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HomeMy WebLinkAbout003Golf Course Development and Operation Best Management Practices Plan Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort Jefferson County, Washington • January 6, 2012 GEOENGINEERS 1101 South Fawcett Avenue, Suite 200 Tacoma, Washington 98402 253.383.4940 YEARS 2010 Golf Course Development and Operation Best Management Practices Plan Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort Jefferson County, Washington File No. 12677-001-08 January 6, 2012 Prepared for: Statesman Corporation 7370 Sierra Morena Boulevard SW Calgary, Alberta T31-1 41-19 Attention: Garth Mann Prepared by: GeoEngineers, Inc. 1101 South Fawcett Avenue, Suite 200 Tacoma, Washington 98402 253.383.4940 Joel W. Purdy, LG, LHG Senior Hydrogeologist Wayne S. Wright, PWS Principal JWP:WSW:lc Disclaimer: Any electronic form, facsimile or hard copy of the original document (email, text, table, andJorfigure), if provided, and any attachments are only a copy of the original document. The original document is stored by GeoEngineers, Inc. and will serve as the official document of record. Copyright© 2012 by GeoEngineers. Inc. All rights reserved. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.... ........1 OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................................................1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION.....................................................................................................1 GOLF COURSE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS)...............2 SiteSelection......................................................................................................................................... 2 GolfCourse Design................................................................................................................................ 2 GolfCourse design BMPs:.............................................................................................................2 ConstructionManagement....................................................................................................................3 Construction management BMPs:.................................................................................................3 Wildlife/Botanical Management...........................................................................................................4 Wildlifemanagement BMPs:..........................................................................................................4 WaterUse...............................................................................................................................................4 WaterUse BMPs:.............................................................................................................................4 WaterQuality Management...................................................................................................................5 Water Quality Management BMPs.................................................................................................5 Course Management and Key Personnel.............................................................................................5 Chemical and Fuel Storage............................................................................................................6 Course and Equipment Maintenance...................................................................................................7 Course and Equipment Maintenance BMPs.................................................................................7 ReclaimedWater Management............................................................................................................8 Reclaimed Water Management BMPs...........................................................................................8 TurfManagement..................................................................................................................................8 TurfManagement BMPs.................................................................................................................8 Nutrients.......................................................................................................................................... 9 Application....................................................................................................................................... 9 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) BMPS AND PLAN..................................................................10 Cultural and Physical Controls...........................................................................•................................10 BiologicalControls..............................................................................................................•.....---........11 PesticideControls................................................................................................................................11 RecordKeeping....................................................................................................................................12 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM......................................................................................................13 MonitoringPlan....................................................................................................................................13 Daily and/or Weekly Monitoring...................................................................................................13 SeasonalMonitoring.....................................................................................................................14 AnnualMonitoring...............................................................................................•---......................14 Adaptive Management Decisions.......................................................................................•---.-----......14 LIMITATIONS...............................................................................................................................................15 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................15 CiEOENGINEERS� January 6, 2012 Page i File No. 12677-001-06 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Vicinity Map APPENDICES Appendix A. Fertilizers, Pesticides, and Herbicides Logs Appendix B. DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations Page ii January 6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-601-66 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington INTRODUCTION The Statesman Corporation intends to develop a mixed-use resort development on a 257 -acre site south of Brinnon, Washington (Figure 1). This Golf Course Development and Operation Best Management Practices (BMP) Plan was prepared to meet Jefferson County Code (JCC) Chapter 18.20, Part 190 Performance and Use -Specific Standards for golf courses (Jefferson County 2008) for the proposed Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort, Master Planned Resort (MPR) (Figure 1). The Pleasant Harbor MPR will consist of an 18 -hole championship golf course, residential housing, marina and a maritime village. Once the golf course management personnel are assembled, this BMP Plan should be modified and adapted to address site-specific elements to meet the needs of the Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort. The review and modifications prepared by the golf course personnel will facilitate proper implementation of the plan. OBJECTIVES This Golf Course BMP Plan was developed to provide the foundation and guidelines for proper design and construction practices, water management and vegetative measures that will result in an environmentally compatible, golfer friendly, world-class golf course at Pleasant Harbor. The primary objectives of this Plan are to: 1. Summarize the Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort golf course design and operation BMPs to be incorporated into the project. 2. Identify and describe construction concerns, wildlife and botanical management, water and water quality management (including water treatment/recycling program efforts), and course management and key personnel. 3. Describe the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan (including soils testing, storage, handling, and application of materials such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers), course and equipment maintenance, and turf management BMPs. 4. Develop an adaptive management program including a monitoring plan and procedures for the course, integrated operational BMPs for daily, seasonal, and annual phases. The management program will also include a series of adaptive management decisions based on observed performance of the golf course area, personnel and changing site conditions. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION The Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort site is located along the western shoreline of the Hood Canal in Pleasant Harbor and on Black Point in Sections 15 and 22 of Township 25 North, Range 2 West of the Willamette Meridian. Black Point extends east approximately 1 mile into Hood Canal. The Pleasant Harbor MPR will be a mixed-use resort development on the 257 -acre site. The proposed Golf Course/Golf Resort development will consist of an 18 -hole championship golf course, club house, residential facilities and associated amenities. The mixed-use Maritime Village and Marina area will be GEOENGINEERS� January 6, 2012 Page 1 Re No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington The Golf Course/Golf Resort area is approximately 221 acres and was historically used as the Pleasant Harbor RV Park. The RV park is no longer operational. The Maritime Village area consists of approximately 36 acres, 15 of which are aquatic and leased from the DNR, and are located on the northwest shoreline of Pleasant Harbor, a shallow cove north of Black Point. Currently, the Maritime Village area is being utilized for a variety of purposes including business (real-estate office), recreational (the marina) and commercial (restaurant and convenience store). Recommendations described below outline effective management practices for promoting environmentally -friendly golf course management. GOLF COURSE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) Site Selection A thorough analysis of natural, cultural and archaeological resources has been conducted on the Golf Course/Golf Resort site. Due to awareness of the unique natural environment on the Olympic Peninsula along Hood Canal, numerous technical studies have been conducted by a team of experienced professionals pertaining to soils, steep slopes, stormwater management and treatment, water supply, septic treatment, use of reclaimed water, wildlife habitat, wetlands and shoreline environment. Public involvement has occurred throughout the process. Several public hearings, open houses and informational meetings have been conducted in Brinnon and Jefferson County soliciting input from local residents and government officials. These elements were fully considered as part of golf course site selection. As a result, portions of the site will be protected from development, avoided based on soil types, steep slopes, wildlife habitat and wetlands. Golf Course Design The championship 18 -hole golf course will incorporate development and operation BMPs elements from the King County Golf Course Best Management Practices Manual (King County 1993), Best Management Practices for the Enhancement of Environmental Quality on Florida Golf Courses (Florida Department of Environmental Protection 2007), and Oregon Superintendent's Environmental Stewardship Guidelines (Oregon Golf Course Superintendents' Association 2000). These three references serve as the main guidelines use to achieve an environmentally sound and friendly course. The golf course will be designed and constructed to promote yearlong play, accommodating the weather conditions experienced in this region. Golf Course design BMPs: o Control and treat stormwater to promote wet season play and manage water quality to meet or exceed Washington State standards (WAC 173-201A) while meeting the "no release" condition for the site. in Plan and design the golf course turf program to maximize nutrient uptake and accommodate use of recycled water for irrigation. ® If soil amendments are necessary, only clean organic materials should be used. ■ Locate tees and greens such that excessive shade and reduced airflow will not occur to reduce chemical use to sustain turf quality. ■ Conserve and integrate wildlife habitat. Page 2 January6, 2012 Geo Engineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington ■ Preserve native plant species and enhance existing vegetation through supplemental planting in out -of -play areas. Routing should identify areas that provide opportunities for restoration. ■ Establish wildlife corridors. ■ Preserve wetlands and wetland buffers. ■ Remove invasive species. ■ Design and locate cart paths to minimize environmental impacts. Use pervious materials if possible. Construction Management As designated in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) mitigating conditions for subsequent project review for Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort (Jefferson County, 2007), construction shall be governed though compliance with Jefferson County (JCC 18.30.070) that requires development of Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which will describe how stormwater will be collected and infiltrated to prevent turbidity, sediment, or other contaminants from reaching the harbor and/or Hood Canal waters. Additional regulation for construction site runoff is overseen by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) based on the Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (2005). To prevent increased erosion and impacts to water quality, runoff from buildings and other impervious surfaces require a stormwater management plan to meet Jefferson County's requirement for zero -discharge of water to Hood Canal (Jefferson County, 2007). Construction management BMPs: ■ Adhere to the SWPPP prepared for the site to control sediment discharge, minimize the loss of topsoil, protect water resources and reduce disruption to wildlife, plant species and designated environmental areas. ■ Adhere to the stormwater management plan to achieve zero -discharge of water to Hood Canal. ■ Adhere to the site grading plans that create internal site slopes to direct stormwater into the site and away from offsite receiving water. ■ Construct and manage all temporary sedimentation ponds during construction to promote settlement of sediments and stormwater cleansing prior to delivery to the infiltration points. ■ Use appropriate erosion control devices, such as silt fencing, mulch berms, and erosion control matting, if needed during all aspects of the project to mitigate potential erosion and runoff. ■ Consolidate heavy machinery usage into the shortest time periods allowable. ■ Confine construction staging to discrete areas of the site to minimize disturbance to surrounding wildlife and their habitat. ■ No construction debris or supplies should be placed in or along the edge of the wildlife and wetland buffers. ■ Restore and stabilize bare ground coinciding with, or immediately subsequent to, the completion of the construction work. Restoration and stabilization activities include the GEoENGINEERs� January 6,2012 Page File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington application of a native seed mix and landscape stabilization of cut and filled areas using native plant species. ■ Post buffer signs as an indicator of restricted and sensitive areas where construction activities are to be avoided. Wildlife/Botanical Management Wildlife and botanical management includes the management of water resources that preserve habitat for animals and plants (see Pleasant Harbor MPR Habitat Management Plan (GeoEngineers 2012a). The golf course site includes three wetlands (Wetlands B, C, and D) (Figure 1). All three wetlands are classified as Category III wetlands. Wetlands B and D will have 150 -foot buffers and Wetland C will have an 80 -foot buffer. Wetland B will be modified and filled to accommodate the water and irrigation management system as described in Pleasant Harbor MPR Wetland and Wetland Buffer Mitigation Plan (GeoEngineers 2012b). The wetland water quality within Wetlands C and D will not be impacted because all stormwater and irrigation water will be captured and treated to Class A standards in approved systems before it is discharged to on-site infiltration areas. Wildlife management BMPs: ■ Identify, designate and preserve regional wildlife corridors within the site. A wildlife corridor will be established and maintained for the golf course and resort area that will provide a pathway for wildlife to cross the site while reducing human interaction. The wildlife corridors will provide pathways for shelter, refuge and food. Is Remove invasive species. ® Retain dead tree snags for nesting and feeding sites where they are not hazardous. Construct and place birdhouses and nesting sites in out -of -play areas. Water Use The management of water use may be the most important element of the Pleasant Harbor Golf Course due to the environment and water right considerations (FEIS). The United States Golf Association (USGA) states that water use is among the most import issues facing the future of golf (Snow, 2001). Water Use BMPs: ■ Select turf species and varieties of groundcover and shrubs that are native to the vicinity and can tolerate the climate conditions of Hood Canal species that use less water and are drought tolerant are desirable. n Use an efficient irrigation system and apply the precise amount of irrigation needed for proper turf growth and health. Employ soil moisture meters at strategic locations within the course to monitor soil wetness and deliver the appropriate amount of water. ® Use recycled or reclaimed water to eliminate the use of potable water. ® Monitor and record the amount of water usage to establish a record of what is most efficient. Page 4 January6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington ■ Educate the golf course personnel about water conservation. ■ Provide adequate levels of nutrients to the turf, including a balance of potassium and nitrogen, while avoiding excessive levels of nitrogen (Snow, 2001). ■ Use mulches in shrub and flower beds to reduce water evaporation losses. ■ Use soil cultivation techniques such as spiking, slicing and core aerification to improve water infiltration and minimize runoff during irrigation or rainfall events. ■ Limit cart traffic to paths to minimize turf wear and limit soil compaction. Water Quality Management Management of water quality is an important aspect of golf course management. The water quality monitoring program is provided in a separate document, the Water Quality Monitoring Plan, Pleasant Harbor Master Planned Resort being developed by others. Water Quallty Management BMPs ■ Collect all stormwater runoff and treating to Class A standards before the treated stormwater is either reused for irrigation purposes or discharged to infiltration areas found on-site. There will be no discharge to Hood Canal. ■ Reduce the input of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous through a nutrient management plan (as described below). ■ Reduce the use of pesticides by choosing pest -resistant grasses and plants and applying biological and other nontoxic alternatives to chemical pesticides whenever possible. ■ Prepare and adhere to a pesticide management plan that includes, application, handling and storage guidelines, ■ Design the fairways to direct surface runoff to the margins where it can be properly treated. Along the margins of the course, bermed edges trap water from flowing off site and collect it in the created pockets for treatment. Treatment is by plant uptake, interaction with the soil and atmosphere, and by filtration. ■ Maximize the use of pervious pavements. ■ Collect runoff from pervious surfaces and use bioswales to slow and infiltrate water and trap potential pollutants in the soil, where they can be naturally treated by organisms. Course Management and Key Personnel It is imperative that the superintendent and key staff (including assistant superintendent(s), mechanics, irrigation technicians and pesticide applicators) be well educated, have pertinent work experience, and accept responsibility for protecting the environment. Key personnel will oversee and maintaining plantings, turf, equipment, and hazardous materials that can affect the environment. GEOENGINEERS lanuary6,2012 Page5 File No. 12677001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington Chemical and Fuel Storage Herbicides and pesticides are potentially dangerous chemicals and must be handled and mixed with extreme care and proper knowledge. On this course, chemical use will be heavily regulated to focus on natural materials and only under extreme cases are chemicals used. CHEMICAL AND FUEL STORAGE BMPS ■ Locate operations away from groundwater wells and areas where runoff may reach surface water bodies. m All personnel should have proper training and the level of staff training and supervision should be assessed. ■ All hazardous materials will be stored in one central secured maintenance location. Spill response kits for specific materials such as pesticides and fuels should be located in the building and should be easily accessible and secure. ■ Pesticides will be located in a locked area in an isolated room on a stable shelving area, away from other herbicides, insecticides, etc. Chemicals such as fungicides and herbicides will be separated from one another, so cross contamination can be reduced. ■ All storage areas will have an up-to-date chemical inventory list, appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on file or posted and a fire extinguisher(s). Storage areas shall be properly ventilated. m Clean up spills immediately. s Use plastic or reinforced metal shelving. s Use chemical -resistant paint for the storage area. m Do not include a floor drain in storage area. Design floor with continuous curb to retain spilled materials. s Smoking shall not be allowed in pesticide, fertilizer or fuel storage areas. ■ Supply Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and other appropriate emergency response equipment in an easily accessible location for emergency, both inside and outside the storage area. a The emergency wash area shall be located outside the storage area. ® Place dry materials above liquids, never liquids above dry materials. Never place liquids above eye level. ® Any pesticide that is collected from a spill must be applied as a pesticide or disposed of as a potentially hazardous waste. Fertilizers will be maintained separately, but in a manner similar to pesticides. ■ Always store nitrogen -based fertilizers separately from solvents, fuels and pesticides, ideally in a flame -resistant building. s Always store fertilizers in an area protected from rainfall. ■ Sweep up any spilled fertilizer immediately. Page 6 January6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington HANDLING / MIXING AND LOADING AREA BMPS ■ Pesticides, if employed, will be contained in a separate facility and mixed in an area with adequate ventilation and lighting. ■ Sump should be small and easily accessible for cleaning. ■ Commercial containment flooring, pesticide recovery systems, and spill response kits will be present so pesticides are not accidentally exposed and/or tracked outside of the facility. s Containment and recovery systems can be effective for recovering and reducing the amount of spilled chemicals that require special disposal. ■ PPE will be stored separately from the mixing/load room. APPLICATION BMPS ■ Read and understand pesticide labeling before use. a Properly calibrate sprayer or spreader before use. ■ Apply pesticides to target areas only (spot application). Do not apply pesticides in buffer zones or impervious surfaces. ■ Apply when winds are 5 mph or less, or use hooded booms. Course and Equipment Maintenance Waste materials from golf course equipment and vehicles can include gasoline, used oils, oil filters and used antifreeze. Waste water from equipment washing operations may also contain residual oils and waste materials that can be detrimental to the environment. Course and Equipment Maintenance BMPS ■ Avoid gasoline spills by using smaller containers with a spout or funnel. ® Avoid overfilling the gas tank. N Establish designated wash areas for vehicles. Contain, collect and treat wash -water runoff separately and monitor. ■ Conduct and maintain equipment on a regular basis- i.e. conduct routine oil changes and tune- ups, replace and/or clean air filters, keep lawn mower blades sharp. ■ Use multi-purpose solvents or find less hazardous, environmentally -friendly alternatives (i.e. citrus or water-based cleaners) ■ Segregate and recycle oils, batteries, and other vehicle -related wastes ■ Choose low- to no -maintenance grasses and surrounding vegetation to reduce maintenance time and materials ■ Keep equipment running efficiently s Wash areas for vehicles will be established away from wetlands and other sensitive areas and will be bermed so the wastewater can be captured and treated before being discharged on site. GEOENGINEERS January 6, 2012 Page 7 File No. 12677.001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington Reclaimed Water Management The golf course will use reclaimed water for irrigation. Reclaimed water will be routed to a kettle in the center of the course that will also serve as the driving range. Reclaimed Water Management BMPs ■ Ensure that all cross -connection controls are in place and operating correctly. n Post signs in accordance with local and state utility requirements that reclaimed water is in use. Turf Management Turf that is healthy and vigorous is better able to propagate, and will resist weeds, insects and disease (Walker & Associates, 2007). Aeration is a form of turf management that is commonly used. The primary goal of aeration is to relieve soil compaction, improve water infiltration, and control organic matter, which consists of decaying roots and grass stems. When this organic matter gets too thick, it holds too much water near the surface. This condition limits new root growth, increases disease, and causes other turf problems. Aeration, combined with sand topdressing applied to fill the holes, is the most effective way to manage the organic matter near the green's surface (Sunset Hills Golf Club, 2008) Turf Management BMPs n Select turf that is closely tied to the rainfall characteristics of the Brinnon area and has deeply penetrating rooting characteristics. n Conduct daily turf inspections. The golf course superintendent will be properly experienced and trained in turf health and management and well versed in non -chemical treatment methods. Determine soil needs and conditions through soil and water sampling and testing. ■ Reduce and avoid the use of iron products (ferrous oxide) that are used to "green up" the turf. m Apply fertilizer in phases instead of all at once, and limiting the amounts applied. ■ Consider timing of the application to minimize leaching and volatilization of the chemicals. s Limit the use of phosphorus because, if released, can increase algal growth that consumes oxygen and reduces penetration of sunlight in the water, potentially killing off other organisms. ■ Consider substitutes to some nutrients, such as iron instead of nitrogen. ■ Maintain a thatch layer in the turfgrass. ■ Compost when possible. ■ Consider timing of the application to minimize leaching and volatilization of the chemicals. ■ Limit the use of phosphorus because, if released, can increase algal growth that consumes oxygen and reduces penetration of sunlight in the water, potentially killing off other organisms. Page 8 j January6, 2012 Geo Engineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington Nutrients Based on the turf used to build the course, a fertilization schedule will be established that provides just the right amount of nutrients to achieve grass establishment and maintain the course appearance. Over -fertilization and poorly applied fertilizer creates an uneven and undesirable course appearance. Once turf and the root system are established, nutrient uptake is rapid and contained in the living turf, not the runoff. Golf course turf fertilizers are composed of three main nutrients, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P). Additional popular nutrients that may be added to the fertilizer formulas include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), and manganese (Mn). The two main options for nutrient application are slow- and quick -release formulas. The benefits of slow-release fertilizers include less leaching and displacement, while quick release formulas are cheaper and give an instant boost to turf and plants. The most effective application of fertilizers is a combination of both slow- and quick -release formulas so the different vegetation is able to uptake nutrients at a rate that limits runoff or leaching losses. FERTILIZATION BMPS ■ Perform soil nutrient testing at regular intervals (typically every 1 to 3 years). ■ Use slow release organic nitrogen when possible. ■ Regulate nitrogen application to optimize turf vigor and prevent disease development. ■ Maintain soil pH that is appropriate for turfgrass type and to optimize turf vigor. ■ Do not apply fertilizer in defined buffer zones. ■ Nutrients should also be applied at different rates, depending upon the soil type and expected rainfall and/or irrigation regime. Application Effective management of hazardous chemicals includes effective treatment that targets the offending pests and has the least repercussions to the beneficial organisms and environment. Application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers will be carefully determined by applying baseline site knowledge and acceptable level of application to the area(s). Soil testing, as mentioned above, can help to establish a baseline level. Pesticide and fertilizer applications generally occur between the months of April and October generally correlating to the drier season) and/or on an as -needed basis. Care is needed with applications so chemicals and fertilizers are delivered only to the target areas. Over spray/application onto cart paths and buffer zones should be avoided. CHEMICAL APPLICATION BMPS ■ An inventory of all chemicals and fuel stored on the site will be maintained and checked weekly. All chemical use will be documented and verified by date of application, amount of application and location of application. ■ All application devices should be calibrated so chemicals are applied at appropriate rates. GEoENGINEERs January 6, 2012 Page File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington • Only a trained and certified pesticide applicator should be allowed to dispense and apply these chemicals. ® Proximity and transport distance to sensitive habitat including water bodies and wetlands, as well as application timing (i.e. relative to precipitation events), should be considered prior to any chemical application. A properly designed monitoring plan that investigates and document the golf course's performance regarding nutrient control will be developed. A stormwater runoff monitoring program that involves sampling both surface water and groundwater for nutrient releases will also be implemented. The stormwater runoff program will be outlined in a separate document entitled, Water Quality Monitoring Plan Pleasant Harbor MPR being developed by others. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) BMPS AND PLAN An IPM plan is another key document each golf course must create and employ on a daily basis. The goal of the IPM plan is to emphasize natural pest management before employing chemical pest eradication. It combines biological, cultural, and chemical pest management technologies so adverse environmental impacts can be avoided. It is important to educate staff on contents of the IPM. An effective IPM includes defining specific turfed, non -turfed and natural management areas, employing knowledgeable and experienced key personnel, establishing baseline, action, and treatment levels for the specific areas through monitoring, and developing a process for evaluating treatments. Other important considerations when employing an IPM are understanding turfgrass pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation and water quality parameters. As stated in the Pleasant Harbor MPR adoption conditions (Jefferson County, 2008a), a log of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides used on the site will be maintained and made available to the public (see Appendix A for log sheets). Cultural and Physical Controls ■ Prevent introducing pests by using certified plant materials, destroy infested/infected plants and exclude pests. ■ Select seed type best suited for growing environment. ■ Use topdressing sand that meets USGA specifications for particle size distribution to maintain consistent rootzone content. ■ Stimulate root growth if root -feeding pests are detected. ® Set mowing height appropriately for location. For example, raise height to reduce plant stress. Is Time irrigation to avoid excess moisture or drought stress, and minimize the duration of leaf wetness. ■ Remove dew on non -mowing days during disease -conducive periods. • Remove clippings and dispose of in designated composting areas. Page 10 January 6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN - Jefferson County, Washington ■ Minimize shade from turf areas. Whenever possible, retain shade over waterways to preserve habitat. ■ Remove leaves, fallen limbs and other debris from turf areas. Whenever possible, do not disturb this material in waterways to preserve habitat. ■ Wash mowers to avoid spreading pathogens and weeds. ■ Allow turf to dry before mowing. ■ Manage thatch by adjusting moving levels, mechanical removal, topdressing, or other means. ■ Adjust aeration frequency appropriately for turf location and conditions. ■ Divert traffic away from areas that are stressed by insects, nematodes, diseases, or weeds. Biological Controls ■ Install and maintain bird nest boxes as well as bat boxes to promote biological control over smaller flying insects. Each nest box must be regularly inspected, cataloged as to use and maintained in good working order. After breeding seasons, nest boxes should be inspected and serviced to remove old shells and replace the bedding material. ■ Avoid applying pesticides to roughs, driving ranges, or other low -use areas to provide beneficial organisms a refuge. ■ Use mechanical traps when necessary to control rodents. Use rodenticides as a last resort. ■ Use mechanical means where possible to remove undesirable aquatic plants. ■ Use aerators to agitate water to reduce the growth of bacteria, algae and mosquitoes. Pesticide Controls ■ Irrigate turfgrass before and/or after an application, in accordance with the label, especially for insecticides aimed at soil insects. ■ Avoid broad-spectrum pesticides when possible to conserve beneficial insects. ■ Test the pH of spray water regularly and buffer if necessary. ■ Test new pesticides on a small area on the golf course before widely using them. ■ Manage pesticide resistance by rotating pesticides with different modes of action, as appropriate. ■ Preventively apply appropriate fungicides where diseases are likely to occur and when conditions favor disease outbreaks. ■ Preventively apply pesticides only in areas where severe damage previously occurred, was documented, and can be reasonably expected again. ■ Avoid applying herbicides when they could contribute to plant stress and lead to greater damage from a secondary pest problem. ■ Rotate chemical family of pesticide used for a specific pest to prevent the development of pest resistance. Focus on less hazardous and non-toxic alternatives. GEoENGINEERS January6, 2012 Page 11 File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington Record Keeping IPM principles include keeping a record of all pest control activity, so that you may refer to information on past infestations or other problems to select the best course of action in the future. There is no time limit on these records, because the longer they go back, the more helpful they are. These records will help course managers do the following: ■ Evaluate past pest control practices, m Improve pest control practices, m Predict future pest problems, ■ Predict future results, ■ Develop more accurate pest control budgets, m Minimize pesticide use and costs, ■ Maximize pest control efficiency, ■ Avoid pesticide misuse, m Reduce pesticide inventory and storage requirements, and m Provide proof of label and IPM compliance in the event of a lawsuit. IPM principals suggest keeping a record of the following items: m Brand or product name, m EPA registration number, ■ Total amount applied, ■ Location of application site, ■ Size of area treated, m Crop/variety/target site, ■ Month/day/year and start and end times of application, m Name and license number of applicator (if applicator is not licensed, record his/her name and his/her supervisor's name and license number), m Method of application, and ■ Name of the person authorizing the application, if the licensed applicator does not own or lease the property. Such records should also include the following: ■ Plant being treated, ■ Stage of plant development, ■ Pest being treated, m Stage of pest development, Page 12 '! January 6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTAND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington ■ Severity of infestation, ■ Beneficial species present, ■ Air temperature, ■ Wind speed and direction, ■ Rainfall and soil moisture level, ■ Other pertinent environmental conditions, ■ Time of day and date, ■ Recent previous attempts to control, ■ Basis of selection for treatment used, ■ Percent active ingredient, ■ Application rate (per acre or 1,000 ft2), ■ Type of equipment used, and ■ Results of treatment. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM The objectives of an adaptive management program are to sustain the long-term health of the environment by reducing the potential impacts of the golf course operations. Adaptive management is a process that allows for the integrated operational BMPs presented above to be modified or adjusted to reflect new information about wildlife, water quality, pest control, turf vigor, etc. It is possible that measures not currently identified may be more effective in achieving the goals and objectives. Adjustments to this adaptive management plan are expected during the life of the golf course based on sufficient information. Many of the elements of the adaptive management program will arise from the monitoring results. The following are monitoring recommendations. Monitoring Plan A water quality monitoring plan has been developed for the resort and is presented in a separate document, Water Quality Monitoring Plan Pleasant Harbor MPR prepared by others. The following monitoring recommendations are related to golf course management elements. Daily and/or Weekly Monitoring Daily and/or weekly monitoring of the site shall include: ■ Maintain and monitor a weather station on the golf course to monitor rainfall and adjust irrigation as needed. ■ Observe the health of greens and turf. ■ Check and secure chemical containment facilities for fertilizers, pesticides, and nutrients. GMENGINEERS� January 6, 2012 f Page 13 File No. 12677001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington as Check chemical containers for leaks. ■ Maintaining a log sheet for all fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides used on site. This information should be accessible at all times and made available to the public, as required by Jefferson County Brinnon MPR Adoption Ordinance MLA06-87). ■ Management should inform golfers about chemical applications through prominent placement of notices and signs. Seasonal Monitoring Seasonal monitoring of the site shall include: ■ Conducting a seasonal tune-up of vehicles and golf course equipment. ■ Monitor and document habitat improvements and related wildlife responses. ■ Inspect and service nest boxes. Annual Monitoring Annual monitoring of the site shall include: s Testing of soils for nutrient overload and/or deficiencies. ® Analyzing water usage and irrigation requirements. ■ Review nutrient, pesticide and chemical usage rates. as Prepare an annual monitoring report of all golf course management activities, with documentation of problems encountered and modifications made to the system to address those problems. Adaptive Management Decisions Successful adaptive management programs are founded on sound understanding of the project design and programmatic requirements of the program such as water quality, runoff, pollution abatement and other site-specific options. Setting clear and concise expectations for the golf course management is imperative. Monitoring for those expectations should be repeatable and as simple as possible to develop a solid basis for evaluation and adaptive management approaches. Alternative management decisions will be addressed as more project details are developed. The following are examples of revisions that could be addressed: ■ Revise the IPM over time so that it remains contemporary and reflects the state of art of golf course management, potentially including adjusting aeration, mulching and mowing height practices. ® Revise monitoring plan as results are collected and analyzed. ■ Revise fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide application rates. as Adjust water application rate. as Modify the golf course to remove problem areas or conditions. Page 14 - January6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington LIMITATIONS GeoEngineers has developed this Golf Course Development and Operations BMP Plan for the property located at Pleasant Harbor and Black Point owned by Statesman Corporation in general accordance with the scope and limitations of our proposal dated March 11, 2008. Within the limitations of scope, schedule and budget, our services have been executed in accordance with the generally accepted practices in this area at the time this report was prepared. No warranty or other conditions express or implied should be understood. This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of Statesman Corporation and authorized agents and regulatory agencies following the described methods and information available at the time of the work. No other party may rely on the product of our services unless we agree in advance to such reliance in writing. The information contained herein should not be applied for any purpose or project except the one originally contemplated. The applicant is advised to contact all appropriate regulatory agencies (local, state, and federal) prior to design or construction of any development to obtain necessary permits and approvals. REFERENCES Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 2007, Best Management Practices for the Enhancement of Environmental Quality on Florida Golf Courses. GeoEngineers, Inc., 2012a, Pleasant Harbor MPR Habitat Management Plan. GeoEngineers, Inc., 2012b, Pleasant Harbor MPR Wetland and Wetland Buffer Mitigation Plan. Jefferson County, 2007, Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Brinnon Master Planned Resort. November 27, 2007. Port Townsend, Washington. Jefferson County, 2008a, Brinnon MPR Ordinance No. 01-0128-08, MLA06-87. Jefferson County, 2008, Jefferson County Code (JCC). Title 18 Unified Development Code, Chapter 18.20. Performance and Use -Specific Standards Jefferson County, 2008, Jefferson County Code (JCC). Title 18 Unified Development Code, Chapter 18.22. Critical Areas Ordinance. King County Environmental Division, 1993, Best Management Practices for Golf Course Development and Operation, King County, Washington. Oregon Golf Course Superintendents' Association, 2000, Environmental Stewardship Guidelines. Snow, J. T., 2001, Water Conservation on Golf Courses, Reprinted from the publication Water Right - Conserving Our Water Preserving Our Environment Published in 2001 by International Turf Producers Foundation, Case Study 7. Accessed at http://www.usga.orVturf/articles/environment/water/water conservation. htmI GEoENGINEERS January 6, 2012 Page 15 File No. 12677-001-06 GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION BMP PLAN Jefferson County, Washington Sunset Hills Golf Club, 2008, Turf Management.. Accessed at http-//sunsethillscc.com/home/turf.asp Washington State Legislature, 2006, Washington Administrative Code (WCC). Chapter 173-201A, Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Washington. Walker & Associates, Inc., 2007, Golf Course Design, Construction and Maintenance: Best Management Practices, Gold Rush Ranch, Sutter Creek, California. Page 16 January 6, 2012 GeoEngineers, Inc. File No. 12677-001-06 `�'�-r - - — - ♦ APPENDIX A y fi Jr f ,_� " ♦ Fertilizers, Pesticides, and Herbicides Logs i t t f � s w M Y P M i w ♦ } a i a L F— r W W 0 N W v w0 pJ W LV Z 0 ZV (L� W W HO i/) Z Q Q W 0 OV m— W F - Q W = d F - Z w Q W U) N QLUJ J ~ LU LL a y tC O L H cc a) O cu E x O L CL CL Q W cc /�y V d C� C x 0 a a Q cu cu cu U E m t U U 0 0) a N 0 cu U O J C a3 C O (n fa a) 0 cuY U .a a Q L n N � = U d � LL a) U N O U a7 y C N U a N O U� Lu W Lu o= Lu U) z0 ZO J J IL w ~ F- U) � J a �a Oa m� Lu r-4 = J_ Z ~ Q W Cf) LL Q W J a Q N LL N .Q CL Q ca N N D N N N LL N 0 F - w O U) W 0 W z z Q J CL w LU F- U) Q O m Q 2 H z Q U) a w J CL W W O J z O a U_ J a a a W 0 U H W a m E R z N 0 a U Q Q. Q C O U O J C1 C N C d Q _N 0 O d O = w N �a v d Y •C .0 a) 3 a0 CD .Q CL Q Y N� N a) N a> U .y d a 0 o a> _ m oc��n c� �w C i � R a) _ 2CY m .Q CL Q co V1 D d 'a _U d 2 R DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations Following is the DAKOTA Recommendations for Putting Green Construction For over 25 years the DAKOTA recommendations for green construction have been the most successful method of green construction throughout the United States and in other parts of the world. When built and maintained properly, DAKOTA Greens have provided consistently excellent results for golf courses over a period of many years. The remainder of this document specifically represents DAKOTA`s recommendations for green construction. Section 1 - The Subgrade The slope of the subgrade should conform to the general slope of the finished grade. The subgrade should be established approximately 16 inches (400 mm) below the proposed surface grade - 18 to 20 inches (450 to 500 mm) when an intermediate layer is necessary - and should be thoroughly compacted to prevent further settling. Water collecting depressions should be avoided. If the subsoil is unstable, such as with an expanding clay, sand, or muck soil, geotextile fabrics may be used as a barrier between the subsoil and the gravel blanket. Construct collar areas around the green to the same standards as the putting surface itself. Section 2 - Drainage A subsurface drainage system is required in DAKOTA greens. The pattern of drainage pipes should be designed so that the main drain(s) is placed along the line of maximum fall, and laterals are installed at an angle across the slope of the subgrade, allowing a natural fall to the main. Lateral drains shall be spaced not more than 15 feet (5 m) apart and extended to the perimeter of the green. Laterals should also be placed in water -collecting depressions if they exist. At the low end of the gradient, where the main drain exits the green, drainage pipe should be placed along the perimeter of the green, extending to the ends of the first set of laterals. This will facilitate drainage of water that may accumulate at the low end of that drainage area. Drainage design considerations should be given to disposal of drainage waters away from play areas, and to the laws regulating drainage water disposal. Drainage pipe shall be perforated plastic, minimally conforming to ASTM 2729 or ASTM F 405, with a minimum diameter of 4 inches (100 mm). Waffle drains or any tubing encased in geotextile sleeves is not recommended. Drainage trenches minimally 6 inches (150 mm) wide and 8 inches (200 mm) deep shall be cut into a thoroughly compacted subgrade so that drainage pipes maintain a consistent slope to the outlet of at least 0.5%, Spoil from the trenches should be removed from the subgrade cavity, and the floor of the trench should be smooth and clean. If a geotextile fabric is to be used as a barrier between unstable subsoil and the gravel drainage blanket, it should be installed at this time. Under no circumstances should the fabric cover the drainage pipes or trenches. A layer of gravel (see Section 3 for size recommendations) should be placed in the trench to a minimum depth of 1 inch (25 mm). It may be deeper, as necessary, to ensure minimal slope requirements. All drainage pipes should be placed on the gravel bed in the trench. PVC drainpipe, if used, should be placed in the trench with the holes facing down. Pipe connections shall not impair the overall function of the pipeline. The trenches should then be backfilled with additional gravel, taking care not to displace any of the drainage pipes. As an alternative to round pipe placed in a trench, flat pipe placed directly on the prepared subgrade may be employed, provided the flat pipe conforms to ASTM D 7001 (provisional), is a minimum of 12 inches (300 mm) in width, and is not covered by a geotextile sleeve. The flat pipe shall be stapled to the subgrade, or otherwise held in place to prevent shifting during construction. Rational combinations of round and flat pipe may be employed within a greens drainage system. All other guidelines for drainage system installation shall apply for this alternative construction method. DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations Section 3 - Gravel and Intermediate Layers Place grade stakes at frequent intervals over the subgrade and mark them for the gravel drainage blanket layer, intermediate layer (if included), and root zone layer. The entire subgrade then shall be covered with a layer of clean, washed, crushed stone or pea gravel to a minimum thickness of four inches (100 mm), conforming to the proposed final surface grade to a tolerance of fl inch. Soft limestone, sandstones, or shale are not acceptable. Questionable materials should be tested for weathering stability using the sulfate soundness test (ASTM C-88). A loss of material greater than a 12% by weight is unacceptable. The LA Abrasion test (ASTM C-131) should be performed on any materials suspected of having insufficient mechanical stability to withstand ordinary construction traffic. The value obtained using this procedure should not exceed 40. Soil engineering laboratories can provide this information. Consult DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. (refer to Section 9). The need for an intermediate layer is based on the particle size distribution of the root zone mix relative to that of the gravel. When properly sized gravel (see Table 1) is available, the intermediate layer is not necessary. If the properly sized gravel cannot be found, an intermediate layer must be used. Table 1 PARTICLE SIZE DESCRIPTION OF GRAVEL AND INTERMEDIATE LAYER MATERIALS Material Description Gravel: Intermediate layer Not more than 10% of the particles greater than is used 1/2" (12mm) D90 (gravel) / D15 (gravel) is less than or equal to 3.0 At (east 65°!0 of the particles between 1/4" (6mm) i and 3/8" (9mm) Not more than 10% less than 2 mm Not more than 10% of the particles less than 2 mm Intermediate Layer Material At least 90% of the particles between 1 mm and 4 mm Table 2 SIZE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GRAVEL WHEN INTERMEDIATE LAYER IS NOT USED Performance Factors [Bridging Factor Recommendation D15 (gravel) less than or equal to 8 X D85 (root zone) ��Permeability Factor y D15 (gravel) greater than or equal to 5 X D15 (root zone) Uniformity Factors D90 (gravel) / D15 (gravel) is less than or equal to 3.0 No particles greater than 12 mm Not more than 10% less than 2 mm FNot more than 5% less than 1 mm 2 DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations 3.1 - Selection and Placement of Materials When the Intermediate Layer Is used Table 1 describes the particle size requirements of the gravel and the intermediate layer material when the intermediate layer is required. The intermediate layer shall be spread to a uniform thickness of two to four inches (50 to 100 mm) over the gravel drainage blanket (e.g., if a 3 -inch depth is selected, the material shall be kept at that depth across the entire area), and the surface shall conform to the contours of the proposed finished grade. 3.2 - Selection of Gravel When the Intermediate Layer Is Not Used If appropriate gravel can be identified (see Table 2), the intermediate layer need not be included in the construction of the green. In some instances, this can save a considerable amount of time and money. Selection of this gravel is based on the particle size distribution of the root zone material. The architect and/or construction superintendent must work closely with DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. (refer to Section 11) in selecting the appropriate gravel. Either of the following two methods may be used: Send samples of different gravel materials to the lab when submitting samples of components for the root zone mix. As a general guideline, look for gravel in the 2 mm to 9.5 mm range. DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. will determine the best root zone mix, and then will test the gravel samples to determine if any meet the guidelines outlined below. Submit samples of the components for the root zone mix, and ask DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. to provide a description, based on the root zone mix tests, of the particle size distribution required of the gravel. Use the description to locate one or more appropriate gravel materials, and submit them to DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. for confirmation. Gravel meeting the criteria below will not require the intermediate layer. It is not necessary to understand the details of these recommendations; the key is to work closely with DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. in selecting the gravel. Strict adherence to these criteria is imperative; failure to follow these guidelines could result in greens failure. The criteria are based on engineering principles which rely on the largest 15% of the root zone particles "bridging" with the smallest 15% of the gravel particles. Smaller voids are produced, and they prevent migration of root zone particles into the gravel yet maintain adequate permeability. The D85 (root zone) is defined as the particle diameter below which 85% of the soil particles (by weight) are smaller. The D15 (gravel) is defined as the particle diameter below which 15% of the gravel particles (by weight) are smaller. • For bridging to occur, the D15 (gravel) must be less than or equal to eight times the D85 (root zone). • To maintain adequate permeability across the root zone/gravel interface, the D15 (gravel) shall be greater than or equal to five times the D15 (root zone). • The gravel shall have a uniformity coefficient (Gravel D90/Gravel D15) of less than or equal to 3.0. Furthermore, any gravel selected shall have 100% passing a 1/2" (12 mm) sieve and not more than 10% passing a No. 10 (2 mm) sieve, including not more than 5% passing a No. 18 (1 mm) sieve. DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations Section 4 - The Root Zone Mixture — Greens and Tees 4.1 - Sand Selection: The sand used in a DAKOTA root zone mix shall be selected so that the particle size distribution of the final root zone mixture is as described in Table 3. Table 3 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF DAKOTA ROOT ZONE MIX ' Particle Name Recommendation (by weight) Diameter r` Fine Gravel 2.0 - 3.4 mm Very Not more than 10% of the total particles in this coarse 1.0 - 2.0 mm range, including a maximum of 311/o fine gravel sand (preferably none) Coarse ]0.5 sand - 1.0 mm Minimum of 60% of the particles must fall in this range Mediumj�' 0. sand 25 - 0.50 mm Fine sand 0.15 - 0.25 mm Not more than 20% of the particles may fall within this range ,,Very Fine 0.05 - 0.15 mm Sand Not more than 5% 02 - 0.05 mlo Silt i Not more than 5% less than 0.002 Clay �mm Not more than 3% VVery fine sand [Total Fines 'Less than or equal to 10% I+silt +clay 4.2 - Organic Matter Selection: Organic material used in the rootzone mix for greens and tees shall be DAKOTA Peat (refer to section 11). A mixture of 90% sand as specified and 10% DAKOTA Peat. Exact percentage of sand/Dakota will be recommended and determined after the initial mix designs have been tested by DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. 4 DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations 4.3 - Physical Properties of the Root Zone Mix: The root zone mix shall have the properties summarized in Table 4, as tested by USGA protocol (proposed ASTM Standards) by DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. (refer to section 11). Table 4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ROOT ZONE MIX Physical Property I Recommended Range ITotal Porosity 35% - 55% Air-filled Porosity 15% - 300/0 Capillary Porosity 15% - 25% Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Minimum of 6 inches/hr (150 mm/hr) 4.4 BLENDING ROOT ZONE: IT IS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL TO THOROUGHLY AND ACCURATELY MIX ALL ROOT ZONE COMPONENTS. The root zone shall be blended by DAKOTA Blenders Inc. DAKOTA 2250 Hydro blender and crew (refer to section 11). No valid justification can be made for using other equipment or personnel since a homogeneous mixture is essential to success. 4.5 — QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM: Arrangements must be made with DAKOTA Analytical (refer to section 11) to routinely check gravel and root zone mixtures during production and blending. Testing will be done a minimum of every 1,000 tons of the blending process and every 500 tons of gravel and bunker sand production. It is imperative that these materials conform to the recommendations approved by DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. in all respects. 4.6 — "DNA -Like Testing" - Product Verification Testing (Patent Pending): In order to assure the mix ordered is the mix delivered, DNA like Testing will be performed once during the mixing process and a minimum of one test per 6 greens after installation in to the green cavities. An approved agent of the owner, lab, and the architect must submit samples. Samples must be submitted to DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. for verification. Section 5 - Contractor will be responsible for all testing costs. Owner of the project and owner's agents, including the architect and DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. reserve the following rights: access to all records dealing with test results, purchase orders, invoices and proof of purchases for materials and services related to the project construction. DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations Section 6 - Top Mix Covering, Placement, Smoothing, and Firming The thoroughly mixed root zone material shall be placed on the green site and firmed to a uniform depth of 12 inches (300 mm), with a tolerance of t 1 inch (25 mm). Be sure that the mix is moist when spread to discourage migration into the gravel and to assist in firming. Section 7 - Seed Bed Preparation Sterilization: Sterilization of the root zone mix by fumigation should be decided on a case by case basis, depending on regional factors. Fumigation always should be performed: • In areas prone to severe nematode problems. • In areas with severe weedy grass or nutsedge problems. • When root zone mixes contain unsterilized soil. Check with DAKOTA Analytical, Inc, (refer to section 11) for more information and advice specific to your area. Section 8 - Fertilization Contact DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. for establishment fertilizer recommendations and grow -in procedures. Section 9 — Topdressing and Maintenance To assure the continued success of DAKOTA Greens, a long term program should be implemented of light and frequent topdressing with a 90/10 DAKOTA mix. Also use 90/10 DAKOTA Topdressing mix during cultivating and overseeding to assure the best possible results. Exact percentage of sand/Dakota should be recommended and determined through testing by DAKOTA Analytical, Inc, Testing should occur on a minimum of an annual basis. Other products and practices may result in the greens being susceptible to disease, over use of water, higher rates of fertilization, and drop in overall quality of turf surfaces and lead to environmental concerns. Section 10 - Do not use these products in construction, topdressing, and maintenance because they will result in damage to your greens and tees: • Native and non-native soil • Composts (leaf and yard waste, human waste, animal waste, industrial waste) • Fir bark • Rice hulls • Sawdust • Bio Solids • Sphagnum peat • Unqualified Reed Sedge peat • Hypnum peat • Unclassified peat • Inorganic amendments (fire hardened clay, porous ceramics, calcined clay) • Diatomaceous earth • Straight sand DAKOTA World Putting Green Recommendations Section 11 — Contact Information For agronomic assistance and to submit test samples to DAKOTA Analytical, Inc.: DAKOTA Analytical, Inc. 833 Gateway Drive NE East Grand Forks, MN 56721 Ph: 701-746-4300/Fax: 218-773-3151 lab@dakotapeat.com www,dakotaanalytical.com For blending coordination contact Dakota Blenders Inc.: DAKOTA Blenders, Inc. P 0 Box 14088 Grand Forks, ND 58208 218-793-0303 www.dakotapeat.com/blending To schedule delivery of genuine Dakota Peat: DAKOTA Peat P 0 Box 14088 Grand Forks, ND 58208 218-793-0303/800-424-3443/Fax: 218-773-3151 sales@dakotapeat.com www.dakotapeat.com/peat 0 E E 0 0 0 co U. a % J / \ E a 3 \ 0 E®/ . . . � ...§ . . % b%\ U �®-o ) § $ . E 'o o=o E 0 E// ƒ ( kkE E ® § J f 4)2cr \ § / CL \ E C>�C> 3\ . o 0 \ 0 c § 0 a�=m r \ % 0 = 2 \.» ƒ E _ a)s =) °/2 ~f}} ®§\/ $� �_ meta �o L . _ / °� E � q 10 ) ; 3 ID Ea U- / 2 U ] 2 + ) ƒ% 0 0 02� n 0 R 2 O 3/ �/� o z) mw / 0 k / _ a o 5 E / o >1 Co Dƒ $ � / \/E n/ 0 0 O <m-0\ \ 5ZL © 0 22:7- C14 / _� k ƒ \ _ k 2 Co § a W .0 E c \ c n/ n kƒ co C> ' ' U\ o 0 C/ c\ o R e 6 / a f 5 E o@ a « < _ ® t< & / 3 2 < Cl � D - CD Eu N' E E N / a) / o E E n ° 2 // k 2 n 7 I o$_= o o@ o ƒ � A o o o o/ t k/ t§» s CY)� ce)^/ G 3 � a § F f \ / ZZ < \ k§ m C: zƒ � / ƒ ® f \ k o / a / m 0 / CD ƒ C / / / _ \ ƒ ) /CY) / 7 \ ƒ CD / .2 < 0 e c � w . 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WA SONVILLE 9$076 USA Dakota Peat & Equipment 833 Gateway Dr. NE East Grand Forks, MN 56721 Attn: Robin Dufault Date Received: 06 Feb. 12 Sample Identification: DAKOTA Soil & Plant Enhancer Sample ID #: 2020139 - 1/1 Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Total Nitrogen: 2.7 1.5 % Ammonia (NH4-N): 22 12 mg/kg Nitrate (NO3-N): 800 450 mg/kg Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 2.6 1.5 % Phosphorus (as P205): 0.10 0.059 % Phosphorus (P): 460 260 mg/kg Potassium (as K20): 0.0094 0.0053 % Potassium (K): 78 44 mg/kg Calcium (Ca): 2.7 1.5 % Magnesium (Mg): 0.38 0.22 % Sulfate (SO4-S): 1600 910 mg/kg Boron (Total B): 37 21 mg/kg Moisture: 0 43.6 % Sodium (Na): 0.000001 0.000001 % Chloride (Cl): 0.0057 0.0032 % pH Value: NA 5.81 unit Bulk Density : 9.9 18 Ib/cu ft Carbonates (CaCO3): <0.1 <0.1 Ib/ton Conductivity (EC5): 3.5 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 85.9 48.5 % Organic Carbon: 42.0 24.0 % Ash: 14.1 7.9 % C/N Ratio 16 16 ratio A Index > 10 > 10 ratio Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Aluminum (AI) 1600 - mg/kg Arsenic (As): < 1.0 41 mg/kg Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg Chromium (Cr): < 1.0 1200 mg/kg Cobalt (Co) 0.99 - mg/kg Copper (Cu): 4.9 1500 mg/kg Iron (Fe): 2400 - mg/kg Lead (Pb): 1.4 300 mg/kg Manganese (Mn): 32 - mg/kg Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Molybdenum (Mo): 1.5 75 mg/kg Nickel (Ni): 3.3 420 mg/kg Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 28 2800 mg/kg *Samnle was received and handled in accordance with TMI TEL: 831-724-5422 FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com Account #: 2020139-1/1-7365 Group: Feb. 12 B #2 Reporting Date: February 21, 2012 Stability Indicator: Biologically CO2 Evolution Respirometery Available C Mg CO2 -C/9 OM/day 0.11 0.19 Mg CO2-C/g TS/day 0.095 0.16 Stability Rating very stable very stable Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay 0.0 0.00 Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Emergence (%) 100 100 Seedling Vigor (%) 100 100 Description of Plants healthy healthy Pathogens Results Units Rating Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Date Tested: 06 Feb. 12 --CC procedures. Inerts % by weight Plastic < 0.5 Glass < 0.5 Metal < 0.5 Sharps ND Size & Volume Distribution MM % by weight % by volume BD g/cc > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 9.5 to 16 0.0 0.0 0.00 6.3 to 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.00 4.0 to 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 to 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 < 2.0 100.0 100.0 0.29 Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, 1.35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Materials Analyst: Assaf Sadeh --CC procedures. Account No.: 2020139 - 1/1 - 7365 Group: Feb. 12 B No. 2 INTERPRETATION: Is Your Compost Stable? Respiration Rate 0.11 mg CO2 -C g OM/dad Biologically Available C 0.19 mg CO2 -C g OM/dad Date Received 06 Feb. 12 Sample i.d. DAKOTA Soil & Plant Enhancer Sample I.d. No. 1/1 2020139 Page one of three Is Your Compost Mature? AmmoniaN/NitrateN ratio 0.028 Ratio Ammonia N ppm 22 mg/kg dry wt. Nitrate N ppm 800 mg/kg dry wt. pH value 5.81 units Cucumber Emergence 100.0 percent lVeryMature>j< Mature >j< Immature ++ iVeryMature>l< Mature >j< Immature +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Immature >j< Mature +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 71 < Immature >j< Mature >j< Immature +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Immature >l< Mature Is Your Compost Safe Regarding Health? Fecal Coliform < 1000 MPN/g dry wt. I +++++++ < Safe >j< High Fecal Coliform Salmonella Less than 3 /4g dry wt. +++++++ <Safe none detected >j< High Salmonella Count (> 3 per 4 rams Metals US EPA 503 Pass dry wt. +++++++++ <AII Metals Pass >l< One or more Metals Fail Does Your Compost Provide Nutrients or Organic Matter? Nutrients (N+P205+K20) 2.8 Percent ++++++++++++++++++++++ dry wt J<Low >j< Average >l< High Nutrient Content Aglndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P205+K20 / Na + Cl)) 15 Ratio++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++i Plant Available Nitrogen 4 lbs/ton wet wt. C/N Ratio 16 Ratio +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Nitrogen Release >j< N -Neutral >l< N -Demand> < High Nitrogen Demand Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw 3.5 mmhos/cm ++++++++++++++++++ dry wt. ISIoRelease>l< Average Nutrient Release Rate > <Hi h Available Nutrients Lime Content (CaCO3) 0 Lbs/ton + dry wt. j< Low >j< Average >j< High Lime Content as CaCO3 What are the physical properties of your compost? Percent Ash 14.1 Percent dry wt. Sieve Size %> 6.3 MM 0.0 Percent dry wt. Account No.: Date Received 06 Feb. 12 2020139 - 1/1 - 7365 Sample i.d. DAKOTA Soil & Plant Enhancer Group: Feb.12 B No. 2 Sample I.d. No. 1/1 2020139 INTERPRETATION: Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three Respiration Rate 0.11 Low: Good for all uses mg CO2-C/g OM/day The respiration rate is a measurement of the biodegradation rate of the organic matter in the sample (as received). The respiration rate is determined by measuring the rate at which CO2 is released under optimized moisture and temperature conditions. Biologically Available Carbon 0.19 Low: Good for all uses mg CO2-C/g OM/day Biologically Available Carbon (BAC) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under optimized moisture, temperature, porosity, nutrients, pH and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the pile is optimized for composting. If both values are high the compost pile just needs more time. If both values are low the compost has stabilized and should be moved to curing. BAC test values that are higher than RR indicate that the compost pile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitrogen due to excessive air converting ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitrogen or other nutrients due to poor choice of feedstock, pH value out of range, or microbes rendered non-active. Is Your Compost Mature? AmmoniaN:NitrateN ratio 0.028 very mature Composting to stabilize carbon can occur at such a rapid rate that sometimes phytotoxins remain in the compost and must be neutralized before using in high concentrations or in high-end uses. This Ammonia N ppm step is called curing. Typically ammonia is in excess with the break -down of organic materials resulting 22 very mature in an increase in pH. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia (it smells). Once this toxic Nitrate N ppm ammonia has been reduced and the pH drops, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low 800 mature ammonia + high nitrate score is indicative of a mature compost, however there are many exceptions. pH value For example, a compost with a low pH (<7) will retain ammonia, while a compost with high lime content 5.81 immature can lose ammonia before the organic fraction becomes stable. Composts must first be stable before curing indicators apply. Cucumber Bioassay 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because they are salt tolerant and very sensitive to ammonia and organic acid toxicity. Therefore, we can germinate seeds in high concentrations of compost to measure phytotoxic effects without soluble salts being the limiting factor. Values above 80% for both percent emergence and vigor are indicative of a well -cured compost. Exceptions include very high salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in range when formulated to make a growing media. In addition to testing a 1:1 compost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicity level. Is Your Compost Safe Regarding Health? Fecal Coliform < 1000 / g dry wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial compost piles. Most human pathogens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for pathogen reduction (heat for compost) has met the requirements of sufficient temperature, time and mixing. If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 per gram dry wt. it is assumed all others pathogens are eliminated. Potential problems are that fecal coliform can regrow during the curing phase or during shipping. This is because the conditions are now more favorable for growth than during the composting process. Salmonella Bacteria Less than 3 3 / 4g dry wt. Salmonella is not only another indicator organism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the case of biosolids industry to determine adegpate pathogen reduction. Metals Pass The ten heavy metals listed in the EPA 503 regulations are chosen to determine if compost can be applied to ag land and handled without toxic effects. Most high concentrations of heavy metals are derived from woodwaste feedstock such as chrome -arsenic treated or lead painted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarely a problem. Does Your Compost Provide Nutrients or Organic Matter? Nutrients (N+P205+K20) 2.8 Average nutrient content This value is the sum of the primary nutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. Reported units are consistent with those found on fertilizer formulations. A sum greater than 5 is indicative of a compost with high nutrient content, and best used to supply nutrients to a receiving soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best -used to improve soil structure via the addition of organic matter. Most compost falls between 2 and 5. Account No.: Date Received 06 Feb. 12 2020139 - 1/1 - 7365 Sample W. DAKOTA Soil & Plant Enhancer Group: Feb.12 B No. 2 Sample I.d. No. 1/1 2020139 INTERPRETATION: Page three of three Aglndex (Nutrients/Na+CI) 15 High nutrient ratio Composts with low Aglndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low Aglndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well -draining soils and/or with salt -tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limited by sodium or chloride. If the Aglndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an Aglndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determining compost application rates. The Aglndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industrial wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low Aglndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 4 Low N Provider Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to off- set the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown organic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calculation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied. C/N Ratio 16 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicken manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitrogen, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 3.5 Average salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it degrades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high Aglndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the optimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low Aglndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrients with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, and that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formulating potting mixes. Physical Properties Percent Ash 14.1 Low ash content Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 0.0 Suitable for all uses Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed -starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions to field soils, shrub mixes and mulches. Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to screen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weight organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and concentrations. Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) 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