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JEFFERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 2021 CORRESPONDENCE DATE OF DATE ORIGINATING CORRESPONDENCE DOCUMENT RECEIVED PARTY ® }tea _ T .A. Ewa ' ." ._` ... , ..,... - 5/13/2021 5/13/2021 National Association of Counties(NACo) Join NACo and White house Officials Today for a National Membership Call on COVID-19 Recovery 5/13/2021 5/13/2021 Municipal Research Services and Center Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (MRSC) 5/13/2021 5/13/2021 Washington Counties(WSAC) COVID-19 News/May 13, 2021 5/13/2021 5/13/2021 Jennifer Poole, HCCC HCCC Board Meeting scheduled for May 19 at 1 p.m. 5/13/2021 5/13/2021 Paul Jewell,WSAC Senate Bill 5040 5/13/2021 5/13/2021 Sara Peck, Executive Assistant/Clerk of JTA Kingston Route Public Meeting the Board,Jefferson Transit Authority 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Sara Peck, Executive Assistant/Clerk of JTA Special Board Meeting Packet and Meeting Link the Board, Jefferson Transit Authority 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Kathleen Waldon Invite: LETS CELEBRATE 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 National Association of Counties(NACo) Coronavirus Pandemic Resource for Counties-May 14, 2021 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Kirie Pedersen Dabob Bay&DNR re: Protection of State Forest Lands 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Katherine Walton, Office of Gov. Inslee Gov's Press Conf. at 2:30pm Today 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Alicia Butler, Office of Rep Kilmer Responses from Rep Kilmer 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Lucas Hall, Senior Project Manager, Long Share Availability-Hood Canal Bridge Management Live the Kings Cmte. Meeting 5/13/2021 5/14/2021 Dan Toepper, JCPUD Commissioner, ADO designation District 3 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 WA State DOT Total night closure scheduled for SR 104 Hood Canal 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Tom Thiersch OPMA violations on social media 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Washington Counties(WASC) Friday 5/PWB/Salary Survey 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Julie Russell request for Girl Scout Troop 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Linda Mattos Irvington Addition 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Olympic National Forest News Release: FS to implement Alcohol Ban along Lake Cushman Corridor 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Wallace Allen Irvington Development 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Nancy Stevens(2) Entheogenic Plants 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Kathleen Keenan, KPTZ Virus Watch Questions for BoCC Meeting Team Correspondence may be viewed 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m. Monday- Friday at the County Administrator's Office in the Courthouse, 1820 Jefferson Street, Room B80, Port Townsend, WA Page 1 JEFFERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 2021 CORRESPONDENCE DATE OF DATE ORIGINATING CORRESPONDENCE DOCUMENT RECEIVED PARTY 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 T3 Outreach T3 Watershed Experiment 5/14/2021 5/14/2021 Sonia Story Public Health is best served by individuals 5/14/2021 5/17/2021 Jefferson County Chamber of Commerce Great CDC News and how to handle it in your business 5/14/2021 5/17/2021 Ina Hanna, Olympic Angels Olympic Angels business plan 5/15/2021 5/17/2021 National Association of Counties(NACo) This Week in Photos 5/16/2021 5/17/2021 Mark Cooper Port Townsend Psychedelic Society 5/16/2021 5/17/2021 Oliver's Odyssey Supportive Comment on Entheogens 5/16/2021 5/17/2021 Hank Sukert masks 5/16/2021 5/17/2021 Catherine McNabb Irvington Addition 5/16/2021 5/17/2021 Andy Fischer Price Please support decriminalization of entheogens in Jefferson County 5/16/2021 5/17/2021 Juan-Carlos Foust, Gig Harbor Resident Public Comments re: Entheogens 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Clallam EDC Join WorkSource 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Julianne Stanford, Naval Magazine Indian News Release: Training Exercise Island Public Affairs Officer 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Local 20/20 Local 20/20 Weekly Announcements 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Lucas Hall, Senior Project Manager, Long Share Availability- Hood Canal Bridge management Live the Kings Cmte. Meeting 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Gary Zwissler Proposed High-Density Development 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Lola Oduyeru,American Progress Action Weekly Help is here Roundup Fund 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Alex HoveIn, Project Manager, DNR Letter re: Road Construction Project on H-1009 Road Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Licensed Establishment in Unincorporated Area of 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Board Jefferson County with Expiration of 08/31/21: Halfway House Restaurant Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Licensed Establishment in Unincorporated Area of 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Board Jefferson County with Expiration of 010/31/21: Oure Funk LLC HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Eric Twelker Fairgrounds(Cell tower at fairgrounds) HEARING COMMENT re:Animal Code Update 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Summer Martell (Request for Consideration(re:Animal Codes that may impact equines) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Kalyn Marab PTPS(re: Entheogenic Plants) Correspondence may be viewed 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m. Monday- Friday at the County Administrator's Office in the Courthouse, 1820 Jefferson Street, Room B80, Port Townsend, WA Page 2 JEFFERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 2021 CORRESPONDENCE DATE OF DATE ORIGINATING CORRESPONDENCE DOCUMENT RECEIVED PARTY HEARING COMMENT re:Animal Code Update 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Summer Martell (Request for Consideration(re: Petition to keep Jefferson County equestrian friendly) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Leslie Priest Roubal HEARING COMMENT re:Animal Code Update (Request for Consideration (What can be done?) HEARING COMMENT re:Animal Code Update 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Andrew Draper (Request for Consideration (My public comment to animal and parks code(for leash law)) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Tony Corrado HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC Fairgrounds(Cell tower Lease) HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Darlene Schanfald Fairgrounds(Cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Tom Thiersch HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC Fairgrounds(FCC-cell tower siting) HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Darlene Schanfald Fairgrounds(cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds) HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Eric Twelker Fairgrounds(cell tower at Fairgrounds) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Robert Sebastien Eggert HEARING COMMENT re: Cell Tower at the JC Fairgrounds(cellular tower lease) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Joseph Karniewicz Support for PTPS proposal to decriminalize entheogens 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Peter Bahls, Northwest Watershed Response 1 of 2 from DNR Dabob Bay inter trust exchange questions 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Peter Bahls, Northwest Watershed Response 2 of 2 from DNR Dabob Bay inter trust exchange questions 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Tanya Barnett,YMCA of Jefferson County Draft listing of Summer offerings for children/youth 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 National Association of Counties(NACo) Coronavirus Pandemic Resources for Counties May 17, 2021 Randon Draper, Deputy Prosecuting Comment re: HEARING COMMENT re:Animal Code 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Attorney II Update(Request for Consideration re: My public comment to animal and parks code(for leash law)) 5/17/2021 5/17/2021 Jennifer Rotermund, Gaiaceous Gardens, Decriminalize Entheogenic Medicine Mystical Forest Permaculture Correspondence may be viewed 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m. Monday- Friday at the County Administrator's Office in the Courthouse, 1820 Jefferson Street, Room 680, Port Townsend, WA Page 3 JEFFERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 2021 CORRESPONDENCE DATE OF DATE ORIGINATING CORRESPONDENCE DOCUMENT RECEIVED PARTY 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Jefferson County Chamber of Commerce Jefferson County Community Leadership Awardees are ... 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Washington State Department of WSDOT Travel Advisory Transportation Media Advisory- Washington State Redistricting Schedule Update Public Outreach Meetingfor Residents of the 6th 5/18/2021 WALEG Meeting 5/18/2021 p Congressional District CORRECTED LINKS-- Media Advisory- 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 WALEG Meeting Schedule Update Washington State Redistricting Public Outreach Meeting for Residents of the 6th Congressional District 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Cyndy Bratz Dabob Bay 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Mylo Curtis Dabob Bay Forests 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Jennifer Poole, HCCC HCCC Board Meeting May 19, 2021 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 National Association of Counties(NACo) County News Now- May 18, 2021 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Rebecca Kimball Transit Plan BIG 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Lissy Andros, Executive Director, Forks Please join us tomorrow to welcome Terry Ward, Chamber of Commerce Sound Publishing 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Sara Peck, Executive AssistantlClerk of JTA Special meeting: Local 20/20 TLAB Presentation the Board, Jefferson Transit Authority 5/18/2021 5/18/2021 Jefferson Land Trust Community Forest update 5/19/2021 5/19/2021 National Association of Counties(NACo) Join NACo for Work Virtual Summit 5/19/2021 5/19/2021 WA Wildlife&Recreation Coalition It's time for something new 5/19/2021 5/19/2021 Dick(Richard (Dick) Bothell,Atlas Glen Cove Community Septic System Technologies) Correspondence may be viewed 8:30 a.m. -4:30 p.m. Monday- Friday at the County Administrator's Office in the Courthouse, 1820 Jefferson Street, Room B80, Port Townsend, WA Page 4 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 8:14 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:Join NACo and White House Officials Today for a National Membership Call on COVID-19 Recovery From: NACo Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 8:13:15 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Join NACo and White House Officials Today for a National Membership Call on COVID-19 Recovery CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Having trouble viewing this email? Click Here NATIONALNACO ASSOCIATION +`COUNTIES lii,c „ 'I I-r. kNpl�-- 'r M^y,ry AM '1I0 - i7t„ 11,41„ _ 'iii Ji" f 1 ;„i .:: i i i k bra :" ' a .: � ,,�'�lwb, � n, '`� . fir' I r d. ., JOIN NACo AND WHITE HOUSE OFFICIALS FOR NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP CALL ON COVID-19 RECOVERY 1 TODAY 12 P.M. EDT On Monday, the U.S. Department of Treasury released guidance on the State and Local NACo NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP Coronavirus Fiscal Recovery Fund (Recovery CALL DETAILS Fund), part of the American Rescue Plan Act. The bill includes $65.1 billion in direct, flexible DATE Today, May 13 aid to every county in America, as well as other crucial investments in local TIME 2 p.m. EDT communities. Additionally,the U.S.Treasury I opened the new portal that counties must use DIAL-IN RSVP to receive dial-in to receive Fiscal Recovery Funds. information. Join the National Association of Counties QUESTIONS Send your questions to (NACo) and White House officials today at 2 question@naco.org. p.m. for a national member call for an update Please note that the ea is for NACo members on COVID-19 and continued discussion on the only. U.S. Treasury's guidance for and implementation of the Fiscal Recovery Fund. EXPLORE NACo's COVID-19 RECOVERY RESOURCES U.S. Treasury Coronavirus State & Local Fiscal Recovery Is ,�' " Fund Resources _ ?rj I Access the the U.S. Department of the Treasury webpage on the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund (Recovery Fund), find the latest resources and access the Recovery Fund certification i 78 guidelines. LEARN MORE VIEW CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES Send NACo Your Questions on Recovery NACo staff are ready to answer your questions on COVID-19 recovery -,.!1,—--- efforts and American Rescue Plan Act implementation. Visit the gFR NACo Recovery Clearinghouse for important information and to ask a , question. e ASK A QUESTION 2 Resources from Monday's NACo National Membership Call Wit Ali Miss Monday's NACo national membership call?Watch the video and access the presentation slides for the latest news from the U.S. 11111 MT w, Treasury about the ARPA's State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund. WATCH RECORDING I ACCESS PRESENTATION SLIDES ill —. , - - MW `. Use the Power of the Media to Amplify Your COVID-19 Recovery Efforts Utilize NACo's customizable press release template and highlight how ius your county will invest federal funds to drive recovery in your 04 community. PRESS RELEASE TEMPLATE I NACo COMMUNICATIONS TOOLKIT NACo Analysis of the American Rescue Plan Act ��N Access NACo's analysis of the American Rescue Plan Act, ~, which highlights key provisions for county governments. LEARN MORE ii,t , 11.11111111.11.111111111111111111111.11111 American Rescue Plan Funding Breakdown 14420" NACo's interactive tool helps navigate the roughly$1.5 trillion in the rtt American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Programs that may provide counties with additional funding are denoted as "county eligible." This information will be updated as federal guidance for the new and existing programs is released. .. q-0+ex epysa S%4 tWk ACCESS THE TOOL II American Rescue Plan Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal ®,, ��.' _ Recovery Fund FAQs N, --,-. : a s T v ! m NACo has curated an FAQ resource to help answer some common questions. LEARN MORE 3 :::�::.<'m,=.„. .�._..:,�;ai...:•' �,'c•. a�":pY-g5'.CONERENCE .d"w�•^.\.�fi".'t.a.".k.....,....:��,$...h,i.a.a....�:,;.v.:�..d..:a::a:...,`:.�...a,',.:..$".,,,„<a....w.".-..;...•.;»..y,,..m.:.\..rv�..',"C'R•;»,e�.��: .'x,J"..1i.1,,...z•..',:�.nv, .?: £z E"" pe•; : :• rr�....J a• . .. tte' ate .. �ir.yl. f•,\ r , � :. . ' N `. , fY E , 2 , � maxm "' a.. �,a," Et3i' v, .;. . gy i �: \ ty4:.:..;'': sa ti =� �i� �i M " < . \...:' : .: r � av r.w,. 3� .. g, A i " • 9+�• :,,T,: '''''":',';'",,'.:::_„.).:,',:,.."::::.::::',,,:.'::„';',7;::*::: ',...:-.,:!:-.':::::N-''''''A'- :„...., .:.,.........,,,,,„,:,:,,,,„,,,,, iii ,, to . . .: s` ''. gg y' S'-' VIRTUAL :x::.`§ ..e:.- .•. ,n . '. ., .. 6 "€ate .�,� »`.�.� x ^:S , ,. i.fi � w.,, " .a , � ata . . , te < .c.. . : f.. . . .. "... � 1�- [4.7 :' 0� ems, zP M 1 1 ‘,....„.,..:,,, ,i.:::::,,,,:.::i„,„„.. , : .„::,,,ktiii,,,„„,,,:.,.....:.... ..,,,:,,,,::,..„....„...:.-....,:..:: :.„tti,... v,„::.!._::7"ioto. ".7,2,,,,,,.....,,,,s„:„.,-,-,-,...,-- ---- .....,:::*iitili,!,„:,,,:::i:., ,:iir,,,,,„:::4,2 , ::;,-,,,, ii,..4.03ir r., %,.,,,.. .::::::,, ,:. , iti III, • :y-r:M d ',•, ASSOCIATIONCO NATIONAL 660 NorUNTIES Capitol Street,NW,Suite 400 Washington,D.C.20001 Sign up to stay up to-date on topics affecting America's counties! Click here to unsubscribe. 4 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 10:51 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Local Fiscal Recovery Funds I Waiving Retainage and Bonds I Hybrid Public Meetings From: MRSC— Local Government Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 10.50:38 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Local Fiscal Recovery Funds I Waiving Retainage and Bonds I Hybrid Public Meetings CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. ;TOMR C in focus Local Government May 13, 2021 a i .•g 3.. • amoftwolp :. . Aar Treasury Issues Guidance for Local Fiscal Recovery Funds 1 By Eric Lowell This blog post reviews the May 10 guidance provided by the U.S. Department of Treasury regarding how Local Fiscal Recovery Funds may be spent under the American Rescue Plan Act(ARPA), including allowed uses,replacing lost revenues,and reporting requirements. Mole from MRSC Insight From MRSC Ask MRSC What to Consider When Waiving Retainage and Am I correct that there are no term limits for elected Bonds mayors or city/town council By Judy Isaac members in Washington? This blog focuses on why(or why not)an agency might waive retainage and bonds for a public works project. More from MRSC Insight Is there a specified start date for an annual Public Records Act Reports Due July 1, 2021 comprehensive plan By Sarah Doar amendment process? Any public agency that spends over$100,000 in activities associated with managing public records and responding to public records requests Have a question? will need to file a report on these activities with the Joint Legislative Audit Officials and employees and Review Committee by July 1,2021. More from MRSC Insight from eligible government agencies can use our free New MRSC Website Improvements Make one-on-one inquiry service, Information Even Easier to Find Ask MRSC. By Steve Hawley This blog post covers recent improvements made to our website that will make it easier for you to find the information that you are seeking. More Ask mRsc from MRSC Insight Looking Ahead: Holding "Hybrid" Public Meetings By Emma Diamond This blog provides an overview of the hybrid public meeting model,which combines in-person and online public attendance. More from MRSC Insight COVID-19 Resources for Local Governments We are continuously updating our COVID-19 content and collecting new sample documents to keep local governments informed during the current crisis. See our COVID-19 Resources page 333 Upcoming Trainings AWC Webinar: Municipal Courts Overview May 18, 2 PM -3:30 PM Cost: FREE I Credits available: CML, CLE credit pending Learn more and register(AWC website) The Post-Pandemic Workplace, Part 1: Policies and Practices for the Post-COVID Office (Webinar) May 20, 10 AM-11:30 AM Cost:$25 I Credits available: CML, SHRM Learn more and register The Post-Pandemic Workplace, Part 2: Legal Landscape of the Post- COVID Office (Webinar) 2 May 26, 10 AM-11:30 AM Cost: $25 I Credits available:CML, SHRM Learn more and register(AWC website) } Making the Switch to Paperless Permitting (Webinar) June 1, 12 PM-1:30 PM Cost: $35 I Credits available: CM Learn more and register Legislative Update on 2021 Public Records Bills (Webinar) June 15, 10 AM-11 AM Cost: FREE I Credits available:WAPRO, CML Learn more and register Land Use Case Law Update - Summer 2021 (Webinar) July 15, 11 AM-12 PM Cost: $35 i Credits: CLE, CML, Law CM Learn more and register Missed a webinar?On-Demand Webinars are available to view for a fee; credits are available for some. In Focus Local Corrections Costs Rose by Research Says Body Cams Are $25 Billion in Last 40 Years Good Public Safety Investment But the coronavirus has ushered in creative lower- A new study suggests the potential benefits of cost alternative jail programs that could last long police body cameras—including reduced use of after the pandemic, local leaders say. More force—outweighs the costs of the technology. from Route Fifty More research about body cams, however, is strongly recommended. More from Government The Feds Are Investigating Local Technology Police Departments Again. Here's Cities Need Housing. Parking What to Expect. After a four-year hiatus under President Donald Requirements Make it Harder. California was a pioneer in minimum parking Trump,the federal government will once again mandates,which drive up housing costs and investigate local law enforcement agencies for systemic constitutional violations, U.S.Attorney climate emissions. Now the state is ready to lead General Merrick Garland announced last the nation in reclaiming our cities from parking month. More from Stateline lots. More from Bloomberg Citylab Vaccination Efforts Focus on the Public Works Board Hosting Four Incarcerated Free Webinars As the COVID-19 vaccine distribution rollout The Washington Public Works Board will host four continues and more than 212 million doses have free infrastructure webinars in May and June on been administered throughout the country, topics including system management, counties are making sure populations within cybersecurity,cross-jurisdictional projects, and detention centers and correctional facilities have rate setting. More from Public Works Board the option to receive a dose. More from NACo's County News Washington News National News King County gun violence keeps soaring in 2021 Beer?Money?States and cities offer incentives to get vaccinated. 3 A proposed$1.7 billion wind and solar project generates hopes and fears in South Central In Vienna, public housing is affordable and Washington state desirable Federal Way re-criminalizes drug possession in As police body cameras become commonplace, a wake of court decision debate over when to release the footage Yakima council proclamation encourages Portland mayor's proposed budget focuses on city everyone to get vaccinated cleanup, economic recovery; cuts police 1% Washington gets mobile earthquake alerts Congress sees momentum on police reform, but officer immunity still an obstacle A tax break used by Arlington, Marysville goes statewide The breakout cities on the forefront of America's economic recovery Kitsap launches largest-ever eviction prevention program Amid debate on policing the police, states consider greater transparency for records on use After much debate, Bainbridge Island council of force moves forward to develop Housing Action Plan Police use of body cameras—What they can and cannot achieve Thank you to our generous sponsors Stay Informed MRSC publishes a number of e-newsletters related to B R AU M local government issues. CH 4: You can also keep up with us on social media. CONSULTING CAIRNCROSS&HEMPELMANN GROUP ATTORNEYS AT LAW i tManage your � THE LAW OFFICE OF, tom LANE P C? 'v'ELL ; RICHARD LIMES .. , OGDEN f 7` , MADRONA MUf�PHY WALLACE ATTORNEYS i. If you have questions or comments for the newsletter editor, please MRSC.org contact Byron Katsuyama, Public Policy&Management Consultant. MRSC 12601 Fourth Avenue, Suite 800, Seattle, WA 98121 Unsubscribe kdean@co.jefferson.wa.us Update Profile I Constant Contact Data Notice Sent by it@mrsc.org 4 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 11:00 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: COVID-19 News I May 13, 2021 From: Washington Counties (WSAC) Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 10:59:31 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: COVID-19 News I May 13, 2021 CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. WA HINGTON Thursday, May 1 ! - prc$ Mr a �,54ATIE A88gCIAYION ai I 0,4 • Want to receive this email in your inbox? Click here to subscribe. COVID-19 NEWSLETTER Treasury Opens Portal for Counties to Receive Fiscal Recovery Funds The U.S. Department of Treasury released guidance on the State and LocalCoronavirus F, l Recovery_ Fund (Recovery Fund), part of the American Rescue Plan Act. The bill includes $65.1 billion in direct, flexible aid to every county in America, as well as other crucial investments in local communities. Additionally, the U.S. Treasury opened the rlew portal that counties must complete to receive Fiscal Recovery Funds. Read more Announcements and Resources 1 ~� ��������U __ ' __ _'_ ,_ � � � � � � Join Treasury Today fora Briefing on the New Guidance � Join the White House and U.S. Treasury Department for an additional briefing on the newly released Fiscal Recovery Funds today at1:OOpnnPDT. Read more Use the Power of the Media %oAmplify Your.COVU0»-19 Recovery Efforts As county leaders, our residents are looking to us more than ever during these uncertain times for information that directly affects their lives. Local leaders like you across the country are taking to the airwaves and print to get let residents know the latest information nn [(}V|O-19 pandennic'sdevastating effects, testing information, details on vaccine distribution and information on local economic recovery efforts. Read more. 40 STATE � Too Early tm Tell Whether Flattening COVUD-19Curve Will Continue � The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) released the latest COVID-19 modeling and � surveillance situation report. There are some signs in the most recent data that cases may be starting to � flatten, but disease activity remains high— meaning vaccination efforts and behavior like wearing masks, � keeping physical distance and gathering outdoors are still critical. Read more COVUD-19 Vaccine Distribution Update From the Washington State Department of HamU*h The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) is pleased to share our state achieved another incredible vaccine milestone this week. As of May 10, more than 6,046,656 doses of vaccine have been given in Washington.0�.a. dim"�� Everyone 12 and Older Now Eligible for Pfizer-BioNTech COVU0^-19 Vaccine The Washington State Department of Health (O{}H) has expanded [(]V|D 18vaccinee|igibi|itytoeveryone 12 and older following recommendations that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is safe and extremely effective 2 for 12 to 15-year-olds. Monday, the Fond and Drug Administration (FDA) granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) amendment to expand the Pfizer vaccine to people 12 years and older.The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (A[|P) and Western States Scientific Safety Review VVorkoroup voted to recommend the vaccine for immediate use. Read more 74 �M���L��N�����lF _—'' _— '_� Initial Unemployment Insurance Claims for Week of May 2 - May 8, 2021 During the week of May 2— May 8, there were 16,605initia| regular unemployment claims (up 58.0percent � from the prior week) and 436,114 total claims for all unemployment benefit categories (up 7.9 percent from the prior week) filed by Washingtonians, according to the Employment Security Department (ESD)..Rqp.d more "' "~O " °~W~~R. . . . Counties Giving Millions in Rental Assistance Before State Eviction Moratorium Ends Afedera|judge has vacated a nationwide ban on evictions, but many states, including Washington, have ` � their own temporary eviction bans in place. Washington Statn's eviction moratorium is scheduled to expire June 3O, but housing advocates said they need more time. Read more 0 VIRTUAL MEETINGS May 17' 12:00 pm | Virtual Assembly Register View this email in your browser This email was sent to Kdean@cojefferson.wa.us I Why did I get this? 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Update your references I Unsubscribe from this list Copyright©2021 WSAC,All rights reserved. 206 10th Ave SE•Olympia,WA 98501-1311 • USA I Contact Us 4 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 1:45 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: HCCC Board Meeting 19 May 2021 -Agenda with links attached Attachments: Agenda - DRAFT HCCC Board Regular Meeting Agenda 2021 May 19 with links.docx From: Jennifer Poole Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 1:43:56 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Charlotte Garrido; Dave Herrera; Dave Ward; Edward Wolfe; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Jeromy Sullivan; Joseph Pavel; Kate Dean; Kevin Shutty; Paul McCollum; Randy Neatherlin; Robert Gelder; Scott Brewer; Sharon Trask, Mason County Commissioner Cc: Diane Zoren; Gretchen Dunmire; Julie Shannon; Kaitlyn Floyd; Alicia Olivas; Haley Harguth; Heidi Huber; Patty Michak; Terry Fischer Subject: HCCC Board Meeting 19 May 2021 - Agenda with links attached CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. To the HCCC Board of Directors The next regular meeting of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council Board of Directors is scheduled for Wednesday, May 19,2021 at 1:00 p.m. Pacific via Zoom video/teleconference. The Draft Agenda with embedded links to all available materials is attached. Financial reports will be uploaded here (in our May 19 materials folder), and also sent to you by email link early next week. To Join the Zoom Meeting on May 19: https://zoom.us/i/93581727878 Meeting ID: 935 8172 7878 Passcode:279429 Dial by your location (253) 215 8782 Thank you, Jen nifer Jennifer Poole I Administrative Manager Hood Canal Coordinating Council I HCCC.wa.gov I OurHoodCanal.org 17791 Fjord Drive NE,Suite 118, Poulsbo,WA 98370 360-900-9063 I ipoole@hccc.wa.gov Note:All emails may be subject to public disclosure. 1 000RD"Vq). Hood Canal Coordinating CouncilJefferson,Kitsap&Mason Counties;Port Gamble s'Klallam&Skokomish Tribes I?S I.1985 Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors — Draft Agenda 19 May 2021; 1:00 PM to 1:35 PM (all topic times are approximate) By Zoom.com Video/Teleconference Join Zoom Meeting https://zoom.us/i/93581727878 Meeting ID: 935 8172 7878 Passcode: 279429 Dial by your location (253) 215 8782 US (Tacoma) 1:00 PM Call to Order, Introductions, Approval of Meeting Agenda David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair 1:05 PM Public Comment (please limit time to approximately 3 min. per person) David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair 1:10 PM Consent Items All matters listed under Consent Items have been distributed to each member of the Board for reading and study, are considered to be routine, and will be enacted by one motion of the Board with no separate discussion. If a separate discussion is desired, that item may be removed from the Consent Items and placed as an additional topic by request. 1. Draft Board Meeting Summary March 17, 2021 2. Cash Disbursements Journal March 1-31, 2021 3. Cash Disbursements Journal April 1-30, 2021 4. Total Funds Life to Date as of April 30, 2021 5. HCCC draft annual charitable organization renewal with the Washington Secretary of State confirming that, "The organization's governing body or information provided where committee has reviewed and accepted the financial p renewal will be filed online with a Board officer's approval at The p applicable." the time of filing to allow the HCCC Administrative Manager to execute the filing on the officer's behalf. HCCC Board outcome: Motion to approve consent items. 1:15 PM Executive Director Updates HCCC Staff on behalf of Scott Brewer, Executive Director 1. Delegation of Authority. Notification to Board of Directors of Executive Director's Delegation to Authorize Disbursement or Commit Funds for the Council was distributed to the Board on May 6, 2021. A fully executed copy is included with the May Board meeting materials for reference. HCCC Board of Directors Meeting Agenda 1 2. Office Leases. HCCC renewed its Office Leases at the Liberty Bay Marina in Poulsbo for another year, effective July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. 3. Puget Sound Partnership Ecosystem Coordination Board Representative updates. 4. Grant Progress Reports (2021 Q1): a. Local Integrating Organization b. Summer Chum Issues Assessment c. Landscape Assessment & Prioritization Tool Phase 2 d. Hood Canal Shellfish Initiative e. Hood Canal Regional Pollution Identification and Correction Program Phase 4. HCCC Board outcome: The Board has been updated on the key topics. 1:25 PM Local Government Investment Program (LGIP) Resolution Terry Fischer, HCCC Accountant 1. HCCC has prepared the authorization form to set up an account with the Local Government Investment Program offered through the State of Washington, including online access for contributions and withdrawals by HCCC Executive Director, Scott Brewer, and HCCC Accountant, Terry Fischer. 2. To proceed with opening the account, the HCCC Board will need to approve the Resolution Authorizing Investment of Hood Canal Coordinating Council Monies in the Local Government Investment Pool (LGIP). The HCCC Board has been provided with the LGIP Money Market Fund Prospectus dated August 2016. 3. Discuss the proposed Resolution. 4. Next steps: If approved, the Resolution will be circulated for signature, the authorization form will be signed and notarized, and the fully executed documents will be submitted to open the LGIP account. HCCC Board outcome: Motion to approve the Resolution Authorizing Investment of Hood Canal Coordinating Council Monies in the Local Government Investment Pool (LGIP). 1:30 PM Public Comment and Hood Canal Happenings David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair 1:35 PM Adjournment and Next Meeting David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair Next meeting: Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors and Citizens' Committee Meeting is 16 June 2021 (1:00 to 4:00 p.m.) via Zoom.com teleconference. For more information about this meeting contact Jennifer Poole at 360-900-9063 jpoole@hccc.wa.gov. Visit www.hccc.wa.gov for more information about our Mission, Vision, Core Values, Board Members, Events, News and documents Library. HCCC Board of Directors Meeting Agenda 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 2:05 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Senate Bill 5040 Funding Opportunity through the Community Litter Cleanup Program From: Paul Jewell Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 2:03:15 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: WACSWM; WSAC_AII Members Subject: FW: Senate Bill 5040 Funding Opportunity through the Community Litter Cleanup Program CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good afternoon! Please see the notification below for a new funding opportunity from Ecology for litter control on state highway ramps. Please let me know if there's anything further I can do to help. Sincerely, Paul Jewell I Policy Director—Water, Land Use, Environment&Solid Waste Washington State Association of Counties I wsac.orq pjewell@wsac.org 1360.489.3024 Disclaimer:Documents and correspondence are available under state law. This email may be disdosable to a third party requester. New funding opportunity for local governments I'm emailing you about a new funding opportunity for local governments. Senate Bill 5040, the Welcome to Washington Act,just passed in the 2021 Legislative Session. It authorizes all local governments to apply to Ecology for reimbursement of litter cleanup activities on state highway ramps located within their jurisdiction. Administered through CLCP Ecology is incorporating this new funding into the Community Litter Cleanup Program (CLCP). We recently published an addendum to the CLCP Guidelines. Please read Appendix C: Senate Bill 5040 Funding Opportunity. Ecology will provide up to $250,000 in additional funding through CLCP to reimburse interested local governments for cleaning state highway ramps located in their jurisdiction. Application period Since the CLCP grant application period closed, Ecology is offering a four-week application period outside of the Ecology Administration of Grants and Loans system (EAGL). The application period for Senate Bill 5040 funding begins May 13, 2021 and closes at 5 p.m. on June 11, 2021. Who to contact with questions If you have any questions after reading through Appendix C in the CLCP Guidelines, please contact your Regional Litter Administrator. 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 3:13 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:JTA Kingston Route Public Meeting From: Sara J. Peck Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 3:12:30 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Ariel Speser; David Faber; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Kate Dean Cc: Tammi Rubert; Miranda Nash Subject: JTA Kingston Route Public Meeting CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Greetings, JTA will hold a Public Meeting on Wednesday, May 26th from 3-5 pm. This meeting is a presentation on the Kingston route service implementation. This presentation is also on the agenda for the June Board meeting. Please let me know there will be the possibility of a quorum for the May 26th meeting as I need to post a legal notice in the paper. Kind regards, Si'Peck/ Executive Assistant/Clerk of the Board Jefferson Transit Authority 63 4 Corners Road, Port Townsend,WA 98368 speck(cilieffersontransit.com 1360-385-3020 x 108 1 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 5:36 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:JTA Special Board Meeting Packet and Meeting Link Attachments: Special Meeting Packet 5-18-21.docx.pdf From: Sara J. Peck Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 5:33:01 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Ariel Speser; David Faber; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Kate Dean Cc: Tammi Rubert Subject: JTA Special Board Meeting Packet and Meeting Link CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Greetings, Please find attached the May 18th Special Board Meeting Packet. The following is the GoToMeeting invitation: Please join my meeting from your computer, tablet or smartphone. https://www.potomeet.me/JeffErson2/authority-board You can also dial in using your phone. United States(Toll Free):1 877 568 4106 Access Code:210-818-749 Kind regards, Sj Peck. Executive Assistant/Clerk of the Board Jefferson Transit Authority 63 4 Corners Road,Port Townsend,WA 98368 speckaieffersontransit.com 1360-385-3020 x 108 1 JE FFERSON TRANSIT solilraFitil AUTHORITY BOARD MEETING sti Tuesday, May 18, 2021, 1:30 p.m. TRANSIT REMOTE SPECIAL MEETING AGENDA COVID-19 NOTICE: NO IN-PERSON ATTENDANCE ALLOWED (Per Governor Inslee's Amended Proclamation 20-28) To listen to meeting live dial: 1 (877) 568 4106 (Toll Free within United States) 1 (571) 317-31 29 (Outside the United States) Access Code: 210-818-749 Call to Order/Welcome Public Comment SUBMITTING COMMENTS DURING COVID-19: During social distancing for the COVID-19 pandemic, citizens can submit public comments remotely to Jefferson Transit by email. Comments will be read aloud by staff for up to three minute's during the meeting's public comment period. Email comments to speckieffersontransit.com, before the 1:30 PM meeting start time. JTA will make every effort to accommodate live public comments during the Public Comment portions of the meeting. I. New Business a. Local 20/20 TLAB Presentation b. Fehr & Peers Presentation Public Comment Adjournment Individuals requiring reasonable accommodation may request written materials in alternative formats,physical accessibility accommodations or other reasonable accommodation by calling(360)385-4777 or TDD/TTY users dial 711 to reach a relay operator. Local 20/20 TLAB References and Resources: 1 . Jefferson County Recent Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2011 . Innovative Rural Transit Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.orq/10.17226/14605 k° x, r a - :]::""""liilli;,iii, , ',„fifii•;-•'.14;q::.L.'• •-•-•'"-'"4"'"""`"t"- :::::‘`:;17:;::7.7'i!':::;11ii 0'.: klt!. lil;.!!i;.:••':. ,.;•::':,kt! 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O C = Q CD CD O n N -1 —• QDi CD C— nCD '* cn r-r �• O -5 N o -o = < O o CD < � O c O �i- -t, = CD 3 CD G) vP 0 F. s • • • 0 -rl = G 0 ( m • • • • • O O MOP. -d Q D . ., fD n etm fDcn � N ° rm 3 = '< r* D( rz •� n -• w rit ti, fD = D CO -1 S ) 8 O fD 0 n IT #t 0 -) to , m fD 0 m -N O nit CL-I N r-1 = ° C1 N -' CD-2 O Q fD fD N i * fD fD 3 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 6:02 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: LET'S CELEBRATE From: Kathleen Waldron Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 6:02:08 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean; Heidi Eisenhour; Greg Brotherton Cc: Carol Gonnella; Patricia Earnest Subject: Fwd: LET"S CELEBRATE CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Hi Kate,Greg& Heidi^' I cannot imagine what you are going through right now, but no doubt you need some play time! We would love to have you come to our Celebration Gathering at the Marrowstone Vineyards on May 27th! Without your tireless efforts&support, nothing would have changed.Thank you all so much! And Greg, if you feel moved to sing,we would be very honored. :) Kathleen Begin forwarded message: From: Carol Gonnella <carolgonnella@gmail.com> Subject: LET"S CELEBRATE Date: May 13, 2021 at 2:43:00 PM PDT TOGETHER WE DID IT! It's time to have a party to celebrate that Jefferson County has now protected all zones designated Rural Residential in Jefferson County from commercial marijuana facilities. This achievement would not have been successful without your help. WHERE IS THE PARTY: Marrowstone Vineyards-423 Meade Road, Nordland WA James has graciously offered his winery on Marrowstone Island for this event. WHEN: THURSDAY, MAY 27 from 3:00 to 6:00. WHAT SHOULD YOU BRING: It will be a no-host bar of wine and sparkling water. We ask everyone to bring a simple appetizer and a non-alcoholic beverage if you so desire, This will be an outside event as we want to keep everyone safe. 1 Please join us to celebrate what we did together in creating better protections for our wonderful homes and communities. 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 6:43 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Coronavirus Pandemic Resources for Counties— May 14, 2021 From: NACo Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 6:42:42 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Coronavirus Pandemic Resources for Counties— May 14, 2021 CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Having trouble viewing this email? Click Here CORONAVIRUS (GOVID-19) ecooces RESOURCES FOR COUNTIES � ` NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES I NACo.org/coronavirus MAY 14, 2021 , 4,-. 1,1 i"- 401 ""P„-,"-, ,-'6" Fi.„ ,.. I_ _ ,,,,, _ 0 , °l'p41 = e I ... ,„ k14' , w: { a °,4 i' .4. " ' ,... .< 4 0,-, ,,, ..,,,;' , 't ' ''' "*, . .ii'4't,,..: '-'?''t'' ''' ' - ''S ' 't,i''' rt`' d „.,. k°,... ';g rA te'' e f„ 4 i 1 -N,-..„; wis : 1 TREASURY OPENS PORTAL FOR COUNTIES TO RECEIVE FISCAL RECOVERY FUNDS; NACo RELEASES RESOURCES FOR COUNTY LEADERS On Monday, the U.S. Department of the Treasury released guidance on the State and Local Coronavirus Fiscal Recovery Funds (Recovery Fund), part of the American Rescue Plan Act. The bill includes $65.1 billion in direct, flexible aid to every county in America, as well as other crucial investments in local communities. Additionally,the U.S. Treasury opened the new portal that counties must use to receive Recovery Funds. NACo is hosting a series of national membership calls, sharing resources and addressing member questions through the NACo COVID-19 Recovery Clearinghouse. Below, access call recordings and presentation slides, and submit your questions. Stay tuned for our in-depth analysis of Treasury's new guidance in the coming days. LEARN MORE I ASK A QUESTION THIS WEEK'S NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP CALL RESOURCES: MONDAY I THURSDAY NACo National Member Call with the U.S. Department of the Treasury on the Federal Emergency Rental Assistance 2 Program TODAY,May 14 11—2 p.m. EDT r On May 7,the U.S. Department of the Treasury announced the allocation of the additional$21.6 billion provided under the American Rescue Plan Act for Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA 2), including$2.5 billion in targeted assistance to the highest need areas.View the allocations to states and eligible units of local government,including counties with populations above 200,000,here. Treasury released updated Frequently Asked Questions,which provide further clarity on the program, outline differences between ERA1, established under the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, and ERA2, and offer enhanced flexibilities for local government grantees.Join NACo and Treasury officials today for an overview of the new ERA guidance and the ERA 2 state and local allocations. Please note this call is for NACo members only. REGISTER FOR THE CALL 411) u9A Send NACo your questions on recovery 1:, NACo staff are ready to answer your questions on COVID-19 recovery efforts ' and American Rescue Plan Act implementation.Visit the NACo Recovery ' Clearinghouse for important information and to ask a question. '; 0 ASK A QUESTION kn COFEDERAL POLICY NEWS & RESOURCES CDC says fully vaccinated people no longer need to use masks in most cases - if '` f'' Yesterday,the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)announced � that fully vaccinated people no longer need to wear a mask or physically "/ / ' " ,r . distance in any setting, except where required by federal,state, local,tribal or CeNT' R$ 'FOR c"" " c territorial laws, including local business and workplace guidance. CONTROL AND PRCYcNT"QN LEARN MORE III° CO FDA amends Pfizer vaccine emergency use authorization to include children aged 12-15 AOn May 10,the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)amended its emergency use authorization for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to include children aged 12-15. On May 12,the CDC recommended that the vaccine be used in this population,signaling the immediate use of this vaccine for adolescents in provider settings. LEARN MORE CIO (:) Biden administration invests $7 billion from the American Rescue Plan into the public health workforce On May 13,the Biden Administration announced it would be investing$7.4 u billion from the American Rescue Plan to recruit and hire public health -, workers.The funding will go toward workforce initiatives that will add staff to A '', local public health departments. LEARN MORE 4110 C) TOP COUNTY FAQS ON RECOVERY FUND NACo staff are answering county questions on the State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund through the NACo COVID-19 Recovery Clearinghouse. See the most frequently asked questions below, and click here to ask your question. Q How do counties request funds? Counties must submit a request to receive funding even if they have previously applied for A other programs through the?Treasury Submission Portal. Counties will receive further communications regarding the status of their submission via the email address provided in the Treasury Submission Portal. For additional certification requirements needed prior to registering in the portal, click here. For questions about the Treasury Submission Portal or technical support, email?covidreliefitsupport@treasury.gov. For general questions about the program, email?SLFRP@treasury.gov. Q What should a county do if they are not listed in the Treasury Portal? A During the original launch of the Treasury Submission Portal for the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds, an administrative error resulted in some eligible entities not being included in the drop-down selection list. Treasury has updated the drop-down selection and now includes all eligible entities. Entities that completed their submissions previously under the "Other" entity type do not need to resubmit their information. If you believe your entity is eligible and the entity name is not included on the list, please email SLFRP@treasury.gov for assistance. Q What is ID.me and is it safe to use? A ID.me is a trusted technology partner to multiple government agencies. Your information is secure when using this platform. Treasury is using this platform because it ensures a secure digital identity verification to government agencies to make sure you are you —not someone else pretending to be you —when you are requesting Recovery Funds. All counties requesting funds must use this platform to receive an allocation. CN CountyNews HOW COUNTIES ARE RESPONDING 4 Vaccination efforts focus on the incarcerated County jails are essentially high-risk congregate shelters where COVID-19 could ,hgr' spread rapidly. ° LEARN MORE 400 IC) County News Coverage: COVID-19 County News has explored many facets of county governments' response to the COVID-19 pandemic, big and small. LEARN MORE NACo PARTNER RESOURCES How to Track and Manage Your County's COVID-19 Cost Recovery: 1 Ell 1 °' Hagerty Consulting explores how counties continue to respond to COVID-19 and distribute vaccines, keep up with federal funding opportunities and navigate shifting eligibility requirements. HAGERTY COVID-19 UPDATES FROM NACo During this critical and unprecedented time, NACo is focused on advocating for the needs of counties at the federal level, disseminating useful information to our members and facilitating the exchange of effective strategies and approaches. We share the latest news and resources online at www.NACo.org/coronavirus, as well as via this recurring digest. Click below to subscribe to updates. 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' a ' f� : «if ,aR NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 'cOu!i 1ES 660 North Capitol Street,NW,Suite 400 Washington,D.C.20001 tor f IinI + Did someone forward you this email?Sign up to stay up to date on topics affecting America's counties! Click here to unsubscribe. 6 jeffbocc From: kirie pedersen <kirie.pedersen@gmail.com> Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 12:01 PM To: exchanges@dnr.wa.gov Cc: jeffbocc Subject: Dabob Bay CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Greetings, As long-time Dabob Bay residents and property owners, our family supports proposed Department of Natural Resource protection of the state forest lands within the Dabob Bay Natural Area Boundaries. We request that School Trust parcels CS 6, 7, 11 , 12 and 13 on Toandos Peninsula not be included in the exchange. These parcels include rare and well- documented forest types essential for preservation. My family settled here in 1946 and we are now into our fifth generation as residents. We continue our lifelong documentation of the multiple species that occur in Dabob Bay and on adjoining shorelines, bluffs, forests, and related upland habitats. Please see my partial summary of Brinnon-area history and habitat at www.brinnoninfo.com. We continue to work closely with habitat biologists to document events of international significance such as the Pacific Herring spawning that occurs here annually. When the forests around Dabob are logged, the bluffs erode onto the shoreline, which causes devastation at multiple levels. Because of protections by various groups, Dabob's environment is recovering, but ongoing and expanded protections remain essential. Please protect Dabob Bay and surrounding areas in perpetuity to provide healthy habitat and a learning environment for present and future generations. Thank you for your consideration. Kirie Pedersen and family 687 Pulali Point Road (POB 687) Brinnon, WA 98320 1 2 jeffbocc From: Walton, Katherine (GOV) <Katherine.Walton@gov.wa.gov> Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 12:57 PM Subject: Gov's Press Conference at 2:30pm Today CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good afternoon, I wanted to give you a heads up that at 2:30pm today on TVW the Governor will give an update on the state's ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Let me know if you have any questions! Best, Katherine Katherine Walton (she/her) South Sound and Olympic Peninsula Regional Representative Office of Governor Jay Inslee - Mobile: 360.819.0283 www.governor.wa.gov I katherine.walton@gov.wa.gov Email communications with state employees are public records and may be subject to disclosure,pursuant to Ch. 42.56 RCW 1 jeffbocc From: Butler, Alicia <Alicia.Butler@mail.house.gov> Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 11:23 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Response From Representative Kilmer Attachments: 5.13.21 Jefferson Board of County Comissioners.pdf CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Hello, I hope that this message finds you well. Please kindly find attached a message from Representative Derek Kilmer in response to your letter. If our office can assist you any further, please don't hesitate to contact me at alicia.butler@mail.house.gov or at 202-225-5916.Thank you very much for your time. Sincerely, A 3 I C I A BUT L E R Press/Staff Assistant Office of Representative Derek Kilmer 1410 Longworth HOB ! Washington, DC 20515 1202-225-5916 Kilmer.house.gov Twitter: @repderekkilmer I Facebook: @Derek.Kilmer 1 nr-srK K!MEP Lr "4W:.='Fgr.Fr415:T1Ot,f; `F F, " Congre55 of tlje MIMI tatera' htJD LxI e ;f: i a1Jt?. .,3 yt r,�.�, itymof of tieprtsti t 1titic Washington, DC 203t3-47C6 f. t ... May 13, 2021 Chair Dean, Commissioner Brotherton, and Commissioner Eisenhour Dear Chair Dean, Commissioner Brotherton, and Commissioner Eisenhour, Thank you for contacting me regarding the management of the lower Snake River dams, as well as the critical importance of promoting healthy and robust salmon and orca populations in our region. I'm grateful for your leadership and your partnership on these important issues facing our region. Like you, one of the reasons I enjoy living in our region is because I value the richness of our environment. Our oceans are diverse, incredible ecosystems with some of the most important creatures and organisms on the planet—including the orca, our state marine mammal. Unfortunately, studies have shown that the Pacific Northwest orca population has declined dramatically over the last 50 years. It is clear that our orca population is in critical condition and we must take immediate actions to help recover this iconic species. Furthermore, I recognize that salmon recovery is both an environmental and cultural concern in Washington State—our home state's economy and identity are directly tied to the health of our salmon. As you know, there has been an ongoing debate about the best course of action for managing the Columbia River System Operations (CRSO),which consists of 31 federal dams including Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite, which are commonly known as the lower four Snake River dams. Recently, some environmental and wildlife groups that have long supported the removal of the lower four Snake River dams to help recover endangered salmon stocks have also suggested that removal of these dams could play a key role in recovering the Southern Resident Orca population. Following the release of Representative Simpson's conceptual framework for a Columbia Basin Fund, I have been publicly committed to working with folks in our communities and my colleagues in Congress to support a regional dialogue to build consensus around a path forward that is grounded in the best available science, honors Tribal treaty rights, and reflects the cultural and economic values of our region, because I believe this is the only way to break the decades- long cycle of litigation over the operation of the lower four Snake River dams. Representative Simpson's framework offers a lot of substance for our regional stakeholders to consider, but there is still an enormous amount of work to do—both to build the consensus among impacted stakeholders and communities that is necessary to create durable solutions, and to do the difficult job of translating these concepts into actionable federal policies. In my view, the four Governors' Columbia Basin Collaborative process is the most constructive venue for that dialogue to take place—but ultimately it is up to the stakeholders and communities in our region to come to the table to ensure this is a successful process. I am a willing partner in this process. It is absolutely imperative that any future federal actions are based both on sound science and on consensus recommendations from the region.As these regional stakeholder discussions continue, I am firmly committed to working with folks in our communities and my colleagues in Congress to support that approach. Moreover, as a member of the House Appropriations Committee and the Subcommittee on Interior and the Environment, I am committed to enhancing funding for programs that would support salmon recovery. In fact, I'm happy to share that this past year,we secured an increase in funding for the Puget Sound Geographic Program, which provides critical grant support to state, local, and Tribal governments to implement projects to improve water quality and enhance fish passage and salmon habitat. Securing additional funding to restore the Sound is a big deal if we're going to recover our salmon populations, and I was pleased to vote for the passage of this increase.Additionally, as a member of the Committee, I have worked to secure key funding increases in NOAA's budget to help recover salmon stocks and support the commercial, recreational and Tribal fisheries that depend on them, including funding for the implementation of the newly ratified Pacific Salmon Treaty, funding to support Mitchell Act hatchery activities, and funding to support communities impacted by recent fisheries disasters. I'll keep at it! As these conversations continue, I encourage you to keep sharing your views with me on this topic or any other issue. Thank you again for reaching out. Sincerely, Derek Kilmer Member of Congress jeffbocc From: Lucas Hall <lhall@lltk.org> Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 3:48 PM Cc: Iris Kemp Subject: Share Availability - Hood Canal Bridge Management Cmte. Meeting from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments CAUTION: This email originatedg p g or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Management Committee Members and Interested Parties, Please share your availability HERE by May 21 (Friday)for a 90min remote meeting near the end of June. Thanks to the hard work of many, $3.6 million for fish passage at the Hood Canal Bridge was included in the State's biennial budget.The Assessment Team and our engineers are working to refine designs, finalize assessment plans, and secure additional funding. During this meeting, we will review relevant details regarding the design, operations, and assessment of fish passage devices to be deployed at the bridge, as well as other potential phase 2 components. Best, - Lucas (I am out of the office until 5/24. Please direct urgent questions to Iris Kemp ikemp@Iltk.org.) Lucas Hall Senior Project Manager 206-382-9555 ext. 30 Linkedln Long Live the Kings 1326 5th Ave.Ste. 450 Seattle, WA 98101 Restoring wild salmon and steelhead i Supporting sustainable fishing in the Pacific Northwest 1 jeffbocc From: Dan Toepper <dtoepper@jeffpud.org> Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 3:58 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: FW:ADO designation CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. I entered the wrong email address for your Board. Sorry for the confusion. Dan Public Utility District No. 1 of Jefferson County is subject to the Washington Public Records Act, RCW 42.56. Therefore, this email and its attachments, if any, may he disclosed as a public record. Public Utility District No. 1 of Jefferson County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. From: Dan Toepper Sent:Thursday, May 13, 2021 3:50 PM To: 'Brian Kuh'<director@edcteamjefferson.org>; 'ben@bauermeister.com'<ben@bauermeister.com> Cc: Kevin Streett<kstreett@jeffpud.org>; 'Joel R. Paisner'<joel@ascentllp.com>; Ken Collins<kcollins@jeffpud.org>;Jeff Randall<jrandall@jeffpud.org>; 'JeffBoCC@co.jefferson.wa'<JeffBoCC@co.jefferson.wa>; 'phanke@portofpt.com' <phanke@portofpt.com>; 'pam@portofpt.com'<pam@portofpt.com>; 'bill@portofpt.com'<bill@portofpt.com>; 'msandoval@cityofpt.us'<msandoval@cityofpt.us>; 'dfaber@cityofpt.us'<dfaber@cityofpt.us>; 'ahoward@cityofpt.us' <ahoward@cityofpt.us>; 'aspeser@cityofpt.us'<aspeser@cityofpt.us>; 'mmickhager@cityofpt.us' <mmickhager@cityofpt.us>; 'orowe@cityofpt.us'<orowe@cityofpt.us>; 'padams@cityofpt.us'<padams@cityofpt.us>; 'Tom Thiersch'<tprosys@gmail.com>; 'bertgh@olypen.com'<bertgh@olypen.com> Subject:ADO designation PLEASE DO NOT REPLY TO ALL Mr. Bauermeister and Mr. Kuh: I have some questions for the EDC that stem from reviewing the draft ADO pre-designation agreement. It would be helpful to know your responses before my PUD board meeting on May 18 and the ICG meeting on the 20t'. The questions are for my own information as a PUD Commissioner for District 3 and should not be construed as a JPUD Board request or to imply any JPUD Board consensus or position on any specific issue. 1. The EDC currently receives public funds from Jefferson County government(PIF funds). As an ADO, will the EDC be subject to RCW 42.56, the Public Records Act and are you obligated to honor Public Records requests on any of your activities other than the financial reports you must make? Also, are your board meetings open to the public? 1 2. Does EDC have a written policy or process for staff and board members to disclose any potential conflicts of interest regarding EDC decisions or activities? 3. Will the EDC be providing advisory services, staff resources or any financial and/or funding resources to the Public Development Authority at Fort Worden? 4. Do you provide EDC resources or services to businesses or non-profits that fall under PDA jurisdiction or that supply revenue, gifts, or in-kind contributions to the PDA? 5. How many of the thirteen current EDC Board members listed on the EDC website have a Port Townsend residential and/or business address? How many members reside outside of Jefferson County? 6. Do any members of the EDC Board or EDC staff have a previous or current association and/or employment history with Craft 3? 7. Do realtors and/or commercial property management entities county-wide get unrestricted access and equal notification in utilizing EDC resources or services? 8. How will EDC ensure geographic and economic sector equity and ensure diversity of consideration for new or diverse business ventures when allocating its resources or services throughout the entire county? Thank you for your consideration and your attention. Dan Toepper JPUD District 3 Commissioner 2 jeffbocc From: Washington State Department of Transportation <wsdot@service.govdelivery.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 10:07 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Total night closures scheduled for SR 104 Hood Canal Bridge CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Washington State 7F Department of Transportation Washington State Department of Transportation Olympic Region—PO Box 47440—Olympia, WA 98504-7440—360-357-2600 TRAVEL ADVISORY May 14, 2021 Contact: Doug Adamson, communications, 360-357-2716 Total night closures scheduled for SR 104 Hood Canal Bridge SHINE—Travelers are encouraged to plan for three nights where the State Route 104 Hood Canal Bridge will close to vehicle traffic using the bridge. Travelers should expect the bridge to be totally closed each night. Overnight bridge closure schedule • 11 p.m. Tuesday, May 18 to 4 a.m. Wednesday, May 19 • 11 p.m. Wednesday, May 19 to 4 a.m. Thursday, May 20 • 11 p.m. Thursday, May 20 to 4 a.m. Friday, May 21 The bridge may open to travelers at unscheduled times as work allows. The work could be rescheduled due to weather. The closures are related to a project to keep the bridge in good working order. Traveler tools Travelers are encouraged to download the latest WSDOT app, sign up for WSDOT email updates and check the WSDOT Hood Canal Bridge web page. Hyperlinks within the release: • Project: wa.gov/projects/srI04/hood-canal-bridge-centerlock/home 1 • WSDOT app: wa.gov/travel/know-before-you-go/mobile-app • Email updates: govdelivery.com/accounts/WADOT/subscriber/new?topic_id=WADOT_190 • Hood Canal Bridge: wsdot.com/traffic/hoodcanal/ ### WSDOT keeps people, businesses and the economy moving by operating and improving the state's transportation systems. To learn more about what we're doing, go to www.wsdot.wa.gov/news for pictures, videos, news and blogs. Real time traffic information is available at wsdot.com/traffic or by dialing 511. STAY CONNECTED: la oft SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: Manage Preferences Unsubscribe Help This email was sent to jeffbocc@co.jefferson.wa.us using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of: Washington State Department of Transportation 310 Maple Park Ave SE •Olympia,WA 98504 2 jeffbocc From: Tom Thiersch <tprosys@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 8:39 AM To: jeffbocc Cc: news@ptleader.com; news@peninsuladailynews.com Subject: FW:OPMA violations on social media Attachments: Social Media Action Plan - County Facebook Page.docx CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Commissioners: I TOLD YOU SO. Note that as of February, 2021, Central Services is the only department of Jefferson County government that has prepared a Social Media Action Plan (SMAP), a document which is required by the county's Social Media policy (BoCC Resolution 14 20, March 20, 2020 Page 6): 5.2 Existing Social Media Accounts. Departments using social media accounts created prior to the publication of this policy must work with Central Services to complete a SMAP. "must" is unambiguous. How can you continue to turn a blind eye to county department heads' total failure to comply with a that requirement? How much more public money is going to be wasted because of your poor judgment in this matter? As I have said all along, the only long-term cure for this problem is to completely replace the existing policy with one that prohibits the use of any social media site on which others can post comments. If the public needs to contact any part of county government, there are numerous other means including but not limited to in-person conversations, public comments at meetings, phone calls, emails, letters, and even faxes. Stated simply: It's entirely appropriate and necessary for the county to communicate to the public using any and all media. However, the county's online presence should be one-way only. Tom Thiersch Ref: https://www.ptleader.com/stories/jefferson-county-settles-lawsuit-on-facebook-page,75057 https://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/Jefferson-county-settles-social-media-lawsuit/ From:jeffbocc<jeffbocc@co.jefferson.wa.us> Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 12:34 PM To:tprosys@gmail.com Subject: FW:OPMA violations on social media 1 From:Greg Brotherton <GBrotherton@co.jefferson.wa.us> Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 11:33 AM To:jeffbocc<jeffbocc@co.jefferson.wa.us>; Kate Dean <KDean@co.jefferson.wa.us>; David Sullivan <dsullivan@co.iefferson.wa.us>; Philip Morley<pmorley@co.iefferson.wa.us>; Mark McCauley <MMcCauley@co.iefferson.wa.us>; Philip Hunsucker<PHunsucker@co.jefferson.wa.us> Subject: RE: OPMA violations on social media Thanks for the note,Tom, We're certainly aware of the risks, and hope to prevent OPMA violations. We will continue to be vigilant about OPMA and hope that this policy helps us create a culture to prevent those violations, and a framework to identify them quickly. We're following guidelines from MRSC and others to create this and if it does create problems, we will open this policy back up. I do appreciate your wisdom and attention to this issue now and in the future, Greg Brotherton Jefferson County Commissioner, District 3 1820 Jefferson Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 (360)385-9100 gbrotherton@co.iefferson.wa.us From:jeffbocc<ieffbocc@co.iefferson.wa.us> Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 9:38 AM To:Greg Brotherton<GBrotherton@co.jefferson.wa.us>; Kate Dean<KDean@co.jefferson.wa.us>; David Sullivan <dsullivan@co.jefferson.wa.us>; Philip Morley<pmorley@co.jefferson.wa.us>; Mark McCauley <MMcCauley@co.jefferson.wa.us>; Philip Hunsucker<PHunsucker@co.iefferson.wa.us> Subject: FW: OPMA violations on social media From:Tom Thiersch<tprosys@gmail.com> Sent:Saturday, March 28, 2020 10:00 AM To:jeffbocc<ieffbocc@co.iefferson.wa.us> Subject:OPMA violations on social media CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Commissioners, The new Social Media policy that you just adopted, which not only allows but actually requires "conversations" on some of those platforms (e.g., Twitter), will lead to costly litigation that will be funded by taxpayers. I am very disappointed that you adopted the new policy in that form. As soon as enough people have replied to or commented on the same post/comment/message, and that number of people are all members of the same commission (e.g., Planning Commission) or other subagency of Jefferson County, and that number constitutes a quorum thereof, those participants will all have violated the Open Public Meetings Act because they have conducted a meeting that was not open to the public. 2 Comments can be widely separated in time, and other comments/replies in a discussion/thread might not be fully visible; nonetheless, such a discussion will consitute an illegal meeting. Those found to be in violation of the OPMA will be subject to personal penalties of$500 & $1,000 per incident. All of this would have been completely preventable if you had simply adopted the policy with a "read-only" provision. You discussed all of this in your deliberations, and yet you chose to ignore the very real consequences. You never quantified, or even described, what tangible public benefits would be provided that would justify taking such risks. Oh, and don't even think about saying, "We can always change the policy later". That's a disingenuous argument because you know full well that you only revise a policy about once every ten years, if ever. Taxpayers will foot the bill for your poor decision, and that's not acceptable. Tom Thiersch Member, Washington Coalition for Open Government ____[RCW 42.30.010 Open Public Meetings Act]==== ====[RCW 42.56.030 Public Records Act]____ "The people of this state do not yield their sovereignty to the agencies that serve them. The people,in delegating authority,do not give their public servants the right to decide what is good for the people to know and what is not good for them to know.The people insist on remaining informed so that they may maintain control over the instruments that they have created." ### SAVE PAPER-Please do not print this e-mail unless absolutely necessary. ***Email may be considered a public record subject to public disclosure under RCW 42.56*** 3 Social Media Action Plan For all new social media accounts, prospective administrators must submit a Social Media Action Plan (SMAP) to the Central Services Director. SMAPs must be also submitted for all social media accounts in existence before the adoption on March 16, 2020 of the county's Social Media Policy Please allow five business days for a response. Submit your SMAP two to four weeks before you intend to launch the account to allow time for adjustments. Each administrator must have a SMAP on record for official Jefferson County social media accounts. Administrators should have a full communications plan that incorporates social media and aligns with Jefferson County's mission and priorities. Administrators should also familiarize themselves with Jefferson County's Social Media Policy. Please use the SMAP as a conversation starter to help your team determine audiences, choose a platform and set goals; and success metrics, etc. for social media engagement. Questions? Please contact the Central Services Director at 360-385-9130 or at mmccauley@co.jefferson.wa.us. Section I: Department Information Department: Central Services Primary Account Administrator: Jeannie McMacken Secondary Account Administrator: N/A PIO/Manager: Mark McCauley Proposed Launch Date: Launched in October 2019. Proposed Platform/Tool: Facebook Proposed Account Name/Handle: Jefferson County, Washington Government Proposed About Us (Note: Twitter bio character limit is 160 characters, Facebook is 255 characters and Instagram is 150 characters): Welcome to Jefferson County, Washington OCIOBER 4.2019 Founded on December 22, 1852, Jefferson County is a political sub-division of the state of Washington with three elected commissioners representing diverse districts. Over 300 staff provide county-wide services to 32,000 residents including public safety, law &justice, public health, community development, emergency management, public works, planning, elections, and recreation. 1 Jefferson County is geographically diverse with three distinct regions: eastern Jefferson County bounded by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Admiralty Inlet, and Puget Sound; uninhabited central Jefferson County within Olympic National Park and Olympic National Forest; and western Jefferson County along the Pacific Ocean. Its largest city, Port Townsend, is the county seat. The Hood Canal Bridge connects Jefferson to Kitsap County while the Coupeville - Port Townsend Ferry connects to Whidbey Island in Island County. This Facebook page will be a source of news and information. It is subject to applicable public records laws. Proposed Profile Photo/Avatar (Note: Your profile photo/avatar should clearly incorporate Jefferson County/agency branding): Please attach. SON rU SHING��� Official Website: https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/ Section II: Social Strategy Goals/Business Outcomes Briefly describe the overarching vision for your new social media presence. What goals have you set for your new account? The overarching goal is to give our citizenry information on a more real time basis. An involved and informed citizenry is a desirable goal. How will a new social media presence help to improve your organization's business outcomes? What do you hope to accomplish? Jefferson County will benefit from a more informed citizenry. Facebook allows people to follow events in their news feed rather than having to go to a more static web page. Existing Engagement Tools Which established Jefferson County social media assets could be leveraged to share your messaging? Could they be used rather than creating a new account? None. No. How does social media fit into your communications and outreach work, as well as your communications strategy? How will it support or supplement what's already taking place? Facebook will augment our county web page as a means of sharing information with the public. Target Audience 2 Who do you intend to reach? How does your proposed social platform connect you with your intended audience? How will your posts encourage interaction with your audience? Our goal is to reach as many citizens as possible with news as it happens. Informed citizens are more likely to engage with the county, either through commenting on posts or my commenting during the Commissioners public comment time at their Monday morning meetings. Content What is your plan for creating, reviewing and scheduling content that will benefit and engage your intended audience? We will follow events at the county as they occur and will accurately report on those events. Our posts will be fact-based sharing information of interest to our citizenry. Frequency Does your team have the capacity to update the account on a regular basis, through original content, shares, retweets, etc.? (Please consult best practices below.) Yes, we have that capacity. Social Media Platform Post Frequency Facebook 1-2 posts per day Twitter 3-5 tweets per day Instagram 1-2 posts per day LinkedIn 1-2 posts per day YouTube 1-2 videos per week Nextdoor 1-2 posts per week Editorial Calendar Please provide an editorial content calendar outlining your posts for the first six weeks after launch. At launch our Facebook page will post the results of Commissioner meetings, meeting of some citizen boards and commissions. Over time we'll broaden our approach to add additional content. Customer Service Do you have the resources to regularly monitor the account and respond to customer service inquiries and other questions within 48 hours on weekdays? Yes, we do. Promotion How will you promote your new social media presence to attract new followers and engage existing audiences? We are relying on word of mouth and having our Facebook followers share posts with their friends and associates. Influencers Which partner organizations and stakeholders can help you leverage your social content? How will you cultivate those relationships to build awareness of your new social account? How will those accounts interact with Jefferson County's website and other social media assets? Other organizations can post links to our Facebook page and/or our county website. Our Facebook page will have links to the county's website and will sometimes have links to other county social media such as Public Health's Facebook page. 3 Metrics How will you measure the account's performance? What does success look like and how will it be reported? (Think beyond the basic metrics of followers, likes and shares.) We currently have no metrics other than those listed. There are Facebook analytical applications available that we'll need t research. Section III: Equity and Social Justice Strategy How will your account help advance equity and social justice? It will help by ensuring that all our citizens have equal access to information about how the county can serve them. Under-served Communities How will your account help connect us with underserved communities and build partnerships? Our posts will be fact based and will equip all communities with useful information they can put to use in their lives. The account is available to anyone with a smart phone. Multiple Language Support Will you be able to have content in a language other than English, which can be shared or linked from your social account? Not currently, although this is an option for the future. Section IV: Records Retention All Jefferson County communications, including social media, are public records and must be managed in compliance with public records law. Under state law (RCW Chapter 40.14), Jefferson County and other government agencies are required to preserve digital records created through social media — including posts, comments and the metadata behind the posts. Third-party platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, are under no obligation to keep accurate, complete records of Jefferson County's content. PageFreezer Jefferson County uses a cloud-based application called PageFreezer to record webpages, WordPress blogs and most social media accounts. The social media team will add your new account to PageFreezer. Questions? Please contact the Central Services Director 360-385-9130 or at mmccauley(aco.jefferson.wa.us. • Section V: Appendix 4 Available Platforms Platforms appropriate for official Jefferson County social engagement: • Facebook • LinkedIn • Flickr • Twitter • YouTube • Snapchat • Instagram • Pinterest • Nextdoor The social media landscape is constantly changing, with frequent additions of features and changes to the algorithms the platforms use to determine which posts receive priority. Over time, the list of platforms appropriate for official Jefferson County social engagement may change due to shifts in audience, accessibility and features, and/or a platform's popularity. To submit a new or additional platform for consideration, please contact the Central Services Director at 360-385-9130 or at mmccauley@co.jefferson.wa.us. 5 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 10:00 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Friday 5 I PWB I Salary Survey I Lad I Tax Structure From: Washington Counties I WSAC Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 9:59:47 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Friday 5 I PWB I Salary Survey I L&I I Tax Structure CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. w Ac WASHINGTON III of cou TIES 14, 2021 STATE ASSOCIATION Ma • Foal COUNTY NEWS Washington Public or s B • ard A cceptin • Loan Applications o Throu • h July The Washington State Public Works Board is accepting applications for infrastructure construction and pre-construction loans now through midnight, July 9, 2021. Cities, counties, special purpose districts and quasi-municipal organizations may apply. Infrastructure systems eligible for these very low-interest state loans include streets and roads, bridges, domestic water, storm water, sanitary sewer, and solid waste and recycling. Learn More COUNTY NEWS The 2021 City/County Salary an • enefits Survey Tool is Ready for Your Data Input! Each year, the Association of Washington Cities conducts a comprehensive survey of salaries and benefits provided to employees in Washington's counties and cities. The survey provides elected officials with comparable data to assist them in determining wages and benefits for their staff. Learn More STATE NEWS L&I Ad • s ebinars on Isolate . orkers, Equal ' a Opportunities Act The Employment Standards program has added two new topics to its schedule of recurring webinars to help businesses and employees better understand how state law and Washington State Department of Labor & Industries rules apply to them. Learn More STATE NEWS Tax Structure ork Group eetin • 2 The Washington State Tax Structure Work Group (TSWG) will meet on Monday, May 17 from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. The TSWG facilitates public discussions to inform recommendations to improve Washington State's tax structure for individuals, families, and businesses. Learn More STATE NEWS Washington Public Works Board Announces Infrastructure Training Webinars The Washington State Public Works Board will host four free infrastructure training webinars in May and June. The target audience is public works directors, managers, operators and elected officials. Water and wastewater operator Continuing Education Units (CEUs) are pending. Learn More UPCOMING EVENTS MAY18 MAY20 ML/f1kCjpal CokirtsPvgrview; Court The Post-PP04qmic workplcg: 2021 Part Webinar I Free Webinar I $25 View More Upcoming Events 3 FOLLOW US facebook (4) twitter instagram 0 linkedin wsac.orq View this email in your browser This email was sent to Kdean@cojefferson.wa.us I Why did I get this? Want to change how you receive these emails? Update your preferences Unsubscribe from this list Copyright©2021 Washington State Association of Counties,All rights reserved. 206 10th Ave SE•Olympia,WA 98501-1311 • USA I Contact U.s 4 jeffbocc From: Julie Russell <djclruss@cablespeed.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 9:16 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: request from Girl Scout troop CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear County Commissioners, We, Girl Scout Troop 4�494 of Chimacum and Port Townsend,would like recycling bins put in at HJ Carroll park. It would help the environment. And it would save our planet and be good for the county. Because there is trash around, people throw things away that can be recycled. Example:the other day I was here with a school group and I had made something and they said keep it or to throw it away in the trash. Also,we were cleaning up around the shelter at 1 of our meetings, and we had to throw away an aluminum root beer can instead of being able to recycle it. Can you please suggest the next steps we might take in getting some recycling bins put in at this park? Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Troop 41494: Micah,Zoe, Piper, Eleanor, Sarah, Claire, and Kaylee with our leaders:Julie, Erin,and Kirsten (email will return to Julie Russell-leader) 1 jeffbocc From: Linda Mattos <linda@hopti.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 10:52 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Irvington Addition CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Jefferson County Commissioners, Again, I am expressing my concern over the possible development of the Irvington Addition into 70 or 100 home lots. Folks in our neighborhood purchased land here aware of the Growth Management Act designating our area to require 5 acres per home. As a walker, bicyclist, and equestrian I would be extremely saddened and disturbed to see the destruction of the "tree tunnel" along the Larry Scott Trail. The development would greatly Increase the traffic on Cape George, Discovery, and Nelsons Landing roads and increase the risk of the already dangerous Cape George/Discovery Road intersection. Thank you for your attention to this matter, Linda Mattos 141 Nelsons Landing Road (since 1984) 1 jeffbocc From: Olympic National Forest <corina.rendon@usda.gov> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 11:01 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: News Release: Forest Service to Implement Alcohol Ban along Lake Cushman Corridor (FS-24) CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. USDA Forest Service U.S DEPARTMENTUFA,CRICULTURE Olympic National Forest Forest Service News Release Contact: Corina Rendon Email: corina.rendon usda.gov Forest Service to Implement Alcohol Ban along Lake Cushman Corridor (FS-24) Quilcene, WA, May 14th, 2021 —With support from the National Park Service, Mason County, Tacoma Power, Washington State Patrol, the Skokomish Tribe, and other local partners the Olympic National Forest will be implementing a revised forest order that adds an alcohol ban to the existing prohibitions on camping, fires, and overnight parking along the Lake Cushman Corridor(FS-24). The ban takes place May 21, 2021 and will be in place for the next two years and can be evaluated for possible extension after that time. The new alcohol prohibition is intended to decrease conflict among users, provide forest visitors a more enjoyable experience in the Lake Cushman area, and be in alignment with the state law prohibiting alcohol at neighboring recreation sites. Signage and increased law enforcement patrols will be added to assist with implementing this change. "It's our desire for visitors to have a rewarding, safe experience when visiting their National Forests," says Yewah Lau, District Ranger. "The behavior we've seen in the past was creating a situation that was highly dangerous to visitors and employees in the area. Prohibiting alcohol is one step to improve everyone's experience at Lake Cushman." For many years the Lake Cushman area has received extremely high, weather dependent visitation. Since the spring of 2020 outdoor recreation sites on public lands have experienced unprecedented increased visitation leading to overcrowding, overparking, excessive trash, scattered human waste, and other unsafe conditions. If similar unsafe conditions persist the Forest Service, with support from surrounding area partners, is prepared to close the road once more. By recreating responsibly and abiding by the new ban, visitors can create a safe, fun environment for themselves and other users. Visitors to the Lake Cushman area are 1 reminded to be prepared for heavy use and traffic throughout the corridor. If there are no parking options available be prepared to visit another area. Visitors are encouraged to be considerate of other users and be stewards of the lands they recreate on. This includes removing any personal trash or debris to leave the area clean and ready for other visitors to enjoy. Packing out trash also protects the invaluable beauty of these places and other natural resources. By working together to steward public lands we can ensure recreation sites stay open for all to enjoy. For more information on the upcoming forest order, including a FAQ, and recreating in the Lake Cushman Area visit the Olympic National Forest website or call the Hood Canal Ranger Station at 360-765-2200. ### USDA i.;an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender, Olympic National ForestI www.fs.usda.00v/olympic hi lr,, Olympic National Forest 11835 Black Lk Blvd SW, Olympia, WA 98512 Unsubscribe jeffbocc©co.jefferson.wa.us Update Profile I Constant Contact Data Notice Sent by corina.rendon@usda.gov powered by €0,00%.1 Constant Contact Try email marketing for free today! 2 jeffbocc From: Wallace Allen <wallacea63@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 12:39 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Irvington development CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear County Commissioners, I would like to voice my decent on the Irvington development. First, I always believed that we lived in a one home per 5 acres zoned part of the county. Changing this to allow this development to be put in is wrong. Secondly,the increase in traffic would be horrific.The intersection of Cape George Rd and South Discovery is already dangerous. I've had numerous close calls here in my lifetime. Thirdly,there would be the destruction of the canopy of trees and foliage along the Larry Scott.That would take away from the beauty of our neighborhood and the surrounding area. These are but a few of the negative effects of having this development. Respectfully, Wallace Allen 53 Nelsons Landing Rd. Port Townsend, Wa 98369 1 jeffbocc From: Nancy Stevens <nstevensnow@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 2:05 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Entheogenic Plants and Fungi CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear City Councilmembers/County Commissioners From: Nancy Stevens, Port Townsend I ask that you prioritize and bring the resolution on entheogenic plants and fungi presented by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society before council for a vote. •Share your own transformative experiences and how plant medicine has impacted you and those you have witnessed, being sure to respect the confidentiality of others. You don't have to say when/where/or with what entheogen you had your experience(s) --there are legal contexts in which to partake in all these medicines. •Explain how entheogens can address many of the problems our town faces by helping to heal underlying issues of addiction, PTSD, depression, lack of connection to others and the natural world, and so forth •Add your own unique perspective on why Port Townsend/Jefferson County is an ideal place to model decriminalization, describing resources in this town that support this type of work (strong community network, healthy food systems, holistic health care, embodiment practices, many people already responsibly engaging with entheogens, and so forth) Please support our resolution on entheogens. Thank you for your attention to this matter. With gratitude for your service, Nancy Stevens 1 jeffbocc From: Nancy Stevens <nstevensnow@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 2:14 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Re email "Entheogenic Plants and Fungi" CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Please disregard the email I just sent with the above subject line. It was sent prematurely, before I had a chance to add my personal observations/experiences. I would prefer that you delete the previous email and give it no further attention. Kind regards, Nancy Stevens 1 jeffbocc From: Kathleen Keenan <nobokate65@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 3:28 PM To: Greg German; KPTZ VTeam; Kate Dean; Keppie Keplinger;Tom Locke;Willie Bence; Heidi Eisenhour;jeffbocc Subject: Questions for the May 17th, 2021 BOCC Meeting CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good afternoon not a surprised about the focus of some of the questions this week. The CDC guidance regarding masking for the fully vaccinated changes the landscape of how we need to proceed from this point on.....guidance being the key phrase. These questions also highlight the hesitancy many experience with the idea of dropping these protective measure without public and visual assurance that staff and proprietors in local businesses are vaccinated. Not burning my masks yet, Kate Keenan, Member KPTZ Virus Watch Team Questions and related topics KPTZ would like to have presented on the air to Dr. Tom Locke, Public Health Officer, Jefferson County and Willie Bence, Director of Emergency Management(DEM), Jefferson County, as time permits. Questions for the May 17th, 2021, Board of County Commissioners Meeting Dr. Tom Locke, Public Health Officer, Jefferson County: 1. What is the reasoning behind the CDC guidance that now allows those who are fully vaccinated to go unmasked, except in certain areas? What data is the basis of this guidance? 2. If the CDC recommendations about lifting masking requirements is only guidance, who has the final say about masking rules for our state or local area? And what measure will they be using to make those decisions? 3. According to the new CDC guidelines, where should everybody wear a mask and in which settings is it ok not to wear a mask for those who are fully vaccinated? 4. As an employer, can I ask my employees if they have been vaccinated? And with their permission, can I post that in my store so visitors will feel more comfortable? Covid-19 Testing: (none submitted) 1. Do you know the accuracy of the new home Covid-19 tests, both negative and positive? 2. If someone does a home Covid-19 test, how does it get reported to the health department? Public Health StrategiesNaccines: i 1. Can a fully vaccinated person carry the Covid 19 virus and transmit it to others, especially unvaccinated children? 2. What exactly is the connection of the recent discovery of blood clotting with the Johnson&Johnson vaccine and women of child bearing years between the ages of 18-50 years old? Does it have anything to do with taking birth control pills? 3. Can I ask a business or those in public spaces (like the Saturday Farmers Market) if their employees have been vaccinated? Is there going to be any public health information, like restaurant rating cards, that tell me about the safety of the establishment? If we have a rating card in the window regarding the level of vaccinations among the employees, I would be better able to judge if I wanted to frequent that establishment. 4. My neighbor told me they were isolating after they got their first dose of the Moderna vaccine. They had read that you can shed the virus from getting the vaccine and need to be away from those who are not yet vaccinated. Is there evidence for this? Board of County Commissioners: (none submitted) Willie Bence, Director, DEM/EOC, Jefferson County: (none submitted) 2 jeffbocc From: T3 Outreach <t3team@uw.edu> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 4:37 PM To: Jill Silver; dick.binns@gmail.com; mike.maki5648@gmail.com; mcomisky@amforest.org; okeefe@americanwhitewater.org; maryb@seattleaudubon.org; mariaruthbooks@comcast.net;jacob.cravey@cie-nw.org; mike.skinner@cie-nw.org; rodf.forks@forkswashington.org; bpeach@co.clallam.wa.us; mozias@co.clallam.wa.us; rjohnson@co.clallam.wa.us;jmcentirel @wavecable.com; mara@coastsalmonpartnership.org; ned@coastsalmonpartnership.org; MaryJane.Robins@mail.house.gov; MaryJane.Robins@mail.house.gov; theresa.powell@dfw.wa.gov; dwerntz@conservationnw.org; andrew.spaeth@dnr.wa.gov; matt.provencher@dnr.wa.gov;william.wells@dnr.wa.gov; ddiaz@ecotrust.org; director@forkswa.com; ssanborn@forterra.org; sswenson@forterra.org; mconnor@forterra.org;jim.minkler@ghc.edu;tbates@ghc.edu;tyler@greencrow.com; dawn.gomez@hohtribe-nsn.org;violariebe@icloud.com;wendy.largent@hohtribe- nsn.org;jeffbocc;jeffbocc;jeffbocc;Tami Pokorny; rtucker@saveland.org; abies@olypen.com; rob.mccoy@makah.com; stephanie.martin@makah.com; timothy.greene@makah.com; bhuber@merrillring.com; karen@noprcd.org; tom@northolympiclandtrust.org; Marcy@Golde.org;fkrause@olympus.net; louploup@louploup.net;jonespatriciann@gmail.com; kelly.lawrence2@usda.gov; kevin.senderak@usda.gov; kimberly.conley@usda.gov;ylau@fs.fed.us; Patrick_Crain@nps.gov; olym_superintendent@nps.gov; jeff@pacificforestmanagement.com; (robins@pencol.edu; randyb@chwa.com; doug.woodruff@quileutenation.org;frank.geyer@quileutenation.org; garrett.rasmussen@quileutenation.org; diana.reaume@qvschools.org; dbingaman@quinault.org;fsharp@quinault.org;jplampin@quinault.org; teison@quinault.org;tjohnston@quinault.org; neris.biciunas@rayonier.com; paul@resilientforestry.com; dmarshall@spi-ind.com;tamara.cushing@oregonstate.edu; Kevin.Vandewege@leg.wa.gov; Mike.Chapman@leg.wa.gov; Steve.Tharinger@leg.wa.gov; edelvin@tnc.org; garrett.dalan@tnc.org; jamie.bass@tnc.org; drolph@TNC.ORG; rhaugo; emily.howe@TNC.ORG; Ikelly@tu.org; Dan Brown; Phil Levin; lisa@wecprotects.org; miguelperezgibson@wecprotects.org; pgoldman@wflc.org; kwhittaker@wflc.org; andre-denis.wright@wsu.edu; tom@wawild.org; miranda_plumb@fws.gov;john.browning@weyerhaeuser.com; jhelsley@wildsalmoncenter.org; mwierenga@wildearthguardians.org; don@forks- washington.com; phillipkitchel@gmail.com;jstoffer@sequimschools.org; Mark.Hicks@dnr.wa.gov; Ron.hurn@interfor.com;Jason.michaud@interfor.com; Glenda.Breiler@dnr.wa.gov; Mona.Griswold@dnr.wa.gov; Drew.Rosanbalm@dnr.wa.gov; william.wells@dnr.wa.gov; KEVIN.ALEXANDER@dnr.wa.gov; Noelle.Nordstrom@dnr.wa.gov;ANDREW.HAYES@dnr.wa.gov; ALLEN.ESTEP@dnr.wa.gov;ANGUS.BRODIE@dnr.wa.gov; LISA.ANDERSON@dnr.wa.gov; DONELLE.MAHAN@dnr.wa.gov; Daniel.Donato@dnr.wa.gov; WARREN.DEVINE@dnr.wa.gov; Kyle.Martens@dnr.wa.gov; Derek.Churchill@dnr.wa.gov; BRIAN.MORRIS@dnr.wa.gov; catharine_copass@nps.gov; catharine.copass@gmail.com; Patrick_Crain@nps.gov; garrett.dalan@tnc.org; Gregory J Ettl; rflitcroft@fs.fed.us; Brooke.Penaluna@oregonstate.edu; alexfoster@fs.fed.us; francisk@evergreen.edu; Scott_Gremel@nps.gov;jhagan@nwifc.org; patti_happe@nps.gov; chjo461 @ECY.WA.GOV; bkrier@wildsalmoncenter.org; shirley.lorentz@usda.gov; martine@evergreen.edu; Sandor F.Toth;wallin@wwu.edu; John.Winkowski@dfw.wa.gov;james.iverson@usda.gov; danabutler@fs.fed.us; Woodam.Chung@oregonstate.edu; scheuerl; Sarah J Converse; peter.kiffney@noaa.gov; 1 To: lauren.kuehne@gmail.com; dede.olson@usda.gov; Brittany Johnson; Bernard T. Bormann;teodora.minkova@dnr.wa.gov; Bryan Pelach; Franklin Hanson; neilsnautical@hotmail.com; michael.shepard@usda.gov; susan@susansidell.com; chelsea.tougas@quinault.org; dcryan28@gmail.com; mike.middleton@muckleshoot.nsn.us; abies@olypen.com;jenny.garstang@dnr.wa.gov; elliot.mann@dnr.wa.gov; dick.binns@gmail.com; courtney@northolympiclandtrust.org; michael@northolympiclandtrust.org; able@olypen.com; Lendres@wssda.org; saxoncreek@msn.com; athomson@enviroissues.com;frank.geyer@quileutetribe.com; garrett.rasmussen@quileutetribe.com;wendy.largent@hohtribe-nsn.org; bryan.cole@hohtribe-nsn.org Subject: Join us next week for Zoom meetings about the T3 Watershed Experiment! Attachments: Cedar Alder Polyculture May 14.pdf;AVDT Prescription May 14.pdf; Ethnoforestry VDP prescription May 14.pdf CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. We wanted to remind everyone about the Zoom meetings next week to learn more about and share your comments on the landscape-scale forestry experiment on the Olympic Experimental State Forest (OESF). Each meeting will include an overview of the T3 Watershed Experiment and discussion about planned or proposed treatment for upland and riparian areas. Register for the topic that is most interesting to you or join all three! Three of the four proposed upland treatment plans are attached to this email for review in advance of the meetings.To review the riparian study plan, visit the T3 Watershed Experiment website and scroll down to see available documents. Register for any or all of the sessions using the links below Session 1: Riparian Treatments May 18, 11:00 am to 1:00 pm Register here Session 2: Upland Treatments—Complex Early Seral Habitat and Accelerated Variable-Density Thinning May 19, 10:00 am to 12:00 pm Register here Session 3: Upland Treatments—Cedar-Alder Polyculture and Ethnoforestry/Variable-Density Planting May 20, 10:00 am to 12:00 pm Register here More about the OESF study Over the past several years, a team led by Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and University of Washington's Olympic Natural Resources Center (ONRC) has developed a landscape-scale forest experiment working to identify forest management strategies that increase benefits to communities and forests. The experiment will compare outcomes from three forest management strategies and a "no action control" across 16 watersheds in the OESF. They include thinnings and small gaps to increase riparian forest diversity and improve salmon habitat and food supply, and also alder and cedar rotations to provide additional cultural and economic benefits. The experiment has been designed to reflect a range of ideas about forest management so we can learn together as we monitor results and compare benefits to communities and forests. Please forward this invitation to others who may be interested in this opportunity. If you have questions, please contact our outreach team at T3Team@uw.edu. Looking forward to seeing you at the Zoom sessions! Bernard Bormann 2 Professor of Forest Ecosystems and Director Olympic Natural Resources Center School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment University of Washington bormann@uw.edu Teodora Minkova Research and Monitoring Manager for Olympic Experimental State Forest Forest Resources Division Washington State Department of Natural Resources teodora.minkova@dnr.wa.gov 3 Draft released for stakeholder workshop May 20, 2021 —subject to change by principal investigators Alternative 2 Integration Strategy— Upland Cedar-Alder Polyculture Prescription Objectives Here, we develop a cedar-alder polyculture prescription that responds to formal and informal input from stakeholders amassed over the last 5 years to fit with the Alternative 2 integration strategy. This initial proposal is very different from Standard VRH practice with planting of Douglas-fir,and has considerable uncertainties for implementation in these watersheds. Problems with slower growth by Western red cedar, lower standing volumes in red alder stands,and browse on cedar seedlings have hindered management of these species on trust lands. These problems are perceived to outweigh the higher stumpage value of both species over Douglas-fir and hemlock, faster early growth by cedar, and powerful ecological arguments. We suggest,however, that the main factor limiting even trials of cedar,alder,and mixed cedar alder is lack of knowledge on performance and how to implement new and different practices. Uncertainty(and risk perceptions) in whether new cedar-alder systems can produce revenue similar to current practice lead us to consider 3 options for this prescription(detailed below). Stakeholder input will help decide among the options. This prescription is intimately linked to a riparian prescription separating it from adjacent streams. This prescription—already set in the riparian study—thins second- growth conifers heavily enough to grow repeated crops of red alder in the riparian zone(cite rip plan). This connection therefore requires access from ridge roads to the riparian zone timed with alder harvests. Revenues would be least impacted if there were alders of the same age upland from the riparian alder that could be harvested together—so an alder component is needed. If conifers were planted in the corridors, they would take about 10 years longer to mature relative to the alders and this would preclude economic access to the alder below. A second sidebar is a focus on growing cedar. Nearly all stakeholder groups expressed concern over the diminishment of cedar on DNR trustlands. Growing cedar has not fit well with the short-rotation VRH Douglas-fir/hemlock model that has worked well to provide revenue for beneficiaries. Cedar takes longer to produce logs with enough heartwood to achieve high value and it has suffered from regeneration issues and general lack of research and development. Scientific and stakeholder arguments (articulated below)also strongly support alder and cedar research. The objective of a cedar-alder polyculture stand-scale, upland silviculture prescription is to increase community and environment wellbeing over standard DNR conifer rotations using inspiration from community engagement as well as available research findings. The main objectives are to: • Continue revenue production for beneficiaries; • Reduce declines of job-intensive,value-added manufacturing of red alder and western redcedar; • Maintain or improve soils and productivity impacted by past practices of harvesting, slashburning, and biomass and nutrient removals; • Increase biodiversity and landscape resilience by providing pockets of vegetation other than crop conifers; • Meet cultural needs of tribes for both cedar, alder, and other species associated with them; • Provide an option for transitioning to late-seral structures focused on long-lived cedar. artifact of modifications to the model to discourage alder production on slopes this steep. DNR Foresters generally have not used cable systems to harvest alder,possibly based on lower volume/acre compared to conifers. The Harrington and Courtin(1994)study used for the model did not evaluate alder on slopes like this and did not include outer Coast sandstones except for several flat areas at low elevation near the coast, south of the Peninsula. Careful spacing is also known to reduce lean and sweep(Bormann 1985). However, concerns over potential sweep have largely dissipated since early alder studies as modern alder mills can cut lumber as short as 6 ft(Pers. Comm. Joe Monks;T3 stakeholder and Port Angeles Hardwoods mill log buyer). A research plantation, part of OSU Hardwoods Silviculture Coop, has done poorly near the Ocean south of La Push. It is not difficult at all,however,to find rapidly growing, large alder on the Olympic Peninsula that appear to be associated with past management, including nearby to this plantation, suggesting perhaps a localized soil problem. Alders planted in the DNR long-term ecosystem productivity experiment,near Sappho have grown well, even after some initial browsing or frost damage. Increasing knowledge on where alders grow well will be valuable given that multiple stakeholders are pursuing and supporting more widespread alder planting. A quick field check was conducted by several PIs and a stakeholder(Neil ;s McWee) in late October, 2020. They reconned 2 of the 4 T3 watersheds where ?�� the cedar-alder units would be placed in the current plan. They looked at scattered alders on slopes and a single patch along the ridge. Here, a dominant alder was cored to an age of 29 and was 90 ft tall (Figure 1). This corresponds to a site index of about S23 (age 20),close to the top SI in the curves. The alder soil-site model showed low productivity in the areas where these trees were evaluated. Experience and research have established that cedar has slower initial growth than Douglas-fir, planted seedlings can be heavy browsed,and peak value is found in sawlogs with a sufficiently large heartwood core. Alder is subject to " frost and ice damage at times in certain places, and has a lower merchantable wood volume per acre at harvest that may counter its higher log prices and fasterVearotold growth rates relative to Douglas-fir. The study of both alder and cedar .rethicler on- production appears stifled by the possibility of reduced profitability, along with higher uncertainty in all of the needed steps and checks that a prudent alder or cedar rotation system would require. Ecologists and hardwood silviculturists Figure 1.on-site red have long called for more alder and cedar trials (e.g.,Tarrant et al. 1983, alder,90 ft tall Harrington 2010)and mixture trials (e.g.,Deal et al. 2017). Alder is well known for its environmental benefits(including, improved soil productivity,higher productivity and diversity of associated plants and animals,and replacement for N fertilization). Cedar was the single most valued tree species by Northwest Tribes(housing, clothing,canoes, and much more), it can attain huge size and is extremely long-lived to provide for late-seral structure, and it's thought to have other environmental benefits(including,deep rooting, calcium supply to other species, and tolerates high water tables). [add something on Rosmond cedar mill/UW crew?] Cedar-alder polyculture has the potential to overcome limitations of growing monoculture alder or cedar that may make it more competitive with conifer rotations grown for dimensional-lumber. Confidence in (Septoria alnifolia in year 1;Neonectria major by year 6)that affected some of the 100%alder plots(8- and 16-ft spacing treatments). Both studies appear to show that alder DBH growth was little affected by cedar after it achieved height dominance. That is, alder DBH became larger at wider alder spacings, regardless of cedar spacing, and alder size was the same in stands with and without cedar at a 16 ft alder spacing. Cedar growth was not affected much by alder density,with DBH of trees in the 100%cedar treatment only 19% larger than cedars in mixtures after 26 years(HSC Annual Report 2017). The opposite was true in the BC study: cedars were slightly larger in mixed stands,particularly in the treatment with the highest proportion alder(50%-50%mix). Tree volume totals at age 14 in the BC study were highest for pure alder plots;the combined volume of cedar and alder in the mixed treatments was approximately half that of pure alder. This appears to result from slower growth and hence lower volume of cedar trees mainly, and supports the idea that a 75%alder, 25%cedar mixture (as we propose)might provide total volume closer to a pure alder stand. Both of the mixture studies were installed in areas with less precipitation, flatter terrain, and different soil conditions than the T3 Management Experiment. PRESCRIPTION OVERVIEW To engage with stakeholders,this draft of the study plan includes 3-4 options for the cedar:alder polyculture prescription, all following a standard VRH: A) Two mixture ratios of cedar and alder and a harvesting-access column of pure alder on 30 acres as needed(Figure 2): a. Locate harvesting corridors to plant to red alder that give access to wide-thin riparian alder treatment placed directly below in the riparian buffers. Alder volume in corridors will complement that in riparian alder to allow for economics of a harvest of alder that will happen about 10 years before conifer plantings would have been(about age 35). b. Locate 80%cedar; 20%alder along unit edges away from harvesting corridors. The alders in these stands are not likely to be included in Pt rotation alder harvest as they would lead to excessive bark damage on cedar. Alders might be cut and left at year 35 if needed to spur growth of cedar. c. Locate 20%cedar, 80%alder mixture between the corridor and the high cedar mixture designed to allow for possible alder removal at year 35. B) Variable polyculture and replacement-series sub-study: a. Provide variable ratios of cedar and alder plantings across the unit(exception as needed for 100%alder harvesting corridors)with the goal of mixture diversification from a landscape perspective. b. Implement a sub-study following the Courtin and Harper(2018)replacement- series design using 5-acre experimental sub-units with these mixtures: i. 100%cedar; 0%alder ii. 75%cedar; 25%alder iii. 50%cedar; 50%alder iv. 25%cedar; 75%alder v. 0%cedar; 100%alder(separate or in corridors) 2090. The sides furthest from the corridors will be planted 80%cedar, 20%alder, and these alders would likely not be harvested in 2055,but could be if they survived to 2090. Otherwise,the alder would provide environmental benefit to the cedar and other species and minimize PCT costs. Variable polyculture and replacement-series sub-study. Option B includes two concepts at the same time: (1) an operational size unit with variable cedar-alder proportions to increase within-unit variation at a landscape scale for purposes of risk reduction and wildlife enhancement; and(2) a sub-study to learn more about the interactions of the two species(5 cedar:alder proportions: 100:0, 75:25.50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). In the sub-study, proportions would be randomly assigned to each of the 4 to 10-acre sub-units, usually nestled between riparian buffers(Appendix 1). Cedar browse reduction. PIs may decide on a second sub-study on cedar browse protection in these stands(most likely on an extra space—see Appendix 1). Alternating vertical rows of cedar could receive 3 different treatments, assigned randomly: (1)no protection control; (2)planting with tubing protection alone; (3)planting in slash donuts created from logging debris during harvest, and(4)spruce-cedar co- planting. Watersheds Aa and Ba have extra sub-units so that this could be studied independently from the replacement series. A fixed cedar-alder proportion would be applied and protection treatments would be assigned to 1-2 acre areas with the sub-unit. Aspect. Regional experience suggests that alder seedlings are more likely to survive establishment if they are not planted on south-facing slopes—that a few days of drought can cause high mortality. Upon review of the 4 Alt-2 watersheds(Aa,Ba, Ca,Da), only watershed Ca units have a S-facing aspect. Unfortunately,there are no other options available. This is the highest elevation watershed of the four which may reduce problems and it has a residual sandstone soil which should have reasonably high water- holding capacity as well. If mortality proves an issue a re-planting may be required. ACTIONS AND TIMELINES [Here we detail harvest and post-harvest activities and dates including felling,yarding,hauling, site prep, planting,tending PCT through a full rotation. Table 2. Actions and timeline Actions(same for 1 and 2) Estimated date Seek stakeholder feedback April 2021 Finalize prescription May 2021 Send study plan for peer review June 2021 Timber sale Late summer/Fall 2021 VRH PRESCRIPTION QUESTIONS AND MONITORING [We will develop prescription specific questions and monitoring needed to answer them to feed into the overall study plan,where cross-prescription questions will be developed(the main focus of the study)and final decisions made about questions and monitoring limited by funding. All upland monitoring will seek to apply remote sensing techniques to acquire entire-operational scale(-30 acre)data. Efforts are underway to develop these and identify minimum ground data for models and for data not collectable remotely. Plans are underway to implement field plots and explore remote methods this summer 2021] Key uncertainties include: 1. Costs/benefits of cedar and alder culture; 2. Alder and cedar growth and yield 3. Interactions between cedar and alder, 4. Browsing and hemlock ingrowth; 5. Effect of alder on growth of cedar; 6. Field trip reactions from stakeholders This prescription,when compared to standard VRH, controls, and other operational-scale prescriptions has the capacity to address several specific questions, although the capacity differs with the chosen option: Will net revenue for Trusts meet that achieved in the Standard VRH plantation? [The plan is to model cost/benefit estimates and project net revenue for entire rotations(S. Toth will oversee MS students, and he will examine the full range of assumptions and perform sensitivity analyses)]. Can total production (evaluated through the ecosystem wellbeing framework) be increased by growing cedar-alder mixtures, achieving net revenue objectives (+/- 15%) and at the same time producing other objectives (inspired by community input) including growing cedar and alder(relative to other prescriptions)? [this question cannot be quantitatively answered with Option C, as key operations data are not possible on less than operational scales(30 acre)] Sollins, P, G. Spycher,and C. Glassman. 1984.Net nitrotgen mobilization from light-and heavy-fraction forest soil organic matter. Soil Biol. Biogeochem. 16:31-37 Tarrant,R.F., B.T. Bormann, D.S. DeBell, and W.A. Atkinson. 1983. Managing red alder in the Douglas- fir region: some possibilities. J.For. 81(12): 787-792. Wipfli, M.S.;Musslewhite, J. Density of red alder(Alnus rubra)in headwaters influences invertebrate and detritus subsidies to downstream fish habitats in Alaska. Hydrobiologia 2004, 520, 153-163. Yamanaka, T., C.Y. Li, B.T. Bormann, and H.Okabe. 2003. Tripartate associations in an alder: effects of Frankia and Alpova on the growth,nitrogen fixation and mineral aquisition of Alnus tenuifolia. Plant and Soil 254: 179-186. Ii Ca 2017 Watershed Ca Sub-unit acres PC sub-study la 4.4 0:100 lb 3.5 25:75 Assigned 2 7.3 randomly 50:50 , , 6.4 75:25 4 9.9 100:0 . r ca{ua a �w .r,aa:< 5 7.8 aR� t ;lk Operational-unit k total 34.8 r < Issues • Mo stly S-facing(but at higher elevation,and no other choice • PC-1 and PC-5 at bottom others at top Da 2017 Watershed Da Sub-unit acres PC sub-study 1 5.3 0:100 2 4.1 25:75 Assigned 3 5.9 randomly 50:50 4 8.1 75:25 5 5.2 100:0 6 6.4 Extra 7 1.7 Browse demo Operational-unit " total 36.7 Issues • PC-3 is E-facing;others W- i, . facing I _ Draft released for stakeholder workshop May 19, 2021—subject to change by principal investigators Alternative-1 Integration Strategy—Upland Accelerated Variable- Density Thinning Prescription OBJECTIVES The DNR Olympic Region has many reasons to feature its standard VDT and VRH in its silvicultural toolbox in meeting the OESF land plan. Most often, VDT has been applied to help diversify the OESF landscape characterized by extensive 20th century clearcutting with pockets of older,pristine stands. Because revenue production for trusts remains a legal mandate, VDT has most often been applied with the idea that stands would return to even-aged timber production after thinning responses(and mortality losses)were captured, but maintains the option to manage these lands long term to meet OESF Northern Spotted Owl habitat objectives. This approach provides a more complex matrix of stand conditions across the OESF and allows DNR to implement its integrated management approach to meet the multiple objectives described in the OESF Forest Land Plan. Stand development on the Peninsula following extensive clearcutting during 1960 to 1990 has been markedly different from natural/historical development patterns and processes, including how soils were disturbed,tree removed, slash burned,herbicides applied,and extensive planting of Douglas-fir. This suggests that future development of second-growth stands toward complex old-forest structure is far from certain,even with silvicultural intervention. Shifting climatic conditions add considerably to this uncertainty. Climate uncertainty includes changes in storm intensity,rainfall, snowfall, annual rainfall distribution, and emergent insect and disease outbreaks. Wildfires on the outer Olympic Peninsula in the area of our study have occurred(most recently on the nearby upper Queets valley in 2017), but this risk appears much lower than other disturbances in this location. Swiss Needlecast disease has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades in near-coast forests(especially in NW Oregon) slowing growth of Douglas-fir. It's current and future impact in the study area is largely unknown. Root diseases [add?] Increased variety in approach to speed old-forest structure helps reduce the risks associated with these uncertainties. Here we want to explore a more accelerated form of VDT with the following main objectives: • Continue revenue production for beneficiaries,but o At reduced net-revenue rate relative to VRH,given higher logging cost:harvested volume ratio; o At a higher near-term rate than standard VDT given large gaps and accelerated thinning; and o Develop options for harvesting thinned stands at a later time,when reviewing changes in seral proportion targets(and harvesting in older forests). • Speed late-seral habitat(old-forest structures)faster than with standard OESF-VDT even if habitat designations are lost temporarily by going below RD 48; and • Bring back limited disturbance processes such as windthrow of residual trees. 1 BACKGROUND SPECIFIC TO THE ACCELERATED VDT PRESCRIPTION [Note that general background and regional/landscape and historical context will be added in front of the study plan containing all prescriptions, so this section can be as short as possible] Pristine old growth stands on the outer Olympics often developed after large, intense wind storms that left abundant structural legacies that included downed trees, snags, and disturbed soils with upturned rootwads creating mound and pit topography [will add partial disturbance with citations from Oly Penn, BC, and SE AK work]. Plant succession was likely driven by seedbed conditions with hardwood shrubs and trees and spruce(some Douglas-fir)flourished on disturbed soils while new and advanced regeneration hemlock or true fir occupied undisturbed soils. It's likely there were multiple decades of early-seral plant composition before closed conifer stands developed(see early-seral prescriptions). Since the early 1990s,DNR Olympic Region has been using VDT on the OESF for revenue production, faster residual growth, and gaps designed to add structural diversity and a second canopy layer.Previous second-growth studies in spruce-hemlock zone have explored the use of precommercial and commercial thinning to accelerate the development toward old-forest habitat conditions, increasing biodiversity and food supply(for ungulates,birds, and insects),wood supply to contribute to local economies,and revenue to assist in other environment-oriented projects. On the Olympic Peninsula,the Thinning for biodiversity study explored a two-entry approach,beginning with precommercial thinning with gaps, and the Olympic habitat development study thinned 40-to 70-year-old stands with the pioneering"skips and gaps" approach. Thinning in these prescriptions was light and gaps were too small to develop a second-story conifer layer. Following a landscape-scale management study, called Five Rivers, The Siuslaw National Forest developed a management approach in the late 1990s that allowed for wider thinning in coastal second-growth stands(40-60 residual trees/acre,most often evenly spaced). Strong concerns by Forest silviculturists over windthrow losses in widely spaced residuals proved largely unwarranted and the program was adopted Forest-wide and continues to present. [add more scientific basis for prescription? Consider Alternative to Clearcutting study in SE AK for example] 2 PRESCRIPTION OVERVIEW Two operational-scale stands were chosen in Alternative-1 integration watersheds; Stand 1 in the Az and Stand 2 in the Cz watersheds. Stand conditions in these 40-to 60-year-old second growth stands are detailed below. Objectives will be met by applying an accelerated VDT approach developed from a variety of projects including one designed for the US Forest Service by the Olympic Forest Collaborative [https://olympicforestcollaborative.org] at the H to Z unit near Forks,WA and DNR VDT prescriptions applied in the Columbia George and elsewhere. This prescription varies substantially from the most typical, VDT applications previously applied in the OESF(Std OESF VDT), described as thinning to RD40 with gaps 2 acres or smaller and skips accommodated in inoperable areas such as riparian, unstable slopes and wetlands: • Add more and larger gaps than Std OESF VDT(up to 2.5 acres, in a variety of shapes); • Include a Heavy matrix thin-from-below(40 to 50 residual trees per acre, below RD40) in less wind-prone areas,providing more growing space for residuals than Std OESF VDT(consider distributing and clumping of residuals within portions of the unit); • Include also a light matrix thin-from-below(70 residual trees/acre) in more wind-affected areas, similar to Std OESF VDT; • Focus on leave-tree characteristics,with: o A leave-tree species priority of cedar and spruce (if present),mainly Douglas-fir, and hemlock only if no others available(what about PS fir, alder,maple?); o Windfirmness has to be considered as well; and o A Rx over marking leave trees if we think we can get the desired outcome. • Include skips (0.2 to 2 acres areas without thinning): o Place skips and gaps to maintain low to moderate windthrow losses and downed wood additions; o Place in areas with the most initial structural complexity; o Use RMZs when necessary,to meet harvest objectives; o Include some residuals in clumps; and o Allow yarding through skips. • Plant long-lived conifers(cedar>Douglas-fir>spruce>>hemlock)in larger gaps; and • Use the scale-sale option gain detailed revenues/costs and other info, specifically linked to study experimental units. This approach will be implemented to increase immediate revenue by increasing harvested volume/acre by 20%(net revenue is expected to increase by considerably more than 20%). The prescription is designed to provide a clear option to decisionmakers around the year 2040: I. Apply VRH regeneration harvest to all of the unit except the gaps with regenerating trees— which become skips adding a second age to the stands moving forward, or 2. Continue rapidly as possible toward high-quality late-seral conditions. Under this option, a second thinning in 2040-2050 would be considered that adds more gaps, reduces hemlock dominance further,with speeds trajectory toward a multi-canopy, multi-aged stand condition with greater than 10 stems/acre of non-hemlock conifers greater than 28 in(70 cm). [or best definition of old-growth available now]. Note that excessive hemlock regeneration is 3 considered a potential problem based on past wide thinning that might need attention in gaps through site prep,planting, ... Gap.11 A#Bvy,,,tn 1{14 A! swjc4.1 i a'rt ,NN p e.„ � ✓ x t ✓u,A: Uphtthrt 1{6 a x R o h F . „. Figure AVDT-1. The unit in watershed Az selected for the Accelerated VDT prescription, with approximate locations of gaps, light and heavy thinning, and skips. Additional skips will be added in adjacent areas(Murrelet and riparian buffers,and modeled unstable slopes). [Subject to change by PIs] 4 Data.,}12S Gap.242]} . Gap 1t231SNiP $3,4,3 t2.3} ticavy tl3tn.1 t318y sNp2ta.a) _.. .....__ -., light thllti ... .:.. " E 4.4 n. ..� a.� Eke •'� C� 2 ... � N . w pwN')2.3� '5NiP.i{p 3I: ' fwk tr3425}, n. t+�nvyu:w- �i er Y , , - , , ,--, ., .--- ' .7r7i::\to---;-:-#:- - ''...:0e- . litt, Figure AVDT-1. The unit in watershed Cz selected for the Accelerated VDT prescription, with approximate locations of gaps, light and heavy thinning, and skips. [Subject to change by Pis] 5 CURRENT PRE-TREATMENT STAND CONDITIONS Two operational-scale units were chosen in the Alt-1 integration strategy watersheds in blocks A and C (Fig. AVT-3). Similar units were not available in blocks B and D. Units were chosen from a pool of north-or east facing aspects as these are expected to be more protected from predominant SW cyclonic winds off of the Pacific. Studies on the SW Washington Coast,using historic Government Land Office records, indicated a higher likelihood for late-seral forest on these more protected aspects. Younger hemlocks which do not live as long as cedar, spruce,and Douglas-fir dominated south-and west-facing slopes. Stand 1 was harvested in 19XX and Stand 2 in 19XX. [We're trying to track down timber-sale folders to get other data on slashburning, herbicide, site prep,planting, info] Table 1. Stand conditions, past and present(mapped operable polygon) Condition description Stand 1 (Az) Stand 2 (Cz) Pristine forest 1930's survey: both"spuce 1930's survey:both"spuce hemlock large"and"upper slope hemlock large"and"upper slope types large"seemingly little types large"seemingly little affected by'21 blow. Large trees affected by '21 blow.Trees about 30 to 60 ft apart(maybe 10 similar to Az.—see AVDT-2 to 50 large tpa) Original harvest Clearcut after 1967 Portion cut before 1967;maybe blowdown salvage?) Riparian buffers? Yet to be verified Yet to be verified Slashburning? Yet to be verified Yet to be verified Herbicides? Yet to be verified Yet to be verified Douglas-fir planting? Yet to be verified Yet to be verified Current stand(RS-FRIS) Dominant species WH&DF WH&DF Minor species WRC& SS WRC&SS Age 1975 1971 BA of stems over 4 inches 235 246 Gross BF Volume 36,469 38,853 Canopy Layers 1.3 1.29 QMD of stems over 6 inches 15 15 RD of stems over 6 inches 57 60 TPA of stems over 4 inches 247 248 Stand Activities Pre-Commercial Thin 1990 Commercial Thin 2014(QRCT U10) Geomorphology LiDAR Derived Slope 10-80%; overall slopes moderate 20-80%; overall slopes steeper Aspect North Facing North Facing Potentially Unstable Features Bedrock Hollows, inner-gorges, Bedrock Hollows, inner-gorges, shallow slides shallow slides, deep-seated 6 51 ' � 1 P.� W r 00, e , X Figure AVDT-3. The condition in 1967 surrounding watershed Az(red) and Cz just the north. Wide road corridors were extending along ridgetops with dispersed clearcuts averaging 100 to 150 acres each. About 75%of this area was harvested by the mid 1980s,mostly inr the 1970s. In general,taller trees are seen on north and east-facing slopes a south and west slopes are more exposed to Pacific storms. Areas with 40-to 46-year-old stands in 1967 originated in a large windstorm called the '21 Blow. The two AVDT units are shown as yellow polygons. 7 ACTIONS AND TIMELINES [Here we detail harvest and post-harvest activities and dates including felling,yarding,hauling, site prep, planting,tending PCT through a full rotation. Table 2. Actions and timeline Actions(same for 1 and 2) Estimated date Seek stakeholder feedback May 2021 Finalize prescription June 2021 Send study plan for peer review June 2021 Timber sale Late summer/Fall 2021 VRH PRESCRIPTION QUESTIONS AND MONITORING [We will develop prescription specific questions and monitoring needed to answer them to feed into the overall study plan,where cross-prescription questions will be developed(the main focus of the study)and final decisions made about questions where monitoring will be limited by funding. All upland monitoring will seek to apply remote sensing techniques to acquire entire-operational scale(-30 acre)data. Efforts are underway to develop these and identify minimum ground data for models and for data not collectable remotely. Plans are underway to implement field plots and explore remote methods this summer 2021] A key question is addressed by comparing this prescription to standard OESF VRH, Should the RD48 criteria be used to classify forests as contributing to older forest status. This is an HCP rule and this prescription will violate it,rendering these acres as unusable for perhaps several decades before they contribute to older forest landscape pool. If this prescription proves to speed higher-quality habitat but with only a brief delay,then changes to the rule might be considered that better meet the rule's original goal. [we will need to add trajectory indicators such as basal area increment, mortality, live-crown ratio, measures of variation,...]. Our current list of top question-like statements in addition to the RD48 rule: • Aboveground tree volume,total biomass production(NPP), and C sequestration at stand scale(past, initial post-harvest, and projected future) o Sub-question about initial NPP in shrubs and trees(generally not measured) • Relative costs of harvesting,trucking,roads,tending, as well as admin and study costs to determine direct(current and future)trust benefit and well as implications on community wellbeing independent of trust revenue; • Wildlife responses,especially deer/elklbirds/insects(not owls and Murrelets); • Understory herbs,hardwood trees and shrubs, seedlings with browse and other habitat implications; • Windthrow(and other disturbances):predicted by the DNR model and actual,and cost/benefit to objectives; • Soil movement: o Did harvest increase movement frequency? o Do un-thinned riparian buffer trees trigger initiation of soil movement? • Levels of stakeholder support. 8 Draft released for stakeholder workshop May 20, 2021 —subject to change by principal investigators Alternative-1 Integration Strategy—Upland Ethnoforestrv/Variable- Density Planting Prescription OBJECTIVES The DNR Olympic Region has many reasons to feature its standard VRH prescription on operable upland areas of watersheds in the OESF. Mainly, it is an efficient way to generate high levels of net revenue and set up the next conifer rotation continue production over time. [maybe more on layout, roads, ...?]. A key concept of the OESF Land Plan is that intensive management using VRH on a portion of the watershed opens up other areas to provide late-seral and riparian habitat or areas left unmanaged for other reasons (e.g., inoperable areas, wetlands,and modelled unstable slopes). This is the integrated strategy set forth in current practice, generating revenue for Trusts and meeting ESA-related environmental concerns (see Standard Practice prescriptions). On the West End of the Olympic Peninsula, DNR's standard practice includes planting 1-3 years after timber harvest 90%of the time with Douglas-fir; 10%with cedar, hemlock, or spruce. Applications of herbicide is site and time dependent. Typically, stands are planted at a density of 350 trees per acre with a goal of harvesting units at approximately 50 years with 200-250 trees per acre. Planting at a higher density ensures that an adequate number of trees survive despite anticipated mortality on site. When timber harvests occur,slash is left on site, often with large piles left near roads. Depending on site conditions, crew availability, and time, piles may either be burned or left to decompose naturally. The concept for ethnoforestry,variable-density planting(EVDP) prescription was developed to meet the goals of the Alt-2 integration strategy,which includes drawing inspiration for new ways to integrate community and environment wellbeing that come from social-science-based engagement with stakeholders and elevated concerns for rural livelihoods. We define ethnoforestry here as better applying knowledge and input from local people in dependent rural communities to forest management within DNR trust mandates under the sustainable-ecosystem framework(see Overview). VDP is a key method to apply ethnoforestry on these remote sites. In the Alt-2 strategy,we expand on the Trustlands integration focus(revenue production and ESA-related habitat concerns)to build in other community and environment benefits that can be co-produced(including what many call ecosystem services). Specific objectives: 1. Continue to grow repeated conifer rotations to generate trust revenues at levels+/- 15% of that produced by standard VRH; 2. Produce additional"ethnoforestry"benefits through clumped planted of conifers and a tending regime that extends the space and time given to certain early-seral species, including: o Elk and deer browse (primary concern); o Culturally valued plant species; o Other potentially valuable non-timber products; o Dependent early-seral birds and insects(with possible effects on stream foodchains). 1 3. Develop and possibly test a major new concept of"variable-density planting"that evolved in the development of this prescription; and 4. Speed up learning and stakeholder engagement through: o Stakeholder participation in the final prescription plan; o Question development and monitoring(for evidence-based decisions); o Inclusion of this prescription in a scientifically valid watershed experiment; and o Possibly a sub-study with comparisons of different clump densities and a demonstration of alternative cedar browse-protection schemes. BACKGROUND SPECIFIC TO THE ETHNOFORESTRY/VARIABLE-DENSITY PLANTING PRESCRIPTION [Note that general background and regional/landscape and historical context will be added in front of the study plan containing all prescriptions,so this section can be as short as possible. We also need to add a minimum number of citations] Rural communities, both tribal and non-tribal,rely on public lands for the livelihoods of many of their residents. The University of Washington's Olympic Natural Resources Center(ONRC) and UW's Washington rural ecosystem sustainability team(WREST) have been developing a new forest management concept called ethnoforestry that seeks to better incorporate knowledge,values, and input from local people into public forestland management to enhance ecosystem wellbeing in the region. Although the wellbeing and livelihood of local community members are inherently connected to public lands management, historically their input into decisions has had limited. Ethnoforestry seeks to change this by creating a bottom-up approach to lands management,where local people and stakeholders become more involved in management through direct feedback and input as well as through a participatory research design. Community members,especially those who have been living in place for generations, have localized knowledge that can be extremely useful when conceiving new approaches. Their contributions not only have a positive impact on their wellbeing directly, but also help ensure that the best available knowledge is used when developing and designing research studies. Ethnoforestry was the first prescription conceived under the Alt-2-inspired strategy and is based on extensive discussions, interactions, and formal interviews with a wide range of stakeholders concerned about the welfare of both rural communities on the Olympic Peninsula and the Peninsula forests and streams. Inspiration was provided initially at a canoe-donation ceremony at ONRC in 2017,where Viola Riebe a Hoh tribal elder expressed concerns about availability of plants critical to basket weaving such as Beargrass. She had lamented that there had been a decline of Beargrass and other critical weaving species over the course of her lifetime.As we spoke with others in the community,we realized this was a common sentiment.Plants that were once abundant,from Beargrass to cedar,were becoming harder to find and becoming less accessible. It quickly grew beyond a single focus on tribal concerns about culturally significant plants about management on ceded lands under treaty obligations to also include all people who love and depend on the forest. The root, "ethno"refers to people; so ethnoforestry is simply "people-forestry." While lower elevation forests near communities have potential to provide for specific plants of elevated interest (like Beargrass),the watersheds in this study are far from town with limited access at times. In nearly all our interactions with the people of the Peninsula,the welfare and access to elk and cedar were mentioned, for a variety of reasons—so elk forage became a priority in this application of ethnoforestry. [add in a WREST link here] 2 [Some of below is also covered in the Complex early-seral prescription] Many stakeholders and researchers have been concerned about the fate of early-seral plant and animal communities that have been systematically diminished by creating large late-seral forest reserves (especially on Forest Service lands)but also by short-rotation harvest systems that include dense conifer planting and effective control of their early-seral competition(especially on industrial lands). Hunting of elk and deer(subsistence and recreational) is a major link between community and environment on the Olympic Peninsula, along with wildlife viewing. Subsistence hunting for a source of protein that can last throughout the year is particularly important to some residents, but even non-hunters voice their concern about the ungulate populations and note the value they have for community wellbeing. Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti)and black-tailed deer(Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)are two important ungulate species on the Olympic Peninsula. Both graze on understory species and often do so in open clearings or within patch cuts with more abundant forage(Link 2004).A key issue for ungulate populations is a lack of early seral habitat that tends to have nutritious and digestible understory plant species, such as graminoids and herbs, best suited for elk and deer(Jenkins and Starkey 1984; Lopez Perez 2006). On the Peninsula,the overly dense, mid-seral,25-to 70-year-old second-growth conifer stands speak for themselves with strikingly low biomass and biodiversity of both early and late-seral understory species. A variety of plant and animal species dependent on early-seral conditions are in decline. The coast range, spanning from the Olympic Peninsula to the San Francisco Bay area,has experienced a decline in early- seral forest conditions since the 1990s(Phalan et al. 2019),presenting a clear issue for wildlife that require this seral stage for survival. This includes ungulates such as deer and elk,neo-tropical birds that feed on insects and seeds of hardwood shrubs and trees,the insects themselves and especially pollinators, and even the stream foodchains that depend on higher quality leaf litter and insect input from across the entire watershed. Although this issue has yet to be addressed through the ESA, it is an important emerging issue nonetheless from a biodiversity perspective. Oftentimes, land managers try to eliminate any potential competition that may pose a threat to the timber crop, limiting understory species that create biodiversity and forage material in forest stands(Hagar 2007). Studies evaluating understory removal have indicated that removing initial understory does improve conifer growth,but only up to a certain point.A study by Yildiz et al. (2011)showed that up to 75%removal of understory positively impacted tree development,but beyond that amount there was no greater benefit, indicating that 25%of understory cover can be retained without negative impact to conifer growth. In addition,by adding red alder,a valuable hardwood timber species, it can also increase the abundance of herbaceous species(Hanley et al.,2006)that are important for ungulate health in the region. By changing our management strategy to promote both understory growth and timber production, we can generate early seral habitat that can provide plant material for wildlife and for local people to use can be a substantial step in achieving ecosystem wellbeing. A major opportunity has been identified for growing non-conifer plants in support of elk and other early- seral dependent species was identified through studies of early stand development on the Peninsula. Conifer plantations ideally have about 150-300 trees per acre or less at the time they are harvested at rotation age (about 45 years for DNR on the Peninsula). About 5 years after stands are harvested, seedlings under a foot tall(30 cm)can number over 50,000(Bobsin 2017). Seedlings and saplings taller than a foot often number over 2000 (many more after thinning, driving the common observation, "dog- 3 haired hemlock"). At least 95%of these trees have to die before crop-tree densities are achieved at rotation age. Mortality is driven mainly by over-crowding but can be accelerated with pre-commercial thinning usually in years 10-15,which can cost upwards of$115 to$190/acre. If conifer density can be limited closer to a crop-tree spacing in young stands, spaces would be created for other plants with other benefits, at least until the conifer canopies closed. Planting conifer seedlings in clumps distributed at crop-tree spacing is designed to achieve compatibility between initial space for non-conifers and later the stocking needed to produce timber revenue. The idea has been around for many decades but has not been tried enough to really know how well it works. A further evolution of this concept emerged writing this prescription, variable-density planting, which could be achieved by varying patterns of clumped seedlings within a stand. Widely adopted as a way to restore second growth,variable-density thinning first conceived in the Pacific Northwest in the 1990s (cite Andy Carey/others) seeks to more closely mimic patterns in nature. Adding variability to planting would also better mimic natural succession and create more and more variable early-seral habitat. The concept is based on the idea that more natural patterns will accommodate locally adapted species (including some threatened and endangered ones,known and unknown). Environmental stakeholders have often viewed variable-density thinning prescriptions much more favorably than regeneration harvesting like VRH(see accelerated VDT prescription). Variability has another value,risk reduction. Placing all eggs in one basket runs the risk of catastrophic loss if that approach fails. Diversifying approaches increases the chance that at least some approaches will succeed. North et al. (2019)discuss increasing heterogeneity of post-fire stand development that might influence future fire spread on fire-and drought-prone sites in California through variable planting. They suggest that clumping might influence seedling and sapling survival through recurring drought and fire. They suggest leaving pockets without planting near live trees, planting clustered and evenly spaced seedlings, and allowing unaided regeneration. They do not address wood production, ungulate forage, or cultural plants. Because these ideas have not been widely applied or applied for the objectives we seek, many uncertainties are apparent at stand and landscape scales. Reducing these uncertainties is accomplished by adding a learning objective to the prescription. Variable clumping can easily be arranged across the stands in a way that they can be more rigorously compared, using a statistical design. In effect, a variable-density planting prescription at an operational scale can also serve as a sub-study at smaller scales. This is offered as an option below. Uncertainties at operational and larger scales can be reduced by comparing this approach to current practice and other alternatives. For example,the impact on net revenue is complicated by the potentially offsetting effects of rapid individual tree growth and possible shorter rotations in more widely spaced stands relative to the higher total volumes in denser stands. More open-grown trees have higher live-crown ratios,may have greater resistance to wind, insects, and disease, but also have more branches and knots which may reduce wood quality grades. Learning is not confined to researchers alone. Our learning-based collaboration model seeks broader societal learning with researchers engaging with managers through this operational-scale management study and with stakeholders through a variety of steps facilitated by Envirolssues: • Learning from each other through facilitated interactions,knowledge and values sharing, and constant search for the right questions to be asking... 4 • Demonstrating alternatives in field tours(and on line?)to provide access for everyone to view the results and draw their own conclusions; • Participating in the scientific process through: o Feedback on the design and, in this prescription,help select a final version; o Deciding on key questions and allocation of limited monitoring funds; o Helping do field monitoring and work on data. With researchers and students. PRESCRIPTION OVERVIEW To engage with stakeholders,this draft of the prescription includes 3 options for the Ethnoforestry-early- seral prescription(Fig. EVDP-1),all following a standard VRH: A. Apply fixed-clump approach on 30 acres: • Plant Douglas-fir in clumps of 4 seedlings,where clump centers are 22 ft apart(350 seedlings/acre). Clumps with a competition-free buffer are initially 12 by 12 ft; 144 sq ft and take up 30%of each acre, leaving the remainder available for other purposes until tree canopies close; and • Follow with a tending regime designed for: o Inside clumps: eliminate competition between and next to planted conifers; o Interstitial: alter plant composition as cheaply as possible(1)to benefit ungulates, understory plants of interest to tribes, and the non-timber products businesses, and(2)to reduce hemlock in growth) B. Vary planting density across 30-acre units with nested sub-study on clump density: • Plant Douglas-fir in clumps of variable size from un-clumped to large 36-tree clumps (keeping 350 planted seedlings/acre constant)creating interstitial areas of various configurations and sizes to provide increased ungulate forage, heterogeneity to increase biodiversity of early-seral species, and other concerns raised in stakeholder outreach efforts(fig. EVDP-2). • Distribute clumps of various sizes across the unit in 5-to 6-acre sub-units, including 5 densities: 1- (control), 3-, 5-,7-,and 36-tree clumps to create a range of clump densities to be compared using a statistical design(1 set in each of the four Alt-2 watersheds; randomly assigned within each operational-scale unit). C. Demonstrate one clumping density at the stand-scale;apply option A to a portion of the unit: • Add a sub-unit treatment on 10 acres using the fixed clump approach; and • Apply standard Douglas-fir planting on the remaining 20 acres. This option minimizes the risk of less-than maximum timber revenue in the next rotation in 2065. All options are designed to produce timber revenue for the Trusts and meet most standard environmental rules. Standard procedures of sale administration and monitoring of planting success will be applied. [insert any special permissions here, allowable through HCP mandates] 5 Option A:Apply 4-tree dumps throughout Option 8:Apply VDP/dumping sub-study Option C:Limit to stand-scale demo 4-tree dumps ate22ftspacing * „.,�, " �,,`tt` , StudVttiL no dumping 1 } - Pathe rent dumpdesryns: tVatershed Aa applied randomly Figure EVDP-1. Options 1-3 for EVDP on Watershed Aa. See figure EVDP-2 for option B.The prescription unit is about 30 acres. [Subject to change by PIs]. In the current layout of the sub-study, room was found for 4 clump densities and a control standard planting(no interstitial). Clump densities that were evaluated(Fig. EVDP-2)affect initial interstitial area and maximum opening size(Fig. EVDP-3). More interstitial is achieved at lower trees/clump(60-75 %) compared trees/clump greater than 10. Maximum area of largest opening is the opposite with largest opening at higher trees/clump. These densities are expected to affect eventual timber volume at rotation, amount of browse and non-conifer early seral vegetation in space and time, and needs for pre-commercial thinning. Other effects are more speculative, including optimal forage/cover(hiding,thermal,edge; Witmer and Kuttel 1985)and also planting and tending costs,browse damage,wood quality,hunter success,and mycorrhizal sharing and windfirmness in clumps. Effect of changing tree spacing within a clump will also be considered. In an initial analysis,4-tree clumps with 3, 4, and 6 ft tree spacing were compared. Shifting tree spacing within 4-tree clumps from 6 to 3 ft increased interstitial area 23%from 62 to 76%of the total area. Distance between planted trees had a fairly small effect on interstitial%and a small effect on maximum opening. Other effects(browse, mycorrhizal network,wind) are poorly understood but possible. Reducing the number of clump densities to include in option B, from 5 to 4 or 3 is possible and might have the advantages of increasing sub-unit size. Although Watersheds Aa,Ba, and Ca have sub-units 6 to 12 acres, in and Da only smaller units were possible(4 to 7; see Appendix 1). Sub-unit size may determine whether elk use can be monitored meaningfully. Note though that to get to more than 6 acres, sub-units most often have to include an intervening riparian buffer, given the stream densities on these steep, hyper-humid sites. Other elements under consideration include seeding with grasses and legumes (Ramsey and Krueger 1986),and specifics of how to control competing vegetation in planted as well as unplanted areas. 6 No-dump control at 11.2•ft spacing 4-tree clumps at 22-ft spacing 6-tree dumps at 27-ft spacing 16-tree dumps at 45-ft spacing (trees Oft apart with 4 ft buffer) (trees 6 ft apart with 4 ft buffer) (trees aft apart with 4 ft buffer) oh Aft .ft tuft ON mR OR 81A Oft tart 40ft OOk Ott soft Wit sore :71 § TT i� 4 4 - 4 4 4 4 4 ''4 4 d 4 i ,-,-,:-';'AY):-,.,4-"'-. 4 *444145= =i 4 - 4 = 44p� 44 .;"` 44 '`, 4 W # t + Yrhl'RR 4 s 27ih(M •uk 41 ...a p ( •4 # s y a 4 4 a-' 4 4'.- _ 4. 4 4 - 4 ' [[ iiat4wriri Y3$ Gym _ nA '4r.^4a ,i �t d '" W+r+ "R e., .: .S 4°' � � 4� a 4 4 # 4 4 4 4 ' i 44 ' i9 44 44 4 $ ;�i - ° 9�y a44 ( ,14G 44 4444' A4 �+i 4 i�lis tapitl , 4 4 4 4 d', 4 4 � 'ri' 4 i '6'- 3r4 r, 4•4 a 4,-4 - ,iii 'p��,1 i s 4 a r 4 4 t ii I.. i. nR --..--- 40R 4 d d 4 4 4 u } 4 i RR-Rz aaR 4 3"4 4 _ } # i fig Pti( i i Il P a ;I + s 7 c* r s s 3, g .' !;!!u iiriq I n i _ r � OW 1 4 4 ;1,,tt"('a 4 4 455 4 iti .z ii i it mmiiiii)iiii� r�f 4 r, iW� r is I I i on )` FF��,.> i" i.. saA F 4 �4 4 ,)Al.',"4 4`, aaR 4 4 4 �l� ig1Ul- 4 _ • ..,. 4 ♦ 4 , ,4 P:. : 4' 4 4 4 '4 4' 4 . • - 44 44 44 4 -....«..; — 5•tree dumps at 2S-ft spacing 3-tree dumps at 19-ft spacing (trees 4 ft apart with 4 ft buffer) (trees 4 ft apart with 4 ft buffer) 8-tree clumps at 324t spacing 36-tree dumps at 67-ft spacing (trees 6 ft apart with O ft buffer) (trees 8 ft apart with O ft buffer) OR Mfl ORR fOR as toe we raft oft tort 49k SIC oh Soh wit Wt. rya.... tl } 3� ( i it '- — - h •4 ��,14 4 ii e 4 -4 - ,i t AU( I7 'Via 1 �'((�Bui DiiL is ��i���di��di�al��illli i sttio '➢', _. ,i lit 4 4 4 4 ,14• 4 4 4 4 4 4 b 9 t%t4" it fliS% 4 - 4t4° 4 4 4 4 4. 4 4 = e? r 44.* - 4k4gvR 4 4 p } 4 "" 4 6•.4 4 } 4 i 3,, a0k a lui 50k p ION 1 100,t i'. 4 v 4 4 7P byi061 i$ ,f i 4 4 4 t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44° ' 44 44 44 „6 'h6i� ,,, 'In�i' `tjW ii -y ..tJ.,w4tiV , a:....». 4 • �.l.�k1wa..0,, t144 2 i° 4 4 4 } 4 4 r a A34 t l 4- 6Y+ '. it wJlu-l'' s (61 i! ,-! 4 4 r 4 4 'A ,E 4 4 ii# ''._• ids 4� 4 4 4 4 4 4 ! 4 4 we 444- 444 4., `}"444' fi a .� i 4 4 ill } 4 il+'i�. 4 .i i. 4 4 4 4 { , ,,, ", } - h _ -1 4 4 4 ) 4 4 4 4 �'Ii 4 4 �G �`, :1. eae 4* 4 .F.,�,4#44.rti4iii .....,,.f i'.,,. •_W[At ... } 444 ,;,,,, 4 4 „„„;,, 4 4 ,, ,, 4 4 .... , ,.. 4 4 4 - ! 4 4 4 - 4 4 4 4 4 Figure EVDP-2. Eight possible clumping arrangements(from many others)to choose from to implement Option B,variable-density planting with clumping-density sub-study. For the layout in fig. EVDP-1,5 of these will be assigned randomly within the operational-scale unit.The interstitial space will be managed for elk forage,culturally valuable species,and early-seral habitat. The clumps and buffers will be dedicated to timber production. The green background provides a 10th-acre scale. lnterst(t(a)% Max open *0 tap 2500 z0 *'* a 5 ft lnten-tree • C a 7ft i0 i +. - .spacing • s. 2000 49 60 i a_ 40ft 0 7Ft 0, w.••`*$ 5$.. 50 --' * aft 174 1500 4.9{L - 4.4 40 -_1. _✓•-"., C inter-tree 4 aft P_I: 1Q50 4 a•y „,. at d0 + spacing R1 „• 10 to• 0.«,...•-..•{{ C B h _ ____. __. ____. ..... 't=T; 4 5 m 15 20 25 50 55 a0 5 50 15 20 25 20 35 40 t/t• -500 - .,..... Trees per clump Trees per clump Figure EVDP-3. Change in initial area of interstitial(top)and size of largest opening(bottom)with clump density. Open triangles are wider inter-tree spacing; open circle is closer spacing. Theinitial ve vegetation management concept is tocontrol all competing species in planted areas g g p (1) p g p including a free-to-grow perimeter,and(2) selectively favor browse and cultural species.in the interstitial. A variety of post-harvest vegetation management actions will be applied to clumps to produce timber- based revenue and to interstitial for early seral objectives. In several post-planting visits,vegetation will be selective controlled through manual or chemical means. 7 Vegetation management will be accomplished by identifying and ranking common understory and tree species beneficial to ungulates. We presume that natural conifer regeneration, certain nonnative invasive plants, and aggressive species with little browse value would be reduced in favor of those that are. Cost- effectiveness will guide the development of specific stand-tending actions,as they have a large impact on projected future revenue since they occur long-before harvest. For example,pre-commercial thinning will be applied mainly to optimize late-rotation timber production and net revenue. Seeding with species of value to elk will be evaluated(Ramsey and Krueger 1986). This treatment may also include a few 10tn- acre demonstration plantings along the road of specific culturally significant understory plants based on the small-scale ethnoforestry field trial underway in 2020 by ONRC on DNR land near La Push. 8 CURRENT PRE-TREATMENT STAND CONDITIONS Four operational-scale units were chosen in each of the 4 Alt-2 integration strategy watersheds (Fig. EVDP-3;Appendix 1). Units were chosen from a pool of[describe criteria]. Stands were harvested in 19XX to 19XX(table 1). [We may be able to provide a roll-over photo-graphic of earliest pre and post- harvest arial, and track down timber-sale folders to get other data on slashburning,herbicide, site prep, planting,...] Table 1. Stand conditions, past and present(mapped operable polygon) Condition description Stand 1 Stand 2 Stand 3 Stand 4 (in Aa) (in Ba) (in Ca) (in Da) Pristine forest Older conifer with larger trees(seemingly little affected by '21 blow) Pristine forest trees Large trees about 30 to 60 ft apart(maybe 10 to 50 large tpa) Original harvest Yet to be verified Riparian buffers? Yet to be verified Slashburning? Yet to be verified Herbicides? Yet to be verified Douglas-fir planting? Yet to be verified Geomorphology' Yet to be verified Average slope Yet to be verified Average aspect Yet to be verified Sandstone or glacial Yet to be verified soil% Deep seated landslides Yet to be verified Other geodata Yet to be verified Acres BA>6in Ht t0p40 QMD>6in RD>6in 15.0 300 150 20 100 Aa 10.0 290 100 10 SO s.0 -- 100 s0 o.o o o 0 0 15.0 301 1'.4 20 100 _.. ,a 10.0 200 100 10 50 e, Ba 5.0 1.00 SO N0.0 U 0 0 0 M 10 0 MO 100 Ca 50 100 50 10 50 0 0 0 0 U 0 100 240 100 10 s0 Da 5.0 100 5o 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Sub-unit(1-5 are study units) Figure EVDP-4. Variability across sub-units based on lidar-based inventory. For trees over 6 in diameter, BA is basal area,QMD is quadratic mean diameter,RD is relative density; Ht is height of tallest 40 trees. ' The geology field review may not be complete before the study plan is reviewed 9 r b 3 Watershed Aa Sb 4 54,. Watershed Ba o . 3 § 5� 2b 7 r �ro Watershed Da ``Watershed Ca . F 5 sub-unit - s design (Option B) n„ 9 k f � Figure EVDP-3.Proposed layout for the ethnoforestry/VDP prescription(option B). Clumping designs(0,3,5,8,and 36 trees/clump)would be assigned randomly to available sub-units creating a variable-density planting array across the operational-scale unit. See Appendix 1 for more details. Prescription questions and monitoring [We will develop prescription specific questions and monitoring needed to answer them to feed into the overall study plan, where cross prescription questions will be developed(the main focus of the study) and final decisions made about questions and monitoring limited by funding. All upland monitoring will seek to apply remote sensing techniques to acquire entire-operational scale (-30 acre) data. Efforts are underway to develop these and identi minimum ground data for models and for data not collectable remotely. Plans are underway to implement field plots and explore remote methods this summer 2021] Key uncertainties include: I. Costs/benefits of clumped planting and focused vegetation management; 2. Interactions between desired species,browsing, and conifer regeneration; 3. Increase in crop-tree growth and possible decline in wood quality; and 4. Effectiveness regarding browse and specific crop production given novel nature of this prescription. 5. Field trip reactions from stakeholders 10 This prescription, when compared to standard VRH, controls, and other operational-scale prescriptions has the capacity to address several specific questions, although the capacity differs with the chosen option: Will net revenue for Trusts meet that achieved in the Standard VRH plantation? [The plan is to model cost/benefit estimates and project net revenue for entire rotations(S. Toth will oversee MS students, and he will examine the full range of assumptions and perform sensitivity analyses)]. Can total production (evaluated through the ecosystem wellbeing framework) be increased by concentrating crop conifers in clumps in a waythat achieves net revenue objectives (+/- 15%) and at the same time produces other objectives (inspired by community input) in the interstitial areas during the few decades before conifers close their canopy (relative to other prescriptions)? [this question cannot be quantitatively answered with Option C,as key operations data are not possible on less than operational scales(30 acre)] Will other specific objectives be enhanced(relative to other prescriptions) including forage/habitat for ungulates, birds, and insects in interstitial areas, understory plants of specific value to tribes or non- timber products, and C sequestration? [It is possible to collect data on initial seedling and vegetation responses on small plots, but these may not represent operational scales very well and may degrade various comparisons with operational-scale data] How will ungulates and birds respond directly? [Because direct measures cannot be made below 30-acre scale it's not possible in Option C, for Option B the response will be to variable-density planting, not to individual clumps densities which are at too small a scale] How will the optimal PCT timing and cost vary by clump size?, and Will it be feasible to reduce entries by using some clump sizes? [Bill's question relating to upper Clearwater stands] Will the vegetation/habitat heterogeneity created by variable-density planting have a measurable effect on biodiversity in a similar way to variable-density thinning? Other measures to consider: • Aboveground tree volume,total biomass production(NPP),and C sequestration at stand scale (past, initial post-harvest,and projected future) o Sub-question about initial NPP in shrubs and trees (generally not measured) • Relative costs of harvesting,trucking,roads,tending,as well as admin and study costs to determine direct(current and future)trust benefit and well as implications on community wellbeing independent of trust revenue; • Windthrow(and other disturbances): predicted by the DNR model and actual,and cost/benefit to objectives; • Soil movement: o Did harvest increase movement frequency? o Do un-thinned riparian buffer trees trigger initiation of soil movement? • Levels of stakeholder support. 11 ACTIONS AND TIMELINES [Here we also need to detail harvest and post-harvest activities and dates including felling,yarding, hauling, site prep, planting,tending PCT through a full rotation] Table 2. Actions and timeline Actions Estimated date Seek initial stakeholder feedback and participation April/May 2021 Finalize prescription • Choose option A,B, or C June 2021 • Choose sub-studies June 2021 o VDP o Small cultural plantings o Forage seeding? Complete study plan for peer review June 2021 • Finalize questions • Set monitoring priorities Timber sale Late summer/Fall 2021 • Set contract language • Develop sale-admin monitoring protocols 12 Literature cited Bobsin. C. 2017. Understory development in thinned stands as part of a long-term ecosystem productivity study. [UW MS Thesis] Hagar, J.C., 2007. Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest conifer forests: A review. For.Ecol. Manage. 246, 108-122. Hanley,T.A.,Deal,R.L., Orlikowska,E.H., 2006. Relations between red alder composition and understory vegetation in young mixed forests of southeast Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 36, 738-748. Jenkins,K.J., Starkey, E.E., 1984. Habitat Use by Roosevelt Elk in Unmanaged Forests of the Hoh Valley, Washington. J. Wildl. Manage. 48, 642. Link, R., 2004.Living with Wildlife: Elk. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Lopez Perez,E. 2006.Natural selenium and planted forages: effects on mule deer and elk in Washington. North,MP,JT. Stevens, DF Greene,M Coppoletta,EE Knapp,AM Latimer, CM Restaino,RE Tompkins, KR Welch, RA York, DJN Young,JN Axelson,TN Buckley, BL Estes, RN Hager, JW Long,MD Meyer, SM Ostoja,HD Safford,KL Shive, CL Tubbesing,H Vice,D Walsh, CM Werner,and P Wyrsch. 2019. Reforestation for resilience in dry western U.S. forests. Forest ecology and Management 432: 209-224. Phalan, B. T.,J. M.Northrup, Z. Yang,R. L. Deal,J. S. Rousseau, T. A. Spies, and M. G. Betts. 2019. Impacts of the Northwest Forest Plan on forest composition and bird populations. PNAS 116(8):3322-3327. Yildiz, O., Cromack, K., Radosevich, S.R., Martinez-Ghersa,M.A., Baham, J.E.,2011. Comparison of 5th- and 14th-year Douglas-fir and understory vegetation responses to selective vegetation removal. For. Ecol. Manage. 262: 586-597. Ramsey,K.J. and W.C. Krueger. 1986. Graass-legume seeding to improve winter forage for Roosevelt Elk: a literature review. Special report 763.Agricultural Experiment Station,Oregon State University, Corvallis,OR. Wittmer, G.W., and M.P. Kuttel. 1985. Deer and Elk. Pages 231-258, in Brown,E.R. (Ed.)Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington. Pacific Northwest Region,Portland, OR. [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=RpHhv2fCfa0C&h1=en&pg=GBS.PA258] 13 Appendix 1. Layout maps for option B. Sub-unit acres 0 4.2 (EF demo unit) 5 ;x 1 6.7 2 9.7 3 11.7 , 4 4 8.0 5 98 S0.1 Issues: 0 � ' • Units 2 and 4 have little ridge connection 2� � • Variability in recent light thinning? 1 • East to north aspect ; az Watershed Aa { ^5 Acre.2 s 0 1 (EF demo unit) 5b 1 10.1 10.1 2a 6.1 8.3 5a,.. 2b 2.8 _. 3a 4.8 10.1 _ �� 3b 5.3 �t 4 5a 9. 3.42 9. 9.72 5b tershed Ba Wa LI 3b 48.0 o 2 drops � Z Issues 2b over ridge lu M and road �2a� az �I" Ir > • 5splitbyfMZ 1 n • Variation in aspevt 14 "; Watershed Ca �- 1 / / 44 zE s 1 pF o 3� x f � 3 k # i VNN 3.FRYC9 t rn,(-tY re ttte Acres Issues: 0 3.4 (EF demo unit) • All south aspect 1 5.9 • All above mid-ridge road 2 6.9 • Highest elevation of all 3 6.7 4 6.9 5 6.5 32.7 Acres 0 0.9 (EF demo unit) 1 5.4 2 5.4 3 5.7 4 . 4 4.4 5 6_6 Watershed Da 27.5 Issues: • Smallest sub units(4.4-6.6) • 4 and 5 separated and with different aspect 2 3 .mom yx 15 jeffbocc From: Sonia Story <sonia@moveplaythrive.com> Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 5:59 PM To: jeffbocc Cc: Kate Dean; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Board of Health Subject: Public Health is best served by individuals choosing their healthcare--for public record CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. The following email of May 14, 2021 is to be entered into the official public record so that we know it was given to the below listed individuals and the Jefferson County Public Health staff. Greetings County Commissioners Kate Dean, Heidi Eisenhour, Greg Brotherton, Dr.Tom Locke, and other Jefferson County Public Health Officers: I appreciate your service to our county residents and trust you are sincerely doing your best to be of service to all. The least complicated, morally justifiable,and best way to be of service in health matters is to let individuals freely choose what is best for them regarding health care. Regarding health:We can all agree with—and doctors are ethically bound to uphold—the statement:"First do no harm". Science reveals, headlines conceal. Our public health policies seem to be guided by headlines and not science. Where is the evidence that wearing masks does no harm? Mask wearing is unhealthy, may lower immune system function,and does not protect against disease—science confirms this; headlines say the opposite. https://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/meta-analyses-suggest-regular-hand-hygiene-provided-significant-protective- eff https://www.citizensforfreespeech.org/blaylock_face_masks_pose_serious_risks_to_the_healthy Mask wearing is experimental in nature and should not be imposed on a healthy population and never on children. It is child abuse to require a child to wear a mask that does not block germs but does block sufficient air and oxygen. Proclamations and mandates are not laws. One-size-fits all health care is fine for some,dangerous for others. Individuals—along with their trusted healthcare practitioners—have full right to make personal, individual plans of care in all health matters. No matter how well-meaning our public servants are, healthcare decisions are personal, should be individualized for maximum effectiveness,and should never be decided by a governor, a county commissioner, nor a public health official. Vaccines are not suitable for everyone and are legally classified as"unavoidably unsafe". Unsafe means dangerous. That is why every individual must have the right to choose without fear of socially accepted discrimination. i Where is the evidence that injecting an experimental substance with known toxins will do no harm? https://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/study-finds-plausible-link-between-deadly-prion-brain-diseases-experimental- mrna-3 https://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/covid-1g-vaccine-adverse-events-report The FDA Briefing Documents about the current experimental injections make clear that much is unknown about the safety of these products, including:adverse reactions"that require longer follow-up to be detected,"and whether the vaccines will cause"[v]accine-enhanced disease." FDA Briefing Document Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccineavailable at https://www.fda.gov/media/144245/download FDA Briefing Document Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine available at https://www.fda.gov/media/144434/download FDA Briefing Document Janssen COVID-ig Vaccineavailable athttps://www.fda.gov/media/146217/download As you deliberate on these issues in your positions of power, remember that the real power rightfully belongs to individuals.And where there is risk,there must be choice. Free choice without hindrance of fraud,coercion, discrimination, and with full informed consent. Thank you for your time to consider these important issues. Sonia Story Chimacum,Washington 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 4:35 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:Great CDC News and how to handle it in your business From: Jefferson County Chamber of Commerce Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 4:35:18 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Great CDC News and how to handle it in your business CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. [ h e Chamber www.jeffcountychamber.org I 360.385.7869 director@jeffcountychamber.org buafding business, budding community 1 jFF & CARES SAC ER 14 p1," 4 TO ! HER fcos 4 co --rus wa 9°4SSOWler '` momfaony fKietriy t tedgut I stae Paeand statetat } attn de meta maintain sac' ee to mask upfuuyya"t"a nafter Charlber # IOW1ISenU jetrowtow„betorg :ice`"asCing t 'a% �,a distan i S . ur Masking Mandate is still in effect in Jefferson County and Washington State. Dr. Locke clearly states this and more in the article link below. Inslee: Open for business by end of June I Peninsula Daily News If you would like copies of this poster and the Safer&Healthy Together lists for your store or office please reach out to the Chamber and we will provide them at no cost to assist you in addressing visitor questions and concerns. ad min @ jeffcoun tych amber.org Your Ad could be reaching this large audience at no cost to you!Just ask us! The Chamber is investing in our Community& YOUR business. The Chamber of Jefferson County II Jefferson CountyChamber of Commerce 2409 Jefferson Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 I 2 , Unsubscribe kdean@codeferson.wa.us Update Profile I Constant Contact Data Notice Sent by director@jeffcountychamber.org powered by 00 Constant Contact Try email marketing for free today! 3 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 3:42 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Olympic Angels business plan Attachments: Olympic Angels 2021-23 Business Plan v2 DRAFT.docx From: Ian Hanna Sent: Friday, May 14, 2021 3:40:42 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Greg Brotherton; Kate Dean; Heidi Eisenhour Subject: Olympic Angels business plan CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Commissioners, Just as an fyi I've attached the Angels three year business plan to give you a sense of goals and direction. We're continuing to iterate on it, but I think it's solid enough for prime time. or engagement. We welcome anyadvice r it to interested parties. Please feel free to forward Thanks for all you do. Ian Hanna I President, Board of Directors Cell: 904.333.1714 ian(i olympicangels.org PO Box 654 Port Townsend, WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org v o s T E q .•2'4 O0 M P f.;".Q0 \\�1 Ali A 1 IIIIIIIPrAPF 5 t �VGE•. 1 •,,, o. • ... c y o M M U N I t "Wrapping community around children, youth, and families in the foster care community through intentional giving, relationship building, and mentorship." 1 Email Confidentiality Disclaimer and Notification: This message is intended for the individual or entity to whom it is addressed, and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, and should not be disclosed under applicable law. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete the message. 2 o s T E Q 4vY MPJ�*q� \\;1/i Si r�.SS •. w A zA'S o,,M u N,S No child is an island. To survive and grow,you depended on people to be there and care for your basic needs-a mother, a father, siblings,grandparents,friends.With any luck, at least one of them stuck with you until you launched into the world.You had someone you could depend on. Olympic Angels is here to make sure the communities of the Olympic Peninsula have the tools they need to provide relational permanence to children that are experiencing foster care-that someone is there for every child. The all Think back to your six-year-old self. Everything you experienced back then bristled with newness and intensity.Your home,family, friends, school, and community defined your world and sense of reality. With any luck,you were comforted by the embrace of those close to you.These were the people that helped make you who you are today. Now, imagine being that new to the world, but removed from your family because of their substance use, incarceration, or worse - because they abused or severely neglected you. Imagine being sent to live with strangers, away from literally everything that you know, and then repeating that experience with another, different set of strangers in a different town over and over, each time having anything familiar ripped away from you.This is what most kids experience in foster care, being moved an average of seven times in two years. Many adults don't have to imagine it-some version of this scenario was their childhood experience. Kids placed in foster care face very high risks for much worse outcomes later in life than their peers.This isn't only because the situation that caused them to be placed in the care of the state was traumatic, but also because the experience of being in foster care layers on additional traumas.An overwhelming body of evidence'shows that the kind of ongoing, chronic trauma experienced by these kids not only severely impacts their emotional state and behavioral needs during childhood, but also leads to drastically poorer outcomes as they reach adulthood. "Childhood traumas, particularly those that are interpersonal, intentional, and chronic are associated with greater rates of PTSD, PTSS, depression and anxiety, antisocial behaviors, and greater risk for alcohol and substance use disorders." The Biological Effects of Childhood Trauma. 1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693406/ Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org When we first began researching the foster system and the related work of the Department of Children, Youth, & Families(DCYF) here on the Olympic Peninsula, we quickly realized that ours is one of the most challenging child welfare regions in Washington State:the largest both geographically and in terms of the number of children placed in foster care.We also reviewed data on young adults who had recently aged out of care. Of the four we could find: one had died of an overdose within two months, one had turned to sex work and had a baby that was taken into foster care,one went directly into homelessness and was repeatedly hospitalized for self-harm, and one was single and pregnant at 19, but able to move in with her former foster parents to stabilize. These stories echo equally harsh national statistics for kids aging out of the foster system: • fewer than half will graduate high school; • within a year of aging out, half will either be incarcerated or homeless; • only 2%will complete college, despite having a free ride to any State school in Washington. To put a fine point on it-foster care is where America's social injustices play out.The way we've been treating the most vulnerable among us is morally indefensible and phenomenally costly, and it doesn't have to be so. One of the main contributors to the trauma children experience in foster care is the lack of community support and stable relationships with caring, responsible, dependable adults. Placement in the foster system can sometimes equate to stability, but more often kids are repeatedly moved, often far from the Peninsula and all they know, uprooting and re-traumatizing them again and again. Solution We believe that for foster care to work, we have to design the system of care around the needs of the child. Children in the court dependency system are wards of the state- literally society's children-and should be treasured for who they are and the potential they hold. Here on the Olympic Peninsula, we've decided we can do much, much better,simply by placing community volunteers in support of families and making sure each child has at least one healthy, consistent adult relationship in addition to their foster parents. We have repeatedly found that while not everyone is called to foster, most anyone can make a difference in the life of a child in care. If one in every hundred people in our area chose to help, 1000 citizens would be fundamentally transforming the experience of foster care. After a nationwide search for a program model capable of shifting the narrative and outcomes of the foster system,we discovered the National Angels network, originally developed in Austin.With initial help from Seattle Angels,we began serving families on the Peninsula in March of 2019 and founded Olympic Angels shortly thereafter. Olympic Angels is now an independent chapter,one of 22 (and counting) nationwide.This local-national relationship provides an ideal balance of evidence-based program development, marketing support, and a national peer network on one hand with local control on the other. Olympic Angels is the first fully Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org rural chapter in the national system, committed to eventually serving the entire foster population in Jefferson and Clallam Counties.We work in close collaboration with DCYF and over 50 other partner organizations and businesses to place citizen volunteers in service of the foster community. Olympic Angels operates two programs: Love Box-A group of local volunteers is matched with a single foster family to walk alongside them on their foster journey.Volunteer groups are carefully matched by case managers to provide ongoing direct support,with a particular focus on developing deep, affirming relationships with the children in care. Factors considered include family size and composition, interests, age, and the particular needs presented by the child or the family. Carefully curating the match improves the resiliency of our foster families and engages the whole community in the movement to improve the foster care system,which ultimately leads to more stable placements.We are quantifying these impacts locally as part of a nationwide research partnership with the University of Texas-Austin's Children's Research Center. "Children in foster care experience placement instability unrelated to their baseline problems, and this instability has a significant impact on their behavioral well-being. This finding would support the development of interventions that promote placement stability as a means to improve outcomes among youth entering care."' With support from Angels case managers,each Love Box group customizes itself to meet the needs of the family.This can include emotional support,tutoring, delivering meals and supplies, or providing respite care for the foster parents, among other types of support. On average, families receive over 40 hours of volunteer support per month. Dare-to-Dream- Mentors from the community are trained by case managers and likewise carefully matched to walk alongside youth age 11-22. Similar to the Love Box program,these mentors work on building a deep and affirming relationship, with a focused goal of helping the teen or young adult prepare for life beyond foster care, mainly by working to achieve a set of tailored developmental milestones needed for independent living. In both of these programs,volunteers are supported by Angels case managers, who act as community organizers to recruit,vet, train, match, support, and celebrate volunteers. Case managers use a nationally consistent intake system to understand the unique needs of referred families and volunteers, and take great care to make matches that have the greatest potential for a deep and durable relationship.They continue to support the match with training,troubleshooting, and guidance throughout the process. 2 https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/2/336.Ionq Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org b0 aa BATCHES OF COOKIES 2 Q YEAR OF (� VOLUNTEERS ` SERVICE 11jta- sI ° 00 11111.1 Family BOXES XES OF ion( ; fi�� i LOVE BOX DELIVERIES of76" ypw����d� Pi .,. CSA d PRODUCE 2O ■ Hi DELIVERED THE D THE P7 �, DOORSTEP I I HOT MEALS DELIVERED HOURS �� WALKING KIDS IN STROLLERS u u WHILE THE 0CZ7 1111/ PARENTS HOMESCHOOL V ITAM IX Figure 1-The accomplishments of one Love Box group throughout 2020,supporting a foster family with several children with developmental differences. Thus far Olympic Angels volunteers have served over 55 children, even staying connected when children are moved out of our area. In 2020,total case management expenses were $21,684 to initiate and support foster families and mentees.This returned $193,216 in volunteer time, in-kind donations, and miles driven on behalf of the families and mentees, a nearly 9x return on investment3. The Olympic Angels model allows everyone in the community to have a role in improving foster care and the outcomes for children,whether they return to their birth families, are adopted, or age out of dependency or kinship care. Someone can coordinate with a Love Box leader to solely provide financial support;they can actively help make meals, deliver supplies, research and activate resources, or help with transportation;they can be a Love Box leader that coordinates the whole team; they can focus on being the one consistent, healthy adult for a child;they can mentor a youth in care; or they can provide respite care and see if full-time fostering is right for them.To date,the Angels offer has been met with nearly universal acceptance by foster families; many long-time foster parents say it's the first time they've ever felt truly supported. 3 Conversion factors:Volunteer time=$33.75/hr(Independent Sector WA average);Mileage=0.14¢(IRS nonprofit donation rate) Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org "I cannot even begin to describe how humbling it has been to have so much love and support enveloping our family. I could only wish that all foster families could experience that someday."Sharon,foster mother Our intent is not to "solve" foster care, but we can make life a whole lot better for children,foster families, and our communities by: • ensuring that every child in foster care on the Olympic Peninsula has at least one healthy, long term relationship with an adult • supporting foster households with whole-family care that enables foster parents to deliver a more stable environment for children in their care • giving each Peninsula community a framework for helping improve foster care that's compatible with individual lifestyles and availability. See https://www.olvmpicangels.org/program.html for more information. Goal Our vision is that every young person in foster care has healthy, affirming, and lasting adult relationships within their community.We know from the literature and simple human experience that this is the single most critical building block to healthy development. To provide families with exceptional support, we first have to provide our volunteers with the training, guidance, and peer network they need to be successful, as they are the people providing frontline care. Somewhat counterintuitively, our goal over the next three years is not directly focused on the number of children served or changes in their trajectory, but on the number of volunteers we successfully put into front line service, as they are the foundation of successful outcomes: By the end of 2023, Olympic Angels will empower 400 program volunteers to serve children in foster care and the families that support them. To date,we have recruited 120 volunteers and have mapped the annual goals and related capacities and costs needed to reach 400.While the number of volunteers is an indicator of our capacity, it is the quality of their experience that dictates the depth and duration of their involvement. For this reason,we focus on survey-driven feedback and continuous quality improvement at every stage - recruitment, vetting,training, matching, supporting, retaining, celebrating, and even offboarding. Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org mow Total Volunteers By County 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 Clallam 16 4 5 98 200 a Jet farson 84 135 182 200 Figure 2:Projected cumulative volunteer recruitment by county Strategy As a new organization serving a large and diverse population,our strategic priorities in the coming three years all revolve around making a system of community-supported foster care possible.We know from both the literature and experience that community advocacy and dedicated care are the keys to improving the lives of not just children, but also foster families, and even the life quality and well being of volunteers.' Angels serves children in both the State dependency system and those in kinship care arrangements.At any given time,there are roughly 120-140 children in the dependency system between Jefferson and Clallam Counties.Though no accurate census exists, we estimate that the number in kinship care arrangements is 2-3x of the dependency system.The population being served is thus several hundred individual children, nearly all of whom come from poverty. Of those in State dependency, 34%are BIPOC (10%tribally affiliated) and 10% LGBT4+. By activating 400 volunteers we can ensure that approximately 200 of these children have either a team of advocates or a mentor they would have never had otherwise,offering support much like an extended family. Our three strategies are intended to be both distinct, but also highly intertwined: Strategy 1:Provide the framework that allows the broader Peninsula community to organize 4 https://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecf-whatyoungpeopleneedtothrive-2015.pdf https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how volunteering can help your mental health Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org around improving the foster system. The foster system on the Olympic Peninsula doesn't suffer from a lack of resources- it simply lacks a framework for coordinating resources in service of foster families. Regular citizens haven't been given the opportunity to act as advocates,with a stair step of ways to engage that range from very easy to heavily involved. Well-trained volunteers providing whole family care fundamentally changes the underlying dynamics of foster care by bringing stability, attention, human kindness, and love to families that can often be overwhelmed and isolated.With a community-supported framework in place, suddenly a host of available resources can be activated, because there is a broader base of people with the time available to do things like fill out applications,track down the right people, or provide respite care to overburdened foster parents. "The Olympic Angels model is the future of foster care." Tom Stokes,Area Administrator, DCYF No one would disagree that the foster system needs improvements at every level. In time, as more and more people understand how the system of care can be rewired with children's best interests in mind, we believe our volunteers and partners are capable of becoming a collective force for positive change. Strategy 2:Focus on the volunteer as the core client, with highly personalized support at every stage. The Angels model is effective and efficient for one simple reason-ordinary people from all walks of life show up to do the work as volunteers.Our responsibility as an organization is to make sure their experience is as real,fulfilling, and purposeful as we possibly can. Foster care is anything but easy, so we ensure volunteers are well trained and informed, have a strong peer network of support, and are matched with families where they stand the best chance of doing the most good. At the heart of good service to volunteers is an individualized understanding of their needs and motivations. National Angels provides a proven framework for our case managers to understand, document, and take action relative to these needs and motivations through a consultative process. Foster families and children in care receive a parallel intake process, and it is through this depth of information that successful matches are made.This case management capacity is ultimately the core competency of Angels, directly tied to our ability to scale:the organization empowers case managers to empower volunteers to empower foster families to empower children. Strategy 3:Consistently message a new foster narrative:shifting from stigma and isolation, to joy and collective purpose. One of the greatest gifts that National Angels has provided us here on the Peninsula is an ethos of hope that comes through in the Angels brand and our communications.This positioning is deliberate-the foster system has a well-deserved reputation for heaviness, brokenness, and despair, but coming at the Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org problem as communities,with a mindset grounded in possibility, can be transformational.A healthy, hopeful narrative must sit at the foundation. Foster care often occurs out of public view, but by bringing it into the open and offering concrete ways of helping, we believe that almost anyone can rise up to do something to improve life for these children, particularly if such opportunities are easy to access, matched to volunteers' availability and lifestyle, and consistently rewarding. Imperatives in 2021: These strategies imply certain "must reach" milestones in the coming year, accomplishments that are critical to continued growth and impact.These include: • A fully functional system for data collection and analysis to substantiate impact and provide direction for continuous improvement of the volunteer experience. • A comprehensive three-year funding plan and accompanying donor pipeline. • A diversified governing board, more reflective of Clallam County and of the populations we serve that are disproportionately represented in the foster system (Native, POC,and current or former LGBTQ+youth). • A Clallam County launch plan and priorities for outreach,followed by active partnership development and preparations for launching community-level programming. Partnership development with Peninsula tribes will be a top priority. Core Metrics: Olympic Angels is committed to data-driven management as a way of ensuring performance,efficiency, and accountability.A set of 11 core metrics collectively serve as proxies for our strategic success and are included in Appendix A.We anticipate completion of an executive dashboard by Q3 2021 that will allow monthly reporting to key partners, donors, and our volunteer base. The National Angels' Logic Model is also presented in Appendix B. It provides a robust framework against which to measure our progress towards the desired short-term outcomes as indicated in the model, which are strong predictors of longer term outcomes regarding placement stability, normalcy, and relational permanence.We will be measuring our effectiveness through surveys sourced from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)5, a publicly available system funded by the National Institute of Health.These surveys were developed to measure changes in the areas of emotional support, instrumental support, peer/family relationships, and perceived stress.We recently sent out our first surveys and will measure changes on a biannual basis. Revenue Olympic Angels employs a relationship-based stewardship system for major donors that views them as partners,walking alongside the organization. Much like our programs, our personalized, consultative 5 https://commonfund.nih.gov/promis/index Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org approach to financial partners emphasizes the steady sharing of useful information and the authentic solicitation of feedback-a meaningful relationship built around common purpose and shared values. Most staff and board members take part in these stewardship activities as we work toward adding a Development Manager in 2022.The Fundraising Committee manages and coordinates these activities (see Governance section below). The following domains are where we see the most significant revenue opportunities in the coming three years: • Individuals-Olympic Angels revenue to date has been built largely on a strong base of community support,with over 160 unique donors to date.We will continue focusing heavily on this audience, both within our geography and nationally, as it typically provides the most flexible form of revenue with the lowest cost per dollar raised. In coordination with National Angels,we have also initiated the Angels Alliance, an ongoing campaign specific to engaging monthly donors. Please note that all Board members make financial contributions that are significant to their individual circumstances. • Foundations- Nonprofit best practice dictates that grant funding should only be relied on for growth or new programs.Thus,while not a sustainable long-term strategy, much of our growth revenue for getting Olympic Angels to scale in these first few years is targeted towards philanthropies. Unfortunately,there are precious few funders focused specifically on the North Olympic Peninsula or rural foster care innovation in general.To mitigate this,we will be fundraising aggressively throughout the Pacific Northwest region and to a degree nationally, often in partnership with other Angels chapters.To maximize our efficiency and avoid opportunity costs, we typically only apply for grants where we have a strong relationship and have determined a high probability of success. • Corporate Partnerships-Several corporate partners include donations in their overall relationship with Olympic Angels, along with employee engagement, co-marketing, and a range of other shared benefits.While we will expand corporate outreach and partnership steadily, given the limited number and scale of businesses in our area,we view corporate revenue as a limited source both currently and in the future. It will nonetheless remain an important incremental addition to our financial picture, and a key channel for volunteer recruitment and marketing. • Agency Partnerships- Public funding typically comes with significant application and reporting requirements- high administrative burdens that greatly increase the cost per dollar raised. However, our programming brings relief, leverage, community-driven capacity, and improved outcomes to State and county agencies, and agency funding has the potential to become a long- term sustainable revenue stream. It is therefore a priority for medium-to long-term funding, once our capacity is sufficient to absorb these administrative burdens. One exception to these general principles is COVID relief funding, which is often available with minimal burden, and has already been a significant part of our early fundraising success. • Impact Capital -Given the potentially massive social savings associated with improving foster care outcomes, in future years we will also explore opportunities using new forms of finance, Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend, WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org such as social impact bonds. Influence The Angels national model has been smartly built by those who came before us, with a heavy focus on high quality marketing and communications since the inception of Austin Angels nearly a decade ago. The brand is known for bringing joy and hope to foster care, but is also balanced with a clear-eyed and deliberate focus on educating volunteers, partners,donors, and supporters on deeper issues, drivers, and misconceptions.We bring the combination of these elements into everything we do and every audience we encounter. One of the distinct advantages of being part of a national network is having marketing, communications, and socialization expertise readily available,generating useful content and tactics: • Many of our marketing and communications assets are adapted from proven national templates. • Assets and tactics are shared among our peer chapters in other parts of the country. • National Angels maintains a stable of nationally renowned social media influencers that promote the network on our behalf. The common link running through our communications is that trauma is only overcome through love, consistently given. Angels uses multiple channels to bring this core message to volunteers, partners, and supporters: • Person to person -Working in small rural communities, much of our volunteer and donor growth occurs via direct outreach and word of mouth.There are never more than two degrees of separation between anyone, and we empower our enthusiastic supporters to activate their own networks.This means that our reputation is everything, and we take that responsibility extremely seriously. • Digital - Particularly given the deep well of support we receive from our national headquarters, we place intense focus on the quality and targeting of our newsletters, social media, and website. • Institutional - Foster care is an ecosystem of organizations, supports, and resources. We map, prioritize, and regularly communicate our plans to the key partners within our area, particularly the organizations and agencies directly involved in the foster system. • Comarketing- Particularly as our business and community partnerships grow, we look forward to following the precedents of other chapters, creating value for area businesses through comarketing and employee engagement. Finance Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org The growth model for executing Angels' strategic objectives is relatively straightforward, largely built around case management capacity, supported by a strong operational back end.Thus, much of the incremental yearly increases in expense in the three-year projection below are staffing related. The projection is designed to achieve the goal of 400 volunteers, as well as take the organization to full maturity. Key points to note within the projection include: • Total fees to National Angels are$4400 annually. • Case management FTE6s grow from 1.25 by the end of 2021 to 3.0 in 2023, based on an assumption of 25 cases per FTE.This is lower than the National Angels average of 30, as Olympic Angels tends to offer a more in-depth experience than most chapters. • Cumulative volunteer targets are 180 by the end of 2021, 280 by 2022,and 400 by 2023. • As we add more case managers, management and operational staffing costs will be proportionally lower in comparison to program costs. Said another way, once we have the core elements of management and operational staffing,we can add new case managers very efficiently, have a decreasing cost per volunteer recruited, and enjoy increasing benefits of scale. • While the majority of our current volunteers and families are in Jefferson County, a key goal is to achieve service population parity with Clallam County by the end of 2023 (also see Fig 2). • 2020 overhead expense percentages were as follows: o Program -95.0% o Administrative -4.0% o Fundraising- 1.0% • The significant reserves maintained in 2021 serve to soften the impacts of additional staff in 2022,ensuring reserves are never lower than—6 months expenses. 6 Full-Time Equivalent Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org Revenue 2021 2022 2023 Contributed income Individuals-Annual 95,000 142,500 213,750 Individuals-Recurring 15,000 22,500 33,750 Grants-Foundation 100,000 150,000 225,000 Grants-Agency 40,000 50,000 62,500 Corporate Gifts&Partnerships 10,000 15,000 22,500 Total Revenue 260,000 380,000 557,500 Expense Program Discretionary Dare To Dream 4,000 6,000 9,000 Love Box 4,000 6,000 9,000 Volunteer Training&Appreciation 4,000 6,000 9,000 Case Management Subtotal 12,000 18,000 27,000 Salaries,Benefits,&Emp.Taxes Management&Operations 43,917 133,355 177,730 Case Managers 56,974 135,718 173,900 Retirement Benefits Administration 1,000 1,025 Salaries subtotal 100,891 270,073 352,655 Operations Bank Charges&Fees 1,000 1,025 1,051 Chapter Support 4,400 4,510 4,623 Communications 2,000 3,333 4,222 Conferences 800 1,333 1,689 Fundraising 1,000 1,025 1,051 Insurance 3,221 3,302 3,384 Meetings 1,000 1,025 1,051 Marketing&Advertising 5,000 5,125 5,253 Mileage 2,500 4,167 5,278 Professional Development 2,000 5,600 7,093 Professional Services 30,950 6,600 6,765 Office 8,700 11,076 12,988 Subscriptions 3,500 3,588 3,677 Travel 4,800 11,520 13,824 Website 900 923 946 Operations subtotal 71,771 64,151 72,894 Total Expenses 184,662 352,224 452,549 NET(Contribution to Reserve) 75,338 : $" 27,776 . _L$'' ,1.04,951 ' TOTAL RESERVE $ 136,858 $ 164,63$_ $ 269,586 '. Team Two years in,Olympic Angels relies on the dedicated service of a highly engaged working board and advisors.This core group has activated the organization's administration,fundraising, and programming while providing strategic direction and strong financial oversight. In 2021-22, as we grow our staff capacity and mature the organization,we expect to gradually transition into more of a traditional oversight board. In making that transition, one of the ways we will ensure strong and informed board engagement is by having each member also be a program volunteer.This keeps their strategic and Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org financial oversight firmly grounded in the day to day realities of foster care and the life experience of the families we serve. A major focus as we expand westward to Sequim, Port Angeles,and the West End is the recruitment of board and staff from the communities of Clallam County. Specifically,we are dedicated to increasing the diversity and life experience of our leadership and team to better represent the Peninsula's tribes, POC, and LGBTQ+youth, and the other populations disproportionately served by our programs. Organizational Chart The chart below outlines staff growth necessary to achieve goals,with current staff in orange, additional 2021 hires in green, and future year hires in blue. xec11 fE 3 201) ,_ .rre .. 1�4R � FTE , Management&Operations 1.25 1.75 2.25 . r �3s�-"0 )y�'u ,`�! �- �i�'�(31�2C�2 ) Case Managers 1.00 2.00 2.50 Total FTE 2.25 3.75 4.75 4aa"n htti pia X �y uury � ii�a M. Hanne Stephanie Case Manager Case na Manager %FTEFTE ClallamCase Manager Ca54 Manager FTE� ��� 4040221 ,�- fiUi l(30 2023) gar Governance- Board &Advisors • President-Ian Hanna,Altruist Partners- Ian is a nonprofit management consultant focused on accelerating sustainability organizations in international conservation and natural resource management. He is a seasoned former nonprofit executive,the parent of an internationally adopted child, and a lifetime resident of western Washington. • Vice President- Rachel Perkins, Cribl.io- Rachel is a semi-retired veteran of the tech startup world with experience leading fast-growing teams and motivating communities of users. A relatively recent resident of Jefferson County, Rachel aims to leverage the resources and passion of her new local community to drive social change by improving outcomes for children in the foster care system. • Treasurer-Jan Whyte, Retired-Jan is a former social worker, having worked with foster licensing, placement, and supervision. She was also an accounting manager for San Diego Eye Bank and small business owner with husband. She has been active in several Peninsula human services and education nonprofits as a board member and financial supporter. • Secretary-Cynthia Becker, Retired-Cynthia retired from Firmenich, a global fragrance and flavor company, as Commercial Vice President where she led multifunctional teams in building Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org relationships and serving the needs of multinational body care and home care clients both in North America and globally. She moved to the Olympic Peninsula in 2018 where she has focused her energy on building relationships through youth group activities and working to enhance the lives of children in the local foster community. • Director, Child Development-Dr. Lexa Murphy, Clinical Psychologist- Lexa holds a PhD in clinical child psychology and has authored over 30 scientific papers on the influence of stress and trauma on child development.She brings a deep understanding of child trauma from her work in research, and a deep appreciation for resiliency through her work as a child psychologist.As a foster parent and Love Box recipient, she also understands the power of Olympic Angels' mission. • Director, Community Outreach -Dr. Calah Tenney, Port Townsend Chiropractic-Calah is a chiropractor and small business owner, mother, and a passionate believer in the possibility of changing the world one child at a time. Calah believes that it takes a village to raise all children, and she loves to connect like-minded people into Olympic Angels to envelop foster children in intentional community. • Director, Program-Morgan Hanna, Olympic Angels Founder- Morgan is the founder of Olympic Angels, as well as a co-founder of Foster Supports of Jefferson County, and a former guardian ad litem. Much of her motivation for this work, and her understanding for why it matters, come from parenting an internationally adopted child. Morgan brings deep respect for adoptive and foster caregivers, knowing that their sacrifices are the foundation of community health. • CASA/Guardian ad litem Advisor-Mike Mathews, Retired- Mike retired from Verizon as Director of Financial Planning&Analysis where he was in charge of service costs and business case analysis for Verizon's domestic and international operating areas. Since then he has been actively involved as a court-appointed advocate for foster children in Texas and Washington through CASA/GAL programs. Standing committees include: • Executive (I. Hanna, Perkins, Whyte, Becker) • Finance (I. Hanna,Whyte, Mathews) • Fundraising (I. Hanna, Perkins, Mathews) • Evidence-based Impact(Murphy, Mathews) Appendix - Core ris The metrics below serve as proxies for strategic success, and will be monitored monthly by the board and staff following the completion of an executive dashboard in 43 2021.This information will also be broadly shared with donors, partners, and volunteers. Note that the Stakeholder and Impact metrics relate directly to the survey work previously described and its relation to the National Angels Logic Model (Appendix B).We are measuring changes in short outcomes-emotional support, instrumental support, peer/family relationships, and perceived stress-that the programs are designed to achieve. These in turn are predictive of longer-term impacts, such as placement stability, normalcy, relational permanence, and educational achievement. Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org Financial • Fundraising cost per dollar raised o Objective: .10C • Donor retention rate o Objective: 90% • Months of cash reserve o Objective: 6-9 Stakeholder • Volunteer satisfaction' o Objective: ?4 (equivalent to "Satisfied") • Volunteer retention o Objective: 75%year on year • Foster family perceived support o Objective: Statistically determined positive change TBD Organizational • Avg dollar equivalent per LoveBox/month ($+miles+hrs, converted to $) o Objective: $1000 • Avg case load/Case Manager FTE o Objective: 25 • Mass email open rate o Objective: 40% Impact • Child perceived normalcy o Objective: Statistically determined positive change TBD • Child perceived support o Objective: Statistically determined positive change TBD 'On a five point Likert scale Olympic Angels PO Box 654, Port Townsend,WA 98368 www.olympicangels.org O C LC ` 0 O 3 C mro . 0 IJI g w a cca° roMu ro L.) c - ' .1. • 1• W.GN 0) +c�o _ v � 3iii c >� O 'C0 t" we8• >sc� • � .. •0 O F. ,N • C 66 'f N uai N a hi ai G rs I441II1ij11II ! 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Having trouble viewing this email?Click Here —HISWEKEN P H 0 I Cb1) S .sti�rxw 1 CIAO Photos from Washington, D.C. & Counties Across America VFNACo @NACoTweets VNACo @NACoTweets 6a Vie M` i "- e ' - "",` �ei .. `A t 4 ^ Aht., r k',"ax a% .*' x rr MWg9 aim,.aOr N'E69NKM flail* a t S o 1 e mot, ) „Mr 4 L --; ii,s, ', , „ f i .* 1 NACo First Vice President Larry Johnson and NACo President Gary Moore leads a national NACo Rural Action Caucus Chair Greg Puckett membership call on COVID-19 recovery, and highlight the critical county role in our nation's NACo staff outline the details of the new U.S. infrastructure during the "United for Treasury guidance and portal for direct Infrastructure" kickoff event. allocations to every county. 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Click here to unsubscribe. 4 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Sunday, May 16, 2021 8:50 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Port Townsend Psychedelic Society From: Mark Cooper Sent: Sunday, May 16, 2021 8:49:40 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: publiccomment@cityofpt.us; Greg Brotherton; Kate Dean; Heidi Eisenhour; Mark Cooper Subject: Port Townsend Psychedelic Society CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. I ask that you prioritize and take whatever steps necessary to pass the resolution on entheogenic plants and fungi presented by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society. I, like an estimated 40 million other Americans, have suffered from depression in varying degrees. I have used psilocybin microdoses as well as an occasional larger dose to mitigate the derogatory effects of depression. For myself, this has led to a more positive orientation towards life and a greater degree of openness with others. Currently, there are over 40 prestigious universities studying the positive effects of psychedelics and the results are very encouraging. I personally know people who are nearing the end of life who would like to experience the natural benefits of entheogens to help them come to terms with their deaths. The resolution has the potential to help many members of our community. I have no doubt that many entheogens will be legalized for use by the medical community. Currently, there are at least four public companies pursuing this research. My fear is that this will lead to expensive treatments like ketamine where the current price for a 1-hour treatment is between $300 and $500, well outside the reach of many who would benefit from its effects. Healing medicines should be within the reach of people who would need them. For these, and many more reasons, I hope you will support our resolution. Thank you for your time and attention to this matter. MARK COOPER 586-360-8750 Virus-free. www.avq.com i jeffbocc From: Oliver's Odyssey <susanlinderborg@gmail.com> Sent: Sunday, May 16, 2021 1:17 PM To: jeffbocc; publiccomment@cityofpt.us Subject: Supportive Comment on Entheogens CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear City Councilmembers/County Commissioners From: Suzi, Port Angeles I ask that you prioritize and bring the resolution on entheogenic plants and fungi presented by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society before council for a vote. I'd like to share a personal story of healing as supportive testimony for the responsible use of these natural medicines. During my Junior year of high school, I lost myself into the severe mental illness and addictive disorder, Bulmia. I spent my days obsessively counting my calories and vomiting up as much as I could, to the point that my nose would bleed uncontrollably. At one point the doctors told my parents that if I lost any more weight, I might not live to see another day. To say I was gravely ill, would be a drastic understatement. I spent four years trying psychotherapy, anti-depressants and support groups, but nothing seemed to help me out of the deep dark pit in which I'd fallen. Bulimia is often a lifelong illness, one that its victim is never truly able to overcome. Thankfully, in my case, I was eventually given the opportunity to participate in an entheogen ceremony that freed me from my addiction and mental illness in a single night. I couldn't tell you exactly what actual structures or chemistry shifted in my brain that evening, while under the influence of this medicine, but by the time the sun rose the next morning, my perspective on life had completely changed. In years since, I have described it as 'the switch of mental illness being turned to the off position.' After my entheogen experience, I never again participated in the calorie counting, body shaming and obsessive behavior of the disorder that stole four years of my life. Instead, I embarked on a journey of healing and realization that I continue to walk even now, almost 20 years later. Ever since my transformative experience, I have advocated for the responsible use of these substances. They truly have the power to rewire the brain and change people's lives for the better. The lessons they provide are unitive in nature, shifting perspectives and revealing the oneness and interdependence of our world. Our ailing society stands to greatly benefit from this level of understanding. 1 As for the peninsula in particular, I think these benefits would be especially valuable. The opiate and meth addiction and incidence of mental illness are a known issue for our community here. Allowing people access to therapeutic entheogen experiences, has the power to heal these addictions and support the greater good of our community through decreasing crime, violence and abuse. Port Townsend is the perfect setting for the pioneering of these programs. There is a strong community here, awake and aware of the problems we face as a people and ready to bring forth a new era where the connection between body, mind and soul is understood and used to heal. We are willing and motivated to be active participants in the creation of legal and accessible framework for a type of medicine that has personally enriched each of our lives for the better. I sincerely ask you to please support our resolution on entheogens and thank you for your attention to this matter. Humbly, Suzi 2 jeffbocc From: hank Sukert <henrysukert@gmail.com> Sent: Sunday, May 16, 2021 3:30 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Masks CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. I am part of a small restaurant in Port Townsend, with the virus we have had some very rough times . We follow all the guide lines of federal, state and local guidelines, why do we with a very low rate and I high vaccination rate fall way behind the other counties within the state. I would suggest we follow the CDC guidelines and get in step with the rest of our country. I would like an explanation of why our county feel they know more of the virus than the CDC. 1 jeffbocc From: Catherine McNabb <ptcheapskate@yahoo.com> Sent: Sunday, May 16, 2021 3:45 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Irvington Addition CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. To: Kate Dean, Heidi Eisenhour, Greg Brotherton. Hello, My name is Frank McNabb, and along with my Wife, Catherine McNabb, would like to be included in any/all discussions, proposals, etc regarding the proposed sub-division of the remainder Irvington Addition. A lot has already taken place, surveying, perk holes etc, and we want to be kept in the loop. Several months ago, I wrote the BoCC with that same request for information, but have received nothing. So, how do I resolve this? I have concerns about density, traffic, septic, dry wells and so on. Plus, the lots along and upon Mediterranean Ave (the old Cape George road alignment) Has never been vacated by Jefferson County. It doesn't seem like they should be able to put houses on an existing right-of-way. Thank you . Frank McNabb !00 Mediterranean Ave. Port Townsend, Wa. 98368 1 jeffbocc From: Andy Fischer-Price <mrfischerprice@gmail.com> Sent: Sunday, May16, 2021 7:29 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Please support decriminalization of entheogens in Jefferson County CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear City Councilmembers/County Commissioners From: Andy Fischer-Price I ask that you prioritize and bring the resolution on entheogenic plants and fungi presented by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society before council for a vote. I personally have had my life transformed through intentional psychedelic use. My partner and I struggled with an addiction to cocaine that was completely obliterated after one ayahuasca ceremony. Beyond that, psilocybin and ayahuasca have helped me heal severe childhood trauma, find forgiveness for myself and others from my past, reduce my plastic use and carbon footprint, and live with more consciousness and gratitude. Psychedelics are not "drugs" and I do not take them to "party". It's work in service of personal evolution that I treat with a sacredness and deep respect. Here in Jefferson County there are people who already understand this, who are practicing psychedelic use responsibly and who are here to offer community and support to others who are curious or less experienced. These include holistic healers, integration counselors, and regular folks like me. Keeping entheogens illegal is doing a disservice to the community. They cultivate compassion, understanding, connection to each other and nature, and the desire to be a better person. Why would we want to do anything but strive to nurture those qualities in our population? Please support the resolution on entheogens. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Gratefully, Andy Fischer-Price 1 jeffbocc From: Juan-Carlos Foust <foustjc@gmail.com> Sent: Sunday, May 16, 2021 9:59 PM To: jeffbocc; publiccomment@cityofpt.us Subject: Public comments CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. To whom it may concern,sEPysb'] I believe the city council and county commissioners should bring the issue of the resolution to defund and de facto decriminalize the use, gifting, and cultivation of entheogenic plants to a vote. Plant medicine, specifically the ceremonial use of ayahuasca, helped me recover from a crisis in 2019. And I've witnessed first-hand how plant medicine can help caregivers process the emotional strain and trauma of the work they do, especially when that work involves providing care to the unhoused. We have an opportunity in Jefferson County to responsibly integrate natural entheogenic medicines into our society in a way that maximizes their potential for healing without restricting access to the many that might benefit who might not be able to afford expensive treatment, especially in this historic moment when so many struggle to find healthy ways of coping with despair or anxiety about the future. Sincerely, Juan-Carlos Foust 1 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:03 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Join WorkSource Execs on Wednesday Morning on Coffee with Colleen From: Clallam EDC Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:02:51 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Join WorkSource Execs on Wednesday Morning on Coffee with Colleen CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. F D C CLALLAM COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Are you trying to hire? Join us Monday Morning at 8am to hear from Mike Robinson and Brandino Gibson, the Administrator and Supervisors of WorkSource for the 3 County region of Clallam, Jefferson & Kitsap: • How many job openings are there today relative to prior years? • How many people are on unemployment in Clallam County? • What are the factors preventing people from applying for jobs? • How can we target people who are looking for jobs? Please join us: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89474510306?pwd=Vl I rRH h5RG 1nYVh3V3JXRzFSM mRodz09 i Meeting ID: 894 7451 0306 Passcode: 187447 One tap mobile +12532158782„89474510306#,,,,*187447# US (Tacoma) Dial by your location +1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma) Meeting ID: 894 7451 0306 Passcode: 187447 Upcoming Guests: June 2 - Child Care Update June9 - DNR Commissioner Hillary Franz Restaurant Revitalization Fund liP it %. sba.govirestaurants Don't WAIT! The Restaurant Revitalization Fund Portal is now open and it is the most Generous of Any COVID Program: SBA has received over $65 Billion in requests and there are only $28.6 Billion in funding available so DO NOT WAIT! Do you or someone you know own a Restaurant, Bar, Winery or catering company? The Restaurant Revitalization Fund will cover up to $5M of lost revenue. The SBA is accepting applications via this >> application portal 2 Recipients are not required to repay the funding as long as funds are used for eligible uses no later than March 11, 2023. This program will provide restaurants with funding equal to their pandemic-related revenue loss up to $5 million per physical location. Who can apply Eligible entities who have experienced pandemic-related revenue loss include: • Restaurants • Food stands, food trucks, food carts • Caterers • Bars, saloons, lounges, taverns • Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars • For the following entities onsite sales to the public must comprise at least 33% of gross receipts • Bakeries • Brewpubs, tasting rooms, taprooms • Breweries and/or microbreweries • Wineries and distilleries • Inns • Licensed facilities or premises of a beverage alcohol producer where the public may taste, sample, or purchase products Download the RRF Guide Here. Are You Involved in a Nonprofit that supports the Arts, Culture, Science or whose primary mission is to serve veterans, neighborhood orgs and sports and rec programs? If so, the $10 million Nonprofit Community Relief grant program is open now for you to apply! Eligibility: • Must have 501(c)(3) status, or fiscal sponsorship by a 501(c)(3). • Must have operating budgets of at least $25,000. Full details and Frequently Asked Questions are available here. The Nonprofit Community Relief grant application portal is open now at www.artsfund.org/ncrgrants. 3 16, It is strongly recommended that interested organizations explore the website early to determine their eligibility and review application requirements and FAQs. Organizations that are led by and/or serve under-resourced communities, culturally diverse populations and underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply. Informational Webinar Today! An online information session will be held today May 11, 2021 from 2-3:00 p.m.. To attend the webinar, please register via this link. This webinar will be recorded and include automatically generated subtitles. ASL interpretation will be provided. The application portal will close May 24 and grants are expected to be awarded in early to mid-June. Working Washington 4 Grant winners have been notified by email: 11,697 businesses across the state received their award notification by email today. The grant amounts ranged from $12K to $30K minus any prior amount received through a Working Washington grant. Funds will be processed and received within 3 business days (and even sooner for most). FAQs for awardees can be found here: https://commercegrants.com/grant-4/award- recipient-faqs/. Denial notifications were also emailed. Of those denials, 190 businesses qualified for this program will be receiving a larger grant through the Washington State Dept of Agriculture's program than they would have qualified for through WWR4 and will be receiving an email from them soon. The Dept of Commerce has a technical support center for applicants calling with questions until June 30th. They can be reached at: commercegrants@submittable.com or (855) 602- 2722. ,,r,....„ , ,. k4,, Funding still available for new or increased Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL): Whether you have an existing COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) and want to apply for an increase; or are interested in applying for an initial COVID-19 EIDL, funding is available for loans up to $500,000. For more information on eligibility, use of proceeds, and loan terms, visit the SBA website. Details on EIDL Clallam County remains a HUBZone through Dec 31, 2021: The SBA issued a direct final rule extending the HUBZone map freeze from December 31, 2021, to June 30, 2023. The direct final rule (available here) takes effect on June 21, 2021. This is the latest in a series of developments for the HUBZone Program in 2021. Background: Several years ago, SBA froze the HUBZone maps until December 31, 2021, to ensure that firms would have enough time to plan after seeing how the results of the 2020 Census would impact the HUBZone maps. However, due to the pandemic, the 2020 Census results are behind schedule and SBA does not expect to have the data it needs until December 2022. Therefore, to ensure HUBZone firms have enough time to plan around the new HUBZone maps based on the 2020 Census data, SBA's direct final rule will keep the HUBZone maps "on ice" until June 30, 2023. Pushing back the anticipated "thaw" for another 1.5 years will give SBA time to incorporate the 2020 Census data into the HUBZone maps and then provide adequate notice to the HUBZone small business community. SBA's direct final rule is a welcome change for many HUBZone firms that were facing the loss of their HUBZone status at the end of this year. It is also possible that, once the HUBZone maps are updated to reflect the 2020 Census data, some areas that are currently in redesignated status could come back into the HUBZone program by the time the HUBZone maps unfreeze after June 30, 2023. Census Data Summit Schedule: May 20th, 11am Data about Race, Ethnicity and Ancestry Register Here August 10th, 11am Census Bureau Data for Migrant Workers Register Here 5 L. Save the Date: Future Data Summits May 5: Statistics in Schools (second offering) June 8: Data about Food Security June 22: Census Data for Asian/NHPI Populations June 24: Census Data for the LGBTQ Community July 13: Census Data about Persons with Disabilities and Aging Populations July 20: Accessing Community Health Needs Data for Health Care Professionals July 22: Early Childhood Census Data Sources July 29: Census Bureau Data for Emergency Management Clallam County Economic Development Council 1338 W 1st St., Suite 105, Port Angeles, WA 98362 Unsubscribe kdeanPco.jefferson.wa.us Update Profile I Constant Contact Data Notice Sent by info@clallam.org powered by Constant Contact Try email marketing for free today! 6 Julie Shannon From: Greg Brotherton Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:31 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: NEWS RELEASE -Training exercise at Naval Magazine Indian Island 05/18 Attachments: RELEASE 210517 - Security training exercise scheduled at Naval Magazine Indian Island.pdf From: Stanford, Julianne E CIV USN COMNAVREG NW BGR WA (USA) Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:24:16 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) Subject: NEWS RELEASE -Training exercise at Naval Magazine Indian Island 05/18 CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good morning, Attached and below is a news release regarding an upcoming training exercise at Naval Magazine Indian Island that is scheduled for Tuesday, May 18, 2021. For more information, please contact Naval Magazine Indian Island Public Affairs Officer Julianne Stanford at(360)-867- 8525 or her email at julianne.stanford@navy.mil. Very respectfully, Julianne Stanford Naval Magazine Indian Island Public Affairs Officer Desk: (360)-396-5393 Cell: (360)-867-8525 iulianne.stanford@navy.mil ### RELEASE# 21-0517 May 17, 2021 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SECURITY TRAINING EXERCISE SCHEDULED AT INDIAN ISLAND PORT HADLOCK, Wash., - Naval Magazine Indian Island has a training exercise scheduled for Tuesday, May 18, 2021. Training activities will include the use of blank ammunition, loud sirens and bright blue flashing lights near the Main Gate. Residents living in the communities surrounding Indian Island and installation personnel could notice increased noise levels and activities associated with the training exercise that day. Protecting personnel during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic is one of the Department of Defense's top priorities. NMII is taking prudent measures to limit COVID-19's spread,while also ensuring our people are trained and ready to fulfill our national defense mission. 1 Personnel participating in the exercise will comply with guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Department of Defense by implementing proper physical distancing when practicable and by wearing cloth masks as applicable. The Navy conducts these types of security exercises at installations across the world to ensure readiness and verify response procedures. NMII thanks the community for their continued support and understanding. For more information on this release, please contact Naval Magazine Indian Island Public Affairs Officer Julianne Stanford at 360-867-8525 or her email at julianne.stanford@navy.mil. For additional information about Naval Magazine Indian Island, please visit: https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrnw/installations/naval_magazine_indian_island.html or visit the installation's Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/NAVMAGIndianlsland. -USN- 2 w► N'. Naval Magazine Indian Island rlNewsRelease, yy RELEASE#21-0517 May 17,2021 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SECURITY TRAINING EXERCISE SCHEDULED AT INDIAN ISLAND PORT HADLOCK, Wash., -Naval Magazine Indian Island has a training exercise scheduled for Tuesday, May 18, 2021. Training activities will include the use of blank ammunition, loud sirens and bright blue flashing lights near the Main Gate. Residents living in the communities surrounding Indian Island and installation personnel could notice increased noise levels and activities associated with the training exercise that day. Protecting personnel during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic is one of the Department of Defense's top priorities.NMII is taking prudent measures to limit COVID-19's spread, while also ensuring our people are trained and ready to fulfill our national defense mission. Personnel participating in the exercise will comply with guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Department of Defense by implementing proper physical distancing when practicable and by wearing cloth masks as applicable. The Navy conducts these types of security exercises at installations across the world to ensure readiness and verify response procedures.NMII thanks the community for their continued support and understanding. For more information on this release, please contact Naval Magazine Indian Island Public Affairs Officer Julianne Stanford at 360-867-8525 or her email at iulianne.stanfordAnavy.mil. For additional information about Naval Magazine Indian Island,please visit: https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrnw/installations/naval magazine indian island.html or visit the installation's Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/NAVMAGIndianlsland. -USN- Julie Shannon From: Greg Brotherton Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 9:01 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Local 20/20 Weekly Announcements Fro m:m: Local 20/20 -. Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 9:00:32 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Greg Brotherton Subject: Local 20/20 Weekly Announcements CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. View this email in your browser Local 20/2o Weekly Announcements May 17th, 2021 1 • x ,�,n ,� �� . .-' sue, � '� <`�.0 ti: � .: ':r '� .: � y1 . ... .. � ... .::. ... .. �• .ram ' Lighthouse by Carole Huelsberg edited by Orion Armstrong COVID-19 Update-Mon, May 17th and Thurs,May loth*Updated**Online* 69efvrson Public Hecefilit The Weekly COVID-19 update with Jefferson County Public Health Officer,Dr.Thomas Locke. To watch live or recorded videos of the entire 9 a.m.Board of County Commissioners(BOCC) meeting,including the 9:45 a.m.COVID-19 update,go to the website for videos of meetings.You can choose"Streaming Live"or,if viewing later, "Recorded." You can also listen live to Dr.Locke on KPTZ or later in the KPTZ archives.For more information,you can go here.This week,in addition to the regular meeting,a special meeting will be held at 12:0o PM,including the Washington State Association of Counties in further discussion of COVID-19 and other topics.To watch or listen,follow the same instructions as written above.Additionally,the Board of Health will meet on Thursday,May loth at 2:3o PM for further discussion of COVID-19,including masking policy and vaccination plans.You can find agendas for these meetings by clicking on them where they appear in the first link above. 2 Local 20/2o Council Meeting-Wed,May 19th*Online* e monthly Local 20/2o Steering Council meeting is open to all and welcomes those interested in active 'nvolvement in Local 20/2o leadership.Newcomers are always welcome.If you'd like a virtual orientation, please email Marlow.For online meeting information,contact Cindy. 'me:4:00-6:00 PM I Location:Zoom meeting KPTZ Radio Day Port Townsend-thru Wed,May 19th KPTZ?ISM OUR FIRST DECADE 1 - 1'21Friday May 1.4th,2021 is officially KPTZ Radio Day in the City of Port Townsend.KPTZ 91.9FM is celebrating io years of community radio serving the Northeast Olympic Peninsula and beyond.The station is also planning an on-air celebration May 13th through May 1.9th when they'll be looking back on a decade of achievements and talking about what's next for the station.KPTZ makes its move to their new studios at Fort Worden's Makers Square this fall.More info here. Quimper Geology Society Presents Wildfires, Climate, and Erosion-Sat, May 22nd*Online* JEFFERSON Dr.Jennifer Pierce of the Dept.of Geology at Boise State University will present a zoom lecture on"Wildfires,Climate and Erosion in the past,present and future". Jennifer has been working � LCu V� U T -' I �I KUS 1 on these topics since graduate school and will integrate these three subjects with reference to forests of the Northern Rocky Mountains.More info here. Time:4:0o PM I Location:Zoom meeting Port Townsend Farmer's Market-Sat, May 22nd Check out the market's new Facebook page.The Farmers Market welcomes all people to come and enjoy the bounty,textures,and colors of locally grown and produced foods and arts.If you've never been to the market before,stop by the`Market Info booth'by the entrance,to get any questions answered and learn more about our Food Access programs. They accept cash,credit cards,SNAP/EBT funds,as well as Senior Farmers Market and WIC Vouchers.They are happy to show you around. Time:9:0o AM-2:00 PM I Location:Lawrence and Tyler St,Uptown Port Townsend Come Sew Bring-Your-Mending Night-Wed, May 26th*New* 3 1kcOJT\E ? Ever thought about mending and repairing your clothes yourself?Not only will it keep you in the"reduce"and"reuse"portion of the environmental three R's,you may actually have fun doing it. To help you get started and to provide a fun,social atmosphere,the Come Sew studio is offering a free bring-your-mending night from 6:3o to 8:3o the last Wednesday of every month.Questions?Call(360)344-2079 or visit the Come Sew website. Time:6:3o-8:3o PM I Location: 810 Water Street#2,Port Townsend Climate on Tap-"Taming Bigfoot—and beyond!"-Mon,Jun 7th*New* *Online* Find out what our local Taming Bigfoot teams learned in our recent carbon footprint reduction competition.We'll compare our COVID-era competition with the one held in 2016.Fascinating results!We'll take a look beyond what we can do as individuals and see how we can make a difference on a local,state,national,and global level. Each Climate on Tap is held on the first Monday of the month.It is co-sponsored by Local 20/2o Climate Action,Jefferson County Public Health,and FinnRiver Cidery.This is not a lecture series,but a book club/discussion format.For further information email Laura Tucker or call36o-379-4491. Time:7:oo-8:3o PM I Location:Zoom(link) Meeting ID:990 7467 9728 I Passcode:258957 **for security's sake,please don't share this link on public web sites.Thank you! Community Notices Local 20/2o COVID-19 Resources 12o2o.org/COVID-19/ *Online* central location for community-wide information relating to COVID-19,updated frequently.Includes Reliable Information Sources,Vaccine info,Food Sources,Community Covid-19 Resource pages,Giving ) and Getting Assistance,Community Events Online,Community Face Mask Program,and information web is osts related to COVID-19.Look in the red box at the top of the page for all the newest information. l . Job Listing-Farm Educator-Sunfield Land For Learning*New* 4 LAND FOR LEARNING EST 2003 What:The Farm Educator will help develop and deliver the school's Agricultural Arts curriculum.The position also includes the development of relevant portions of Sunfield's Summer Programming for 2022. When:July 1st Where:Port Hadlock,WA Compensation:Compensation is dependent upon experience.Shared housing is available on site.This is a full time exempt position,eligible for health,dental,vision,and life insurance,as well as paid holidays,vacation,and wellness leave. To Apply:Qualified and interested candidates,please email a letter of interest,a resume,and 3 references to hiring@ sunfieldfarm.org. Find more information about Sunfield here. Plastics Survey PT Potential is building tools to address systemic challenges to living sustainably.Their first project aims to tackle the plastic conundrum. This will include 1.cultural change,2. iti ation ofpollution,and 3.the u c clin the"vital"plastic into infrastructure for a more g P Y g < "* resilient community. � _ In the survey,they are looking for community input about what would be most appropriate = o make with the waste plastic(specifically hdpe and pp). Please take the survey. Eating Locally and Seasonally-A Cookbook Eating Locally and Seasonally fi Cnmmun(ty Eaaf Bonk Eorinyez 7s(and (an dWTI(lose WF WarumXatWel. a'"n" '�°" -'""'"'" Announcing a new book from our friends at Transition Lopez Island,Elizabeth Simpson and Henning Sehmsdorf.Eating Locally and Seasonally is a compilation of recipes using fresh ingredients grown and raised on their farm,S&S Homestead.Illustrated by local artists,it contains dozens of recipes,including basic cheesemaking,simple fermentation and preservation techniques,and a wide variety of vegetable and meat recipes.Elizabeth and Henning once again bring our focus back to the joy(and the health benefits)of eating food that can easily be grown or locally purchased in our own backyards. Softcover book available for$15 while supplies last.To order yours, contact Sonia soon! Just Soup on Tuesdays 5 On Tuesday,ii:3o-1:3o,Just Soup provides free,hot soup lunches at St.Paul's Episcopal Stf,j1N. Church,1020 Jefferson St,on the Tyler St.bus line[by the Bell Tower.]Enter the rear church parking lot on Franklin,and whether you are on foot,bike,or car,you will be in line for IS 14t, curbside pickup,with masks,gloves,and safe distancing protocols in place. Pick up a lunch for No Cost Cl"4 yourself or your neighbor in need.No questions asked. Many partners and supporters have come together to feed Port Townsend one bowl at a time. This information also appears on Local 20/2o COVID-i9 Resources Meals Page here. Times and Locations: n:3o a.m.-1:3o p.m.Tuesdays,St.Paul's Episcopal Church Emergency Text Alerts from Jefferson County elm Sign up to receive Jefferson County Department of Emergency Management's emergency alerts by text on --cr your mobile phone and/or by email. NIXLE messages provide crucial information in an emergency&are sent directly to your text-enabled device and/or email.The sign up web page also has information about other alert and warning systems,including the tsunami warning system and the WSDOT alert system. A Tool for Neighborhood Organization Nextdoor is a private social network for YOUR neighborhood.Use this link to join one of 59 r Nextdoor Neighborhoods in Jefferson County.Currently there are 12,635 subscribers,with many new members joining each day.Email Pete Hubbard with questions or comments. Calling Local Photographers! Local 20/2o Weekly Announcements invites local photographers to submit images that capture the ay 6 haracter of our community and its natural setting.For the opening photo of each weekly email,we seek ocal color,horizontal("landscape")orientation,and jpeg format.Please no children,pets or recognizable faces.Kindly send to events@ l2o2o.org. Please include your name in the jpeg filename. e are an all-volunteer non-profit,so compensation for your talent and generosity is a photo credit and our profound thanks. Resilience Readings Do you have readings,podcasts or videos to share that are aligned with our Local 20/2o mission? Please submit them here for consideration. Local 20/2o Leader Column on the Community Vision Report 6 is month's Local 20/2o Leader Column by Cindy Jayne highlights some of the key takeaways from Local 20/2o's Community Vision report.Concerns about the economy and housing were common themes,as well as a great appreciation for the strength of our communities.And the visions for the future were inspiring to read-more diverse employment and community, building expertise in agricultural and forestry solutions to climate change,and more. Read the full article here, and/or go directly to the vision report. Local 20 20 Kin: Tide Monitoring Featured in Video -41111 Li ,... Ian Miller,Coastal Hazards Specialist,Washington Sea Grant,highlights unique findings of Local 20/2o volunteers monitoring King Tides in this video.As an aide to visualize potential localized effects of Sea Level Rise,Washington Sea Grant archives shoreline photos taken by volunteers during predicted King Tide events. Supported by Local 20/20,a local group photo-documenting King Tides noticed water levels could be appreciably different from the predicted tide elevations and the level measured at the local tide gauge.With the guidance of Dr Miller,the team was able to measure water levels at a selected site and collect concurrent weather data in an effort to quantify and explain these differences.This type of documentation is rare in Puget Sound and may lead to improvements in coastal flood mapping and prediction. Wei: in: in on the Transit Long Range Plan gar a is month's Local 20/2o Leader Column by Dave Thielk reviewed some of the work that members of Local 20/2o's T Lab transportation action group are working on. Drawing on the Jefferson County 2018 Inventory of Greenhouse Emissions as well as the modeling work done for the Climate Action Committee,T Lab is using data to on demonstrate the links between increase ridership and carbon reducti in Jefferson County. Jefferson Transit is currently gathering input for their Long Range Plan and TLAB is encouraging citizens to weigh in on including carbon reduction considerations in the plan. Four Changes by Gary Snyder a•.,, s^� �o vsovo=, ca.n Po," uy uuu�� 1VlINfIII11Ei1116l4 '1II �il''IGlli�ll�.11ill14a�lLlll�l(dli` �� }`f .r.� ��. � ust yesterday and for the first time I heard apoem written 5o years ago by Gary Snyder.Its message is just as prescient now and even more pertinent to the situation humanity is in today.Discovering such a gem as this is bittersweet.Certainly it lifts the spirit but one can't help but wonder"what if'humanity had not squandered the past five decades and had turned away from its headlong rush towards extinction.As we face an anthropogenic collapse of our ecosystem and reconsider our place in nature,we hear words from half a century earlier, "Revolutionary consciousness is to be found among the most ruthlessly exploited classes:animals,trees,water,air,grasses." Snyder outlines our position,situation,goals and practical actions in four areas. i)Population: the population in 197o was less than half what it is today,and suggests the carrying capacity was half or less of that.2)Pollution:atmospheric CO2 was 325 ppm in 197o and is 414 now.3) Consumption,and 4)Transformation. Please hear the wisdom of Gary Snyder here. COVID-19, Carbon And Bicycles 'The March column for Local 20/2o's Resilience Review in The Port Townsend Leader is from Sonja R q. Hammar, a member of the Local 20/2o Steering Council.Starting with some COVID-i9 impacts on 'transportation,she shares how these drove her to buy an electric bike and why other locals have "''chosen to do so as well. Local 2o/20 Mission Working together toward local sustainability and resilience- integrating ecology, economy and community through action and education. 8 Climate , Local Action 11. E3ernd 11•1 Initiatives 41111.01git, Waste Apts Energy iiieltat, -117,,firoa Action AVar.t.trikt*A40.,..„:1 Economic 10,LocaiizaIon Transport-wiliapy +IP* ation Lab 110,47A1 0 07—"..t....weA wed* 0m\ jt.ApAL00 Local Food Next? ilfalkto, ,dpiraw jegralikviravOt Health& 4,17,1*;:imirei*„. Wellness *dor Resiliency fril Education of Heart it Emergency Preparedness Action Groups are where we do most of our work. Each is focused on an interrelated aspect of sustainability.Visit L2020.org to learn what the different action groups are working on. Want to submit an announcement? We welcome notices of events,calls for participation and other items of interest. Local 20/2o Announcements goes out every Monday morning.Please submit the following in paragraph form: Subject or event.Brief description.Day,date,time.Venue address.Contact information.Web links.Include a logo or a photo in jpeg format. See existing announcements for examples —no bullets,colored fonts,etc.,plain text is best. Email to events@L2o2o.org by 8 p.m.Saturday. We post announcements aligned with Local 20/2o's mission and of interest to our community.Note that we don't post on line petitions,pleas to contact legislators,or gofundme type items.Local 20/2o reserves the right to edit or reject submissions.If you have questions or concerns,please email us at events@l2o2o.org. The posting of any specific event does not in itself endorse the organization or the event. We reserve the right to edit or reject submissions considered inappropriate or inconsistent to our mission statement. Consider forwarding Local 20/2o Announcements to a friend. New subscribers can sign up here. 14,0 9 Copyright©2020 by Local 20/20 All rights reserved. Our mailing address is: 1240 W. Sims Way#12, Port Townsend,WA 98368 Want to change how you receive these emails? You can update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list. This email was sent to GBrotherton a(�.co.iefferson.wa.us why did I get this? unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences Local 20/20 • 1240 W. Sims Way#12 • Port Townsend,Wa 98368 • USA • mailchimp i0 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 9:05 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Share Availability- Hood Canal Bridge Management Cmte. Meeting From: Lucas Hall Sent: Thursday, May 13, 2021 3:48:17 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) Cc: Iris Kemp Subject: Share Availability - Hood Canal Bridge Management Cmte. Meeting CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Management Committee Members and Interested Parties, Please share your availability HERE by May 21 (Friday)for a 90min remote meeting near the end of June. Thanks to the hard work of many, $3.6 million for fish passage at the Hood Canal Bridge was included in the State's biennial budget.The Assessment Team and our engineers are working to refine designs, finalize assessment plans, and secure additional funding. During this meeting,we will review relevant details regarding the design, operations, and assessment of fish passage devices to be deployed at the bridge, as well as other potential phase 2 components. Best, Lucas (I am out of the office until 5/24. Please direct urgent questions to Iris Kemp ikemp@Iltk.org.) Lucas Hall l Senior Project Manager 206-382-9555 ext. 30 I Linkedln Long Live the Kings l 1326 5th Ave.Ste. 450 l Seattle, WA 98101 Restoring wild salmon and steelhead I Supporting sustainable fishing in the Pacific Northwest 1 jeffbocc From: Gary Zwissler <gary.zwissler@yahoo.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:56 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Proposed High-Density Development CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Jefferson County Commissioners, I am writing to apprise you of local residents'objections to two proposed developments in our neighborhoods by Cape George Land Company, LLC. The first development involves the Salem Addition off Gun Club Rd. There are currently eight parcels, comprising —11 acres, that are for sale. In accordance with the Washington State Growth Management Act the zoning for these parcels is RR5. Under that zoning a maximum of two homes could be constructed after boundary line adjustments. However, the prospective buyers are proposing developing a high-density housing development using the 50x100' lots that are part of the original Salem Addition subdivision plat. It has been stated that up to 80 houses could be built on these eight parcels comprising —11 acres. Recently obtained information on the soils and other environmental issues indicate that such a development may be limited to —24 to 32 homes. Either situation is untenable for the owners of the neighboring parcels (listed below) as we have long understood that any future development would occur under the existing RR5 zoning. Parcel for Sale Adjacent Parcel (owner) 992 200 101 963 303 8012 (Gary and Becky Zwissler) 992 200 401 001 171 021 (Paul Austin, Alyssa Corra) 992 200 501 001 171 023 (Michael Kunz, Cynthia Kunz) 001 171 016 (Ricky Deitch, Sharon Deitch) 992 200 601 001 171 016 (Ricky Deitch, Sharon Deitch) 001 171 026 (Diane Di Prete) 992 200 701 001 171 026 (Diane Di Prete) 001 171 018 (Kim McCary) 992 200 801 001 171 018 (Kim McCary) 001 171 011 (Gary and Becky Zwissler) We the owners of the adjacent parcels do not object to developing these parcels per the existing zoning. We do however strongly object to any project that increases housing density beyond current zoning. Such development could add up to 80 families to an area that currently has three, and fundamentally and forever change the rural lifestyle desired and enjoyed by current residents. Environmental damage may be expected from the 10 to 30-fold increase in septic system discharges and the disruption of the area's forest and wetland ecosystems (including eagle roosting sites) as a result of the increased human presence and vehicular traffic. The second proposed development by Cape George Land Company, LLC involves the Irvington Addition along Nelsons Landing Road. This project will add —70 families to an area that currently has less than 10. Additionally, Nelsons Landing Road is a usage road that is not meant for, nor can it accommodate, the level of vehicular traffic that would result from this development. The safe ingress and egress of such increased traffic is a great concern. Additionally the negative impact of this development extends to the entire Port Townsend community as the Larry Scott Trail would run through this project. i The citizens affected by these two projects have organized to strenuously object to the damage they would do to our lifestyles, neighborhoods, and environment. We hope you will listen to your constituents and support our efforts to ensure future development is done in accordance with current zoning rather than exception thereto, or antiquated plats. Gary Zwissler Sent from Mail for Windows 10 2 jeffbocc From: Lola Oduyeru <loduyeru@americanprogress.org> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:58 AM To: jeffbocc Cc: jparshall@americanprogress.org Subject: Weekly Help Is Here Roundup (5/17) CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Greetings Commissioner Sullivan, This week's"Help Is Here" press release can be found below. It highlights federal, state, and local officials who are sharing stories on social media related to the implementation of the American Rescue Plan. If you use the hashtag #HelpisHere, CAP can amplify your story in future press releases. Please feel free to send your social media posts or other ways that your office plans to use American Rescue Plan funding directly to me at loduyeru@americanprogress.org or Jerry Parshall at jparshall@americanprogress.org. Previous roundups can be found here. Thank you, Lola Oduyeru (she/her/hers) Manager, State and Local Government Affairs Center for American Progress and Center for American Progress Action Fund www.americanprogress.org x 0 it For Immediate Release May 17, 2021 Contact Zahir Rasheed zrasheed.af@americanprogressaction.org Help Is Here Roundup: Federal, State, and Local Officials Hail Distribution of American Rescue Plan Funding Read this on our medium page here. Washington, D.C.— Last week,the US Treasury started distributing the$350 billion announced to State and Local governments to help provide critical relief to localities struggling under the coronavirus pandemic. Officials also praised $36 billion in American Rescue Plan funds made available by the Department of Education to support struggling students and institutions impacted by the pandemic. See more examples below of how the American Rescue Plan is providing tangible benefits to localities everywhere: HELP IS HERE STATE AND LOCAL STORIES: AZ:Arizona community colleges, universities and students to receive$471M in emergency funding. [KVOA, 05/11/2021] MA:Several area colleges receive emergency grant funding for students in need. "Schools in the region will receive nearly$90 million in emergency funding as part of the American Rescue Plan.Western Mass News spoke with two 1 1 local universities on how they plan to use the money. Schools receiving this funding will divide the money between helping students directly and allocating funds to the university as a whole." [Western Mass News,05/12/2021] ME: King Celebrates Nearly$1.5 Billion in American Rescue Plan Funds Coming to Maine's State,County,and Local Governments. [King.Senate,05/12/2021] MI: Dingell Applauds$7 Billion American Rescue Plan Investment in Public Health Workers. [DebbieDingell.House, 05/13/2021] NH:State outlines program to test for COVID-19 in schools,overnight camps. [NH Union Leader,05/11/2021] NJ: N.J.getting$10.2B in stimulus aid. Here's how much each county(and 4 dozen towns)will get. [NJ.com, 05/11/2021] OH:Ohio to get$12 billion from American Rescue Plan. Here's how much your city and county would get. [Newark Advocate,05/11/2021] OH: Congresswoman Beatty Heralds Huge$188 Million+for Central Ohio Colleges, Universities,and Students. [Beatty.House,05/13/2021] TX:Congressman Vela Announces$184M for South Texas Colleges, Universities, and Students. [Vela.House, 05/13/2021] TX: Federal government sends$15B to Texas for economic recovery. Here's where it will go. [San Antonio Express News,05/10/2021] VA: Over$790M in rescue-plan funds heading to cities,counties and colleges in Hampton Roads. [The Virginian Pilot, 05/11/2021] WA:Jayapal Announces More Than$171 Million for Seattle-Area Colleges, Universities, and Students. [Jayapal.House, 05/12/2021] WA: Covid relief funds announced for Western Washington schools. [Pudget Sound Business Journal,05/11/2021] WV: Mike Caputo:American Rescue Plan carries hope for rural health care. [Charleston Gazette-Mail,05/08/2021] HELP IS HERE STATE AND LOCAL SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS: Los Angeles City Council,CA: https://www.facebook.com/Counci lmemberMitchOFarrell/posts/1837358756444159 CO Senate: https://twitter.com/ioanngi nal/status/1392913785543819266 Cheshire Town City Council, CT: https://twitter.com/JimJinksCT/status/1393017660254863360 Hillsborough County Commission, FL: https://www.facebook.com/kovermanhcfl/posts/4577069348986986 FL House: https://twitter.com/AnnaForFlorida/status/1392852242605170688 https://twitter.com/AnnaForFlorida/status/1392181889356738562 DeKalb County Board of Commissioners,GA(retweet): 2 https://twitter.com/CommissionerSRB/status/1392885589008175107 KS House: https://www.facebook.com/PamCurtisKCK/posts/3959326387437727 MA Senate: https://www.facebook.com/se natorjoh njcron i n/posts/170269485011719 ME Senate: C https://www.facebook.com/TreyStewartMai ne/posts/3765673103541843 Councilmember,Ann Arbor MI: x k- https://twitter.com/TravisRadina/status/1391825967337857026 Washtenaw County Commission, MI: https://twitter.com/JasonMorganA2/status/1391847492292071424 NH House(retweet): https://twitter.com/alexissimpsonnhistatus/1393018424230559752 NY Assembly: https://www.facebook.com/Assem blywoma n Buttenschon/posts/783769152329932 Newark City Council,OH: 0 https://www.facebook.com/jeremyblake0H/posts/4230094517013896 Oklahoma County Commission, OK: https://twitter.com/CarrieBlumert/status/1392178430750322688 OR House: https://twitter.com/jasonforbend/status/1390745036589998083 PA Senate: 3 https://twitter.com/senatorhughes/status/1392798154525925379 https://www.facebook.com/SenatorJohnKane/posts/205647644731711 https://twitter.com/pasenatedems/status/1392842068674895876 0 C.. https://www.facebook.com/Se natorTi naTa rtagl ione/posts/4359739574058425 Houston City Council,TX(retweet): 0 https://twitter.com/salliealcorn/status/1392135522043056129 VA House: x https://twitter.com/joshuacole/status/1392164218405806086 WV House: https://twitter.com/kaylayoungforwv/status/1392857189568720897 Federal Officials: AZ-01: https://www.facebook.com/repohalleran/posts/5418551288217505 CA-34: t https://www.facebook.com/RepJimmyGomeaposts/958203404722559 CA-35: 0 https://www.facebook.com/RepNormaTorres/posts/4267506633274229 CA-44: https://www.face book.com/Congresswoma n Ba rraga n/posts/2328831593914585 MD-05: 0 t. https://twitter.com/LeaderHoyer/status/1392930735909126149 MI-05: 4 https://www.facebook.com/RepDanKildee/posts/5595429543832990 MI-12: Li Ej https://www.facebook.com/Rep Debbi a Di ngell/posts/3675810965857084 FL-22: https://www.facebook.com/Congressma nTed Deutch/posts/4305789649455845 US Senate, GA: t haps://twitter.com/SenOssoff/status/1392860957219622912 L-03: https://twitter.com/repmarienewman/status/1392891074096640000 I L-06: https://www.facebook.com/RepSeanCasten/posts/1645816992274040 IL-08: X https://www.face book.com/Congressma n Raja/posts/2932943760284551 NJ-01: 0 https://www.facebook.com/DonaldNorcrossNJ/posts/10158559744184132 NY-18: https://twitter.com/repseanmaloney/status/1392917648481132545 US Senate, OH: 0 https://www.facebook.com/SenSherrodBrown/posts/1178652595893332 PA-18: https://twitter.com/USRepMikeDoyle/statu s/1392836485733359620 TX-15: 5 https://www.facebook.com/RepV ice nteG onzalez/posts/2869632033255059 TX-35: Li c https://www.face book.com/RepLloyd Doggett/posts/10158625156573705 VA-02: https://www.facebook.com/Ela i neforCongress/posts/843729519547124 For more information or to speak with an expert, please contact Zahir Rasheed at zrasheed.af@americanprogressaction.org. ### The Center for American Progress Action Fund is the sister advocacy organization of the Center for American Progress. The Action Fund transforms progressive ideas into policy through rapid response communications, legislative action, grassroots organizing and advocacy, and partnerships with other progressive leaders throughout the country and the world. The Action Fund is also the home of the Progress Report. If you would rather not receive future communications from Center for American Progress, let us know by clicking here. Center for American Progress, 1333 H St NW FL 10, Washington, DC 20005 United States Unsubscribe 6 RECEIVED. MAY 1 7 2021 �pSHIN GTp� DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES JEFFERSO N COUNTY OLYMPIC REGION COMISSIONER 411 TILLICUM LANE "'M S FORKS WA 98331 �2 `` 360.374.2800 rGF NATUO'N- OLYMPIC.REGION©DNR.NJA.GOV WWW.DNR.WA.GOV May 12, 2021 Subject: Road Closure on the H-1009 Road. Dear Landowner: The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has a road construction project on the H-1009 Road at milepost 1.7 that is scheduled for July 1, 2021—September 30, 2021. It is estimated that the project will take approximately 1 week to complete.The project will remove the existing culvert crossing at Washout Creek,which has been identified as a barrier to fish passage.This culvert will not be replaced. The road can still be accessed by using the H-1009 Tie Road,and the H-1009 road entrance located at milepost 6.4 of the H-1000. If you would like to receive email updates to the construction schedule, send your email contact information to alexander.hoveln@dnr.wa.gov. Construction schedule updates will be sent via email as they become available.Signs will be posted at the access to the H-1009 Road and at the H-1009 Tie Road during the removal process. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause to you. If you have any questions concerning the construction project, please contact me at(360) 640-3790 or alexander.hoveln@dnr.wa.gov. Please direct all other questions to the DNR Olympic Region Office at(360) 374-2800. Sincerely, Alex Hoveln Project Engineer Attachments(1) z < a) co C 8 c a) K 3 )[ I i- eoz, ity co1 °�� / Nv M o0 co I\ z w �� o FR-H-1068 Q ,r rn 0 0 n 00 2 C. RS o 0 ti m o a NO co L o 2, v4 ; o , co 0 13 o � u_ r h 2 I h 0) rn 1 6' �/ O p So O I o o o o r z•P906-H-ad u- 1 a) to To > o I � o ` S. 1•p.90L_weld �o LL 0 goo > o o < 3 ' y OI cc 0 0 0 ro VI 0 zCO O 0 0 z 1 0 RECEIVED . , O n o z z co N t1 (,, m m r. MAY 17 2021 0 z co JEFFIERS®N COUNTY. COMMISSIONERS i IVifY'IJS NERS —rn cow -<-I NODD `Z H H r N a►-1 = z z.4 0X - z 0= Z z0 0M O a CO m z o z ttt Er) N Z t)2 Z tt C Ct (m/) I-1 0/) H a Z "1 � Z m D 0 n) z m 73 m H v •Z r E o H~ H a v �Z A 0 -0 00 CO40 H1333 0 Z� D Z IVD mm 0 D z oD z "n m D D w � co w Zr N C) w m z OC 0 w xi m NZ D i O < v CoCO wO H i-11 H H C_ C rn z m -n m oD H 1- Z —Im c rn tti m C (I) •• H 0 0 r4 al 0 0) N 0 N ro a m 0 0 M CO z N O r co H O 0i ( N MQIV 7 2021 m 1.4 JEFFE�� rn '11�N COUNTY Z C® SON m R$ —rn C,0) -<—I NO3 `m zrz �`Hr � " H a M = co 02 O= z vrn 0 En 0 d C „"I O - (n z Z1-1 )V/� c rnz --I D m = rn 0 -z I- D H�"� 1-4a o 70 z A C m -DI O O w z� D z v� v m MI D z Oa z rnm D D. 0° Cl) co `" r zr 0 N CO co IJI m0 z OC Y m 1 rn 73 CO IV_1 v 0 XI1� o w O zz rn H I ' tl L za rn >H -n ro rn M M rn O z -D = H 53 coo H CO M H 0 D M 0 m Z -I CO 0 rn m CD O al O O N O N 1 HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Eric Twelker <twelker.eric@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 7:25 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Re: Cell tower at fairgrounds CAUTION:This email originated from outsid e your organiza tion. Exercise se caution whe n opening g attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. Dear Commissioners The agenda item for this(scheduled today)gives no location for the Verizon cell tower. The fairgrounds is about 33 acres and different tower locations within that area would impact different property owners and even neighborhoods. There is no effective way for the public to comment on this. This needs to be rescheduled and considered once a location has been released to the public. Eric Twelker 303 47th Street i HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Summer martell <summermartell@hotmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:30 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Request for consideration re:animal codes that may impact equines Attachments: Recommended changes to draft Jefferson County Animal Control and Parks ordinances.docx;ATT00001.htm CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization.Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good day, Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the considerations for revised animal codes. Specifically any revisions that may affect equestrians. I have been a lifelong resident of Jefferson County,and a homeowner for 16 years in my home that's located on the southern portion of the Larry Scott Trail. I have also been a lifelong equestrian and am a member of the Buckhorn Range chapter of Backcountry Horsemen. Myself and the equestrian community are concerned with revised animal codes that may reclassify equines(horses,donkeys, ponies, mules),from their existing designation as livestock,to domestic animals. The reclassification would impose unrealistic protocol; namely,that manure be collected, bagged and removed. Logistically,this would be challenging,or impossible for equestrians,and potentially quite dangerous. If such rules were implemented,equestrians would be effectively eliminated from trails due to their inability to comply. Equestrians are a significant and vital part of the community;they pay taxes,spend money in the community,and contribute to the rural aspect that is so attractive to the area. -Backcountry horsemen volunteers contribute hundreds ofhours annually installing, maintaining,and improving multi agency trails;city,county,State and Federal. Local equestrian outreach and equine sports facilitate significant life changing, positive experiences: 4 H youth programs,therapy for the disabled and veterans,and riding lessons offered by local instructors for youth and adults. Equestrians are members of search and rescue and law enforcement. Revised animal coding that would impose regulations that would effectively eliminate equestrians could be interpreted as the targeting of a viable segment of the community with the intent to exclude. As an equestrian who has lived and ridden on the local trails for decades, I can attest that our multi use shared trails work,and are working better than ever.There is a sense of shared community on the trails,of which equines play a large part,and add to the rural charm.The Larry Scott Trail, in spite of a significant increase of usage by all, including equestrians, rarely sees manure on its surface. Riders that are physically able to dismount/mount will sweep the manure off trail surface where it then rapidly breaks i 1HEARING COMMENT1 down,composts,and lends nutrients to the native plants. Many riders have also taught their animals to move off the trail surface to relieve themselves. As a member of the community and as an equestrian, I strongly urge the commission to revise animal coding that supports and includes equestrians. I've attached a model of recommended changes that would do just that: 2 HEARING COMMENT Recommended changes to draft ordinances (Animal Control and Parks): #1 Change the definition of"Domestic Animal"for both the Animal Control and Parks Ordinances to be the same as in the Clallam County ordinances. "Domestic animal" means an animal, such as any dog, cat, rabbit, bird, or other animal normally kept as a pet. #2 Add the definition of Horse to both ordinances in order to include mules and donkeys (similar to Clallam Co definition). "Horse" means a domesticated Equine, bred in a great many varieties, and includes other animals such as mules, ponies, and donkeys. #3 Remove "domestic" from the definition of Livestock in the Animal Control ordinance, and add the definition of Livestock to the Parks Ordinance. "Livestock" means horses, mules, donkeys, cattle, sheep, llamas, alpacas, goats, swine, poultry, and rabbits, or other such domestic animals kept or raised for use or pleasure. Recommended changes to Parks Ordinance: 12.25.190 Animals. 1) Compliance with the applicable provisions of Chapter 6.07 JCC (Animal Control) in parks is required. If there are any inconsistencies between this chapter and Chapter 6.07 JCC, then the most stringent provision shall control. 2) Domestic animals and horses may be allowed in parks by the Director. No animals besides domestic or service animals of and horses/ponicc are allowed to be brought into the parks. 3) All domestic or service animals must be kept on a leash of eight feet or less in length except when under voice control of a mounted horseback rider, and under control of the owner or owner's designee at all times while in a park. 4) Domestic animals are not permitted on any designated swimming beach in any park; provided, that this subsection shall not apply to service animals actively working. 5) No person shall allow their domestic or service animal to bite or in any way molest or annoy other park visitors. No person shall permit their domestic or service animal to bark or otherwise disturb the peace and tranquility of the park. [Ord. 4-73 § 5] 6) The owner of a domestic animal is directly responsible for the behavior of the animal and shall not allow the animal to create a nuisance to other park users or deface park lands. 7) On park lands, domestic animal owners must pick up solid bodily waste from their animal and dispose of it in garbage receptacles provided in the park or take it with them when they leave the park. 12.25.200 Horseback riding. 1) Horses shall not be permitted in any designated swimming area, campground, picnic area, or any other area so designated or posted in a park. 2) No person shall ride any horse of-pony in such a manner in a park that might endanger life or limb of any person or animal, and no person shall allow a horse or pony to stand unattended or insecurely tied in a park. [Ord. 4-73 § 6] jeffbocc From: Kalyn Marab <kalyn.marab@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:42 AM To: jeffbocc; publiccomment@cityofpt.us Subject: PTPS Attachments: PTPS letter.docx CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear City Councilmembers/County Commissioners From: Kalyn Marab, Quilcene I ask that you prioritize and bring the resolution on entheogenic plants and fungi presented by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society before council for a vote. As a young person I struggled with many of the influences of our culture, and in an attempt to digest the confusion, or to make an attempt to fit within it all I developed an eating disorder. Not yet even a teenager I developed a coping mechanism that followed me for over a decade. Like so many paths of self-destruction, I knew so well in my head that I was harming myself, and that I needed to stop.That it could not go on any longer. Months could pass with me staving off any attempts, and then I would fall back in again. At this point in my mid-twenties, after years of therapy, meditation retreats, and failed attempts to fully heal myself, a friend suggested a weeklong Ayahuasca retreat.This particular tradition included dieting a North American Tree, and the week I chose was dieting Western Red Cedar, along with 5 Ayahuasca ceremonies.The opportunity to take such a powerful medicine, alongside a friend (cedar) and drop into a ceremonial week like this,without traveling to the Amazon jungle, allowed me to arrive ready. Feeling settled, and safe and prepared to stay open for whatever work was to come.As well as the opportunity to step back into my life as I integrated the experience.The retreat was incredibly powerful, and one of the most challenging experiences of my life. So much doubt and pain, and darkness rising to the surface over the first few days left me feeling all the weight of the depression I had been suppressing with an eating disorder. It was at my 3rd ceremony, I was able to finally break through all of the broken pieces of myself. I had been told from therapists that Bulimia was a life-long sentence,that my best attempts would be to control it.Though, being fully free was what I wanted, and what Ayahuasca helped me to realize.The years of knowing in my head,was making me top heavy, and riddled with guilt and shame.The knowing throughout every cell,the knowing that only can come through a lived experience Is what the plant medicine helped me to do. I threw up one time,when I released the burden t I'd been carrying for most my life. I have sat in many ceremonies since then and have never thrown up again, I have never turned back to my eating disorder, and not had any desire to. I laugh and cry and deepen into my authentic self each time I sit with plants,either ayahuasca or mushrooms. Letting go, learning and healing. Our modern world is incredibly hard to navigate, as we go along we internalize story lines,and ways of being that can work like a crutch.These coping mechanisms get us through a period of time, and then begin to get in our way.This may be drinking to ease the awkwardness of social gatherings, or the pain of losing a loved one, or binge eating to mute the feeling of loneliness.At a point these crutches feel necessary, like we need them to stay alive, but then we yearn to wipe the slate clean, to separate who we are from what we do. Entheogens can help us do this.And in doing so they help us choose our highest forms of expression,and it spreads outward to our communities.Whatever people reach for there are consequences, and wounds, and the eventual necessity to heal and release these ways of being.We are all so very human, and anyone who desires to grow and heal with the encouragement of plant medicine should have the right to do so. The Port Townsend Psychedelic Society believes in honoring this right, to support the use of plant medicines in the context of what we choose. Developing ritual and ceremony that honors who and where we are in this crazy beautiful world. Not for profit, but for progress.The community of East Jefferson County could be an incredible example of a place that values the spiritual progress of an individual. It may seem like just words to decriminalize and de-stigmatize entheogenic plants, because the plants are here doing their work already. Though choosing to allow these practices to happen legally will open it up as a resource for so many in need,that are not willing to pursue something for fear of breaking a law. For the future of our community, and the natural world we get to be a part of, I hope you consider supporting this resolution on entheogens. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Sincerely, Kalyn Marab 1 Dear City Councilmembers/County Commissioners From: Kalyn Marab, Quilcene I ask that you prioritize and bring the resolution on entheogenic plants and fungi presented by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society before council for a vote. As a young person I struggled with many of the influences of our culture, and in an attempt to digest the confusion,or to make an attempt to fit within it all I developed an eating disorder. Not yet even a teenager I developed a coping mechanism that followed me for over a decade. Like so many paths of self-destruction, I knew so well in my head that I was harming myself, and that I needed to stop.That it could not go on any longer. Months could pass with me staving off any attempts, and then I would fall back in again.At this point in my mid-twenties, after years of therapy, meditation retreats, and failed attempts to fully heal myself, a friend suggested a weeklong Ayahuasca retreat.This particular tradition included dieting a North American Tree,and the week I chose was dieting Western Red Cedar,along with 5 Ayahuasca ceremonies.The opportunity to take such a powerful medicine, alongside a friend (cedar)and drop into a ceremonial week like this,without traveling to the Amazon jungle,allowed me to arrive ready. Feeling settled,and safe and prepared to stay open for whatever work was to come.As well as the opportunity to step back into my life as I integrated the experience.The retreat was incredibly powerful, and one of the most challenging experiences of my life. So much doubt and pain, and darkness rising to the surface over the first few days left me feeling all the weight of the depression I had been suppressing with an eating disorder. It was at my 3rd ceremony, I was able to finally break through all of the broken pieces of myself. I had been told from therapists that Bulimia was a life-long sentence, that my best attempts would be to control it. Though, being fully free was what I wanted, and what Ayahuasca helped me to realize.The years of knowing in my head,was making me top heavy, and riddled with guilt and shame.The knowing throughout every cell,the knowing that only can come through a lived experience Is what the plant medicine helped me to do. I threw up one time,when I released the burden t I'd been carrying for most my life. I have sat in many ceremonies since then and have never thrown up again, I have never turned back to my eating disorder, and not had any desire to. I laugh and cry and deepen into my authentic self each time I sit with plants, either ayahuasca or mushrooms. Letting go, learning and healing. Our modern world is incredibly hard to navigate, as we go along we internalize story lines, and ways of being that can work like a crutch.These coping mechanisms get us through a period of time, and then begin to get in our way.This may be drinking to ease the awkwardness of social gatherings, or the pain of losing a loved one, or binge eating to mute the feeling of loneliness.At a point these crutches feel necessary, like we need them to stay alive, but then we yearn to wipe the slate clean, to separate who we are from what we do. Entheogens can help us do this.And in doing so they help us choose our highest forms of expression, and it spreads outward to our communities.Whatever people reach for there are consequences, and wounds, and the eventual necessity to heal and release these ways of being.We are all so very human, and anyone who desires to grow and heal with the encouragement of plant medicine should have the right to do so. The Port Townsend Psychedelic Society believes in honoring this right,to support the use of plant medicines in the context of what we choose. Developing ritual and ceremony that honors who and where we are in this crazy beautiful world. Not for profit, but for progress.The community of East Jefferson County could be an incredible example of a place that values the spiritual progress of an individual. It may seem like just words to decriminalize and de-stigmatize entheogenic plants, because the plants are here doing their work already.Though choosing to allow these practices to happen legally will open it up as a resource for so many in need,that are not willing to pursue something for fear of breaking a law. For the future of our community, and the natural world we get to be a part of, I hope you consider supporting this resolution on entheogens. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Sincerely, Kalyn Marab HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Summer martell <summermartell@hotmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 8:46 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Petition to keep Jefferson county equestrian friendly CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good day, The following link is to a petition requesting that Jefferson county support equestrians and reject animal codes that would render trails unusual to equines. There are 1200 signatures and hundreds of comments. Thank you, Summer Martell https://www.i petitions.com/petition/keep-iefferson-county-trai Is-equestrian- friendly?utm source=facebook&utm medium=social&utm campaign=lost password change&loc=view-petition 1 1.FIEARING COMMENT! SIGN IN JOIN CONTRIBUTE SUOMI&11I 352 Keep Jefferson County trails equestrian friendly 1197 signers.Add your name now! �!► 1197 signers.Almost there! 95% Linda Spurlock signed recently sharon williams signed recently Historically, Jefferson County multi use trails that include equestrians have proven high workability, integrating equines with other users safely, and with responsible riders clearing manure off trail surfaces.Although trail usage has increased over the years, (particularly on the Larry Scott and Olympic Discovery Trail)including equestrian usage„ the manure on the trails has markedly decreased due to awareness and education of equestrians,and there have been no reported safety incidents, due in large part to the awareness and education of all trail users via effective signage. These multi use trails are models of workability and often looked to as shining examples by other trail development committees in other counties who desire to include equestrians on their multi use trails. As supporters of multi use trails in Jefferson County that include equestrians,we the undersigned, request that consideration of Codes that would impact the usability and safety of equestrians be rejected by the County Commissioners. In particular: -Reclassification of equines from"livestock"to"pets" -Requiring equestrians to collect, bag, and remove manure -Requiring equestrian's dogs be leashed Adopting the above requirements would effectively render the trails unusable by equestrians due to the fact that complying would be logistically challenging or impossible, and potentially very dangerous to the rider. Real time evidence has proven that the education of all trail users on appropriate trail protocol is working extremely effectively. As an alternative to Codes that would render mufti wgettraiisuitisable to a vital segment of the community, we propose that instead, serious consideration be given to continuing HEARING COMMENT] to influence trail protocol through awareness and education with effective signage visible to all trail users. Such signage could be used to inform users to expect encounters with equestrians and how to safely share the trail, and reminders to equestrians to move manure off the trail surface.Trail users will then be fully informed, and they can then choose to accept the responsibility and risk of using a multi use trail.Again,this method has been proven, Multi use trails that include equestrians in Jefferson County work! Please support the local equestrian community by rejecting laws that would make the trails unusable for this vital segment of trail users and supporters. Share for Success 352 COMMENTS sharon williams May 13,2021 • May 13,2021 upvote reply show No...not necessary or wanted Lynn1 Langness May 12,2021 • May 12,2021 upvote reply show Please don't take our trails away from us Neila Whitney May 11,2021 • May 11,2021 upvote reply show v , .4 ON [HEARING COMMENT! Please do not classify horses as pets!Do not require bag and removal of horse poop.Logically,equestrians cannot carry around a 20 lb bag of poop for miles til back at trailheads!Horse poop will dry up and flake away,it is not sticky&smelly like dog poop...because horses don't eat meat. Starla Muir May 11,2021 • May 11,2021 upvote reply show Horses are NOT pets,but livestock,don't change their classification without a full and public hearing process. Emily Hart May 10,2021 • May 10,2021 upvote reply show Just one more they are trying to sneak away with sign this or it could be some other freedom you enjoy being taken from you Melanie Galuska May 09,2021 May 09,2021 upvote reply show I hope that people who love going on trail rides in nature will not lose the opportunity to do this in Jefferson county.Please look at the way Robin Hill County Park in Clallam county is able to maintain a multiuse trail system that allows for both hikers and equestrian use.Contact the Friends of Robin Hill group for more history of the park's evolution or contact me if interested in ideas about mitigating safety concerns re combined hikers and pedestrian use. Kimberlee Birkeland May 09,2021 • May 09,2021 upvote reply show I do agree with this partition Joan Linson May 09,2021 • May 09,2021 upvote reply show Horse manure poses NO threat on the trail.It decomposes quickly and no odors.Go after the people who dump their garbage on the trails. Wayne Carreker May 07,2021 • May 07,2021 upvote reply show The horses community has always at the forefront in building and maintaining trails and parks.Yet we seem to be punished at every turn. Lori Lennox May 07,2021 May 07,2021 upvote reply show Please keep Jefferson county the wonderful horse-friendly commuity it is.Horses are livestock.People need to be better educated about the differences between horses and pets.And poo on trails will break down,it's plant-based, not meat,so if people are comparing it to dog poop-don't. See More Sign in to comment 1197 SIGNATURES 9 hours ago Stephanie Hacker United States (HEARING COMMENli 9 hours ago 2 days ago Andrea Reese United States 2 days ago 4 days ago Jon hates United States 4 days ago 4 days ago Nancy Lindsley United States 4 days ago 4 days ago sharon williams United States 4 days ago 5 days ago Linda Spurlock United States 5 days ago 5 days ago Sonia Wyss Canada 5 days ago 6 days ago Lynn Langness United States 6 days ago 6 days ago Hagerman Sue Canada 6 days ago 6 days ago Neila Whitney United States 6 days ago See More SIGN P ION HEARING COMMENT Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 10:32 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:What Can Be Done?! From: leslie priest roubal Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 10:31:42 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US&Canada) To: Kate Dean; Heidi Eisenhour Subject: Fwd: What Can Be Done?! CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. Thank you for taking up this current citizen anxiety attack. Of course, it is over the many jurisdictions in our area-the STATE parks, COUNTY parks,COUNTY land,and CITY areas.See below the week's thread of conversation. Many of us are concerned by the list of weapons to be used against dogs,gosh knows that such weapons can be turned against people. We choose to live in this rural county because we do not want city-anxiety rules.We want to use our common sense. What was not mentioned is the escalation of problems with NEW dog owners who don't have dog sense.They are now raising anxious new dogs who are not getting kindness and bonding needed to have a controlled calm dog. It is traumatic to walk around with my dog every day with people wearing their anxiety on their sleeve and taking it out on all of us.The zen and peace of Jefferson County is diminishing. Forwarded message From:Nextdoor Fort Worden<reply@rs.email.nextdoor.com> Date: Mon, May 17, 2021 at 9:05 AM Subject: Re:What Can Be Done?! To: <Ipriestroubal@gmail.com> Ruth Mandelbaum,Port Townsend South My friends leashed dog was attacked by an unleashed dog owned by a local person who continues to walk his dog unleashed. It was... Ruth Mandelbaum, Port Townsend South My friends leashed dog was attacked by an unleashed dog owned by a local person who continues to walk his dog unleashed. It was a terrifying incident which left both my friend and her dog bleeding. The owner was far down the beach and continued to walk... See more Like Private message Share i HEARING COMMENT View or reply Turn off notifications for this post This message is intended for Ipriestroubal@gmail.com. Unsubscribe here.Nextdoor,420 Taylor Street, San Francisco,CA 94102 2 HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Andrew Draper <andrew.h.draper@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:07 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: My public comments to animal and parks code (for leash law) CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. I frequently walk my family's dog on public trails.While I approve of and support the goal of preventing pets from other people that have not given permission for the pet to approach, I strongly urge you to allow for longer leashes that can be quickly shortened when needed.There are many retractable leashes on the market that allow pets greater freedom of movement when appropriate,while still allowing owners to keep animals away from approaching people,pets,and hazards. (16'-20'seem to be common lengths for retractable leashes for small dogs like my family's,for example.) If the code is made to be too strict,then it will likely be inconsistently enforced.This can lead to confusion and anxiety about what is permissible for people like me who are earnestly trying to follow the rules. Inconsistent enforcement also undermines the rule of law, has greater potential to be subject to subconscious racism or other biases,and gives our freedoms and responsibilities over to the whims of authority figures(well-meaning though they might be). Please do not make leash requirements stricter than they need to be. Please allow for things like retractable leashes at extended lengths when others are not nearby. Thank you for the effort you put into helping our community, Andrew Draper 1 HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Tony Corrado <tony.corrado@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 9:25 AM To: jeffbocc; Darlene Schanfald Subject: Cell tower Lease Attachments: MARTIN PALL copy.docx;210104--EMF BOCC.pdf CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. To Whom It May Concern, Microwave Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) are well documented in scientific literature as causing a myriad of deleterious health effects on people and all other biological cellular life, who are exposed for a prolonged period of time to these EMFs. An excellent reference is the attachment hereto by Dr. Pall, A WSU Professor Emeritus who is considered a global expert in this field. The telecommunications industry would have you believe that you are powerless in blocking such leases as the FCC invokes the Interstate Commerce Act as prohibiting local actions. However, existing federal law embodied in the National Environmental Policy Act(NEPA) was enacted to protect the entirety of the biosphere from harm. NEPA compliance requires submission of environmental assessment (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs). A copy of recommendation that was made to the BOCC of Clallam County is also attached. Respectfully submitted, Tony Corrado Sequim, WA 98382 1 HEARING COMMENT 5G: Great risk for EU, U.S. and International Health! Compelling Evidence for Eight Distinct Types of Great Harm Caused by Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposures and the Mechanism that Causes Them Written and Compiled by Martin L. Pall, PhD Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences Washington State University Address: 638 NE 41s1 Ave., Portland OR 97232 USA martin pall@wsu.edu 503-232-3883 May 17,2018 Summary: We know that there is a massive literature,providing a high level of scientific certainty, for each of eight pathophysiological effects caused by non-thermal microwave frequency EMF exposures. This is shown in from 12 to 35 reviews on each specific effect,with each review listed in Chapter I, providing a substantial body of evidence on the existence of each effect. Such EMFs: 1. Attack our nervous systems including our brains leading to widespread neurological/neuropsychiatric effects and possibly many other effects. This nervous system attack is of great concern. 2. Attack our endocrine (that is hormonal)systems. In this context,the main things that make us functionally different from single celled creatures are our nervous system and our endocrine systems—even a simple planaria worm needs both of these. Thus the consequences of the disruption of these two regulatory systems is immense, such that it is a travesty to ignore these findings. 3. Produce oxidative stress and free radical damage, which have central roles in essentially all chronic diseases. 4. Attack the DNA of our cells,producing single strand and double strand breaks in cellular DNA and oxidized bases in our cellular DNA. These in turn produce cancer and also mutations in germ line cells which produce mutations in future generations. 5. Produce elevated levels of apoptosis (programmed cell death), events especially important in causing both neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. 6. Lower male and female fertility, lower sex hormones, lower libido and increased levels of spontaneous abortion and, as already stated, attack the DNA in sperm cells. 7. Produce excessive intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and excessive calcium signaling. 8. Attack the cells of our bodies to cause cancer. Such attacks are thought to act via 15 different mechanisms during cancer causation. There is also a substantial literature showing that EMFs also cause other effects including life threatening cardiac effects(Chapter 3). In addition substantial evidence suggests EMF causation of very early onset dementias, including Alzheimer's, digital and other types of dementias (Chapter 3); and there is evidence that EMF exposures in utero and shortly after birth can cause ADHD and autism (Chapter 5). Each of these effects is produced via the main mechanism of action of microwave/lower frequency EMFs, activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) (Chapter 2). Each of them is produced via what are called downstream effects of VGCC activation. It follows from this that we have a good understanding not only that these effects occur, but also how they can occur. The extraordinary sensitivity of the VGCC voltage sensor to the forces of the EMFs tells us that the current safety guidelines allow us to be exposed to EMF levels that are something like 1 HEARING COMMENT 7.2 million times too high. That sensitivity is predicted by the physics. Therefore, the physics and the biology are each pointing to the same mechanism of action of non-thermal EMFs. The different effects produced are obviously very deep concerns. They become much deeper and become existential threats when one considers that several of these effects are both cumulative and eventually irreversible. There is substantial evidence for the cumulative nature and eventual irreversibility of the neurological/neuropsychiatric effects,of the reproductive effects, the mutational DNA effects, the cardiac effects, of some but not other of the hormonal effects (Chapter 3); any causation of ADHD and autism may add additional concerns(here the cumulative nature is probably limited to the perinatal period). When we know that sperm counts have dropped by more than 50% throughout the technologically advanced countries on earth, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the vast majority of the population in those countries is already substantially impacted. The same conclusion can be made based on the widespread nature of the neuropsychiatric effects in those countries. Both of those effects will get much much worse even with no increase in current exposures,due to the cumulative nature and irreversibility of these effects. I expect we will see crash in human reproduction almost to zero as happened in the Magras and Xenos mouse study which I estimate to occur within about 5 years, without any increases in our exposures. Obviously 4G and 5G will make the situation much worse. Similarly I expect that the deterioration in brain function that we are already seeing will seal our fate if we fail to act rapidly and vigorously. Our collective brain function may become completely incapable of dealing with such a mega-crisis situation. Now it can be argued that some of these may not develop as I expect, although those expectations are based on the best available evidence. One may even be able to argue this for all of those expectations. However, when we have substantial risk of multiple existential threats to every single technologically advanced country on earth, failure to act vigorously means there is a very high probability of complete destruction of these societies. And the chaos which would inevitably ensue, in a world that still has nuclear weapons, may well lead to extinction. In the face of these types or risk, the only reasonable course is to move with great vigor to stop new exposures and lower current exposures. One can still access the internet,using wired connections. And we can lower cell phone tower and cell phone radiation substantially. Smart meters, if needed, can work via wired connections. Over 60% of this document(Chapters 5 & 6), is focused on the failures of statements from SCENIHR, the telecommunications industry, the U.S. FCC and the U.S. FDA to reflect the science. Their statements repeatedly omit much, often all of the most important science. Their statements are rife not only with omissions,but also with easily demonstrable falsehoods and with false logic. These have often occurred at times where we know that they knew better. These have occurred along with vigorous efforts by the telecommunications industry to corrupt the science by attacking individual scientists whose only fault is that they have obtained important findings that the industry does not like. These attacks have occurred along with vigorous efforts to corrupt two agencies that have important regulatory roles. There are also possible concerns about individual industry-linked research studies. All wireless communication devices put out polarized EMFs that carry information via pulsations. Both the pulsations and the polarization make these EMFs much more biologically active. There are three other factors that also influence the production of effects. Several industry-linked studies may have used these factors, along with using very tiny numbers of individual animals in their studies, to produce studies which may have been designed to fail(Chapter 5). It is not clear at this point whether this type of concern is quite limited or whether it is very broad. 2 HEARING COMMENT The European Commission has done nothing to protect European citizens from any of these very serious health hazards and the U.S. FDA, EPA and National Cancer Institute have done nothing to protect American citizens. The U.S. FCC has been much worse than that,acting vigorously with wanton disregard for our health. Preface The document that follows was, in its original form, sent to many of the authorities of the European Union, in conjunction with other documents sent to the same people by a group of European scientists. It was in response two documents that were, in turn, written by Mr. Ryan and Dr. Vinciunas responding to a large group of European and other international scientists expressing great concern about the safety of 5G. I was asked by the leaders of the group of scientists to write my own response to those two documents. Mr. Ryan made the statement that "There is consistent evidence presented by national and international bodies (International Commission on Non Ionising Radiation Protection - ICNIRP, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks(SCENIHR)that exposure to electromagnetic fields does not represent a health risk, if it remains below the limits set by Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC 1." In fact, that is not either the ICNIRP or SCENIHR position—their position, and similar positions have been taken by the U.S.FCC, FDA and the National Cancer Institute, is that the evidence is inconsistent or conflicting and therefore, in their view,no conclusions can be drawn. Some of these organization have also stated that there is no known mechanism by which effects can be produced. What is shown below is that there is a vast amount of evidence in the independent scientific literature that conflicts with both the conclusion about lack of demonstrated effects and the conclusion about lack of mechanism. The European Commission, according to the Ryan and Vinciunas documents and the U.S. National Cancer Institute, according to their web site, are each depending on the SCENIHR 2015 document to make judgments about EMF effects. Consequently, the reliability of SCENIHR 2015 is an essential element in determining the reliability of both of their assessments. The document that is presented below, differs from the document that was emailed to EU authorities in three different ways: 1. The original document was sent as an email with multiple attachments. In this document attachments are simply provided as citations. The current document is a stand-alone document. 2. Some material is inserted to discuss positions taken by the U.S. FCC, FDA and National Cancer Institure, so as to be particularly relevant to the U.S. situation. 3. Substantial additional evidence is also provided. The revised document contains seven chapters followed by a citation list for the entire document: Chapter 1: Eight Extremely Well-Documented Effects of Non-Thermal EMF Exposures: Role of Pulsations, Other Factors that Influence EMF Effects, pp. 4-17 Chapter 2: How Each Such EMF Effect Is Directly Produced via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Activation: Role of the Voltage Sensor in Producing the Extraordinary Sensitivity to EMF Effects, pp. 17-23 Chapter 3. Strong Evidence for Cumulative and Irreversible EMF Effects pp. 23-27 Chapter 4. EMFs Including Wi-Fi May Be Particularly Damaging to Young People pp. 27,28 3 HEARING COMMENT Chapter 5: The Importance of the SCENIHR 2015 Document and the Many Omissions, Flaws and Falsehoods in That Document pp. 28-58 Chapter 6: The U.S. Early Role in Recognizing Non-Thermal EMF Effects and How This Was Abandoned Starting in 1986: U.S. Failure to Research Health Impacts of Cell Phone Towers, Cell Phones, Wi-Fi, Smart Meters and Now 5G. What Is the Current Position of U.S. Government Agencies? pp. 58-78 Chapter 7: The Great Risks of 5G: What We Know and What We Don't Know pp. 78-82 Chapter 1. Eight Extremely Well-Documented Effects of Non-Thermal EMF Exposures: Role of Pulsations, Other Factors that Influence EMF Effects Both the earlier Ryan document and the more recent Arunas document each fail to pay any attention to the extensive scientific literature that has been accumulated on non-thermal electromagnetic field (EMF) effects. The scientific consensus of independent scientists based on information accumulated over the last 7 decades is just the opposite of what each of them states. I am copying into this document, at the end of Chapter 1, a series of 8 extremely well- documented effects of such EMF exposure, together with a list of review articles, most of them being peer reviewed articles published in well respected journals in the PubMed database, that have each reviewed a body of evidence demonstrating the existence of each such effect. What are the effects produced by non-thermal exposures to microwave frequency EMFs, where we have an extensive scientific literature? Each of the following effects has been documented in from 12 to 34 reviews, listed at the end of Chapter 1. 1. Three types of cellular DNA attacks,producing single strand breaks in the cellular DNA, double strand breaks in cellular DNA and oxidized bases in cellular DNA. Each of these DNA changes have roles in cancer causation and in producing the most important mutational changes in humans and diverse animals. Double stranded DNA breaks produce chromosomal breaks,rearrangements, deletions and duplications and copy number mutations; they also produce gene amplification, an important mechanism in cancer causation. Single strand breaks in cellular DNA cause aberrant recombination events leading to copy number mutations. Oxidized bases cause point mutations. When these occur in somatic cells, they can each have roles in causing cancer. When these occur in germ line cells(and they have be shown to occur in sperm following EMF exposures), they cause the three most important types of mutations in future generations, chromosomal mutations, copy number mutations and point mutations. (21 different reviews documenting these types of cellular DNA damage) 2. A wide variety of changes leading to lowered male fertility, lowered female fertility, increased spontaneous abortion, lowered levels of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, lowered libido (18 reviews). Human sperm count has dropped to below 50% of what used to be considered normal throughout the technologically advanced countries of the world [1]. Reproductive rates have fallen below replacement levels in every technologically advanced country of the world, with a single exception. These include every EU country, the U.S., Canada, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. Reproduction averages, in these countries, about 73% of replacement levels according to 2015 or 2016 data. A study on mouse reproduction [2] showed that radio/microwave frequency EMF exposure at doses well within our current safety guidelines produced substantial dose-dependent decreases in reproduction within 4 HEARING COMMENT the first set of litters; further exposure produced dose-dependent complete or almost complete sterility that was found to be largely irreversible. When we have a technology that is universally present in these technologically advanced countries,that we know impacts reproduction, and reproduction has already dropped well below replacement levels, and we may be facing a catastrophic and irreversible decline in reproduction and there are more and more plans to expose us still further,don't you think that we should take note of the science? Mr. Ryan and Dr. V mciunas seem to be saying not at all. (Please note that the U.S. FCC and FDA also completely ignore this existential threat) 3. Neurological/neuropsychiatric effects (25 reviews). My own paper on this [3] and two earlier reviews cited in it found that there are whole series of repeatedly found EMF effects which have also become extremely widespread complaints in our technologically advanced societies, namely: sleep disturbance/insomnia; fatigue/tiredness; headache; depression/depressive symptoms; lack of concentration/attention/cognitive dysfunction; dizziness/vertigo; memory changes; restlessness/tension/anxiety/stress/agitation; irritability. These findings are not just based on epidemiological findings but are also based on profound impacts of EMFs,at levels well within our safety guidelines,on brain structure and function and also on the mechanism of non-thermal EMF action discussed below. When we have these neuropsychiatric effects becoming more and more common in technologically advanced societies all over the world,and we know each of these is caused EMF exposures, shouldn't we take note of this relationship? 4. Apoptosis/cell death (13 reviews). The two most important consequences of large increases in apoptosis(programmed cell death)are in causation of the neurodegenerative diseases and lowered reproduction although there are others. 5. Oxidative stress/free radical damage (19 reviews). Oxidative stress has roles in all or almost all chronic diseases. It is reported to have essential roles in producing the reproductive effects and the attacks on cellular DNA and may also have roles in producing the neurological effects and some of the cancer-causing effects shown to be produced here by EMF exposures. 6. Widespread endocrine (that is hormonal) effects(12 reviews). The steroid hormone levels drop with EMF exposure,whereas other hormone levels increase with initial exposure. The neuroendocrine hormones and insulin levels often drop with prolonged EMF exposure,possibly due to endocrine exhaustion. 7. Increases in intracellular calcium([Ca2+]i)levels following EMF exposure(15 reviews). Calcium signaling also increases following EMF exposure. 8. Cancer causation(35 reviews). Brain cancer, salivary cancer, acoustic neuromas and two other types of cancer go up with cell phone use. People living near cell phone towers have increased cancer rates. Other types of EMFs are each implicated. Short wave radio, radio ham operators and people exposed to radar all are reported to have increased cancer incidence. Perhaps most telling, heavy-long term cell phone users have the highest incidence of brain cancer and have predominantly cancer increases on the ipsilateral side of the head (the side they use their cell phones), as opposed to the contralateral side. I have a paper [7], focused not on whether EMFs cause cancer but rather on how they can cause cancer. The paper shows that "downstream effects" of the main target of the EMFs in the cells of our bodies, can cause cancer in 15 different ways, including increases in cancer initiation, promotion and progression. Progression effects include both tissue invasion and metastasis. Each of these cancer causation effects are caused via mechanisms produced by downstream effects of the main non-thermal EMF mechanism, as discussed in Chapter 2. 9. Therapeutic effects of such EMFs. Such EMFs when focused on a specific region of the body where there is some dysfunction and when used at specific intensities, can have therapeutic effects. In my 2013 paper [4], 1 cited 12 different reviews where EMF 5 HEARING COMMENT stimulation of bone growth was used therapeutically. There are something like 4000 papers on various therapeutic effects. Strangely, the telecommunications industry does not acknowledge these therapeutic effects,preferring rather to maintain the fiction that there are no non-thermal effects. There is another set of reviews, 13 in this case,with each showing that pulsed EMFs are, in most cases, much more biologically active than are non-pulsed EMFs. This is particularly important because all wireless communication devices communicate via pulsations, making them potentially much more dangerous. It follows from this that if you wish to study the effects of Wi- Fi, cell phones, cordless phones, cell phone towers, smart meters or 5G, you had better study the real thing or at least something that pulses very much like the real thing. There are many studies that don't do this,but falsely claim to be genuine Wi-Fi, cell phone or cordless phone studies. Other factors that influence the occurrence of non-thermal EMF effects include the frequency being used, the polarization of the EMFs and the cell type being studied [4,5,8-11]. Furthermore there are intensity"windows"that produce maximum biological effects, such that both lower and higher intensities produce much less effect [5,8,9]. These window effect studies clearly show that dose-response curves are both non-linear and non-monotone, such that it is difficult or impossible to predict effects based on relative intensity even when all other factors are the same. The role of each of these factors is completely ignored by ICNIRP, SCENIHR, the U.S. FCC, FDA and National Cancer Institute as well as by many other industry-friendly groups. When each of these organizations concludes that"results are inconsistent"they are comparing studies based on superficial similarities but not on these demonstrated causal factors. What is being observed, therefore, is genuine biological heterogeneity, not inconsistency. It has been known since the beginning of modern science in the 16th century that how you do your studies is important in determining what results are obtained. How is it possible that ICNIRP, SCENIHR, the U.S. FCC, FDA and National Cancer Institute have forgotten this important fact? The primary literature studies demonstrating roles of pulsation, frequency, polarization, cell type and intensity windows in determining biological effects are entirely dependent on having genuine effects to study. None of these studies could have been done without an effect to study. Consequently, the claims that there are no well-documented EMF effects are nonsense, based not only on the eight extremely well-documented effects summarized above, but also on the entire literature demonstrating the role of pulsation, frequency, polarization, cell type and intensity windows. Now I haven't said anything about how these non-thermal EMF effects are produced. I am taking much of Chapter 2 from a recent paper [11]. Reviews each showing important health-related non-thermal effects of microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These review lists were prepared by Dr. Martin L. Pall, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University. martin pall@a wsu.edu BA degree in Physics, Phi Beta Kappa,with honors, Johns Hopkins University; PhD in Biochemistry & Genetics, Caltech. Specific effects and reviews each reporting the effect in multiple primary literature studies: Cellular DNA damage: Single strand and double strand breaks in cellular DNA and oxidized bases in cellular DNA,leading to chromosomal and other mutational changes: 6 r HEARING COMMENT 1. Glaser ZR, PhD. 1971 Naval Medical Research Institute Research Report,June 1971. Bibliography of Reported Biological Phenomena("Effects")and Clinical Manifestations Attributed to Microwave and Radio-Frequency Radiation. Report No. 2 Revised._ https://sc holar.google.com/scholar?q=Glaser+naval+medical+microwave+radio- frequency+1972&btnG=&h1=en&as_sdt=0%2C38 (Accessed Sept. 9,2017) 2. Goldsmith JR. 1997 Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar(microwave)effects. Environ Health Perspect 105(Suppl 6):1579-1587. 3. Yakymenko IL,Sidorik EP,Tsybulin AS. 1999 [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems].Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999),2011 Mar-Apr:20-28. 4. Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. 2007 Origins and consequences of DNA damage in male germ cells. Reprod Biomed Online 14:727-733. 5. Hardell, L., Sage, C. 2008. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed. Pharmacother. 62, 104-109. 6. Hazout A, Menezo Y, Madelenat P, Yazbeck C, Selva J, Cohen-Bacrie P. 2008 [Causes and clinical implications of sperm DNA damages]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil ;36:1109- 1117. 7. Phillips JL, Singh NP, Lai H. 2009 Electromagnetic fields and DNA damage. Pathophysiology 16:79-88. 8. Ruediger HW. 2009 Genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Pathophysiology. 16:89-102. 9. Makker K, Varghese A,Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 18:148-157. 10. Yakymenko I,Sidorik E. 2010 Risks of carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation and mobile telephony devices. Exp Oncol 32:729-736. 11. Yakimenko IL, Sidorik EP, Tsybulin AS. 2011 [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999). 2011 Mar-Apr;83(2):20-28. 12. Gye MC, Park CJ. 2012 Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Clin Exp Reprod Med 39:1-9. doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2012.39.1.1 13. Pall, ML. 2013. Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. J Cell Mol Med 17:958-965. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12088. 14. Pall,M. L. 2015 Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action. Rev. Environ. Health 3, 99- 116. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0001. 15. Hensinger P,Wilke E.2016. Mobilfunk-Studienergebnisse bestatigen Risiken Studienrecherche 2016-4 veroffentlicht. Umwelt Medizin Gesellshaft 29:3/2016. 16. Houston BJ, Nixon B, King By, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. 2016 The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. Reproduction 152:R263- R276. 17. Batista Napotnik T, Rebers"ek M, Vernier PT, Mali B, Miklav6i6 D. 2016 Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells(in vitro): A systematic review. Bioelectrochemistry. 2016 Aug:110:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.011. 18. Asghari A, Khaki AA, Rajabzadeh A, Khaki A. 2016 A review on Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician. 2016 Jul 25;8(7):2655- 2662. doi: 10.19082/2655. 7 HEARING COMMENT 19. Starkey S. 2016 Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safetryby the Advidsory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. Rev Environ Heaith31:493-503. 20. Pall ML. 2018 How cancer can be caused by microwave frequency electromagnetic field(EMF)exposures: EMF activation of voltage-gated calcium channels(VGCCs)can cause cancer including tumor promotion, tissue invasion and metastasis via 15 mechanisms. Chapter 7 in Mobile Communications and Public Health, Marko Markov, Ed., CRC press, pp 167-188. 21. Pall ML. 2018 Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res 164:404-416. 22. Wilke I.2018 Biological and pathological effects of 2.45 GHz on cells,fertility,brain and behavior. Umwelt Medizin Gesselshaft 2018 Feb 31 (1). Lowered fertility,including tissue remodeling changes in the testis,lowered sperm count and sperm quality,lowered female fertility including ovarian remodeling,oocyte(follicle) loss,lowered estrogen, progesterone and testosterone levels(that is sex hormone levels), increased spontaneous abortion incidence,lowered libido: 1. Glaser ZR, PhD. 1971 Naval Medical Research Institute Research Report,June 1971. Bibliography of Reported Biological Phenomena("Effects")and Clinical Manifestations Attributed to Microwave and Radio-Frequency Radiation. Report No. 2 Revised. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Glaser+naval+medical+microwave+radio- frequency+1972&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C38 (Accessed Sept. 9, 2017) 2. Tolgskaya MS, Gordon ZV. 1973. Pathological Effects of Radio Waves, Translated from Russian by B Haigh. Consultants Bureau, New York/London, 146 pages. 3. Goldsmith JR. 1997 Epidemiological evidence relevant to radar(microwave) effects. Environ Health Perspect 105(Suppl 6):1579-1587. 4. Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. 2007 Origins and consequences of DNA damage in male germ cells. Reprod Biomed Online 14:727-733. 5. Hazout A, Menezo Y,Madelenat P, Yazbeck C, Selva J, Cohen-Bacrie P. 2008 [Causes and clinical implications of sperm DNA damages]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil ;36:1109- 1117. 6. Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 18:148-157. 7. Kang N, Shang XJ, Huang YF. 2010 [Impact of cell phone radiation on male reproduction]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 16:1027-1030. 8. Gye MC, Park CJ. 2012 Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Clin Exp Reprod Med 39:1-9. doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2012.39.1.1 9. La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. 2012 Effects of the exposure to mobile phones on male reproduction: a review of the literature. J Androl 33:350-356. 10. Carpenter DO. 2013 Human disease resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields. Rev Environ Health 2013;28:159-172. 11. Naziroglu M, Yuksel M, KOse SA, Ozkaya MO. 2013 Recent reports of Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced radiation on oxidative stress and reproductive signaling pathways in females and males. J Membr Biol 246:869-875. 12. Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. 2014 Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int 70:106- 112. 8 HEARING COMMENT 13. Liu K, Li Y, ZhangG, Liu J, Cao J, Ao L, ZhangS. 2014 Association between mobile phone use and semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology 2:491- 501. 14. K Sri N. 2015 Mobile phone radiation: physiological& pathophysiological considerations. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 59:125-135. 15. Hensinger P,Wilke E.2016.Mobilfunk-Studienergebnisse bestatigen Risiken Studienrecherche 2016-4 veroffentlicht. Umwelt Medizin Gesellshaft 29:3/2016. 16. Starkey S.2016 Starkey S. 2016 Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safetryby the Advidsory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. Rev Environ Health 31:493-503. 17. Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. 2016 The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. Reproduction 152:R263- R276 18. Pall ML. 2018 Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res 164:404-416. 19. Wilke I.2018 Biological and pathological effects of 2.45 GHz on cells,fertility,brain and behavior.Umwelt Medizin Gesselshaft 2018 Feb 31 (1). NeurologicaUueuropsychiatric effects: 1. Marha K. 1966 Biological Effects of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (Translation).ATD Report 66-92.July 13, 1966 (AID Work Assignment No. 78, Task 11). http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0642029 (accessed March 12, 2018) 2. Glaser ZR, PhD. 1971 Naval Medical Research Institute Research Report,June 1971. Bibliography of Reported Biological Phenomena("Effects")and Clinical Manifestations Attributed to Microwave and Radio-Frequency Radiation. Report No. 2 Revised. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Glaser+naval+medical+microwave+radio- frequency+1972&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C38 (Accessed Sept. 9, 2017) 3. Tolgskaya MS, Gordon ZV. 1973. Pathological Effects of Radio Waves, Translated from Russian by by Haigh. Consultants Bureau, New York/London, 146 pages. 4. Bise W. 1978 Low power radio-frequency and microwave effects on human electroencephalogram and behavior. Physiol Chem Phys 10:387-398. 5. Raines, J. K. 1981. Electromagnetic Field Interactions with the Human Body: Observed Effects and Theories. Greenbelt, Maryland: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1981; 116 p. 6. Frey AH. 1993 Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. FASEB J 7:272-281. 7. Lai H. 1994 Neurological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. In: Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems, Vol. 1,J.C. Lin, Ed.,Plenum Press, New York, pp. 27-88. 8. Grigor'ev IuG. 1996 [Role of modulation in biological effects of electromagnetic radiation]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 36:659-670. 9. Lai,H 1998 Neurological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation._ http://www.maperuzin.com/radiofrequency/henry lai2.htm. 10. Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. 2007 Origins and consequences of DNA damage in male germ cells. Reprod Biomed Online 14:727-733. 11. Hardell, L., Sage, C. 2008. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed. Pharmacother. 62, 104-109. 9 HEARING COMMENT 12. Makker K, Varghese A,Desai NR, Mouradi R,Agarwal A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 18:148-157. 13. Khurana VG, Hardell L, Everaert J, Bortkiewicz A, Carlberg M, Ahonen M. 2010 Epidemiological evidence for a health risk from mobile phone base stations. Int J Occup Environ Health 16:263-267. 14. Levitt, B. B.,Lai, H. 2010. Biological effects from exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations and other antenna arrays. Environ. Rev. 18, 369-395. doi.org/10.1139/A10-018 15. Carpenter DO. 2013 Human disease resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields. Rev Environ Health 2013;28:159-172. 16. Politanski P, Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M. 2016 [Effects of radio- and microwaves emitted by wireless communication devices on the functions of the nervous system selected elements]. Med Pr 67:411-421. 17. Hensinger P,Wilke E.2016. Mobilfunk-Studienergebnisse bestatigen Risiken Studienrecherche 2016-4 veroffentlicht. Umwelt Medizin Gesellshaft 29:3/2016. 18. Pall ML. 2016 Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs)produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression. J Chem Neuroanat 75(Pt B):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.08.001. 19. Hecht, Karl.2016 Health Implications of Long-Term Exposures to Electrosmog. Brochure 6 of A Brochure Series of the Competence Initiative for the Protection of Humanity,the Environment and Democracy. http://kompetenzinitiative.net/KIT/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/KI_Brochure- 6_K_Hecht_web.pdf(accessed Feb. 11,2018) 20. Starkey S. 2016 Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safetryby the Advidsory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. Rev Environ Health31:493-503. 21. Sangun O, Dundar B, comlekci S, Buyukgebiz A. 2016 The Effects of Electromagnetic Field on the Endocrine System in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 13:531-545. 22. Belyaev I, Dean A, Eger H,Hubmann G,Jandrisovits R,Kern M, Kundi M, Moshammer H, Lercher P, Muller K, Oberfeld G, Ohnsorge P, Pelzmann P, Scheingraber C, Thill R. 2016 EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Rev Environ Health DOI 10.1515/reveh- 2016-0011. 23. Zhang J, Sumich A, Wang GY. 2017 Acute effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phone on brain function. Bioelectromagnetics 38:329-338. doi: 10.1002/bem.22052. 24. Lai H. 2018. A Summary of Recent Literature (2007-2017) on Neurological Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation. Chapter 8 in Mobile Communications and Public Health, Marko Markov, Ed., CRC press, pp 189-224. 25. Pall ML. 2018 Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res 164:404-416. 26. Wilke I. 2018 Biological and pathological effects of 2.45 GHz on cells,fertility,brain and behavior. Umwelt Medizin Gesselshaft 2018 Feb 31 (1). Apoptosis/cell death (an important process in production of neurodegenerative diseases that is also important in producing infertility responses): 1. Glaser ZR, PhD. 1971 Naval Medical Research Institute Research Report,June 1971. Bibliography of Reported Biological Phenomena("Effects")and Clinical Manifestations Attributed to Microwave and Radio-Frequency Radiation. Report No. 2 Revised. 10 HEARING COMMENT https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Glaser+naval+medical+microwave+radio- frequency+1972&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C38 (Accessed Sept. 9, 2017) 2. Tolgskaya MS, Gordon ZV. 1973. Pathological Effects of Radio Waves, Translated from Russian by B Haigh. Consultants Bureau, New York/London, 146 pages. 3. Raines,J. K. 1981. Electromagnetic Field Interactions with the Human Body: Observed Effects and Theories. Greenbelt, Maryland: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1981; 116 p. 4. Hardell L, Sage C. 2008. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed. Pharmacother. 62:104-109. doi: 10.101E/j.biopha.2007.12.004. 5. Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 18:148-157. 6. Levitt, B. B.,Lai, H. 2010. Biological effects from exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations and other antenna arrays. Environ. Rev. 18, 369-395. doi.org/10.1139/A10-018 7. Yakymenko I,Sidorik E. 2010 Risks of carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation and mobile telephony devices.Exp Oncol 32:729-736. 8. Yakimenko IL, Sidorik EP, Tsybulin AS. 2011 [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems]. Ukr Biokhim Zh(1999). 2011 Mar-Apr;83(2):20-28. 9. Pall, ML. 2013. Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. J Cell Mol Med 17:958-965. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12088. 10. Pall ML. 2016 Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs)produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression. J Chem Neuroanat 75(Pt B):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.08:001. 11. Batista Napotnik T, Rebersek M, Vernier PT, Mali B, Miklavcic D. 2016 Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells(in vitro): A systematic review. Bioelectrochemistry. 2016 Aug;110:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.011. 12. Asghari A, Khaki AA, Rajabzadeh A, Khaki A. 2016 A review on Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician. 2016 Jul 25;8(7):2655- 2662. doi: 10.19082/2655. 13. Starkey S.2016 Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safetryby the Advidsory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. Rev Environ Health 31:493-503. 14. Pall ML. 2018 Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res 164:404- 416. Oxidative stress/free radical damage (important mechanisms involved in almost all chronic diseases; direct cause of cellular DNA damage): 1. Raines, J. K. 1981. Electromagnetic Field Interactions with the Human Body: Observed Effects and Theories. Greenbelt, Maryland: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1981; 116 p. 2. Hardell, L., Sage, C. 2008. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed. Pharmacother. 62, 104-109. 3. Hazout A, Menezo Y, Madelenat P, Yazbeck C, Selva J, Cohen-Bacrie P. 2008 [Causes and clinical implications of sperm DNA damages]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil ;36:1109-1117 4. Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online 18:148-157. 11 HEARING COMMENT 5. Desai NR, Kesari KK, Agarwal A. 2009 Pathophysiology of cell phone radiation: oxidative stress and carcinogenesis with focus on the male reproductive system. Reproduct Biol Endocrinol 7:114. 6. Yakymenko I,Sidorik E. 2010 Risks of carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation and mobile telephony devices. Exp Oncol 32:729-736. 7. Yakimenko IL, Sidorik EP, Tsybulin AS. 2011 [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999). 2011 Mar-Apr;83(2):20-28. 8. Consales, C., Merla, C., Marino, C., et al. 2012. Electromagnetic fields, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Int. J. Cell Biol. 2012: 683897. 9. LaVignera et al 2012 La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. 2012 Effects of the exposure to mobile phones on male reproduction: a review of the literature. J Androl 33:350-356. 10. Pall, ML. 2013. Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. J Cell Mol Med 17:958-965. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12088. 11. Naziroglu M, Yuksel M, Kose SA, Ozkaya MO. 2013 Recent reports of Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced radiation on oxidative stress and reproductive signaling pathways in females and males.J Membr Biol 246:869-875. 12. Pall,M. L. 2015. Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action. Rev. Environ. Health 3, 99- 116. 13. Yakymenko I, Tsybulin 0, Sidorik E, Henshel D, Kyrylenko 0, Kysylenko S. 2015 Oxidative mechanisms of biological activity of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation. Electromagnetic Biol Med: Early Online 1-16. ISSN: 1536-8378. 14. Hensinger P,Wilke E. 2016.Mobilfunk-Studienergebnisse bestatigen Risiken Studienrecherche 2016-4 veroffentlicht. Umwelt Medizin Gesellshaft 29:3/2016. 15. Houston BJ,Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN,Aitken RJ. 2016 The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. Reproduction 152:R263- R276. 16. Starkey S.2016 Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safetryby the Advidsory Group on Non-ionising Radiation.Rev Environ Health 31:493-503. 17. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ. 2016 The link between radiofrequencies emitted from wireless technologies and oxidative stress. J Chem Neuroanat 75(Pt B):85-93. 18. Wang H,Zhang X. 2017 Magnetic fields and reactive oxygen species. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 18;18(10). pii: E2175. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102175. 19. Pall ML. 2018 Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res 164:404- 416. 20. Wilke I. 2018 Biological and pathological effects of 2.45 GHz on cells,fertility, brain and behavior. Umwelt Medizin Gesselshaft 2018 Feb 31 (1). Endocrine, that is hormonal effects: 1. Glaser ZR, PhD. 1971 Naval Medical Research Institute Research Report, June 1971. Bibliography of Reported Biological Phenomena("Effects")and Clinical Manifestations Attributed to Microwave and Radio-Frequency Radiation. Report No. 2 Revised. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Glasernaval+medical+microwave+radio- frequency+1972&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C38 (Accessed Sept. 9, 2017) 12 HEARING COMMENT 2. Tolgskaya MS, Gordon ZV. 1973. Pathological Effects of Radio Waves, Translated from Russian by B Haigh. Consultants Bureau, New York/London, 146 pages. 3. Raines,J. K. 1981. Electromagnetic Field Interactions with the Human Body: Observed Effects and Theories. Greenbelt, Maryland: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1981; 116 p. 4. Hardell, L., Sage, C. 2008. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed. Pharmacother. 62, 104-109. 5. Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis?Reprod Biomed Online 18:148-157. 6. Gye MC, Park CJ. 2012 Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Clin Exp Reprod Med 39:1-9. doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2012.39.1.1 7. Pall, M. L. 2015. Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action. Rev. Environ. Health 3, 99- 116. 8. Sangun 0, Dundar B, comlekri S, Buyukgebiz A. 2016 The Effects of Electromagnetic Field on the Endocrine System in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 13:531-545. 9. Hecht,Karl.2016 Health Implications of Long-Term Exposures to Electrosmog. Brochure 6 of A Brochure Series of the Competence Initiative for the Protection of Humanity,the Environment and Democracy. http://kompetenzinitiative.net/KIT/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/KI_Brochure- 6_K_Hecht_web.pdf(accessed Feb. 11, 2018) 10. Asghari A, Khaki AA, Rajabzadeh A, Khaki A. 2016 A review on Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician. 2016 Jul 25;8(7):2655- 2662. doi: 10.19082/2655. 11. Pall ML. 2018 Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res 164:404-416. 12. Wilke I.2018 Biological and pathological effects of 2.45 GHz on cells,fertility,brain and behavior. Umwelt Medizin Gesselshaft 2018 Feb 31 (1). Increased intracellular calcium: intracellular calcium is maintained at very low levels (typically about 2 X 10-9 M) except for brief increases used to produce regulatory responses, such that sustained elevation of intracellular calcium levels produces many pathophysiological (that is disease-causing)responses). 1. Adey WR. 1988 Cell membranes:the electromagnetic environment and cancer promotion. Neurochem Res.13:671-677. 2. Walleczek, J. 1992. Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: the role of calcium signaling. FASEB J. 6, 3177-3185. 3. Adey, WR. 1993 Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. J Cell Biochem 51:410- 416. 4. Frey AH. 1993 Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. FASEB J 7:272-281. 5. Funk RHW, Monsees T, 0zkucur N. 2009 Electromagnetic effects-Form cell biology to medicine. Prog Histochem Cytochem 43:177-264. 6. Yakymenko IL,Sidorik EP,Tsybulin AS. 1999 [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999), 2011 Mar-Apr:20-28. 13 HEARING COMMENT 7. Gye MC, Park CJ. 2012 Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Clin Exp Reprod Med 39:1-9.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2012.39.1.1 8. Pall, ML. 2013. Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. J Cell Mol Med 17:958-965. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12088. 9. Pall ML. 2014 Electromagnetic field activation of voltage-gated calcium channels: role in therapeutic effects. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014 Apr 8 doi: 10.3109/15368378.2014.906447. 10. Pall ML. 2015 How to approach the challenge of minimizing non-thermal health effects of microwave radiation from electrical devices. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management(IJIREM)ISSN: 2350-0557, Volume-2, Issue - 5, September 2015; 71-76. 11. Pall,M. L. 2015 Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action.Rev. Environ. Health 3, 99- 116. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0001. 12. Pall ML. 2016 Electromagnetic fields act similarly in plants as in animals: Probable activation of calcium channels via their voltage sensor. Curr Chem Biol 10: 74-82. 13. Pall ML. 2016 Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs)produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression. J Chem Neuroanat 75(Pt B):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.08.001. 14. Batista Napotnik T, Rebersek M, Vernier PT, Mali B, Miklavci6 D. 2016 Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells(in vitro): A systematic review. Bioelectrochemistry. 2016 Aug;110:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.011. 15. Asghari A, Khaki AA,Rajabzadeh A, Khaki A. 2016 A review on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician. 2016 Jul 25;8(7):2655- 2662. doi: 10.19082/2655. Pulsed EMFs are,in most cases much more biologically active than are non-pulsed EMFs. This is important because all wireless communication devices communicate via pulsations and because the "smarter"the devices are, the more they pulse because the pulsations convey the information. What should be obvious is that you cannot study such pulsation roles if there were no biological effects produced by such EMFs. The pulsation studies alone tell us that there are many such EMF effects. 1. Osipov YuA, 1965 [Labor hygiene and the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on workers]. Leningrad Meditsina Publishing House, 220 pp. 2. Pollack H, Healer J. 1967 Review of Information on Hazards to Personnel from High- Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation. Institute for Defense Analyses; Research and Engineering Support Division. IDA/HQ 67-6211, Series B, May 1967. 3. Frey AH. 1974 Differential biologic effects of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic fields and mechanisms of effect.Ann N Y Acad Sci 238: 273-279. 4. Creighton MO, Larsen LE, Stewart-DeHaan PJ,Jacobi JH, Sanwal M, Baskerville JC, Bassen HE, Brown DO, Trevithick JR. 1987 In vitro studies of microwave-induced cataract. II. Comparison of damage observed for continuous wave and pulsed microwaves. Exp Eye Res 45:357-373. 5. Grigor'ev IuG. 1996 [Role of modulation in biological effects of electromagnetic radiation]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 36:659-670. 14 HEARING COMMENT 6. Belyaev I. 2005 Non-thermal biological effects of microwaves. Microwave Rev 11:13- 29. 7. Belyaev I. 2005 Non-thermal biological effects of microwaves: current knowledge, further perspective and urgent needs. Electromagn Biol Med 24(3):375-403. 8. Markov MS. 2007 Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy: History, state of the art and future. The Environmentalist 27:465-475. 9. Van Boxem K, Huntoon M, Van Zundert J,Patijn J, van Kleef M, Joosten EA. 2014 Pulsed radiofrequency: a review of the basic science as applied to the pathophysiologyof radicular pain: a call for clinical translation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 Mar- Apr;39(2):149-59. 10. Belyaev, I. 2015. Biophysical mechanisms for nonthermal microwave effects.In: Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine, Marko S. Markov, ed, CRC Press,New York,pp 49-67. 11. Pall,M. L. 2015 Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action. Rev. Environ. Health 3, 99- 116. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0001. 12. Panagopoulos DJ,Johansson 0, Carlo GL. 2015 Real versus simulated mobile phone exposures in experimental studies. BioMed. Res. Int. 2015, article ID 607053, 8 pages. doi: 10.1155/2015/607053. 13. Batista Napotnik T, Rebergek M, Vernier PT, Mali B, Miklavcic D. 2016 Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells(in vitro): A systematic review. Bioelectrochemistry. 2016 Aug;110:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem2016.02.011. Cancer causation by EMF exposures: 1. Dwyer, M. J.,Leeper, D. B. 1978 A Current Literature Report on the Carcinogenic Properties of Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation. DHEW Publication (NIOSH) 78-134, March 1978. 2. Marino AA, Morris DH. 1985 Chronic electromagnetic stressors in the environment. A risk factor in human cancer.J environ sci health C3:189-219. 3. Adey WR. 1988 Cell membranes: the electromagnetic environment and cancer promotion. Neurochem Res.13:671-677. 4. Adey WR. 1990 Joint actions of environmental nonionizing electromagnetic fields and chemical pollution in cancer promotion. Environ Health Perspect 86:297-305. 5. Frey AH. 1993 Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. FASEB J 7:272-281. 6. Goldsmith JR. 1995 Epidemiological evidence of radiofrequency radiation (microwave) effects on health in military, broadcasting and occupational settings. Int J Occup Environ Health 1:47-57. 7. Goldsmith JR. 1997 Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar (microwave) effects. Env Health Perspect 105(Suppl 6):1579-1587. 8. Kundi M, Mild K, Hardell L, Mattsson M. 2004 Mobile telephones and cancer- a review of the epidemiological evidence. J Toxicol Env Health, Part B 7:351-384. 9. Kundi M. 2004 Mobile phone use and cancer. Occup Env Med 61:560-570. 10. Behari J, Paulraj R. 2007 Biomarkers of induced electromagnetic field and cancer. Indian J Exp Biol 45:77-85. 11. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Soderqvist F, Hansson Mild K. 2008 Meta-analysis of long-term mobile phone use and the association with brain tumors. Int J Onco132:1097-1 103. 15 HEARING COMMENT 12. Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. 2009 Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data. Surg Neurol 72:205-214. 13. Desai NR, Kesari KK, Agarwal A. 2009 Pathophysiology of cell phone radiation: oxidative stress and carcinogenesis with focus on the male reproductive system. Reproduct Biol Endocrinol 7:114. 14. Davanipour Z, Sobel E. 2009 Long-term exposure to magnetic fields and the risks of Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer: Further biological research. Pathophysiology 16:149-156. 15. Yakymenko I, Sidorik E. 2010 Risks of carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation and mobile telephony devices. Exp Oncol 32:729-736. 16. Carpenter DO. 2010 Electromagnetic fields and cancer: the cost of doing nothing. Rev Environ Health 25:75-80. 17. Giuliani L, Soffriti M(Eds). 2010 NON-THERMAL EFFECTS AND MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND LIVING MATTER,RAMAZZINI INSTITUTE EUR.J. ONCOL. LIBRARY Volume 5,National Institute for the Study and Control of Cancer and Environmental Diseases "Bernardino Ramazzini"Bologna, Italy 2010, 400 page monograph. 18. Khurana, V. G., Hardell, L.,Everaert, J., Bortkiewicz,A., Carlberg, M., Ahonen, M. 2010 Epidemiological evidence for a health risk from mobile phone base stations. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 16, 263-267. 19. Yakymenko, I., Sidorik, E., Kyrylenko, S.,Chekhun, V. 2011. Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems. Exp. Oncol. 33(2), 62-70. 20. Biointiative Working Group, David Carpenter and Cindy Sage(eds). 2012 Bioinitiative 2012: A rationale for biologically-based exposure standards for electromagnetic radiation. http://www.bioinitiative.org/participants/why-we-care/ 21. Ledoigt G, Belpomme D. 2013 Cancer induction molecular pathways and HF-EMF irradiation. Adv Biol Chem 3:177-186. 22. Hardell L, Carlberg M. 2013 Using the Hill viewpoints from 1965 for evaluating strengths of evidence of the risk for brain tumors associated with use of mobile and cordless phones. Rev Environ Health 28:97-106. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2013-0006. 23. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. 2013 Use of mobile phones and cordless phones is associated with increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma. Pathophysiology 2013;20(2):85-110. 24. Carpenter DO. 2013 Human disease resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields. Rev Environ Health 2013;28:159-172.gj 25. Davis DL, Kesari S, Soskolne CL, Miller AB, Stein Y. 2013 Swedish review strengthens grounds for concluding that radiation from cellular and cordless phones is a probable human carcinogen. Pathophysiology 20:123-129. 26. Morgan LL, Miller AB, Sasco A, Davis DL. 2015 Mobile phone radiation causes brain tumors and should be classified as a probable human carcinogen(2A). Int J Oncol 46(5): 1865-1871. 27. Mandavi M, Yekta R, Tackallou SH. 2015 Positive correlation between ELF and RF electromagnetic fields on cancer risk. J Paramed Sci 6(3), ISSN 2008-4978. 28. Carlberg M, Hardell L. 2017 Evaluation of Mobile Phone and Cordless Phone Use and Glioma Risk Using the Bradford Hill Viewpoints from 1965 on Association or Causation. BioMed Res Int 2017, Article ID 9218486,https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9218486 29. Bortkiewicz A, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W. 2017 Mobile phone use and risk for intracranial tumors and salivary gland tumors - A meta-analysis. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 30:27-43. 16 HEARING COMMENT 30. Bielsa-Fernandez P,Rodriguez-Martin B. 2017 [Association between radiation from mobile phones and tumour risk in adults]. Gac Sanit. 2017 Apr 12. pii: S0213- 9111(17)30083-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.10.014. [Epub ahead of print] 31. Alegria-Loyola MA, Galnares-Olalde JA, Mercado M. 2017 [Tumors of the central nervous system]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 55:330-334. 32. Prasad M, Kathuria P,Nair P, Kumar A, Prasad K. 2017 Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a systematic review of association between study quality, source of funding, and research outcomes. Neurol Sci. 2017 Feb 17. doi: 10.1007/s10072-017- 2850-8. [Epub ahead of print]. 33. Miller A. 2017 References on cell phone radiation and cancer._ https://ehtrust.org/references-cell-phone-radio-frequency-radiation-cancer/(Accessed Sept. 9, 2017) 34. Hardell L. 2017 World Health Organization,radiofrequency radiation and health—a hard nut to crack(Review). Int J Oncol 51:405-413. 35. Pall ML. 2018 How cancer can be caused by microwave frequency electromagnetic field (EMF)exposures: EMF activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) can cause cancer including tumor promotion,tissue invasion and metastasis via 15 mechanisms.Chapter 7 in: Mobile Communications and Public Health, Marko Markov, Ed.,CRC Press,pp 167-188. Each of these reviews, typically cite from 5 to over 100 primary literature citations, each showing that non-thermal EMF exposures produce the effect under which they are listed. It follows from this, that there are not only 11 or more reviews documenting each of these effects,but there is also a massive primary literature documenting these effects as well. It follows from this that the ICNIRP, FCC and International Safety Guidelines, which are entirely based only on thermal effects are inadequate and there have been petitions and other statements of international groups of scientists expressing great concern about this.It follows that the ICNIRP, FCC and International safety guidelines are completely unscientific and cannot be relied upon to protect our safely. Chapter 2: How Each Such EMF Effect Is Produced via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Activation: Role of the Voltage Sensor in Producing the Extraordinary Sensitivity to EMF Effects The Pall, 2013 [4] study showed that in 24 different studies (there are now a total of 26 [5]), effects of low-intensity EMVIFs, both microwave frequency and also lower frequency EMFs, could be blocked by calcium channel blockers, drugs that are specific for blocking voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). There were 5 different types of calcium channel blockers used in these studies each thought to be highly specific, each structurally distinct and each binding to a different site on the VGCCs. In studies where multiple effects were studied, all studied effects were blocked or greatly lowered by calcium channel blockers. These studies show that EMFs produce diverse non-thermal effects via VGCC activation in many human and animal cells and even in plant cells where some similar calcium channels are involved [6]. Furthermore, many different effects shown to be produced in repeated studies by EMF exposures, including the effects discussed above, can each be produced by downstream effects of VGCC activation, via increased intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i, as discussed below. Various EMFs act via VGCC activation, as shown by calcium channel blocker studies. These include microwave frequency EMFs, nanosecond pulse EMFs, intermediate frequency EMFs, extremely low frequency EMFs and even static electrical fields and static magnetic fields. 17 HEARING COMMENT It is important to discuss why the VGCCs are so sensitive to activation by these low-intensity EMFs. Each of the VGCCs have a voltage sensor which is made up of 4 alpha helixes, each designated as an S4 helix, in the plasma membrane. Each of these S4 helixes has 5 positive charges on it, for a total of 20 positive charges making up the VGCC voltage sensor[5,8]. Each of these charges is within the lipid bilayer part of the plasma membrane. The electrical forces on the voltage sensor are extraordinarily high for three distinct reasons [5,8]. 1. The 20 charges on the voltage sensor make the forces on voltage sensor 20 times higher than the forces on a single charge. 2. Because these charges are within the lipid bilayer section of the membrane where the dielectric constant is about 1/120`h of the dielectric constant of the aqueous parts of the cell, the law of physics called Coulomb's law, predicts that the forces will be approximately 120 times higher than the forces on charges in the aqueous parts of the cell. 3. Because the plasma membrane has a high electrical resistance whereas the aqueous parts of the cell are highly conductive, the electrical gradient across the plasma membrane is estimated to be concentrated about 3000-fold. The combination of these factors means that comparing the forces on the voltage sensor with the forces on singly charged groups in the aqueous parts of the cell,the forces on the voltage sensor are approximately 20 X 120 X 3000=7.2 million times higher[5,8]. The physics predicts, therefore, extraordinarily strong forces activating the VGCCs via the voltage sensor. It follows that the biology tells us that the VGCCs are the main target of the EMFs and the physics tells us why they are the main target. Thus the physics and biology are pointing in exactly the same direction. We have,then, very strong arguments that the EMFs act directly on the voltage-sensor to activate the VGCCs. There are several other types of evidence, each providing important evidence supporting this view: I. In a study published by Pilla[12], it was found that pulsed EMFs produced an"instantaneous" increase in calcium/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthesis in cells in culture. What this study [12] showed was that following EMF exposure, the cells in culture, must have produced a large increase in [Ca2+]i,this in turn produced a large increase in nitric oxide synthesis,the nitric oxide diffused out of the cells and out of the aqueous medium above the cells into the gas phase, where the nitric oxide was detected by a nitric oxide electrode. This entire sequence occurred in less than 5 seconds. This eliminates almost any conceivable indirect effect, except possibly via plasma membrane depolarization. Therefore, it is likely that the pulsed EMFs are acting directly on the voltage sensors of the VGCCs and possibly the voltage-gated sodium channels, to produce the [Ca2+]i increase. 2. There are also additional findings pointing to the voltage sensor as the direct target of the EMFs. In addition to the VGCCs, there are also voltage-gated sodium, potassium and chloride channels, with each of these having a voltage sensor similar to those found in the VGCCs. Lu et al [13] reported that voltage gated sodium channels, in addition to the VGCCs were activated by EMFs. Tabor et al [14] found that Mauthner cells, specialized neurons with special roles in triggering rapid escape mechanisms in fish,were almost instantaneously activated by electrical pulses, which acted via voltage-gated sodium channel activation to subsequently produce large [Ca2+]i increases. Zhang et al [15] reported that in addition to the VGCCs,potassium and chloride channels were each activated by EMFs, although these other voltage-gated ion channels had relatively modest roles, compared with the VGCCs, in producing biological effects. Each of these three studies [13-15] used specific blockers for these other voltage-gated ion channels to determine their roles. The Tabor et al [14] study also used genetic probing to determine the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels. Lu et al [13] also used whole cell patch clamp measurements to measure the rapid influx of both sodium and calcium into the cell via the voltage-gated channels following EMF exposure. Sodium influx, particularly in electrically 18 active cells,acts in the normal physiology to depolarize the plasma membrane, leading to VGCC activation such that the voltage-gated sodium channels may act primarily via indirect activation of the VGCCs. In summary then,we have evidence that in animal including human cells, seven distinct classes of voltage-gated ion channels are each activated by EMF exposures: From Ref. [4], four classes of voltage-gated ion channels were shown from calcium channel blocker studies, to be activated by EMFs, L-type, T-type,N-type and P/Q—type VGCCs. In this paragraph we have evidence that three other channels are also activated, voltage-gated sodium channels, voltage-gated potassium channels and voltage-gated chloride channels. Furthermore the plant studies strongly suggest that the so called TPC channels,which contain a similar voltage sensor, are activated in plants allowing calcium influx into plants to produce similar EMF-induced responses [6]. In summary, then we have evidence for eight different ion channels being activated by EMF exposure, four classes of VGCCs,one class each of voltage-gated sodium, potassium and chloride channels and also one class of plant channel, with each of these channels having a similar voltage-sensor regulating its opening. One can put those observations together with the powerful findings from the physics, that the electrical forces on the voltage-sensor are stunningly strong, something like 7.2 million times stronger than the forces on the singly charged groups in the aqueous phases of the cell. Now you have a stunningly powerful argument that the voltage sensor is the predominant direct target of the EMFs. 3. The most important study on this subject, was published by Tekieh et al[16]. It showed that microwave frequency EMFs directly activate the VGCCs in isolated membranes. A variety of microwave frequencies were used in these studies and each such frequency produced VGCC activation in a completely cell-free system. This study clearly shows that the EMF activation of the VGCCs is direct and not due to some indirect regulatory effect. How then does the estimated sensitivity of the voltage-sensor, about 7.2 million times greater forces than the forces on singly charged groups,compare with previous estimates of levels of EMF exposure needed to produce biological effects? The ICNIRP 2009 [17] safety guidelines allowed for 2 to 10 W/m2 exposure, depending upon frequency. In contrast, the Bioinitiative Working Group 2007 [18] proposed a precautionary target level of 3 to 6 µW/m2 or about a million-fold lower,using a safety factor of 10. If one uses a more commonly used safety factor of 50 to 100, then the 7.2 million-fold sensitivity of the voltage-sensor,predicted by the physics, falls right in the middle of the Bioinitiative Working Group 2007 calculations. So again, it can be argued that the physics and the biology are pointing in the same direction, in this case pointing to the same approximate range of sensitivity. You may be wondering why I am spending so much time and space going through each of these studies. The answer is that a well over a trillion dollar(or trillion euro)set of industries, the telecommunications industry, has been putting out propaganda for over two decades, arguing that there cannot be a mechanism of action of these non-thermal EMFs to produce biological effects; and that these EMFs are too weak to do anything and that only thermal effects are documented. It is essential to dot every i and cross every t with regard to the main mechanism of action of non- thermal effects. That is exactly what has been done here. How Can the Diverse Effects of Such EMF Exposures Be Produced by VGCC Activation? 19 HEARING COMMENT Cytochrome mitochondrial energy metabolism,steroid hormone synthesis Microwave/Lower VGCC [Ca2+]i itric protein ? Nrt2 Frequency EMFs acts ation )side(NO) NO signaling kinase G (cGMP) Super- effects Therapeutic Calcium oxide .4.. signaling l Peroxynit rite+_CO2 (ONOO-) Free radicals Oxidative stress I NF-kappaB Inflammation Pathophysiological effects Fig. 1 How EMFs Act via VGCC Activation to Produce Various Effects The mechanisms by which various effects can be generated by VGCC activation are outlined in Fig. 1. Going across the top of Fig. 1,it can be seen that increased intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i can increase nitric oxide(NO)synthesis, stimulating the NO signaling pathway (going to the right from top,center), to produce therapeutic effects. NO (very top) can also bind to cytochromes and inhibit their activity. NO binding to the terminal oxidase in the mitochondria inhibits energy metabolism and lowers, therefore, ATP. NO binding to cytochrome P450s, lowers synthesis of steroid hormones,including estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The P450 lowering also lowers detoxification and vitamin D activity. Most of the pathophysiological effects are produced by the peroxynitrite/free radical/oxidative stress pathway center to lower right(Fig. 1) and also by excessive calcium signaling pathway(slightly left of center,Fig. I). Some of the ways these are thought to produce various well-established EMF effects are outlined in Table 1. Table 1. How Eight Established Effects of EMFs Can Be Produced by VGCC Activation EMF effect Probable mechanism(s) Oxidative stress Produced by elevated levels of peroxynitrite and the free radical breakdown products of peroxynitrite and its CO2 adduct. Four studies of EMF exposure, cited in [4] showed that oxidative stress following exposure was associated with major elevation of 3- nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite, thus confirming this interpretation. Two other studies each found 3-nitrotyrosine elevation, both following 35 GHz exposures [19,20]. Lowered male/female Both the lowered male fertility and lowered female fertility are fertility, elevated associated with and presumably caused by the oxidative stress in the spontaneous abortion, male and female reproductive organs. Spontaneous abortion is often lowered libido caused by chromosomal mutations, so the germ line mutations may have a causal role. Lowered libido may be caused by lowered estrogen, progesterone and testosterone levels. It seems likely that 20 HEARING COMMENT these explanations may be oversimplified. One additional mechanism that may be important in producing lowered fertility is that VGCC activation and consequent high [Ca2+]i levels is known to have a key role in avoiding polyspermy. Consequently,if this response is triggered before any fertilization of an egg has occurred, it may prevent any sperm from fertilizing and egg. Neurological/ Of all cells in the body,the neurons have the highest densities of neuropsychiatric VGCCs,due in part to the VGCC role and [Ca2+]i role in the release effects of every neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Calcium signaling regulates synaptic structure and function in 5 different ways,each likely to be involved here. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are both thought to have important roles. Lowered sleep and increased fatigue are likely to involve lowered nocturnal melatonin and increased nocturnal norepinephrine. Apoptosis Apoptosis can be produced by excessive Ca2+levels in the mitochondria and by double strand breaks in cellular DNA; it seems likely that both of these mechanisms are involved following EMF exposure. A third mechanism for triggering apopotosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress(see bottom row in this Table), may also be involved. Cellular DNA damage Cellular DNA damage is produced by the free radical breakdown products of peroxynitrite directly attacking the DNA [7]. Changes in non-steroid The release of non-steroid hormones is produced by VGCC hormone levels activation and [Ca2+]i elevation. The immediate effects of EMF exposures is to increase hormone release and to raise, therefore, hormone levels. However many hormone systems become "exhausted" as a consequence of chronic EMF exposures. The mechanism of exhaustion is still uncertain,but it may involve oxidative stress and inflammation. Lowered steroid hormone Steroid hormones are synthesized through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes; activity of these hormones is inhibited by binding of high levels of nitric oxide (NO) leading to lowered hormone synthesis. Calcium overload Produced by excessive activity of the VGCCs; secondary calcium overload is produced by oxidative stress activation of TRPVI, TRPM2 and possibly some other TRP receptors,opening the calcium channel of these receptors. Heat shock protein There is a large literature showing that excessive [Ca2+]i induces induction very large increases in heat shock proteins. This is thought to be produced by complex calcium signaling changes involving the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and the cytosol and also involving excessive [Ca2+]i producing increasing protein misfolding [21-23]. It should be noted that some calcium is essential for proper protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum such that only excessive calcium leads to misfolding and consequent endoplasmic reticulum stress. Each of the seven established EMF effects,discussed above,can be generated through the mechanisms outlined in Fig. 1, as shown by Table 1.An eighth,heat shock protein induction can also be so explained (Table 1).Several other such effects, including EMF causation of 21 HEARING COMMENT cataracts,breakdown of the blood-brain barrier,lowered nocturnal melatonin are also so explained,as discussed earlier[5].The primary mechanism for therapeutic effects was discussed in [4,24,25] and was also shown to be generated via such VGCC downstream effects.Fifteen mechanisms for EMF cancer causation are described in ref[7]; these are far too complex to describe in this document so the reader is referred to ref[7]. It can be seen, in summary, that we are far beyond the issue whether there are non-thermal EMF effects.Rather many researchers have identified many established effects of EMF exposure. The main direct targets of non-thermal EMF exposure, the VGCCs have also been identified and how these get activated by EMF exposure acting on the VGCC voltage-sensor has also been determined.And finally we have identified how a wide variety of these effects can be generated via downstream effects produced by such VGCC activation. Our current safety guidelines are based only on heating (thermal) effects, Heating is produced predominantly by forces on singly charged groups in the aqueous phases of the cell but the forces on the voltage sensor are approximately 7.2 million times higher. Therefore, our current safety guidelines are allowing us to be exposed to EMFs that are approximately 7.2 million times too strong. That 7.2 million figure is somewhat similar to the estimate given by the Bioinitiative Report and by the Building Biologists,based on completely different considerations. It should be obvious, that non-thermal EMFs: 1. Attack our nervous systems including our brains leading to widespread neuropsychiatric effects and possibly many other effects. This nervous system attack is of great concern. 2. Attack our endocrine(that is hormonal)systems. In this context, the main things that make us functionally different from single celled creatures are our nervous system and our endocrine systems—even a simple planaria worm needs both of these. Thus the consequences of the disruption of these two regulatory systems is immense, such that it is a travesty to ignore these findings. 3. Produce oxidative stress and free radical damage, which have central roles in all common chronic diseases. 4. Attack the DNA of our cells,producing single strand and double strand breaks in cellular DNA and oxidized bases in our cellular DNA. These in turn produce both cancer and mutations in germ line cells with germ line mutations producing mutations impacting future generations. 5. Produce elevated levels of apoptosis(programmed cell death),events especially important in causing both neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. 6. Lower male and female fertility, lowered sex hormones,lowered libido, increased levels of spontaneous abortion and, as already stated, attacks on the DNA in sperm cells. 7. Produce excessive intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and increased calcium signaling. 8. Act in the cells of our bodies via 15 different mechanisms to cause cancer. By attacking all of these important systems in the body, EMFs attack everything we care about including our health (in many ways), our reproductive systems, the integrity of our genomes and our ability to produce healthy offspring. There are 79 different reviews listed at the end of Chapter 1, with each documenting the existence of one or more of these various non-thermal EMF effects. What, then, do the two organization reports that the EU authorities and U.S. authorities rely upon, ICNIRP and SCENIHR 2015, have to say about these independent reviews. The answer is absolutely nothing! Neither one of them 22 HEARING COMMENT uses any of these independent reviews to assess EMF effects. This whole area is discussed in much more detail in Chapter 5, below. Chapter 3, Strong Evidence for Cumulative and Irreversible EMF Effects Two questions that must be raised about the effects of these low-intensity EMFs producing biological effects is are they cumulative and are they reversible? I am aware of several different types of evidence for cumulative effects and also for irreversible effects. Three of the human occupational exposure studies from the 1970's reviewed in the Raines, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) study [26],showed that effects increased substantially with increasing time of exposure to a particular type and intensity of EMF. While these three studies each show cumulative effects but they provide no data on possible irreversibility of these neurological/neuropsychiatric effects. However the largest review of such occupational exposures(Hecht [28]) does provide substantial evidence on the cumulative nature and irreversibility of these neurological/neuropsychiatric effects. Hecht [28]reviewed 60 different studies of occupational exposures that were done between 1960 and 1990 in the Soviet Union and East Germany. These were occupational exposure studies of over 3500 people, who were exposed to microwave frequency EMFs at intensities of less than 1/1000`'of our safety guidelines. These studies [28] found that these EMFs produced neuropsychiatric effects similar to those found in my much more recent study [3], listed in Chapter 1 as well as on cardiac effects. Neither the neuropsychiatric findings nor the cardiac findings were unique however. Similar neuropsychiatric effects have been found to be caused by low intensity EMF exposures [27,29-34]. Cardiac effects have also been found in humans [26,29,30,32,34,35] similar to those found by Hecht [28]. Hecht [28] reports that exposures at those very low intensities for up to 3 years produced increased sympathetic nervous system activity,apparently in response to the EMF stress, following the classic stress sequence described by Hans Selye in 1953. No other effects were apparent during this circa 3 year period. However longer exposure produced observable neurological/neuropsychiatric and cardiac effects as well as other effects which were initially modest. Exposures of 3 to 5 years typically produced effects that could be largely reversed after 2 to 3 years in a no-EMF exposure environment. Hecht states that"if detected early, effective therapy is possible."However longer than 4 to 5 years exposures produced more severe effects which did not reverse when the persons were subsequently put into a no-EMF exposure environment. These and other effects continued to worsen with 10 years of exposure or longer. This cumulative nature of such EMF exposures was noted in two earlier reviews cited by Hecht et al [36,37]. These studies, then, provide very large amounts of evidence both for the cumulative nature of these neuropsychiatric effects, as well as the apparent irreversibility of these effects as they become more severe. Hecht also notes that"decline in health status increasingly amplifies EMF effects." This a pattern of increasing apparent sensitivity produced by previous exposure is similar to that described in the Western literature on electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), something that Hecht recognizes [28]. EHS something that is discussed very briefly below in this section. There are strong similarities between the Hecht [28] findings on microwave frequency EMFs in humans and the impacts of such EMFs on cellular and organ histology in rodents, as were reviewed in Tolgskaya and Gordon [38] and discussed in Pall [3]. In rodents, initially non- thermal exposures over periods of 1 to 2 months produced modest changes in structure of the brain and of the neurons. When such exposures ceased, most of the structural changes 23 HEARING COMMENT disappeared—that is the changes were largely reversed when the animals were placed back into a no-EMF environment. However more months of exposure produced much more severe impacts on brain and neuronal structure and these were irreversible [38, 3]. More recent, Western country and other country studies cited in [3], provide much further support for brain impacts similar to those found in Soviet and also other country brain studies reviewed by Tolgskaya and Gordon[38]. Tolgskaya and Gordon [38,3] also reported findings that in histological studies, the nervous system was the most sensitive organ in the body, followed closely by effects on the heart and the testis,although many other organs were also impacted. Thus, the Tolgskaya and Gordon review [38,3] provides very important support for the findings of neurological/neuropsychiatric effects, the cardiac effects,discussed immediately above and below, and the reproductive effects discussed in Chapter 1. By comparing the animal studies with the human studies,one can see the striking similarities, with the major difference being that the effects in rodents are much more rapid than the effects on humans. Given the much higher metabolic rates in rodents and much lower life spans in rodents, the timing difference is not surprising. With regard to the issues of cumulative nature and irreversibility, both rodent and human studies provide strong support for both neurological and neuropsychiatric effects showing both cumulative nature and irreversibility and show a similar pattern of cumulative effects with the cardiac effects. What are the cardiac effects discussed briefly above,that are produced by non-thermal microwave frequency EMF exposures?The effects include tachycardia(rapid heartbeat)where some people with apparent EHS,on blinded exposure to cordless phone radiation have instantaneous tachycardia,an effect that is also essentially instantaneously reversible on cessation of exposure[28,35,36}. So tachycardia can be an almost instantaneous response to EMFs and it is sometimes also found with arrhythmia. Prolonged exposures produce both arrhythmias and bradycardia(slow heart beat) [26-30,32}_Similar EMF cardiac effect s were seen n in animal studies,with the earliest of these going back to the late 1960s. Some of the early studies on long-term EMF cardiac effects are listed in Table 2,below. They show that such chronic exposures produce bradycardia and sometimes arrhythmia. The early Soviet studies(labeled USSR)reported similar findings to those found in the western studies (Table 2). Table 2. Chronic Exposure,Non-Thermal EMF Cardiac Effects from NASA Review [261 Study Effects Reported Schwan 1977 Cardiology changes Dwyer 1978 Bradycardia, hypotension Sadicikova Bradycardia, hypo&hypertension,cardiac pain, systolic murmur (USSR) Kalyada(USSR) "cardiovascular changes" Sadichikova Changes in cardiovascular system (USSR) Pressman 1970 QRS interval in ECG increased(bradycardia),also arrhythmia Domanski(USSR) Bradycardia,hypotension,ECG changes (shows both bradycardia and arrhythmia) Lerner(1980) Bradycardia Stuchley(1978) Bradycardia(measured in 2 ways), hyper&hypotension, cardiac pain, systolic murmur. Arrhythmias, especially when they are accompanied by bradycardia,are often associated with sudden cardiac death. We are having an epidemic of young, apparently healthy athletes dying in 24 HEARING COMMENT the middle of an athletic competition of apparent sudden cardiac death, which may,therefore be possibly caused by EMF exposures [391. Some of these individuals have been saved from death [391 and subsequently found to be suffering from bradycardia and arrhythmias.Another type of cardiac effect is that when apparent EHS people are exposed to Wi-Fi,cell phone,cell phone tower or smart meter radiation,they are reported to suffer from heart palpitations.Each of these four types of cardiac effects,tachycardia,arrhythmias,bradycardia and heart palpitations involve aberrations in the electrical control of the heartbeat,How can these be produced? The heartbeat is controlled by pacemaker cells in what is called the sino-atrial node of the heart. Those pacemaker cells have been shown to have very high densities of the T-type VGCCs which may make these cells particularly susceptible to direct effects of the EMFs(recall that EMFs act via VGCC activation). The T-type and the L-type VGCCs have essential roles in controlling the heartbeat.It follows that EMF exposures,acting directly on the pacemaker cells of the heart,can produce tachycardia responses.Furthermore,gene mutations in a VGCC gene that produce increased VGCC activity can produce both tachycardia and arrhythmia in young babies carrying those mutations;these young children die of sudden cardiac death at a very young age.How then do we get bradycardia?Bradycardia is produced when EMFs chronically impact the sino-atrial node,such that the dysfunction involved in heart failure,which is very complex,produces dysfunction of the pacemaker cells of the heart,producing bradycardia[40]. It follows from this that EMF-produced bradycardia and chronic arrhythmias are likely to be caused by heart-failure-like changes that particularly impact the sino-atrial node of the heart, including the tissue remodeling found in heart failure.This model has been confirmed by the findings of Liu et al pi], who found that pulsed microwave frequency EMF produced tissue remodeling that specifically impacted the sino-atrial node of the heart with remodeling changes similar to those found in heart failure[40]. Heart failure develops in a cumulative fashion and, based on current medicine at least,is an irreversible process involving tissue remodeling and a large number of other biochemical and physiological changes [41]. It seems likely,therefore, that the EMF effects on the heart are both cumulative and irreversible. You will recall, from the discussion at the beginning of Chapter 1,that there are 18 reviews documenting that EMF produces lowered fertility. These act via diverse mechanisms. These include tissue remodeling changes in the testis, lowered sperm count and sperm quality, lowered female fertility including ovary remodeling and oocyte apoptosis, lowered estrogen,progesterone and testosterone levels(that is sex hormone levels),increased spontaneous abortion incidence, and lowered libido. We already have sperm count drops to below 50% of normal in every technologically advanced country on earth[1]. We also have fertility drops to well below replacement levels in every technologically advanced country on earth,with one exception. Clinical observations argue that while there are sometimes technical fixes that allow some reproduction,infertility appears to be inherently irreversible. The Magras and Xenos {2} in mice, also discussed in Chapter 1 shows that radiofrequency radiation exposures well below our safety guidelines,produce immediate drops in mouse reproduction in the first litter. Further exposures to the same EMF levels produced a crash in reproduction essentially to zero,a crash that appeared to be essentially irreversible. We don't know that humans will behave very similarly to mice. We do know that the EMFs produce the diverse effects on human reproduction listed in the previous paragraph. My prediction is that even if exposures level off where they are now,we will start seeing crashes in reproduction within about 5 years. If we go ahead with 5G,that crash may be almost instantaneous. 25 HEARING COMMENT Mutation accumulation produced by cellular DNA damage is likely to be both cumulative and irreversible,as well, because later mutations are highly unlikely to reverse previously occurring mutations. It has been estimated that all we need to have is an increase in germ line mutation of 2 `/2 to 3-fold, to become over time, extinct from the very high levels of mutations in each newborn. From the high levels of DNA damage produced in human sperm from common EMF exposures, we may be already well above that level. It follows from this that we already face four existential threats produced by microwave frequency EMF exposures to the survival of every technologically advanced society on earth: 1. Cumulative and irreversible neurological/neuropsychiatric effects. 2. Cumulative and irreversible reproductive effects. 3. Cumulative and irreversible cardiac effects, leading to sudden cardiac death. 4. DNA effects in germ line, including sperm cells, leading to major impacts on our gene pool and high mutation frequencies. Any one of these can destroy us onits own and with the ever increasing exposures and especially the vast increases in exposure that the 5G rollout will inevitably produce, that destruction is likely to be imminent. These don't even take into consideration the cancer effects, the hormonal effects or other effects produced by increased oxidative stress or increased apoptotic cell death. There is extraordinary evidence for each of these effects of EMF exposure, which have been repeatedly documented in the reviews listed in Chapter 1. The following information is derived from an abstract that I used for a talk at the Neuroscience 2016 meeting in Los Angeles, a meeting that was focused on Alzheimer's disease and similar dementias. The discussion here raises the question of whether Alzheimer's and other dementias may be still another set of irreversible diseases where cumulative effects of microwave frequency EMFs may have important causal roles. Dementias and other types of neurological deaths have had unexplained rapid recent increases [42-44]. The parallel between these increases and the increases in cell phone and other EMF exposures suggested that such exposures may cause dementia increases [45]. Reports show people circa age 30 developing Alzheimer's or other very early onset dementias and even younger people are reported to develop digital dementias, dementias caused by heavy use of digital devices [46-48]. One of the questions being raised here, is whether digital dementias are caused, at least in part,by the EMF exposures produced by these digital devices and the Wi-Fi fields involved in their usage,rather than solely by such things as screen time, as is often assumed. As you have seen in chapter 2, microwave and lower frequency EMFs act via activation of the VGCCs, leading to increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and downstream effects including increased Ca2+ signaling,NO, superoxide, peroxynitrite, free radicals, oxidative stress,NF-kappaB and mitochondrial dysfunction. Each of these downstream effects have been shown to have important roles in causing Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases [49-51]. These all suggest plausible mechanisms for action for EMFs causing Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore the amyloid-beta protein (A[3) which has an specific role in causing Alzheimer's disease, is produced in increasing amounts by elevated [Ca2+]i, and small A[3 aggregates form Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane and aggregates also raise [Ca2+]i via increased VGCC and RYRr activity, suggesting a vicious cycle between A[3 and [Ca2+]i in Alzheimer's disease. This argues that increased intracellular calcium levels,produced by the EMFs increases A[3 and increased A[3 increases intracellular calcium, in what may be the central mechanism in causing Alzheimer's disease. 26 7 HEARING COMMENT Four rodent studies support an EMF role in Alzheimer's disease. A series of short pulses of EMFs in young rats,produced the following in the equivalent of middle aged rats: elevated brain Af3 and oxidative stress; lowered cognition and memory [52,53]. 900 MHz exposures produces oxidative stress, increased AR and lowered miR-107, all found in Alzheimer's disease brains [52- 55]. There are many animal studies showing roles for [Ca2+]i through both VGCCs and RYRs in causing Alzheimer's disease in rodent models; these include studies with calcium channel blockers and studies of transgenic mice with varying VGCC and RYR expression. Very low EMF exposures can produce,however,protective responses [56,57];this is not surprising because EMF therapy is thought to act via NO signaling and protein kinase G(see Fig.1, Chapter 2)and this pathway is reported to protect from Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure of humans of 50/60 Hz EMFs, which also act via VGCC activation, can cause elevated Alzheimer's disease incidence [58,59]. Interestingly, a 1997 article in Microwave News, discussing two such epidemiological findings on EMFs and Alzheimer's disease in humans, found that occupational exposures to EMFs produced as much as a four-fold increase in Alzheimer's disease[59A]. That same article [59A] suggested a similar mechanism to the mechanism suggested here,namely that increased [Ca2+]i following EMF exposure produces increases in AO. In conclusion, a wide range of studies support the view that low intensity microwave frequency exposures acting via VGCC activation and [Ca2+]i,can produce increases in AD and other causal factors of Alzheimer's disease in humans and in animals and EMFs have been shown to produce Alzheimer's effects in rats. These various findings on EMFs and Alzheimer's disease, the increasingly early onset of dementias and the occurrence of digital dementias, all suggest we may have another very high level threat caused by EMF exposures,possibly involving cumulative EMF effects and leading to severe, irreversible brain damage. Chapter 4 EMFs Including Wi-Fi May Be Particularly Damaging to Young People Most arguments that have been made that microwave frequency EMFs may be much more damaging to young children have centered on the much smaller skulls and skull thickness in young children, increasing the exposure of their brains to EMFs [60, 61]. However there are other arguments to be made. EMFs have been shown to be particularly active in producing effects on embryonic stem cells [62-71]. Because such stem cells occur at much higher cell densities in children, with stem cell densities the highest in the fetus and decreasing with increasing age [62, 63], impacts on young children are likely to be much higher than in adults. The decreased DNA repair and increased DNA damage following EMF exposure, in conjunction with the increased cell division in young children, strongly suggest that young children may be increasingly susceptible to cancer following such exposures [62-64, 71]. Two reviews discussed in the next chapter provide further evidence on higher cancer susceptibility of children. EMF action on stem cells may also cause young children to be particularly susceptible to disruption of brain development [66,71], something that may be relevant to autism causation. It is my belief that the role of[Ca2+]i in synapse development is also relevant to the possible EMF causation of autism. The Hecht review of Soviet occupational exposure studies [28] reports that"younger persons show a greater sensitivity to electromagnetic fields than adults." These are all very problematic issues and we cannot rule out the possibility that there are other problematic issues as well. Redmayne and Johansson [72] reviewed the literature showing that there are age- related effects, such that young people are more sensitive to EMF effects. It follows from these various findings that the placement of Wi-Fi into schools around the country and the not uncommon placing of cell phone towers on schools may well both be a high level threats to the health of our children as well being a threat to teachers and any very sensitive fetuses teachers 27 HEARING COMMENT may be carrying, as well. Mr. Barrie Trower, a retired military intelligence expert from the U.K. has been going around the world, at his expense, speaking against Wi-Fi in schools. His knowledge on this is based in part on classified information which he is unable to discuss, but has given him great concern. Chapter 5: The Importance of the SCENIHR 2015 Document and the Many Omissions, Flaws and Falsehoods in That Document One thing that I think we can all agree upon, is that the SCENIHR 2015 [73] document is an important document. The reason for its importance is that previous industry-friendly documents, and there have been many of them, have only reviewed very limited amounts of the literature on. EMF effects. Consequently all of these other documents are open to the criticism that they have cherry picked what little data they have chosen to discuss. SCENIHR 2015 [73] has a reference list of almost 48 pages in length, going from page 233 to 280. So it appears that SCENIHR 2015 may have done a much more thorough and defensible review of the literature. Our assessement of SCENIHR 2015 [73] is important because of the confidence expressed in this document both by Mr. Ryan and Dr.'Vinciunas and also by the U.S. National Cancer Institute. The question that is being raised here is whether SCENIHR 2015 is thorough and defensible or not. The Speit/Schwarz Controversy: How SCENIHR Has Put Out Seven Falsehoods in Support of the Industry Progaganda Position I am going to start by discussing a single particularly important issue from [73]. At the end of Table 5 in [73]. there is a claim that a 2013 study by Speit et al [74] was unable to replicate the findings of a 2008 study published by Schwarz et al [75]. In Table 5 they state further that Speit el al found "No effect on DNA integrity(MN)and DNA migration (comet); Repetition study of Schwarz et al, 2008." What is called loss of DNA integrity here, measured by formation of micronuclei(MN), is caused by the formation of double strand breaks in cellular DNA. The comet assay measures single strand breaks in cellular DNA. Schwarz et al[75] found strong evidence that there were large increases in both single strand and double strand breaks in cellular DNA following very low intensity exposures to a cell phone-like pulsed radiation,but SCENIHR claims that Speit et al [74] were unable to repeat the earlier study. Elsewhere (p.89, bottom) SCENIHR states that"By using the same exposure system and the same experimental protocols as the authors of the original study, they failed to confirm the results. They did not find any explanation for these conflicting results (Speit et al, 2013)." A careful examination of both [74] and [75] finds the following: 1. Speit et al [74] used a lymphocytic cell line, HL-60; Schwarz et al [75] studied human fibroblasts. This is a big difference because, as we have already said, different cell types behave differently. 2. Speit et al [74] used 1800 MHz radiation; Schwarz et al [75] used 1950 MHz radiation(the frequency of UMTS, also called 3G). Again we have a potentially important difference because effects are influenced by the frequency used. 3. Speit et al [74] used a continuous wave EMF; Schwarz et al [75] used a highly pulsed EMF, with high levels of both KHz and MHz pulsations to mimic the pulsation pattern of 3G cell phones. This is expected to produce very large differences between the two studies. 4. Speit et al [74] used a reverberation exposure chamber; Schwarz et al [75] did not use any exposure chamber. This could be another very large difference between the two studies, a difference that will be discussed toward the end of this chapter. 5. So where did the claim come from that Speit was trying to repeat the Schwarz study? Speit et al [74] says in their paper that they were trying to repeat another study(not Schwarz) that was described in a report but was never published. 6. Speit et al [74] do not even cite the Schwarz et al [75] paper, so obviously they did not intend to repeat Schwarz. We have then SCENIHR 2015 stating three 28 HEARING COMMENT multifaceted falsehoods that Speit et al [74] tried to repeat the earlier studies of Schwarz et al [75],that they were unable to repeat those Schwarz et al [75] studies and that they used identical methodology to that used by Schwarz et al [75]. In addition to those three are four underlying falsehoods—namely that the two studies used very different methodologies, notably differing in the cell type studied,differing in the frequency used, differing widely in the in pulsations used and differing in the use of an exposure chamber. Each of these falsehoods are SCENIHR's not Spelt et al[74]'s, each of them can be easily seen to be false by even a superficial reading of these two papers. As you might guess, there is a major story behind all of this. The very low intensity exposure used in the Schwarz et al [75] study produced large numbers of DNA breaks, larger than that produced by 1600 chest X-rays. This conclusion can be made by comparing the results of Schwarz et al [75] with the earlier study of Lutz and Adlkofer [76]. From this comparison, it seems clear that non-ionizing radiation similar to 3G radiation can be much more dangerous to the DNA of our cells than is a similar energy of ionizing radiation. When this was found,the industry went into attack mode, attacking the two Professors who collaborated in [75],Prof. Franz Adlkofer in Germany and Prof. Hugo Rudinger in Austria. The first couple of years of these attacks have been described in some detail on pp 117-131 in Dr. Devra Davis' book Disconnect [77]. Before the SCENIHR 2015 document was drafted, it was clear that the publishers who had published Adlkofer's and Rudinger's work, not just the Schwarz et al [75] study but other papers by the same research group, had long since rejected the industry propaganda claims. In addition. Adlkofer had won a lawsuit in the German courts against his main accuser. He has subsequently since won a second such lawsuit. The last paragraph on p.89 in SCENIHR 2015 is word for word industry propaganda. What is clear is that SCENIHR is wittingly or unwittingly serving as a propagandist for the industry in and that process, SCENIHR has no difficulty in putting forth seven obvious, individually important falsehoods. One question that needs to be raised is how is it possible for microwave frequency EMFs to produce much more cellular DNA damage than a comparable energy level of ionizing radiation? Both ionizing radiation and microwave/lower frequency EMFs act via free radicals to attack the DNA. If you examine Fig. 1,Chapter 2, you will see how low intensity microwave frequency EMFs can act(p. 20). The free radicals that attack the DNA are breakdown products peroxynitrite.. The sequence of events leading to those free radicals starts,of course with the extraordinarily high sensitivity of the VGCC voltage sensor to the electrical forces of the EMFs that open the VGCC calcium channels.Following that there are three steps in the process leading to peroxynitrite elevation each of which have high levels of amplification. The first of these is that when the VGCC channels are open, they allow the influx of about a million calcium ion per second into the cell. The second amplification is that elevated intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i activates the synthesis of both nitric oxide (NO)and superoxide. The third amplification is that the formation of peroxynitrite is proportional to the product of nitric oxide concentration times the superoxide concentration. When you have three sequential amplification mechanisms, you can get a very large response, in this case free radical attack on cellular DNA, from a very small initial signal. That is where much of the existential crises are coming are from, with EMFs threatening the survival of every technologically advanced country on earth. Going back to falsehoods perpetrated by SCENIHR regarding Speit/Schwarz, here are two possible interpretations for those seven falsehoods. One is that SCENIHR is simply an industry propaganda organ. The second is that we have a group of scientists (SCENIHR) who are largely incompetent and that it is just coincidence that these seven falsehoods serve the industry propaganda case. Either of these interpretations completely destroy the claims of confidence in 29 HEARING COMMENT SCENIHR that Mr. Ryan and Dr. Vinciunas made in the documents they wrote that were referred to in the Preface of this document. I have written here another 27 pages critiquing the SCENIHR 2015 [73] document. If you are already convinced that the SCENIHR claims that there are no established non-thermal EMF effects are false and that we have eight extremely well documented effects (Chapter 1) and that we have detailed mechanisms of how these effects are produced (Chapter 2), then I suggest you skip to the summary of Chapter 5 starting on p. 57 and then go on to the consider the U.S. situation in Chapter 6 and 5G in Chapter 7. If,however,you are not so convinced, you need to read the intervening 27 pages. 22 Reviews on EMF Effects,20 of Which Are Ignored by SCENIHR, Two of Which Are Discussed in [73] but Essentially Dismissed Now let's go on to consider how SCENIHR 2015 [73] considers the many independent reviews, listed in Chapter 1, which disagree with them and also fall into the 2009 through 2013 period that SCENIHR claims to have thoroughly considered. See Table 3. Table 3: 2009 to 2013 Reviews that Should Have Been Cited and Discussed in SCENIHR 2015 Citation Brief Summary What does SCENIHR 2015 say about it? [78] Khurana VG, Meta-analysis study of cell phone usage and brain Nothing. Teo C, Kundi M, cancer. The results indicate that using a cell phone for Review is not Hardell L, Carlberg M. >or= 10 years approximately doubles the risk of cited and not 2009 Cell phones and being diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same discussed. brain tumors: a review ("ipsilateral") side of the head preferred for cell phone including the long- use. The data achieve statistical significance for term epidemiologic glioma and acoustic neuroma but not for meningioma. data. Surg Neurol CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that there is 72:205-214. adequate epidemiologic evidence to suggest a link between prolonged cell phone usage and the development of an ipsilateral brain tumor. [79] Desai NR, Kesari This review identifies the plasma membrane as a target Nothing. KK, Agarwal A. 2009 of RF-EMW. In addition, the effects of RF-EMW on Review is not Pathophysiology of plasma membrane structures (i.e. NADH oxidase, cited and not cell phone radiation: phosphatidylserine, ornithine decarboxylase) and discussed. oxidative stress and voltage-gated calcium channels are discussed. We carcinogenesis with explore the disturbance in reactive oxygen species focus on the male (ROS) metabolism caused by RF-EMW and delineate reproductive system. NADH oxidase mediated ROS formation as playing a Reproduct Biol central role in oxidative stress (OS) due to cell phone Endocrinol 7:114. radiation (with a focus on the male reproductive system). This review also addresses: 1) the controversial effects of RF-EMW on mammalian cells and sperm DNA as well as its effect on apoptosis, 2) epidemiological, in vivo animal and in vitro studies on 30 HEARING COMMENT the effect of RF-EMW on male reproductive system. [80] Makker K, Effects of cell phone exposure on the cardiovascular Nothing. Varghese A, Desai system, sleep and cognitive function, as well as Review is not NR, Mouradi R, localized and general adverse effects, genotoxicity cited and not Agarwal A. 2009 potential,neurohormonal secretion and tumour discussed. Cell phones: modern induction. The proposed mechanisms by which cell man's nemesis? phones adversely affect various aspects of human Reprod Biomed health, and male fertility in particular, are explained, Online 18:148-157. and the emerging molecular techniques and approaches for elucidating the effects of mobile phone radiation on cellular physiology using high-throughput screening techniques, such as metabolomics and microarrays, are discussed. A novel study is described, which is looking at changes in semen parameters, oxidative stress markers and sperm DNA damage in semen samples exposed in vitro to cell phone radiation. [81] Ruediger HW. 101 publications are exploited which have studied Nothing. 2009 Genotoxic genotoxicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields Review is not effects of (RF-EMF) in vivo and in vitro. Of these 49 report a cited and not radiofrequency genotoxic effect and 42 do not. In addition, 8 studies discussed. electromagnetic fields. failed to detect an influence on the genetic material, Pathophysiology. but showed that RF-EMF enhanced the genotoxic 16:89-102. action of other chemical or physical agents. Variation in results may in part be explained by the different cellular systems and from the variety of analytical methods being used. Taking altogether there is ample evidence that RF-EMF can alter the genetic material of exposed cells in vivo and in vitro and in more than one way. This genotoxic action may be mediated by microthermal effects in cellular structures, formation of free radicals,or an interaction with DNA-repair mechanisms. [82] Phillips JL, Singh A major concern of the adverse effects of exposure to Nothing. NP, Lai H. 2009 non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF) is cancer Review is not Electromagnetic fields induction. Since the majority of cancers are initiated cited and not and DNA damage. by damage to a cell's genome, studies have been discussed. Pathophysiology carried out to investigate the effects of electromagnetic 16:79-88. fields on DNA and chromosomal structure. Additionally, DNA damage can lead to changes in cellular functions and cell death. Single cell gel electrophoresis, also known as the'comet assay', has been widely used in EMF research to determine DNA damage,reflected as single-strand breaks, double- strand breaks, and crosslinks. Studies have also been carried out to investigate chromosomal conformational changes and micronucleus formation in cells after exposure to EMF. This review describes the comet assay and its utility to qualitatively and quantitatively assess DNA damage,reviews studies that have 31 HEARING COMMENT investigated DNA strand breaks and other changes in DNA structure,and then discusses important lessons learned from our work in this area. [83] Davanipour Z, Extremely low frequency(ELF) and radio frequency Nothing. Sobel E. 2009 Long- (RF) magnetic fields (MFs)pervade our environment. Review is not term exposure to Whether or not these magnetic fields are associated cited and not magnetic fields and the with increased risk of serious diseases,e.g., cancers discussed. risks of Alzheimer's and Alzheimer's disease, is thus important when disease and breast developing a rational public policy. Our objective cancer: Further was to provide an unbiased review of the current biological research. knowledge and to provide our general and specific Pathophysiology conclusions. 16:149-156. RESULTS:The evidence indicates that long-term significant occupational exposure to ELF MF may certainly increase the risk of both Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer. There is now evidence that two relevant biological processes (increased production of amyloid beta and decreased production of melatonin) are influenced by high long-term ELF MF exposure that may lead to Alzheimer's disease. There is further evidence that one of these biological processes (decreased melatonin production) may also lead to breast cancer. Finally, there is evidence that exposures to RF MF and ELF MF have similar biological consequences. CONCLUSION: It is important to mitigate ELF and RF MF exposures through equipment design changes and environmental placement of electrical equipment. [84] Yakymenko I, Latest epidemiological data reveal a significant Nothing. Sidorik E. 2010 increase in risk of development of some types of Review is not Risks of tumors in chronic (over 10 years) users of mobile cited and not carcinogenesis from phone. It was detected a significant increase in discussed. electromagnetic incidence of brain tumors (glioma, acoustic neuroma, radiation and mobile meningioma), parotid gland tumor,seminoma in long- telephony devices. term users of mobile phone,especially in cases of Exp Oncol 32:729- ipsilateral use (case-control odds ratios from 1.3 up to 736. 6.1). Two epidemiological studies have indicated a significant increase of cancer incidence in people living close to the mobile telephony base station as compared with the population from distant area. These data raise a question of adequacy of modern safety limits of electromagnetic radiation(EMR) exposure for humans. For today the limits were based solely on the conception of thermal mechanism of biological effects of RF/MW radiation. Meantime the latest experimental data indicate the significant metabolic changes in living cell under the low-intensive(non- thermal) EMR exposure. Among reproducible biological effects of low-intensive MWs are reactive oxygen species overproduction, heat shock proteins 32 HEARING COMMENT expression, DNA damages,apoptosis. Practical steps must be done for reasonable limitation of excessive EMR exposure, along with the implementation of new safety limits of mobile telephony devices radiation, and new technological decisions, which would takeout the source of radiation from human brain. [85] Carpenter DO. Concern of health hazards from EMFs has increased as Nothing. 2010 Electromagnetic the use of cell phones and other wireless devices has Review is not fields and cancer: the grown in all segments of society, especially among cited and not cost of doing nothing. children. While there has been strong evidence for an discussed. Rev Environ Health association between leukemia and residential or 25:75-80. occupational exposure to ELF EMFs for many years, the standards in existence are not sufficiently stringent to protect from an increased risk of cancer. For RF EMFs, standards are set at levels designed to avoid tissue heating, in spite of convincing evidence of adverse biological effects at intensities too low to cause significant heating. Recent studies demonstrate elevations in rates of brain cancer and acoustic neuroma only on the side of the head where individuals used their cell phone. Individuals who begin exposure at younger ages are more vulnerable. These data indicate that the existing standards for radiofrequency exposure are not adequate. While there are many unanswered questions, the cost of doing nothing will result in an increasing number of people, many of them young, developing cancer. [86] Giuliani L, Contains entire articles on: 1. Influence of mobile Nothing. Soffritti M (Eds). phone radiation on cognitive function. 2. Impact of Review is not 2010 NON- DECT cordless phone radiation on heart rate cited and not THERMAL EFFECTS variability and on the autonomic nervous system. 3 & discussed. AND MECHANISMS 4. Two articles on the impact of radiofrequency OF INTERACTION radiation on the blood-brain barrier. 5 & 6. Two BETWEEN articles on microwave/radiofrequency radiation and ELECTROMAGNETI cancer causation. 7. Epidemiological studies of EMF C FIELDS AND impact on human reproduction. LIVING MATTER, RAMAZZINI INSTITUTE EUR. J. ONCOL. LIBRARY Volume 5,National Institute for the Study and Control of Cancer and Environmental Diseases"Bernardino Ramazzini"Bologna, Italy 2010, 400 page monograph. [87] Khurana, V.G., We identified a total of 10 epidemiological studies that Nothing. Hardell, L.,Everaert, assessed for putative health effects of mobile phone Review is not 33 HEARING COMMENT J.,Bortkiewicz, A., base stations (cell phone antennae). Seven of these cited and not Carlberg, M., Ahonen, studies explored the association between base station discussed. M. 2010 proximity and neurobehavioral effects and three Epidemiological investigated cancer. We found that eight of the 10 evidence for a health studies reported increased prevalence of adverse risk from mobile neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations phone base stations. living at distances < 500 meters from base stations. Int. J. Occup. Environ. None of the studies reported exposure above accepted Health 16, 263-267. international guidelines, suggesting that current guidelines may be inadequate in protecting the health of human populations. We believe that comprehensive epidemiological studies of long-term mobile phone base station exposure are urgently required to more definitively understand its health impact. [88] Levitt, B. B.,Lai, Both anecdotal reports and some epidemiology Nothing. H. 2010.Biological studies,reviewed in this study, have found headaches, Review is not effects from exposure skin rashes, sleep disturbances,depression, decreased cited and not to electromagnetic libido, increased rates of suicide, concentration discussed. radiation emitted by problems, dizziness, memory changes, increased risk cell tower base stations of cancer, tremors, and other neurophysiological and other antenna effects in populations near base stations. Cardiac arrays. Environ. Rev. effects were also reported. Symptoms reported may be 18, 369-395. classic microwave sickness, first described in 1978. doi.org/10.1139/A10- Nonionizing electromagnetic fields are among the 018 fastest growing forms of environmental pollution. Some extrapolations can be made from research other than epidemiology regarding biological effects from exposures at levels far below current exposure guidelines. [89] Kang N, Shang With the popularized use cell phones, more and more Nothing. XJ,Huang YF. 2010 concern has been aroused over the effects of their Review is not [Impact of cell phone radiation on human health, particularly on male cited and not radiation on male reproduction. Cell phone radiation may cause discussed. reproduction]. structural and functional injuries of the testis, Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue alteration of semen parameters, reduction of 16:1027-1030. epididymal sperm concentration and decline of male fertility. This article presents an overview on the impact of cell phone radiation on male reproduction. [90] Yakymenko, I., The carcinogenic effect of MW irradiation is typically Nothing. Sidorik, E., manifested after long term (up to 10 years and more) Review is not Kyrylenko, S., exposure. Nevertheless, even a year of operation of a cited and not Chekhun, V. 2011. powerful base transmitting station for mobile discussed. Long-term exposure to communication reportedly resulted in a dramatic microwave radiation increase of cancer incidence among population living provokes cancer nearby. In addition, model studies in rodents unveiled growth: evidences a significant increase in carcinogenesis after 17-24 from radars and months of MW exposure both in tumor-prone and mobile communication intact animals. To that, such metabolic changes, as systems. Exp. Oncol. overproduction of reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxi- 33(2), 62-70. 2-deoxyguanosine formation, or ornithine 34 HEARING COMMENT decarboxylase activation under exposure to low intensity MW confirm a stress impact of this factor on living cells. We also address the issue of standards for assessment of biological effects of irradiation. It is now becoming increasingly evident that assessment of biological effects of non-ionizing radiation based on physical(thermal)approach used in recommendations of current regulatory bodies, including the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP) Guidelines,requires urgent reevaluation. We conclude that recent data strongly point to the need for re-elaboration of the current safety limits for non-ionizing radiation using recently obtained knowledge. We also emphasize that the everyday exposure of both occupational and general public to MW radiation should be regulated based on a precautionary principles which imply maximum restriction of excessive exposure. [91] Yakimenko IL, Review is devoted to the analysis of biological effects Nothing. Sidorik EP, Tsybulin of microwaves. The results of last years'researches Review is not AS. 2011 [Metabolic indicated the potential risks of long-term low-level cited and not changes in cells under microwaves exposure for human health. The analysis discussed. electromagnetic of metabolic changes in living cells under the exposure radiation of mobile of microwaves from mobile communication systems communication indicates that this factor is stressful for cells. Among systems]. Ukr the reproducible effects of low-level microwave Biokhim Zh (1999). radiation are overexpression of heat shock proteins,an 2011 Mar- increase of reactive oxygen species level, an increase Apr;83(2):20-28. of intracellular Ca2+, damage of DNA, inhibition of DNA reparation, and induction of apoptosis. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK and stress- related kinases p38MAPK are involved in metabolic changes. Analysis of current data suggests that the concept of exceptionally thermal mechanism of biological effects of microwaves is not correct. In turn, this raises the question of the need to revaluation of modern electromagnetic standards based on thermal effects of non-ionizing radiation on biological systems. [92] Gye MC, Park The safety of human exposure to an ever-increasing Nothing. CJ. 2012 Effect of number and diversity of electromagnetic field (EMF) Review is not electromagnetic field sources both at work and at home has become a public cited and not exposure on the health issue. To date, many in vivo and in vitro studies discussed. reproductive system. have revealed that EMF exposure can alter cellular Clin Exp Reprod Med homeostasis, endocrine function,reproductive 39:1-9. function, and fetal development in animal systems. doi.org/10.5653/cerm. Reproductive parameters reported to be altered by 2012.39.1.1 EMF exposure include male germ cell death, the . Clin Exp Reprod estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, Med 39:1-9. reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, early doi.org/10.5653/term. embryonic development, and pregnancy success. At 35 HEARING COMMENT 2012.39.1.1 the cellular level, an increase in free radicals and [Ca(2+)]i may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition,protein misfolding, and DNA breaks. The effect of EMF exposure on reproductive function differs according to frequency and wave, strength(energy), and duration of exposure. In the present review, the effects of EMFs on reproductive function are summarized according to the types of EMF, wave type, strength, and duration of exposure at cellular and organism levels. [93] La Vignera S, The use of mobile phones is now widespread. A great Nothing. Condorelli RA,Vicari debate exists about the possible damage that the Review is not E, D'Agata R, radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) cited and not Calogero AE. 2012 emitted by mobile phones exerts on different organs discussed. Effects of the and apparatuses. The aim of this article was to review exposure to mobile the existing literature exploring the effects ofRF-EMR phones on male on the male reproductive function in experimental reproduction: a animals and humans. Studies have been conducted in review of the rats, mice,and rabbits using a similar design based literature.J Androl upon mobile phone RF exposure for variable lengths 33:350-356. of time. Together, the results of these studies have shown that RF-EMR decreases sperm count and motility and increases oxidative stress. In humans, 2 different experimental approaches have been followed: one has explored the effects of RF-EMR directly on spermatozoa and the other has evaluated the sperm parameters in men using or not using mobile phones. The results showed that human spermatozoa exposed to RF-EMR have decreased motility, morphometric abnormalities, and increased oxidative stress, whereas men using mobile phones have decreased sperm concentration, decreased motility (particularly rapid progressive motility), normal morphology, and decreased viability. These abnormalities seem to be directly related to the duration of mobile phone use. [94] Biointiative Sections on EMF effects: Nothing. Working Group, David SECTION 4: EVIDENCE FOR INADEQUACY OF Review is not Carpenter and Cindy THE STANDARDS cited and not Sage (eds). 2012 SECTION 5: EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTS ON GENE discussed. Bioinitiative 2012: A AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION rationale for SECTION 6: EVIDENCE FOR GENOTOXIC biologically-based EFFECTS —RFR AND ELF DNA DAMAGE exposure standards for SECTION 7: EVIDENCE FOR STRESS RESPONSE electromagnetic (STRESS PROTEINS) radiation._ SECTION 8: EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTS ON http://www.bioinitiativ IMMUNE FUNCTION e.org/participants/why- SECTION 9: EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTS ON we-care/ NEUROLOGY AND BEHAVIOR SECTION 10: EFFECTS OF EMF FROM WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UPON THE 36 HEARING COMMENT BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER SECTION 11: EVIDENCE FOR BRAIN TUMORS AND ACOUSTIC NEUROMAS SECTION 12: EVIDENCE FOR CHILDHOOD CANCERS (LEUKEMIA) SECTION 13: EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTS ON MELATONIN: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND BREAST CANCER SECTION 14: EVIDENCE FOR BREAST CANCER PROMOTION SECTION 15: EVIDENCE FOR DISRUPTION BY THE MODULATING SIGNAL SECTION 16: PLAUSIBLE GENETIC AND METABOLIC MECHANISMS FOR BIOEFFECTS OF VERY WEAK ELF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON LIVING TISSUE SECTION 17 EVIDENCE BASED ON EMF MEDICAL THERAPEUTICS SECTION 18: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION EFFECTS OF EMF SECTION 19: FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS OF EMF SECTION 20: FINDINGS IN AUTISM CONSISTENT WITH EMF AND RFR [4] Pall,ML. 2013. The direct targets of extremely low and microwave This was Electromagnetic fields frequency range electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in cited. Sole act via activation of producing non-thermal effects have not been clearly statement is: voltage-gated calcium established. However, studies in the literature, "(see Pall, channels to produce reviewed here,provide substantial support for such 2013 for a beneficial or adverse direct targets. Twenty-three studies have shown that review of effects. J Cell Mol voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs)produce studies Med 17:958-965. doi: these and other EMF effects, such that the L-type or suggesting 10.1111/jcmm.12088. other VGCC blockers block or greatly lower diverse effects EMF effects. Furthermore, the voltage-gated through properties of these channels may provide biophysically voltage-gated plausible mechanisms for EMF biological effects. calcium Downstream responses of such EMF exposures may channels)." be mediated through Ca(2+)/calmodulin stimulation None of the of nitric oxide synthesis. Potentially, important physiological/therapeutic responses may be largely as implications a result of nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G listed on the pathway stimulation. A well-studied example of such left are used an apparent therapeutic response, EMF stimulation of in any way in bone growth, appears to work along this pathway. the rest of the However,pathophysiological responses to EMFs may SCENIHR be as a result of nitric oxide-peroxynitrite-oxidative 2015 stress pathway of action. A single such well- document See documented example, EMF induction of DNA single- text for strand breaks in cells, as measured by alkaline comet further assays, is reviewed here. Such single-strand breaks are discussion.. 37 HEARING COMMENT known to be produced through the action of this pathway. Data on the mechanism of EMF induction of such breaks are limited; what data are available support this proposed mechanism. Other Ca(2+)- mediated regulatory changes, independent of nitric oxide, may also have roles. This article reviews,then, a substantially supported set of targets, VGCCs,whose stimulation produces non-thermal EMF responses by humans/higher animals with downstream effects involving Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide increases,which may explain therapeutic and pathophysiological effects. [95] Naziroglu M, The aim of the study was to discuss the mechanisms This was Ynksel M, Kose SA, and risk factors of EMR changes on reproductive listed on Ozkaya MO. 2013 functions and membrane oxidative biology in females p.285 under Recent reports of Wi- and males. It was reported that even chronic exposure Literature Fi and mobile phone- to EMR did not increase the risk of reproductive identified but induced radiation on functions such as increased levels of neoantigens not cited oxidative stress and abort. However,the results of some studies indicate SCENIHR reproductive signaling that EMR induced endometriosis and inflammation chose not to pathways in females and decreased the number of follicles in the ovarium cite or discuss and males. J Membr or uterus of rats. In studies with male rats, exposure this paper, Biol 246:869-875. caused degeneration in the seminiferous tubules, although they reduction in the number of Leydig cells and had identified testosterone production as well as increases in it. luteinizing hormone levels and apoptotic cells. In some cases of male and female infertility, increased levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and decreased values of antioxidants such as melatonin, vitamin E and glutathione peroxidase were reported in animals exposed to EMR. In conclusion, the results of current studies indicate that oxidative stress from exposure to Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced EMR is a significant mechanism affecting female and male reproductive systems. [96] Ledoigt G, The response of cells to different types of Nothing. Belpomme D. 2013 electromagnetic fields can be induced by low-level Review is not Cancer induction (athermal) high frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields cited and not molecular pathways (EMFs)exposure associated with mobile phone discussed. and HF-EMF technologies. irradiation. Adv Biol There are many examples of biological effects Chem 3:177-186. involving the epigenome. EMFs could trigger protein activation mediated by ligands, such as Ca2+,that alter the conformation of binding proteins, especially the NADPH plasmic membrane oxidase, so inducing increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may alter proteomic functions. Classical anti- apoptotic and procarcinogenic signaling pathways that are commonly found activated in human malignancies and in inflammation mainly involve the tran- 38 HEARING COMMENT scription factor NF-KB. The microenvironment that exists during chronic inflammation can contribute to cancer progression. The data support the proposition that long term HF-EMF exposure associated with improper use of cell phones can potentially cause cancer. [97] Hardell L, BACKGROUND: Wireless phones, i.e., mobile Nothing. Carlberg M. 2013 phones and cordless phones, emit radiofrequency Review is not Using the Hill electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) when used. An cited and not viewpoints from 1965 increased risk of brain tumors is a major concern. The discussed. for evaluating International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) The Hill strengths of evidence at the World Health Organization (WHO) evaluated criteria are of the risk for brain the carcinogenic effect to humans from RF-EMF in THE well- tumors associated with May 2011. It was concluded that RF-EMF is a group accepted way use of mobile and 2B, i.e., a"possible", human carcinogen. Bradford Hill of analyzing cordless phones. Rev gave a presidential address at the British Royal Society biological Environ Health 28:97- of Medicine in 1965 on the association or causation plausiblility 106. doi: that provides a helpful framework for evaluation of the of 10.1515/reveh-2013- brain tumor risk from RF-EMF. epidemiologic 0006. METHODS:All nine issues on causation according to al evidence. Hill were evaluated. Regarding wireless phones, only It is studies with long-term use were included. In addition, unacceptable laboratory studies and data on the incidence of brain for SCENIHR tumors were considered. not to RESULTS: The criteria on strength, consistency, consider this specificity, temporality, and biologic gradient for review when evidence of increased risk for glioma and acoustic attempting to neuroma were fulfilled. Additional evidence came analyze from plausibility and analogy based on laboratory epidemiologic studies. Regarding coherence, several studies show al evidence of increasing incidence of brain tumors, especially in the EMF cancer most exposed area. Support for the experiment came causation. from antioxidants that can alleviate the generation of reactive oxygen species involved in biologic effects, although a direct mechanism for brain tumor carcinogenesis has not been shown. In addition, the finding of no increased risk for brain tumors in subjects using the mobile phone only in a car with an external antenna is supportive evidence. Hill did not consider all the needed nine viewpoints to be essential requirements. CONCLUSION:Based on the Hill criteria, glioma and acoustic neuroma should be considered to be caused by RF-EMF emissions from wireless phones and regarded as carcinogenic to humans, classifying it as group 1 according to the IARC classification. Current guidelines for exposure need to be urgently revised. [98] Hardell L, The International Agency for Research on Cancer This paper is Carlberg M,Hansson (IARC) at WHO evaluation of the carcinogenic effect cited and Mild K. 2013 Use of of RF-EMF on humans took place during a 24-31 May discussed 39 HEARING COMMENT mobile phones and 2011 meeting at Lyon in France. The Working Group very briefly. cordless phones is consisted of 30 scientists and categorised the See text for associated with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile discussion. increased risk for phones, and from other devices that emit similar non- glioma and acoustic ionising electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF),as Group neuroma. 2B, i.e., a'possible', human carcinogen. The decision Pathophysiology on mobile phones was based mainly on the Hardell 2013;20(2):85-110. group of studies from Sweden and the IARC Interphone study. We give an overview of current epidemiological evidence for an increased risk for brain tumours including a meta-analysis of the Hardell group and Interphone results for mobile phone use. Results for cordless phones are lacking in Interphone. The meta-analysis gave for glioma in the most exposed part of the brain, the temporal lobe, odds ratio (OR)=1.71, 95%confidence interval(CI)=1.04-2:81 in the>10 years(>10 years in the Hardell group) latency group. Ipsilateral mobile phone use>1640h in total gave OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.56-3.37. The results for meningioma were OR=1.25, 95%CI=0.31-4.98 and OR=1.35, 95% CI=0.81-2.23,respectively. Regarding acoustic neuroma ipsilateral mobile phone use in the latency group>10 years gave OR=1.81, 95%CI=0.73- 4.45. For ipsilateral cumulative use>1640h OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.50-4.40 was obtained. Also use of cordless phones increased the risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma in the Hardell group studies. Survival of patients with glioma was analysed in the Hardell group studies yielding in the>10 years latency period hazard ratio (HR)=1.2, 95% CI=1.002-1.5 for use of wireless phones. This increased HR was based on results for astrocytoma WHO grade IV(glioblastoma multiforme). Decreased HR was found for low-grade astrocytoma, WHO grades I-II,which might be caused by RF-EMF exposure leading to tumour-associated symptoms and earlier detection and surgery with better prognosis. Some studies show increasing incidence of brain tumours whereas other studies do not. It is concluded that one should be careful using incidence data to dismiss results in analytical epidemiology. The IARC carcinogenic classification does not seem to have had any significant impact on governments' perceptions of their responsibilities to protect public health from this widespread source of radiation. [99] Davis DL, Kesari Mobile phones are two-way microwave radios that Nothing. S, Soskolne CL, Miller also emit low levels of electromagnetic radiation. Review is not AB, Stein Y. 2013 Inconsistent results have been published on potential cited and not Swedish review risks of brain tumors tied with mobile phone use as a discussed. strengthens grounds result of important methodological differences in study for concluding that design and statistical power. Some studies have 40 HEARING COMMENT radiation from cellular examined mobile phone users for periods of time that and cordless phones is are too short to detect an increased risk of brain a probable human cancer, while others have misclassified exposures by carcinogen. placing those with exposures to microwave radiation Pathophysiology from cordless phones in the control group, or failing to 20:123-129. attribute such exposures in the cases. In 2011,the World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)advised that electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone and other wireless devices constitutes a "possible human carcinogen," 2B. Recent analyses not considered in the IARC review that take into account these methodological shortcomings from a number of authors find that brain tumor risk is significantly elevated for those who have used mobile phones for at least a decade. Studies carried out in Sweden indicate that those who begin using either cordless or mobile phones regularly before age 20 have greater than a fourfold increased risk of ipsilateral glioma. Given that treatment for a single case of brain cancer can cost between$100,000 for radiation therapy alone and up to $1 million depending on drug costs,resources to address this illness are already in short supply and not universally available in either developing or developed countries. Significant additional shortages in oncology services are expected at the current growth of cancer. No other environmental carcinogen has produced evidence of an increased risk in just one decade. Empirical data have shown a difference in the dielectric properties of tissues as a function of age, mostly due to the higher water content in children's tissues. High resolution computerized models based on human imaging data suggest that children are indeed more susceptible to the effects of EMF exposure at microwave frequencies. If the increased brain cancer risk found in young users in these recent studies does apply at the global level, the gap between supply and demand for oncology services will continue to widen. Many nations,phone manufacturers,and expert groups, advise prevention in light of these concerns by taking the simple precaution of"distance" to minimize exposures to the brain and body. We note that brain cancer is the proverbial "tip of the iceberg"; the rest of the body is also showing effects other than cancers. Of these 22 reviews, 19 are found in the PubMed database, the most widely used medical database in the world, so there is no excuse for not discussing these 19, but only two of them were discussed (see below). With regard to the eight different types of effects that I consider established non-thermal EMF effects, each of them were reviewed in multiple studies described in Table 3 as follows: Cancer 12 reviews [78,82,83-87,90,94,96-98J; Oxidative stress/free 41 HEARING COMMENT radicals 8 reviews [79,80,84,90,92,-96]; Cellular DNA damage 10 review [4,79,80-82,84,90- 92,94]; Apoptosis/cell death 3 reviews [79,82,91]; Lowered fertility 7 reviews [80,86,89,92-95]; Neurological/neuropsychiatric effects 4 reviews [80,87,88,94]; Calcium overload 4 reviews [4,91,92,96]; Endocrine effects 2 reviews [92,95]. It is not clear why so many important reviews on effects are not found in SCENIHR 2015 [73]. What is perhaps surprising, is that these reviews also document many other effects,none of which are clearly acknowledged by SCENIHR. These include stress responses; breakdown of the blood-brain barrier; fetal and neonatal effects; therapeutic effects; Alzheimer's disease; increased nitric oxide; endometriosis; changes in protein levels (proteomics) and changes in gene expression;NF-kappaB elevation; increased suicide; changes in protein kinase activity including ERK and p32MAPK; mechanisms associated with oxidative stress including elevated NADPH/NADH oxidase increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymatic antioxidant activity, increased ornithine decarboxylase; and autism. It can be seen from this that the SCENIHR 2015 document seems to be systematically avoiding considering substantial bodies of evidence regarding a very large range of repeatedly reported EMF effects, each of which challenges the SCENIHR position that no effects are established. Three specific issues regarding apparent cancer causation by EMFs need to be discussed here. Five of these reviews each review a body of evidence showing that cancer rates are higher on the side of the head where people use their cell phones and cordless phones, the ipsilateral side, as opposed to the opposite side of the head,called the contralateral side [78,84,85,98,99]. These are very important studies because they are not likely to be affected by how complete the reporting data are, or whether there are affects produced by chemicals, ionizing radiation or other EMFs; each of these factors should not be specific for the side of the head impacted. The contralateral side of the head serves as a control that can be compared with the ipsilateral side of the head. What is strange about the SCENIHR 2015 document, is that it avoids discussing all of these data presented in these five reviews. That is even true for[98] which is discussed very briefly in SCENIHR 2015. Only one body of evidence from [98] is discussed in SCENIHR 2015 but several others are not discussed, including the two bodies of evidence which each find statistically significant rises in ipsilateral cancer as compared with contralateral cancer. The ipsilateral findings produce very strong arguments that cell phones and/or cordless phones do cause brain cancer in humans. The best evidence suggests that both cell phones and cordless phones do cause cancer. What does SCENIHR 2015 [73] say about ipsilateral cancer? [73] states, on p. 74 that"ORs for glioma were higher in subjects who reported phone use mostly on the same side of the head (ipsilateral) as their tumour than for use on the opposite side (contralateral). For meningioma, ORs for temporal lobe tumours were slightly lower than for other locations, while a similar pattern as for glioma of higher ipsilateral ORs compared to contralateral ORs was seen." On p. 76, SCENIHR states that"Afterwards, in an attempt to quantify the relationship, Interphone and the Hardell studies were analysed in a meta-analytical approach (Hardell et al., 2013a), an OR of 1.71 (CI: 1.04-2.81) was found for temporal glioma among ipsilateral mobile phone users of 10+years of use...." On p. 77,regarding a study designed to assess the reliability of self-reported cell phone usage in young brain cancer patients, a study not designed to assess ipsilateral effects in patients whose cancer cases may likely have been caused by cell phone usage, the SCENIHR 2015 document states"No clear patterns were seen when comparing ipsilateral and contralateral use." That is not surprising. It can be seen from this that 2 out of 3 studies that SCENIHR discussed argue that there is increased ipsilateral cancer and argue therefore that cell phones or cordless phones do cause cancer. Furthermore, they ignore large amounts of data, cited in [78,84,85,98,99] that provide further support for this view. When SCENIHR wishes to take the opposite position from that taken in these reviews, it is incumbent on SCENIHR to cite them, to discuss the data and opinion presented in those reviews and then and only then can they argue for their position. Having failed to do those things, SCENIHR loses credibility in any argument that they are doing what they can to protect our 42 HEARING COMMENT health. The same is true for all of the other effects where they similarly fail to cite large numbers of obviously relevant reviews, each arguing for various health effects produced by EMF exposures. Two other findings from these reviews are important in assessing EMF cancer causation. Refs. provide[85and 99] each evidence that younger people are more susceptible to cancer causation by EMFs than are adults. SCENIHR takes the opposite view but cannot argue credibly without considering those who differ. The other finding found in [97] is that the epidemiological evidence on cancer causation by microwave frequency EMFs satisfies most of the Hill criteria. The Hill criteria are THE well-accepted criteria that allow one to distinguish chance associations from causal roles in epidemiology. Because epidemiology is the main basis for the arguments that SCENIHR makes against the conclusion that EMFs cause cancer, it is essential that SCENIHR carefully examine the Hill criteria.They fail to do so. They also ignored this study where these criteria were examined and where it was concluded that the majority of the Hill criteria argue that EMFs do cause cancer. This again, undercuts any claim that SCENIHR has carefully considered critically important findings with regard to EMF health effects. There are several places in the SCENIHR 2015 document, where they state that no mechanisms have been identified by which claimed effects of EMFs can be produced. These can be found by searching the SCENIHR 2015 document using"mechanism" as the search term. However [4] clearly states that the VGCC activation mechanism triggered by EMF exposure can produce, via this mechanism,cellular DNA damaging effects,can produce therapeutic effects and can produce oxidative stress effects. It can be seen, therefore that SCENIHR has no problem making repeated claims that have been falsified by information that they presumably have examined. It also can be seen from this, that even in the cases where SCENIHR cites and very briefly discusses a review that disagrees with them, one can have no assurance that the information is used by SCENIHR in its assessment of health impacts. The causation of cellular DNA damage by EMFs acting via VGCC activation also has important implications with regard to cancer causation. Because almost all cases of cancer start with mutagenic DNA damage in the cell destined to become a cancer cell,this shows how EMFs can initiate the process of carcinogenesis. It is clear that the SCENIHR 2015 document neither cited nor discussed 20 out of 22 reviews that have documented non-thermal effects of EMFs. In addition, the most important findings of the two that were cited in the document were ignored in the document as well. Therefore SCENIHR has systematically avoided discussing the most important implications of reviews that fell into the time frame they purport to have studied and disagreed with SCENIHR on the existence of important effects. The question can be raised, however, as to whether the SCENIHR has done a better job in its consideration of primary literature citations. To answer that question, I am using a database of important primary literature, regarding effects of cell phone EMFs that we are commonly exposed to. 23 Genuine Cell Phone Studies,Each of Which Should Be Discussed in SCENIHR 2015,20 of Which Are Not. Panagopoulos et al [100] showed that whereas 46 out of 48 studies on genuine cell phone radiation showed health-related effects, the majority of studies on simulated cell phones reported no statistically significant effects. They [100] interpreted the difference of results as having been caused by the lowered pulsation rate of the"simulated" cell phone exposures. While I am sure that is part of the explanation, there may be other possible differences that are discussed later in this chapter. 43 HEARING COMMENT Of those 48 genuine cell phone studies, 23 fell into the time frame (Jan. 2009 through Dec. 2013) reviewed in SCENIHR, 2015. Because of the importance of cell phones and therefore cell phone radiation in our lives, I am using these 23 as a database of primary literature studies that should all be covered in the SCENIHR 2015 [73] document. How many of these 23 were reviewed and cited in SCENIHR 2015? The answer is four(17%)and I will discuss how each of them were discussed below. I have inserted 17 of these into Table 4 below, but six were left out, because they are easy to summarize. These six are all Drosophila studies,none of which were discussed in SCENIHR 2015 [73] but are easy to summarize. All six Drosophila studies were focused on lowered fertility following EMF exposure,with the majority of these focused on lowered female fertility. Four of the six found increased apoptosis following cell phone EMF exposaure and four of the six also found cellular DNA damage following exposure. These are important because of the similarities of each of these effects to effects found in mammals. They are also important because they found DNA damage in Drosophila eggs, whereas mammalian eggs no similar studies have been done because of the difficulty in doing so. Two of these six Drosophila studies, also identified a low intensity exposure window which produced much larger effects than did lower or higher intensities. These exposure windows make it difficult or impossible to predict EMF effects based on EMF intensities. However, the industry and industry friendly groups such as SCENIHR repeatedly make such false predictions. In mammals there are many studies showing DNA damage in sperm following EMF exposure. This DNA damage in germ line cells is particularly importance because of the importance of mutations passed onto progeny. Table 4 summarizes the other 17 genuine cell phone radiation findings that that SCENIHR 2015 [73] should be discussing, 15 of which were not discussed or cited in SCENIHR 2015. Table 4: Genuine Cell Phone Studies that Fell into the 2009 through 2013 SCENIHR 2015 period Citation studied Cell Phone Effects Reported SCENIHR comments 1. Mailankot M, The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Listed Kunnath AP, RF-EMR from mobile phones on free radical metabolism under Jayalekshmi H, and sperm quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: literature Koduru B, Valsalan Male albino Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old)were exposed identified R. 2009 Radio to RF-EMR from an active GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile but not frequency phone for 1 hour continuously per day for 28 days. cited. electromagnetic Controls were exposed to a mobile phone without a SCENIHR radiation(RF-EMR) battery for the same period. The phone was kept in a cage knew about from GSM with a wooden bottom in order to address concerns that this paper (0.9/1.8GHz) mobile the effects of exposure to the phone could be due to heat but decided phones induces emitted by the phone rather than to RF-EMR alone. not to oxidative stress and Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last exposure discuss it. reduces sperm and tissues of interest were harvested. RESULTS: One motility in rats. hour of exposure to the phone did not significantly change Clinics (Sao Paulo) facial temperature in either group of rats. No significant 64:561-565. difference was observed in total sperm count between controls and RF-EMR exposed groups. However, rats exposed to RF-EMR exhibited a significantly reduced percentage of motile sperm. Moreover, RF-EMR exposure resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and low GSH content in the testis and epididymis. 44 HEARING COMMENT CONCLUSION: Given the results of the present study, we speculate that RF-EMR from mobile phones negatively affects semen quality and may impair male fertility. 2. Gul A, Celebi H, The aim of this study was to investigate whether there Not cited Ugra S. 2009 The were any toxic effects of microwaves of cellular phones and not effects of microwave on ovaries in rats. METHODS: In this study, 82 female discussed emitted by cellular pups of rats, aged 21 days (43 in the study group and 39 in by phones on ovarian the control group) were used. Pregnant rats in the study SCENIHR. follicles in rats. Arch group were exposed to mobile phones that were placed Gynecol Obstet beneath the polypropylene cages during the whole period 280:729-733. doi: of pregnancy. The cage was free from all kinds of 10.1007/s00404-009- materials,which could affect electromagnetic fields. A 0972-9. mobile phone in a standby position for 11 h and 45 min was turned on to speech position for 15 min every 12 h and the battery was charged continuously. On the 21st day after the delivery, the female rat pups were killed and the right ovaries were removed. The volumes of the ovaries were measured and the number of follicles in every tenth section was counted. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that in the study group, the number of follicles was lower than that in the control group. The decreased number of follicles in pups exposed to mobile phone microwaves suggest that intrauterine exposure has toxic effects on ovaries. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the microwaves of mobile phones might decrease the number of follicles in rats by several known and, no doubt, countless unknown mechanisms. 3. Imge EB, Kilicoglu To evaluate effects of mobile phone use on brain tissue Not cited B, Devrim E, Cetin R, and a possible protective role of vitamin C. MATERIALS and not Durak I. 2010 AND METHODS: Forty female rats were divided into discussed Effects of mobile four groups randomly(Control, mobile phone, mobile by phone use on brain phone plus vitamin C and, vitamin C alone). The mobile SCENIHR. tissue from the rat phone group was exposed to a mobile phone signal and a possible (900 MHz), the mobile phone plus vitamin C group was protective role of exposed to a mobile phone signal(900 MHz) and treated vitamin C - a with vitamin C administered orally(per os). The vitamin preliminary study. C group was also treated with vitamin C per os for four Int J Radiat Biol weeks. Then, the animals were sacrificed and brain tissues 86:1044-1049. doi: were dissected to be used in the analyses of 10.3109/09553002.20 malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant potential (AOP), 10.501838. superoxide dismutase, catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5'nucleotidase(5'-NT). RESULTS: Mobile phone use caused an inhibition in 5'-NT and CAT activities as compared to the control group. GSH-Px activity and the MDA level were also found to be reduced in the mobile phone group but not significantly. Vitamin C caused a significant increase in the activity of GSH-Px and non-significant increase in the activities of 5'-NT, 45 HEARING COMMENT ADA and CAT enzymes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that vitamin C may play a protective role against detrimental effects of mobile phone radiation in brain tissue. 4. Sharma VP, Kumar Honeybee behaviour and biology has been affected by Not cited NR. 2010 Changes electrosmog since these insects have magnetite in their and not in honeybee behavior bodies discussed under the influence of which helps them in navigation. There are reports of by cell phone radiation. sudden disappearance of bee populations from honeybee SCENIHR. Curr Science 98: colonies. The reason is still not clear. We have compared 1376-1378. the performance of honeybees in cellphone radiation exposed and unexposed colonies. A significant(p < 0.05) decline in colony strength and in the egg laying rate of the queen was observed. The behaviour of exposed foragers was negatively influenced by the exposure, there was neither honey nor pollen in the colony at the end of the experiment. 5. Vecchio F, It has been reported that GSM electromagnetic fields Was cited Babiloni C, Ferreri F, (GSM-EMFs)of mobile phones modulate--after a and Buffo P, Cibelli G, prolonged exposure--inter-hemispheric synchronization of discussed— Curcio G, van temporal and frontal resting electroencephalographic see text. Dijkman S, Melgari (EEG)rhythms in normal young subjects [Vecchio et al., JM, Giambattistelli F, 2007]. Here we tested the hypothesis that this effect can Rossini PM. 2010 vary on physiological aging as a sign of changes in the Mobile phone functional organization of cortical neural synchronization. emission modulates METHODS: Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded inter-hemispheric in 16 healthy elderly subjects and 5 young subjects in the functional coupling of two conditions of the previous reference study. The GSM EEG alpha rhythms in device was turned on (45 min) in one condition and was elderly compared to turned off(45 min) in the other condition. Spectral young subjects. Clin coherence evaluated the inter-hemispheric synchronization Neurophysiol of EEG rhythms at the following bands: delta (about 2-4 121:163-171. doi: Hz),theta(about 4-6 Hz), alpha 1 (about 6-8 Hz), alpha 2 10.1016/j.clinph.2009 (about 8-10 Hz), and alpha 3 (about 10-12 Hz). The aging .11.002. effects were investigated comparing the inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in the elderly subjects vs. a young group formed by 15 young subjects(10 young subjects of the reference study; Vecchio et al., 2007). RESULTS: Compared with the young subjects, the elderly subjects showed a statistically significant(p<0.001) increment of the inter-hemispheric coherence of frontal and temporal alpha rhythms (about 8-12 Hz) during the GSM condition. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GSM-EMFs of a mobile phone affect inter-hemispheric synchronization of the dominant(alpha) EEG rhythms as a function of the physiological aging. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides further evidence that physiological aging is related to changes in the functional organization of cortical neural synchronization. 6. Kumar NR, The present study was carried out to find the effect of cell Not cited 46 HEARING COMMENT Sangwan S, Badotra phone radiations on various biomolecules in the adult and not P. 2011 Exposure to workers of Apis mellifera L. The results of the treated discussed cell phone radiations adults were analyzed and compared with the control. by produces biochemical Radiation from the cell phone influences honey bees' SCENIHR. changes in worker behavior and physiology. There was reduced motor honey bees. Toxicol activity of the worker bees on the comb initially, followed Int. 2011 by en masse migration and movement toward "talk mode" Jan;18(1):70-2. doi: cell phone. The initial quiet period was characterized by 10.4103/0971- rise in concentration of biomolecules including proteins, 6580.75869. carbohydrates and lipids, perhaps due to stimulation of body mechanism to fight the stressful condition created by the radiations. At later stages of exposure, there was a slight decline in the concentration of biomolecules probably because the body had adapted to the stimulus. 7. Favre D. 2011 Electromagnetic waves originating from mobile phones Not cited Mobile phone- were tested for potential effects on honeybee behavior. and not induced honeybee Mobile phone handsets were placed in the close vicinity of discussed worker piping. honeybees. The sound made by the bees was recorded and by Apidologie 42:270- analyzed. The audiograms and spectrograms revealed that SCENIHR. 279. active mobile phone handsets have a dramatic impact on the behavior of the bees, namely by inducing the worker piping signal. In natural conditions, worker piping either announces the swarming process of the bee colony or is a signal of a disturbed bee colony. 8. Cammaerts MC, The protozoan Paramecium caudatum was examined Listed Debeir 0, Cammaerts under normal conditions versus aside a switched-on GSM under R. 2011. Changes in telephone(900 MHz; 2 Watts). Exposed individuals literature Paramecium moved more slowly and more sinuously than usual. Their identified caudatum (protozoa) physiology was affected: they became broader,their but not near a switched-on cytopharynx appeared broader,their pulse vesicles had cited. GSM telephone. difficult in expelling their content outside the cell, their SCENIHR Electromagn Biol cilia less efficiently moved,and trichocysts became more knew about Med. 2011 visible. All these effects might result from some bad this paper Mar;30(1):57-66. doi: functioning or damage of the cellular membrane. The first but decided 10.3109/15368378.20 target of communication electromagnetic waves might not to 11.566778. thus be the cellular membrane. discuss it. 9. cam ST, Seyhan To analyze the short-term effects of radiofrequency Not cited N.2012 Single- radiation (RFR) exposure on genomic deoxyribonucleic and not strand DNA breaks in acid(DNA)of human hair root cells. SUBJECTS AND discussed human hair root cells METHODS: Hair samples were collected from eight by exposed to mobile healthy human subjects immediately before and after SCENIHR. phone radiation. Int J using a 900-MHz GSM (Global System for Mobile Radiat Biol 88:420- Communications) mobile phone for 15 and 30 min. 424. doi: Single-strand DNA breaks of hair root cells from the 10.3109/09553002.20 samples were determined using the 'comet assay'. 12.666005. RESULTS: The data showed that talking on a mobile phone for 15 or 30 min significantly increased(p <0.05) single-strand DNA breaks in cells of hair roots close to the phone. Comparing the 15-min and 30-min data using the paired t- 47 HEARING COMMENT test also showed that significantly more damages resulted after 30 min than after 15 min of phone use. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term exposure(15 and 30 min) to RFR(900-MHz) from a mobile phone caused a significant increase in DNA single-strand breaks in human hair root cells located around the ear which is used for the phone calls. 10. Vecchio F, It has been reported that GSM electromagnetic fields Was cited Tombini M, Buffo P, (GSM-EMFs)of mobile phones modulate -after a and Assenza G, Pellegrino prolonged exposure- inter-hemispheric synchronization of discussed— G, Benvenga A, temporal and frontal resting electroencephalographic see text. Babiloni C, Rossini (EEG)rhythms in normal young and elderly subjects PM. 2012 Mobile (Vecchio et al., 2007, 2010). Here we tested the phone emission hypothesis that this can be even more evident in epileptic increases inter- patients, who typically suffer from abnormal mechanisms hemispheric governing synchronization of rhythmic firing of cortical functional coupling of neurons. Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in electroencephalograp ten patients affected by focal epilepsy in real and sham hic a rhythms in exposure conditions. These data were compared with epileptic patients. Int those obtained from 15 age-matched normal subjects of J Psychophysiol the previous reference studies. The GSM device was 84:164-171. doi: turned on (45 min) in the "GSM" condition and was 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.20 turned off(45 min) in the other condition("sham"). The 12.02.002. mobile phone was always positioned on the left side in both patients and control subjects. Spectral coherence evaluated the inter-hemispheric synchronization of EEG rhythms at the following frequency bands: delta(about 2-4 Hz), theta(about 4-6 Hz), alphal (about 6-8 Hz), alpha2 (about 8-10 Hz), and alpha3 (about 10-12 Hz). The effects on the patients were investigated comparing the inter- hemispheric EEG coherence in the epileptic patients with the control group of subjects evaluated in the previous reference studies. Compared with the control subjects, epileptic patients showed a statistically significant higher inter-hemispheric coherence of temporal and frontal alpha rhythms(about 8-12 Hz) in the GSM than "Sham" condition. These results suggest that GSM-EMFs of mobile phone may affect inter-hemispheric synchronization of the dominant(alpha) EEG rhythms in epileptic patients. If confirmed by future studies on a larger group of epilepsy patients, the modulation of the inter-hemispheric alpha coherence due to the GSM-EMFs could have clinical implications and be related to changes in cognitive-motor function. 11. Al-Damegh MA. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the Listed 2012 Rat testicular possible effects of electromagnetic radiation from under impairment induced conventional cellular phone use on the oxidant and literature by electromagnetic antioxidant status in rat blood and testicular tissue and identified radiation from a determine the possible protective role of vitamins C and E but not conventional cellular in preventing the detrimental effects of electromagnetic cited. 48 HEARING COMMEN1 telephone and the radiation on the testes. SCENIHR protective effects of MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment groups knew about the antioxidants were exposed to an electromagnetic field, electromagnetic this paper vitamins C and E. field plus vitamin C (40 mg/kg/day)or electromagnetic but decided Clinics 67:785-792 field plus vitamin E (2.7 mg/kg/day). All groups were not to exposed to the same electromagnetic frequency for 15, 30, discuss it. and 60 min daily for two weeks. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules with a disorganized seminiferous tubule sperm cycle interruption in the electromagnetism-exposed group. The serum and testicular tissue conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and catalase activities increased 3-fold, whereas the total serum and testicular tissue glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels decreased 3-5 fold in the electromagnetism-exposed animals. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the adverse effect of the generated electromagnetic frequency had a negative impact on testicular architecture and enzymatic activity. This finding also indicated the possible role of vitamins C and E in mitigating the oxidative stress imposed on the testes and restoring normality to the testes. 12. Aldad TS, Gan G, NeurobehavioraI disorders are increasingly prevalent in Was cited Gao X-B, Taylor HS. children, however their etiology is not well understood. and 2012 Fetal An association between prenatal cellular telephone use discussed, radiofrequency and hyperactivity in children has been postulated, yet the see text. radiation from 800- direct effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure on 1900 MH-rated neurodevelopment remain unknown. Here we used a cellular telephone mouse model to demonstrate that in-utero radiofrequency affects exposure from cellular telephones does affect adult neurodevelopment behavior. Mice exposed in-utero were hyperactive and had and behavior in mice. impaired memory as determined using the object Scientific Rep 2, recognition, light/dark box and step-down assays. Whole article 312. cell patch clamp recordings of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs)revealed that these behavioral changes were due to altered neuronal developmental programming. Exposed mice had dose- responsive impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto layer V pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex. We present the first experimental evidence of neuropathology due to in-utero cellular telephone radiation. Further experiments are needed in humans or non-human primates to determine the risk of exposure during pregnancy. 13. Liu C, Gao P, Xu A mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line was Not cited SC, Wang Y, Chen exposed to a commercial mobile phone handset once and not CH, He MD, Yu ZP, every 20 min in standby, listen, dialed or dialing modes discussed Zhang L, Zhou Z. for 24 h. DNA damage was determined using an alkaline by 2013 Mobile phone comet assay. RESULTS: The levels of DNA damage SCENIHR. radiation induces were significantly increased following exposure to MPR mode-dependent in the listen, dialed and dialing modes. Moreover, there 49 HEARING COMMENT DNA damage in a were significantly higher increases in the dialed and mouse spermatocyte- dialing modes than in the listen mode. Interestingly, these derived cell line: a results were consistent with the radiation intensities of protective role of these modes. However,the DNA damage effects of MPR melatonin. Int J in the dialing mode were efficiently attenuated by Radiat Biol. 2013. melatonin pretreatment. 89: 993-1001. doi: CONCLUSIONS: These results regarding mode- 10.3109/09553002.20 dependent DNA damage have important implications for 13.811309. the safety of inappropriate mobile phone use by males of reproductive age and also suggest a simple preventive measure: Keeping mobile phones as far away from our body as possible, not only during conversations but during 'dialed'and 'dialing' operation modes. Since the 'dialed' mode is actually part of the standby mode, mobile phones should be kept at a safe distance from our body even during standby operation. Furthermore, the protective role of melatonin suggests that it may be a promising pharmacological candidate for preventing mobile phone use-related m reproductive impairments. P P 14. Koca 0, Gokge To investigate effects of electromagnetic radiation(EMR) Not cited AM, Ozturk MI, emitted by cell phones on the rat kidney tissue. and not Ercan F, Yurdakul N, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one male discussed Karaman MI. 2013 Albino rats were divided into 3 groups, each comprising 7 by Effects of intensive rats. Group 1 was exposed to a cell phone in speech mode SCENIHR. cell phone (Philips for 8 hours/day for 20 days and their kidneys were Genic 900) use on the removed. Group 2 was exposed to EMR for 20 days and rat kidney tissue. then their kidneys were removed after an interval of 20 Urol J. 2013 days. Cell phone used in the present study was Philips Spring;10:886-891. Genie 900,which has the highest specific absorption rate on the market. RESULTS: Light microscopic examination of the kidney tissues obtained from the first group of rats revealed glomerular damage, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, formation of large spaces between the tubules,tubular damage, perivascular edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The mean severity score was 4.64± 1.7 in group 1,4.50± 0.8 in group 2,and 0 in group 3. While there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P > .05), the mean severity scores of groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .001 for each). CONCLUSION: Considering the damage in rat kidney tissue caused by EMR-emitting cell phones, high-risk individuals should take protective measures. 15. Meo SA, Al Extensive use of mobile phones has been accompanied by Not cited Rubeaan K. 2013 a common public debate about possible adverse effects on and not Effects of exposure to human health. No study has been published so far to discussed electromagnetic field establish any association between the fastest growing by radiation (EMFR) innovation of mobile phone and fasting blood glucose. SCENIHR. generated by The aim was to determine the effects of exposure to activated mobile electromagnetic field radiation generated by mobile 50 HEARING COMMENT phones on fasting phones on fasting blood glucose in Wistar Albino rats. blood glucose. Int J MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 Male Albino rats Occup Med Environ (Wistar Strain) were divided into 5 equally numerous Health 26:235-241. groups. Group A served as the control one, group B doi: 10.2478/s13382- received mobile phone radiation for less than 15 min/day, 013-0107-1. group C: 15-30 min/day, group D: 31-45 min/day, and group E: 46-60 min/day for a total period of 3 months. Fasting blood glucose was determined by using Spectrophotometer and serum insulin by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA). The Homeostatic Model (HOMA-B) was applied for the assessment of f3-cell function and (HOMA-IR) for resistance to insulin. RESULTS: Wister Albino rats exposed to mobile phone radiation for longer than 15 min a day for a total period of 3 months had significantly higher fasting blood glucose(p <0.015)and serum insulin (p<0.01) compared to the control group. HOMA-IR for insulin resistance was significantly increased(p < 0.003)in the groups that were exposed for 15-30 and 46-60 min/day compared to the control rats. CONCLUSION:The results of the present study show an association between long-term exposure to activated mobile phones and increase in fasting blood glucose and serum insulin in Albino rats. 16. Tsybulin 0, Our study was designed to assess the effects of low Listed Sidorik E, Brieieva 0, intensity radiation of a GSM (Global System for Mobile under Buchynska L, communication) 900 MHz cellular phone on early literature Kyrylenko S, Henshel embryogenesis in dependence on the duration of exposure. identified D, Yakymenko I. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embryos of Japanese but not 2013 GSM 900 MHz Quails were exposed in ovo to GSM 900 MHz cellular cited. cellular phone phone radiation during initial 38 h of brooding or SCENIHR radiation can either alternatively during 158 h(120 h before brooding plus knew about stimulate or depress initial 38 h of brooding) discontinuously with 48 sec ON this paper early embryogenesis (average power density 0.25 µW/cm(2), specific but decided in Japanese quails absorption rate 3 µW/kg) followed by 12 sec OFF not to depending on the intervals. A number of differentiated somites were discuss it. duration of exposure. assessed microscopically. Possible DNA damage evoked Int J Radiat Biol by irradiation was assessed by an alkaline comet assay. 89:756-763. doi: RESULTS: Exposure to radiation from a GSM 900 MHz 10.3109/09553002.20 cellular phone led to a significantly altered number of 13.791408. differentiated somites. In embryos irradiated during 38 h the number of differentiated somites increased (p < 0.001), while in embryos irradiated during 158 h this number decreased (p< 0.05). The lower duration of exposure led to a significant (p <0.001) decrease in a level of DNA strand breaks in cells of 38-h embryos, while the higher duration of exposure resulted in a significant (p< 0.001) increase in DNA damage as compared to the control. CONCLUSION: Effects of GSM 900 MHz cellular phone radiation on early embryogenesis can be either stimulating or deleterious depending on the duration of exposure. 51 HEARING COMMENT 17. Luo Q,Jiang Y, To explore the possible adverse effects and search for cell Listed Jin M, Xu J,Huang phone electromagnetic field(EMF)-responsive proteins in under HF. 2013 Proteomic human early reproduction, a proteomics approach was literature analysis on the employed to investigate the changes in protein expression identified alteration of protein profile induced by cell phone EMF in human chorionic but not expression in the tissues of early pregnancy in vivo. METHODS: cited. early-stage placental Volunteer women about 50 days pregnant were exposed to SCENIHR villous tissue of EMF at the average absorption rate of 1.6 to 8.8 W/kg for knew about electromagnetic fields 1 hour with the irradiation device placed 10 cm away from this paper associated with cell the umbilicus at the midline of the abdomen. The changes but decided phone exposure. in protein profile were examined using 2-dimensional not to Reprod Sci 20:1055- electrophoresis (2-DE). discuss it. 1061. doi: RESULTS: Up to 15 spots have yielded significant change 10.1177/1933719112 at least 2- to 2.5-folds up or down compared to sham- 473660. exposed group. Twelve proteins were identified- procollagen-proline, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta,chain D crystal structure of human vitamin D-binding protein, thioredoxin-like 3, capping protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 alpha, calumenin, Catechol-O- methyltransferase protein, proteinase inhibitor 6(PI-6; SerpinB6)protein, 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase protein, chain B human erythrocyte 2,3- bisphosphoglycerate mutase,and nucleoprotein. CONCLUSION: Cell phone EMF might alter the protein profile of chorionic tissue of early pregnancy, during the most sensitive stage of the embryos. The exposure to EMF may cause adverse effects on cell proliferation and development of nervous system in early embryos. Furthermore, 2-DE coupled with mass spectrometry is a promising approach to elucidate the effects and search for new biomarkers for environmental toxic effects. If you look through the studies described in Table 4,you will see multiple studies in oxidative stress/free radical damage, on changes in tissue structure(sometimes called remodeling), on cellular DNA.damage, on male fertility (and also one on female fertility), on behavioral changes and on neurological changes. There is also one study on insulin/type 2 diabetes(hormonal effect). It follows from this that five of the effects that were extensively documented in large numbers of reviews (Chapter 1)are further demonstrated,as being caused be cell phone radiation, in these studies. In addition the tissue remodeling and proteomic changes discussed in Chapter 3 are also further demonstrated here. One question that needs to be raised with regard to SCENIHR is why so many clearly important primary literature studies of cell phone radiation (perhaps the most important source of human microwave irradiation)are not discussed in SCENIHR 2015. I will discuss certain particular articles that I think are particularly important for particular reasons. Subsequently, I will discuss the three articles that SCENIHR does discuss. One of the more interesting studies not discussed by SCENIHR, is#11 in Table 4. This was published by a woman scientist in Saudi Arabia. What it shows is that 15, 30 or 60 minutes per day of cell phone radiation disrupts the structure of the rat testis and also produces high levels of oxidative stress as shown by measuring 5 different markers of oxidative stress. Such studies have been done for several decades, with oxidative stress having been shown in many different organs 52 HEARING COMMENT following EMF exposures. What is particularly important in this study is that high levels of two different antioxidants, vitamin C and vitamin E, were each shown to produce substantial protection of the testis structure from the EMF effects while partially normalizing the oxidative stress elevation. What this clearly shows is that the oxidative stress causes the testis tissue disruption. So we don't just have evidence for two effects, testis disruption and oxidative stress but we have strong evidence that one causes the other. It is exactly these connections that are essential for the progression of the science! # 13 is another study not discussed by SCENIHR which is particularly important. It looks at cell phone radiation DNA damage produced in a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line. What it finds is that DNA damage is particularly high when the cell phone is in the dialed or dialing mode, as opposed to a listen mode. They also state that the radiation levels in the three modes correspond, at least roughly, to the DNA damage effects seen. They also show that pretreatment with melatonin(which is known to have antioxidant effects)greatly lowers the DNA damage produced by the cell phone EMF exposures. This is similar to the study discussed immediately above because it again shows that one effect,DNA damage is produced by another effect, namely oxidative stress/free radical elevation. You will recall that as discussed in Chapter 2, cellular DNA damage following EMF exposure is produced by the attacks by on the DNA by peroxynitrite derived free radicals. This study provides confirmation for that mechanism. #14 is another study not discussed by SCENIHR which is also particularly important. It looks at the impact of cell phone radiation on kidney structure of rats,using six different measures of kidney structure. There were two groups of rats that were exposed to cell phone radiation which were both compared with each other and with normal unexposed control rats. The two exposed groups differed from each other in one group the kidney structure was assessed immediately following the 20 day exposure period. The second exposure group was also exposed for 20 days but was given 20 days subsequently with no exposure to see if the kidney structure spontaneously recovered. There was no recovery seen in the second group, showing that the kidney damage was effectively irreversible. In Chapter 3, several tissue remodeling type effects produced by EMF exposure appeared to be irreversible. Study#14 may add an additional such effect to that list. #15 is another study not discussed by SCENIHR which is also particularly important. In this study control(unexposed)rats were compared with rats exposed to cell phone radiation for: less than 15 minutes per day, 15 to 30 minutes per day, 31 to 45 minutes per day or 45 to 60 minutes per day. Rats exposed to over 15 minutes per day of cell phone radiation showed type 2 diabetes onset-like effects, with higher fasting glucose levels and higher serum insulin levels. This appears to be, therefore a study showing important hormone dysfunction. It should be noted that the same research group has found similar changes in people living near cell phone towers [101]. Consequently, this is still another situation where findings in experimental animal studies appear to be directly applicable to humans. Of the papers that were discussed, it is my opinion that the Aldad et al paper(#12,Table 4) is perhaps the most important. The paper starts out discussing the very large increase in ADHD that we have had in recent years, an increase which suggests that one or more environmental changes must be involved. This paper is from a distinguished laboratory, Hugh Taylor's laboratory at Yale, and was published in one of the highly respected Nature journals and the paper, at this writing has been cited 89 times, showing a high level of scientific interest in it. The paper showed that prenatal exposure of pregnant mice to cell phone radiation produced three highly statistically significant changes in the adult mice. These were a decrease in measured memory function, increase in hyperactivity and increase in anxiety. They also showed that there was a dose dependent decrease in an important neurological parameter, the frequency of miniature 53 HEARING COMMENT excitatory postsynaptic currents, allowing the authors to conclude "that these behavioral changes were due to altered neuronal developmental programming."SCENIHR states the following about this study: "Neurodevelopment from a functional point of view was studied by Aldad et al.(2012) who exposed mice in utero and investigated them as adults for certain behavioural traits and electrophysiological characteristics. Exposure is poorly described but is reported to be to a muted telephone (900-1800 MHz) during the entire gestation period. After blinded investigations, the authors concluded that exposed animals displayed hyperactivity, memory deficiencies, decreased anxiety,and impaired glutamatergic transmission. Although the study employs relevant biological end-points, it cannot be used for any conclusions regarding pre-natal mobile phone exposure and functional development of the brain." SCENIHR fails to tell us why they claim the exposures were poorly described nor do they provide any reasoning on why "it cannot be used for any conclusions regarding pre-natal mobile phone exposure and development of the brain."It is hard to see how such results could be found unless there are substantial effects of pre-natal exposure. Because the study used genuine cell phone radiation, the effects seen are disturbing. It would be reasonable for SCENIHR to call for more studies of this type to see if they can be replicated. Having said that there have been five subsequent studies that I found where pre-natal mouse exposure to non-thermal EMFs produced substantial and somewhat similar adult neurological effects and or behavioral effects [102-106]. These five included exposures to Wi-Fi and to DECT (cordless phone) EMFs. These studies provide, then, strong evidence that prenatal exposures to EMFs can in animals,produce ADHD-like effects even into adulthood. They also show that during the late prenatal period, the developing brain is particularly sensitive to the effects of microwave frequency EMFs and raise the issue of how long after birth such sensitivity is also seen. It is common for SCENIHR and other industry friendly organizations to treat experimental studies as if they had the weaknesses of epidemiological studies. They don't because they can and do in these cases, directly demonstrate causation. In epidemiology, causation can be inferred but not directly demonstrated. What about epidemiological evidence with regard to EMF causation of ADHD? There are two such studies that each provide evidence for an association between prenatal cell phone exposures and development of ADHD [107,108]. SCENIHR knew about both of these, since it discusses one of them which is, in turn, based on the earlierone. Why then did SCENIHR not make the connection of those two studies with at Aldad study(#12 in Table 4)? That is of course an important failure, given that the Aldad study greatly strengthens the argument for EMF causation of ADHD. Given the current situation where there are a total of 6 studies showing that pre-natal EMF exposures, including cell phone, Wi-Fi and cordless phone EMFs can.cause ADHD-like effects in mice and two human epidemiological studies suggesting a similar mechanism in humans and the parallel between the huge increase in ADHD in humans and the huge increase in microwave frequency EMF exposures, is there any other type of evidence that supports a causal role for EMFs?It turns out there is. EMFs act primarily via VGCC activation (Chapter 20. Genetic polymorphism studies show that elevated VGCC activity has a role in causing ADHD [109], acting to a substantial extent prenatally. This is the way real science works. It is not the way that SCENIHR works. The Vecchio et al 2010 paper(#5, Table 4)was discussed in SCENIHR 2015 as follows: "A study by Vecchio et al. (2010) analysed age-dependent EMF effects on alpha activity in waking EEGs in 16 older(47-84 years)and 15 younger subjects (20-37 years). Participants were exposed to a GSM signal(902.40 MHz, modulation frequencies: 8.33 and 217 Hz) for 45 min with a maximum SAR of 0.5 W/kg emitted by a commercially available mobile phone which was set using a test card in a double-blind cross-over paradigm. EEG was recorded for 5 min prior to and following exposure at 19 electrodes. The authors found an increased inter-hemispheric coherence of frontal alpha EEG activity after GSM exposure which was statistically significant for the 54 HEARING COMMENT 1 e deny subjects but not for the young ones. This might point to a GSM EMF related inter- hemispheric synchronization of alpha rhythms as a function of physiological aging."Another related study (#by the same research group was also cited and discussed SCENIHR 2015 [73] as follows: "Vecchio et al. (2012a)used the same study design to investigate an exposure effect in patients with epilepsy. Data from 10 patients were compared to results from 15 age- matched controls from previous studies. Patients showed a statistically significant higher inter-hemispheric coherence of temporal and frontal alpha-rhythms under exposure as compared to control subjects. According to the authors, these results might indicate a GSM exposure effect on inter- hemispheric synchronization of the dominant(alpha)EEG rhythms in epileptic patients." What do I have to say about the two Vecchio studies? They are both based on an earlier 2007 study which showed that increased EEG coherence between the two hemispheres of the brain was produced by genuine cell phone EMF exposure. What the 2010 study(#5 in Table 4) shows is that the EMF-induced increased coherence is much higher in older adults than it is in younger adults. What the 2012 study (#10 in Table 4) shows is that the EMF-induced coherence seen in people with epilepsy is also much higher than in people without epilepsy. These three studies then provide large amounts of evidence for a neurological effect of cell phone radiation that is influenced by two variables, age and epilepsy. These findings should be looked at the context of the 23 reviews, listed in Chapter 1, each showing that EMFs produce both neurological and/or neuropsychiatric impacts on the brain. Here we have still another neurological effect, one that is influenced by age and epileptic condition. There are, then three important findings in these studies. One is that while we have had quite lot of evidence showing that children are more sensitive to EMF effects than adults, this is the first clear finding, to my knowledge, that suggests that older people may be more sensitive to a neurological effect. The linkage to epilepsy should not be surprising as some EHS people are reported to have seizures triggered by very low intensity EMF exposures. Finally, the communication between the two hemispheres of the brain has been known for over half a century to be through what is called the corpus callosum, a structure deeply buried in the middle of the brain, linking the two hemispheres. These effects increasing the coherence between the two hemispheres are probably produced, therefore, through the impact of the EMFs on the corpus callosum. That implies, in turn, that the EMFs act much more deeply in the brain than the industry claims is possible. The problem with SCENIHR is that it lives in a totally fictional universe where none of those EMF effect reviews exist or at least none of them have any relevance to the SCENIHR world. Neither of the two Vecchio et al studies, discussed in the previous two paragraphs, are used by SCENIHR [73] to make any conclusions about EMF effects or lack thereof—they are only cited in the quote that I gave you. We know that because because the citations are by author's last name and are, therefore easily searchable. Similarly, the Aldad et al(#12) study discussed two paragraphs further up, was also never cited except in the quotation given. So none of these three papers are used to assess any effects of EMFs or lack of effects. The same thing is true of the two reviews from Table 3 that were cited and discussed in [73]. They also were only cited in the quoted section and are never used to assess EMF effects or the mechanism of EMF action. As previously noted, there are several statements in SCENIHR 2015 [73] regarding lack of any available mechanism to explain claimed EMF effects, something that is directly contradicted by one of those cited and discussed reviews [4]. The consequence of all of that is that we have two very large and very consequential bodies of literature, the reviews on EMF effects and the literature on genuine cell phone radiation effects, which are entirely missing from any SCENIHR 2015 [73] conclusion. Is There Another Systematic Effort by Industry to Corrupt the Literature that Has Been Followed to Some Extent by SCENIHR? 55 HEARING COMMENT The important roles of pulsation, window effects, frequency, cell type and polarization in determining biological activity of EMFs were discussed in Chapter 1, where it was noted that SCENIHR fails to pay attention to any of these roles. That failure shows up in many places in the document. In Tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of SCENIHR 2015 [73],the discussion of each table centers on how many studies found apparent effects and how many did not. But these numbers are irrelevant to the issue of whether there are effects or not. In fact one can argue that the industry, knowing about the roles of each of these factors, could fund any number of studies designed to give apparent negative results just by manipulating these factors to minimize responses and by only studying tiny numbers of individuals to produce low statistical power. This approach closely describes the approach used in seven studies of what were claimed to be genuine Wi-Fi studies that were described by Foster and Moulder[110] in Table 4 of their paper. Those seven studies were shown [11] to all have used an EMF that was not genuine Wi-Fi, despite claims to the contrary. They each used one of two types of reverberation exposure chamber for their rodent exposures, with each type of chamber greatly lowering the polarization of the EMFs [11]and also generating some level of destructive interference from variable path lengths produced by the reverberations. Each of these changes from genuine Wi- Fi is predicted to lower effects. Foster and Moulder[110] concluded that there was no effect in any of these studies. However tiny numbers of rodents were studied, between 3 and 15 in each class, such that these studies have very low statistical power to conclude anything substantive. It is not possible to conclude no effect even with large studies. At most one can claim that there is no statistically significant evidence of an effect. With tiny numbers, a claim of no effect is complete nonsense. This problem with"no effect" claims is documented in a section of Rothman et al., Modern Epidemiology, 3rd Edition, a highly respected source of information, cited over 19,000 times according to the Google Scholar database. It states(p. 151,bottom) that: "A common misinterpretation of significance tests is that there no difference between two observed groups because the null test is not statistically significant, in that P is greater that the cutoff for declaring statistical significance (again, usually 0.05). This interpretation confuses a descriptive issue (whether two observed groups differ) with an inference about the superpopulation. The significance test refers only to the superpopulation, not the observed groups. To say that the difference is not statistically significant means only that one cannot reject the null hypothesis that the superpopulation groups are the same; it does not imply that the two groups are the same." All such claims of"no effect" are,therefore flawed. When they are made regarding very small studies with very low statistical power, they are particularly deeply flawed. Were these seven studies designed to fail? I don't think we can say for certain but they certainly look as if they may have been. They also raise the serious question about whether the industry may be corrupting the science, by using their knowledge of the roles of pulsation, window effects, frequency, cell type and polarization. The SCENIHR 2015 document has 127 places in the 221 pages of text where the term "no effect" was found(these can be easily found by searching the document using"no effect"for the search terms (that also picks up"no effects" statements. The first two of these 127 places are used properly, to describe the null hypothesis. Each of the other 125 should not be there, with each of those 125 overstating the case and therefore, improperly supporting the industry propaganda case. In any case, the only way to show that there are inconsistencies or conflicts in the EMF literature is to carefully repeat studies finding such effects, not to flood the literature with studies done under other conditions. The logic used throughout SCENIHR 2015 [73] of just counting numbers of studies is deeply flawed. 56 HEARING COMMENT Summary of Flaws in SCENIHR 2015 The first set of flaws, is that SCENIHR is perfectly willing to make statements which they know or should have known are false. The most egregious example of this is the Speit/Schwarz controversy described at the beginning of this chapter where there are seven clear falsehoods created by SCENIHR, each of which greatly strengthens the telecommunications industry propaganda positions. There are many others, described in this chapter that are substantive,but less egregious than the Speit/Schwarz falsehoods. There is a vast literature, both in the review literature and in the primary literature studies, that disagrees strongly with the SCENIHR positions and is completely ignored by SCENIHR. In a few cases, such studies are cited and very briefly discussed by SCENIHR but then they have no impact on the assessments that SCENIHR makes in the SCENIHR 2015 document [73]. In most cases, they are neither cited nor discussed. The situation here is similar to an organization that has two sets of books, the fake books that are used in public and then a genuine set of books that includes all of the data that are too inconvenient to be included in the fake set of books. The finally, we have three additional considerations which interact with each other to produce the completely bogus logic used by SCENIHR and by other organizations that have taken positions similar those taken by SCENIHR. One of those considerations comes from our knowledge that pulsation pattern, cell type,polarization and frequency can all influence biological effects and that there are exposure windows that produce much larger effects than are seen with either lower or higher intensities. Our knowledge of these factors mean that it is possible for the telecommunications industry to foster any number of studies where it is unlikely that statistically significant evidence of effects will be seen. I have presented examples where this may have been done. One of the most bizarre things about the SCENIHR 2015 document [73] is that there is a sentence on p. 101 where they state"In some of these cases,the effect seemed to be dependent on the cell type investigated and by the electromagnetic parameters applied(frequency, modulation)." Modulation and pulsation are the same thing. They know about these three factors and therefore, they know that these factors may explain differences in results obtained by different studies. But they still falsely assume that such differences imply inconsistencies in results and falsely assume that it makes sense to simply count apparent positive and apparent negative studies as a way of assessing whether there are effects or not. SCENIHR has often falsely stated that these studies show no effects as opposed to lack of statistical significance of any effects. SCENIHR 2015 document has 125 places where such bogus claims of"no effect"are found. They repeatedly claim the literature is inconsistent but studies done under different conditions are not inconsistent because they are more likely to be due to genuine biological heterogeneity of responses. The false logic described here is used, in turn, to support another highly pervasive false logic. I've documented where SCENIHR has simply counted numbers of studies showing so many findings of effects and some other number of findings of"no effect."But these numbers are meaningless, when the studies are done under different conditions and where the "no effect"numbers can easily be inflated by studies designed to produce such results. They are also, of course, meaningless, when large numbers of studies that show effects are eliminated by SCENIHR by the simple process of pretending they don't exist. You can see from this, that the entire logical framework behind the SCENIHR 2015 [73] document is completely bogus. Lastly, before going on to the situation in the U.S. and with 5G, there is one other thing I want to state here. In 2005, Dr. Jared Diamond published a book [111] entitled "Collapse: How 57 HEARING COMMENT Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed." In it he documents how each society that"chose to fail," chose paths that had some short term gains but also had much more severe longer-term consequences. This is exactly what we have been doing with the EMFs, except that the consequences are much more severe than the collapse of one society—here all of the advanced technology societies on earth are at great risk. Chapter 6: The U.S. Early Role in Recognizing Non-Thermal EMF Effects and How This Was Abandoned Starting in 1986: U.S. Failure to Research Health Impacts of Cell Phone Towers, Cell Phones, Wi-Fi, Smart Meters and Now 5G. What Is the Current Position of U.S.Government Agencies? We in the U.S. often take great pride in our scientific research. That is,of course,especially true of U.S. scientists,of which I am one. We have far more Nobel laureates than any other country so we think of ourselves as being the#1 science country in the world. But we have had, over the past 20 years, almost no scientific primary literature studies, either laboratory studies or epidemiological studies, on non-thermal microwave frequency EMF effects. We had much more such research in this area 35 years ago, In terms of non-thermal effects of microwave frequency(sometimes called radiofrequency) EMFs, the U.S. government published documents acknowledging the existence of large numbers of such non-thermal effects. This included the 1971 U.S. Office of Naval Medical Research Institute Report [30] and the 1981 report from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [26]. The most recent such report acknowledging widespread non- thermal EMF effects was the NCRP report [112] published in 1986. It follows that for the past 32 years, the U.S.government has been in denial on what had been repeatedly recognized by our government and is of great importance to protecting our health. 1986 turns out to be a key year because in that year,the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) shut down its in house research program studying non-thermal EMF effects. In 1986,the U.S. Office of Naval Research, which had been funding grants in this area, stopped funding any new grants—the already funded grants were funded to the end of the grant period but no new grants were funded past 1986. A few years later, I think it was in late 1994, a similar shutdown of grants went into effect at the NIEHS, the part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) which supports environmental health research. In 1999, the last U.S. agency that had been funding some research in this area,The Department of Energy also shut down what little research it had been funding. The consequences of those shutdowns is that of the 17 studies on people living near cell phone towers, not a single study has been done in the U.S. Of the 23 studies of effects of genuine Wi-Fi EMFs, each of them showing effects [11],not a single study was done in the U.S. Of the over 50 studies on genuine cell phone radiation effects, only single one was done in the U.S, the NTP cell phone cancer study required by the Congress. So we have a situation where the U.S. government is encouraging EMF exposures and, in many cases, making it impossible to avoid EMF exposures while doing nothing or almost nothing to ensure our safety. There are a tiny number of studies that somehow sneak through, such as the Aldad et al study (#12 in Table 4) discussed in the preceding chapter, which was funded through the Child and Human Development Institute of the NIH, but these are few and far between. How did these shutdowns happen?I don't know about 1986 but have some useful information from 1994/1995. Attacks by the Telecommunications Industry on Two U.S. Scientists 58 HEARING COMMENT Dr. Henry Lai from the University of Washington and a collaborator,NP Singh were using the alkaline comet assay, discussed earlier in this document to measure single stranded breaks in cellular DNA. They found a substantial elevation of the levels following low level EMF exposure in late 1994. Before that finding had even been published, they found that they were targets of a severe attack from the telecommunications industry. A key document providing evidence of this was what was called the "War-Gaming"memo [113],where an executive named Norm Sandler, head of the Corporate Communications Department of Motorola(at that time the largest cell phone company)sent the memo to Michael Kehs of a public relations campaign in Washington DC (dated Dec. 13, 1994), describing their planned response to these at that time, unpublished findings. The memo stated that"While this work raises some interesting questions about possible biological effects, it is our understanding that there are too many uncertainties— related to the methodology employed, the findings that have been reported and the science that underlies them—to draw any conclusions about its significance at this time. Without additional work in this field, there is absolutely no basis to determine whether the researchers found what they report finding—or that the results have anything at all to do with DNA damage or health risks, especially at the frequencies and power levels of power levels of wireless communication devices. In discussing the frequency differentiation issue, we should be able to say that Lai-Singh and Sarkar were not conducted at cellular(that is cell phone) frequencies." (My comments are as follows: It is true that Lai/Singh used a different frequency from that used by cell phones. So the industry was correct about that. But the findings also show that the industry claims that there cannot be any non-thermal effects are wrong,and that may be more important. Singh had a reputation of being a genuine international expert on comet assays, so I doubt that methodology was a problem. If this had nothing to do with DNA damage or health risks, Motorola would not be worrying about these findings. There were at that time (1994) previously published studies of EMF effects on cellular DNA including the concurrent Sarkar findings and including findings of chromosome breaks and rearrangements reported in [30]). Further down,the memo: "I think we have sufficiently war-gamed the Lai-Singh issue, assuming that SAG (Scientific Advisory Group, a group linked to the telecom industry) and the CTIA(the umbrella telecom lobbying,publicity and legal organization) have done their homework. We want to run this by George Carlo and fill him in on contacts we have made. Under Excerpts from Confidential Working Draft#3. Question and Response: Q. How can Motorola downplay the significance of the Lai study when one of your own expert consultants is on record telling Microwave News that the results—if replicated—could throw previous notions of RF safety into question? R. It is not a question of downplaying the significance of the Lai study. In his comments to Microwave News, Dr. Sheppard raised the key question: Can it be replicated and interpreted? We will wait and see." (My comments: Replication needed to be done, so that was a valid point. The interpretation was and is clear—it is that EMF exposures produce large increases in the numbers of single strand breaks in the cellular DNA.) "Action Planned: In addition to response materials prepared by SAG (see attached copies)we will work with SAG to identify appropriate experts to comment in general on the science of DNA research, in addition to any experts SAG may be able to recommend to publicly comment on one or both of these particular studies. 59 HEARING COMMENT Then they talk about Media Strategy where Motorola stays in the background with SAG and CTIA in front." Three important things happened to Dr. Henry Lai at about this time [114,115]. In November 1994,before the War-Gaming memo had been written, a representative of the industry called the NIH claiming that money had been misspent from the Henry Lai grant for the DNA studies. Dr. Lai faxed the NIH an explanation which was accepted. However, the cutoff of new NIEHS funding appears to have occurred at this time, such that the industry pressure is likely to have been important. Furthermore [114] "The industry made a full-court press to discredit the DNA break study. A consistent and coordinated message was put out to marginalize Lai and Singh. For instance, in November 1994(note: this was also before the War-Gaming memo was written), Q. Balzano,then a senior Motorola executive,wrote to us(Microwwave News) that"Even if it is validated, the effects it purports to show may be inconsequential."(My comment is that DNA breaks produced at intensity levels well below safety guidelines are not inconsequential. If they were, the industry would not be worrying so much about them). Ron Nessen, the CTIA's top spokesman told a Florida newspaper that"It's not very relevant."He also tried to cast doubt on the comet assay pioneered by Singh to measure DNA breaks. It"may not be scientifically valid." Quite a number of months later, the head of the WTR(successor organization to SAG)wrote a 6 page letter to the President of the University of Washington to try to get him to fire both Lai and Singh [114, 1 i 5]. Neither was fired,but this is what you face when you get results that the telecommunications industry does not like. (My comments: The basic findings of the Lai and Singh studies have been replicated more than two dozen times, at this writing. There have also been many replicates of the findings of increased micronucleus formation and oxidized bases in the DNA following non-thermal EMF exposures. All of that replication and the 21 reviews that were listed in Chapter 1 each showing non-thermal cellular DNA damage have still not gotten the telecommunications industry to admit that these DNA effects are occurring. The industry apparently does not care about the replication but cares,rather, about having talking points. Furthermore,when the industry was trying to get Dr. Lai's research funding cut off or later was trying to get both Lai and Singh fired, they were trying to prevent replication rather than encouraging it). So Dr. Henry Lai was the first major scientist who came under vicious attack from the telecommunications industry and their allies, but he was certainly not the last. There are many such scientists including Prof. Adlkofer in Germany and Prof. Rudinger in Austria. I know of nine others who have been attacked in the U.S. or in Europe. But here is a situation where the U.S. instead of leading world science in the right direction has been leading it into corruption. There are others. I want to talk about another especially important case of such an attack on a U.S. scientist, that of Professor Om Gandhi. Gandhi is a professor at the University of Utah who, for many years was doing modeling of cell phone EMF exposures on the brains of humans. He was modeling such exposures for a substantial period of time of time based on the head of what was called standard anthropomorphic man (SAM). SAM was modeled from a 6 foot 2 inch, 200 pound man, a man in the upper 10%of men for head size and estimated skull thickness. He was doing such cell phone modeling for the telecommunications industry and received an important honor for this research. Because the safety guidelines are based only on thermal effects, the modeling was aimed at determining heating of the human brain by cell phone radiation. 60 HEARING COMMENT Prof. Gandhi became concerned about the fact that both the head size and skull thickness of SAM was greater than that of most men and essentially all women and children and consequently began modeling a typical woman and typical 10 year old child, When he did that he found that the cell phone EMF exposures to the brain were much too high, even based on their own standards, standards that were and are only based on heating. The timing of these events was from 1975 through 1996. I will be quoting on what occurred subsequently. I have received permission from Dr. Devra Davis to make these quotes from pages 81 through 88 of her book Disconnect [77]. I will use a different font for those quotes so that you can see them easily. Based on the new work he had produced, Gandhi called for a revision of the safety standards that regulated cell phones. The industry was stunned. For years, Gandhi had been one of those on whom they had counted. If Gandhi's work went uncontested, it would mean that children, women and men with smaller heads could not safely use some electronic devices or that these devices would have to be redesigned to emit less radio frequency radiation. The industry's first response was to cut off all of Gandhi's funding. Going to p. 86 from [77]: Gandhi explained that something has gone very wrong with standard setting in the United States in the past few years. "Starting in the late 1980s, I chaired the committee to set standards for radio-frequency exposures before all cell phones ever existed. About a decade ago, C.K. Chou, then at the City of Hope Hospital, replaced me. Within two years, Chou had moved. He became a senior executive with Motorola—a clear conflict of interest. The committee that advises as to cell phone standards is supposed to be independent and had never before been led by someone from the very industry it advises. Under Chou's leadership, the committee relaxed standards for cell phones as of 2005. Having spent my entire life developing models of the brain, I know how things work. I also know that what we have done here is to ratchet up exposures, without actually telling people we have done so. Today's standards for cell phones have more than doubled the amount of radio- frequency radiation allowed into the brain." The next quote starts at 2002, before the more than doubling of those radiation standards (pp. 87- 88 from [77]). By 2002 the gloves were off and the industry made it clear to Gandhi that they would take him on directly. Gandhi remembers being told by an industry colleague who was once a student and friend, "If you insist on publishing these papers saying that children get more exposed than adults and saying our test procedure is not valid, you can expect that we will not fund you." Gandhi replied, "I am a university professor. I don't need your money." Next industry tried to place an article by Chou critiquing Gandhi's models in the journal of which Gandhi had been editor and chief and in which he had published dozens of articles, and asked that either his (that is Gandhi's) article criticizing the grounds for setting standards be removed, or that they be allowed to publish Chou's rejoinder. 61 HEARING COMMENT Gandhi reports that four different peer reviews of Chou's critique of my work indicated that Chou's critique of my work was 'scientific junk.' Only when the editor of the journal balked did the industry finally relent. Despite this success in beating back one attempt to discredit Gandhi's work, the effort to increase allowable amounts of radio frequency radiation was won on a major front. As the new chief of the standard-setting committee, Chou masterminded changes in the standards, and the committee, which now included a large majority of industry experts, issued new recommendations, ignoring Gandhi's analysis showing that these would effectively double exposures. (I want to comment on this. I've published three papers on the physics of EMF action [4,5,11]. In each of them, I have taken the industry arguments about the physics seriously. Even though it was clear that the industry arguments were wrong,because of the clear existence of so many effects that occur at non-thermal levels of exposure,the industry arguments claiming that there could only be thermal effects were substantive and therefore,had to be considered. What I find, in the previous six paragraph, is that the industry itself is ready to throw out its own arguments, when they conflict with their ability to make massive profits. The issues here are very simple. Anyone with the most elementary understanding of the geometry of the head and a high school knowledge or physics, will know that a person with a smaller head and thinner skull will be exposed to higher brain levels of radiation from cell phones.) What is obvious about this is that the industry does not care about health impacts,as long as they can maintain some deniability. What is also obvious is that the telecommunications industry can act to systematically corrupt an organization that, in effect,regulates the telecommunications industry. That in turn means that other organizations that, in effect,regulate the industry must be scrutinized for possible corruption. Those include ICNIRP, SCENIHR, WHO,the FCC and the FDA. When Have Somewhat Similar Things Happened in Other Situations in the U.S.? Is this approach to obfuscating the science unusual?Not really, but it appears to be much more extreme than usual, with the telecommunications industry and EMF effects. I suggest looking at the book on "Doubt Is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health" by Dr. David Michaels. I've cited a book review of that book here [116]. The review starts out with the statement that"Creating doubt—at least enough to derail government regulation—is an art form long practiced and highly perfected by some sectors of private industry. In the book, Professor David Michaels vividly demonstrates how each such industry channels some of its profit to `product defense firms' and 'self interested scientists' who conduct research designed to cast doubt on the science that supports regulation."(I will add that it also casts doubt on the science that may support lawsuits,as well.) "As a result of the doubt created, regulation is long-delayed and thousands of people (or perhaps millions) suffer and die unnecessarily." The industries that are covered in the book include tobacco, lead, asbestos, Merck (the maker of Vioxx),global warming, chromium,beryllium, artificial butter flavoring (diacetyl, the cause of often fatal popcorn lung). I think you will see parallels with what went on with SCENIHR(Chapter 5) and with the telecommunications industry actions (this chapter). Part of the problem with these precedents, is that nobody went to prison, despite the many deaths and injuries that were perpetrated and in most of these cases,the industries involved ended up making more money than they lost in the subsequent lawsuits. The precedent has been set that you can get away with almost anything if you are big enough and powerful enough and rich enough. That 62 HEARING COMMENT may have been sufficient to encourage the telecommunications industry to follow a similar, although, in my opinion, much more aggressive pathway. One question that can be asked is whether there are any major international political figures who appear to have a good understanding of the EMF/health issue? When I was asked that question, I was able to come up with only one person. That person is President Vladimir Putin of Russia. This inference comes from an interview of Dr. Dietrich Klinghardt, who practices in Seattle, by Dr.Joseph Mercola, that occurred in December 2017, an interview that was entirely focused on EMF health effects [117]. In that context Dr. Klinghardt states that a lecture that Putin gave to the Russian assembly said, "We do not need to go to war with America. America is committing collective suicide by the way they are using electricity. We just have to wait until they are all in the psychiatric hospital." When I saw that,I asked myself whether it is plausible that Vladimir Putin has a deep understanding of the neuropsychiatric effects of the EMFs'? And then I thought, of course, Vladimir Putin was the head of the KGB when the latter studies reviewed by Dr. Karl Hecht [28] were being done in the Soviet Union. The most important effects that were shown to be produced by the EMFs, in those studies,were the neuropsychiatric effects. Furthermore, the Putin statement apparently shows not only a substantial understanding of those effects but also the fact that they are cumulative and become irreversible, as shown in those studies [28] and in other studies discussed in Chapter 4. One thing that I would add is that President Putin apparently practices what he preaches. He avoids smart phones [118]. It is my opinion, that the CIA and other international intelligence agencies should examine these issues very carefully to assess whether they see the kinds of threats that I see. Those agencies are very good at obtaining information from various sources and determining probable threats to national and international security. It should not be difficult to come to an assessment, especially because some of us have done much of the work that needs to be done. The threat here is self- inflicted, it is not caused by any foreign power or set of powers. But it is the most serious national or international security threat that we have faced, in my opinion, with the exception of nuclear annihilation. Propaganda: In the initial days of the controversy regarding cell phones, in 1993, the industry developed a huge public relations effort in the face of lawsuits and adverse press reports impacting the industry. Paul Staiano, President of Motorola General Systems stated in a 1993 ABC 20/20 interview[119] that,"Forty years of research and more than ten thousand studies have proved that cellular phones are safe." So I asked how many studies of cell phone safety or lack there of had been published by the end of 1993. The way I did that was to search in the PubMed database under(cell phones or cellular phones or mobile phones). I found about 11,000 hits, roughly 99% of them having nothing to do with health safety, and then looked at the few studies that had been published before the end of 1993. The only study I found that had any connection with health or safety, was one on driving safety while using a cellular phone, giving equivocal results with regard to driving safety. So there, were apparently no studies done on cell phone safety at that time. Furthermore, even if there had been any studies, they could not possibly show that"cellular phones are safe." At most they might show that there was no statistically significant evidence of an effect but that only shows that you have not proven an effect, not that you have proven the opposite. It can be seen, therefore, that this propaganda statement is complete nonsense. Furthermore, we know that the Panagopoulos et al [100] review, showed that 46 out of 48 genuine cell phone studies that they reviewed showed effects. So the facts are exactly opposite of the industry propaganda on this. If this was the beginning of propaganda in the U.S. let's look at something much more recent. 63 HEARING COMMENT Berezow and Bloom Op-Ed Document: Recommendation to Limit Maryland School Wi-Fi Is Based on"Junk Science" Berezow and Bloom, [120] start their 2017 op-ed with the claim that"The CEHPAC,an agency within Maryland's Department of Health and Mental Hygeine,has recommended that schools reduce or eliminate students' exposure to Wi-Fi because it believes wireless signals might cause cancer. This is pure, unadulterated junk science. At least three separate, major areas of scientific knowledge can unambiguously confirm that wireless radiation is completely safe(italics added)." They continue with the physics [120], stating that"CEHPAC fails to realize that all radiation is not created equal. The energy of nuclear radiation, X-rays and UV light is high enough to damage our bodies and cause cancer. But other forms of radiation are energetically weak by comparison. They cannot cause cancer."This argument has validity with regard to individual photons, as I stated in my first paper on the activation of VGCCs by EMFs [4],but it is completely bogus with regard to EMFs as a whole. It has been known for 70 years that a person walking in front of a high powered radar machine will rapidly die,but Berezow and Bloom claim that cannot happen because the fields are"energetically weak." Furthermore, as discussed in Chapter 2 and elsewhere [5,11], the voltage sensor that controls the opening of the VGCCs is extraordinarily sensitive to electrical forces of EMFs, with the forces on the voltage sensor being approximately 7.2 million times greater than the forces on singly charged groups in the aqueous parts of our cells and tissues. It can be seen, therefore, that Berezow and Bloom [120] while claiming to be experts, are profoundly ignorant of the relevant physics. Berezow and Bloom [120] state that"According to the NIH's National Cancer Institute [121], well performed studies that included over one million people showed no connection between cell phone use and cancer."There is no such statement in the NCI 2016 [121] document—I suggest the reader look it up—it differs substantially from the op-ed characterization of it. The NCI 2016 [121] document, states that"there is currently no consistent evidence that non-ionizing radiation increases cancer risk" (sole supporting citation in NCI 2016 [121] was SCENIHR 2015 [73]). It has been shown above in Chapter 5,that SCENIHR 2015 is not a credible source of information on this and as shown,in Chapter 1,there are 35 different reviews that each provide strong evidence that EMFs do cause cancer. So claiming, that EMF causation of cancer is, in Berezow & Bloam's words, "pure,unadulterated junk science" is nonsense. What is amazing here is that the U.S. NTP study, published by Wyde et al [122], clearly shows that cell phones do cause cancer but it was completely left out of the Berezow & Bloom statement. Let's go to their third"major area of scientific knowledge"—Berezow and Bloom [120] state that "the only known health effects from Wi-Fi are due to psychosomatics."That is, "people who believe that something will make them sick will report feeling ill, even if nothing is happening externally." Some of the Wi-Fi studies (Table 1 in [11])are cell culture studies, some are animal model studies where EMF exposures are compared with sham exposures. While there may be a very weak argument regarding some but not other human studies when they are not done blinded, there is no argument that effects in any of the other studies are caused by"psychosomatics." Berezow and Bloom do not look at any of the 23 studies of Wi-Fi reviewed in [II],each of which showed effects and it is clear that most of them cannot possibly be due to psychosomatics. What is surprising here, is that the trillion dollar set of telecommunication industries, having been working on their propaganda for over a quarter of a century, is unable to produce a more convincing argument. 64 HEARING COMMENT Have There Been Individual Research Studies Designed to Fail and Therefore Corrupt the Scientific Literature? The first example, that I am aware of, where false science has been produced to supposedly show that an important EMF observation was unrepeatable also came from the U.S. It was described in Dr. Davis' book [77]. Dr. Allen H. Frey(pronounced Fry)published a paper in 1975 in Annals of the New York Academy of Science showing that low intensity pulsed EMF exposures produced a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, the barrier in the blood vessels in the brain and the brain tissue that protects the brain from toxic chemicals and also infectious agents. The methodology that he used was to inject the fluorescent dye fluorescein into the blood (IV) and then use its fluorescence to detect whether and to what extent it penetrates into the brain tissue from the blood. A subsequent paper was published in 1978 [123],using similar methodology except that the fluorescein instead of being injected into the blood, was injected by intraperitoneal(IP) injection. When a compound is injected IP, it enters the blood only slowly over a substantial period of time, so that when one does a short term experiment looking at penetration through the blood-brain barrier, essentially nothing is seen. This was a transparent attempt to claim that the studies of Dr. Frey had been repeated with negative results,but the Frey studies had not be replicated. I am aware of many papers that were flawed like the seven studies of simulated Wi-Fi,discussed near the end of Chapter 5 that were each touted by Foster and Moulder[110]. Let me remind you of what the flaws were in those seven studies. Firstly, each of them used EMFs that were the correct frequency for Wi-Fi but differed in pulsation from genuine Wi-Fi. Each of these studies used a reverberation exposure chamber which is predicted to decrease effects by both decreasing the polarization of the EMFs and increasing the destructive interference of the EMFs. They also used tiny numbers of animals for each study group, such that any statistics would have very low power. Finally, Foster and Moulder claimed each of them showed"no effect"when one can only at best claim there was no statistically significant evidence of an effect. Given the tiny numbers, the lack of statistical significance is of very little importance. I find that this pattern has been followed in a substantial number of additional studies. What I want to discuss here is a paper that had each of those four properties but had several additional flaws,as well. I am aware of three legal proceedings in the U.S.,where the industry side of that case touted the paper to be discussed, as being a particularly strong one. This paper by Ziemann et al [124] is entitled "Absence of genotoxic potential of 902 MHz(GSM)and 1747 MHz(DCS)wireless communication signals: In vivo two-year bioassay in B6C3F1 mice. In other words, the title claims that the 902 MHz frequency, studied and the 1747 MHz frequency also studied in the paper cannot cause DNA damage or other types of genotoxicity." On p. 456 of Ziemann et al [124], the authors make clear that they are studying the effects of simulated cell phone radiation, not actual cell phone radiation. You will recall that Panagopoulos et al [110] found that almost all studies of genuine cell phone radiation found effects whereas less than half of simulated cell phone studies showed effects. This raises an important question about why Ziemann et al [124] opted to study simulated cell phone radiation. Much of the funding of the Ziemann et al paper(see pp. 462-463) came from industry sources. Funding source is not a flaw but it is a reason to look at the paper particularly closely. 2. The Ziemann et al [124] study used a stainless steel exposure chamber similar to the reverberation chambers discussed in Chapter 5 of this document. The chamber is predicted, to produce lower effects because of lowered polarization and increased destructive interference 3. The study is described as being a two year study of radiation effects. However the cells examined for micronuclei (their marker for genotoxicity (cellular DNA damage)), were mouse erythrocytes (red blood cells), and such 65 HEARING COMMENT erythrocytes have a lifespan of only about 30 days; because of the inherent instability of micronuclei in replicating cells, such micronuclei in erythrocytes may possibly be generated over at most a 30 day period. It is misleading to describe this as a two year study when only the last 30 days are relevant to generating the marker being studied. 4. In rats and humans, erythrocytes containing micronuclei are selectively removed from circulation very quickly (see p. 459 of Ziemann et al [124]). While Ziemann et al claim that mice do not have a similar mechanism for selective rapid removal, the only citation that they provide is a study published by Chaubey et al (1993) showing that this was apparently true with Swiss mice; Ziemann et al [124] chose to use B6C3F1/Cr1BR mice,a different inbred mouse strain which may well behave quite differently from Swiss mice. It follows from this that we have no idea whether the strain studied is similar to Swiss mice with regard to selective removal of erythrocytes containing micronuclei. 5. Ziemann et al [124] show that male and female mice behave quite differently with regard to levels of micronuclei (Tables I and III in [124]); however in their experimental study(Figure 2), males and females were combined in doing the statistics. What that inevitably does is to produce greater variations in micronuclei levels within different animal groups, making it substantially more difficult to detect any statistical significance among different animal groups in the study. It also means that it is important to use similar ratios of males and females in the experimental groups and we have no idea whether this was done or not. 6. In section A of Figure 2,there were only 8 animals in each group studied. In section B of Figure 2, there are only 5 to 9 animals in each animal group studied. These tiny numbers mean that there is only extremely low statistical power to detect any effects of EMF exposure and therefore these tiny studies make it almost impossible to say anything at all about the results. 7. The Ziemann et al study [124] provide none of their raw data; consequently we are in a situation where we have no way of judging whether their statistical analysis was done properly. We also have no way to use any such data as part of a meta-analysis of multiple studies, which may have much more power than do any single study(particularly such a tiny one). Consequently, the lack of statistical significance they report, cannot be properly assessed by the reader. 8. When one does a study looking at the possible effects of some variables, in this case a couple of simulated cell phone radiation studies,the most you can say about an apparent negative result is that"we did not see any statistically significant effects." When you have tiny studies such a described under 7 above, then the lack of statistical significance tells you almost nothing. But even with a very large study such as with thousands of mice including hundreds in each experimental group, all you can say is that"we did not see any statistically significant effects." 9. What do Ziemann et al conclude? They state in their title that there is an "Absence of genotoxic potential of 902 MHz(GSM) and 1747 (DCS) wireless communication signals."Did they study these EMFs in all organisms and all cell types?No of course not. Did they study all possible pulsation patterns of these two frequency EMFs?No of course not. Did they study all types of genotoxicity found following low-intensity EMF exposures? No,just one, micronuclei in erythrocytes in an inbred strain of mice. This title alone should tell any competent scientist that the paper is deeply flawed, completely apart from the preceding 8 flaws, with each of the 8 adding substantially to the flaws in this paper. George Carlo Letter Dr. George Carlo is an interesting and controversial figure who has both a law degree(JD) and a PhD in, I believe, epidemiology. He had worked in the telecommunications industry for years as head of the SAG and then WTR research arms. Dr. Carlo wrote an important letter to the heads of the telecommunications companies on October 7, 1999. The letter he sent to the head of AT&T is available on the interne [125]. In his book [126] Carlo lists all of the people sent the letter and also provides the text of the letter. 66 HEARING COMMENT Carlo was, at that time the soon to be retiring head of the WTR, which was the CTIA/telecommunications industry research arm. In the letters to the heads of the telecommunications industry companies, Carlo discusses the types of evidence arguing that cell phones do apparently cause cancer and that they do cause DNA damage to our cellular DNA. The DNA damage, suggested that the apparent cancer causation was real. Carlo continues the letter as follows [125]: "Today, I sit here extremely frustrated and concerned that appropriate steps have not been taken by the wireless industry to protect consumers during this time of uncertainty about safety." Continuing further down, Carlo adds: "Alarmingly, indications are that some segments of the industry have ignored the scientific findings suggesting potential health effects, have repeatedly and falsely claimed that wireless phones are safe for all consumers including children, and have created an illusion of responsible follow up by calling for and supporting more research. The most important measures of consumer protection are missing: complete and honest factual information to allow informed judgment by consumers about assumption of risk; the direct tracking and monitoring of what happens to consumers who use wireless phones; and, the monitoring of changes in the technology that could impact health. I am especially concerned about what appear to be actions by a segment of the industry to conscript the FCC, the FDA and WHO with them in following a non-effectual course that will likely result in a regulatory and consumer backlash." This is an important letter for several reasons. After October 7, 1999 the heads of the telecommunications companies or, for that matter anyone else at those companies, could no longer legitimately claim that they did not know there were serious health concerns with cell phones, with targeting cell phones to young children, or with increasing allowable cell phone exposure radiation. The last of these was done a few years later, as you have already seen. The concerns Carlo expresses about the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration)are particularly important in the U.S., because both the FCC and the FDA had already been given important regulatory roles when the Carlo letter was written. The FCC had been given the power of regulating the location of cell phone towers by the 1996 telecommunications act,which also prohibited, as I understand it, any state or local government from protecting their people's health by regulating cell phone tower positioning. In other words, the 1996 telecommunications act de facto stated that the U.S. Federal government valued telecommunication industry profits over every single health impact of microwave frequency radiation, no matter how serious it is, to the American people. There have been several subsequent pieces of legislation that have made the situation still worse. The FDA had been given the power to regulate radiation emissions from cell phones and other devices that emit microwave/radiofrequency radiation, with cell phone regulation apparently being shared with the FCC. What Can We Say About the FCC? There was a very informative document about the FCC published by the Safra Institute for Ethics at Harvard University [127] entititled "Captured Agency: How the Federal Communications Commission Is Dominated by the Industries It Presumably Regulates." One of the sections in that document shows why both the FCC role and the telecommunications industry role were so important with regard to the 1996 telecommunications act: 67 HEARING COMMENT Section 332(c)(7)(B)(iv) of the Act remarkably, and that adverb seems inescapably best here, wrests zoning authority from local governments. Specifically, they cannot cite health concerns about the effects of tower radiation to deny tower licenses so long as the towers comply with FCC regulations. Congress Silences Public Section 322(c)(7)(B0(iv) of the Communications Act Provides: No State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, construction of personal wireless service facilities on the basis of environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply with the Commission's regulations concerning such emissions. In preempting local zoning authority— along with the public's right to guard its own safety and health, Congress unleashed an orgy of infrastructure build-out. Emboldened by the government green light and the vast consumer appetite for wireless technology, industry has had a free hand in installing more than 300,000 sites. Church steeples, schoolyards, school rooftops, even trees can house these facilities. What,then are the consequences of all of this? The 17 studies that have been done on people living near cell phone towers show that many people within 300 meters(about 1000 feet)of a cell phone tower are afflicted by six of the health effects found in those many reviews listed in Chapter 1. Two of those effects have not been looked at. According to this literature,people living within 300 meters of cell phone towers suffer from widespread neuropsychiatric effects, cellular DNA damage, cancer, oxidative stress,elevated apoptosis (cell death), and hormonal effects. They also suffer from cardiac effects like those discussed in Chapter 3 and from hypertension and also anemia. The two extremely well documented EMF health effects that have not been looked at are the reproductive effects and the high levels of intracellular calcium. That does not tell us these are not also caused in people living near cell phone towers,just that no one has looked. Roughly 30% of the people in this country live within 300 meters of a cell phone tower so the impact on health is major. But few know about this and the media and our government, including especially the FCC and FDA are keeping it all a deep dark secret. Not a single one of these 17 studies have been done in the U.S. Consequently, when the U.S. has ensured that we are irradiated by well over 300,000 of these cell phone towers, it has done absolutely nothing to determine what the consequences of exposure are. Of course we are impacted not only by cell phone towers near where we live but also near where we work or go to school and to some extent, when we are driving around town. These high levels of exposure are not necessary. Switzerland has safety guidelines that are 100 times more stringent than ours, Russia has safety guidelines that are 1000 times more stringent than ours. The health effects we see now will no doubt rise much further in the future without any increasing exposure, because many of these effects are cumulative, eventually becoming irreversible. I would encourage you to look at the whole FCC as a captured agency document [127] —it can be downloaded at no cost from the internet [127]. It is very interesting and adds considerably to my short comments here regarding corruption. So what does the FCC have to say about EMF effects on its web site [128]? I have copied some relevant sections as follows: 68 HEARING COMMENT At relatively low levels of exposure to RF radiation, i.e., levels lower than those that would produce significant heating, the evidence for production of harmful biological effects is ambiguous and unproven. Such effects, if they exist, have been referred to as "non-thermal" effects. A number of reports have appeared in the scientific literature describing the observation of a range of biological effects resulting from exposure to low levels of RF energy. However, in most cases, further experimental research has been unable to reproduce these effects. Furthermore, since much of the research is not done on whole bodies (in vivo), there has been no determination that such effects constitute a human health hazard. It is generally agreed that further research is needed to determine the generality of such effects and their possible relevance, if any, to human health. In the meantime, standards-setting organizations and government agencies continue to monitor the latest experimental findings to confirm their validity and determine whether changes in safety limits are needed to protect human health. (Back to Index) CAN PEOPLE BE EXPOSED TO LEVELS OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION THAT COULD BE HARMFUL? Studies have shown that environmental levels of RF energy routinely encountered by the general public are typically far below levels necessary to produce significant heating and increased body temperature. However, there may be situations, particularly in workplace environments near high-powered RF sources, where the recommended limits for safe exposure of human beings to RF energy could be exceeded. In such cases, restrictive measures or mitigation actions may be necessary to ensure the safe use of RF energy. (Back to Index) CAN RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION CAUSE CANCER? Some studies have also examined the possibility of a link between RF exposure and cancer. Results to date have been inconclusive. While some experimental data have suggested a possible link between exposure and tumor formation in animals exposed under certain specific conditions, the results have not been independently replicated. Many other studies have failed to find evidence for a link to cancer or any related condition. The Food and Drug Administration has further information on this topic with respect to RF exposure from mobile phones at the following Web site: FDA Radiation- Emitting Products Page . (Back to Index) Let's look at the first paragraph. In the third and fourth sentence, they state that there have been non-thermal effects reported but then say that"in most cases they have not been reproduced." Is that true? No. The 79 reviews listed in Chapter I have each found repeated studies documenting one or more of the EMF effects. You can't get a review published without multiple studies. And the fact that so many of these effects have been repeatedly reviewed, over many years shows that similar patterns of evidence have been found over long periods of time. The FCC provides not one iota of evidence on its claims, despite the fact that such a claim of inability to reproduce findings absolutely requires extensive documentation to be scientifically valid. This difference in documentation, means that any one of those 79 reviews listed in Chapter 1 is vastly more scientific in showing the falsity of the FCC statement than is the FCC statement itself which is completely undocumented. 69 HEARING COMMENT Let's go on to the cancer claim at the bottom of the copied section. The FCC states that"A number of reports have appeared in the scientific literature describing the observation of a range of biological effects resulting from exposure to low levels of RF energy. However, in most cases, further experimental research has been unable to reproduce these effects. Furthermore, since much of the research is not done on whole bodies (in vivo),there has been no determination that such effects constitute a human health hazard."You will note here that there are no specifics, nor were there any specifics on the section discussed in the previous paragraph. What we have here are completely undocumented FCC claims, with no specifics whatsoever and claims that are clearly contradicted by each of the 35 reviews on cancer causation by EMF exposure. They are also clearly contradicted by the 21 reviews on cellular DNA damage following EMF exposures, something that the FCC says nothing about. It has been known for decades, that the process of carcinogenesis(cancer causation)usually starts with one or more mutations in the cellular DNA, mutations that can be caused by each of the three types of cellular DNA damage known to be caused by EMF exposure. The sort of pattern seen here,where we have gross generalizations followed by no or completely inadequate documentation goes on with the industry propaganda [119,120] as discussed earlier, as well as in the Speit/Schwarz discussion from early in Chapter 5. What you see in each of those cases is everything falls apart when you look carefully at the facts. The situation with the FCC statements is very similar. There can be little doubt that the FCC is acting as a propaganda organization here, as strongly suggested by the George Carlo letter[125,126] and the FCC as a captured agency [127] document. Three questions: Does the FCC know that these statements that it has made are not factual? Does it know how non-thermal EMF effects actually are produced? Does it know that its safety guidelines do not protect our health? That answer to all three of these questions is yes. How do I know? I know because I did a PowerPoint presentation to the FCC in September 2016 which presented findings in each of these important areas. My account of that presentation,written two days after it occurred, follows: Professor Emeritus Martin L. Pall presented Powerpoint presentation on the main mechanism of action of non-thermal microwave frequency EMFs to the FCC I met with Julius Knapp, Chief of OET, Martin Doczkat, Branch Chief, OET/Technical Analysis Branch, and Ed Mantiply Engineer OET/Associate Chief at the Federal Communications Commission on September 21, 2016 to present a Powerpoint presentation and answer questions. The presentation showed that non-thermal microwave and lower frequency EMFs act via voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. The most important findings demonstrating this mechanism are that various effects produced by such non-thermal exposures can be blocked or greatly lowered by calcium channel blockers, drugs that are highly specific for blocking VGCCs. The reason why such low intensity non-thermal exposures activate the VGCCs is because the voltage sensor of the VGCCs is exquisitely sensitive to the electrical forces produced by these EMFs. The forces on the voltage sensor are calculated to be about 7.2 million times higher than are the forces on singly charged chemical groups in the aqueous phases of the cell. This very high level sensitivity also predicts that the safety guidelines allow us to be exposed to EMF intensities that are approximately 7.2 million times too high. 70 HEARING COMMENT The actions produced by such VGCC activation go mainly through the excessive intracellular calcium levels produced by such activation. Excessive calcium acts via three main pathways to produce effects in the body. Therapeutic effects are produced through the nitric oxide signaling pathway whereas many pathophysiological effects are produced by the peroxynitrite/oxidative stress pathway. Excessive calcium signaling also produces pathophysiological effects. Numerous effects produced following non- thermal EMF exposures can be produced by these pathways including oxidative stress, cellular DNA damage, cancer, widespread neuropsychiatric effects, breakdown of the blood brain barrier, lowered male and female fertility and various endocrine (that is hormonal) changes. It has long been known that pulsed EMFs are usually much more biologically active than are non-pulsed (or continuous wave) EMFs and this difference appears to be consistent with the VGCC mechanism. Because all wireless communication devices communicate via pulsations, such devices may be of special concern. Three concerns were expressed with regard to 5G: 1. The stronger absorption of the very high frequencies involved require the setting up of vast numbers of antennae, making it essentially impossible to avoid damaging exposures. 2. The stronger absorption suggests that these EMFs may be particularly active in activating the VGCC voltage sensor. 3. The very high level and complexity of pulsations also may make for much more biological damage via VGCC activation. There was substantial discussion of the need for biological safety testing. That discussion focused on the using cells in culture that have high densities and different types of VGCCs. Responses can be monitored by either monitoring intracellular calcium levels or by measuring nitric oxide production using a nitric oxide electrode. Martin L. Pall Professor Emeritus martin_pall@wsu.edu We had what would be considered in diplomatic circles a good and productive meeting, but since that time the FCC has doubled down on their positions,pushed much further on 5G, leading us to the mega-crisis situation which we are faced with now. Instead of actually testing 5G radiation biologically for safety, using the methods that were discussed in that meeting, the FCC has instead opted to put out tens of millions of 5G antennae without any biological safety testing of genuine 5G radiation. That is the insanity that we are in. What About the FDA? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was given the power to regulate devices that emit microwave frequency EMFs. This was not an unreasonable decision, given that the FDA was already regulating the safety of medical devices, where one can argue that there are similar challenges involved. The FDA was given this responsibility without any additional funding. So obviously, it was and is distinctly limited in what it can do. What the FDA did was to issue a Letter of Intent for Proposed Collaboration in Mobile Phone Research between the Food and Drug Administration and the Cellular Telecommunications 71 HEARING COMMENT Industry Association (CTIA), [129] Dated October 20, 1999. This would involve a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA). Later in their Letter of Intent, it states under Initial Research Under the CRADA [129]: "The first study to be conducted would follow up on the findings of studies previously conducted by WTR but not yet published using the micronucleus assay, a test which detects structural effects on genetic material. Research data in the literature from RF exposure studies using the micronucleus assay are conflicting, and warrant follow-up study."You will see here that the FDA is accepting the industry claim that these studies are conflicting even though, having been done under different circumstances, they are not. The basic approach of the CRADA was that the industry would fund any research to be done and decide what research should be done by whom and how and what information would be published subsequently. You may recall that Dr. George Carlo wrote a very important letter to the heads of the telecommunications companies, described earlier. That letter was dated two weeks before the date of the letter or intent. Carlo's letter stated: "I am especially concerned about what appear to be actions by a segment of the industry to conscript the FCC, the FDA and WHO... ."Carlo who had been up to that point, an industry insider, and apparently had reason to think that the FDA had been corrupted, or what he called conscripted by parts of the telecommunications industry two weeks before the letter of intent was written. I don't think this is definitive evidence that the FDA has been corrupted, and it can even be argued that it is not evidence at all. But it does suggest, however, that we need to look further into this issue. Let's go on to the results of this CRADA [130]. The FDA reports the following findings from the CRADA: "FDA's cooperative research and development agreement(CRADA) with the Cellular Communication& Internet Association(CTIA) has resulted in research projects focused on two topics - mechanistic studies related to genotoxicity and exposure assessment studies. All studies funded through the CRADA have been completed, and no association was found between exposure to radiofrequency(RF)radiation from cell phones and adverse health effects." I have been unable to get copies of these studies and therefore cannot comment on them. The CRADA also lead to a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) workshop on EMFs that lead, in turn, to a 2008 NAS report. That 2008 NAS report can be accessed from [130]. It is a useful report, in my view, albeit one that leaves out much of what was already known in 2008. It does not say that there are no clear non-thermal effects and specifically calls for study of the neurological effects, suggesting that"that neural networks are a sensitive biological target."It also calls for much research on biophysical or biochemical molecular mechanism(s)that may lead to the non-thermal effects. It also calls for much more study on cancer. There has been a large amount of progress in each of these three areas since 2008, including of course the identification of VGCC activation as the most important but not necessarily the only biophysical mechanism. The problem with regard to the FDA is that as far as one can tell,the FDA has paid no attention to either the 2008 report or to the subsequent progress we have had in these several areas. Let's shift our attention to what the FDA currently says about the impacts of these EMFs? On their web site [131],the FDA states the following: Is there a connection between certain health problems and exposure to radiofrequency fields via cell phone use? The results of most studies conducted to date indicate that there is not. In addition, attempts to replicate and confirm the few studies that did show a connection have failed. 72 HEARING COMMENT According to current data, the FDA believes that the weight of scientific evidence does not show an association between exposure to radiofrequency from cell phones and adverse health outcomes. Still, there is a consensus that additional research is warranted to address gaps in knowledge, such as the effects of cell phone use over the long-term and on pediatric populations. There was a similar statement made by the FCC, in previous section, and also similar statement was made by Samsung, one of world's largest producers of cell phones which reads a follows [132]: Over the past 15 years, scientists have conducted hundreds of studies looking at the biological effects of radio frequency energy emitted by cell phones. While some researchers have reported biological changes associated with RF energy, these studies have failed to be replicated. The majority of studies published have failed to show an association between between exposure to radio frequency from a cell phone and health problems. Neither the FDA statement nor the Samsung statement give us any idea what possible effects are being considered here,what literature was used for such a consideration. These statements are completely undocumented and therefore must be viewed as being unscientific. In Chapter 1, 79 reviews were given that each showed the existence of one or more effects. Eignt different of effects were each documented in from 12 to 35 reviews. Such reviews must be extensively documented or one cannot get them published. Any one of those reviews provides,therefore, a much stronger argument for presence of one or more effects than do the FDA, FCC and Samsung statements put together arguing for the opposite. One thing that is strange about the FDA statement is that they are talking specifically about cell phones even though they are tasked with regulating safety on all such microwave/radiofrequency devices. What I have done below is to put together the 16 reviews which are completely or largely focused on cell phone radiation effects so that we can see what specific effects have been found to be caused by cell phone radiation. I will summarize those effects below. Table 5: Reviews on Cell Phone Effects and the Effects Found in Each Review on Cell Phone Effects Effects Found La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Vicari E,D'Agata R, Multiple effects on male reproduction Calogero AE. 2012 Effects of the exposure to mobile phones on male reproduction: a review of the literature. J Androl 33:350-356. Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R,Agarwal Cellular DNA damage, A. 2009 Cell phones: modern man's nemesis? Reprod neurological/neuropsychiatric effects, Biomed Online 18:148-157. apoptosis Yakymenko IL, Sidorik EP, Tsybulin AS. 1999 Apoptosis, increased oxidative stress, [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic increased intracellular calcium radiation of mobile communication systems]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999), 2011 Mar-Apr:20-28. K Sri N. 2015 Mobile phone radiation: physiological& Male infertility, cellular DNA pathophysiological considerations. Indian J Physiol damage, lowered melatonin, increased Pharmacol 59:125-135. stress protein expression Naziroglu M, Yuksel M, Kose SA, Ozkaya MO. 2013 Oxidative stress, male and female Recent reports of Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced reproductive signaling dysfunction 73 HEARING COMMENT radiation on oxidative stress and reproductive signaling pathways in females and males. J Membr Biol 246:869- 875. Yakymenko I, Sidorik E. 2010 Risks of Cancer, cellular DNA damage, carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation and apoptosis; higher cancer incidence on mobile telephony devices. Exp Oncol 32:729-736. ipsilateral side of the head,not contralateral Zhang J, Sumich A, Wang GY. 2017 Acute effects of Neurological dysfunction radiofrequency electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phone on brain function. Bioelectromagnetics 38:329- 338. doi: 10.1002/bem.22052. Kundi M, Mild K, Hardell L, Mattsson M. 2004 Cancer—epidemiological review Mobile telephones and cancer—a review of the epidemiological evidence. J Toxicol Env Health, PartB 7:351-384. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Sodergvist F, Hansson Mild K. Cancer—meta-analysis on long-term 2008 Meta-analysis of long-term mobile phone use and cell phone use and brain tumors the association with brain tumors. Int J Oncol 32:1097- 1103. Hardell L, Carlberg M. 2013 Using the Hill viewpoints Mobile and cordless phone radiation from 1965 for evaluating strengths of evidence of the caused brain cancer based on the Hill risk for brain tumors associated with use of mobile and criteria for causation (most important cordless phones. Rev Environ Health 28:97-106. doi: criteria for causation in epidemiology) 10.1515/reveh-2013-0006. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. 2013 Use of Mobile and cordless phone exposures mobile phones and cordless phones is associated with associated with increased risk of increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma. glioma and acoustic neuroma; higher Pathophysiology 2013;20(2):85-110. cancer increase on ipsilateral side of the head Davis DL, Kesari S, Soskolne CL, Miller AB, Stein Y. Cell phone and cordless phone 2013 Swedish review strengthens grounds for radiation are a probable carcinogens; concluding that radiation from cellular and cordless cancer increase on ipsilateral side of phones is a probable human carcinogen. the head, not contralateral side Pathophysiology 20:123-129. Morgan LL, Miller AB, Sasco A, Davis DL. 2015 Mobile phone radiation causes brain Mobile phone radiation causes brain tumors and should tumors and should be classified as a be classified as a probable human carcinogen (2A). Int probable human carcinogen J Oncol 46(5): 1865-1871. Bielsa-Fernandez P, Rodriguez-Martin B. 2017 Association between mobile phone [Association between radiation from mobile phones and risk and tumor risk tumour risk in adults]. Gac Sanit. 2017 Apr 12. pii: S0213-9111(17)30083-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.10.014. Prasad M, Kathuria P,Nair P, Kumar A, Prasad K. The association between mobile phone 2017 Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a use and brain cancer is higher in systematic review of association between study quality, independently funded studies than in source of funding, and research outcomes. Neurol Sci. industry funded studies 2017 Feb 17. doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-2850-8. Miller A. 2017 References on cell phone radiation and This is a bibliography of studies on cancer. https://ehtrust.org/references-cell-phone-radio- cell phone radiation and cancer— most 74 HEARING COMMENT frequency-radiation-cancer/(Accessed Sept. 9,2017) support the view that cell phones do cause cancer The effects of specifically cell phone radiation that have been found in these reviews(Table 5) include: lowered male reproductive function, lowered female reproductive function, increased cellular DNA damage, neurological/neuropsychiatric effects, increased stress protein synthesis, increased intracellular calcium, apoptosis, lowered melatonin, oxidative stress, cancer(10 reviews)and specifically increased ipsilateral cancer(3 reviews). So there are 11 different cell phone effects where there is substantial enough evidence to warrant publication in one or more review articles. Each of these effects has been shown to occur in response to other microwave frequency EMFs and therefore should be considered to be caused by EMFs more broadly. The summary of Table 4,Chapter 5,the genuine cell phone primary literature studies that fell into the 2009-2013 time frame, started as follows: "If you look through the studies described in Table 4, you will see multiple studies in oxidative stress/free radical damage, on changes in tissue structure(sometimes called remodeling),on cellular DNA damage,on male fertility(and also one on female fertility), on behavioral changes and on neurological changes. There is also one study on insulin/type 2 diabetes (hormonal effect). It follows from this that five of the effects that were extensively documented in large numbers of reviews (Chapter 1)are further demonstrated to be produced by cell phone radiation in these studies. In addition the tissue remodeling and proteomic changes discussed in Chapter 3 are also further demonstrated here." It can be seen from Tables 4 & 5 and the preceding two paragraphs, that there is a vast amount of literature on repeatedly found effects of cell phone radiation, effects which make a mockery of the completely undocumented and non-specific FDA claims to the contrary. Let's look at another part of the FDA statement which also shows similarities to statements made elsewhere [131]: The biological effects of radiofrequency energy should not be confused with the effects from other types of electromagnetic energy. Very high levels of electromagnetic energy, such as is found in X-rays and gamma rays can ionize biological tissues. Ionization is a process where electrons are stripped away from their normal locations in atoms and molecules. It can permanently damage biological tissues including DNA, the genetic material. The energy levels associated with radiofrequency energy, including both radio waves and microwaves, are not great enough to cause the ionization of atoms and molecules. Therefore, RF energy is a type of non-ionizing radiation. Other types of non-ionizing radiation include visible light, infrared radiation (heat) and other forms of electromagnetic radiation with relatively low frequencies. This is almost identical to another Samsung statement and also to an FCC statement that I have not copied. Here is the Samsung statement [133]: The biological effects of RF energy should not be confused with the effects from other types of electromagnetic energy. 75 HEARING COMMENT Very high levels of electromagnetic energy, such as is found in X-rays and gamma rays, can ionize biological tissues. Ionization is a process where electrons are stripped away from their normal locations in atoms and molecules. It can permanently damage biological tissues including DNA, the genetic material. The energy levels associated with radio frequency energy, including both radio waves and microwaves, are not great enough to cause ionization of atoms and molecules. Therefore, RF energy is a type of non-ionizing radiation. Other types of non-ionizing radiation include visible light, infrared radiation (heat), and other forms of electromagnetic radiation with relatively low frequencies. While RF energy does not ionize particles, large amounts can increase body temperatures and cause tissue damage. Two areas of the body, the eyes and the testes, are particularly vulnerable to RF heating because there is relatively little blood flow in them to carry away excess heat. The three paragraphs from the FDA statement are word for word identical to the first three paragraphs of the Samsung statement. The last paragraph in the Samsung statement was deleted from the FDA statement. It is clear from this that either the FDA statement is derived from the earlier industry statement rather than the other way around or both are derived from a previous statement similar to the Samsung statement. These types of statements have given rise to shorter statements that are all something like the following: Non-ionizing radiation consists of photons that do not have enough energy to break chemical bonds including the chemical bonds of DNA. All of these statements are technically correct. They are also highly misleading. They are often falsely interpreted as meaning that there cannot be any effects of non-ionizing, non-thermal EMF exposures including indirect effects. There are many possible indirect effects that may occur, given the complexity of biology. But our situation goes way beyond that, because we know that most of the effects are produced via VGCC activation which produces,as downstream effects,the free radical breakdown products of peroxynitrite (Fig. 1, Chapter 2). Those free radical breakdown products attack DNA,proteins and other biological constituents in ways that are very similar to the ways in which ionizing radiation attack these same molecules. Ionizing radiation was shown by Arthur Compton, who won the Nobel prize in physics in 1927, for showing that ionizing radiation produces large numbers of free radicals through what has become known as Compton scattering, with those free radicals being responsible for most of the biological effects of ionizing radiation. So the often repeated industry claim that ionizing radiation is dangerous but non-ionizing radiation is not, is wrong—both of them produce similar effects mediated through free radical generation. However the dangers of non-ionizing radiation may eclipse the dangers of ionizing radiation under some conditions because of something that is discussed early in Chapter 5, at the end of the Speit/Schwarz discussion. There are three processes which occur in the sequence by which EMF activation leads to peroxynitrite breakdown product radicals, each of which have high levels of amplification (each discussed on p. 29 in Chapter 5). Thus potentially and I believe actually microwave frequency EMFs can produce under suitable conditions, much more efficient free radical production than occurs from a similar energy level of ionizing radiation. 76 HEARING COMMENT The FDA may have had a long history of playing fast and loose with the truth. For example, Microwave News article published in 2003,provides this account of what occurred at the FDA in 1993 [134]: 1993 FDA Memo Data "Strongly Suggest" Microwaves Can Promote Cancer. In the spring of 1993 at the height of the public concern over cell phone brain tumor risks, the Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA) biologists concluded [134] that the available data "strongly suggest" that microwaves can "accelerate the development of cancer." This assessment is from an internal agency memo recently obtained by Microwave News under the Freedom of Information Act. "Of approximately eight chronic animal experiments known to us, five resulted in increased numbers of malignancies, accelerated progression of tumors, or both" wrote Drs. Mays Swicord and Larry Cress of FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) in Rockville, MD. They also pointed to other evidence from laboratory (in vitro) studies which supported cancer risk. Yet in its public statements at that time, the agency played down these findings [134]. For instance in a Talk Paper issued in early February, the FDA stated that there was "limited evidence that suggests that lower levels (of microwaves) might cause adverse effects." "A few studies suggest that (microwave) levels (from cellular phones) can accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory animals," the FDA added [134], "but there is much uncertainty among scientists about whether these results apply to the use of cellular phones." I have three comments. Firstly, if you look at the 35 citations in the list on cancer causation in Chapter 1, you will see that there are 8 citations (#s 2-7 & 15 & 19)which provide similar evidence of stimulation of tumor promotion, four of which (#s 3-6)were published around 1993, the time of the FDA memo and public statement described above. Therefore, there was a substantial literature including peer-reviewed primary literature and review articles which produced similar conclusions to those of the FDA internal memo. The importance of the memo is that the FDA knew about these findings and opted to cover them up. Secondly if you compare the rhetoric in the 1993 memo with the first quote from the current FDA web site quoted in this section, you will see some striking similarities. They both first refer to"a few studies" which are not identified, followed by raising uncertainties and then finally raising doubt as to whether these findings apply to cell phone radiation. The pattern of the FDA rhetoric has not changed much in 25 years. If one includes the middle statement also quoted from the FDA web site, we have three FDA statements each of which downplays any biological effects and each of which are strongly rebutted by extensive peer-reviewed independent scientific literature. I'm not sure we can say the FDA has been corrupted by the industry, but what we can say is that it has been functioning as if it has been corrupted for 25 years. In mid-2009 Margaret A. Hamburg, the new commissioner of the FDA, and Joshua M. Sharfstein, her principal deputy commissioner, published a commentary article in the New England Journal of Medicine [135] which included the following: 77 HEARING COMMENT "One of the greatest challenges facing any public health agency is that of risk communication. ... The FDA's job is to minimize risks through education, regulation, and enforcement. To be credible in all these tasks, the agency must communicate frequently and clearly about risks and benefits—and about what organizations and individuals can do to minimize risk. When, like the FDA, Americans must make choices about medication, devices, foods, or nutrition in the absence of perfect information, the FDA cannot delay in providing reasonable guidance —guidance that informs rather than causes unnecessary anxiety. For these communications to have credibility, the public must trust the agency to base its decisions on science." These were and are laudable goals. As far as I can tell,with regard to EMF effects, the FDA has failed to base either its communications or its decisions on science. Summary of Chapter 6 In the areas discussed in Chapter 6 what used to be the primacy of U.S. science has completely disintegrated. It has disintegrated because of the cessation of U.S. government funding for either experimental studies or epidemiological studies. It has disintegrated due to attacks on U.S. and International scientists, attacks that started in the U.S. with the attacks on Dr. Henry Lai. It has disintegrated because of aggressive industry propaganda,propaganda that has no connection with the real science. It has disintegrated because of the outright corruption of the committee to set standards for radio-frequency exposures and the FCC and the possible and de facto corruption of the FDA. The telecommunications industry has been aware of much of the problems with their approach since the 1999 letter to them from George Carlo. The FCC has been aware of much more of the science since my presentation to them in September 2016. The FDA has been aware of contrary findings since 1993. Each of them has, if anything, doubled down on their fictions since those respective times. Many of these things are going on internationally; however the U.S. has often been leading the world in these processes. All of the actions we have seen to corrupt the science and public understanding of the science have the effect of making it vastly more difficult for individuals impacted by the EMFs to protect themselves from further harm. We have many effects that are cumulative and become irreversible as they become more severe, effects that impact at a minimum, tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people elsewhere in the world. Industrial and regulatory organizations make it difficult or impossible for people to have scientifically valid information also make it difficult or impossible for people to protect themselves from the accumulation of these effects, leading to severe irreversible effects. Each of the organizations involved, both U.S. and international that collaborate in this process, have important responsibility for the consequences. I think damage goes way beyond tens and hundreds of millions of people, because I think we are looking at cumulative severe impact on our brain function,on our reproductive function and on our DNA, and that these, in turn will lead to the crash of every single technologically advanced country on earth, barring a major change in course. That will happen fairly quickly, in my opinion, even without 5G but 5G will greatly speed up the process and perhaps even add new egregious effects Chanter 7: The Great Risks of 5G: What We Know and What We Don't Know We have already discussed two issues that are essential to understanding 5G. One is that pulsed EMFs are, in most cases, much more biologically active than are non-pulsed (often called 78 HEARING COMMENT continuous wave) EMFs. A second is that the EMFs act by putting forces on the voltage sensor of the VGCCs, opening these calcium channels and allowing excessive calcium ions to flow into the cell. The voltage sensor is extraordinarily sensitive to those electrical forces, such that the safety guidelines are allowing us to be exposed to EMFs that are something like 7.2 million times too high. The reason that the industry has decided to go to the extremely high frequencies of 5G is that with such extremely high frequencies, it is possible to carry much more information via much more pulsation than it is possible to carry with lower frequencies even in the microwave range. We can be assured, therefore,that 5G will involve vastly more pulsation than do EMFs that we are currently exposed to. It follows from that,that any biological safety test of 5G must use the very rapid pulsations including whatever very short term spikes may be present, that are to be present in genuine 5G. There is an additional process that is planned to be used in 5G: phased arrays (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased_array). Here multiple antenna elements act together to produce highly pulsed fields which are designed for 5G, to produce increased penetration. 5G will entail particularly powerful pulsations to be used, which may, therefore, be particularly hazardous. The only data we have, to my knowledge,on millimeter wave frequencies of 5G used non pulsed EMFs in the millimeter frequency range of 5G, not genuine 5G. Such millimeter waves have been shown to produce a number of downstream effects of VGCC activation. One millimeter wave study showed that it activated both the VGCCs and also the voltage-gated potassium channels, suggesting that it worked via the voltage sensor, as do other EMFs [136]. Any such data tells us almost nothing about how biologically active genuine very highly pulsed 5G will be. I take it that from their statements, that both Mr. Ryan and Dr. Vinciunas are ready to put out lOs of millions of 5G antennae to afflict every single person in the EU with 5G radiation without even a single biological test of safety of genuine 5G. In the U.S., the FCC has taken a much worse position. The FCC is not only willing to allow such completely untested exposures but has also been has been aggressively pushing to promote installation of 5G antennae, such that antennae are already being installed in parts of the U.S. In a world where shocking behavior has become less and less shocking, I consider EU and U.S. views and actions to be shocking. The U.S. situation is mass insanity. I would have hoped that the Europeans,who think of themselves as being much more thoughtful than Americans, would have been genuinely more thoughtful. Why does 5G need such high numbers of antennae? It is because the 5G radiation is much more absorbed as it enters various materials. The approach is to use many more antennae with one found every few houses, such that 5G can sufficiently penetrate local walls. Such absorption usually involves the interaction with electrically charged groups, such that such high absorption is likely to involve placing forces on electrically charged groups. Because such forces are the way in which EMFs activate the VGCCs, it seems highly likely, therefore, that 5G radiation will be particularly active in VGCC activation. In summary, then, 5G is predicted to be particularly dangerous for each of four different reasons: 1. The extraordinarily high numbers of antennae that are planned. 2. The very high energy outputs which will be used to ensure penetration. 3. The extraordinarily high pulsation levels. 4. The apparent high level interactions of the 5G frequency on charged groups presumably including the voltage sensor charged groups. Now what the telecommunications industry argues is that 5G radiation will be mostly absorbed in the outer 1 or 2 mm of the body, such that they claim that we don't have to worry about the effects. There is some truth to that, but there are also some caveats that make any conclusions 79 HEARING COMMENT made from that, much more suspect. In any case,these surface effects of 5G will have especially strong impact on organisms with much higher surface to volume ratios. Consequently, I predict that many organisms will be much more impacted than we will. This includes insects and other arthropods,birds and small mammals and amphibia. It includes plants including even large trees, because trees have leaves and reproductive organs that are highly exposed. I predict there will be major ecological disasters as a consequence of 5G. This will include vast conflagrations because EMF exposures make plants much more flammable. But let's get back to humans. The industry has also made claims that more conventional microwave frequency EMFs are limited in effect to the outer 1 cm of the body. We know that is not true,however because of the effects deep in the human brain,on the heart and on hormone systems. Perhaps the most important two studies demonstrating effects deep within the body are the studies of Professor Hassig and his colleagues in Switzerland on cataract formation in newborn calves [137,138]. These two studies clearly show that when pregnant cows are grazing near mobile phone base stations(also called cell phone towers),the calves are born with very greatly increased incidences of cataracts. It follows from these findings that even though the developing fetuses are very deep in the body of the mother and should be highly protected from the EMF exposures, they are not so protected. And because the EMF safety guidelines in Switzerland are 100 times more stringent than are the safety guidelines in most of the rest of Europe, in the U.S., Canada and most of the rest of the world, the more general safety guidelines allow greatly excessive exposures and penetration of effects. The claims of industry that microwave frequency EMFs only act in the outer centimeter of the body are clearly false. How then can both conventional microwave frequency EMFs and 5G radiation act deeply within the body? You may correctly observe that the electrical effects of the EMFs activate the voltage sensor and that the direct electrical forces are rapidly attenuated in the body. So how can we get deep effects? I think the answer is that the magnetic parts of the EMFs have been known for decades to penetrate much more deeply than do the electrical parts. The magnetic fields put forces on mobile electrically charged groups dissolved in the aqueous phases of the body and small individual movements of the charged groups can regenerate electric fields that are essentially identical to the electric fields of the original EMFs, carrying the same frequency and same pulsation pattern, although with lower intensity. An example of this is given in the Lu and Ueno [139] study. Because the voltage sensor is so stunningly sensitive to electrical forces and part of the reason for that is the very high level of amplification of the electrical field across the plasma membrane, we have an almost perfect way in which to produce EMF effects deeply within our bodies. I am very concerned that 5G may produce effects like those we already see produced from lower frequency EMFs but are much more severe. I am also concerned that we will also see responses that are qualitatively different. Let me give you three possible examples of the latter type and one quantitative example. Each of the four types of blindness, have downstream effects of VGCC activation as causal factors: cataracts,detached retinas, glaucoma and macular degeneration. The aqueous and vitreous humors in the eye may be an ideal environment for the regeneration of the electrical fields within the eye. We may, therefore have a gigantic epidemic of each of the four types of blindness. Another concern focuses on kidney dysfunction, which was shown in Chapter 5 to be impacted by EMFs. The kidneys have much fluid, both blood and also what will become urine, which may allow efficient the regeneration of electrical fields. Such regeneration may be expected to impact both the glomerular filtration and also the reabsorption, both essential to kidney function. Does this mean that 5G will produce very large increases in kidney failure? The only way to find out is to do biological safety testing of genuine 5G radiation. Let me give you a third example. Fetuses and very young babies have much more water in their bodies than do 80 HEARING COMMENT adults. Therefore,they may be a special risk for impacts of 5G, because of great increases in the regeneration of the electrical fields. Here one can think of all kinds of possibilities. Let me suggest two. We may have a gigantic (sorry about using that word again) epidemic of spontaneous abortion due the teratogenic effects. Another possibility is that instead of autism being one birth in 38, however horrendous that is, it could be one out of two,or even a majority of births. I don't know that these will happen, but these are the kinds of risks we are taking and there are many others one can think of. Putting in tens of millions of 5G antennae without a single biological test of safety has got to be about the stupidest idea anyone has had in the history of the world. This brings us back to the earlier point. The only way to do 5G safety testing is to do genuine 5G biological safety testing. I have published on how this can be done relatively easily at relatively low cost and have, as you saw in the Chapter 6,told the FCC how this can be done. Those tests must be done by organizations completely independent of industry and that leaves out both ICNIRP and SCENIHR and a lot of other organizations. Now we will get into the precautionary principle which is specially relevant to the EU but may have lessons for all of us. Dr. Vinciunas' last full paragraph reads as follows: "The recourse to the EU's precautionary principle to stop distribution of 5G products appears too drastic a measure. We need first to see how this technology will be applied and how the scientific evidence will evolve. Please be assured that the Commission will keep abreast of the scientific evidence in view of safeguarding the health of European citizens at the highest level possible and in line with its mandate." Article 191 defines the Precautionary Principle as follows: "According to the European Commission the precautionary principle may be invoked when a phenomenon,product or process may have a dangerous effect,identified by a scientific and objective evaluation, if this evaluation does not allow the risk to be determined with sufficient certainty. Recourse to the principle belongs in the general framework of risk analysis(which, besides risk evaluation, includes risk management and risk communication and more particularlyin the ), context of risk management which corresponds to the decision-making phase. The Commission stresses that the precautionary principle may only be invoked in the event of a potential risk and that it can never justify arbitrary decisions. The precautionary principle may only be invoked when the three preliminary conditions are met: identification of potentially adverse effects; evaluation of the scientific data available; the extent of scientific uncertainty." The question now is what about 5G? We have with 5G strong suspicions of similar or much more severe risk of effects documented elsewhere in this document. We have no biological safety testing of genuine 5G radiation. Therefore, we have no risk analysis or risk management because we have no risk assessment whatsoever on 5G. So here we have Dr. Vinciunas arguing that the request for precautionary principle application is premature. But it is not the request for 81 HEARING COMMENT the use of the precautionary principle that is premature, it is the Commission's claim that it has done the required risk analysis and risk assessment. This is the bizarre world that we live in. The European Commission has done nothing to protect European citizens from the very serious health hazards and the U.S. FDA, EPA and National Cancer Institute have done nothing to protect U.S. citizens. The U.S. FCC has been worse than that, acting in wanton disregard for our health. Let me close, as follows. There have been certain points in our history where people have stood up to strong destructive forces against what often appeared to be insurmountable odds. Those people are THE most honored people in our history. The people who failed to do so are among the most despised people in our history. 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[137] Hassig M, Jud F, Naegeli H, Kupper J, Spiess BM. 2009 Prevalence of nuclear cataract in Swiss veal calves and its possible association with mobile telephone antenna base stations. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 151:471-478. [138] Hassig M,Jud F, Spiess B. 2012 [Increased occurrence of nuclear cataract in the calf after erection of a mobile phone base station]. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 154:82-86. [139] Lu M, Ueno S. 2013 Calculating the induced electromagnetic fields in real human heads by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation. 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Book Series. Osaka Japan,pp.795-798. 90 HEARING COMMENT A Perspective on The Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) Issue This document has been prepared to summarize the primary issues that the BOCC of Clallam County should consider when determining their positions on a potential ordnance related to EMF deployments in Clallam County. Text in italics have been copied from the referenced documents. EMF is a very complex issue. It has technical, legal and political ramifications. Regardless, the protection of the health and safety of citizens should be based on science, not politics, greed nor propaganda. As a means of simplifying the technical aspects, the following clarifications are offered: 1. Technical a. 5G is deliberatively discussed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and telecommunications industry as a benign, principally cellphone, related technology. That posit is simply not factual. 5G, as a term used herein, actually encompasses all the RF frequencies from 300 MHz to 300 GHz in the RF spectrum. It includes smart meters, WIFI (2.45 GHz band), 3,4 and 5G cellphones, automotive sensors, security scanners, satellite up/down links, commercial and industrial applications of communication technology and tracking and detection systems. b. The prefix micro- in microwave is not meant to suggest a wavelength in the micrometer range. Rather, it indicates that microwaves are "small" (having shorter wavelengths), compared to the radio waves used prior to microwave technology. The boundaries between far infrared, terahertz radiation, microwaves, and ultra-high- frequency radio waves are fairly arbitrary and are used variously between different fields of study. Reference: https:/len.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave c. Zero health related studies have been supplied for peer review at the higher frequency portions of the spectrum. d. The impact of microwaves and related EMF is verifiable in these latest reports of weaponized microwave induced effects at diplomatic embassies. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/report-finds-microwave-energy- likely-made-us-diplomats-ill/2020/12/05/71c2b818-3768-l leb-9699- 00d311 f 13d2d story.html e. This reference points to a new DARPA initiative and report on EMF causing severe reactions to young, experienced and well-trained USAF pilots. https://emf-experts.news/emf-exposre-in-cockpits/ f. This reference points to a German study documenting the effects of microwaves on insect life as researched in Germany. i. hops://citizensfor5gawareness.org/2020/09/17/mobile-phone-radiation-may-be-killing-insects- german-study/ 2. Legal a. It has been suggested that the existence of a Federal law, the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) obviates the need for a Clallam County ordinance requiring its compliance. This argument is both sophomoric and disingenuous. If posits that the mere existence of a law is sufficient to ensure its compliance. If this were an accurate posit, then major budget reductions could be realized by not enforcing driving regulations since speed limits constitute "existing law". HEARING COMMENT b. The FCC has attempted to obtain a ruling exempting them from the NEPA as they have universally failed to comply with the existing law. In a recent case, the courts have ruled that the FCC/industry must comply with the NEPA. Reference: https://ehtrust.org/for- immediate-release-appeals-court-unanimously-overturns-fcc-effort-to-eliminate-nepa-and- historic-review/ and https://scientists4wiredtech.com/2019/08/federal-court-overturns-fcc- order-bypassing-environmental-review-for-4q-5g-wireless-small-cell-densification/ c. The reason both "micro" and "millimeter" wave terms were defined for inclusion in the suggested ordinance is to prevent definitional differences enabling noncompliance based on a loose definition of frequencies of compliance. We reference the essential elements of any ordinance in the last paragraph of this missive. d. A Clallam County ordinance would simply ensure compliance for the submittal of Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact studies prior to the issuance of a franchise. 3. Health and environmental issues. This section contains excerpts (italicized)from Dr, Martin Pall's extensive research relating the technology of 5G to biological effects. Dr, Pall is a Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University. He is a recognized international resource related to EMF issues. His entire book is available free online at: https://peaceinspace.blogs.com/files/5g-emf-hazards--dr-martin-I.-pall--eu-emf2018-6-11 us3.pdf a. Summary of health effects 1. Attack our nervous systems including our brains leading to widespread neurological/neuropsychiatric effects and possibly many other effects. This nervous system attack is of great concern. 2. Attack our endocrine (that is hormonal) systems. In this context, the main things that make us functionally different from single celled creatures are our nervous system and our endocrine systems—even a simple planaria worm needs both of these. Thus the consequences of the disruption of these two regulatory systems is immense, such that it is a travesty to ignore these findings. 3. Produce oxidative stress and free radical damage, which have central roles in essentially all chronic diseases. 4. Attack the DNA of our cells, producing single strand and double strand breaks in cellular DNA and oxidized bases in our cellular DNA. These in turn produce cancer and also mutations in germ line cells which produce mutations in future generations. 5. Produce elevated levels of apoptosis (programmed cell death), events especially important in causing both neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. 6. Lower male and female fertility, lower sex hormones, lower libido and increased levels of spontaneous abortion and, as already stated, attack the DNA in sperm cells. 7. Produce excessive intracellular calcium[Ca2+1i and excessive calcium signaling. 8. Attack the cells of our bodies to cause cancer. Such attacks are thought to act via 15 different mechanisms during cancer causation. There is also a substantial literature showing that EMFs also cause other effects including life threatening cardiac effects (Chapter 3). In addition substantial evidence suggests EMF causation of very early onset dementias, including Alzheimer's, digital and other types of dementias (Chapter 3); and there is evidence that EMF exposures in utero and shortly after birth can cause ADHD and autism (Chapter 5). b. Mechanism of interactions with biological cells HEARING COMMENT i. Each of these effects is produced via the main mechanism of action of microwave/lower frequency EMFs, activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) (Chapter 2). The extraordinary sensitivity of the VGCC voltage sensor to the forces of the EMFs tells us that the current safety guidelines allow us to be exposed to EMF levels that are something like 7.2 million times too high. That sensitivity is predicted by the physics. Therefore, the physics and the biology are each pointing to the same mechanism of action of non-thermal EMFs. c. Lack of governmental action i. The European Commission has done nothing to protect European citizens from any of these very serious health hazards and the U.S. FDA, EPA and National Cancer Institute have done nothing to protect American citizens. The U.S. FCC has been much worse than that, acting vigorously with wanton disregard for our health. d. Safety Guidelines i. It can be seen, in summary, that we are far beyond the issue whether there are non- thermal EMF effects. Our current safety guidelines are based only on heating (thermal) effects. Heating is produced predominantly by forces on singly charged groups in the aqueous phases of the cell but the forces on the voltage sensor are approximately 7.2 million times higher. Therefore, our current safety guidelines are allowing us to be exposed to EMFs that are approximately 7.2 million times too strong. e. Cumulative and irreversibility effects i. Two questions that must be raised about the effects of these low-intensity EMFs producing biological effects is are they cumulative and are they reversible?I am aware of several different types of evidence for cumulative effects and also for irreversible effects. f. Factual nature of government-based positions i. The first set of flaws, is that SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks) is perfectly willing to make statements which they know or should have known are false. There is a vast literature, both in the review literature and in the primary literature studies, that disagrees strongly with the SCENIHR positions and is completely ignored by SCENIHR. Finally, we have three additional considerations which interact with each other to produce the completely bogus logic used by SCENIHR and by other organizations that have taken positions similar those taken by SCENIHR. One of those considerations comes from our knowledge that pulsation pattern, cell type, polarization and frequency can all influence biological effects and that there are exposure windows that produce much larger effects than are seen with either lower or higher intensities. g. Total absence of"pulsed" EMF studies i. All wireless communication devices put out polarized EMFs that carry information via pulsations. Both the pulsations and the polarization make these EMFs much more biologically active. The only data we have, to my knowledge, on millimeter wave frequencies of 5G used non-pulsed ii. The only data we have, to my knowledge, on millimeter wave frequencies of 5G used non-pulsed EMFs in the millimeter frequency range of 5G, not genuine 5G HEARING COMMENT iii. Switzerland has safety guidelines that are 100 times more stringent than ours, Russia has safety guidelines that are 1000 times more stringent than ours. h. Lack of regulatory agency transparency i. We in the U.S. often take great pride in our scientific research. That is, of course, especially true of U.S. scientists, of which I am one. We have far more Nobel laureates than any other country so we think of ourselves as being the #1 science country in the world. But we have had, over the past 20 years, almost no scientific primary literature studies, either laboratory studies or epidemiological studies, on non-thermal microwave frequency EMF effects. i. Attacks by the Telecommunications Industry on U.S. Scientists i. Dr. Henry Lai from the University of Washington and a collaborator, NP Singh were using the alkaline comet assay, discussed earlier in this document to measure single stranded breaks in cellular DNA. They found a substantial elevation of the levels following low level EMF exposure in late 1994. Before that finding had even been published, they found that they were targets of a severe attack from the telecommunications industry. j. Scientific references related to the environmental effects on plants i. In any case, these surface effects of 5G will have especially strong impact on organisms with much higher surface to volume ratios. Consequently, I predict that many organisms will be much more impacted than we will. This includes insects and other arthropods, birds and small mammals and amphibia. It includes plants including even large trees, because trees have leaves and reproductive organs that are highly exposed. I predict there will be major ecological disasters as a consequence of 5G. This will include vast conflagrations because EMF exposures make plants much more flammable. ii. References: 1. https://ehtrust.org/tree-damage-caused-mobile-phone-base-stations- observation-guide-helmut-breunig/ 2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25050479/ 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27552133/ k. International leaders with knowledge i. One question that can be asked is whether there are any major international political figures who appear to have a good understanding of the EMF/health issue? When I was asked that question, I was able to come up with only one person. That person is President Vladimir Putin of Russia. This inference comes from an interview of Dr. Dietrich Klinghardt, who practices in Seattle, by Dr. Joseph Mercola, that occurred in December 2017, an interview that was entirely focused on EMF health effects[1171 In that context Dr. Klinghardt states that a lecture that Putin gave to the Russian assembly said, "We do not need to go to war with America. America is committing collective suicide by the way they are using electricity. We just have to wait until they are all in the psychiatric hospital." When I saw that, I asked myself whether it is plausible that Vladimir Putin has a deep understanding of the neuropsychiatric effects of the EMFs?And then I thought, of course, Vladimir Putin was the head of the KGB when the latter studies reviewed by Dr. Karl Hecht HEARING COMMENT [28]were being done in the Soviet Union, The most important effects that were shown to be produced by the EMFs, in those studies, were the neuropsychiatric effects. Furthermore, the Putin statement apparently shows not only a substantial understanding of those effects but also the fact that they are cumulative and become irreversible, as shown in those studies[281 and in other studies discussed in Chapter 4. One thing that I would add is that President Putin apparently practices what he preaches. He avoids smart phones[1181. 4. Essential elements to be included in an ordinance: a. The hardware operational frequency range should be defined as 300 MHz through to 300 GHz of the RF spectrum. b. Compliance with the National Environmental Protection Act NEPA) should be required prior to the enactment or granting of any franchise by the BOCC. c. NEPA compliance shall require submission of environmental assessment (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs). All reports submitted by the requesting agency should be peer reviewed by scientists. Respectfully Submitted, Tony Corrado HEARING COMMENT Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 10:12 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds From: sewagesludge Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 10:11:33 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US&Canada) To:jeffbocc; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Kate Dean Subject: Cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. Jefferson County Commissioners Port Townsend WA 98382 RE: placing a cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds Dear Commissioners: It is recommended that you do not support a cell tower being erected in Jefferson County Fairgrounds. When these applications first started back in the 1990s,California,followed by Clallam County,opposed these within 1000 ft where children would be active. This included schools,churches,and playgrounds. We now know more about the seriousness of cell tower impacts and amounts of emitted radio frequencies. Hospitals are now considered off limits. Books have been written on this. I am providing you just a few links. Please,Commissioners,do your own homework before making a decision on whether to site a cell tower on publicly used land. https://www.sciencedailv.com/releases/2019/12/191203162553.htm https://ehtrust.org/cell-towers-and-cell-antennae/compilation-of-research-studies-on-cell-tower-radiation-and-health/ Thank you, Darlene Schanfald Protect Peninsula's Future PO Box 2664 Sequim WA 98382 1 `HEARING COMMENTI Science Dail y Your source for the latest research news Science News from research organizations Siting cell towers needs careful planning Date: December 3, 2019 Source: Michigan Technological University Summary: The health impacts of radio-frequency radiation (RFR)are still inconclusive, but the data to date warrants more caution in placing cell towers. An engineering team considers the current understanding of health impacts and possible solutions, which indicate a 500- meter(one third of a mile) buffer around schools and hospitals may help reduce risk for vulnerable populations. Share: f tIr ( in u FULL STORY No one can overengineer like an engineer. So introducing a little more caution into an existing engineering process is nothing much to ruffle feathers. A new paper published in Environmental Research offers insight on how to include simple precautionary approaches to siting cell towers. And there are many cell towers --and more coming --since almost everyone has a cell phone and the towers are being used for more data intensive applications. In the U.S., the Pew Research Center reports 96% of Americans own a cell phone of some kind, and smart phone ownership today has risen to 81% from 35% in 2011. Industry data reported by GSMA Intelligence estimates more than five billion people worldwide use mobile devices. All these devices work using electromagnetic waves, which expose people to low levels of radio-frequency radiation (RFR). "The research on the health impacts of RFR is still inconclusive. But some of the preliminary data gives us reason to be concerned,"said Joshua Pearce, a professor in electrical and materials engineering from Michigan Technological University who led the study, which reviews current data on RFR and HEARING COMMENT engineering solutions for placing towers. "I'm pro-tech and I'm pro-human, so I think there are ways for us to have our cell phones and minimize potential risk without waiting to find out that putting a cell tower on top of a school was a bad idea." Pearce and his team's solutions focus on getting companies to rethink where to place cell towers when they do a standard "search ring" map that prioritizes potential sites based on maximizing coverage for the least cost. Assessing tower placement is not a new idea; Canada and many European countries are looking into siting guidelines that help keep particularly vulnerable populations safe, like kids and those with illnesses. The handful of human studies reviewed in Pearce's paper indicate that proximity to base stations correlates with headaches, dizziness, depression and other neurobehavioral symptoms, as well as increased cancer risk. Animal studies also indicate that these effects may be cumulative. Given the current research, cell towers would be cautiously placed 500 meters, or about a third of a mile, away from schools, hospitals and lots of sleeping people in dense neighborhoods or high rises. The challenge in the U.S., unlike in India where such setback laws are already in place, is the laws that govern cell tower siting plans in Section 704 of The Telecommunications Act of 1996 specifically eliminate "environmental effects"from consideration. "This is a peculiar law, but saying that something is legal doesn't make it right or cost-effective in the long run," Pearce said. "It's in companies' best interests to be thoughtful about where to place cell towers; they don't want to move towers or be held responsible down the line. These effects are inadvertent-- but there are options to do it differently that can reduce potential health impacts and thus a company's future bottom line." In addition to revamping search ring mapping to include a 500-meter buffer, which doesn't impact the cost of the siting process but reduces future liability, Pearce says there are other more innovative options, like cell splitting and small cell deployment, that could also decrease RFR exposure. At the end of the day, it comes down to thinking before building. MAKE A DIFFERENCE: SPONSORED OPPORTUNITY HEARING COMMENT! Story Source: Materials provided by Michigan Technological University. Original written by Allison Mills. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Journal Reference: 1. J.M. Pearce. Limiting liability with positioning to minimize negative health effects of cellular phone towers. Environmental Research, 2019; 108845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108845 Cite This Page: MLA APA Chicago Michigan Technological University. "Siting cell towers needs careful planning." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 3 December 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191203162553.htm>. 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High Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation Associated With Cancer in Male Rats Nov. 1, 2018—The National Toxicology Program (NTP) concluded there is clear evidence that male rats exposed to high levels of radio frequency radiation (RFR) like that used in 2G and 3G cell phones developed ... FROM AROUND THE WEB ScienceDaily shares links with sites in the TrendMD network and earns revenue from third-party advertisers, where indicated. Free Subscriptions Get the latest science news with ScienceDaily's free email newsletters, updated daily and weekly. Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader: u Email Newsletters 1 RSS Feeds Follow Us Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: f Facebook IF Twitter in Linkedln Have Feedback? !HEARING COMMENT! Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily--we welcome both positive and negative comments. Have any problems using the site? Questions? 9 Leave Feedback t. Contact Us About This Site I Staff I Reviews I Contribute I Advertise I Privacy Policy I Editorial Policy I Terms of Use Copyright 2021 ScienceDaily or by other parties, where indicated. All rights controlled by their respective owners. Content on this website is for information only. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. —CCPA: Do Not Sell My Information — MIL HEARING COMMENT! ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST Select Page a Peer Reviewed Published Research on Cell Tower Radiation, Base Station Radiation and Health Effects Watch a CBS investigation into California firefighters fighting to halt cell towers on their firestations below. ConsumerWatch: 5G Cellphone Towers Signal Renewed... Watch on American Academy of Pediatrics Website HEARING COMMENT "Electromagnetic Fields:A Hazard to Your Health?"on Cell Tower Radiation "In recent years,concern has increased about exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones and phone station antennae.An Egyptian study confirmed concerns that living nearby mobile phone base stations increased the risk for developing: • Headaches • Memory problems • Dizziness • Depression • Sleep problems Short-term exposure to these fields in experimental studies have not always shown negative effects, but this does not rule out cumulative damage from these fields,so larger studies over longer periods are needed to help understand who is at risk. In large studies,an association has been observed between symptoms and exposure to these fields in the everyday environment." -American Academy of Pediatrics COMPILATION OF RESEARCH STUDIES ON CELL TOWER RADIATION AND HEALTH Anthony B. Miller, L. Lloyd Morgan, Iris Udasin, Devra Lee Davis, Cancer epidemiology update,following the 2011 IARC evaluation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Monograph 102), Environmental Research,Volume 167,2018, Pages 673-683, ISSN 0013-9351 • Radiofrequency radiation is emitted by cell towers.This review paper concludes that"Based on the evidence reviewed it is our opinion that HEARING COMMENTI IARC's current categorization of RFR as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) should be upgraded to Carcinogenic to Humans (Group 1)." Zothansiama,et al."Impact of radiofrequency radiation on DNA damage and antioxidants in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans residing in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations." Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 36.3 (2017): 295-305. • This study evaluated effects in the human blood of individuals living near mobile phone base stations (within 80 meters) compared with healthy controls (over 300 meters).The study found higher radiofrequency radiation exposures and statistically significant differences in the blood of people living closer to the cellular antennas. The group living closer to the antennas had for example,statistically significant higher frequency of micronuclei and a rise in lipid peroxidation in their blood.These changes are considered biomarkers predictive of cancer. Rodrigues NCP, Dode AC,Andrade MKdN,O'Dwyer G, Monteiro DLM, Reis INC, Rodrigues RP, Frossard VC, Lino VTS.The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031229 • For all cancers and for the specific types investigated (breast, cervix, lung, and esophagus cancers),the higher the exposure to RBS (radio base stations-cell antenna installations) radiofrequency,the higher the median of mortality rate. In capitals where radio base station radiofrequency exposure was higher than 000/antennas-year,the median of the breast cancer mortality rate was 27.33/100,000,while for all cancers, it was 111.68/100,000 (Table 1). !HEARING COMMENT! Meo,S.A.,Almahmoud, M.,Alsultan,Q.,Alotaibi, N.,Alnajashi, I.,& Najjar,W. M. (2018). Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students'Cognitive Health.American Journal of Men's Health. • High exposure to RF-EMF produced by mobile phone base station towers was associated with delayed fine and gross motor skills,spatial working memory, and attention in school adolescents compared to students who were exposed to low RF-EMF. Rodrigues NCP, Dode AC,Andrade MKdN, O'Dwyer G, Monteiro DLM, Reis INC, Rodrigues RP, Frossard VC, Lino VTS.The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3):1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031229 • "Conclusions:The balance of our results indicates that the exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from an RBS increases the rate of mortality by all cancers and specifically by breast,cervix, lung,and esophageal cancers.These conclusions are based on the fact that the findings of this study indicate that,the higher the RBS radiofrequency exposure,the higher the cancer mortality rate, especially for cervix cancer(adjust RR = 2.18).The spatial analysis showed that the highest RBS radiofrequency exposure was observed in a city located in the southern region of Brazil,which also showed the highest mortality rate for all types of cancer and specifically for lung and breast cancers." Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems.Yakymenko (2011) Exp Oncology, 33(2):62-70. HEARING COMMEN J • Even a year of operation of a powerful base transmitting station for mobile communication reportedly resulted in a dramatic increase of cancer incidence among population living nearby. Association of Exposure to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation (RF-EMFR) Generated by Mobile Phone Base Stations(MPBS) with Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,Sultan Ayoub Meo et al, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2015 • Elementary school students who were exposed to high RF-EMFR generated by MPBS had a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to their counterparts who were exposed to lower RF- EMFR. Isabel Lopez, Nazario Felix, Marco Rivera,Adrian Alonso,Ceferino Maestu.What is the radiation before 5G?A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid. Environmental Research.Volume 194, March 2021, 110734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110734. • Residents of a Madrid Spain neighborhood surrounded by nine telephone antennas took a survey. 105 measurements of electromagnetic radiation were taken both outside and inside the houses. People who were exposed to higher radiation values presented with more severe headaches,dizziness and nightmares and slept fewer hours. Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations Abdel-Rassoul et al, Neurotoxicology, 2007 • This study found that living nearby mobile phone base stations (cell antennas) increased the risk for neuropsychiatric problems such as headaches, memory problems,dizziness,tremors,depression, sleep problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions. Meo SA, Almahmoud M,Alsultan Q,Alotaibi N,Alnajashi I, Hajjar WM, Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students'Cognitive Health.Am J Mens Health.2018 Dec 7:1557988318816914.doi: 10.1177/1557988318816914. • This study investigated the impact of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation generated by mobile phone base station towers (MPBSTs)on cognitive functions.Two hundred and seventeen volunteer male students aged between 13 and 16 registered from two different intermediate schools: 124 students were from School 1 and 93 students were from School 2.The MPBSTs were located within 200 m from the schoolbuildings. In School 1, RF- EMF was 2.010 pW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz and in School 2, RF-EMF was 10.021 pW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz.Students were exposed to EMFR for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week for a total period of 2 years.The Narda Safety Test Solution device SRM-3006 was used to measure RF-EMF in both schools, and cognitive functions tasks were measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery(CANTAB).Significant impairment in Motor Screening Task (MOT; p = .03) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task ( p = .04)was identified among the group of students who were exposed to high RF-EMF produced by MPBSTs. High exposure to RF- EMF produced by MPBSTs was associated with delayed fine and gross motor skills,spatial working memory, and attention in school adolescents compared to students who were exposed to low RF-EMF. Biological Effects from Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Cell Tower Base Stations and Other Antenna Arrays, Levitt& Lai, Environmental Reviews, 2010 • This review of 100 studies found approximately 80%showed biological effects near towers."Both anecdotal reports and some epidemiology studies have found headaches,skin rashes,sleep disturbances,depression,decreased libido, increased rates of suicide, concentration problems,dizziness, memory changes, increased risk of 'HEARING COMMENT] cancer,tremors,and other neurophysiological effects in populations near base stations." Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations. Dode et al. (Brazil),Science of the Total Environment,Volume 409, Issue 19, 1 September 2011, Pages 3649-3665 • This 10 year study on cell phone antennas by the Municipal Health Department in Belo Horizonte and several universities in Brazil found a clearly elevated relative risk of cancer mortality at residential distances of 500 meters or less from cell phone transmission towers. Shortly after this study was published,the city prosecutor sued several cell phone companies and requested that almost half of the cities antennas be removed. Many antennas were dismantled. Pearce, M., Limiting liability with positioning to minimize negative health effects of cellular phone towers, Environmental Research,Volume 181, 2020, • "There is a large and growing body of evidence that human exposure to RFR from cellular phone base stations causes negative health effects including both i) neuropsychiatric complaints such as headache,concentration difficulties, memory changes,dizziness, tremors,depressive symptoms,fatigue and sleep disturbance,and ii) increased incidence of cancer and living in proximity to a cell- phone transmitter station."The author recommends long-term planning"to minimize the risk of liability from unintended human harm due to cellular phone base station siting" including voluntary restrictions on the placement of cellular phone base stations within 500 m of schools and hospitals." 1HEARING COMMENT Epidemiological Evidence for a Health Risk from Mobile Phone Base Stations Khurana, Hardell et al., International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health,Vol 16(3):263-267, 2010 • A review of 10 epidemiological studies that assessed for negative health effects of mobile phone base stations (4 studies were from Germany, and 1 each from Austria, Egypt, France, Israel, Poland,Spain) found that seven showed altered neurobehavioral effects near cell tower and three showed increased cancer incidence. The review also found that eight of the 10 studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances < 500 meters from base stations. None of the studies reported exposure above accepted international guidelines, suggesting that current guidelines may be inadequate in protecting the health of human populations. Health effects of living near mobile phone base transceiver station (BTS) antennae: a report from Isfahan, Iran. Shahbazi-Gahrouei et al, Electromagnetic Biology Medicine,2013. • This cross-sectional study found the symptoms of nausea, headache, dizziness, irritability, discomfort, nervousness,depression, sleep disturbance, memory loss and lowering of libido were statistically increased in people living closer than 300 m from cell antennas as compared to those living farther away.The study concludes that "antennas should not be sited closer than 300 m to people to minimize exposure." How does long term exposure to base stations and mobile phones affect human hormone profiles? Eskander EF et al, (2011),Clin Biochem `HEARING COMMENT` • RFR exposures significantly impacted ACTH,cortisol,thyroid hormones, prolactin for females, and testosterone levels for males. Investigation on the health of people living near mobile telephone relay stations: Incidence according to distance and sex Santini et al, 2002 , Pathol Bio • People living near mobile phone masts reported more symptoms of headache, sleep disturbance,discomfort, irritability,depression, memory loss and concentration problems the closer they lived to the installation. Study authors recommend that the minimal distance of people from cellular phone base stations should not be < 300 m. Navarro EA,Segura J, Portoles M,Gomez-Perretta C,The Microwave Syndrome:A preliminary Study. 2003 (Spain) Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine,Volume 22, Issue 2, (2003): 161 - 169 • Statistically significant positive exposure-response associations between RFR intensity and fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite,sleeping disorder,depressive tendency,feeling of discomfort,difficulty in concentration, loss of memory,visual disorder, dizziness and cardiovascular problems. Two Important Animal Studies on Radiofrequency Radiation These studies indicate that government limits are non protective. Government limits are based on the assumption that radiofrequency radiation is only harmful at thermal levels. However,the cancers developed in animals in these studies at radiation levels that were non thermal. !HEARING COMMENT' Falcioni et al.2018,"Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz base station environmental emission" Environmental Research Journal • Researchers with the renowned Ramazzini Institute (RI) in Italy performed a large-scale lifetime study of lab animals exposed to environmental levels (comparable to allowable limits from cell towers) of RFR radiation and found the rats developed increased cancers- schwannoma of the heart in male rats.This study confirms the $25 million US National Toxicology Program study which used much higher levels of cell phone radiofrequency(RF) radiation, but also reported finding the same unusual cancers as the Ramazzini- schwannoma of the heart in male rats. In addition,the RI study of cell tower radiation also found increases in malignant brain (glial) tumors in female rats and precancerous conditions including Schwann cells hyperplasia in both male and female rats. • "Our findings of cancerous tumors in rats exposed to environmental levels of RF are consistent with and reinforce the results of the US NTP studies on cell phone radiation,as both reported increases in the same types of tumors of the brain and heart in Sprague-Dawley rats. Together,these studies provide sufficient evidence to call for the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to re-evaluate and re-classify their conclusions regarding the carcinogenic potential of RFR in humans,"said Fiorella Belpoggi PhD,study author and RI Director of Research. • The Ramazzini study exposed 2448 Sprague-Dawley rats from prenatal life until their natural death to"environmental"cell tower radiation for 19 hours per day(1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of 5, 25 and 50 V/m). RI exposures mimicked base station emissions like those from cell tower antennas, and exposure levels were far less than those used in the NTP studies of cell phone radiation. • Watch Press Conference [HEARING COMMENT[ Wyde, Michael, et al."National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley®SD rats (Whole Body Exposure).Statement on conclusions of the peer review meeting by NIEHS, released after external peer review meeting and the DNA damage presentation. • This 25 million dollar study is the most complex study completed by the NTP and the world's largest rodent study on radiofrequency radiation exposure to date which found long term exposure at non thermal levels associated with brain cancer and schwannomas of the heart in male rats. In addition damage to heart was found in all exposure levels.The full report is expected to be released in Fall 2018. More Important Studies on Cell Tower Radiation Cindy L. Russell, 5 G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications, Environmental Research,2018, ISSN 0013-9351 • Radiofrequency radiation (RF) is increasingly being recognized as a new form of environmental pollution. This article reviews relevant electromagnetic frequencies, exposure standards and current scientific literature on the health implications of 2G, 3G,4G and 5G. • Effects can also be non-linear. Because this is the first generation to have cradle-to-grave lifespan exposure to this level of man-made microwave (RF EMR) radiofrequencies, it will be years or decades before the true health consequences are known. Precaution in the roll out of this new technology is strongly indicated. !HEARING COMMENT] Noa Betzalel, Paul Ben lshai,Yuri Feldman,The human skin as a sub-THz receiver - Does 5G pose a danger to it or not?, Environmental Research, Volume 163, 2018, Pages 208-216, ISSN 0013-9351, • Researchers have developed a unique simulation tool of human skin, taking into account the skin multi-layer structure together with the helical segment of the sweat duct embedded in it.They found that the presence of the sweat duct led to a high specific absorption rate(SAR) of the skin in extremely high frequency band that will be used in 5G. "One must consider the implications of human immersion in the electromagnetic noise,caused by devices working at the very same frequencies as those,to which the sweat duct (as a helical antenna) is most attuned.We are raising a warning flag against the unrestricted use of sub-THz technologies for communication, before the possible consequences for public health are explored." Mobile phone infrastructure regulation in Europe: Scientific challenges and human rights protection Claudia Roda,Susan Perry, Environmental Science& Policy,Volume 37, March 2014, Pages 204-214. • This article was published in Environmental Science& Policy by human rights experts. It argues that cell tower placement is a human rights issue for children. • "We argue that(1) because protection of children is a high threshold norm in Human Right law and (2) the binding language of the Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States Parties to provide a higher standard of protection for children than adults,any widespread or systematic form of environmental pollution that poses a long-term threat to a child's rights to life,development or health may constitute an international human rights violation. • In particular we have explained how the dearth of legislation to regulate the installation of base stations (cell towers) in close proximity to children's facilities and schools clearly constitutes a human rights concern according to the language of the Convention on 'HEARING COMMENT the Rights of the Child, a treaty that has been ratified by all European States. SAFETY ZONE DETERMINATION FOR WIRELESS CELLULAR TOWER Nyakyi et al,Tanzania (2013) • This research looked at the radiation that cell towers emit and states a safety zone is needed around the towers to ensure safe sleeping areas. The authors state that"respective authorities should ensure that people reside far from the tower by 120m or more depending on the power transmitted to avoid severe health effect." A cross-sectional case control study on genetic damage in individuals residing in the vicinity of a mobile phone base station.Ghandi et al, 2014 (India): • This cross-sectional case control study on genetic damage in individuals living near cell towers found genetic damage parameters of DNA were significantly elevated.The authors state,"The genetic damage evident in the participants of this study needs to be addressed against future disease-risk,which in addition to neurodegenerative disorders, may lead to cancer." Human disease resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields, Carpenter, D. O. Reviews on Environmental Health,Volume 28, Issue 4, Pages 159172. • This review summarizes the evidence stating that excessive exposure to magnetic fields from power lines and other sources of electric current increases the risk of development of some cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, and that excessive exposure to RF MEANING COMMENT radiation increases risk of cancer, male infertility,and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Signifikanter Ruckgang klinischer Symptome nach Senderabbau -eine Interventionsstudie. (English-Significant Decrease of Clinical Symptoms after Mobile Phone Base Station Removal -An Intervention Study) Tetsuharu Shinjyo and Akemi Shinjyo, 2014 Umwelt-Medizin- Gesellschaft,27(4),S. 294-301. • Japanese study Showed Statistically Significant Adverse Health Effects from electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations. Residents of a condominium building that had cell tower antennas on the rooftop were examined before and after cell tower antennas were removed. In 1998,800MHz cell antennas were installed,then later in 2008 a second set of antennas (2GHz)were installed. Medical exams and interviews were conducted before and after the antennas were removed in 2009 on 107 residents of the building who had no prior knowledge about possible.These results lead researchers to question the construction of mobile phone base stations on top of buildings such as condominiums or houses. Effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms on Genetic Damage in Humans Populations Exposed to Radiation From Mobile Towers.Gulati S,Yadav A, Kumar N, Kanupriya,Aggarwal NK, Kumar R,Gupta R.,Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] • In our study, 116 persons exposed to radiation from mobile towers and 106 control subjects were genotyped for polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using alkaline comet assay in terms of tail moment (TM) value and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). Our results 'HEARING COMMENT] indicated that TM value and BMN frequency were higher in an exposed population compared with a control group and the difference is significant. In our study,we found that different health symptoms, such as depression, memory status, insomnia, and hair loss,were significantly associated with exposure to EMR. Damaging effects of nonionizing radiation result from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent radical formation and from direct damage to cellular macromolecules including DNA. Subjective symptoms,sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations, Hutter HP et al, (May 2006),Occup Environ Med. 2006 May;63(5):307-13 • Found a significant relationship between some cognitive symptoms and measured power density in 365 subjects; highest for headaches. Perceptual speed increased,while accuracy decreased insignificantly with increasing exposure levels. Oberfeld,A.E. Navarro, M. Portoles,C. Maestu,C.Gomez-Perretta,The microwave syndrome:further aspects of a Spanish study, • A health survey was carried out in La Nora, Murcia,Spain, in the vicinity of two GSM 900/1800 MHz cellular phone base stations.The adjusted (sex,age,distance) logistic regression model showed statistically significant positive exposure-response associations between the E-field and the following variables:fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite, sleeping disorder,depressive tendency,feeling of discomfort,difficulty in concentration, loss of memory,visual disorder,dizziness and cardiovascular problems. HEARING COMMENT Bortkiewicz et al, 2004(Poland),Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations: review,Med Pr.2004;55(4):345-51. • Residents close to mobile phone masts reported: more incidences of circulatory problems,sleep disturbances, irritability,depression, blurred vision and concentration difficulties the nearer they lived to the mast. • The performed studies showed the relationship between the incidence of individual symptoms,the level of exposure,and the distance between a residential area and a base station. Wolf R and Wolf D, Increased Incidence of Cancer Near a Cell-phone Transmitter Station, International Journal of Cancer Prevention, (Israel) VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2,APRIL 2004 • A significant higher rate of cancer (300% increase) among all residents living within 300m radius of a mobile phone mast for between three and seven years was detected. • 900%cancer increase among women alone • In the area of exposure(area A) eight cases of different kinds of cancer were diagnosed in a period of only one year.This rate of cancers was compared both with the rate of 31 cases per 10,000 per year in the general population and the 2/1222 rate recorded in the nearby clinic (area B).The study indicates an association between increased incidence of cancer and living in proximity to a cell-phone transmitter station. Changes of Neurochemically Important Transmitters under the influence of modulated RF fields -A Long Term Study under Real Life Conditions(Germany), Bucher and Eger, 2011 [HEARING COMMENTI • German study showing elevated levels of stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline), and lowered dopamine and PEA levels in urine in area residents during 1st 6 months of cell tower installation. Even after 1.5 years,the levels did not return to normal. The Influence of Being Physically Near to a Cell Phone Transmission Mast on the Incidence of Cancer(Umwelt•Medizin•Gesellschaft 17,4 2004) Eger et al,2004(Germany) • 200% increase in the incidence of malignant tumors was found after five years'exposure in people living within 400m radius of a mobile phone mast.The proportion of newly developing cancer cases is significantly higher among patients who live within 400 meters of a cell phone transmitter. Early age of cancer diagnosis. Microwave electromagnetic fields act by activating voltage-gated calcium channels:why the current international safety standards do not predict biological hazard. Martin L. Pall. Recent Res. Devel. Mol.Cell Biol. 7(2014). • "It can be seen from the above that 10 different well-documented microwave EMF effects can be easily explained as being a consequence of EMF VGCC activation: oxidative stress, elevated single and double strand breaks in DNA,therapeutic responses to such gp p EMFs, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier,cancer, melatonin loss, sleep dysfunction, male infertility and female infertility." Pall ML. 2015. Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression.J. Chem. Neuroanat. 2015 Aug 20. HEARING COMMENT • Non-thermal microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) act via voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. • Two U.S.government reports from the 1970s to 1980s provide evidence for many neuropsychiatric effects of non-thermal microwave EMFs, based on occupational exposure studies. 18 more recent epidemiological studies, provide substantial evidence that microwave EMFs from cell/mobile phone base stations, excessive cell/mobile phone usage and from wireless smart meters can each produce similar patterns of neuropsychiatric effects,with several of these studies showing clear dose-response relationships. • Lesser evidence from 6 additional studies suggests that short wave, radio station,occupational and digital TV antenna exposures may produce similar neuropsychiatric effects.Among the more commonly reported changes are sleep disturbance/insomnia, headache, depression/depressive symptoms,fatigue/tiredness,dysesthesia, concentration/attention dysfunction, memory changes,dizziness, irritability, loss of appetite/body weight, restlessness/anxiety, nausea, skin burning/tingling/dermographism and EEG changes. In summary, then,the mechanism of action of microwave EMFs,the role of the VGCCs in the brain,the impact of non-thermal EMFs on the brain, extensive epidemiological studies performed over the past 50 years, and five criteria testing for causality,all collectively show that various non-thermal microwave EMF exposures produce diverse neuropsychiatric effects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST Environmental Health Trust info@ehtrust.org !HEARING COMMENT P.O.Box 58 Teton Village WY 83025 Express mail: 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest Teton Village WY 83025 NEWSLETTER To receive email updates,environmental tips,promotions to support our work and more from EHT,please sign up. DONATE Your tax-deductible donation will fund life-saving research,education and prevention efforts. PATREON EHT is crowdfunding with Patreon.Your patronage will allow us to develop more educational resources and materials. 'HEARING COMMENT' f O ©2020 Environmental Health Trust HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Tom Thiersch <tprosys@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:03 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: FCC - cell tower siting CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization.Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Regarding the FCC's dominion over cell tower siting: https://www.cqa.ct.qov/PS98/rpt%5Colr%5Chtm/98-R-0038.htm "Section 704 of the act deals with the siting of wireless telecommunications facilities. ... Specifically, it prohibits state or local regulations from (1) having the effect of prohibiting the provision of wireless services or(2) unreasonably discriminating among providers of functionally equivalent services." and https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/08/fcc-beats-cities-in-court-helping-carriers-avoid-2-billion-in-local-5g- fees/ "The Federal Communications Commission has defeated dozens of cities in court, with judges ruling that the FCC can preempt local fees and regulations imposed on wireless carriers deploying 5G networks. The ruling is good news for AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile." I hope this in helpful to your deliberations. Tom Thiersch Jefferson County i HEARING COMMENTI Topic: CONNECTICUT SITING COUNCIL; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; Location: TELECOMMUNICATIONS; Scope: Federal laws/regulations; �N,,,aOLR RESEARCH REPORT __, January 16, 1998 98-R-0038 TO: FROM: Kevin E. McCarthy, Principal Analyst RE: Federal Law Regarding Siting Telecommunications Towers You asked: 1. Whether there are any constitutional grounds to challenge section 704 of the federal Telecommunications Act of 1996, which restricts the ability of state and local governments to regulate the location of telecommunication towers; 2. Whether any such challenges have been made; and 3. How the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) set acceptable limits for radiofrequency (RF) emissions from telecommunications facilities? You also requested a list of cellular telecommunications tower applications that have been rejected by the Connecticut Siting Council over the past five years, which we will forward to you upon receipt. REGULATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS The Telecommunications Act of 1996 fundamentally changed the way the telecommunications industry, including telephone, wireless, and cable TV providers, is regulated. Section 704 of the act deals with the siting of wireless telecommunications facilities. It preserves the abilities of state and local governments to regulate siting of these facilities, with several significant restrictions. Specifically, it prohibits state or local regulations from (1) having the effect of prohibiting the provision of wireless services or (2) unreasonably discriminating among providers of functionally equivalent services. The section bars states and municipalities from basing the regulation of a facility on the basis of the environmental effects of its RF emissions if the facility complies with FCC regulations on the subject. (Facilities that do not meet the FCC regulations are also subject to federal Environmental Impact Statement requirements.) The section required FCC to finalize its regulations on the environmental effects of RF emissions within 150 days of the act's passage. It authorized anyone adversely affected by a government's decision regarding RF emissions to !HEARING COMMENT! appeal to FCC. More generally, anyone adversely affected by a government's action or inaction can appeal to state or federal court. FCC (which presumably would be the respondent in any challenge), the National Conference of State Legislatures, and the American Planning Association(which deals extensively with land use law) are not aware of any constitutional challenges to this section. (The federal court that recently found that certain aspects of the act dealing with competition in telephone services were unconstitutional did not address section 704 of the act.) Conceivably a challenge could be raised under Article X of the U.S. Constitution, which reserves to the states those powers not delegated to the federal government. However, wireless telecommunications are patently a form of interstate commerce,which is subject to federal jurisdiction under the Constitution. RF EMISSIONS REGULATIONS Background RF emissions are a form of electromagnetic radiation consisting of electric and magnetic energy moving together through space. The strength of these emissions for exposures away from the immediate vicinity of the RF source is usually measured by their power density, which is defined as milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm2). Laboratory studies have found that exposures to high levels of RF emissions (100mW/cm2 or more) can be harmful. The health effects of exposure to lower levels of RF emissions, particularly over the long term, are not clear. Some scientists have reported biological effects in animals after exposure to relatively low levels of RF radiation. These include changes in the immune system, neurological effects, and changes in the action of certain drugs after exposure. However, there have many contradictory studies. How FCC Adopted Its RF Standards The commission initiated an inquiry in 1977 to gather information about the biological effects of RF emissions. It established RF emission limits in 1985 when it adopted 1982 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards. ANSI is a clearinghouse that establishes voluntary national standards, which are often adopted by reference in state and federal regulations. The RF standards were developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), which represents engineers in industry, professional societies, and government agencies. FCC noted that the ANSI standards were widely accepted and were technically and scientifically supportable. In 1992, ANSI adopted new standards for RF exposure, designated ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 to p p g , replace its 1982 standards. The new standards contained a number of significant differences from the earlier one, and were in some ways stricter with regard to exposure limits. The standards include both whole and partial body exposure limits. In 1993 the commission issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to consider amending its RF regulations to reflect the new ANSI standards. More than 100 parties, including telecommunications organizations; federal, state, and local governments; and individuals submitted comments in response to the notice. In particular, federal agencies including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration questioned certain aspects of the 1992 ANSI standards and recommended that FCC not adopt them in their entirety. After consideringthese views, and those of entities opposed to the federal agencies' position, FCC pp g decided in 1996 to adopt guidelines and limits that were generally based on exposure criteria [HEARING COMMENT recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), a scientific body, as well as those contained in the 1992 ANSI standards. FCC received 17 petitions to clarify or reconsider its decision. In general, industry groups requested that the commission adopt the 1992 ANSI standards in their entirety, while several citizen's groups and individuals claimed that the commission's regulation did not adequately protect public health. On August 25, 1997, FCC issued its Second Memorandum Opinion and Order. As required by the Telecommunications Act, this decision included the commission's final regulations regarding the environmental effects of RF emissions and its response to the petitions. The decision can be accessed on the Internet at www.fcc.gov. The decision affirmed the RF limits that the commission had adopted in 1996. In response to the industry's comments, the commission noted that while most of parties had supported adoption of the 1992 ANSI standards in their entirety, federal health and safety agencies objected to certain aspects of these standards. The commission observed that it had historically taken the position that it is not a health and safety agency and would give great weight to the judgment of such agencies with respect determining RF exposure limits. It made the same observation in responding to comments that the standards were not strict enough. The commission stated that it would be impracticable for it to independently evaluate studies purporting to show harmful effects of low level RF exposure and then adopt stricter standards than those advocated by federal health and safety agencies. It mentioned that both IEEE and NCRP are revising their exposure guidelines and that the commission would consider amending its regulations if these groups conclude that this is desirable. The decision also denied a petition from the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association to preempt state and local siting regulation. It made minor modifications in the commission's policy that categorically excludes certain transmitters from routine environmental reviews. It clarified its guidelines regarding RF emissions from multiple transmitter sites, and required existing new transmitting facilities and sites to come into compliance with these guidelines by September 1, 2000. The decision also includes a notice of proposed rulemaking that requests comments on the types of information that state or local governments should be allowed to request with regard to the possible effects of RF emissions. The decision includes a policy statement to provide guidance to states and municipalities until the final rule is adopted. MR:lc HEARING COMMENT SUBSCRIBE SIGN IN AJIT PAI CELEBRATES- FCC beats cities in court, helping carriers avoid $2 billion in local 5G fees Judges uphold FCC preemption of city rules,including limits on small-cell fees. ION BRODKIN-8/13/2020,11:45 AM 1 '':' • wiwo Enlarge The Federal Communications Commission has defeated dozens of cities in court,with 78 judges ruling that the FCC can preempt local fees and regulations imposed on wireless carriers deploying 5G networks.The ruling is good news for AT&T,Verizon, and T-Mobile. The FCC voted to preempt cities and FURTHER READING towns in September 2018,saying the Ajit Pai slams cities and towns as move would prevent local governments FCC erases$2 billion in local fees from charging wireless carriers about $2 billion worth of fees over five years related to deployment of wireless equipment such as small cells.That's less than 1 percent of the estimated$275 billion that the FCC said carriers would have to spend to deploy SG small cells throughout the United States. HEARING COMMEN Cities promptly sued the FCC,but a ruling issued yesterday by the US Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit went mostly in the FCC's favor.It wasn't a complete victory for the FCC,though,as judges overturned a portion of the FCC ruling that limited the kinds of aesthetic requirements cities and towns can impose on carrier deployments. "The court rightly affirmed the FCC's efforts to ensure that infrastructure deployment critical to 5G...is not impeded by exorbitant fees imposed by state and local governments,undue delays in local permitting,and unreasonable barriers to pole access,"FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said,calling the court decision"a massive victory for US leadership in 5G,our nation's economy,and American consumers." On the losing side were localities including Portland,Oregon;San Francisco;New York City;Los Angeles;Boston;Chicago;Washington,DC;Las Vegas;Philadelphia;Austin, Texas;and others. Judges uphold limits on fees charged to carriers As the judges noted,the FCC declared that small-cell deployment fees charged by localities"are presumptively lawful if,for each wireless facility,application fees are less than$500,and recurring fees are less than S270 per year.If fees exceed those levels,they are not automatically preempted,but they can be justified.Localities may charge fees above these levels where they can demonstrate that their actual costs exceed the presumptive levels."The$500 limit is basically$100 per small cell,as the FCC order said it covers"a single up-front application that includes up to five Small Wireless Facilities"and S100 for each additional small cell. The FCC claimed the order would speed up 5G build-outs.As the 9th Circuit judges said,"Statements in the[FCC proceeding's]record from wireless service providers, and an empirical study,are cited to support the conclusion that limiting fees will lead to additional,faster deployment of SG technology throughout the country." One month after the FCC vote,in October 2018,Verizon Wireless acknowledged in an earnings call with investors that it would not move any faster on building its 5G cellular network because the carrier was already"going as fast as we can"before the FCC preempted cities and towns.Democratic FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel partially dissented from the small-cell ruling,saying at the time that"three unelected officials on this dais are telling state and local leaders all across the country what they can and cannot do in their own backyards.This is extraordinary federal overreach." HEARING COMMENT] But the judges ruled yesterday that the Republican-majority FCC provided a reasonable justification for the order and that it had the authority to preempt cities and towns.Among other things,the judges wrote: We also conclude that the FCC's fee limitation does not violate Section 253(c) of the[Communications]Act,which ensures that cities receive"fair and reasonable"compensation for use of their rights-of-way.The FCC explained that the calculation of actual,direct costs is a well-accepted method of determining reasonable compensation,and further,that a standard lacking a cost anchor would"have left providers entirely at the mercy of effectively unconstrained requirements of state or local governments."The statute requires that compensation be"fair and reasonable;"this does not mean that state and local governments should be permitted to make a profit by charging fees above costs.The FCC's approach to fees is consistent with the language and intent of Section 253(c)and is reasonably explained. The case was decided by a panel of three judges.The judges were unanimous on most points but not on the fee question,with Circuit Judge Daniel Bress writing,"I join the court's fine opinion except as to Part III.A.1,which upholds the FCC's decision to preempt any fees charged to wireless or telecommunications providers that exceed a locality's costs for hosting communications equipment.In my view,the FCC on this record has not adequately explained how all above-cost fees amount to an'effective prohibition'on telecommunications or wireless service under[US law]." In the majority opinion,Circuit Judges Mary Schroeder and Jay Bybee wrote that the FCC did not issue an automatic preemption of all non-cost based fees.The FCC's regulation,issued"after careful study and notice and comment,"preempts"only those fees above the safe harbor that exceed municipalities'costs,"the judges wrote. FCC loses one part of the case Rather than give the FCC a complete victory,the judges'panel overturned the commission's preemption of certain aesthetic requirements that cities and towns impose on cellular installations.The FCC ruled that"aesthetics requirements are not preempted if they are(1)reasonable,(2)no more burdensome than those applied to other types of infrastructure deployments,and(3)objective and publiiggls em advance." 11 Disputing the FCC's reasoning,the judges wrote that the"no more burdensome" requirement"is not consistent with the more lenient statutory standard that regulations not'unreasonably discriminate.-The judges also found that the FCC's requirement that aesthetic rules be"objective"was not adequately defined or its purpose adequately explained.The judges continued: Local Government Petitioners point out that the FCC's standard amounts to requiring similar treatment and does not take into account the differences among technologies.The FCC's own justification for its provision bears this out.The FCC asserts that any application of different aesthetic standards to 5G small cells necessarily"evidences that the requirements are not,in fact, reasonable and directed at remedying the impact of the wireless !HEARING COMMENT! infrastructure deployment."Thus,in the FCC's view,when a state or local government imposes different aesthetic requirements on 5G technology, those requirements are pretextual,unrelated to legitimate aesthetic goals, and must be preempted. Yet the statute[Section 332 of the Telecommunications Act]expressly permits some difference in the treatment of different providers,so long as the treatment is reasonable...The Supreme Court has told us that"an agency may not rewrite clear statutory terms"and that this is a"core administrative- law principle."The FCC has contravened this principle here by placing a limitation on local zoning authority that departs from the explicit directive of Congress in Section 332. FCC can require shorter"shot clocks" The judges upheld the FCC's changes to"shot clocks"that give local authorities a set amount of time to act on carriers'applications to deploy small cells.The FCC's 2018 order gave state and local governments 60 days—instead of the 90-day limit imposed in 2009—to decide on applications for installations on existing infrastructure.The shot clock for all other applications was lowered from 150 to 90 days.The FCC also "expanded the application of shot clock timing requirements from zoning applications to include all permitting decisions,"the judges wrote. Advertisement Local governments argued that the shorter shot clocks"arbitrarily restrict municipalities'ability to conduct traditional zoning review that may take longer"and "criticize[d]the FCC's reliance on a limited survey of state and local laws,contending that those laws had unusual,shorter time frame requirements,"the judges wrote. The judges explained why they upheld the shot-clock changes here: The FCC's reliance on the survey of-local laws and practices was reasonable, however,because it served only a limited purpose.The FCC used the survey only to support its unremarkable assertion that some municipalities"can complete reviews more quickly than was the case when the existing Section 332 shot clocks were adopted"in 2009.It must be remembered that the shot clock requirements create only presumptions.As under the 2009 Order,if permit applicants seek an injunction to force a faster decision,local officials can show that additional time is necessary under the circumstances. Judges also upheld the FCC's"Moratoria Order,"which generally barred state and local ordinances that effectively"prevent or suspend the acceptance,processing,or approval of applications or permits necessary for deploying telecommunications services."The FCC said that both"express"and"de facto"moratoria are disallowed, and that de facto moratoria are outlawed when they"unreasonably or indefinitely delay deployment."The judges rejected an argument made by Portland,Oregon that the moratoria definitions are overly broad. The judges also ruled for the FCC in a separate lawsuit filed by private utility companies against some aspects of the commission's One Touch Make Ready(OTMR) order,which lets ISPs attach wires to utility poles without waiting for the other users HEARING COMMENT1 of the pole to move their own wires.The judges fully upheld the FCC order,saying it was a reasonable interpretation of US law and that it wasn't arbitrary or capricious. They noted that the FCC's OTMR order"was intended to prevent owners and operators of utility poles from discriminatorily denying or delaying 5G and broadband service providers access to the poles." READER COMMENTS 78 SHARE THIS STORY JON BRODKIN Jon isTechnica's senior IT reporter,coveringthe FCC and broadband,Ars e p telecommunications,tech policy,and more. EMAIL jon.brodkin@arstechnica.com//TWITTER @J Brodkin Advertisement s� SITREP:F-16 replacement ti search a signal of F-35 A j, fail? Sitrep:Boeing 707 We're sorry, something went wrong. The F-35's next tech upgrade SITREP:F-16 replacement search a signal of F-35 fail? US Navy Gets an Italian Footage courtesy of Dvids,Boeing,and The United States Navy. O More videos PREVIOUS STORY NEXT STORY—> Related Stories Sponsored Stories Powered J9 'HEARING COMMENT' 4.11 l .. ./ a / (Pksj We Dare You Not To Do You Approve of the It Was The Most Famous Port Townsend,Washington: Abandoned Military Base In Laugh At These Vacation Biden-Harris Movie Line Ever,But He Was This Small.Unknown Washington,What Was Seniors On Medicare Are In For Pictures Administration? Never Meant To Say It Company Is Disrupting A Found Inside Is Incredible A Big Surprise This May Gloriousa Paid for by the Democratic Definition $200 Billion Industry Definition Quick Medigap Governor Association US Auto Insurance Now Today on Ars Imilimmilli STORE CONTACT US NEWSLETTER SIGNUP SUBSCRIBE STAFF Join the Ars Orbital Transmission mailing list to ABOUT US ADVERTISE WITH US get weekly updates delivered to your inbox. RSS FEEDS REPRINTS SIGN MEUP-. VIEW MOBILE SITE n any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement(updated 1/1/20)and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement(updated 1/1/20)and Ars Technica Addendum(effective 8/21/2018).Ars may earn compe sifted,cached or otherwise used,except with the prior written permission of Conde Nast. HEARING COMMEP jeffbocc From: Darlene Schanfald <darlenes@olympus.net> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:12 AM To: jeffbocc; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Kate Dean Subject: Cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Sorry for the problem speaking today. I realize that I was the problem having two systems running of your meeting. Anyway, I had sent in the following comment earlier, at 10:11 AM. I assume they arrived. Seb Eggert's comments were spot on. And 520 ft tall is way above typical. The industry is greedy and no amount of money they would give Jefferson County is worth the potential impacts to the Fairground users who, I imagine,own the property as public property. ds Jefferson County Commissioners Port Townsend WA 98382 RE: placing a cell tower in Jefferson County Fairgrounds Dear Commissioners: It is recommended that you do not support a cell tower being erected in Jefferson County Fairgrounds. When these applications first started back in the 1990s,California,followed by Clallam County,opposed these within 1000 ft where children would be active. This included schools,churches,and playgrounds. We now know more about the seriousness of cell tower impacts and amounts of emitted radio frequencies. Hospitals are now considered off limits. Books have been written on this. I am providing you just a few links. Please,Commissioners, do your own homework before making a decision on whether to site a cell tower on publicly used land. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191203162553.htm https://ehtrust.org/cell-towers-and-cell-antennae/compilation-of-research-studies-on-cell-tower-radiation-and-health/ Thank you, Darlene Schanfald Protect Peninsula's Future PO Box 2664 Sequim WA 98382 1 !HEARING COMMENT ScienceDaily Your source for the latest research news Science News from research organizations Siting cell towers needs careful planning Date: December 3, 2019 Source: Michigan Technological University Summary: The health impacts of radio-frequency radiation (RFR) are still inconclusive, but the data to date warrants more caution in placing cell towers. An engineering team considers the current understanding of health impacts and possible solutions, which indicate a 500- meter(one third of a mile) buffer around schools and hospitals may help reduce risk for vulnerable populations. Share: f j in V FULL STORY No one can overengineer like an engineer. So introducing a little more caution into an existing engineering process is nothing much to ruffle feathers. A new paper published in Environmental Research offers insight on how to include simple precautionary approaches to siting cell towers. And there are many cell towers--and more coming --since almost everyone has a cell phone and the towers are being used for more data intensive applications. In the U.S., the Pew Research Center reports 96% of Americans own a cell phone of some kind, and smart phone ownership today has risen to 81%from 35% in 2011. Industry data reported by GSMA Intelligence estimates more than five billion people worldwide use mobile devices. All these devices work using electromagnetic waves, which expose people to low levels of radio-frequency radiation (RFR). "The research on the health impacts of RFR is still inconclusive. But some of the preliminary data gives us reason to be concerned,"said Joshua Pearce, a professor in electrical and materials engineering from Michigan Technological University who led the study, which reviews current data on RFR and (HEARING COMMENT! engineering solutions for placing towers. "I'm pro-tech and I'm pro-human, so I think there are ways for us to have our cell phones and minimize potential risk without waiting to find out that putting a cell tower on top of a school was a bad idea." Pearce and his team's solutions focus on getting companies to rethink where to place cell towers when they do a standard "search ring" map that prioritizes potential sites based on maximizing coverage for the least cost. Assessing tower placement is not a new idea; Canada and many European countries are looking into siting guidelines that help keep particularly vulnerable populations safe, like kids and those with illnesses. The handful of human studies reviewed in Pearce's paper indicate that proximity to base stations correlates with headaches, dizziness, depression and other neurobehavioral symptoms, as well as increased cancer risk. Animal studies also indicate that these effects may be cumulative. Given the current research, cell towers would be cautiously placed 500 meters, or about a third of a mile, away from schools, hospitals and lots of sleeping people in dense neighborhoods or high rises. The challenge in the U.S., unlike in India where such setback laws are already in place, is the laws that govern cell tower siting plans in Section 704 of The Telecommunications Act of 1996 specifically eliminate "environmental effects"from consideration. "This is a peculiar law, but saying that something is legal doesn't make it right or cost-effective in the long run," Pearce said. "It's in companies' best interests to be thoughtful about where to place cell towers; they don't want to move towers or be held responsible down the line. These effects are inadvertent-- but there are options to do it differently that can reduce potential health impacts and thus a company's future bottom line." In addition to revamping search ring mapping to include a 500-meter buffer, which doesn't impact the cost of the siting process but reduces future liability, Pearce says there are other more innovative options, like cell splitting and small cell deployment, that could also decrease RFR exposure. At the end of the day, it comes down to thinking before building. MAKE A DIFFERENCE: SPONSORED OPPORTUNITY [HEARING COMMENT! Story Source: Materials provided by Michigan Technological University. Original written by Allison Mills. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Journal Reference: 1. J.M. Pearce. Limiting liability with positioning to minimize negative health effects of cellular phone towers. Environmental Research, 2019; 108845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108845 Cite This Page: MLA APA Chicago Michigan Technological University. "Siting cell towers needs careful planning." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 3 December 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191203162553.htm>. RELATED STORIES (HEARING COMMENT} Identifying Communities at Risk for Impacts of Extreme Heat Nov. 4, 2020—An analysis of ways to measure a community's vulnerability to climate change suggests that California's current method may leave some at-risk communities behind in efforts to reduce health impacts of... 5G Wireless Networks Have Few Health Impacts, Finds Study Using Zebrafish Model July 9, 2020—Findings from a new study into the effects of radiofrequency radiation generated by the wireless technology that will soon be the standard for cell phones suggest few health ... Study Finds No Correlation Between Brain Function and Head Impacts After 2 Seasons of Tackle Football July 11, 2019—To date, most studies that have attempted to understand connections between neurocognitive function and sub-concussive head impacts have been retrospective --and ... High Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation Associated With Cancer in Male Rats Nov. 1, 2018—The National Toxicology Program (NTP)concluded there is clear evidence that male rats exposed to high levels of radio frequency radiation (RFR) like that used in 2G and 3G cell phones developed ... FROM AROUND THE WEB ScienceDaily shares links with sites in the TrendMD network and earns revenue from third party advertisers, where indicated. Free Subscriptions Get the latest science news with ScienceDaily's free email newsletters, updated daily and weekly. Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader: u Email Newsletters 1 RSS Feeds Follow Us Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: f Facebook f/ Twitter in Linkedln Have Feedback? 'HEARING COMMENT' Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily--we welcome both positive and negative comments. Have any problems using the site? Questions? ! Leave Feedback t. Contact Us About This Site I Staff I Reviews I Contribute I Advertise I Privacy Policy I Editorial Policy I Terms of Use Copyright 2021 ScienceDaily or by other parties, where indicated. All rights controlled by their respective owners. Content on this website is for information only. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. —CCPA: Do Not Sell My Information— (HEARING COMMENT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST Select Page 0 Peer Reviewed Published Research on Cell Tower Radiation, Base Station Radiation and Health Effects Watch a CBS investigation into California firefighters fighting to halt cell towers on their firestations below. ConsumerWatch: 5G Cellphone Towers Signal Renewed... Watch on American Academy of Pediatrics Website HEARING COMMENT "Electromagnetic Fields:A Hazard to Your Health?"on Cell Tower Radiation "In recent years,concern has increased about exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones and phone station antennae.An Egyptian study confirmed concerns that living nearby mobile phone base stations increased the risk for developing: • Headaches • Memory problems • Dizziness • Depression • Sleep problems Short-term exposure to these fields in experimental studies have not always shown negative effects, but this does not rule out cumulative damage from these fields,so larger studies over longer periods are needed to help understand who is at risk. In large studies,an association has been observed between symptoms and exposure to these fields in the everyday environment." -American Academy of Pediatrics COMPILATION OF RESEARCH STUDIES ON CELL TOWER RADIATION AND HEALTH Anthony B. Miller, L. Lloyd Morgan, Iris Udasin, Devra Lee Davis, Cancer epidemiology update,following the 2011 IARC evaluation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Monograph 102), Environmental Research,Volume 167, 2018, Pages 673-683, ISSN 0013-9351 • Radiofrequency radiation is emitted by cell towers.This review paper concludes that"Based on the evidence reviewed it is our opinion that SHEARING COMMENT! IARC's current categorization of RFR as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) should be upgraded to Carcinogenic to Humans (Group 1)." Zothansiama,et al."Impact of radiofrequency radiation on DNA damage and antioxidants in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans residing in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations." Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 36.3 (2017): 295-305. • This study evaluated effects in the human blood of individuals living near mobile phone base stations (within 80 meters) compared with healthy controls (over 300 meters).The study found higher radiofrequency radiation exposures and statistically significant differences in the blood of people living closer to the cellular antennas. The group living closer to the antennas had for example,statistically significant higher frequency of micronuclei and a rise in lipid peroxidation in their blood.These changes are considered biomarkers predictive of cancer. Rodrigues NCP, Dode AC,Andrade MKdN,O'Dwyer G, Monteiro DLM, Reis INC, Rodrigues RP, Frossard VC, Lino VTS.The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031229 • For all cancers and for the specific types investigated (breast, cervix, lung,and esophagus cancers),the higher the exposure to RBS (radio base stations-cell antenna installations) radiofrequency,the higher the median of mortality rate. In capitals where radio base station radiofrequency exposure was higher than 000/antennas-year,the median of the breast cancer mortality rate was 27.33/100,000,while for all cancers, it was 111.68/100,000 (Table 1). 'HEARING COMMENT! Meo,S.A.,Almahmoud, M.,Alsultan,Q.,Alotaibi, N.,Alnajashi, I.,& Najjar,W. M. (2018). Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students'Cognitive Health.American Journal of Men's Health. • High exposure to RF-EMF produced by mobile phone base station towers was associated with delayed fine and gross motor skills,spatial working memory,and attention in school adolescents compared to students who were exposed to low RF-EMF. Rodrigues NCP, Dode AC,Andrade MKdN,O'Dwyer G, Monteiro DLM, Reis INC, Rodrigues RP, Frossard VC, Lino VTS.The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031229 • "Conclusions:The balance of our results indicates that the exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from an RBS increases the rate of mortality by all cancers and specifically by breast,cervix, lung, and esophageal cancers.These conclusions are based on the fact that the findings of this study indicate that,the higher the RBS radiofrequency exposure,the higher the cancer mortality rate,especially for cervix cancer(adjust RR = 2.18).The spatial analysis showed that the highest RBS radiofrequency exposure was observed in a city located in the southern region of Brazil,which also showed the highest mortality rate for all types of cancer and specifically for lung and breast cancers." Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems.Yakymenko (2011) Exp Oncology, 33(2):62-70. • Even a year of operation of a powerful base transmitting station for mobile communication reportedly resulted in a dramatic increase of cancer incidence among population living nearby. Association of Exposure to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation (RF-EMFR) Generated by Mobile Phone Base Stations (MPBS) with Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,Sultan Ayoub Meo et al, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2015 • Elementary school students who were exposed to high RF-EMFR generated by MPBS had a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to their counterparts who were exposed to lower RF- EMFR. Isabel Lopez, Nazario Felix, Marco Rivera,Adrian Alonso,Ceferino Maestu.What is the radiation before 5G?A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid. Environmental Research.Volume 194, March 2021, 110734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110734. • Residents of a Madrid Spain neighborhood surrounded by nine telephone antennas took a survey. 105 measurements of electromagnetic radiation were taken both outside and inside the houses. People who were exposed to higher radiation values presented with more severe headaches,dizziness and nightmares and slept fewer hours. Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations Abdel-Rassoul et al, Neurotoxicology, 2007 • This study found that living nearby mobile phone base stations (cell antennas) increased the risk for neuropsychiatric problems such as headaches, memory problems,dizziness,tremors,depression,sleep problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions. HEARING COMMENT Meo SA, Almahmoud M,Alsultan Q,Alotaibi N,Alnajashi I, Najjar WM, Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students' Cognitive Health.Am J Mens Health. 2018 Dec 7:1557988318816914.doi: 10.1177/1557988318816914. • This study investigated the impact of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation generated by mobile phone base station towers (MPBSTs) on cognitive functions.Two hundred and seventeen volunteer male students aged between 13 and 16 registered from two different intermediate schools: 124 students were from School 1 and 93 students were from School 2.The MPBSTs were located within 200 m from the schoolbuildings. In School 1, RF- EMF was 2.010 pW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz and in School 2, RF-EMF was 10.021 pW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz.Students were exposed to EMFR for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week for a total period of 2 years.The Narda Safety Test Solution device SRM-3006 was used to measure RF-EMF in both schools,and cognitive functions tasks were measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).Significant impairment in Motor Screening Task (MOT; p = .03) and Spatial Working Memory(SWM) task ( p = .04)was identified among the group of students who were exposed to high RF-EMF produced by MPBSTs. High exposure to RF- EMF produced by MPBSTs was associated with delayed fine and gross motor skills,spatial working memory, and attention in school adolescents compared to students who were exposed to low RF-EMF. Biological Effects from Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Cell Tower Base Stations and Other Antenna Arrays, Levitt&Lai, Environmental Reviews, 2010 • This review of 100 studies found approximately 80%showed biological effects near towers."Both anecdotal reports and some epidemiology studies have found headaches, skin rashes, sleep disturbances,depression,decreased libido, increased rates of suicide, concentration problems,dizziness, memory changes, increased risk of HEARING COMMENT) cancer,tremors,and other neurophysiological effects in populations near base stations." Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations. Dode et al. (Brazil),Science of the Total Environment,Volume 409, Issue 19, 1 September 2011, Pages 3649-3665 • This 10 year study on cell phone antennas by the Municipal Health Department in Belo Horizonte and several universities in Brazil found a clearly elevated relative risk of cancer mortality at residential distances of 500 meters or less from cell phone transmission towers. Shortly after this study was published,the city prosecutor sued several cell phone companies and requested that almost half of the cities antennas be removed. Many antennas were dismantled. Pearce, M., Limiting liability with positioning to minimize negative health effects of cellular phone towers, Environmental Research,Volume 181, 2020, • "There is a large and growing body of evidence that human exposure to RFR from cellular phone base stations causes negative health effects includingboth i) neuro s chiatric complaints such as pY p headache,concentration difficulties, memory changes,dizziness, tremors,depressive symptoms,fatigue and sleep disturbance, and ii) increased incidence of cancer and living in proximity to a cell- phone transmitter station."The author recommends long-term planning"to minimize the risk of liability from unintended human harm due to cellular phone base station siting" including voluntary restrictions on the placement of cellular phone base stations within 500 m of schools and hospitals." [NEARING COMMENT Epidemiological Evidence for a Health Risk from Mobile Phone Base Stations Khurana, Hardell et al., International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health,Vol 16(3):263-267,2010 • A review of 10 epidemiological studies that assessed for negative health effects of mobile phone base stations (4 studies were from Germany, and 1 each from Austria, Egypt, France, Israel, Poland,Spain) found that seven showed altered neurobehavioral effects near cell tower and three showed increased cancer incidence. The review also found that eight of the 10 studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances < 500 meters from base stations. None of the studies reported exposure above accepted international guidelines,suggesting that current guidelines may be inadequate in protecting the health of human populations. Health effects of living near mobile phone base transceiver station (BTS) antennae: a report from Isfahan, Iran. Shahbazi-Gahrouei et al, Electromagnetic Biology Medicine,2013. • This cross-sectional study found the symptoms of nausea, headache, dizziness, irritability,discomfort, nervousness,depression,sleep disturbance, memory loss and lowering of libido were statistically increased in people living closer than 300 m from cell antennas as compared to those living farther away.The study concludes that "antennas should not be sited closer than 300 m to people to minimize exposure." How does long term exposure to base stations and mobile phones affect human hormone profiles? Eskander EF et al, (2011), Clin Biochem HEARING COMMENTI • RFR exposures significantly impacted ACTH,cortisol,thyroid hormones, prolactin for females,and testosterone levels for males. Investigation on the health of people living near mobile telephone relay stations: Incidence according to distance and sex Santini et al, 2002 , Pathol Bio • People living near mobile phone masts reported more symptoms of headache,sleep disturbance,discomfort, irritability,depression, memory loss and concentration problems the closer they lived to the installation.Study authors recommend that the minimal distance of people from cellular phone base stations should not be < 300 m. Navarro EA,Segura J, Portoles M,Gomez-Perretta C,The Microwave Syndrome:A preliminary Study.2003 (Spain) Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine,Volume 22, Issue 2, (2003): 161 - 169 • Statistically significant nificant positive exposure-response associations between RFR intensity and fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite, sleeping disorder,depressive tendency,feeling of discomfort,difficulty in concentration, loss of memory,visual disorder, dizziness and cardiovascular problems. Two Important Animal Studies on Radiofrequency Radiation These studies indicate that government limits are non protective. Government limits are based on the assumption that radiofrequency radiation is only harmful at thermal levels. However,the cancers developed in animals in these studies at radiation levels that were non thermal. HEARING COMMENT Falcioni et al. 2018,"Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz base station environmental emission" Environmental Research Journal • Researchers with the renowned Ramazzini Institute (RI) in Italy performed a large-scale lifetime study of lab animals exposed to environmental levels (comparable to allowable limits from cell towers) of RFR radiation and found the rats developed increased cancers- schwannoma of the heart in male rats.This study confirms the $25 million US National Toxicology Program study which used much higher levels of cell phone radiofrequency(RF) radiation, but also reported finding the same unusual cancers as the Ramazzini-schwannoma of the heart in male rats. In addition,the RI study of cell tower radiation also found increases in malignant brain (glial) tumors in female rats and precancerous conditions including Schwann cells hyperplasia in both male and female rats. • "Our findings of cancerous tumors in rats exposed to environmental levels of RF are consistent with and reinforce the results of the US NTP studies on cell phone radiation,as both reported increases in the same types of tumors of the brain and heart in Sprague-Dawley rats. Together,these studies provide sufficient evidence to call for the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) to re-evaluate and re-classify their conclusions regarding the carcinogenic potential of RFR in humans,"said Fiorella Belpoggi PhD,study author and RI Director of Research. • The Ramazzini study exposed 2448 Sprague-Dawley rats from prenatal life until their natural death to"environmental"cell tower radiation for 19 hours per day(1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of 5, 25 and 50 V/m). RI exposures mimicked base station emissions like those from cell tower antennas, and exposure levels were far less than those used in the NTP studies of cell phone radiation. • Watch Press Conference [HEARING COMMENT( Wyde, Michael, et al."National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley®SD rats (Whole Body Exposure).Statement on conclusions of the peer review meeting by NIEHS, released after external peer review meeting and the DNA damage presentation. • This 25 million dollar study is the most complex study completed by the NTP and the world's largest rodent study on radiofrequency radiation exposure to date which found long term exposure at non thermal levels associated with brain cancer and schwannomas of the heart in male rats. In addition damage to heart was found in all exposure levels.The full report is expected to be released in Fall 2018. More Important Studies on Cell Tower Radiation Cindy L. Russell, 5 G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications, Environmental Research, 2018, ISSN 0013-9351 • Radiofrequency radiation (RF) is increasingly being recognized as a new form of environmental pollution. This article reviews relevant electromagnetic frequencies,exposure standards and current scientific literature on the health implications of 2G, 3G,4G and 5G. • Effects can also be non-linear. Because this is the first generation to have cradle-to-grave lifespan exposure to this level of man-made microwave (RF EMR) radiofrequencies, it will be years or decades before the true health consequences are known. Precaution in the roll out of this new technology is strongly indicated. HEARING COMMENT Noa Betzalel, Paul Ben lshai,Yuri Feldman,The human skin as a sub-THz receiver - Does 5G pose a danger to it or not?, Environmental Research, Volume 163,2018, Pages 208-216, ISSN 0013-9351, • Researchers have developed a unique simulation tool of human skin, taking into account the skin multi-layer structure together with the helical segment of the sweat duct embedded in it.They found that the presence of the sweat duct led to a high specific absorption rate (SAR) of the skin in extremely high frequency band that will be used in 5G. "One must consider the implications of human immersion in the electromagnetic noise,caused by devices working at the very same frequencies as those,to which the sweat duct(as a helical antenna) is most attuned.We are raising a warning flag against the unrestricted use of sub-THz technologies for communication, before the possible consequences for public health are explored." Mobile phone infrastructure regulation in Europe:Scientific challenges and human rights protection Claudia Roda,Susan Perry, Environmental Science& Policy,Volume 37, March 2014, Pages 204-214. • This article was published in Environmental Science& Policy by human rights experts. It argues that cell tower placement is a human rights issue for children. • "We argue that(1) because protection of children is a high threshold norm in Human Right law and (2) the binding language of the Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States Parties to provide a higher standard of protection for children than adults,any widespread or systematic form of environmental pollution that poses a long-term threat to a child's rights to life,development or health may constitute an international human rights violation. • In particular we have explained how the dearth of legislation to regulate the installation of base stations (cell towers) in close proximity to children's facilities and schools clearly constitutes a human rights concern according to the language of the Convention on 'HEARING COMMENT' the Rights of the Child, a treaty that has been ratified by all European States. SAFETY ZONE DETERMINATION FOR WIRELESS CELLULAR TOWER Nyakyi et al,Tanzania (2013) • This research looked at the radiation that cell towers emit and states a safety zone is needed around the towers to ensure safe sleeping areas. The authors state that"respective authorities should ensure that people reside far from the tower by 120m or more depending on the power transmitted to avoid severe health effect." A cross-sectional case control study on genetic damage in individuals residing in the vicinity of a mobile phone base station.Ghandi et al,2014 (India): • This cross-sectional case control study on genetic damage in individuals living near cell towers found genetic damage parameters of DNA were significantly elevated.The authors state,"The genetic damage evident in the participants of this study needs to be addressed against future disease-risk,which in addition to neurodegenerative disorders, may lead to cancer." Human disease resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields, Carpenter, D. O. Reviews on Environmental Health,Volume 28, Issue 4, Pages 159172. • This review summarizes the evidence stating that excessive exposure to magnetic fields from power lines and other sources of electric current increases the risk of development of some cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, and that excessive exposure to RF r (HEARING COMMEN11 radiation increases risk of cancer, male infertility,and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Signifikanter Ruckgang klinischer Symptome nach Senderabbau - eine Interventionsstudie. (English-Significant Decrease of Clinical Symptoms after Mobile Phone Base Station Removal -An Intervention Study) Tetsuharu Shinjyo and Akemi Shinjyo, 2014 Umwelt-Medizin- Gesellschaft, 27(4),S.294-301. • Japanese study Showed Statistically Significant Adverse Health Effects from electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations. Residents of a condominium building that had cell tower antennas on the rooftop were examined before and after cell tower antennas were removed. In 1998,800MHz cell antennas were installed,then later in 2008 a second set of antennas (2GHz) were installed. Medical exams and interviews were conducted before and after the antennas were removed in 2009 on 107 residents of the building who had no prior knowledge about possible.These results lead researchers to question the construction of mobile phone base stations on top of buildings such as condominiums or houses. Effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms on Genetic Damage in Humans Populations Exposed to Radiation From Mobile Towers. Gulati S,Yadav A, Kumar N, Kanupriya,Aggarwal NK, Kumar R, Gupta R.,Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] • In our study, 116 persons exposed to radiation from mobile towers and 106 control subjects were genotyped for polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using alkaline comet assay in terms of tail moment (TM) value and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). Our results HEARING COMMENT, indicated that TM value and BMN frequency were higher in an exposed population compared with a control group and the difference is significant. In our study,we found that different health symptoms, such as depression, memory status, insomnia,and hair loss,were significantly associated with exposure to EMR. Damaging effects of nonionizing radiation result from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent radical formation and from direct damage to cellular macromolecules including DNA. Subjective symptoms,sleeping problems,and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations, Hutter HP et al, (May 2006),Occup Environ Med. 2006 May;63(5):307-13 • Found a significant relationship between some cognitive symptoms and measured power density in 365 subjects; highest for headaches. Perceptual speed increased,while accuracy decreased insignificantly with increasing exposure levels. Oberfeld,A.E. Navarro, M. Portoles,C. Maestu, C.Gomez-Perretta,The microwave syndrome:further aspects of a Spanish study, • A health survey was carried out in La Nara, Murcia, Spain, in the vicinity of two GSM 900/1800 MHz cellular phone base stations.The adjusted (sex,age,distance) logistic regression model showed statistically significant positive exposure-response associations between the E-field and the following variables:fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite,sleeping disorder, depressive tendency,feeling of discomfort,difficulty in concentration, loss of memory,visual disorder,dizziness and cardiovascular problems. !HEARING COMMENT! Bortkiewicz et al,2004(Poland),Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations: review,Med P r.2004;5 5(4):345-51. • Residents close to mobile phone masts reported: more incidences of circulatory problems,sleep disturbances, irritability,depression, blurred vision and concentration difficulties the nearer they lived to the mast. • The performed studies showed the relationship between the incidence of individual symptoms,the level of exposure, and the distance between a residential area and a base station. Wolf R and Wolf D, Increased Incidence of Cancer Near a Cell-phone Transmitter Station, International Journal of Cancer Prevention, (Israel) VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2,APRIL 2004 • A significant higher rate of cancer (300% increase) among all residents living within 300m radius of a mobile phone mast for between three and seven years was detected. • 900%cancer increase among women alone • In the area of exposure (area A) eight cases of different kinds of cancer were diagnosed in a period of only one year.This rate of cancers was compared both with the rate of 31 cases per 10,000 per year in the general population and the 2/1222 rate recorded in the nearby clinic (area B).The study indicates an association between increased incidence of cancer and living in proximity to a cell-phone transmitter station. Changes of Neurochemically Important Transmitters under the influence of modulated RF fields -A Long Term Study under Real Life Conditions(Germany), Bucher and Eger, 2011 (HEARING COMMENT! • German study showing elevated levels of stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline),and lowered dopamine and PEA levels in urine in area residents during 1st 6 months of cell tower installation. Even after 1.5 years,the levels did not return to normal. The Influence of Being Physically Near to a Cell Phone Transmission Mast on the Incidence of Cancer(Umwelt•Medizin•Gesellschaft 17,4 2004) Eger et al,2004(Germany) • 200% increase in the incidence of malignant tumors was found after five years' exposure in people living within 400m radius of a mobile phone mast.The proportion of newly developing cancer cases is significantly higher among patients who live within 400 meters of a cell phone transmitter. Early age of cancer diagnosis. Microwave electromagnetic fields act by activating voltage-gated calcium channels:why the current international safety standards do not predict biological hazard. Martin L. Pall. Recent Res. Devel. Mol. Cell Biol. 7(2014). • "It can be seen from the above that 10 different well-documented microwave EMF effects can be easily explained as being a consequence of EMF VGCC activation:oxidative stress,elevated single and double strand breaks in DNA,therapeutic responses to such EMFs, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier,cancer, melatonin loss, sleep dysfunction, male infertility and female infertility." Pall ML. 2015. Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression.J. Chem. Neuroanat. 2015 Aug 20. !HEARING COMMENT! • Non-thermal microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) act via voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. • Two U.S.government reports from the 1970s to 1980s provide evidence for many neuropsychiatric effects of non-thermal microwave EMFs, based on occupational exposure studies. 18 more recent epidemiological studies, provide substantial evidence that microwave EMFs from cell/mobile phone base stations,excessive cell/mobile phone usage and from wireless smart meters can each produce similar patterns of neuropsychiatric effects,with several of these studies showing clear dose-response relationships. • Lesser evidence from 6 additional studies suggests that short wave, radio station,occupational and digital TV antenna exposures may produce similar neuropsychiatric effects.Among the more commonly reported changes are sleep disturbance/insomnia, headache, depression/depressive symptoms,fatigue/tiredness,dysesthesia, concentration/attention dysfunction, memory changes,dizziness, irritability, loss of appetite/body weight, restlessness/anxiety, nausea, skin burning/tingling/dermographism and EEG changes. In summary, then,the mechanism of action of microwave EMFs,the role of the VGCCs in the brain,the impact of non-thermal EMFs on the brain, extensive epidemiological studies performed over the past 50 years, and five criteria testing for causality, all collectively show that various non-thermal microwave EMF exposures produce diverse neuropsychiatric effects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST Environmental Health Trust info@ehtrust.org !HEARING COMMENT! P.O.Box 58 Teton Village WY 83025 Express mail: 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest Teton Village WY 83025 NEWSLETTER To receive email updates,environmental tips,promotions to support our work and more from EHT,please sign up. DONATE Your tax-deductible donation will fund life-saving research,education and prevention efforts. PATREON EHT is crowdfunding with Patreon.Your patronage will allow us to develop more educational resources and materials. &IMIIM (HEARING COMMENT( f o O ©2020 Environmental Health Trust HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Eric Twelker <twelker.eric@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:25 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Re: Cell tower at fairgrounds CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links,especially from unknown senders. Dear Commissioners To follow up on this, please send me the description and drawings of the project. Leaving this off the agenda was inexcusable, in my estimation. In looking at this as it appeared on the agenda, I thought it unlikely that it would impact me. It turned out that I was wrong. I saw a quick scroll through that seemed to indicate there might be construction on the Petigrove Street Right right of way that is currently utilized as part of my farm—and has been part of the farm for more than a hundred years. (I have discussed vacation of this right of way with the city, but I have not given it priority. I am prepared to purchase from the city.)I need to know more. On the substance of this,there is no real reason to construct power or cable access across our farm. The county vacated a portion of Petigrove Street many years ago. It would seem quite practical to put the utility access on the fairground. If that were done—and it should be in the proposal—my objection would disappear. I may have further comments when I see the paperwork on this. Eric Twelker 303 47th Street 907-723-9895 > On May 17, 2021, at io:56 AM, Eric Twelker<twelker.eric®a gmail.com>wrote: >This public hearing is a disaster. I can't get a hand raise to work. The documents zipped by on the screen and show construction that has a serious impact on my property. The county needs to do better. I will pursue this. > Eric Twelker » On May 17, 2021,at 7:25 AM, Eric Twelker<twelker.eric®gmail.com>wrote: » Dear Commissioners » The agenda item for this(scheduled today)gives no location for the Verizon cell tower. The fairgrounds is about 33 acres and different tower locations within that area would impact different property owners and even neighborhoods. There is no effective way for the public to comment on this. This needs to be rescheduled and considered once a location has been released to the public. » Eric Twelker • 303 47th Street » HEARING COMMENT jeffbocc From: Robert Sebastian Eggert <maizefield@olympus.net> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 11:28 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: [BULK] Cellular tower lease Attachments: Biological Effects of RFR - Effects on Sperm and Reproduction.pdf; Biological Effects of RFR - Effects on Sperm and Reproduction.pdf; Biological Effects of RFR on Cognition, Memory, Behavior in Children.pdf; Professor Denis Henshaw.rtfd.zip;ATT00001.txt; Fairgrounds Tower Comment.rtf;ATT00002.txt CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Friends, Please know that everyone has a choice about how and whether they choose to use their own devices, but once turned on this telecommunications facility will be blasting everyone constantly day and night in every direction radiation that they can only avoid with expensive mitigation techniques.This is irresponsible in the face of growing evidence that these transmissions are harmful, not just to humans but to all living things. Refuse the lease offer or make it so expensive that the county can afford to pay for mitigation for those that require it. Practice due diligence for the sake of the health of your citizens. Attached please find the documents mentioned. Please read.You might be quite surprised. Greg,the book is The Invisible Rainbow, by Arthur Firstenberg. He has been a guest twice on my Zoom calls.Good luck with your G. I suspect none of you really know what it is;if you'd like to know, call me anytime at 36o 301-97o4.(Yes, it's a cell phone, always on speaker or hard wired,or transferred to a land line.) i HEARING COMMENT rrno ti, . �� Biological Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) on Fertility 1 '1 f Measured in Microwatts per Meter Squared (pW/m2)and SAR(Watts/Kilogram) By Stephanie Sage Kerst, EMRS 10,000,00 pW/m2 US FCC public safety limit for power density(frequencies above 1000 MHz). 11,680-10,530 pW/m2 Irreversible infertility in mice after five generations of exposure to RFR from `antenna park' (Magras, 1997). 5,000-10,000 pW/m2 WiFi intensity laptop exposure for 4 hours decreased sperm viability and caused DNA fragmentation. Sperm placed in petri dishes under a laptop connected to the Internet via WiFi (Avendano, 2012). 700-1000 pW/m2 Sperm head abnormalities in 39%-46% of sperm at cell tower levels of RFR. Pin-head and banana-shaped sperm heads (abnormal shape). Adverse effects on reproductive health of humans living in close proximity to GSM base stations (Otitoloju, 2010). 0.1 pW/m2 ; ,,r Building Biology'Slight Ctinterrt Level 1 015 3-6 pW/m2 Bioinitiative 2012 Precautionary Target Level ��s J/n'''6r.d I/ r� , f'` 1 ,, , ✓.: 7"5 t .+ ,,E'l�� v'-'�'^��l/ /s " y +`",,J�J 1.6 W/kg FCC Specific Absorption Rate(SAR)for torso and head (for a 30 min exposure). 1.8 W/kg 900 MHz whole body RFR resulted in sperm cell death, deformation of sperm cells, prominent clumping of sperm into `grassy rafts' with deformed tails, unable to swim or separate (Yan, 2007). 1.5 W/kg GSM cell phone exposure affected gene expression and heat shock protein was significantly increased, indicating cell stress (Czyz, 2004). 1.46 W/kg 850 MHz cell phone radiation decreased sperm motility and viability. Decrease dependent on amount of time spent on a cell phone (Agarwal, 2008). 1.0 W/kg Motility, sperm count, sperm morphology and viability impaired in dose-response manner with increasing RFR (De luliis, 2009). 1.0 W/kg Human semen degraded by cell phone radiation via oxidative damage (Agarwal, 2008). < 1.0 W/kg STANDBY ONLY mode decreased ovarian follicles. RFR has toxic effects on ovaries of offspring when exposed in utero (GuI, 2009). Sage Living LLC Updated 01/19/21 www.sageliving.us HEARING COMMENT 0.9 W/kg Decreased sperm count and more sperm cell death (Kesari, 2012). 0.795 W/kg Significant decrease in ovarian development and size due to DNA damage. Premature death of nurse cells and follicles in ovaries (Panagopoulous, 2012). 0.43 W/kg Significant decrease in sperm mobility, drop in sperm concentration and decrease in seminiferous tubules in testes with 800 MHz, 8-hr day, 12-week exposure on STANDBY MODE (in rabbits) (Salama, 2010). 0.141 W/kg Structural changes in the testes(Dasdag, 1999). 0.091 W/kg Wireless internet at 2450 MHz increased DNA damage, reduced DNA repair at intensities below 802.11 WiFi limits. Threatens sperm cell integrity and poses risk to male fertility(Atasoy, 2012). 0.014 W/kg Sperm damage from oxidative stress and lower melatonin levels (Kumar, 2012). Sage Living LLC Updated 01/19/21 www.sagellving.us HEARING COMMENT References: Agarwal A, Deepinder F,Sharma RK,Ranga G,Li J.2008. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic:an observational study.Fertil Steril.89(1):124-8. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K,Varghese A,Mouradi R,Sabanegh E,Sharma R.2009.Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves(RF-EMW)from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen:an in vitro pilot study.Fertil Steril. 92(4)1318-1325. Atasoy HI,Gunal MY,Atasoy P, Elgun S, Bugdayci G.2012 Immunohistopathologic demonstration of deleterious effects on growing rat testes of radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices.J Pediatr Urol.[Epub ahead of print]. Avendano C, Mata A,Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncei GE 2012.Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility.American Society for Reproductive Medicine,Published by Elsevier Inc.doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012. Biolnitiative Working Group,Cindy Sage and David O.Carpenter, Editors. Biolnitiative Report:A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation at www.bioinitiative.org, December 31, 2012. Building Biology Institute Guidelines SBM2015:https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/richtwerte-2015- englisch.pdf Czyz J et al,2004. High frequency electromagnetic fields(GSM signals)affect gene expression levels in tumor suppressor p53-deficient embryonic stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 25:296-307. Dasdag,S et al, 1999.Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats. Urological Research 27(3):219-223. De luliis GN, Newey RJ,King BV,Aitken RJ.2009. Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro. PLoS One 4(7):e6446. FCC Guidelines:https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet56/oet56e4.pdf. Gul A,Celebi H, Ugra S.2009.The effects of microwave emitted by cellular phones on ovarian follicles in rats.Arch Gynecol Obstet.280(5):729-33, Kesari KK, Behari J.2012 Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: Role of ROS. Electromagn Biol Med.31(3):213-22, Otitoloju AA, Obe IA,Adewale OA,Otubanjo OA,Osunkalu VO.2010.Preliminary study on the induction of sperm head abnormalities in mice, Mus musculus,exposed to radiofrequency radiations from global system for mobile communication base stations. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 84(1):51-4. Magras, IN&Zenos,TD, 1997. RF Radiation-induced changes in the prenatal development of mice. Bioelectromagnetics 18:455-461. Panagopoulos DJ.2012. Effect of microwave exposure on the ovarian development of Drosophila melanogaster.Cell Biochem Biophys.63(2):121-132. Sage C(2017).Testicular Cancer in Teenage Boys: Is Cell Phone Radiation a Risk Factor for Young Boys Who Wear their Cell Phone on a Belt or in a Front Pocket? PLOS ONE/DO1:10.1371/journal.pone.0172986 February 24,2017. Comment on PLOS paper reporting 'that for boys in the 15-19 age group,that testicular cancer annual incidence increased by 1.55% as diagnosed between 2008 and 2012. Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO.2010. Effects of exposure to a mobile phone on testicular function and structure in adult rabbit. Int J Androl.33(1):88-94. Yan JG,Agresti M, Bruce T,Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS.2007. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertility and Sterility 88(4):957-64. Sage Living LLC Updated 01/19/21 www.sageliving.us 0, L i ,,, HEARING COMMENT � • H z, � Biological Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) on Fertility Measured in Microwatts per Meter Squared (pW/m2)and SAR(Watts/Kilogram) By Stephanie Sage Kerst, EMRS 10,000,00 pW/m2 US FCC public safety limit for power density (frequencies above 1000 MHz). 11,680-10,530 pW/m2 Irreversible infertility in mice after five generations of exposure to RFR from `antenna park' (Magras, 1997). 5,000-10,000 pW/m2 WiFi intensity laptop exposure for 4 hours decreased sperm viability and caused DNA fragmentation. Sperm placed in petri dishes under a laptop connected to the internet via WiFi (Avendano, 2012). 700-1000 pW/m2 Sperm head abnormalities in 39%-46% of sperm at cell tower levels of RFR. Pin-head and banana-shaped sperm heads (abnormal shape). Adverse effects on reproductive health of humans living in close proximity to GSM base stations (Otitoloju, 2010). a:1-10 pWfm2 Budding Biology'Slight of cern Levet SEflti 015 3-6 pW/m2 Bioinitiative 2012 Precautionary Target Level ..,,.,.,...,../ ,., r„�„,tea,. r ,a.,�, w sF .,, . ;., r,G.� ,✓cf,.,r �,�, „,,.,.%s�. r,... .-p,5 1.6 W/kg FCC Specific Absorption Rate(SAR)for torso and head (for a 30 min exposure). 1.8 W/kg 900 MHz whole body RFR resulted in sperm cell death, deformation of sperm cells, prominent clumping of sperm into `grassy rafts' with deformed tails, unable to swim or separate(Yan, 2007). 1.5 W/kg GSM cell phone exposure affected gene expression and heat shock protein was significantly increased, indicating cell stress (Czyz, 2004). 1.46 W/kg 850 MHz cell phone radiation decreased sperm motility and viability. Decrease dependent on amount of time spent on a cell phone (Agarwal, 2008). 1.0 W/kg Motility, sperm count, sperm morphology and viability impaired in dose-response manner with increasing RFR (De luliis, 2009). 1.0 W/kg Human semen degraded by cell phone radiation via oxidative damage (Agarwal, 2008). < 1.0 W/kg STANDBY ONLY mode decreased ovarian follicles. RFR has toxic effects on ovaries of offspring when exposed in utero (Gul, 2009). Sage Living LLC Updated 01/19/21 www.sageliving.us HEARING COMMENT 0.9 W/kg Decreased sperm count and more sperm cell death (Kesari, 2012). 0.795 W/kg Significant decrease in ovarian development and size due to DNA damage. Premature death of nurse cells and follicles in ovaries (Panagopoulous, 2012). 0.43 W/kg Significant decrease in sperm mobility, drop in sperm concentration and decrease in seminiferous tubules in testes with 800 MHz, 8-hr day, 12-week exposure on STANDBY MODE (in rabbits) (Salama, 2010). 0.141 W/kg Structural changes in the testes(Dasdag, 1999). 0.091 W/kg Wireless internet at 2450 MHz increased DNA damage, reduced DNA repair at intensities below 802.11 WiFi limits. Threatens sperm cell integrity and poses risk to male fertility(Atasoy, 2012). 0.014 W/kg Sperm damage from oxidative stress and lower melatonin levels (Kumar, 2012). Sage Living LLC Updated 01/19/21 www.sageliving,us HEARING COMMENT References: Agarwal A, Deepinder F,Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J.2008. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic:an observational study.Fertil Steril.89(1):124-8. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K,Varghese A, Mouradi R,Sabanegh E,Sharma R.2009. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves(RF-EMW)from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen:an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril. 92(4)1318-1325. Atasoy HI,Gunal MY,Atasoy P, Elgun S, Bugdayci G.2012 Immunohistopathologic demonstration of deleterious effects on growing rat testes of radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices.J Pediatr Urol. [Epub ahead of print]. Avendano C,Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA,Doncel GE.2012. Use of laptop computers connected to Internet through Wi-Fl decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility.American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012. Biolnitiative Working Group,Cindy Sage and David O.Carpenter, Editors. Biolnitiative Report:A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation at www.bioinitiative.org, December 31, 2012. Building Biology Institute Guidelines SBM2015:https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/richtwerte-2015- englisch.pdf Czyz J et al,2004.High frequency electromagnetic fields(GSM signals)affect gene expression levels in tumor suppressor p53-deficient embryonic stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 25:296-307. Dasdag,S et al, 1999.Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats. Urological Research 27(3):219-223. De lulus GN,Newey RJ, King By,Aitken RJ.2009.Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro.PLoS One 4(7):e6446. FCC Guidelines:https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet56/oet56e4.pdf. Gul A,Celebi H, Ugras S.2009.The effects of microwave emitted by cellular phones on ovarian follicles in rats.Arch Gynecol Obstet.280(5):729-33, Kesari KK,Behari J.2012 Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: Role of ROS. Electromagn Biol Med. 31(3):213-22, Otitoloju AA,Obe IA,Adewale OA,Otubanjo OA,Osunkalu VO.2010.Preliminary study on the induction of sperm head abnormalities in mice, Mus musculus,exposed to radiofrequency radiations from global system for mobile communication base stations.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 84(1):51-4. Magras, IN&Zenos,TD,1997. RF Radiation-induced changes in the prenatal development of mice. Bioelectromagnetics 18:455-461. Panagopoulos DJ.2012. Effect of microwave exposure on the ovarian development of Drosophila melanogaster.Cell Biochem Biophys.63(2):121-132. Sage C(2017).Testicular Cancer in Teenage Boys: Is Cell Phone Radiation a Risk Factor for Young Boys Who Wear their Cell Phone on a Belt or in a Front Pocket? PLOS ONE/DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172986 February 24,2017. Comment on PLOS paper reporting 'that for boys in the 15-19 age group,that testicular cancer annual incidence increased by 1.55%as diagnosed between 2008 and 2012. Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO.2010.Effects of exposure to a mobile phone on testicular function and structure in adult rabbit. Int J Androl. 33(1):88-94. Yan JG,Agresti M, Bruce T,Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS.2007. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats.Fertility and Sterility 88(4):957-64. Sage Living LLC Updated 01/19/21 www.sageliving.us HEARING COMMENT of Li`�:. ; Sal Biological Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) on Cognition, Memory and Behavior in Adults and Children Measured in Microwatts per Meter Squared (pW/m2) By Stephanie Sage Kerst, EMRS 10,000,00 pW/m2 US FCC public safety limit for power density (frequencies above 1500 MHz). 40,000 pW/m2 RFR caused changes in hippocampus (brain, memory and learning) (Tattersall, 2001). 2100-12,800 pW/m2 Adolescents and adults exposed only 45 min to UMTS cell phone radiation reported increased headaches(Riddervold, 2008). 1200 pW/m2 RFR from 3G cell towers decreased cognition and well-being (Zwamborn, 2003). 500-1,000 pW/m2 RFR related to headache, concentration and sleeping problems, fatigue (Kundi, 2009). 100-1100 pW/m2 RFR from cell towers caused fatigue, headaches, sleeping problems (Navarro, 2003). 100-500 pW/m2 Adults (18-91 yrs) with short-term exposure to GSM cell phone radiation reported headache, neurological problems, sleep and concentration problems (Hutter, 2006). 50-400 pW/m2 Adults exposed to short-term cell phone radiation reported headaches, concentration difficulties (differences not significant, but elevated (Thomas, 2008). 50 pW/m2 In adults(30-60 yrs)chronic exposure caused sleep disturbances, (but not significantly increased across the entire population) (Mohler, 2010). 30-500 pW/m2 In children and adolescents(8-17 yrs)short-term exposure caused conduct problems in school (behavioral problems) (Thomas, 2010). 30-200 pW/m2 In children and adolescents (8-17 yrs) short-term exposure caused headache, irritation, concentration difficulties in school (Heinrich, 2010). 6-128 pW/m2 Fatigue, depressive tendency, sleeping disorders, concentration difficulties, cardiovascular problems reported with exposure to GSM 900/1800 MHz cell phone signal at base station level exposures (Oberfeld, 2004). 0.1-10 pW/m2 Building Biology Slight Concern Level SBM2015 3-6 pW/m2 Bioinitiative 2012 Precautionary Target Level 1,2 /, "2yi"` �" Y r '�is^ �,�,�j F`��+� x ��•.F i J)` `�us� �� � `��.�',i ,:.�F,s:,krz Sage L v e'g LL ' Updated 9/29/20 ',rknr°,nr a e v rsg.+ems HEARING COMMENT Source: Biolnitiative 2012 Report,RF Color Charts and Bibliography,C.Sage,2012 as amended. References: Biolnitiative Working Group, Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, Editors. Biolnitiative Report:A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation at www.bioini iati or , December 31,2012. Building Biology Institute Guidelines SBM2015:https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/richtwerte-2015-englisch.pdf. Heinrich, S., Thomas, S., Neumann, C., von Kries, R., &Radon, K. (2010). Association between exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields assessed by dosimetry and acute symptoms in children adolescents: a population based cross-sectional study. Environmental Health,9,75.doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-75. Hutter, H.P., Moshammer, H., Wallner, P., & Kundi,M. (2006). Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems,and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations. Occupational and Environmental Medicine,63, 307-313. doi:10.1136/oem.2005. 020784 Kundi, M., & Huffer, H.P. (2009). Mobile phone base stations - effects on wellbeing and health. Pathophysiology, 16,123-135. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.008. Mohler, E., Frei, P., Braun-Fahrlander, C., Frohlich, J., Neubauer, G., & Roosli,M; Qualifax Team. (2010). Effects of everyday radiofrequency electromagnetic-field exposure on sleep quality: a cross-sectional study. Radiant Research,174,347-356. doi:10.1667/RR2153.1 Navarro, E.A., Segura, J., Portoles, M., & Gomez-Perretta de Mateo, C. (2003). The microwave syndrome: A pre-liminary study in Spain. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 22, 161-169. doi:10.1081/JBC-120024625 Oberfeld, G., Enrique, N.A., Manuel, P., Ceferino, M., &Gomez-Perretta de Mateo, C. (2004). The microwave syndrome -further aspects of a Spanish study. 3rd International Workshop on Biological Effects of Electro-magnetic Fields.Kos,Greece. Riddervold IS, Pedersen GF,Andersen NT, Pedersen AD,Andersen JB,Zachariae R, Mrlhave L, Sigsgaard T,Kjaergaard SK.Cognitive function and symptoms in adults and adolescents in relation to rf radiation from UMTS base stations. Bioelectromagnetics. 29(4):257-267,2008. Tattersall,JE et al,2001. Effects of low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res 904(1):43-53. Thomas, S., Heinrich, S., von Kries, R., & Radon, K. (2010). Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and behavioural problems in Bavarian children and adolescents. European Journal of Epidemiology, 25, 135-141. doi:10.1007/s10654-009-9408- x. Thomas, S., Kuhnlein, A., Heinrich, S., Praml, G., Nowak,D., von Kries, R., & Radon, K. (2008). Personal expo-sure to mobile phone frequencies and well-being in adults: a cross-sectional study based on dosimetry. Bioelectromagnetics, 29, 463-470. doi:10.1002/bem.20414. Zwamborn A. P. M., Vossen S. H. J., van Leersum B. J. A.,Ouwens M. A., & Makel W. N. (2003). Effects of global communication system radio-frequency fields on well being and cognitive functions of human subjects with and without subjective complaints. TNO Reports, FELO3C148, 1-89. https://www.emf-portal.org/en/artic le/12820. Sage Luring LLC Updated 9/29/20 www.sagelving.us HEARING COMMENT I am Sebastian Eggert. I've been a General Contractor since 1978. I built the doors shown in my background image. I think you may recognize them. Besides my day job I also work as an electromagnetic radiation specialist. I have had hundreds of hours in training and research with the Building Biology Institute and currently host a weekly three hour Zoom call with two dozen other specialists. On these calls we discuss our cases and interview guests, some of the most prominent research scientists and doctors in the international community. We detect and mitigate electric fields, magnetic fields, high voltage transients and radio frequency radiation to improve the lives of those sensitive to it or who are concerned about the proliferation of these forms of pollution. There is no doubt that even if you personally are not affected there are people you know that are. I have helped many people in this area discover the problems and improve their health outcomes. The standards for exposure to radio frequency radiation were developed in the 1960 by measuring the increase of temperature of the simulated brain of a 220 lb. soldier when exposed to the transmissions. This is certainly not valid for children. Negative health effects are seen at levels thousands of times less than what are now considered safe exposures by those charged with protecting us from these fields. The telecommunications industry has had a revolving door with the FCC for many years so it's no exaggeration to say that they wrote the rules. I will send you by e-mail three different document that list peer review published scientific research papers that describe specific effects and at what power levels they occur, compared to what Building Biologists consider safe levels. Also, I will include an article describing why these effects occur at levels far lower than previously considered dangerous. Please take the time to read them if you choose to be fully informed. As part of a nation wide survey to establish base line radio frequency radiation levels I measured five intersections downtown and by the hospital. The levels discovered were as much as 3,600 times higher than what is considered safe by Building Biologists. Permission to install more of these towers is a sellout for at the expense of your citizens. See it for what it is, a desperate money grab. We do not know the long term consequences of this technology, nor do we know what level of responsibility HEARING COMMENT the County will share if legal action is taken by those affected. I'm just glad I don't live on the hillsides nearby. It would be far better to look into the future and encourage investment in technology that is much safer, faster, and secure. Fiber optics will cost more but will be a much better use of funds in the long run. I strongly oppose the use of any County facilities to support Verizon or any wireless telecommunications usage. Once opened, we won't be able to close this Pandora's Box. Please contact me if you have any questions. I'm always happy to inform interested people about this issue. Seb HEARING COMMENT Cell phone radio waves have insufficient energy to damage DNA and cause serious illness — an enduring fallacy Professor Denis L. Henshaw It is said that unlike X-rays and gamma-rays, the energy of the electromagnetic radiation* (radio waves)used by cell phones is insufficient to ionize atoms or molecules and therefore cannot damage DNA and cause illnesses such as cancer. This ancient assertion has been put more explicitly: radio waves used by cell phones lack the quantum energy to eject electrons from atoms or molecules and therefore cannot cause cancer. Both forms of the assertion are a fallacy. To explain this fallacy, we first need to understand the precise meaning of these statements. In physics, ionization refers to the ejection of electrons well away from their parent atom or molecule. The situation is different to that, familiar to chemists, of ions in solution. X-rays and gamma-rays come in individual wave packets called photons. Each photon has energy, known as its quantum energy. The energy is indeed sufficient to cause ionization. Radio waves are ultimately composed of photons and indeed the individual energy of these photons is insufficient to cause ionization—this is why radio waves are termed non-ionizing radiation. There is, however, a crucial difference between radio waves and X- and gamma-rays that I will come on to later. Most known cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) are non-ionizing Here is a simple question: If cell phone radio waves cannot cause cancer because they are non-ionizing, then how do asbestos particles, cancer viruses and carcinogenic chemicals cause cancer because none of these are ionizing in the sense of ionizing radiation? The answer is also simple. Asbestos particles, cancer viruses and carcinogenic chemicals cause cancer by distinct processes and not by ionization. [I estimate less than 1% of annual cancer deaths in the UK population can be attributed to ionizing radiation, such as from radon-induced lung cancer. The rest, if there are attributable causal factor(s), arise from agents or factors that are non-ionizing]. So, are there distinct processes by which cell phone radio waves could cause cancer? The answer is yes as I will explain in more detail later. HEARING COMMENT But first, a little more about the action of ionizing radiation in biology. Historically, it was known that when biological cells were irradiated by X- or gamma-rays this resulted in differences in chromosome structure, indicative of DNA damage, which was visible under the microscope. The 1946 textbook by D E Lea traces the history of these findings. The DNA damage was not observed directly at the time of irradiation of the cells, rather later when the cells were dividing and individual chromosomes were visible. The differences in chromosome structure were initially termed changes in chromosome architecture. Later,the term chromosome breakage was introduced and therefore the idea that the chromosomes, and hence the DNA had been broken by the radiation. Furthermore,the site of these chromosome breaks were assumed to correspond to the actual points where radiation hit the DNA. The Bystander Effect The above concepts became established in radiobiology and endured for 50 years. Then, in 1992 scientists at Harvard, USA, found that cells that had not been irradiated with ionizing radiation but were is the vicinity of those that had, exhibited the same chromosome damage as the irradiated cells. This profound observation was quickly confirmed by others, indeed the effect was also found in cells grown in the same culture medium as irradiated cells, but had never been anywhere near the irradiated cells or the actual radiation. These findings, since termed The Bystander Effect showed that direct damage, such as that by ionizing radiation, is not required to induce DNA damage in cells. The effect has since been shown with genotoxic chemicals, metals and nano-particles. Genomic Instability, ionizing radiation and magnetic fields Also in 1992, scientists at the former UK MRC Radiobiology Unit at Chilton, exposed blood cells to ionizing (alpha-particle) radiation. Instead of looking at the first cell division, the authors waited 10— 15 cell divisions, after which a miscellany of radiation damage appeared. This observation, known as Genomic Instability has since been confirmed with both ionizing radiation and chemical agents. Genomic Instability has since been recognized as a hallmark of cancer progression. Together,the Bystander Effect and Genomic Instability have transformed our understanding of radiation biology away from direct quantum energy `hit—effects' towards complex ongoing `cellular responses' shared by DNA damaging agents in general, including magnetic fields. In 2014, scientists at the University of Eastern Finland, using human neuroblastoma cells, demonstrated that magnetic fields* also engender Genomic Instability, a finding that has been replicated. This is a profound observation. While the magnetic fields were of the type associated with power lines and our electricity supply rather than the specific magnetic component of electromagnetic HEARING COMMENT radiation (radio waves), they demonstrate that in this regard magnetic fields behave just like any other carcinogen. So how might cell phone radio waves damage DNA? To reiterate,the individual energy of radio wave photons is insufficient to cause ionization. However,this argument confuses what is called"Quantum Physics" from the traditional "Classical Physics". X-rays or gamma-rays tend in practice to be well spaced out so that their ionizing action is that of a single photon. In complete contrast, a magnetic field associated with for example a typical cell phone consists of a rather massive number of photons (in technical terminology around le+20 of them per cubic wavelength). As such, we are not concerned with the energy of individual photons, rather the coherent energy of the whole group. Such energy far exceeds the individual "quantum" energy. The technical aspects of this basic flaw in the "quantum energy" argument have been discussed by Dr William Bruno, Los Alamos, USA. The Radical Pair Mechanism of magnetic field interaction with biological systems The Radical Pair Mechanism or RPM is deeply rooted in basic physics and chemistry. Its home is in so-called spin chemistry, originating in the 1960s. However,the concepts involved date from the late 19th Century and the discovery of the Zeeman Effect in 1896 for which Pieter Zeeman was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1902. The RPM is the process by which low intensity magnetic fields can alter the spin state of pairs of free radicals from the so-called short-lived singlet state(nano-second lifetime)to the so-called longer-lived(micro-second lifetime)triplet state making them more available to cause biological damage. The process operates at energy levels some ten million times lower than thermal energies. It has been widely discussed in chemical and biological systems and in the context of human health. The RPM has been particularly successful in offering a mechanism to explain the action of the magnetic compass in animals, for example the ability of birds, other species including potentially humans,to detect tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic field for navigation and migration. The process is believed to act via crypto chrome protein molecules in the eye. Such molecules including those in humans have been shown to be magneto-sensitive. The experimental evidence supporting the role of the RPM in magneto-reception lies in the ability of magnetic fields in the radio wave band to disrupt animal compass orientation. Of particular interest here are the observations by scientists at the University of Oldenburg, Germany that ambient electromagnetic radiation from nearby radio transmitters disrupts the orientation of migratory birds in captivity. Summary The idea that since cell phone radio waves do not have the quantum energy to damage DNA and HEARING COMMENT therefore cannot cause ill health is a fallacy. It is flawed at a number of levels, from the very physics upon which it is supposedly based, to chemistry and biology. Most of all, the idea is not born out by the tens of thousands of peer-reviewed studies reporting biological effects from exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation, including those associated with radio wave frequencies used by cell phones. ************************ *Explanation of technical terms In simple terms, electromagnetic radiation consists of electric and magnetic waves which are intrinsically linked and which travel through the air at the speed of light. Radio waves including those used by cell phones, visible light,X- and gamma-rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation and are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A magnetic field is an area where one can experience a magnetic force, for example around a fridge magnet. Similarly, an electric field is an area where one can experience an electric force, for example one created by static electric charge. Electric and magnetic fields exist around power lines (where in essence they exist separately)without radiating away from the power line. So what is the difference between electromagnetic fields (EMF) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR)? Let's start with the magnetic field around a bar magnet sitting on a table. The magnetic field is stationary, it does not move. Now wave the magnet around. The associated magnetic field is now also moving around. In doing so, it radiates into the air. So does a moving electric field. A radiating magnetic field will generate an associated radiating electric field and vice versa, hence electromagnetic radiation. Importantly, the electric and magnetic fields around power lines while they are changing 50 times per second in the UK and Europe and 60 times per second in the USA, this is too slow to result in any meaningful electromagnetic radiation from power lines. Indeed, if there were such radiation, the power line would be acting as an aerial transmitting power into the air rather than down the power line! Scientific references • Lea DE. 1946. Actions of radiations on living cells. Cambridge University Press. • Nagasawa H, Little J. B. 1992. Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges by Extremely Low Doses of a-Particles. Cancer Res. 52: 6394-6396. • Mothersill C, Seymour C. 2001. REVIEW: Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects: Past History and Future Directions. Radiation Research 155:759-767. • Verma N, Tiku AB. 2017 Review Significance and nature of bystander responses induced by various agents. Mutation Research 773:104-121. • Kadhim MA, Macdonald DA, Goodhead DT, Lorimore SA, Marsden SJ, Wright EG. 1992. Transmission of chromosomal instability after polutonium E-particle irradiation. Nature, 355 (1992) 738-740. • Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. 2014. Induction of genomic instability, oxidative processes, and mitochondrial activity by 50 Hz magnetic fields in human SH-SYSY neuroblastoma cells. Mutation Research 760 (2014) 33—41 HEARING COMMENT • Juutilainen J, Herrala M, Luukkonen J, Naarala J. Hore PJ. 2018. Magnetocarcinogenesis: is there a mechanism for carcinogenic effects of weak magnetic fields? Proc. R. Soc. B 285: 20180590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0590. • William J. Bruno, Ph.D. April 25, 2017. What does photon energy tell us about cellphone safety?New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1104/1104.5008.pdf • Brocklehurst R, McLauchlan KA 1996. Free radical mechanism for the effects of environmental electromagnetic fields on biological systems. Int J Radiat Biol. 69:3-34. • Rodgers CT. 2009. Magnetic field effects in chemical systems, Pure Appl Chem, 81(1), 19-43. • Ritz T, Thalau P, Phillips JB, Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W. 2004. Resonance effects indicate a radical-pair mechanism for avian magnetic compass. Nature 429:177-180. • Pakhomov A, Bojarinova J, Cherbunin R, Chetverikova R, Grigoryev PS, Kavokin K, Kobylkov D, Lubkovskaja R, Chernetsov N. 2017. Very weak oscillating magnetic field disrupts the magnetic compass of songbird migrants. J. R. Soc. Interface 14: 20170364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0364. • Wang CX, Isaac, Hilburn A, Wu D-A, Mizuhara Y, Couste CP, Abrahams JNH, Bernstein SE, Matani A, Shimojo A, Kirschvink JL. 2019. Transduction of the Geomagnetic Field as Evidenced from alpha-Band Activity in the Human Brain. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0483-18.2019. • Sherrard RM, Morellini N, Jourdan N, El-Esawi M, Arthaut L-D,Niessner C, Rouyer F, Klarsfeld A, Doulazmi M, Witczak J, d'Harlingue A, Mariani J, Mclure I, Martino CF, Ahmad M. 2018. Low-intensity electromagnetic fields induce human cryptochrome to modulate intracellular reactive oxygen species. PLoS Biol 16(10): e2006229. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006229 • Foley LE, Gegearl RJ, Reppert SM. 2011. Human cryptochrome exhibits light-dependent magnetosensitivity. Nature Comm. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1364 • Engels S, Schneider N-L, Lefeldt N, Hein CM, Zapka M, Michalik A, Elbers D, Kittel A, Hore PJ, Mouritsen M. 2014. Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird. Nature 509:353-356. doi:10.1038/nature13290. Professor Denis Henshaw BSc PhD Scientific director, CHILDREN with CANCER UK;s Professor at Bristol Universityfskp]Fellow, Collegium Ramazzini Denis is Scientific Director at Children with Cancer UK and Emeritus Professor of Human Radiation Effects at the University of Bristol. As an MRC Programme Grant Holder, using newly developed techniques, Denis researched low-level alpha-radioactivity in the human body, principally in the lung and the skeleton, but more especially the accumulation of polonium-210 in Children's teeth and transplacental transfer of alpha-radionuclides to the fetus. The same techniques were also used widely in the environment for analysing naturally occurring radon gas and radioactivity in contamination zones such as the area around Chernobyl. In 1990, he published a link between domestic radon exposure and childhood leukaemia which, in high radon areas, could be an important contributive cause. He later studied the mechanisms by which exposure to electric and magnetic fields from powerlines and the electricity supply in HEARING COMMENT general may lead to increased risk of childhood leukaemia and other illnesses. Denis has published over 260 scientific papers and served on a number of Government Committees. He was for ten years an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Radiation Biology. Denis Henshaw Childhood Cancer 2017 talk video jeffbocc From: Joseph Karniewicz <jkarniewicz@cablespeed.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 9:45 AM To: jeffbocc; Port Townsend Public Comment Subject: Support for PTPS proposal to decriminalize entheogens CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear City Council Members/County Commissioners, I am very disappointed that the resolution put forth by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society is still in a state of limbo. Rather than speak in generalities, let me tell you why this resolution is important to me. I am 75 years old and have been a resident of Port Townsend for over 20 years. I have a Ph.D in physics and have worked for many years as a research scientist in the microelectronics industry. I was indoctrinated at an early age into the Catholic religion but, like many others,the stories that captured me as a child no longer held power over me as an adult. I was left spiritually adrift with an ever growing need for spiritual connection. It was at this point that I became aware of the many other paths that humans have used for millennia to explore the mysteries of our existence. I began to see the common message in all of these forms and could even begin to interpret the old stories of my Catholic tradition in a new light. As you know, most religions support the spiritual evolution of their adherents through the three modalities of community, ceremony, and sacrament.All are important but it is only the sacrament that promises to open a door that leads beyond our limited sense of self. In my religion,the sacraments we use are entheogens and I can state that they have taken me deeply into a spiritual awareness that was previously only hinted at by traditional religions. But my religion is considered "illegal". I am forced to practice it under a cloud of fear and behind closed doors. I cannot openly meet in ceremony with like minded individuals because there is the constant threat that we could be arrested, sentenced to prison,financially destroyed and socially ostracized. Imagine what your Sunday services would be like if you attended them with the fear of arrest and punishment hanging over your head. You now have the power to begin to change this situation by passing the resolution offered by the Port Townsend Psychedelic Society. I ask that you do so and add my right to practice my religion openly,joyfully and without fear to the long list of reasons that make this the right decision for Port Townsend. Thank you, Joseph Karniewicz 1 jeffbocc From: Peter Bahls <peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 10:46 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Response 1 of 2 from DNR Dabob Bay inter-trust exchange questions CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Please see below...1 of 2 responses by DNR to questions re Dabob Bay intertrust exchange Peter Bahls, Executive Director Northwest Watershed Institute 3407 Eddy Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 360-385-6786 www.nwwatershed.org From: "WINSLOW, ROBERT (DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Date: Friday, May 14, 2021 at 3:08 PM To: Peter Bahls <peter@nwwatershed.org> Cc: "Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)" <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov>, "GORDON, DAVID (DNR)" <DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>, "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: RE: A few questions more questions re Dabob Bay TLT Peter, following are some answers to the questions posed below. Note that your question#2 is actually a multi-part question, so I get extra "credits" for answering all of the elements. 1) are there ANY OTHER common school parcels in the Quilcene FD that were not included as possible exchange parcels? If so, please send a map and acreage and notes on why not included. The following are some "other" DNR Common School Trust parcels located within the Quilcene Fire District boundary that were not selected to date for this Dabob Bay Inter-Trust Land Exchange project and a concise note on at least one reason why DNR has not chosen to spend money on appraising them or valuing them for this inter-trust land exchange. A. S. 16,T27N, R2W 480+/-acres This parcel commonly called Devils Lake has a natural area on a portion of the property, uncommon and rare plant communities on portions, Puget Sound shoreline buffer, this Devils Lake natural area boundary was expanded but the trust land has not yet been transferred into the approved expanded boundary due to lack of funds. Deemed not an ideal long-term candidate replacement property for the SFL Trust. 1 B. S. 2, T26?N, R1W 5+/-acres This parcel is part of the current Dabob Bay TLT proposal and the only parcel that does not need an inter-trust exchange for the TLT project. Since this 5 acre parcel is proposed for transfer along with the SFL trust land to the west, this was not a viable parcel to become SFL trust. C. S. 16, T28N, R1W 600+/-acres (581 acres reference below) This is the parcel that you requested additional information about and on Monday I responded with the answers below.That parcel was not chosen earlier in the process in part due to the following items: A. Limited project funds and the high costs of forest appraisals and the need to not appraise all of the potentially eligible parcels. B. Desire to value Common School Trust in-holding parcels that are situated in predominately State Forest Land Trust ownership in order to simplify management for each trust beneficiary and to also provide more future flexibilities for trust management where each trust beneficiary owns the entire parcel. Note that many of the parcels that were chosen fit this scenario. C. DNR was not able to hold a public meeting earlier in this Dabob Bay TLT process due to COVID rules and regulations, so earlier community input into candidate Common School inter-trust land exchange parcels did not seem feasible. D. The forest age classes are primarily younger for this referenced parcel and a desire to attempt to select older age classes of Common School Trust lands to attempt to balance the number of acres traded between the trust beneficiaries. E. This parcel is located in the Quilcene Fire Department similar to most of the Trust Land Transfer parcels, however this parcel is located in the Chimacum School District and only one of the Trust Land Transfer parcels is located in the Chimacum School District. Many sub-taxing districts,all with their own unique district boundaries and needs. 2) If the community weighs in to include the 581 acre parcel for exchange (S. 16,T28N, R1W), is that even possible at this stage? It is possible for you or others to request inclusion of this Hwy 104 parcel, so it is legal and possible to request. Some of the reasons listed above are challenges for using this parcel in an inter-trust exchange. Furthermore, I think that at this point DNR has spent all of the allowed TLT administration funds to get to this stage of this project (DNR is limited to no more than 1.9%of the appropriation for all administrative costs in the capital budget appropriation; Note that under RCO Manual 3,Acquisition Projects, RCO allows 5%of the total appropriation for administrative costs and with special permission this can be raised up to 10%. Note also that RCO projects only involve the cost of the actual project property, not doubling the transaction costs and doubling the scope of the project to also include appraisal of the inter-trust land exchange property, and needed public hearing and public outreach costs tied to the inter-trust land exchange). DNR may be out of or short on funds for any additional appraisal work. It is important to note that DNR has added Parcel CS-15 (Beaver Valley; S.7,T28N, R1E) for inter-trust land exchange consideration after the initial TLT project appraisal to attempt to address any Chimacum School District sub-taxing interests tied to TLT Parcel A(Thorndyke). This has cost additional time and money and was done to attempt to be proactive in what might be some of the community concerns and to provide options.What would be involved? To add another trust parcel it needs to occur before any legal ads are sent out for a public hearing and be included in mapping for a public hearing. Next any added parcel needs background information researched in order to prepare an appraisal assignment to be bid out and completed and a market value established. All of this involves or course money and time. How might it slow down the process? Now is the time to add any other parcel for consideration in advance of outreach efforts for the rescheduled public hearing. There is only a small cost to add a parcel to a legal ad or to modify existing maps. There is a large cost to appraise properties by certified appraisers. The only effect on slowing down the process is to absorb staff's limited time and funds on re-doing maps and outreach documents and to prepare and or conduct appraisals of properties that may or may not be needed and DNR funds may or may not be available to pay for any additional appraisal work. 2 From: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent:Thursday, May 13, 2021 4:26 PM To:WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)<ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Cc: Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)<Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: Re:A few questions more questions re Dabob Bay TLT External Email Bob, Added complexity is that the Thorndyke piece is in Ludlow Fire District, but still Quilcene School District.. I meet again with County Commissioners on Monday to go over a letter of support. If you can get back to me on the two questions below before then,that would be great.Thanks much. I was disappointed the meeting was canceled, but perhaps extra time to adjust the proposal and selection of School Trust lands to make it even more broadly supported by the county. Peter Bahls, Executive Director Northwest Watershed Institute 3407 Eddy Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 360-385-6786 www.nwwatershed.org From: "WINSLOW, ROBERT (DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Date: Monday, May 10, 2021 at 6:18 PM To: Peter Bahls <peter@nwwatershed.org> Cc: "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov>, "Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)" <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: RE: A few questions more questions re Dabob Bay TLT Peter, this Dabob Bay Inter-Trust Exchange hearing/meeting is being postponed and will not occur on May 13`h. DNR will be sending notices out concerning this tomorrow. I will work on these questions later this week, but there is more time now for the outreach process. From: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent: Monday, May 10, 2021 3:42 PM To:WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)<ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov>; GORDON, DAVID (DNR) <DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>; Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR) <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Subject:A few questions more questions re Dabob Bay TLT 3 External Email Thanks Bob, Just met with County Commissioners and went over the inter-trust exchange and TLT process within them.They generally seem to be very positive on the TLT and realize it is a good deal for the county overall.The only concern is the Quilcene FD being shorted acreage and value (especially if C6,67, c11,12,13 are not included at county request because of encumberance by G2 rare plant association and/or within the future proposed Dabob Bay NA boundary that would protect that rare plant association). This would leave only about 478 acres of CS land in Quilcene for exchange (instead of 845 acres).One of the commissioners and I are planning to meet with Quilcene Fire chief in the next few days.So a few more critical questions for you— 1) are there ANY OTHER common school parcels in the Quilcene FD that were not included as possible exchange parcels? If so, please send a map and acreage and notes on why not included. 2) If the community weighs in to include the 581 acre parcel for exchange, is that even possible at this stage?What would be involved and how might it slow down the process? Thanks much Peter Bahls, Executive Director Northwest Watershed Institute 3407 Eddy Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 360-385-6786 www.nwwatershed.org From: "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Date: Monday, May 10, 2021 at 2:16 PM To: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org>, "GORDON, DAVID (DNR)" <DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>, "Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)" <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Cc: "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: RE: A few questions re Dabob Bay TLT That parcel was not chosen earlier in the process in part due to the following items: A. Limited project funds and the high costs of forest appraisals and the need to not appraise all of the potentially eligible parcels. B. Desire to value Common School Trust in-holding parcels that are situated in predominately State Forest Land Trust ownership in order to simplify management for each trust beneficiary and to also provide more future flexibilities for trust management where each trust beneficiary owns the entire parcel. Note that many of the parcels that were chosen fit this scenario, C. DNR was not able to hold a public meeting earlier in this Dabob Bay TLT process due to COVID rules and regulations, so earlier community input into candidate Common School inter-trust land exchange parcels did not seem feasible. D. The forest age classes are primarily younger for this referenced parcel and a desire to attempt to select older age classes of Common School Trust lands to attempt to balance the number of acres traded between the trust beneficiaries. 4 • E. This parcel is located in the Quilcene Fire Department similar to most of the Trust Land Transfer parcels, however this parcel is located in the Chimacum School District and only one of the Trust Land Transfer parcels is located in the Chimacum School District. Many sub-taxing districts, all with their own unique district boundaries and needs. From: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent: Monday, May 10, 2021 1:15 PM To:GORDON, DAVID(DNR)<DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>; Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR) <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Cc:WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)<ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: Re:A few questions re Dabob Bay TLT External Email Dave and Bob, Sorry but one more critical question—why wasn't the 581 acres of school land in the Quilcene FD near the intersection of hwy 104 and Center Road included as potential exchange lands.Quilcene Fire District is concerned about a shortage of replacement lands and this would help... Peter Bahls, Executive Director Northwest Watershed Institute 3407 Eddy Street Port Townsend,WA 98368 360-385-6786 www.nwwatershed.org From: "GORDON, DAVID (DNR)" <DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov> Date: Monday, May 10, 2021 at 12:36 PM To: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org>, "Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)" <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Cc: "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: RE: A few questions re Dabob Bay TLT Peter, Unfortunately it is more complicated than it appears. I was trying to spare you all the details with a short answer to quick question you asked with a short response time. The budget also intended to cover admin costs for two TLT projects. The budget also required the Timber value for both to be transferred to the School Construction Account back in 2019. Long before covid. Long before appraisals and final costs for land and timber were confirmed. In the end, after all expenses, the 19-21 TLT budget is short$1,095,073 DNR researched a number of solutions to fill the gap required to complete the entire TLT package. We are fortunate, use of the WWRP grant funds for this purpose was approved. Otherwise we were left with either reducing the scope of Dabob TLT or seeking additional legislative funds next biennium. 5 Dave David B. Gordon Assistant Division Manager - Transactions Conservation, Recreation &Transactions Division Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) office: (360) 902-1372 while working from home (360) 951-5623 dave.gordon(5 dnr.wa.gov From: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent: Monday, May 10, 2021 11:51 AM To:GORDON, DAVID(DNR)<DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>; Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR) <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Cc:WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)<ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Subject: Re:A few questions re Dabob Bay TLT External Email Gordon, A question on your numbers below—The TLT budget provided by the legislature for Dabob Bay was$6.3 M. Doesn't this only leave you$509,890 short if total appraised value is$6.8? Is the additional$585,183 needed from WWRP(of total WWRP use of$1,095,075 below)for appraisals,staff time,and such?Thanks From: "GORDON, DAVID (DNR)" <DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov> Date: Friday, May 7, 2021 at 11:33 AM To: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org>, "Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)" <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Cc: "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOWPdnr.wa.gov> Subject: RE: A few questions re Dabob Bay TLT Hi Peter, Bob and Kristen are both unavailable today. Responses to your questions; 1) The total appraised value of the Dabob TLT is$6,809,890. $4,039,817 for timber and $2,770,073 for land After providing the entire timber value to the common school construction account in 2019 as required, DNR has only$1,675,000 remaining for land value. 2)Approx. $1,095,073 of WWRP funds will be required to augment the TLT funding. 2) DNR requested and received a reapporpriation of the $1,675,000 from the legislature which extends the window of time allowed to complete the transfer. If necessary, the funding will roll over beyond June 30. DNR is still planning to complete the transfer ASAP but the deadline for us to do so has been extended. Let me know if I can be of further assistance. 6 Dave David B. Gordon Assistant Division Manager - Transactions Conservation, Recreation &Transactions Division Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) office: (360) 902-1372 while working from home (360) 951-5623 dave.gordondnr.wa.gov From: Peter Bahls<peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent: Friday, May 7, 2021 9:58 AM To:GORDON, DAVID(DNR)<DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>; Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR) <Kristen.Bloomfield @d nr.wa.gov> Cc:WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR) <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Subject:A few questions re Dabob Bay TLT External Email David and Kristen, Bob Winslow was very helpful in providing info in advance of my meeting with Jeff Co Commissioners planned for Monday May 10 seeking a letter of support for DNR's upcoming Dabob Bay inter-trust exchange. However, I have few questions I am hoping you can answer today- 1) What is total estimated cost of the TLT?$8M? 2) Approx. how much WWRP grant funding will be used to augment the$6.3 M in legislative funding? 3) If the TLT cannot be accomplished for some reason, did the legislature pass a measure that would allow funding to roll over past June 30 2021 or are there still issues about whether that could be done? Thanks much Peter Bahls, Executive Director Northwest Watershed Institute 3407 Eddy Street Port Townsend,WA 98368 360-385-6786 www.nwwatershed.org jeffbocc From: Peter Bahls <peter@nwwatershed.org> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 10:46 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: Response 2 of 2 from DNR Dabob Bay inter-trust exchange questions CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Please see below...2 of 2 responses by DNR to questions re Dabob Bay intertrust exchange Peter Bahls, Executive Director Northwest Watershed Institute 3407 Eddy Street Port Townsend,WA 98368 360-385-6786 www.nwwatershed.org From: "WINSLOW, ROBERT (DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov> Date: Friday, May 14, 2021 at 3:30 PM To: Peter Bahls <peter@nwwatershed.org> Cc: "WINSLOW, ROBERT(DNR)" <ROBERT.WINSLOW@dnr.wa.gov>, "GORDON, DAVID (DNR)" <DAVID.GORDON@dnr.wa.gov>, "Bloomfield, Kristen (DNR)" <Kristen.Bloomfield@dnr.wa.gov> Subject:Sub-Taxing Districts and Boundaries- One moment to Reflect Peter, since you have been in discussions perhaps with county commissioners and fire chiefs and other parties, I want to share one perspective on sub-taxing districts with you for your consideration. Leaders of government institutions need to look at the past,the current situation, and at the future to best address their stakeholder's needs. Many people get fixated, perhaps too much,on the current boundaries of sub-taxing districts and do not think about the past or the future. Note that many sub-taxing districts in Jefferson County and elsewhere have grown, shrink, disappeared or were merged through time. The growth and harvest of timber is not a quick thing, it is a long thing and takes many decades even in the fast tree growing area of the Evergreen State. A tree stand harvested today in the Quilcene or the Brinnon Fire Department can expect to next be commercially thinned in 30 years in 2051 and the final harvest to perhaps occur in 60 years in 2081, or the timber harvest and timber revenue may never occur due to changes in ecological perspectives,state or county trust laws, or as a result of alternate funding mechanisms. 1. Is the Quilcene and Brinnon Fire District Boundaries along with all others going to be the same as now in 2051 and 2081 ? 2. Are all the school district boundaries going to remain the same in 2051 and 2081 ? 3. Is county tax revenue sharing and timber harvest and sharing of timber harvest receipts going to be under the same laws and processes in 2051 or 2081 ? 4. Most counties have had both school and fire districts merge into larger districts during recent years to address increasing complexities, better service,cost reductions, and staffing flexibility issues. Might the same happen in the future in Jefferson County? 1 5. In part to the what is mentioned above, how critical is it to balance all sub-taxing district issues perfectly at the current moment,when today's conditions may not be tomorrow's conditions ? 6. Have government boundaries and functions and priorities and funding issues changed in the past 30(1991)and 60(1961) and 120(1901)years in Jefferson County? 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 3:30 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Draft listing of summer offerings for children/youth Attachments: Youth Summer 2021.pdf From: Tanya Barnett Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 3:29:09 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) Subject: Draft listing of summer offerings for children/youth CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Jeff. Co. Youth & Family Service Collaborators, Attached, please find a draft list of summer camps and programs in our county for children and youth. Thanks to several folks who helped to provide information for this! And, if you have updated or additional information, please feel free to email it to me and/or to Sillmation's Youth Activity Listing: https://iefferson.skillmation.org/youth-activity-listing(which is so wonderful in terms of being both searchable and comprehensive--e.g., lots of library,Jefferson Teen Center, and other activities). And a quick reminder: I update the Family Resource Navigator Facebook page on a daily basis. I'm trying my best to use this as a way to share information among all of our local agencies. Please be sure to follow/like--if you're on Facebook- -and let me know of items that you'd like to see posted here. Very best wishes, Tanya Tanya M. Barnett (she/her/hers) Family Resource Navigator Social Services YMCA of Jefferson County 1925 Blaine Street, Port Townsend, WA 98368 Cell Phone: 360-565-6025 I Office Phone: 360-554-0011 Email: tnya@ olympicpeninsulavmca.orq I Web: Olympic Peninsula YMCA I FB: YMCA of Jefferson County: Family Resources The Y: We're for youth development, healthy living, and social responsibility CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This e-mail message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure, or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message. 1 VI 0 r.. N N(11 N ra h Q u. > > > r° N a) 4 C 0 0 0 ICSOM LON CoLL O j \ CU v+ O a O O= O c .9- N N O O O OO + 0 COOOOc'J°',.� N i O O OOp N�• ri iN' p ('JO 'C u U U CI lE s 2E N N Ny,,YYYN t? til t/} '^ O O O OOOO 11 V?iJ. 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Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Having trouble viewing this email? Click Here CORONAVIRUS C VlD- ) RESOURCES FOR COUNTIES NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES I NACo.org/coronavirus MAY 17, 2021 1 �.s,,�,.. a. .. ...:.gP.,.a:.a..,sN.A..... •� „.- „r.. .:.o-'. `::.a.•' ?` ., :m, "'max ,�x' '•a: L&7,� � .. � . . ..::;.r„.gay x."".m.$"..>•..." .. ...., '^•:;:;.,� •"�y:;�\ ... .v. ..,a"k.<. " ..v�a....;'x a.,.. i . .. .. ... .a;i.t'e' t+�:'i.��.A•.�:"'�;!n`' e :• :�.: .::ara.....<�� x�: ". -`.., »."^,. :...;.:-'.'.:.::<; ......_ ...«�'=""''� �,ap,..':t:r:r; .' 't.> •• 2�+^�?+va'`�..-".:,a...w.,:.•. i ... P,x: ...�,^.�• _. F. ........:, r �..>a'xra',.M:� s. �y;. ' ..,. :.`:w.�.,<.. .....&,.,."> . ...:.::M:.:::.•• \,• +� k.�: "'. ,awe -'�'• •�•">:<., ^ •. . '�:...i,a'.>Sv.a,�a::i^.a x, f'�' aN .,.<�;;'�; ..... .. .. . -«+ � fit:;�. N < . .. 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'y'.x+�:ty�.. ?Y \t r.. 1. v.-..".' ?2&1AkN 'ij a,t" h`'l.`:yi:.`4 ./ 2 ...--, �'='fir: ;?�;;; ...�: sij 4:x::.�'"«�aa%°air':::y•p,�'..a•,:. ��F 3 .x\..\. ..,`.x:a.i �..• ... rt• ..".�.:.uw ,<, ., .. ....rv,aV, v zz.y.,,, , , N , , . ) , x:.."..,;.;,..P`;..v::..��: .;�:'..:.: <,.....i•.�„;.�.a::." x:.�<�.q�•.�,•=w;1:•P.a-:�,•...•i.a.ir..�.,..:'n..,,�a.•y.:•���.,:,�'...t.:.te+� :�ai�al•a`S. , ' L.`'�'Y'' < A ��:a�yv�.a�:a•?,..\m x , P " , ad ... , A„ � . :"I'`..:?.:'tx.3a.'•=�fi'..k::„\°.sa.°*A'r^.+* •.,-,c.Yam.\,.'.M\. prsitliv4AL x.i,�:,'k:�"�,::.x'`�`.'.."=:e• Ldv gym,,N g. : „F � y v o-o- . r :` wY^ ?<yAam 1: ,�.ba %'w•5:a_�,• k . : N01I11j �� 't11yi a .\ �a ¢ . a ry it� �. n" X� s„ce.trv:' Lik, 111" wa LEAD, LEARN AND CONNECT ON COVID-19 RECOVERY DURING THE 2021 NACo ANNUAL CONFERENCE JULY 9-12 I IN-PERSON & VIRTUAL I PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MD Please join county elected and appointed officials from across the country in Prince George's County, Md. for the National Association of Counties (NACo) 2021 Annual Conference & Exposition. Lead, learn and connect through in-person and virtual attendance options and thoughtfully designed events. Together, we will focus on successful COVID-19 recovery efforts and share key resources, innovations and practices for counties on the front lines. In addition to COVID-19 recovery, the conference will feature many topics important to counties, including broadband, infrastructure, federal public lands management,justice reform, behavioral health, community and workforce development, and much more. LEARN MORE & REGISTER I SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE 111/111 C) q, �o,,,s #CountiesAtWork Virtual Summit �p� i l:11 �n11 d r�p����' tim�� � �= ��� ��� h����nz DUNE 10-11 ��' q , ,,,w, With the effects of automation,shifting demographics, and now the impacts of . ��'1' `4 ,,, ' '116� to COVID-19 and increased remote work opportunities,America's counties are �i� -1V, � ` = , ci planning for workforce and industry needs that seem to be constantly evolving. ' �� Join NACo for a two-day virtual event featuring experts and effective county �� 441 ���dlih'' solutions for a range of workforce issues. LEARN MORE®ISTER 4101 COI * --''''''''''''Vi. NACo National Membership Call: Federal Policy Update THURSDAY, MAY 20 13:15 P.M. EDT > ._ A Join NACo for a national membership call on important federal policy updates w . on several important legislative items that may be considered by Congress in the coming months, including infrastructure, election reform, implementation of the American Rescue Plan, police reform and public lands. Please note that �- � the call is for NACo members only. REGISTER 0 C° EXPLORE COVID-19 RECOVERY RESOURCES Explore key recovery resources below, and visit the NACo COVID-19 Recovery Clearinghouse to stay up-to-date on recovery news and resources from NACo. U.S. Treasury Coronavirus State & Local Fiscal Recovery Fund Resources "'*` Find the latest resources on eligible use of funds and request Recovery Funds. +,.`� �'. + „to, RECOVERY FUND GUIDANCE I REQUEST RECOVERY FUNDS 0It!) i 7 8.9 3 Send NACo Your Questions on Recovery NACo staff are ready to answer your questions on COVID-19 recovery efforts and American Rescue Plan Act implementation.Visit the NACo Recovery i Clearinghouse for important information and to ask a question. ASK A QUESTION 70414 ,,,4,7,_,H, 0 C) 1' j Use the Power of the Media to Amplify Your COVID-19 N' Recovery Efforts N Utilize NACo's customizable press release template and highlight how your county will invest federal funds to drive recovery in your community. PRESS RELEASE TEMPLATE I NACo COMMUNICATIONS TOOLKIT deole 1414* ,r0,04,04x.....j.z 411j) C. 1 American Rescue Plan Funding Breakdown ��`� NACo's interactive tool helps you navigate the American Rescue Plan Act of ION 2021. Programs that may provide counties with additional funding are denoted ml as "county eligible."This information will be updated as federal guidance for the new and existing programs is released. ACCESS THE TOOL ,....._ .nq n 4E1, 0 COVID-19 UPDATES FROM NACo During this critical and unprecedented time, NACo is focused on advocating for the need s of II, counties at the federal level, disseminating useful information to our members and facilitating the exchange of effective strategies and approaches. We share the latest news and resources online at www.NACo.org/coronavirus, as well as via this recurring digest. Click below to subscribe to updates. NACo.org/coronavirus SUBSCRIBE TO UPDATES 4 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION eiCOURES 660 North Capitol Street,NW,Suite 400 Washington,D.C.20001 V f in l + Did someone forward you this email?Sign up to stay up-to-date on topics affecting America's counties! Click here to unsubscribe. 5 jeffbocc From: Randon Draper <randondraper7@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 4:10 PM To: Andrew Draper Cc: jeffbocc Subject: Re: My public comments to animal and parks code (for leash law) CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good comments. I saw them posted and it prompted discussion about retractable leashes. On Mon, May 17, 2021 at 11:07 AM Andrew Draper<andrew.h.draper@gmail.com>wrote: I frequently walk my family's dog on public trails.While I approve of and support the goal of preventing pets from other people that have not given permission for the pet to approach, I strongly urge you to allow for longer leashes that can be quickly shortened when needed.There are many retractable leashes on the market that allow pets greater freedom of movement when appropriate,while still allowing owners to keep animals away from approaching people, pets, and hazards. (16' -20' seem to be common lengths for retractable leashes for small dogs like my family's, for example.) If the code is made to be too strict,then it will likely be inconsistently enforced.This can lead to confusion and anxiety about what is permissible for people like me who are earnestly trying to follow the rules. Inconsistent enforcement also undermines the rule of law, has greater potential to be subject to subconscious racism or other biases, and gives our freedoms and responsibilities over to the whims of authority figures (well-meaning though they might be). Please do not make leash requirements stricter than they need to be. Please allow for things like retractable leashes at extended lengths when others are not nearby. Thank you for the effort you put into helping our community, Andrew Draper 1 jeffbocc From: Jennifer Rotermund <gaiaceousgardens@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, May 17, 2021 4:18 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Decriminalize Entheogenic Medicine CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear County Commissioners, From Jennifer Rotermund of Port Townsend,WA I have sat with this letter for over a week, looking for the right words(hoping I find them)to be heard. I am a resident of Port Townsend, and I am an Entheogenic Integration Coach. Basically, I am no one special or important. However,these days I am sought out regularly because I am (almost)the only person many people feel safe talking to about the fact that they are treating particular health issues themselves(with a lot of success), on their own,with currently illegal entheogenic medicines.As an integration coach, I listen to them and support them, I offer them information on the latest research, I hear their life stories, I empathize with their struggles and I applaud &celebrate with them on their breakthroughs&successes. I work with a local resident who is using entheogens to end their cluster headaches(because no prescription medication exists to do so, but entheogens stop the devastating headaches completely). I support someone who has lived with debilitating migraines most of their life and has tried every known (legal)treatment with no relief, but who is now microdosing psilocybin because the latest research is beginning to find promising results. I've worked with someone healing from an eating disorder who is finding that psilocybin gives them the mental and emotional balance and clarity to face each day with a healthy outlook(research on the use of psilocybin for specifically treating eating disorders is now confirming this as well). I've just begun to work with someone with advanced Parkinsons,who experiences temporary relief from their tremors and a renewed sense of hope with even the smallest microdose of psilocybin. I've lost count of how many people talk to me about the ways different entheogens dramatically improved their anxiety, depression, grief, insomnia, etc...(all of which are part of my personal healing journey too).And, I personally know even more people who have ended and healed from a wide variety of addictions through the use of entheogenic medicines, such as Ayahuasca and Ibogaine. I think that's part of the heart of the issue here.These substances are not drugs.They're medicine.The neurological pathways they work along in the body are completely distinct from those worked by the typical highly addictive street drug or opioid. Entheogenic medicines are non-addictive substances,found in nature,with incredibly healing qualities that were used and manipulated by our federal government many decades ago, leaving them mislabeled by grossly outdated laws. Because of these archaic laws, many doctors,therapists and other clinicians who work with these medicines,do so secretly(under fear of the loss of their license)and cannot speak out publicly about them. This whole, strange situation has led to a growing profession of integration coaches-average people like me,trained by clinicians to go out into their communities, support people legally around these medicines and speak out on ALL of their behalf(clinicians and patients alike). I enjoy supporting people in their healing journeys, so I find it to be a rewarding profession. However, I can't help but think, on a regular basis,that this entire situation (clinicians being unable to provide healing medicine they wish they could, people suffering with ailments they're treating themselves for, and someone like me in the middle)is skewed because outdated and archaic laws continue to stand in the way. On my own time, I sit on every online professional conference on psychedelic medicine I can find, I follow every new clinical trial (and there are many). I listen to panel discussions and pay for classes. I study with therapists, physicians, neuroscientists and pharmacists who are courageous enough to speak out and teach-because the healing results are being replicated again and again. However, at every step along the way still looms the fact that people are not legally free to talk to ask for these medicines,to take these medicines, to get all of the information they need about these medicines,to regularly&safely seek out these medicines,to safely possess these medicines and to share these medicines with each other. You serve the people.The people are asking you to consider a simple request. Make this issue and the signing of our proclamation our prosecuting attorney a priority. I don't know what else I can say to make it clear just how high a priority this is, other than to say that the current laws keep more voices than you may realize gagged and quieted who wish they could speak out. If you could hear them all,you would not hesitate. Jennifer Rotermund Gaiaceous Gardens Mystical Forest Permaculture 1 206.417.1091 PO Box 936, Port Townsend WA 98368 www.gaiaceousgardens.com 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 11:09 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: 2021 Jefferson County Community Leadership Awardees are . . . . From: Jefferson County Chamber of Commerce Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 11:09:05 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: 2021 Jefferson County Community Leadership Awardees are . . . . CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. A www.jeffcountychamber.org 360.385.7869 0 F J F F F m R S mber Cha0 P� C 0 lJ T Y director@jeffcountychamber.org buddingbusiness,budding community Jefferson County Community Leadership Awards 2021 Awardees P?- ♦3r'h.; ...^�. `�',, � '"� ,�'f�-i 'N �„ .. 7 .:�„:„ate&1 r lb s 1N 6,. Ben Bauermeister Carol Hasse Business Leader of the Year Citizen of the Year 1 ..;,. I (' ' 1 , V ' " ",;:1 ;"tIr 47t- 4 144— Ar Young Professional Rising Entrepreneur David Griswold Future Business Leader Taylor Webster Nathaniel Ashford Thank you to the citizens of Jefferson County for your investment of time and consideration in your wonderful nominations and your hearts in our past,present and future.A special thank you to our event sponsors and presenters who made ittoyou all.possible to honor these Awardees and all the nominees, congratulations Thank you for all you do for our community and each other. o 1 , Platinum Partners SOUND COLDWELL COMMUNITY BANK BANKER Simply better here Mr ItichardTuckir BEST HOMES poRT OF7--"\11,.. • s t. i PORT TOWNSEND --„„.---.„ 0 I Gold Partners 3newameri9(in 1 s-r SFCt RITY R.\ ,V. PORT TOWNSEND WA I '0 Silver Partners ,,,,...4 •z •,. 0 'z'.', 0. , 4.:.r.. ...1 :: ,i, i ,,„,, ..., ,., 0 ,, ,, . -1111 l''' FABER FEINSON 1'LLC ‘6.4LA Business GUIDES AraMMI,A1 LAP 04111.,\PenhatML.MAISP.0.41Sorvium To learn more about these Awardees, all finalists and sponsors just CLICK HERE! Your Ad could be reaching this large audience at no cost to you!Just ask us! The Chamber is investing in our Community& YOUR business. The Chamber of Jefferson County 2 Jefferson County Chamber of Commerce 12409 Jefferson Street, Port Townsend, WA 98368 Unsubscribe kdean@co.jefferson.wa.us Update Profile I Constant Contact Data Notice Sent by director@jeffcountychamber.org powered by G Constant Contact Try email marketing for free today! 3 jeffbocc From: Washington State Department of Transportation <wsdot@service.govdelivery.com> Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 12:14 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: WSDOT Travel Advisory: Forks: US 101 Bear Creek Bridge construction requires temporary traffic signal CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. 111 Washington State Department of Transportation Olympic Region— PO Box 47440—Olympia,WA 98504-7440—360-357-2600 TRAVEL ADVISORY May 18, 2021 Contact: Tina Werner, communications, 360-704-3270 Forks: US 101 Bear Creek Bridge construction requires temporary traffic signal FORKS—Travelers who use the US 101 Bear Creek Bridge in Clallam County will notice an around-the-clock traffic signal near milepost 206. The temporary signal will allow contractor crews working for the Washington State Department of Transportation to make repairs to the bridge's driving surface. Travelers will temporarily alternate across the bridge until further notice. The deck repair work is located just east of State Route 113 and is expected to wrap up by mid- June. This surface repair is part of an overall project to chip seal more than 60-miles of US 101 and SR 19 across the Olympic Peninsula. The project, which kicked off earlier this month, includes repairs to six bridges including the Bear Creek Bridge. Most work associated with the chip seal project will wrap up by fall. 1 Travelers are encouraged to slow down in work zones and lookout for crew members conducting important maintenance and preservation activities. Olympic Peninsula travelers are encouraged to sign up for email updates. Real-time traffic information is available on the WSDOT app and WSDOT regional Twitter account. Hyperlink within the release: • Chip seal: www.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/us101/clallamjefferson-mason-counties/home • Email updates: www.public.govdelivery.com/accounts/WADOT/subscriber/new?topic id=WADOT 542 • WSDOT app: www.wsdot.wa.gov/travel/know-before-you-go/mobile-app • WSDOT regional Twitter feed: twitter.com/wsdot tacoma ### WSDOT keeps people, businesses and the economy moving by operating and improving the state's transportation systems. To learn more about what we're doing, go to www.wsdot.wa.gov/news for pictures, videos, news and blogs. Real time traffic information is available at wsdot.com/traffic or by dialing 511. STAY CONNECTED: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: Manage Preferences I Unsubscribe I Help This email was sent to jeffbocc@co.jefferson.wa.us using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of: Washington State Department of Transportation 310 Maple Park Ave SE • Olympia, WA 98504 2 jeffbocc From: WALEG Meeting Schedule Update <Committees@updates.leg.wa.gov> Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 12:23 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: Media Advisory -Washington State Redistricting Public Outreach Meeting for Residents of the 6th Congressional District CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. 44M11,, moat it ashm • ton State 1 1 RedistrictingCommission Media Advisory - May 18 The Washington State Redistricting Commission will begin holding public outreach meetings regarding the drafting of new congressional and legislative district maps. What: Public Outreach Meeting - Congressional District#6 Who: Washington State Redistricting Commission Why: To solicit public input on the drawing of new congressional and state legislative district maps When: May 24, 2021 7:00pm - 9:00pm Where: Zoom Webinar, TVW, & YouTube How: To contribute in the meeting, you will need to register as a participant If you do not register, you will not be allowed to contribute during the meeting Media Contact: Jamie Nixon - Communications Director- (360) 742-2854 You can watch the meetings live at TVW (for English and Spanish broadcasts) or the Commission's YouTube page for broadcasts in English with American Sign Language interpretation. Esta reunion tambien se retransmitira en un canal de TVW en espaliol. The Commission will endeavor to accommodate language interpretation requests if received by Friday, May 21 at 12pm. Please email your request to WSRCSharedredistricting.wa.gov. For those wishing to comment during the public comment portion of the meeting, please register here by Monday, May 24 at 12pm: If you do not register by this time, you will not be allowed to comment during the meeting Those who have registered will be emailed a link to the meeting. Each link is unique to the registrant. You can find more information about the Washington State Redistricting Commission at our website. You can watch our meetings live and recorded on TVW or YouTube. Find us on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Sign up here to receive press releases and media advisories. SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: Manage Subscriptions I Subscriber Help This email was sent to jeffbocc@co Jefferson wa us using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of:Washington State Legislature 106 11th Ave SW,Suite 2400,Olympia,WA 98501 1-360-786-7000 gOVDEUVERYP 2 jeffbocc From: WALEG Meeting Schedule Update <Committees@updates.leg.wa.gov> Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 12:35 PM To: jeffbocc Subject: CORRECTED LINKS - Media Advisory -Washington State Redistricting Public Outreach Meeting for Residents of the 6th Congressional District CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. \ I as in ashin : ton Redistricting , „ Media Advisory - May 18 The Washington State Redistricting Commission will begin holding public outreach meetings regarding the drafting of new congressional and legislative district maps. What: Public Outreach Meeting - Congressional District#6 Who: Washington State Redistricting Commission Why: To solicit public input on the drawing of new congressional and state legislative district maps When: May 24, 2021 7:00pm - 9:00pm Where: Zoom Webinar, TVW, & YouTube How: To contribute in the meeting, you will need to register as a participant If you do not register, you will not be allowed to contribute during the meeting Media Contact: Jamie Nixon - Communications Director - (360) 742-2854 i You can watch the meetings live at TVW (for English and Spanish broadcasts) or the Commission's YouTube page for broadcasts in English with American Sign Language interpretation. Esta reunion tambien se retransmitira en un canal de TVW en espanol. The Commission will endeavor to accommodate language interpretation requests if received by Friday, May 21 at 12pm. Please email your request to WSRCSharedCa�redistricting.wa.gov. For those wishing to comment during the public comment portion of the meeting, please register here by Monday, May 24 at 12pm: If you do not register by this time, you will not be allowed to comment during the meeting Those who have registered will be emailed a link to the meeting. Each link is unique to the registrant. You can find more information about the Washington State Redistricting Commission at our website. You can watch our meetings live and recorded on TVW or YouTube. Find us on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Sign up here to receive press releases and media advisories. SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: Manage Subscriptions I Subscriber Help This email was sent to jeffbocc@co.jefferson.wa.us using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of:Washington State Legislature 106 11th Ave.SW,Suite 2400,Olympia,WA 98501 1-360-786-7000 l 2 jeffbocc From: Cyndy Bratz <cyndy.bratz@gmail.com> Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 3:03 PM To: exchanges@dnr.wa.gov Cc: jeffbocc Subject: Dabob Bay CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Greetings DNR staff I am writing in support of DNR's proposed protection of state forest lands within the Dabob Bay Natural Area boundaries. I request that School Trust parcels CS 6, 7, 11, 12 and 13 on the Toandos Peninsula NOT be included in the exchange as these involve globally rare forest types that DNR is obligated to protect and which are proposed for conservation. This forest of mature large trees still has many years to go before it's annual carbon sequestration reaches its maximum. This forest type (mature large trees) sequesters more carbon per acre than any other forest type (especially tree plantations which don't allow trees to achieve this age, don't have the species diversity and don't allow for optimal carbon sequestration in soils). Please maintain this rare older forest intact. The Toandos Heritage Forests have huge public assets which need to remain in place. These include their ability to support high species diversity, carbon sequestration, ability to resist wildfire, water quality protection (capturing stormwater, reducing and delaying runoff), protection of treaty-reserved resources for the Port Gamble Sklallam, Jamestown Sklallam, Lower Elwah Sklallam and Skokomish Tribes. The last and largest public asset these forests maintain is their heart-felt beauty, the pleasure and wonder a person experiences in walking through these woods. Please maintain these forest in place long-term. -Cyndy Bratz, Port Townsend WA 1 jeffbocc From: Mylo Curtis <myloec@gmail.com> Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 3:08 PM To: exchanges@dnr.wa.gov Cc: jeffbocc Subject: Dabob Bay forests CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. To DNR staff I am writing in support of DNR's proposed protection of state forest lands within the Dabob Bay Natural Area boundaries. I request that School Trust parcels CS 6,7, 11, 12 and 13 on the Toandos Peninsula NOT be included in the exchange as these involve globally rare forest types that DNR is obligated to protect and which are proposed for conservation. This forest of mature large trees sequesters alot of carbon dioxide each year-more CO2 per acre than any other forest type (especially tree plantations which don't allow trees to achieve this age, don't have the species diversity and don't allow for optimal carbon sequestration in soils). Please maintain this rare older forest intact. The Toandos Heritage Forests have huge public assets which need to remain in place. These include their ability to support large species diversity, carbon sequestration, ability to resist wildfire, water quality protection (capturing stormwater, reducing and delaying runoff), protection of treaty-reserved resources for the Port Gamble Sklallam, Jamestown Sklallam, Lower Elwah Sklallam and Skokomish Tribes. The last and largest public asset these forests maintain is experiencing the beauty and pleasure of walking through these woods. Please maintain these forest in place long-term. Mylo Curtis, Port Townsend WA 1 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 3:31 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: HCCC Board Meeting 19 May 2021 -Agenda with links attached (updated with links to financial reports) Attachments: Agenda - DRAFT HCCC Board Regular Meeting Agenda 2021 May 19 with links.docx From: Jennifer Poole Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 3:29:52 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Charlotte Garrido; Dave Herrera; Dave Ward; Edward Wolfe; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Jeromy Sullivan; Joseph Pavel; Kate Dean; Kevin Shutty; Paul McCollum; Randy Neatherlin; Robert Gelder; Scott Brewer; Sharon Trask, Mason County Commissioner Cc: Diane Zoren; Gretchen Dunmire; Julie Shannon; Kaitlyn Floyd Subject: HCCC Board Meeting 19 May 2021 - Agenda with links attached (updated with links to financial reports) CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Good afternoon - Attached as a Word document is the Draft Agenda for May 19 with links, now including the financial reports for March, April and Total Funds Life to Date. (Consent Items 2, 3 and 4.) Kind regards, Jennifer Jennifer Poole I Administrative Manager Hood Canal Coordinating Council I HCCC.wa.gov I OurHoodCanal.org 17791 Fjord Drive NE,Suite 118, Poulsbo,WA 98370 360-900-9063 I ipoole@hccc.wa.gov Note:All emails may be subject to public disclosure. Forwarded message From:Jennifer Poole<ipoole@hccc.wa.gov> Date:Thu, May 13, 2021 at 1:43 PM Subject: HCCC Board Meeting 19 May 2021-Agenda with links attached To the HCCC Board of Directors The next regular meeting of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council Board of Directors is scheduled for Wednesday, May 19,2021 at 1:00 p.m. Pacific via Zoom video/teleconference. The Draft Agenda with embedded links to all available materials is attached. Financial reports will be uploaded here (in our May 19 materials folder), and also sent to you by email link early next week. To Join the Zoom Meeting on May 19: https://zoom.us/i/93581727878 Meeting ID: 935 8172 7878 1 Passcode:279429 Dial by your location (253) 215 8782 Thank you, Jennifer Jennifer Poole I Administrative Manager Hood Canal Coordinating Council I HCCC.wa.gov I OurHoodCanal.org 17791 Fjord Drive NE,Suite 118, Poulsbo,WA 98370 360-900-9063 I ipoole@hccc.wa.gov Note:All emails may be subject to public disclosure. 2 cP°�hvh s Hood Canal Coordinating Council Jefferson,Kitsap&Mason Counties;Port Gamble S'Klallam&Skokomish Tribes FS1 1985 Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors — Draft Agenda 19 May 2021; 1:00 PM to 1:35 PM (all topic times are approximate) By Zoom.com Video/Teleconference Join Zoom Meeting https://zoom.us/i/93581727878 Meeting ID: 935 8172 7878 Passcode: 279429 Dial by your location (253) 215 8782 US (Tacoma) 1:00 PM Call to Order, Introductions, Approval of Meeting Agenda David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair 1:05 PM Public Comment (please limit time to approximately 3 min. per person) David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair 1:10 PM Consent Items All matters listed under Consent Items have been distributed to each member of the Board for reading and study, are considered to be routine, and will be enacted by one motion of the Board with no separate discussion. If a separate discussion is desired, that item may be removed from the Consent Items and placed as an additional topic by request. 1. Draft Board Meeting Summary March 17, 2021 2. Cash Disbursements Journal March 1-31, 2021 3. Cash Disbursements Journal April 1-30, 2021 4. Total Funds Life to Date as of April 30, 2021 5. HCCC draft annual charitable organization renewal with the Washington Secretary of State confirming that, "The organization's governing body or committee has reviewed and accepted the financial information provided where applicable." The renewal will be filed online with a Board officer's approval at the time of filing to allow the HCCC Administrative Manager to execute the filing on the officer's behalf. HCCC Board outcome: Motion to approve consent items. 1:15 PM Executive Director Updates HCCC Staff on behalf of Scott Brewer, Executive Director 1. Delegation of Authority. Notification to Board of Directors of Executive Director's Delegation to Authorize Disbursement or Commit Funds for the Council was distributed to the Board on May 6, 2021. A fully executed copy is included with the May Board meeting materials for reference. HCCC Board of Directors Meeting Agenda 1 2. Office Leases. HCCC renewed its Office Leases at the Liberty Bay Marina in Poulsbo for another year, effective July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. 3. Puget Sound Partnership Ecosystem Coordination Board Representative updates. 4. Grant Progress Reports (2021 Q1): a. Local Integrating Organization b. Summer Chum Issues Assessment c. Landscape Assessment & Prioritization Tool Phase 2 d. Hood Canal Shellfish Initiative e. Hood Canal Regional Pollution Identification and Correction Program Phase 4. HCCC Board outcome: The Board has been updated on the key topics. 1:25 PM Local Government Investment Program (LGIP) Resolution Terry Fischer, HCCC Accountant 1. HCCC has prepared the authorization form to set up an account with the Local Government Investment Program offered through the State of Washington, including online access for contributions and withdrawals by HCCC Executive Director, Scott Brewer, and HCCC Accountant, Terry Fischer. 2. To proceed with opening the account, the HCCC Board will need to approve the Resolution Authorizing Investment of Hood Canal Coordinating Council Monies in the Local Government Investment Pool (LGIP). The HCCC Board has been provided with the LGIP Money Market Fund Prospectus dated August 2016. 3. Discuss the proposed Resolution. 4. Next steps: If approved, the Resolution will be circulated for signature, the authorization form will be signed and notarized, and the fully executed documents will be submitted to open the LGIP account. HCCC Board outcome: Motion to approve the Resolution Authorizing Investment of Hood Canal Coordinating Council Monies in the Local Government Investment Pool (LGIP). 1:30 PM Public Comment and Hood Canal Happenings David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair 1:35 PM Adjournment and Next Meeting David Herrera, HCCC Vice Chair Next meeting: Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors and Citizens' Committee Meeting is 16 June 2021 (1:00 to 4:00 p.m.) via Zoom.com teleconference. For more information about this meeting contact Jennifer Poole at 360-900-9063 jpoole@hccc.wa.gov. Visit www.hccc.wa.gov for more information about our Mission, Vision, Core Values, Board Members, Events, News and documents Library. HCCC Board of Directors Meeting Agenda 2 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 3:46 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: County News Now— May 18, 2021 From: NACo County News Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 3:45:20 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: County News Now— May 18, 2021 CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Having trouble viewing this email? Click Here CN NOW NATIONAL ASSOCIATION efCOUNTIES 000 ° CountyNews May 18, 2021 ", 7, 6*- "*"' " ' ' rainreir k .c, y � M, �::k �.S�n ate::::,saY��� r ` Oklahoma counties get crucial new budgeting tool 1 After years of performing some financial gymnastics, Oklahoma's counties will soon be able to build rainy-day funds. READ MORE u- ;..- Water treatment, pipelines, and email.... Oh oimmeminnia my! The Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack is keeping ito cybersecurity at top of many minds. Read more 7 County clerk applies the arts to public service kilv I A county clerk who moonlights as a trumpeter developed the 11" "County Clerk's Spotlight on the Arts" program to show , u�: .• ~ students throughout the county the connection between the { ` ` �� '"' 4 , arts and public service. N, Read more MORE COUNTY NEWS Legislative Updates CMS publishes rule on COVID-19 vaccine requirements for long-term care facility residents and staff ° Long-term care facilities must now offer the COVID-19 vaccine 11(2:1741pf to residents and staff members,educate these individuals on n the benefits and possible side effects of the vaccine and report �' � �y ,u vaccination status of residents and staff to the CDC. Read more 2 Treasury to issue expanded Child Tax Credit payments beginning in July 2021 ' e The IRS estimates that payments will be automatically made to "„per nearly 39 million households,which include 88 percent of a a children in the United States. ' 144 Read more Y FCC releases funding, starts broadband benefit x hJc program to aid schools, libraries, rural and low- � ,� ( income residents Emergency Broadband Benefit and Emergency • Connectivity Fund programs were established under the two most recent federal COVID-19 relief packages and aim to provide new technology and broadband internet access to low-income households and libraries and schools in rural or low-income areas. Read more I VA seeks local leadership nominations to Sexual Harassment Working Group [ The VA is seeking to add representatives from Veteran Service p'fi.;. Organizations and state, local and tribal veterans agencies. TARS Read more VETERANS is :1 FDA amends Pfizer vaccine authorization to ° k '''' include ages 12-15 Pfizer's phase 3 trial showed 100 percent efficacy at •K+ preventing COVID-19 in children aged 12-15. Read more 3 Biden administration appeals ruling against CDC eviction moratorium x Though a federal judge's ruling does not affect state or local -A eviction moratoriums,the final ruling could still affect counties. Read more MORE NEWS The Latest From NACo Member Profile: Chair Phyllis Randall, Loudoun County,Va. NACo is highlighting members of its Economic Mobility Leadership Network of county leaders working to improve economic outcomes for their residents and sharing strategies and solutions in a peer learning setting. In case you missed it— new report In partnership with the ECMC Foundation, NACo published the Counties At Work: Counties Support Post-Secondary Education and Workforce Opportunities For Residents report exploring county partnerships with post-secondary education systems and sharing key findings from its national landscape analysis. NACo also released a set of case studies sharing county examples and best practices in creating cross-sector partnerships to improve educational and employment outcomes for residents. The report and case studies are available here. Request for Proposals: In Our Backyards Community Grant The Vera Institute's In Our Backyards initiative seeks to end mass criminalization and reverse mass incarceration. This year, Vera is awarding In Our Backyards Community Grants to community-based and/or statewide organizations committed to reducing incarceration and resisting jail expansion in small and rural communities. Applicants are eligible to apply for up to $20,000 to support work over a 10-month period (August 1, 2021—June 15, 2022). NACo Liquidity Resource for Maximization of All Cash Do you have a strategy for your ARP funds? Our partners at cashVest® by three+one® are providing your peer's necessary liquidity data to maximize the value of every taxpayer dollar and formulate a strategy for their ARP funds over the next 44 months. Because three+one is neither a bank nor Registered Investment Advisor,their independent perspective is certifying counties' liquidity positions and uncovering new value and savings opportunities to benefit your taxpayers. Learn more. 4 „ ��_ . ray '' f `0 � , a-.:a .” :,- ,� ! �- lr` a au' " � 1 r�, 44744441ct ` "r �� tti 'r4. ,m �- r� �. u r � pt a � '� �`���' 'i �"�'� ' ,�-� „ '�"-": 1 4t44444"i;"44;:i;444''l; :',4 4i; 41,-;,,,',4,4444;i;41',''',';',',!i„at 1 Iss."1"11 .'' 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Click here to unsubscribe. 6 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:30 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:Transit From: Rebecca Kimball Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:29:34 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Cc: Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; David Faber; Ariel Speser Subject: Transit CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Hi All, Thanks again for welcoming our input at the TAB meeting today. I particularly liked Kate's comment regarding being aspirational. My father often told me " If you want a puppy, ask for a pony", so why not plan big. I meant to add a comment regarding how to discover why people don't use transit. I think it would be a great idea to copy what PT Parks and Recreation did in 2019, as it updated it's long range plan, and get out into the community. By having tables all over the city, staffed by volunteers,they were able to get people to complete about a 1000 surveys. I have already spoken to a few folks who would volunteer, including Deb Jahnke (who was part of the Parks and Rec effort). Creating the survey could also be accomplished by volunteers.We might get more insight into how to incentivise folks to get on the bus. Best, Becci 1 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:22 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Please join us tomorrow when we welcome Terry Ward, Sound Publishing From: director@forkswa.com Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:19:48 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Please join us tomorrow when we welcome Terry Ward, Sound Publishing CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Kate Dean , We are very happy to welcome Terry Ward, Regional Publisher and Vice President, Sound Publishing as our featured speaker at the weekly meeting, Wednesday, May 19th.The Forks Forum is one of the success stories of 2020 and appreciate all the work Terry and Christi did to keep it alive! There will be a lunch special or you can order off the menu. Our meetings take place at Blakeslee's Bar & Grill, 1222 S. Forks Avenue, noon — 1pm and are open to the public and all are welcome to attend. We will not have a Zoom or call-in option to the meeting due to limited internet at the venue. Upcoming Programs May 19—Terry Ward, Regional Publisher and Vice President, Sound Publishing May 26—Melanie Koskela, Administrative Clinic Manager and Lucritia Stansbury, RN Clinic Manager—All three FCH Clinics WE WANT TO DO YOUR RIBBON CUTTING CEREMONY! Would you like to celebrate your new business, grand opening, re-opening, addition, or a special unveiling with a ribbon cutting ceremony? We would love to provide that service to you! Simply contact me and we will put it on the calendar. Ribbon Cutting Ceremonies make great acknowledgements for business milestones! HALL OF MOSSES TRAILWORK AT THE HOH RAIN FOREST Trail Closures for Hall of Mosses Trail Work from https://www.nps.gov/olym/planyourvisit/conditions.htm#onthisPage-10 The Hall of Mosses Trail will be closed during the scheduled dates listed in the table below. The work is anticipated to be complete by June 17. This project will repair sections of poor trail tread and improve drainage. Please expect noise and work activity on the Mini Loop Trail during workdays as the trail crew will be using power carriers to transport gravel and work materials. The Mini Loop Trail, Spruce Nature Trail and Hoh River Trail will remain open during this trail project. Check back for updates. i May 12- May 19 May 20- May 25 May 26-June 2 June 3 -June 8 June 9 -June 16 Planned for June 17 Check back for updates on project completion FORKS OLD FASHIONED 4T" OF DULY—SAVE THE DATE Our annual 4th celebration planning is well underway, and we can't wait to release the schedule in early June. Many of our traditional activities will take place! Keep up with the events at https://forkswa.com/event/forks- old-fashioned-4th-of-Iuly/ - f:',iiiiiiirta ri;:f.t 1 tr-0)....Z'l410:..1. SS 9��e^ I + e. k.. .',i.l.it,*.!!'"7. ;,'-''g ria,Ye;4 lilli ii v1.1„.1„.'..k.:eiro. iii t 1 rob. W �,,,,„„„..,,,,„„,,,,„„,„,„ _�. : ` .,;»`max.;,..x .. `i, 410.,?.- ki-,:i;;i'' .,,„ -it,,,z„ w Win._ ,::lp-iiiii",. , s .ro ti ^y. r yg _::. 'xF:a"ay.::x.. -`' `� M �y�ck5i::`� wr, .., 3'k Ry�. - s >:. •„'ki, ,, Li 7, " ,„.. t t,„ft - lit d� . . ®'.t �a ' � '� ram) r gal , a u<<y A t, ,« Igii ,s. :A# ' .4tt fs''"q „""' ,lik,K ' p '-; :-. ', . ",,,"",g4,-L-11,:-.,1 ,., . • 1... .L.:...noti,e1,- ;.- .:.....,:•i-Atiii t:'''-, ' 1 ,4 , ' „l:4- ::4, --- ' i '47,” —t 441. tts -4 nip,, -4, 4 _07, ..•:,„,„„t 17",-AL c. w. x 3.. FROM CLALIAM EDC Are you trying to hire? 2 Join us Monday Morning at 8am to hear from Mike Robinson and Brandino Gibson, the Administrator and Supervisors of WorkSource for the 3 County region of Clallam, Jefferson & Kitsap: • How many job openings are there today relative to prior years? • How many people are on unemployment in Clallam County? • What are the factors preventing people from applying for jobs? • How can we target people who are looking for jobs? Please join us: https://us02web.zoom.us/i/89474510306?pwd=VIIrRHh5RG1nYVh3V3JXRzFSMmRodz09 Meeting ID: 894 7451 0306 Passcode: 187447 One tap mobile +12532158782„89474510306#,,,,*187447# US (Tacoma) Dial by your location +1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma) Meeting ID: 894 7451 0306 Passcode: 187447 Upcoming Guests: June 2 - Child Care Update June9 - DNR Commissioner Hillary Franz I dill.''. li, .cu"�''!'ry n11� �i Il��lwa �til ry��IWi Ipi di"i'I 711� ;iilillilllr ��'e; 'lll'�i, �Illplis: II(i ('fir, iBPr p�llll�l' I',y„`��Nlli ���",7 niN�N��r; ��NVGw, N!r��: Y'�F I��,ks, i i (ui'on,; Restaurant Revitalization Fund OIL lit liP sba.govirestaurants 3 Don't WAIT!The Restaurant Revitalization Fund Portal is now open and it is the most Generous of Any COVID Program: SBA has received over$65 Billion in requests and there are only$28.6 Billion in funding available so DO NOT WAIT! Do you or someone you know own a Restaurant, Bar, Winery or catering company?The Restaurant Revitalization Fund will cover up to $5M of lost revenue. The SBA is accepting applications via this >>application portal Recipients are not required to repay the funding as long as funds are used for eligible uses no later than March 11, 2023. This program will provide restaurants with funding equal to their pandemic-related revenue loss up to $5 million per physical location. Who can apply Eligible entities who have experienced pandemic-related revenue loss include: • Restaurants • Food stands, food trucks, food carts • Caterers • Bars, saloons, lounges,taverns • Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars • For the following entities onsite sales to the public must comprise at least 33%of gross receipts • Bakeries • Brewpubs,tasting rooms, taprooms • Breweries and/or microbreweries • Wineries and distilleries • Inns • Licensed facilities or premises of a beverage alcohol producer where the public may taste, sample, or purchase products Download the RRF Guide Here. Are You Involved in a Nonprofit that supports the Arts, Culture, Science or whose primary mission is to serve veterans, neighborhood orgs and sports and rec programs? If so, the $10 million Nonprofit Community Relief grant program is open now for you to apply! Eligibility: • Must have 501(c)(3) status, or fiscal sponsorship by a 501(c)(3). • Must have operating budgets of at least $25,000. Full details and Frequently Asked Questions are available here. 4 The Nonprofit Community Relief grant application portal is open now at www.artsfund.org/ncrgrants. It is strongly recommended that interested organizations explore the website early to determine their eligibility and review application requirements and FAQs. Organizations that are led by and/or serve under-resourced communities, culturally diverse populations and underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply. Informational Webinar Today! An online information session will be held today May 11, 2021 from 2-3:00 p.m.. To attend the webinar, please register via this link. This webinar will be recorded and include automatically generated subtitles. ASL interpretation will be provided. The application portal will close May 24 and grants are expected to be awarded in early to mid-June. i,iii I ,yipmu 1VNII'p,i, J�,@�, I�R�NOIVI!gVua; r� �"r�r�d', r �I�hlllp w: ��+ui9oNli aill�llq ;;,,i, �,,;d;ia'I� � 0ill�illl!t'mi!Working Washington 4 Grant winners have been notified by email: 11,697 businesses across the state received their award notification by email today. The grant amounts ranged from $12K to $30K minus any prior amount received through a Working Washington grant. Funds will be processed and received within 3 business days (and even sooner for most). FAQs for awardees can be found here: https://commercegrants.com/grant-4/award-recipient-fags/. Denial notifications were also emailed. Of those denials, 190 businesses qualified for this program will be receiving a larger grant through the Washington State Dept of Agriculture's program than they would have qualified for through WWR4 and will be receiving an email from them soon. The Dept of Commerce has a technical support center for applicants calling with questions until June 30th. They can be reached at: commercegrants@submittable.com or (855) 602-2722. 5 Funding still available for new or increased Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL): Whether you have an existing COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) and want to apply for an increase; or are interested in applying for an initial COVID-19 EIDL, funding is available for loans up to $500,000. For more information on eligibility, use of proceeds, and loan terms, visit the SBA website. Details on EIDL al la �!uul„� 'lry (G,� " .,Iplllgl° IE���.�r `ti r, ���, � , '� !�ulli" (Illllllgl� I.161�IIp9 ! W!�"���idlll� GI�I�Ia,I�IIIIUIIII�hI�I,J INI � I�III I til '� IIIUu� II, Clallam County remains a HUBZone through Dec 31, 2021: The SBA issued a direct final rule extending the HUBZone map freeze from December 31, 2021, to June 30, 2023. The direct final rule (available here) takes effect on June 21, 2021. This is the latest in a series of developments for the HUBZone Program in 2021. Background: Several years ago, SBA froze the HUBZone maps until December 31, 2021, to ensure that firms would have enough time to plan after seeing how the results of the 2020 Census would impact the HUBZone maps. However, due to the pandemic,the 2020 Census results are behind schedule and SBA does not expect to have the data it needs until December 2022. Therefore, to ensure HUBZone firms have enough time to plan around the new HUBZone maps based on the 2020 Census data, SBA's direct final rule will keep the HUBZone maps "on ice" until June 30, 2023. Pushing back the anticipated "thaw" for another 1.5 years will give SBA time to incorporate the 2020 Census data into the HUBZone maps and then provide adequate notice to the HUBZone small business community. SBA's direct final rule is a welcome change for many HUBZone firms that were facing the loss of their HUBZone status at the end of this year. It is also possible that, once the HUBZone maps are updated to reflect the 2020 Census data, some areas that are currently in redesignated status could come back into the HUBZone program by the time the HUBZone maps unfreeze after June 30, 2023. r��C I�i l ��I�h ����?.0 i�il�i �!L�,: p��l' a ��,���� ��4�� I - ,I11lli ���, ,, � ���G .i y,,w•',i(>1����1�� �IlII��II� ��;ji elf NI�,��U =��D� oi��'� P�h�P dl4�s Census Data Summit Schedule: May 20th, 11am Data about Race, Ethnicity and Ancestry Register Here August 10th, 11am Census Bureau Data for Migrant Workers Register Here 6 Save the Date: Future Data Summits May 5: Statistics in Schools (second offering) June 8: Data about Food Security June 22: Census Data for Asian/NHPI Populations June 24: Census Data for the LGBTQ Community July 13: Census Data about Persons with Disabilities and Aging Populations July 20: Accessing Community Health Needs Data for Health Care Professionals July 22: Early Childhood Census Data Sources July 29: Census Bureau Data for Emergency Management WEST END BUSINESS & PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION (WEBPA) WEBPA meetings resumed in person on March 24th at the Congregational Church, 7:30am. Dues are only$10 for an individual, and $25 for a business. WEBPA is a wonderful non-profit organization that provides business networking, and through fundraising, keep our lovely town decorated for Christmas! For more information, please contact Christi Baron 360-374-3311 or cbaron@forksforum.com CHAMBER RENEWALS for 2021 were due on January 31sY. We are in the process of delivering/mailing the certificates. Please let us know if you do not receive yours. If you have not paid we have a grace period so do not worry! Please feel free to contact me with questions. We accept cash, check and credit cards (we can take your card over the phone, or send you a PayPal invoice). We appreciate your continued support! Cfuzm& JVew- FORKS VISITOR INFORMATION CENTER(VIC) Our lobby is open for business! Our hours are Monday through Saturday 10 am —5 pm and Sunday 11 am —4 pm. FOREVER TWILIGHT IN FORKS COLLECTION We will be opening for the summer season on May 20t"Thursday through Monday Noon —4pm. Please see link for more details. FORKS CHAMBER STAFF DIRECTORY Lissy Andros, executive director Gay Bunnell, Forever Twilight in Forks Collection and VIC staff member. Gay is our lead staff member at the Collection, including maintaining the records for the exhibits. She is in charge of procuring our brochures, maps, and information for the VIC. 7 Kari Larson, VIC staff member and assistant to the E.D. Kari handles all of our visitor correspondence and administrative duties for the Chamber, and the online store. She is also in charge of ordering our merchandise and sending out visitor packets. Bella Britt, Emery Damron, Samantha Baldwin VIC staff members. Susie Michels, IT Manager. Susie runs our website and handles all technical issues. PPP, EIDL and Pandemic Unemployment Assistance Best regards, Lissy Andros, Executive Director Forks Chamber of Commerce 1411 S. Forks Avenue Forks, WA 98331 360-374-2531 office 903-360-4449 cell 8 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:19 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:JTA Special Meeting: Local 20/20 TLAB Presentation Attachments: Transit Authority Board Special Meeting Presentation_final.pdf From: Sara J. Peck Sent: Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:18:23 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Ariel Speser; David Faber; Greg Brotherton; Heidi Eisenhour; Kate Dean Cc: Tammi Rubert Subject: JTA Special Meeting: Local 20/20 TLAB Presentation CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Please find attached today's presentation from Local 20/20 TLAB. Kind regards, Sj,Peck/ Executive Assistant/Clerk of the Board Jefferson Transit Authority 63 4 Corners Road,Port Townsend,WA 98368 speck aC�.ieffersontransit.com 1360-385-3020 x 108 1 tr- . 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Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. JEFFERSON - _ --- I RUST Community Update U date ry 1 This aerial view showcases 853-acre Chimacum Ridge Forest with Center Valley in the background. Photo by John Gussman. Great News! The Land Trust's Chimacum Ridge Community Forest Project Will Receive $3 million from New State Program Today, Governor Jay Inslee is expected to sign Washington's 2021-2023 state capital budget. In the budget is $16.3 million for a new Community Forests Program administered by the state's Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO). In 2020, our conservation team applied for a $3 million grant from this new program to help us acquire the 853-acre Chimacum Ridge Forest in 2023 and transform it into a community forest. Our Chimacum Ridge Community Forest project ranked second out of 15 projects statewide, and we recently learned that the funding for the program was approved by both the house and senate. This $3 million grant gives us a strong head start toward our goal of purchasing Chimacum Ridge from current owner EFM by 2023 and turning it into a community forest— a project which the Land Trust has been working on for more than 10 years. Our thanks go to Representatives Mike Chapman and Steve Tharinger and Senator Kevin Van der Wege for their enthusiastic support of this project, and to the 50 community partners who advocated for this project and helped design the Strategic Vision Framework for the forest's future operation. We're also grateful for the many public and private grants and individual donations that have supported the development of this project to date. The level of funding in the new state budget for the Community Forests Program will support our project as well as five other projects in Chelan, Pierce, Klickitat, Kittitas, and Kitsap counties. A big thank you to our governor, senators, and representatives for their vision and the level of support they are providing for this new program. Washington state funding for community forests 2 is twice that of federal funding for community forests during the same timespan; strong evidence of our state's leadership in this area. • Other Forest Happenings Community Forestry in Jefferson County Our Valley View Forest Pilot Over the next few weeks, Jefferson Land Trust will be conducting a selective timber harvest at Valley View Forest, a Land Trust-protected working forest in Chimacum. The 65-acre Valley View Forest is the gateway to what will eventually become the 918-acre Chimacum Ridge Community Forest. This first harvest, conducted according to our management plan, will selectively remove trees in order to prevent disease and improve the remaining trees' health. It will also create the conditions for a healthier understory and diversify the habitat for wildlife. The harvest will generate revenue that supports Valley View Forest itself (creating funding for recreational use such as trails and for habitat enhancement projects), as well as other conservation projects. Nonprofit community forests like Valley View Forest prioritize ecological health while returning benefits to the local community and economy, such as recreation, education, locally sourced wood products, and other related non-timber forest products like cedar bark and cedar tips. 3 ■ Kr14 Connecting Our Nonprofit Partners with Local Wood In this pilot harvest, 16 local nonprofit, education, community, and tribal partners, most of whom participated in planning and visioning for the future Chimacum Ridge Community Forest, are being offered one of the harvested trees free of charge to use in support of their mission. And in addition to being offered a harvested tree, local tribes are also being offered the opportunity to harvest cedar bark — traditionally used for baskets, hats, regalia, and tools. For future community forest harvests, we plan to develop a process for any Jefferson County nonprofit to apply to receive donated timber and/or other harvest products. This process will be led by a community forest board of managers, made up of Land Trust staff and community members who will make collaborative decisions on resource allocation for the community forest. An Opportunity to Purchase Local Wood With the goal of keeping as much of the harvested wood available locally as possible, the wood from this harvest will also be made available to local mills and woodworking collaboratives, and to individual buyers for purchase. Please read the information below to learn how you can purchase wood and share in the bounty of the forest. To purchase milled western redcedar wood for individual use from the Valley View Forest, please contact our Save the Land partner, Cody Wayland, Wayland Constructive, wavlandconstructive(a�gmail.com. 4 Interested in whole-log purchase of western redcedar or other species? Please contact Preserve Manager Carrie Clendaniel at cclendanielAsaveland.orq to discuss your needs. We can help whole-log buyers connect with local sawmills who can provide custom milling; log buyers will be responsible for transportation and processing. Visiting ValleyView Forest Duringthe Harvest Valley View Forest remains open to the public • during the harvest. Visitors are reminded to 4411( •1` remain on the established trails or within the boundaries of the Nature Studies Area to avoid the harvest area, which will be taking place in a different area of the forest. 00 J — o - J Discovering the Forest - Your Peek into Forest Operations As part of its Discovering the Forest virtual learning series, Jefferson Land Trust is offering three online learning segments (see descriptions below)that will provide a behind-the- 5 scenes look at the Valley View harvest, as well as background on community forestry in general. These events are complimentary and open to all. Learn more and sign up to join us here. Pre-Harvest Virtual Learning Session Friday, June 11, 2021 4:00 - 5:00 m P Topics covered: Wildlife tree, leave tree, and harvest tree selection and pre-harvest planning tannin and site prep. During Harvest Virtual Learning Session Friday, June 25, 2021 4:00 - 5:00 pm Topics covered: Harvest equipment, site safety, soil and vegetation considerations, landing site development, trucking, and customer considerations. Post-Harvest Virtual Learning Session October TBD Topics covered: The local wood economy, forest recovery, and next steps. Sign up to receive Discovering the Forest event announcements! Note: If you already signed up for Discovering the Forest this winter, we'll send the announcements to you automatically, so no need to sign up again. 6 ,/ N\J ..., 1 1 1 Suzanne Simard Special Guest at FutureFest We're excited to announce that / ~ guests at our upcoming FutureFest - a t virtual gala on July 8 will have the , - opportunity to hear from Suzanne ' p � hX '�, 6 i ! Ht q •Y Simard, Professor of Forest Ecology �'. ° N at the Universityof British Columbia �'tit �s and the leader of The Mother Tree 'y'1 Project, which researches forest 6 . 44,i';:t:, renewal practices that protect biodiversity against climate change. „ a r Dr. Simard's work has been published widely, with over 170 scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals, including Nature, Ecology, and Global Biology. She is also co-author of the book Climate Change and Variability. Her latest book, Finding the Mother Tree, brings us into the intimate world of trees, exploring the ways in which trees learn and adapt their behaviors, remember the past, demonstrate agency over the future, and cooperate with a sophistication typically ascribed to humans. Dr. Simard's research has been communicated broadly through TED Talks and TED Experiences, as well as articles and interviews in The New Yorker, National Geographic, The Globe and Mail, NPR, CNN, CBC, and many more. For more information on Suzanne Simard, please visit prhspeakers.com. FutureFest tickets go on sale next week. Watch your inbox for the invitation or visit our website at www.saveland.org next week to reserve your spot. Learn more about our collective work toward building a Community Forest: • Our community's vision for Chimacum Ridge Community Forest • Valley View Forest Overview • The Northwest Community Forest Coalition 0 Facebook Instagram O YouTube Website LEI Email 8 Copyright©2021 Jefferson Land Trust, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in via our website. Our mailing address is: Jefferson Land Trust 1033 Lawrence St Port Townsend,WA 98368-6523 Add us to your address book Want to change how you receive these emails? You can update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list. 9 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2021 8:45 AM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW:Join NACo for the Counties at Work Virtual Summit From: NACo Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2021 8:44:35 AM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Kate Dean Subject: Join NACo for the Counties at Work Virtual Summit CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Having trouble viewing this email? Click Here . -,,newa rN� rEF KOKrsw $,Ft' I fi i... 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Ill�ll II�1ry i,,,,,,ir lNFil;! N a. .3 pis .� v iv i. II^ Ny'Na'1�.--y4'�I 1111Ni�'a,,[" II i(Ih lil 4'Po 3 kryli l'!d�lir�111�4 .arm a `r6w14�'3�O�L d�lt��l0,0 p�' ��pp 99 p a ON�N I��IN��1 ialli4l�h iii: a� ei Nam. Counties at Work Virtual Summit I June 10-11 With automation, shifting demographics and the vast impacts of COVID-19 and increased remote work opportunities, America's counties are planning for evolving workforce and industry needs. i Please join the National Association of Counties (NACo) on June 10 and 11 for the Counties at Work Virtual Summit, a free, two-day online event that will feature experts and effective county solutions for many workforce issues. Register today, and stay tuned for more details. The first 100 registrants have an opportunity to receive free event materials via mail. REGISTER TODAY VIEW SCHEDULE SUMMIT S LGLANCE June 10 11:30 a.m. — 12 p.m. EDT Keynote Speaker 1 —2 p.m. EDT County Preparation for the Future of Work 2:15—3 p.m. EDT Higher Education &Workforce: Exploring County Solutions & Partnerships 3:15—4:15 p.m. EDT The Future of Automation in the Workforce June11 11 a.m. —12 p.m. EDT Powering the Future of Work through New Energy Innovation 1—2 p.m. EDT The Federal Landscape for Workforce Legislation 2:30—3:30 p.m. EDT Ensuring Equitable Planning for the Future of Work 2 :., •Y•; .;.: •'..::�s. $. a`a:16.v' yAp>'.''..'. .;; •..Y•°-; .raa.„_ X•,—Wx..3,•:..'X'. h•',3,.•":.: .,•v.: .`••p .... .. �.:`rv..v.•�rv::�.. � „r,... „�. ,<ro.- .......x., `:.:i� 3+<,+a.aa"ad.:,:: 3 ....... 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Click here to unsubscribe. 3 jeffbocc From: WA Wildlife & Recreation Coalition <breakfast@wildliferecreation.org> Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2021 10:59 AM To: jeffbocc Subject: It's time for something new CAUTION:This email originated from outsideyour organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, g especially from unknown senders. Say goodbye to breakfast. It's time to RECREATE. View this email in your browser Save the m gdw HIV "� date! k �� � � ����G � a�a ia" 4-4 dor ����Y '� ,17 Let's.. : F km,„.«tee @pl�ili 2021 Mark your calendars because you're not going to want to miss this! The Washington Wildlife and Recreation Coalition is shaking things up, dusting things off, and getting ready for a brand new event like you've never seen. Last year was a lesson in forced change. We adapted and made the most of what we could. But this year is different. We're hungry for change (and lunch!). We're ready to get back to nature. We cannot wait to see you in person again. We're ready to RECREATE. i SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER Meadowbrook Farm, North Bend It gets better— Meadowbrook Farm just happens to have received funding through the WWRP! We hope you'll join us this fall to learn first hand, just how important these projects are for communities. p We'll share more details as soon as we're able, but are just too excited to keep this a secret any longer. For now, we're keeping our fingers crossed and watching the state guidelines for in-person events. And if you're not able to join us in-person, or if you're not quite ready for shaking hands and getting social, we'll have a special virtual option for you! If you are interested in sponsoring this year's event, email katy@wildliferecreation.org ® Copyright©2021 Washington Wildlife and Recreation Coalition, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you have subscribed to Coalition emails or are a member of one of our partner organizations. Our mailing address is: Washington Wildlife and Recreation Coalition 1402 3rd Ave, Suite 714 Seattle,Wa 98101 Add us to your address book 2 Photo Credit: RCO's PRISM Database Want to change how you receive these emails? You can update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list 3 Julie Shannon From: Kate Dean Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2021 12:06 PM To: Julie Shannon Subject: FW: Glen Cove Community Septic System From: Dick Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2021 12:06:03 PM (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US &Canada) To: Heidi Eisenhour; Greg Brotherton; Kate Dean Cc: Jed Bothell Subject: Glen Cove Community Septic System CAUTION:This email originated from outside your organization. Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders. Dear Commissioners Heidy and Greg and Chair Kate Dean My son Jed and I have a 20+ year old business (Atlas Tech) and property in the Glen Cove Industrial park. We employ 22+ people and manufacture and sell products in the USA and other countries. Our building is located in the Glen Cove Industrial park. The Atlas Septic system has excellent drainage and the system works without problems. Over 50 businesses are located in Glen Cove and all use individual septic systems. However the systems require too much land area. The area is for the septic tank, drain field and set-a-side for future needs. These realities' limits the properties industrial development. We are talking to the city about connecting to the city's sewer system but the city has its own development plan. To added this sewer connection plan will take years. There is another approach; a shared septic system. A community Shared Septic System would reduce the property loss and allow each property to support more jobs. All the Glen Cove properties become connected to a large shared septic system. There are two large vacant lots that could house the complete shared system. Glen Cove industrial properties all drain downhill to the community septic properties. I think GC has a 50+ properties that would connect. There will be a connection fee like a sewer system monthly operation fee. What needed is leadership from the system developer like the Jefferson County. Jeffco would develop and operate the system? I am 80 years old and can help you start the plan and introduce you to other GC people. All the Jefferson County resident will appreciate the Port enabling employment. I invite you to meet me, my son and our business to discuss this in more detail. Richard (Dick) Bothell Atlas Technologies www,AtlasUHV,com 305 Glen Cove Road Port Townsend, WA 98368 Ph: 360-385-3123 Fx: 360-379-5220 1