussion is the expansive gravel parking area along Highway 101. This area is referred to as Sub-area MR-2 in Section 6.1 of this report and is partially shown in the foreground of Figure 12. This area is worth reviewing as it clearly demonstrates extensive intrusion and the conversion in use from a previously forested area to an area with no forestry use as all. This area previously included a Real Estate office and its parking lot. 7.2 Black Point Golf Course and Resort In reviewing the Black Point area the extensive impacts this property has been subjected to are very apparent. As previously shown in Table 2, “Minimal Impact” areas are the smallest portion of the existing forested areas that remain on the Black Point property. This remaining area of larger timber equates to approximately 21.41% of the total Black Point area acreage. One possible reason for this area remaining less impacted is its topography or steepness. Harvest occurring to enable creation of the previous campground would have been focused at more usable areas of topography. It is probable also that the historical value of this timber, when harvest last occurred, was not worth taking to market due to smaller average tree size and a location on steep slopes that in some cases exceed normal ground based harvest equipment limitations. A second forested area also containing larger trees is composed of that portion of the Black Point property located within 200 feet of the high tide line on the shoreline of Hood Canal. The 200 foot shoreline buffer area is approximately 7.66% of the total Black Point area. This buffer area will be restored to a more natural state where needed and protected as part of the proposed Statesman development plans, in compliance with Jefferson County BoCC Ordinance No. 01- 0128-08, condition “s”. Forest areas on other portions of the Black Point property were tree covered in past years but are now stocked with only brush and smaller trees (Table 2, “Medium to Heavy Impact”). These were most likely stocked with trees of higher value at the time of last harvest and thus became the target of logging efforts. In reviewing available aerial photography, one can see logging impacts in these areas in the form of skid trails within the Black Point area, including within the Kettles. These remaining forested areas are not without impacts or intrusions from the surrounding development of the campground. Many have trails, parking areas on the edge, adjacent dilapidated buildings, and old skid roads and landing areas within. The remaining forested area of “Minimal Impact” (BP-1) is in direct contrast to the “Light Impact” area (BP-200), the areas of “Medium to Heavy Impact” (BP–2, BP–2K, BP–2B), and the area of “Heaviest Impact” (BP–3). All of these other sub-areas of the overall Black Point property are presented in Section 6.2 and tabulated in Table 2. These disturbed portions of the property all show varying degrees of impact, from moderate thru outright conversion to a use “not compatible with growing forests”. The more impacted areas from Medium to Heaviest comprise approximately 70.9% of the property. Three treatment options appear available within the framework of the MPR and the BoCC conditions: 1. Clean up and mitigate as much of the past impact as possible and allow those areas to revert to a more natural state 2. Clean up the site as above and reactivate as a permitted campground 3. Redevelop the property per the MPR zoning and the proposal submitted by The Statesman Corporation. 01/09/2018 | Page 36 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 29 These options really divide naturally into two main categories: 1. Development and restoration of the campground could occur in a layout similar to the footprint of the existing campsite and RV Park. 2. Redevelopment could shape the current site into a resort in line with the MPR zoning of the area. In looking at option categories 1 and 2 above and considering the likelihood of creating a viable forest that would provide sustainable natural environment values per BoCC Condition “u” in a reasonably near future time, the Black Point area is most likely too heavily impacted by existing development and the extensive presence of poor quality trees and invasive species to be able to be economically reestablished with a value in excess of the economic return available from more development focused target uses. Development of the site as the MPR zoning allows would enable a relatively complete restoration of the entire site. This restoration would facilitate re-establishment of significant and healthy green belts and buffers. Reinstatement of open spaces between the proposed fairways and other resort areas would most likely enhance and increase the amount of natural vegetation as compared to its current impacted condition. Repair of previous development features such as roads and camp areas lying within the first two hundred feet above the shoreline of Hood Canal would add significantly to the total positive impact development would lend to a reinvigorated Black Point environment. For successful redevelopment into a MPR facility, site conditions would necessitate considerable mass grading and mandate extensive erosion control efforts. With current available clearing and grading technology, grinding of organic and woody debris harvested from the site would generate ample “hog fuel” for use in slope stabilization and site protection from storm water or runoff issues. The use of locally created “hog fuel” in the site surface stabilization and protection process would also aid in preventing further depletion from the site of the organic value of this material. This has potential to aid in rebuilding depleted soils on the property. During land clearing done in preparation for a mass grading operation, prospective stumps and trees meeting specification for use as “Large Woody Debris” (LWD) could be processed and saved for future rehabilitation use both on and off the property. Habitat trees having potential for placement and use in restoration work in wetlands would be identified and sheltered. Sufficient native species of brush, shrubs or trees could be identified and transferred and held in a potential on site nursery area for use in later reestablishment work. Early identification of potential transplant nursery areas would allow for small nursery grown and selected onsite natural trees to be transplanted to the holding site at an earlier point in time and allowed to mature for later movement to final planting locations as the development process moved along. 01/09/2018 | Page 37 of 38 Forest Report Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort 30 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The original request to RMG was to evaluate the existing forest communities in the Maritime Commercial and Residential areas as well as on the Black Point Golf Resort property. These forest communities are all located within the MPR proposal and thereby subject to Jefferson County BoCC conditions under Ordinance No. 01-0128-08; five of which relate specifically to preparation of this Report. The five conditions have been detailed previously in Report Section 3. An operational course of action that would begin the process of charting a functional path to compliance with these BOCC Conditions would follow the template presented in the 2009 Prescriptive Vegetation Management Plan22 By combining the 2009 Prescriptive Vegetation Management Plan template, the information presented in this report, and the proposed/approved site development plan, while maintaining an appropriate focus on adherence to the BoCC conditions of approval; a site specific vegetation management operational plan could then be created. Within this operational plan, individual segments of the planned development and their potential impacts on existing and future forest vegetation could be evaluated and a proper prescriptive plan of action could be designed. This approach would serve to insure that appropriate actions specifically intended to comply with the Jefferson County BoCC Conditions would be implemented. For example, buffer and greenbelt areas (BoCC, Condition “s”) would be individually evaluated, delineated, and protective measures would be designed. Other BoCC conditions such as building placement (BoCC Condition “v”), and identification and protection of significant trees (BoCC Condition “w”) would also have specific plans addressing their needs. The planned protective measures would then be set in place prior to, and remain during construction. Long term protection measures whose efficacy would be designed to extend indefinitely past the completion of the project development phase could also be designed and put in action. Proper identification of “significant trees”, and hazardous conditions as identified in this Forest Report, combined with good record keeping and adherence to a final Vegetation Management Plan will provide a basis for long term management, safety and enhancement of the forested vegetative communities within the MPR. 22 Op. cit., RMG 01/09/2018 | Page 38 of 38