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HomeMy WebLinkAbout015� ECEuec FFB 2 3 2012 JEFFERSON COuNN Pleasant Harbour Marina and Golf Resort & Spa Dark Sky and Energy Star Approved High Efficiency Lighting Standards By Michael Bornyk Signature Lighting Manufacturing Las Vegas, Nevada, SCOPE This report presents Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting (GOL) for Pleasant Harbor Marina and Golf Resort & Spa (PLHGR) and describes the types of equipment specified to satisfy the guidelines for Dark Sky Lighting Standards. The Dark Sky Lighting Standards have three objectives: To limit visible glare across the Resort Property and adjoining property, and to provide a guide for adequate lighting used for navigation within the Marina area and to suggest lighting policies that may be applied to the Resort boundaries. 2) The intention of these guidelines is to protect the Operations of the Resort from deterioration by surrounding light pollution. 3) The general guidelines for outdoor lighting within the Resort includes Lighting Fixtures and Signage throughout Pleasant Harbor to minimize the impact of artificial lighting on the night environment while maintaining a degree of safety for visitors. Acronyms CF Compact Florescent lamps CO Cut-off luminaires (<2% up -light) FCO Full Cut -Off luminaires (0% up -light or Fully Shielded) GOL Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting HID High Intensity Discharge lamps (LPS, HPS, MH lamps) HPS High Pressure Sodium lamps ("yellow" coloured lamps) LEDs Light Emitting Diodes LPS Low Pressure Sodium lamps (monochromatic, single colour lamps) MH Metal Halide lamps ("white" coloured lamps) NC Non cut-off (no restriction on up -light) SCO Semi Cut-off luminaires (<2% and <5% up -light) Definitions: Glare Intense and blinding light. Causes visual discomfort and can be disability. Landscape lighting Luminaries mounted in or at grade (but not more than 3 feet above grade) and used solely for landscaping and pedestrian pathways rather than any area lighting. Obtrusive light Spill light that causes glare, annoyance, discomfort, or loss of visual ability. Light Pollution. Is uncontrolled light that fails to meet Dark Sky Standards. Luminaire (light fixture) A complete lighting unit consisting of one or more electric lamps, the lamp holder, any reflector or lens, ballast (if any), and any other components and accessories. Fully shielded (full cut-off) luminaire A luminaire emitting no light above the horizontal plane. Spill light Light from a lighting installation that falls outside of the boundaries of the property on which it is located. Usually results in obtrusive light. Zoning and Dark Sky Lighting Code Objectives LZO: No ambient lighting (E0/1) Areas where the natural environment will be seriously and adversely affected by lighting. Impacts include disturbing the biological cycles of flora and fauna and/or detracting from human enjoyment and appreciation of the natural environment. Human activity is subordinate in importance to nature. The vision of human residents and users is adapted to total darkness, and they expect to see little or no lighting. When not needed, lighting should be extinguished. (These are areas such as the Marina waterfront ) LZ1: Low ambient lighting (E2) Areas where lighting might adversely affect flora and fauna or disturb the character of the area. The vision of human residents and users is adapted to low light levels. Lighting may be used for safety, security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily uniform or continuous. After curfew, most lighting should be extinguished or reduced as activity levels decline. LZ2: Moderate ambient lighting (E3) Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to moderate light levels. Lighting may typically be used for safety, security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily uniform or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced as activity levels decline. LZ3: Moderately high ambient lighting (E4) Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to moderately high light levels. Lighting is generally desired for safety, security and/or convenience and it is often uniform and/or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced in most areas as activity levels decline. Crime The most prevalent reason given for night lighting is to reduce crime in cities. This is generally based on the notion that more light improves visibility, and that this visibility discourages criminals. Based on before and after studies of crime statistics, there is no clear evidence that excessive outdoor lighting reduces crime. Vandalism provides an example of the opposite effect of securing lighting than is generally accepted. Studies conclude that lighted areas are more subject to vandalism and graffiti. Anecdotal evidence and more focused studies support the policy of turning lights off when security staff is not around. Apparently, vandals want to see the results of the damage and for others to see it. When lights are off, there is less gratification in vandalising an area or painting graffiti. The Marina/Shorelines Historically Harbor Marinas are more than the mechanics for transportation and recreation. However, they are also important ecosystems such as Eel Grass that supports hatching fish (salmon) for in -water and adjacent shorelines. An increasing number of properties have shore line lighting that illuminates the waterway. This impacts waterways in two negative aspects: From the human stand point; bright lights along the shoreline make it very difficult to navigate the channel. Glare from unshielded shoreline lighting prevents our eyes from becoming adapted to the darkness. At night, a boater will only be able to see the points of light along the shore rendering the channel markers and out -of -channel hazards difficult to see. Clearly, glare along the shoreline results in a safety hazard that is corrected in design at Pleasant Harbour Resort. The second impact is on fish and aquatic plants. The effect of light on fish is not clear however, fish are attracted to the light from their natural feeding depths. The increase in the concentration of fish changes the hunting efficiency of predators. Although the behaviour of the nocturnal predator may not be compromised by artificial light, the ability of its prey to recognize the danger and to escape will affect their survival. Summary The Dark Sky Standards will minimize the effects of artificial light on the Marina Ecosystem. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOLLOWED AT PLEASANT HARBOR RESORT 1. Illumination should be to the minimum practical level, 2. The affected area of illumination should be as confined to specific areas as practical, 3. The duration of the illumination should be as short as practical for Resident Safety. 4. Illumination technology should minimize the amount of blue spectrum in the light. 5. Technology should utilize High Efficiency Lighting Standards (Energy Star Guidelines). PUBLIC SAFETY Extent of Illumination for Pedestrian Areas: By starting the design for illumination that has impact on the nocturnal environment should be minimized by limiting the extent of the affected area. Designing around Trees in a lighted area will significantly restrict the extent of the illumination that is intended to provide Public Safety Therefore, the Resort has provided standards of custom designed light fixtures that are engineered to limit the extent of scattered light, and recognizing the extent of the vegetation. The Designed Lighting: Using Full Cut-off (FCO) fixtures (also called fully shielded fixtures) prevent light from shining beyond the immediate area and up to the sky. Since no light shines horizontally, the amount of glare at a distance from the fixture is significantly reduced . This increases visibility. By reducing glare, eyes of both animals and people can become more accustomed to the darkness where lower illumination levels produce a safe result for public pedestrian pathways. EXHIBIT: Glare/Non Shielded Lighting Pleasant Harbour Lighting Full Cut-off (FCO) Shielded Luminaire The improvement in visibility with FCO fixtures permits the use of lower wattage bulbs that in turn reduces energy consumption. By lowering the illumination levels, less light will reflect off the surfaces. This will also reduces the extent and impact, of the artificial light on the night environment. The next design step is to consider pole heights that are limited to below the surrounding trees or berms so that the stray light will be contained. THEREFORE: 1. All luminaries should use full cut-off fixtures. 2. Fixtures should not be mounted more than 6 meters above the USP grade. 3. The durable shields should be securely affixed to the existing luminaires such that no light shines from the fixture within 10 degrees of the horizon. The Designed Lighting for Duration of the Illumination at Pleasant Harbor Resort: Artificial illumination should not persist past a reasonable time after dark. The Resort's Policy defines "dark time" where illuminated activity and noise is discouraged. (This recognizes that low-level activity may continue after sunset and dusk after which there will be a lighting curfew that is determined by the area of the Resort.) Management will determine a reasonable amount of lighting pre -curfew time based on the season and activity. (such as 3 to 4 hours after sunset). SUMMARY: I. Minimum lighting should be installed for areas with minimal pedestrian traffic. 2. There should be a lighting curfew within 3 to 4 hours of sunset. 3. Timing circuits should turn off many exterior lighting fixtures within the Resort at the beginning of the lighting curfew except where identified by Management. 4. Light detectors that are triggered by sunset should activate the timing circuit to control the light. Manually activated switches should also be available. 5. In areas with high volume of pedestrian traffic that continues after dark; will turn on with motion or off without motion the illuminated pathways. 6) Only Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), compact fluorescent and Low -Voltage incandescent lamps can be switched on for short periods of time. High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps (Low Pressure Sodium and High Pressure Sodium) require several minutes to heat up before they will reach full brightness.(all suggested Lighting fixtures in this report are specified as LED or Low Voltage fixtures or Compact Fluorescent manufactured to Energy Star standards .) 7) The type of light (spectral content) that is specified varies with the location. High vehicle traffic areas require sufficient color content and recognition, and for these areas HPS or LED will meet the requirements, using the minimum practical wattage criteria. UNDERSTANDING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A RESORT • Permit reasonable uses of outdoor lighting for night-time safety, utility, security, and enjoyment while preserving the ambiance of the night; • Curtail and reverse any degradation of the night-time visual environment and visible stars; • Minimize glare and obtrusive light by avoiding outdoor lighting that is misdirected, excessive, or unnecessary; • Conserve energy and resources to the greatest extent possible with LED or Low Voltage; • Protect the natural environment from the damaging effects of night lighting. Use the lowest wattage of lamp that is feasible. The maximum wattage for most commercial applications should be 250 watts of high intensity LED lighting and should be considered the maximum, and where less is preferred • Whenever possible integrate automated lighting control systems or motion sensor for controlled lighting. • Incorporate curfews (i.e. turn lights off automatically after a certain hour in conjunction with motion sensing wherever traffic is minimal). • All lighting installations shall be designed and installed to be fully shielded (full cut-off), (exceptions below), and shall have a maximum lamp wattage for LED of 250 watts (or lumen equivalent) for commercial lighting, 26 watts compact fluorescent for residential lighting (or approximately 1,600 lumens). In residential areas and general Public facilities throughout Pleasant Harbour, light should be shielded such that the lamp itself or the lamp image is not directly visible outside the property perimeter. Lighting that is exempt from these standards: Lighting in swimming pools and other water features 2. Exit signs and other illumination required by building codes. 3. Lighting for stairs and ramps, as required by the ADA and the Building code. 4. Signs are regulated by the sign code, but all sign lighting is recommended to be fully shielded. 5. Holiday and temporary lighting (less than thirty days use in any one year). 6. Tennis Court and Stage/ Outdoor Theatre lighting; steps will have been taken to minimize glare and light trespass, and utilize sensible curfews. 7. Low voltage LED landscape lighting, but such lighting should be shielded in such a way as to eliminate glare and light trespass. 8. Lighting attached to The Resort Terraces should not exceed the height of the eave and be fully shielded. 9. Parking and Bollard height restrictions will only be considered to control light trespass on adjacent properties. 10. After the Age of 40 the Human Eye requires double the amount of light every 13 year, and will determine the Dark Sky Designs for certain areas of Convalescent short-term stay. There is Design Criteria utilizing three zone types throughout the Resort. These include some limitation on the use of non -fully -shielded lighting fixtures for the Maritime Village Commercial Areas as a need for security and signage. The Outdoor internally -illuminated signs must either be constructed with an opaque background and translucent text and symbols, with a color of non white, off-white, light grey or cream symbols. Lighting Fixture Designs for Specified Areas at Pleasant Harbour Resort such as the Lighting for outdoor tennis courts shall be considered Class I (Color Rendition), and shall be exempt from the lumens per acre limits. However, this is specified with a minimum Shielded Lighting non-adjustable heads (Full Cut-ofj7. Lighting Curfews will apply. Parking Lots and Pathways and Internal Roads, and Maintenance Areas and Addresses for the Marina and the Golf Course Units & Surface Parking, Jefferson Transit Stop, Store front Signage will be Full Cut -Off Shielded non-adjustable heads. DISCUSSION: FACTORS AFFECTING LIGHT LEVEL STANDARDS Light level standards are affected by light quantity and quality desired fixture efficiency and other applicable factors. Quantity of light or the light output and light levels is measured in lumens, lux and foot-candles. Initial Lumens/Foot-candles reflect the amount of light produced by a lamp when it is installed. Supply voltage variations, lamp's interaction with the ballast and dirt build up (Luminaire Dirt Depreciation) reduce the produced amount of light. Lessening of light output over time, while continuing to consume the same energy amounts (Lamp Lumen Depreciation) also reduces the light levels of the lamp and wastes energy. Maintained Foot-candles show the light level after light loss factors are taken into account over a period of time. Mean Lumens show the average light output over the lamp's lifetime. When addressing lighting standards, a provision for the light quantity depreciation over time due to multiple factors should be made. Quality of lip_ht depends on the brightness, distribution and light color. Photometric brightness (Luminance) is the amount of light leaving the lamp or reflecting from a surface. It is measured in foot-lambert's, candelas/sq.ft. and candelas/square meter (metric). Brightness can produce levels of glare if not contained properly. Glare that comes directly from the light source is a Direct glare. Reflected glare occurs on the task surface. Discomfort glare does not blind but creates discomfort. Disability glare prevents vision and blinds. Every fixture has a Visual Comfort Probability (VCP) rating that reflects its level of visual comfort. Glare can severely interfere with visual comfort. High brightness rations produce high contrast and can also create a visual fatigue during "transient adaptation:, which is the adaptation process of the eye when brightness changes. Light Color depends on the visible light spectrum and the wavelength composition of the lamp light (Spectral power distribution), the color of the light the lamp produces (Color temperature measured in Kelvin), the way the light source makes the color appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed (Color rendering — Color Rendering Index from 0-100). The higher the CRI is, the better the color rendition appears. An inappropriate color rendition can deceive the eye and supply it with wrong information. Fixture efficiency is affected by two factors. The first factor is the amount of power (watts W) required for the fixture to work at any given time and the amount of light leaving the fixture (Electrical Efficiency). The second is how much light will be produced by the fixture and how much of it will be task efficient (Fixture Efficiency). An inefficient fixture can use the same amount of energy as an efficient one while producing less light. Other criteria affecting the light level standards Activity level in the area can change the requirement of light quantity and quality depending on security concerns and the function that takes place. CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) strives to create safer environments through sensitive design. The concept of Attractive Nuisance is a part of CPTED. The concept reflects the idea that a potentially harmful objects that can draw the attention of a child and raise a desire to investigate or play. Examples: construction sites, equipment, ponds and fountains, tunnels, wells and others. CPTED establishes lighting guidelines based on the risk activity of the area. Visual acuity is the ability to detect a different aspect of detail. Areas that require high security levels of detail differentiation may require high visual acuity. Excessive brightness or insufficient light can hinder visual acuity. High Light Levels and Vision At high light levels absolute sensitivity decreases, contrast threshold increases, the eyes switch to photopic (cone vision) vision. Object recognition depends on the ability of the eye to discriminate differences in illumination within the object and against its environment, not on how bright the scene is. The Recommended Illuminances (subiect to Safety) • Illumination levels at the property line of all parking areas shall range between a minimum of 0.2 footcandles (fc) and a maximum of 1.0 fc with as close to 0.2fc when located next to residential areas. • Mercury vapour fixtures shall not be permitted as a component of exterior design. RM -1 travel trailer park and campground during construction: • Street lighting. All streets and driveways within the campground shall be lighted at night with electric lights providing a minimum average illumination of 0.2fc. Site lighting should not exceed thirty (30) feet (6 meters) in pole height. Site lighting illumination criteria shall be as follows: • Open parking facilities: 0.6 minimum fc on pavement. • Covered parking facilities during daytime: 50fc at entrance(s), 10fc at ramps and corners and 5fc in general parking spaces. • Covered parking facilities during night-time: 5fc minimum at entrance(s), ramps, corners and general parking spaces. • All illuminance uniformity ratios shall be 4:1 (Average/Minimum). CUSTOM DESIGNED LIGHTING FIXTURES FOR THE RESORT Pole Heights are limited to 6 meters above the USP. Specified Dark Sky Approved Fixture Mounting Post Cross -Arms For Fully Shielded Fixtures Intended Use: Architectural Site, Roadway Lighting, and outdoor projects where quality lighting, reducing glare, energy waste and preventing night time light pollution is important. Features: High performance optics Precision designed reflectors, available in 5 different distribution types Full cut-off performance with flat lens Cut-off performance with sag glass lens w" IL Intended Use: Architectural Site, Roadway Lighting, and outdoor projects where quality lighting, reducing glare, energy waste and preventing night time light pollution is important. Features: High performance optics Precision designed reflectors, available in 4 different distribution types Full cut-off performance with flat lens Cut-off performance with sag glass lens r J V- - LED fixtures last 50,000+ hours. That means minimal to no maintenance cost for over 15 years when used on an average of 10 hours per night. When comparing LEDs to conventional light sources the initial cost is higher, but the long term cost is lower. • Mounts easily • Full Cut-off, Fully Shielded LED • High Output LED Light Engine • Maintains 70% of its initial lumens at 50,000 hours • Weatherproof high temperature silicone gaskets • Superior Heat Sinking with Die Cast Aluminum Housing and External Fins • LED lighting offers significant energy savings plus additional savings from greatly reduced re-lamping. Specifications for Pathways and The Maritime Park It is highly suggested that these are fully Shielded fixtures using Led lighting at 3000-4500 k for color rendition and illumination purposes. LZ2 (E2) ZONE To further limit the extent of the illuminated area, bollard post heights that are fully shielded should be limited to below the surrounding trees or berms to a maximum of 2 meters. Dark Sky compliant with a Fully Shielded lamp. RESIDENTIAL ADDRESSES In residential areas, Condo development and general Public facilities throughout Pleasant Harbor Resort, light should be shielded such that the lamp itself or the lamp image is not directly visible outside the property. Fully Shielded Dark Sky Compliant LED Residential or Light Commercial Wall Lights, from as wide as 22 inches to as narrow as 7 inches. Outdoor Wall Sconce with Dark outer layer. Outdoor Wall Sconce with Dark outer Outdoor Wall Sconce with Dark Outer Layer Wall Lighting continued.. Outdoor Wall Sconce Simple Lines available Outdoor Wall Light Greater Protrusion Parking Lots and Maintenance Areas: these are fully Shielded fixtures using LED lighting at 3000-4500 k for color rendition and illumination purposes. LZ2 (E2) ZONE To further limit the illumination the poles are specified to a maximum of 3.5 meters above the USP grades. Shielded Fixtures LED EXAMPLES of Store Signage, Awning Lighting, Public Washrooms All Public Signage lighting installations shall be designed and installed to be fully shielded (full cut-off and shall have a maximum lamp wattage of 250 watts LED (or lumen equivalent) for commercial lighting. In General Public facilities throughout Pleasant Harbour Resort, light should be shielded such that the lamp itself or the lamp image is not directly visible outside the property perimeter All luminaires should use full cut-off fixtures. Fixtures should not be mounted more than 6 meters above the USP grade. Specifications are fully Shielded fixtures using Led lighting at 3000-4500 k for color rendition and illumination purposes. LZ2 (E2) ZONE Kilowatt Comparison by Area of Resort Intersections and Access/Egress Points: Black Point Road, Marina Access Drive, Boat Launch Access, Multifamily Roadways. Standard: Omni Directional Lighting standards (MH, HPS.LPS) with up to 40% lost Lumens Dark Sky Focused Directional with Less than 5 % lost Lumens. Also using timer devices and proximity sensors or Motion sensors so that lumens are maintained at 50% or less from 2 am on unless triggered to return to full lumens. Total Roadway area of approximately 2.6 miles with several sharp turns and rounded areas. Total Light count will be 173 fixtures needed using 250 watt LED Dark Sky Compliant fixtures. Using Photocell with Motion or Proximity detectors on 60% of these will cut KW consumption by 50% from 2 am until Dawn. Dark Sky LED Direct Lighting has almost no Lumen Loss within fixture and has instant response time for Proximity Detectors. All other Lighting Sources have too slow response times for Motion or Proximity Detection. Roadway Lighting using LED Dark Sky Compliant ( only 5% light loss) 250 watt fixtures with Motion detection ,5 hours at 100%. 60% of fixtures running 4 hours from 2 am running at 50 % lumens) Based on 9 hours usage 381 KWH( 173 fixtures x250w x 5 hours + 173 fixtures x 250w x 4hoursx.4 number of fixtures + 173 fixtures x 250 x4 hours x.6 # of fixtures x. 5 lumens)/1000 Roadway KW total Usage using Standard technology Dark to Dawn and with no motion detection and Light Losses (up to 30%) and 350watt HPS fixtures would be Based on 9 hours usage a night 544 KWH. (173 fixtures X9 hoursx350 watt HPS/1000) Golf Resort Buildings, Villas and Maintenance Areas Building Common Area Lighting (Golf Terraces, Alpine Vista, SeaView Villas Maintenance Building and Quarters. Dark Sky Wall Pack will be used for all of these Buildings for common area walkways between buildings for a total of 75. Pathway Lighting or Park Area Lighting (walkways between parking or Road areas using Bollard or Low Decorative Pole Lighting) Dark Sky Approved Bollards or 10 foot pole lamp. Each fixture will be a 150 watt Dark Sky Compliant Led fixture Also using timer devices and proximity sensors or Motion sensors so that lumens are maintained at 50% or less from 2 AM on unless triggered to return to full lumens. Total KW usage Dark Sky LED will be 84.3 KWH. Using other technology you will need 200 watt fixtures. They also will not have the ability to Dim or use Motion /Proximity Detection. Total KW usage will be Standard Lighting 135 KWH Marina Village Reunion House Marina Centre Store Fronts and Exterior Lighting Dark Sky Wall Pack will be used for all of these Buildings A combination of 52- 250 watt Led Fully Shielded light fixtures and 6 -150 watt Fully Shielded Exterior Fixtures These Fixtures will have a Cut-off time at 2 am. Average time of use will be 5 hours per evening Dark Sky LED Direct Lighting has almost no Lumen Loss within fixture Total KWH Count will be 69.5 KWH per evening. Exterior KW total Usage using Standard technology and Light Losses (up to 30%) and 350watt HPS fixtures would be 97 KWH per Evening Individual Resort Residential Units Golf Resort, Maritime Village, Pleasant Harbor House, B&B (For A Total of 900 Exterior Fixtures based on 1 per exterior Exit or Balcony) Dark Sky Fully Shielded Fully Shielded Wall Lights to be used in each Residence. Each will be a 15 watt Led Bulb. Estimate will be that 30% of these fixtures will be on each evening for a minimum of 3 hours. Total KWH count (900 x 15 w x3 x .3) will be a total of 12.15 KWH per evening The KWH Count would be the same using Energy Star CFL Bulbs The KWH count would be 70% higher using regular incandescent Light Bulbs KWH count using Regular 60 watt Bulbs would be 48.6 KWH per evening. Golf Resort Amenities, Recreational Amenities These will be a combination of Fully Shielded and Partially Shielded Led Dark Sky Compliant Fixtures. Some of the Recreational Ares should use Partially Shielded for overall Lighting Range. Total of Fully Shielded 250 watt Wall or Pole lights- 14 These will be operated on average from 9 Pm until 2 am then dimmed to 50% with motion detection in place. Total of Partially Shielded 250 watt Pole Lights — 36 (Tennis Crts, Pool areas, Misc areas. These will be operated from on Average 9 pm until 1 am Total KWH usage for Led Dark Sky Fixtures Fully Shielded. (14 x 250w x5) + (14 x 250w x 4 x.5) + (36 x 250w x 4) Total 60.5 KWH Using Regular Technology the total KWH usage would work out the following. Non Dimming Non Shielded HPS Fixtures for Each Location. ( 14 x 350w x5) +(14 x 350w x 4) + (36 x 350w x 4) Total 94.5 KWH. Again this without the benefit of any Dark Sky Compliance or attributes. Parking Lots, Transit Stop, Misc. Areas All of these areas will use Fully Shielded Dark Sky Compliant Pole Mount Fixtures. Each will use a 250 watt Led Fixture Head. They will run at 100% Lumens for approximately 5 hours per evening (9pm- 2am) then run at 50 % until .5 hours after Dawn (2am-6am) we will use Motion detection after 2 am . Total amount of pole Fixtures needed is 45 at 250 watts LED lighting each. KWH hour's usage (45 x 250w x 5) + (45 x 250w x 4 x .5) Total KWH Usage 78.75 KWH per evening. Using Standard Technology with 350 watt lighting to make up for lighting leakage of 30 % and NON Shielded Fixtures without Dimming or Motion Technology the KWH hour usage per evening would be (45 x 350w x 9) Total KWH Usage 141.75 KWH per evening Total KWH Usage using LED Technology, Dimming ,Motion detection and Using Dark Sky Compliant Fixtures Is Considerably less with the Benefit of Dark Sky Attributes at 686.2 KWH per evening. Total KWH usage using Standard HPS, LPS or MH Technology and Non Dark Sky Compliance is 1060.85 KWH per Evening. DARK SKY STANDARDS AT PLEASANT HARBOR RESORT SUMMARY: The general belief that more light means better safety and security is just a myth. What is needed is the right amount of light, in the right place, at the right time. More light just means wasted light and energy. The Resort will use the lowest wattage of lamp possible. For energy and cost saving purposes, compact fluorescent lamps or LED have been specified rather than incandescent. Whenever possible automate or turn off the lights. LED fixtures last 50,000+ hours. That means none or minimal maintenance cost for over 15 years when turned on an average of 10 hours per night. Although Metal Halide very efficient outdoor lighting system LED is far more efficient in that the fact it is directional and very little light is lost in the Fixture itself. The general guidelines for outdoor lighting within the Resort include Custom Designed Lighting and Signage throughout to minimize the impact of artificial lighting on the night environment. Guest and Patron security and safety is an important consideration, especially in well travelled areas. The Ecology is an important factor for Dark Sky Lighting standards resulting in GREEN HOUSE GAS SEQESTERING WITH THE REDUCTION IN KILOWATTS PER HOUR CONSUMED.