HomeMy WebLinkAbout054Michelle Farfan
From:
David W. Johnson <dwjohnson@co.jefferson.wa.us>
Sent:
Wednesday, November 16, 201110:14 AM
To:
Garth Mann
Cc:
Don Coleman; peckassoc@comcast.net; Lloyd Skinner; Jeff Caton; Stacie Hoskins; David
W.Johnson
Subject:
RE: GHG and Climate Action Committee draft
Attachments:
Zoe regarding GHG.eml; GHG Guidance_Binder.pdf
Garth,
With regard to the draft GHG report, condition #cc states:
"Statesman Corporation shall collaborate with the Climate Action Committee (CAC) to calculate greenhouse gas
emissions (GHGs) associated with the MPR, and identify techniques to mitigate such emissions through sequestration
and/or other acceptable methods."
As discussed with Zoe Ann in her email of August 5 2010 (attached), the real issue is to calculate the GHG emissions
associated with the MPR and identify techniques to reduce or mitigate them. Since coordination with the CAC is not
necessary, using the attached guidance and emissions worksheet provided by Jeff Caton to calculate or estimate the
carbon footprint (GHG emissions) for each alternative and then listing the measures or techniques to reduce those
footprints is all that is needed. Please identify who authored the report and include references to how the GHG were
calculated. Keep in mind that this report will be scrutinized and therefore must be based on "best available
science" while omitting information that does not support that science.
From: Don Coleman [mailto:don@pleasantharbormarina.com]
Sent: Wednesday, November 09, 2011 7:16 AM
To: David W. Johnson
Cc: 'Garth Mann'; peckassoc@comcast.net
Subject: GHG and Climate Action Committee draft
Hi David Wayne,
Garth asked me to forward the attached draft. This is our initial draft for condition 63(cc). Looking forward to your
comments and to seeing you Thursday.
Thank You,
don
Don Coleman
Pleasant Harbor Marina
Maintenance and Security supervisor
don(@oleasantharbormarina.com
Cell: 206-714-1482
1
Michelle Farfan
From: Zoe Ann Lamp <zlamp@cojefferson.wa.us>
Sent: Thursday, August 05, 2010 3:22 PM
To: David W. Johnson
Cc: VMorrisCS@aol.com; Stacie Hoskins
Subject: Statesman and GHG Calculations and Reduction [RE: Fast Friday]
David,
Statesman has not contacted CAC. That condition was added to the approval at a time when there was no guidance from
the state on how to review GHG and dept. staffing levels were higher. As with the UGA Sewer proposal, this is something
we'll need to discuss with Stacie and Al.
Off the top of my head, there are a couple of options. There may be more.
1) Since I am county staff to the CAC I could work with Statesman and charge my time to the project.
2) However, as I understand it, the real issue is to calculate the GHG emissions associated with the MPR and
reduce them. This doesn't have to be in conjunction with CAC. It was just the best alternative at the time of the
MPR approval. The emissions and reduction could be addressed during SEPA review. Draft SEPA Guidance
and Climate Change documentation can be found at http://www.ecV.wa.gov/programs/sea/sepa/e-review.html.
The draft guidance discusses calculating GHG and reduction methods. It would be addressed in the "Air" section
of the Environmental Checklist.
Sincerely,
Zoe Ann Lamp, AICP
Associate Planner, DRD Lead
Jefferson County Department of Community Development
621 Sheridan Street
Port Townsend, WA 98368
Phone: 360-385-9406
Fax: 360-379-4473
e-mail: zlama co.jefferson.wa.us
All e-mail sent to this address will be received by the Jefferson County e-mail system and may be subject to
Public Disclosure under Chapter 42.56 RCW.
Please note: Our office is open to the public 9:00 a.m. — 4:30 p.m. Monday to Thursday, closed Fridays.
ASAVE PAPER - Please do not print this e-mail unless absolutely necessary.
From: David W. Johnson
Sent: Thursday, August 05, 2010 1:09 PM
To: Zoe Ann Lamp
Cc: 'VMorrisCS@aol.com'; Stacie Hoskins
Subject: RE: Fast Friday
Thanks, Zoe.
By the way, has the CAC been contacted by Statesmen Corp (Pleasant Harbor MPR) regarding the following BoCC
condition?:
Statesman Corporation shall collaborate with the Climate Action Committee (CAC) to calculate greenhouse gas emissions
(GHGs) associated with the MPR, and identify techniques to mitigate such emissions through sequestration and/or other
acceptable methods.
From: Zoe Ann Lamp
Sent: Thursday, August 05, 2010 12:57 PM
To: #Planning Team; Frank Benskin
Subject: Fast Friday
David's done a bang up job taking cases out of the Fast Friday queue. THANK YOU DAVID!
There are only three cases left to take. I reviewed the full queue list this morning and there are no more I can
add today. I'll review the list again on Monday.
So if by some chance we run out of Fast Friday cases and you have time for case review please take them out of
the queue in numerical order and please remember the preapps.
Thanks!
Sincerely,
Zoe Ann Lamp, AICP
Associate Planner, DRD Lead
Jefferson County Department of Community Development
621 Sheridan Street
Port Townsend, WA 98368
Phone: 360-385-9406
Fax: 360-379-4473
e-mail: zlamp(a,co ;jefferson.wa.us
All e-mail sent to this address will be received by the Jefferson County e-mail system and may be subject to
Public Disclosure under Chapter 42.56 RCW.
Please note: Our office is open to the public 9:00 a.m. — 4:30 p.m. Monday to Thursday, closed Fridays.
ASAVE PAPER - Please do not print this e-mail unless absolutely necessary.
Guidance for Ecology
Including Greenhouse Gas Emissions in SEPA Reviews
The purpose of this document is to assist Ecology staff in determining which projects should be evaluated for
greenhouse gas emissions and how to evaluate those emissions under SEPA when Ecology is the lead agency. This
document does not attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of SEPA - see the SEPA Handbook and Ecology's SEPA
Intranet page for more general information about SEPA. This internal guidance is intended to answer specific questions
about including greenhouse gases in a SEPA analysis. It is not an adopted rule and SEPA decisions on whether a project
has significant impacts must still be made on a case-by-case basis. It also is not intended to take the place of the
procedure for considering greenhouse gas emissions already being used by the Nuclear Waste Program for projects at
the Hanford site.
This document will be revised as agency staff recommend improvements and to reflect any relevant decisions by the
Shorelines Hearing Board or other tribunals. Questions and suggested improvements should be sent to both Janice Adair
at.4ada461@ecy.wa.gov and Brenden McFarland at bmcf461@ecy.wa.gov. Gail Sandlin in the Air Quality Program
(gasa461@ecy.wa.gov) is available to assist with the SEPA GHG reviews.
A. SPA and climate change
SEPA requires state and local agencies to identify, disclose, and consider the probable environmental impacts
that may result from their decisions. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions adversely affect the environment by
contributing to global climate change. In turn, global climate change results in environmental impacts in
Washington such as rising sea levels and changes in water supply. These changes can impact the built
environment, and SEPA requires these types of impacts to be disclosed, too.
Thus, two different climate change impacts of a proposal should be considered.
1. New GHG emissions caused by the proposal
2. The effects of a changing climate on the proposal's new infrastructure as a result of:
a. Increased sea levels
b. Reduced snowpack
c. Changes in water availability
d. Changes in stream flow timing
e. Increased forest fires
f. More extreme precipitation events and flooding
B. Ecology's role in SEPA reviews
Ecology plays one of three roles in reviewing a SEPA analysis.
1. Lead agency
2. Agency with jurisdiction (where another governmental entity is the lead agency, but Ecology will be
issuing permits for the project)
11 Page June 3, 2011
3. Other - no agency action on proposal (we are an agency with expertise, a commenting agency, or no
review or comment)
This document is to be used when Ecology is either the lead agency or an agency with jurisdiction. It is not
expected that Ecology will review SEPA analyses solely for GHG emissions,
C. Greenhouse ge ses in. n ief
Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CHA Nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen trifluoride (NFA
hydrofluorcarbons (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
In a very simple sense, GHG emissions are air pollutants. However, there are distinctive features about these
emissions that make them different from other air pollutants.
GHGs, and in particular carbon dioxide, are emitted by a vast number of sources, both natural and
anthropogenic, in amounts ranging from trivial to massive. These emissions mix rapidly and uniformly in the
atmosphere. They contribute equally to global concentrations no matter where they are emitted. A ton of CO2
emitted from Seattle has the same effect on global concentrations as a ton emitted in Clarkston. Unlike many
conventional air pollutants, local concentrations of GHGs are not greater near large sources than they are in
areas far away.
Carbon dioxide equivalent (COM is the preferred measure for determining GHG emissions rates for any
combination of these GHGs. Emissions of greenhouse gases are typically expressed in a common metric, so
that their impacts can be directly compared, as some gases have a higher global warming potential (GWP)
than others.
flow will I know if a particular project will result in GHG emissions?
GHG emissions come from multiple sources in widely varying levels. The majority of GHG emissions are
produced by the burning of fossil fuels. The most common sources are:
• Energy production and use, including transportation (e.g. vehicles)
• Industrial manufacturing processes, including':
o Cement
o Glass
o Steel
o Aluminum
o Lime
o Pulp and Paper
o Oil and gas refining
o Silicon production
' These industrial facilities are typically energy intensive and will include a number of boilers. The manufacturing process
itself will also create greenhouse gas emissions.
2)Page June 3, 2011
• Waste disposal and wastewater treatment
• Electricity or natural gas distribution
• Permanent deforestation
• Cattle manure management
While nearly every project will have some level of GHG emissions, not every project will produce emissions to
a level that warrants disclosure.
It is important to note that under current state law (RCW 70.235.020(3)), emissions of carbon dioxide from
industrial combustion of biomass in the form of fuel wood, wood waste, wood by-products, and wood
residuals are not considered a greenhouse gas.
I). Which emissions teed to e incl ase
"New" emissions that are expected to average 10,000 metric tons or more of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)
per year and that are "proximately caused" by the proposal should be disclosed. We expect the majority of
projects to be below this level of emissions.
10,000 metric tons is the equivalent of the emissions produced by 2,092 passenger cars in one year.
Attachment 1 is a screening table that can be used by staff to determine if a proposal is likely to emit greater
than 10,000 metric tons per year.
"New" emissions are any emissions that will result from the project that are additional ("above and beyond"
current emission levels). For example, replacing an existing boiler with a more efficient boiler might result in
no "new" emissions if the new boiler decreases emissions whereas an industrial development on land
currently used for agriculture would likely result in some quantity of "new" emissions. A proposal that will
improve or replace infrastructure but not add any new business or throughput would not be expected to
result in "new" operational or transportation emissions. Relocating an operation could result in additional
emissions, or might reduce emissions depending on the specifics of the relocation. Relocating a supply route
from one location to another, such as between ports or distribution centers, may not result in new emissions.
"Proximate cause" means a "reasonably close causal relationship between the environmental effect and the
alleged cause." It is the standard that the United States Supreme Court adopted under NEPA .z Although
Washington courts have not ruled on this issue as it relates to SEPA, we have used the same standard in the
state because it presents a reasonable approach to defining the scope of impacts that need to be considered.
Proximate cause requires a showing that the proposal is the cause of the emissions in a direct sequence,
unbroken by any superseding cause. The courts have further defined proximate cause as whether the action
and the impacts (emissions) are "two links of [the same] chain." If the environmental impact is linked to the
action, then it should be considered under SEPA.
Dept. of Tronsp. v. Public Citizen, 541 U.S. 752, 754 (2004)
31 Pad e June 3, 201.1.
Generally, Ecology believes that only larger development projects such as new industrial facilities and
electricity generation units will have emissions to a level that will necessitate their specific disclosure. For
example, a proposal to redevelop a site into an industrial park would likely have emissions that would require
disclosure. On the other hand, a building permit for a small business enterprise would not be expected to have
emissions that necessitate disclosure even though the completed project will use energy and there may be
traffic associated with the business.
E. How should GHG emissions be quantified?
When quantifying new emissions that are caused by the project, proponents should use accepted protocols
and emissions factors such as those outlined in Attachment 2. We have also developed a simple tool that will
be helpful in quickly estimating emissions from specific projects. It is available online: SEPA GHG Calculation
Tool
F. What are the boundaries of the project for which emissions must be disclosed?
For all impacts, WAC 197-11-060(4)(b) states that "In assessing the significance of an impact, a lead agency
shall not limit its consideration of a proposal's impacts only to those aspects within its jurisdiction, including
local or state boundaries." If the emissions are proximately caused by the project, they should be disclosed
regardless of their location.
The project proponent should carefully consider any transportation emissions associated with movement of
products related to the operation of the project. At a minimum, the analysis should include the emissions that
occur within Washington state, including the nautical three mile boundary if transporting products by ship. For
projects with ongoing operations that include transporting products from outside the state, such as a port, a
more thorough and perhaps more defensible analysis would include the transportation emissions from the
source location outside of Washington to the final destination if either is known and the extent to which either
is known. Whether or not SEPA requires the transportation analysis to include these out-of-state
transportation emissions is an unsettled question under SEPA case law.
Remember that this document does not supersede or otherwise replace the current SEPA handbook and
provisions prohibiting piecemealing and other requirements on defining the scope of the project still apply.
G. What level ofdetail is c ded for ei-r ssio s disci ostire.?
For projects that are expected to annually produce an average estimate of at least 10,000 but less than 25,000
metric tons COze, proponents should at least qualitatively disclose the GHG emissions caused by the project. A
qualitative disclosure should include a general description of the project's expected source(s) of the emissions,
as well as any proposed GHG mitigation measures incorporated or designed into the project.
Proponents of projects that are expected to produce an average of 25,000 or more metric tons COze each year
should include a quantitative disclosure of GHG emissions. The screening table included as Attachment 1 can
be used by staff to estimate if a proposal is likely to require this quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis
should include GHG emissions from all phases of the project. Emissions from the operation of the completed
41 P a e June 3, 201.1
project should be disclosed separately from emissions associated with the project construction including site
preparation and any demolition. This will allow the agency to better understand the difference between short
term and long term emissions. In addition, the proponent should average the annual estimated operational
emissions over the lifespan of the project. Remember that the SEPA rules require the official to consider
mitigation measures which the proponent proposes to implement as part of the proposal, including any
mitigation measures required by other existing environmental rules or laws.
The GHG analysis should include emissions in the following categories.3,4
# f
• Direct stationary combustion of fossil fuels once the project is complete.
• Vehicle fleet emissions once the project is complete.
• Loss of carbon storage from the permanent conversion of forested lands.
• Methane emissions from new landfills, wastewater treatment plants, or manure management systems.
Scope 2 Emissions
• Purchased electricity or steam consumed by the project.
• Heavy -machinery emissions during site preparation, construction, or clean-up activities.
• New on-going product transportation emissions that are caused by the project; as noted above in F,
this will at a minimum include emissions that occur within Washington state and its three mile nautical
boundary.
• Vehicle trips generated by the project during construction and operation, including those of
employees, customers, vendors, or residents.
H. How can the current SEPA checklist be used to disclose emissions and effects on the
built environment?
The current SEPA environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) can be used to identify and disclose sources of
GHG emissions as well as the impacts on the built environment expected as a result of global climate change.
Section B2 of the checklist requires the proponent to identify air emissions associated with the project during
construction and when the project is completed, as well as any measures proposed to avoid, minimize, or
mitigate those emissions. These questions can be used to help disclose GHG emissions.
The checklist includes other questions that may be useful in identifying other potential GHG emissions, such as
the number of people residing or working in the completed project (under "Land and Shoreline Use"), vehicle
3 25,000 metric tons is the greenhouse gas reporting threshold for the US Environmental Protection Agency. It is the equivalent of
4,545 average passenger cars or 60,749,347 kilowatt hours of electricity.
4 GHG measurement tools group emissions into three categories. Scope 1 may also be referred to as direct emissions and Scopes 2
and 3 as indirect emissions. However, since "direct" and "indirect" are also used in SEPA and mean something different, we
recommend refraining from using those terms to refer to emissions.
51 Page June 3, 2011
trips per day and other demands on transportation (under "Transportation"), and energy use (under "Energy
and Natural Resources").
Projects with a long lifespan should consider their vulnerability to a changing climate. This is especially true for
buildings and infrastructure along coastlines and in floodplains, as well as large water users. By 2050 sea level
in Washington is projected to increase between 1 and 22 inches, depending on location and future emissions.
Major storms and floods are also projected to increase in the future, increasing the flooding danger to projects
located within existing flood plains. Climate change will also affect future water availability and should be
considered for projects that will be large water users.
Section B.3 of the checklist concerning surface water could be used to disclose a project's vulnerability to
climate change. Additional information of the effects of climate change can be found on Ecology's climate
adaptation website.
The SEPA rules include a process for determining when impacts are considered significant (WAC 197-11-330).
Under this rule, the responsible official is tasked with taking into account whether or not the proposal conflicts
with local, state or federal rules or laws. The official is also directed to consider mitigation measures which the
proponent proposes to implement as part of the proposal, including any mitigation measures required by
other existing environmental rules or laws.
The SEPA rules also state, in defining significance, that it involves context and intensity and does not lend itself
to a formula or quantifiable test (WAC 197-11-794). However, we believe that we can identify what level of
greenhouse gas emissions would not be significant, especially taking into account the state's greenhouse gas
reduction targets and other legal requirements to reduce or mitigate emissions.
RCW 70.235.020 establishes greenhouse gas reduction targets for Washington. By 2020, we are to return to
1990 levels. While there are also reduction targets for 2035 and 2050, at this point we are concentrating on
meeting the 2020 targets. Based on Ecology's most recent Comprehensive Plan to meet those targets, the
state must reduce its emissions by 11%5 in order to return to 1990 levels by 20206.
There are also some legal requirements to reduce or mitigate GHG emissions. These include:
• Facilities subject to Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements under the Clean Air Act
that have been determined to meet "Best Available Control Technology" for GHGs.
• New fossil -fueled thermal electric generating facilities required to offset a portion of their CO2
emissions under RCW 80.70.
• Baseload power generation facilities subject to the state Emissions Performance Standard (RCW 80.80).
s The agency is required to update the emissions inventory every even -numbered year, and the percentage reduction needed
to reach the statutory targets will be updated accordingly.
6 Ecology is still considering how and when to use the percentage reduction required to meet the 2035 statutory target.
61 Pai e June 3, 2011
A proposal will be presumed to be not significant for greenhouse gas emissions and thus no further mitigation
for greenhouse gas emissions will be necessary if it is:
• expected to result in fewer than 25,000 metric tons a year;
• subject to a legal requirement to reduce or mitigate GHG emissions; or
• expected to result in emissions of 25,000 metric tons or more a year and has incorporated mitigation
measures to reduce its emissions by approximately 11% below what its emissions would have been
without those mitigation measures.
These proposals should still disclose their emissions as outlined in Section D of this document and at the
appropriate level of detail as outlined in Section G.
For projects that have incorporated mitigation measures to reduce emissions by 11%, the project proponent
should use a reasonable amount of effort to demonstrate that those measures will get as close to the 11%
reduction as possible, however it is not necessary to mitigate emissions by exactly 11%.
By identifying the level of emissions that would be presumed to be not significant, the agency is not taking the
position that emissions exceeding those levels would be presumed to be significant. It is unlikely that a
proposal would be considered significant based solely on its greenhouse gas emissions. We would expect a
project with high GHG emissions to also have other environmental impacts.'
It is important to remember that a project may still be found to be significant because of other impacts even if
the greenhouse gas emissions are not significant.
K. How can a project proponent mitigate emissions?
For proponents who wish to mitigate emissions, there are many options. A number of these are outlined in
Attachment 2.
If a proponent chooses to mitigate GHG emissions by including energy efficiency or other design features that
will reduce GHG emissions, the proponent should quantify and disclose the expected emissions from the
project both with and without those design features.
Mitigation may occur at a different location or at a different source than the emissions associated with the
project. Greenhouse gases mix rapidly in the atmosphere and persist for a number of years, therefore a
reduction in any location will reduce the overall atmospheric burden. Some ideas for off-site mitigation that
have been suggested include energy efficiency improvements in schools, low income housing, or other public
or community buildings, as well as projects that will capture methane from landfills or manure management
systems. These are just examples.
' Some electronic manufacturing, such as photovoltaic solar cell and film silicon modules, may use fluorinated gases with a
very high global warming effect. These projects could have extremely high levels of GHG emissions without other environmental
impacts.
7 1 P a g e June 3, 2011
If a project proponent proposes to mitigate emissions by purchasing a GHG offset project from a third party,
you should contact Ecology's Climate Policy Group for assistance. These types of projects can be controversial
and it is important to ascertain that the offset project meets the necessary criteria.
81 Page _ June 3, 2011
Ecology SEPA and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Significance Flow Chart
Is tile project
exempt from
SEPA?
Will the project
emit less than
10,000 metai4z tons
CO2e per year?
Yes
Will the project
C171it less than
25,000 metric tons
CO2e per year.'
Is the project
sohject to legal
requirements to
reduce or mitigate
GIIGS?
No
Yes incorporat'401-IG
Mitigation Me"Ures I No to reduce GHGs
Yes I I IV,) or more
from BAU?
I
Yes
Non Significant Potentially
GHG Emissions Significant
GHG Emissions
9 1 Page June 3, 2011
No SEPA
No Additional
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Review
GfIG
GfIG
GHG
GHG
Required
Analysis
Analvsis
Analysis
Anaivsis
Non Significant Potentially
GHG Emissions Significant
GHG Emissions
9 1 Page June 3, 2011
The following table can be used to screen projects in order to determine the level of additional greenhouse
gas emissions analysis that should be done by the project proponent. For each category the table estimates
the size of a project that would be expected to produce emissions at annual levels of 10,000 and 25,000 metric
tons during operation. Projects that are near the threshold may require additional project -specific analysis to
determine if emissions may trigger GHG analysis.
For development projects, emissions are included from direct combustion and induced transportation
emissions. For development projects the table uses national and regional estimate of energy use compiled by
the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Estimated emissions from development projects also include
induced transportation emissions based on the Fehr and Peers VMT spreadsheet with default values for Puget
Sound.
10111a .> June 3 2011
Energy Usage
Gasoline 1,136,708 21841,769 Gallons
Diesel 983,367 2,458,418 Gallons
Natural Gas 1,881,255 41703,138 Therms
Electricity Consumption 24,300 60,749 MWh
Commercial or Industrial Boilers
Natural Gas Fired
22
54
Heat Input (MMBtu/hr)
Fuel Oil Fired
15
38
Heat Input (MMBtu/hr)
Coal Fired
12
30
Heat Input (MMBtu/hr)
Biomass Fired (carbon neutral CO2)
578
1,446
Heat Input (MMBtu/hr)
Residential Development (Includes Transportation and Operation)
Single Family
409
1,023
Dwelling Units
Multi -Family
575
1,438
Dwelling Units
High -Rise Condo
854
2,135
Dwelling Units
Commercial Development (Includes Transportation and Operation)
General Retail
185
463
Thousand Square Feet
Supermarket
75
187
Thousand Square Feet
Fast -Food Restaurant
18
45
Thousand Square Feet
Office Space
399
998
Thousand Square Feet
Medical Office
160
399
Thousand Square Feet
Hotel
565
1,411
Hotel Rooms
Movie Theatre
30
75
Movie Screens
Educational Facility Development
Grade School
5,050
12,624
Number of Students
High School
3,662
9,154
Number of Students
College
2,644
6,610
Number of Students
Industrial Development
Warehouse/Distribution Center
119
298
Thousand Square Feet
Conversion of Forested Lands
Deforestation (Western WA) 83 207 Acres
Deforestation (Eastern WA) 213 532 Acres
Waste and Wastewater Treatment
Landfill 74,830
Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant 26
Dairy Cattle Manure Management (Open Lagoon) 2,046
Beef Cattle Manure Management (Open Lagoon) 6,063
111 Page
187,075 Tons MSW Disposed per Year
65 1000 People Served
5,115 Head Cattle
15,158 Head Cattle
June 3, 2011
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Quantification Methodologies, Tools, and Emissions Factors
• Athena Institute EcoCalculator (Athena) - http://www.athenasmi.org/index.html
• CalEEMod - http://www.caleemod.com/
• CCME - http://www.ccme.ca/ourwork/waste.html?categoryid=137
• Department of Commerce GHG Emissions Planning Tools (Commerce) -
http://www,commerce.wa.gov/site/1277/default.aspx
• Ecology Mobile Source Tool (Ecology) - http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/pdfs/ghgfleetcalculator.xls
• Energy Information Agency End Use Consumption Data (EIA) -
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption/index.html
• EPA Reporting Rule - http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html
• EPA WARM Model - http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm home.html
• Fehr & Peers VMT spreadsheets - http://coolconnections.org/solutions/
• IPCC Emissions Factor Database (IPCC) - http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.up/EFDB/main.php
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Life -cycle Inventory Database - http://www.nrel.gov/lci/
• Seattle Climate Partnership - http://seattleclimatepartnership.org/tools/index.html#tool
• The Climate Action Reserve (CAR) - http://www.climateactionreserve.org
• The Climate Registry (TCR) - h_t_tp://www.theclimateregistrV.org/
• U.S Department of Energy 1605b (DOE 1605b) - http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/reporting tools.html
• U.S Forest Service Carbon Lookup Tables (U.S Forest Service) - http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/8192
• URBEMIS-http://www.urbemis.com/
• World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD) -
http://www,ghgprotocol.org/
• WSDOT Commute Trip Reduction Program (CTR) - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TDM/CTR
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Quantification Methodologies, Tools, and Emissions Factors
• The Climate Registry (TCR) - http://www.theclimateregistry.org/
• World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD) -
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/
• Seattle Climate Partnership - http://seattleclimatepartnership.org/tools/index.html#tool
• Ecology Mobile Source Tool (Ecology) -
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/pdfs/ghgfleetcalcu lator.xls
• EPA Reporting Rule - http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html
• IPCC Emissions Factor Database (IPCC) - http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.*p/EFDB/`main.php
• The Climate Action Reserve (CAR) - http://www.climateactionreserve.org
• EPA WARM Model -
http•//www epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm home.html
• Department of Commerce GHG Emissions Planning Tools (Commerce) -
http://www.commerce.wa.gov/site/1277/default.aspx
• WSDOT Commute Trip Reduction Program (CTR) - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TDM/CTR
• U.S Department of Energy 1605b (DOE 1605b) -
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/reporting tools.html
• U.S Forest Service Carbon Lookup Tables (U.S Forest Service) - http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/8192
• URBEMIS - http://www.urbemis.com/
• Energy Information Agency End Use Consumption Data (EIA) -
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption/`index.html
• Athena Institute EcoCalculator (Athena) - http://www.athenasmi.org/index.html
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Life -cycle Inventory Database -
http://www.nrel.gov/lci/
• Fehr & Peers VMT spreadsheets - http://cooIconnections.org/solutions/
State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) IWG Report to the Climate Action Team Page 4
King County Department of Development and Environmental Services
SEPA GHG Emissions Worksheet
Version 1.7 12/26/07 (Introduction Revised March 2011)
Introduction
The Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) requires environmental review of
development proposals that may have a significant adverse impact on the environment.
If a proposed development is subject to SEPA, the project proponent is required to
complete the SEPA Checklist. The Checklist includes questions relating to the
development's air emissions. The emissions that have traditionally been considered
cover smoke, dust, and industrial and automobile emissions. With our understanding of
the climate change impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, King County requires
the applicant to also estimate these emissions.
Emissions created b\1 Development
GHG emissions associated with development come from multiple sources:
• The extraction, processing, transportation, construction and disposal of materials
and landscape disturbance (Embodied Emissions)
• Energy demands created by the development after it is completed (Energy
Emissions)
• Transportation demands created by the development after it is completed
(Transportation Emissions)
GHG Emissions Worksheet
King County has developed a GHG Emissions Worksheet that can assist applicants in
answering the SEPA Checklist question relating to GHG emissions.
The SEPA GHG Emissions worksheet estimates all GHG emissions that will be created
over the life span of a project. This includes emissions associated with obtaining
construction materials, fuel used during construction, energy consumed during a
buildings operation, and transportation by building occupants.
The SEPA GHG Emissions worksheet should not be used to estimate GHG emissions from
large, complex projects, such as urban planned developments, major infrastructure projects,
or projects that require an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). For more sophisticated
tools that may help with assessing the GHGs of these actions, see the Washington State
Department of Ecology's (Ecology) SEPA and climate change website:
http://www.ecV.wa.gov/climatechange/sepa.htm
Using the Worksheet
1. Descriptions of the different residential and commercial building types can be found
on the second tabbed worksheet ("Definition of Building Types"). If a development
proposal consists of multiple projects, e.g. both single family and multi -family
residential structures or a commercial development that consists of more than on type
of commercial activity, the appropriate information should be estimated for each type
of building or activity.
2. For paving, estimate the total amount of paving (in thousands of square feet) of the
project.
3. The Worksheet will calculate the amount of GHG emissions associated with the
project and display the amount in the "Total Emissions" column on the worksheet.
The applicant should use this information when completing the SEPA checklist.
4. The last three worksheets in the Excel file provide the background information that is
used to calculate the total GHG emissions.
5. The methodology of creating the estimates is transparent; if there is reason to believe
that a better estimate can be obtained by changing specific values, this can and
should be done. Changes to the values should be documented with an explanation of
why and the sources relied upon.
6. Print out the "Total Emissions" worksheet and attach it to the SEPA checklist. If the
applicant has made changes to the calculations or the values, the documentation
supporting those changes should also be attached to the SEPA checklist.
Disclaimer — March 2011
This worksheet has not been updated 2007. Since then, new resources have become
available that more accurately estimate the greenhouse gas emissions impacts of
projects. This worksheet can still be used to provide a coarse estimate of a typical
project's climate change impact, but should be used with caution. See Ecology's SEPA
and climate change website for additional resources:
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/sepa.htm
Section 1: Buildings
IEmissions Per Unit or Per Thousand Square Feet
(MTCO2e)
Type (Residential) or Principal Activity
(Commercial)
# Units
Square Feet (in
thousands of
square feet)
Embodied
Energy
Transportation
Lifespan
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
Single -Family Home ................ . .....
ORO
MINIMM
98
672
792
0
Multi -Family Unit in Large Building .......
ONNIMINIM
33
357
766
0
Multi -Family Unit in Small Building .......
ORKS"KNIM
54
681
766
0
Mobile Home .........................................
O IM�
�
-
41
475
709
0
Education .......... I ..................................
77M 7M
0.0
39
646
13 1
0
Food Sales ...........................................
Food Service ........................................
LI1101
0.0
0.0
39
39
1,541
1,994
282
56 1
0
0
Health Care Inpatient ................ I ..........
= W
0.0
39
1,938
582
Health Care Outpatient .........................
0.0
39
737
571
0
Lodging ...... . . .............................
0.0
39
777
117
0
Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................
11P
0.0
39
577
247
0
Office ......... ...............
.
0.0
39
723
588
0
Public Assembly ...................................
0.0
39
733
150
0
Public Order and Safety .......................
0.0
39
899
374
0
Religious Worship ................................
0.0
39
339
129
0
Service .................................................
0.0
39
5991
266
0
Warehouse and Storage ..... .................
0.0
39
352
181
0
Other .........
0.0
39
1,278
I
2571
0
Vacant. ...... ...............
0.0
39
162
471
0
Section 11: Pavement ...........................
0. 00 01
IPavement............................................. MMM
Total Project Emissions:
Version 1.7 12/26/07
r)efinitinn of Ruildino Tvnes
Type (Residential) or Principal Activity
(Commercial)
Description
Single -Family Home ...................................
Unless otherwise specified, this includes both attached and detached buildings
Multi -Family Unit in Large Building ............
Apartments in buildings with more than 5 units
Multi -Family Unit in Small Building ............
Apartments in building with 2-4 units
MobileHome ..............................................
Buildings used for academic or technical classroom instruction, such as
elementary, middle, or high schools, and classroom buildings on college or
university campuses. Buildings on education campuses for which the main use
is not classroom are included in the category relating to their use. For
example, administration buildings are part of "Office," dormitories are
Education ..................................................
"Lodging," and libraries are "Public Assembly."
Food Sales ................................................
Buildings used for retail or wholesale of food.
Buildings used for preparation and sale of food and beverages for
Food Service .............................................
consumption.
Health Care Inpatient ................................
Buildings used as diagnostic and treatment facilities for inpatient care.
Buildings used as diagnostic and treatment facilities for outpatient care.
Doctor's or dentist's office are included here if they use any type of diagnostic
Health Care Outpatient ..............................
medical equipment (if they do not, they are categorized as an office building).
Buildings used to offer multiple accommodations for short-term or long-term
Lodging ......................................................
residents, including skilled nursing and other residential care buildings.
Retail (Other Than Mall) .............................
Buildings used for the sale and display of goods other than food.
Buildings used for general office space, professional office, or administrative
offices. Doctor's or dentist's office are included here if they do not use any type
of diagnostic medical equipment (if they do, they are categorized as an
Office.........................................................
outpatient health care building).
Buildings in which people gather for social or recreational activities, whether in
Public Assembly ........................................
private or non -private meeting halls.
Public Order and Safety ............................
Buildin s used for the preservation of law and order or public safety.
Buildings in which people gather for religious activities, (such as chapels,
Religious Worship .....................................
churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples).
Buildings in which some type of service is provided, other than food service or
Service ......................................................
retail sales of goods
Buildings used to store goods, manufactured products, merchandise, raw
Warehouse and Storage ...........................
materials, or personal belongings (such as self -storage).
Buildings that are industrial or agricultural with some retail space; buildings
having several different commercial activities that, together, comprise 50
percent or more of the floorspace, but whose largest single activity is
agricultural, industrial/ manufacturing, or residential; and all other
Other. ............................ 44 ..........................
miscellaneous buildings that do not fit into any other category.
Buildings in which more floorspace was vacant than was used for any single
commercial activity at the time of interview. Therefore, a vacant building may
Vacant .......................................................
have some occupied floorspace.
Sources:........
Residential 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey
Square footage measurements and comparisons
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/sqft-measure.htmI
Commercial Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS),
Description of CBECS Building Types
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/pba99/bldgtypes.html
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