HomeMy WebLinkAboutSpecial Report (041)TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
LAN. DAU~
AssOCiATES
TO'
Martin Penhallegon, PACE
FROM: Diane Brewster
DATE' February 3, 2004
RE:
CRITICAL AREAS RECONNAISSANCE REPORT FOR THE
SECOND CHANCE RANCH ANIMAL SHELTER/KENNEL
JEFFERSON COUNTY, WASHINGTON
INTRODUCTION
At the request of Penhallegon Associates Consulting Engineers, Inc. (PACE), a Landau
Associates wetland biologist conducted a critical areas study, consisting of a wetland delineation and
stream assessment, on tax lot # 701061007 (the site) in Jefferson County near the city of Quilcene,
Washington (see Exhibit E), on January 28, 2004. Donovan Creek meanders across the middle of the site
from approximately its mid-point along Center Road to the northwestern comer of the property. This
approximately 30-acre lot, mostly undeveloped, has one small shed and concrete pad in the northeastern
portion of the site. Two dirt access roads enter the site from Center Road at the northern and southern
ends of the site, and a number of logging roads associated with the May 2003 logging activities traverse
the site. Nearly the entire property has been logged through Forest Practices Application/Notification
(FPA/N) No. 2605356, with only the stream management area in the eastern portion of the site remaining
undisturbed. As part of the FPA/N, a 6-year moratorium was placed on the property. Currently, a buyer
is conducting due diligence in preparation to purchase the property to develop the site as the Second
Chance Ranch Animal Shelter/Kennel and has started the process of lifting the 6-year Forest Practices
Moratorium.
Jefferson County has required several elements involving critical areas on the property in order to
lift the moratorium, including identification of the onsite wetland and stream boundaries, classification of
the wetland and stream, determination of wetland and stream boundaries, and a restoration concept for
areas impacted by logging activities, including a list of recommended native vegetation. This technical
memorandum addresses all of these elements.
METHODOLOGY
Landau Associates biologist Diane Brewster conducted the critical areas field reconnaissance on
January 28, 2004. Wetlands were delineated using the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
~etland Delineation Manual (USACE 1987), and supplemented with the USACE Regional Guidance
130 2nd AVenue South · Edmonds, WA 98020 · (425)778-0907 ° fax (425)778-6409 ° www.landauinc.com
letter on the 1987 Manual (USACE 1994). The routine determination was used because the onsite
wetland area has a homogeneous vegetation, soil, and hydrologic regime. Attachment A provides a
complete description of the methodology used in this investigation.
Public domain resources were reviewed prior to the site visit to determine existing conditions and
potential wetland indicators on the site. During the visit, the project site was walked to identify plant
community types and wetland habitat. Data on vegetation, soil, and hydrology were collected at various
locations in the wetland and wetland buffer although no information was recorded on data sheets. The
wetland edge was determined where the following three parameters were met: 1) the dominant plant
species were considered hydrophytic by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (Reed 1988); 2) soil
was considered hydric under federal definition; and 3) hydrologic conditions meeting the federal wetland
definitions were present or inferred. The wetland boundaries were marked in the field with pink flagging
printed with the words "Wetland Boundary." These flags were not formally surveyed, but the wetland
edge is generally depicted on Exhibit E produced by PACE. The stream course had been previously
mapped by PACE and is also shown on Exhibit E that also shows the critical area buffers and vegetation
restoration areas.
DOCUMENT REVIEW
The Jefferson County area soil survey (McCreary 1975) indicated the presence of hydric soil
(Belfast silty clay loam, wet variant) along the creek, with upland soils (Alderwood gravelly sandy loam
and Quilcene silt loam) on the remainder of the site. Both the Alderwood and Quilcene soil series can
include hydric inclusions (unnamed alluvial cones) (NRCS web site 2001). A review of the Washington
State Department of Ecology (Ecology) electronic Coastal Atlas mapping shows Donovan Creek on the
site, but no wetland habitat (Ecology web site 2004).
FIELD RESULTS
Wetland Habitat
One wetland occurs along Donovan Creek in the eastern portion of the site (see Exhibit E). The
wetland lies along both banks of the creek, with a lobe of wetland extending north from the eastern end of
the creek along Center Road. Most of this wetland lobe, along with two other portions of the wetland
(one located at the northeastern end of the wetland and another at the central-western edge of the
wetland), were cleared during logging. Tree species logged from the wetland include Sitka spruce (Picea
sitchensis, FAC), western red cedar (Thuja l~licata, FAC), and red alder (Alnus rubra, FAC). The ground
was not scraped during logging operations and remnants of shrub and ground cover vegetation were
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observed in the cleared areas. The majority of the wetland occurs within the stream management area that
was flagged prior to logging and was not affected by tree removal or logging operations.
The wetland is composed of palustrine forested habitat and is dominated by red alder with a few
western red cedar scattered throughout. Several snags and downed logs were observed in the wetland.
The densely-growing understory is dominated by salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis, FAC+). The sparsely
vegetated ground layer includes small patches of skunk cabbage (Lysitchitum americanum, OBL),
piggyback-plant (Totmiea menziesii, FAC), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica, FAC+), patches of slough
sedge (Carex obnutpa, OBL), American brooklime (Feronica Americana, OBL), and water parsley
(Oenanthe sarmentosa, OBL). The cleared lobe of wetland had a few mature Sitka spruce trees and
young western red cedar trees, with remnant salmonberry, patches of slough sedge, creeping buttercup
(Ranunculus rel~ens, FACW), western bitter-cress (Cardamine occidentalis, OBL), and western dock
(Rumex occidentalis, FACW+). Understory and groundcover vegetation were mostly lacking in the other
cleared areas, with only a few remnant salmonberry observed. Vegetation observed throughout the
wetland meets the federal definition of hydrophytic (wetland or water-loving) vegetation.
Soil observed in the wetland consists of a black (10YR 2/1) clayey silt loam to a depth of 18
inches below ground surface. Patches of black silt with a high organic content were observed in the
southeastern portion of the wetland. This soil meets the federal definition of hydric soil.
The wetland is located within the Donovan Creek floodplain. Based on a visual evaluation,
groundwater flows downgradient from the southern, northern, and western slopes of this site into the
wetland and Donovan Creek. Several springs and seeps were observed in the area northwest of the
wetland. Wetland hydrology indicators include adventitious roots on the trees located within the wetland,
water-stained leaves, saturated soils, and areas of standing water. Based on these characteristics, this area
meets the criteria for wetland hydrology.
Northwest of the wetland, where the springs and seeps were observed, the FPA/N identified this
area as wetland rather than a stream (the FPA/N stated that this area would be delineated with flagging
and avoided during logging; however, this entire area was cleared with the exception of the big leaf maple
trees). However, during the January 28' 2004 site reconnaissance, a distinct stream channel with flowing
water was observed meandering through the middle of this area. In addition, the vegetation here is
dominated by big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum, FACU), the only tree not logged in this area. The
trees that were logged appear to have been predominantly western red cedar and red alder, as evidenced
by the branches left on the ground. The understory is dominated by salmonberry with frequently
occurring vine maple (Acer circinatum, FAC-) and infrequently occurring wax currant (Ribes
divaricatum, FAC) with an understory dominated by sword fern (Polystichum munitum, FACU) with
patches of creeping buttercup. This area is very disturbed from logging activities, including several
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logging roads, and soils are very compacted with water flowing across the soil surface through this area.
While the vegetation in this area is comprised of both wetland and upland vegetation, the predominance
of sword fern, which cannot tolerate inundation, suggests that this area does not have sustained hydrology
to support wetland habitat and so was determined to be disturbed riparian habitat along the upper reach of
Donovan Creek.
CRITICAL AREA RATINGS AND BUFFERS
The onsite wetland was determined to be a Category II wetland using Ecology's Wetland Rating
System of Western ~Vashington, 2nd Edition, 1993. This determination was based on the presence of
forested habitat less than 1 acre in size with a lack of mature coniferous trees, the vegetative structural
and species diversity of the undisturbed portions of the wetland, the presence of a perennial stream, and
undeveloped buffers (see Attachment B for the completed rating data form). The Jefferson County
Unified Development Code (UDC) has a standard buffer width of 100 ft. for Category II wetlands.
Two ratings have been determined for Donovan Creek on this site. The eastern portion of
Donovan Creek has been identified as a Type 3 stream [defined under Washington Administrative Code
(WAC) 222-16-031] by Jefferson County. The reconnaissance of the stream confirmed this rating given
the stream's 2 ft and wider defined channel and a gradient of less than 16 percent. Upstream from the
wetland, characteristics of Donovan Creek change significantly with a channel less than 2 ft wide that is
undefined for at least 100 ft. of this reach. This portion of the creek flows through the cleared riparian
area and appears to be ephemeral based on the lack of banks and upland vegetation observed in portions
of the creek. Thus, the stream reach upstream of the wetland was determined to be a Type 5 stream based
on its seasonal nature and lack of fish habitat. The UDC has standard buffers of 100 ft for Type 3 streams
and 50 ft for Type 5 streams, with a 5-ft building setback from the edge of any stream buffer area.
Buffer averaging and buffer reductions are allowed for both wetlands and streams under the UDC
under certain circumstances (3.6.8 g. 6 and 8; and 3.6.9 d. 6 and 8). Negotiations must be made with
Jefferson County before averaging or reducing any critical area buffers.
RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
As requested in Jefferson County's Pre-application Conference letter (dated January 16, 2004),
the UDC requires restoration to forested wetlands, Type 3 streams, and their associated buffers due to
damage caused by logging. The riparian buffer surrounding the Type 3 portion of Donovan Creek,
approximately 100 ft along each bank, was marked prior to logging as a Stream Management Zone
(SMZ) and was not damaged by logging activities. However, none of the wetlands were marked onsite
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prior to logging (although the FPA/N indicated that this would be done) and portions of the forested
wetland identified onsite and nearly all of its buffer were cleared. These areas will need to be replanted
with native vegetation. Because the ground was not scraped over most of the cleared areas, it is expected
that the shrubs and groundcover will re-establish on their own. Understory plants observed in the
disturbed buffer include salmonberry, vine maple, wax currant, holly (Ilex aquifolia, FACU), cascara
(Rhamnus 19urshiana), and red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa, FACU). Groundcover species observed
in the disturbed buffer area are sword fern, creeping buttercup, prickly sow thistle (Sonchus aslger), and
trailing blackberry (Rubus ursinus). Other species expected to re-establish in the buffer include western
red cedar, western hemlock, Douglas fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii), dull Oregon grape (Mahonia nervosa),
and red huckleberry (IZaccinium parvifolium), because these were observed in adjacent undisturbed
buffer.
Salmonberry was observed in the disturbed wetland understory layer with slough sedge, western
bittercress, western dock, and creeping buttercup in the ground layer. Other species expected to re-
establish in the wetland include western red cedar, red alder, water parsley, piggy-back plant, and skunk
cabbage, because these were observed in adjacent undisturbed wetland habitat.
We recommend that trees be planted in the cleared wetland and buffer areas to restore the
forested layer that existed prior to logging. Trees are generally planted on 10- to 12-ft centers (that is, all
trees would be planted no closer than 10 to 12 ft from any other tree). A rough calculation of areas to be
restored includes approximately 25,000 square feet (ft2) of wetland habitat needs to be restored (located
on the eastern lobe, the northwestern areas of the wetland, and the western edge of the wetland),
approximately 57,000 ft2 of upland buffer along the eastern and western portions of the wetland, and
approximately 22,000 ft2 of riparian buffer along the northern edge of the wetland.
There are three separate soil/groundwater regimes in the areas to be replanted. In the wetland
area, soils are completely saturated and need to be planted only with species that can tolerate anaerobic
conditions. The riparian area northwest of the wetland has a moist soil regime and experiences seasonal
surface water flows, and the upland has dry soils. Thus, three lists of appropriate trees are provided here
for each regime. In addition, while western red cedar was the predominant tree on this site prior to
clearing, the young saplings are very sun intolerant and the survival rate for plantings in this now open
area is expected to be low. Where red cedar and western hemlock are listed as appropriate planting
species, we recommend that hybrid black cottonwood be planted in the first year to establish shade, then
plant the western red cedar the following year. Hybrid cottonwood is recommended because it does not
produce the "cotton"; it grows quickly, and dies back in a relatively short period of time, allowing these
areas to succeed to its natural state of coniferous forest in a relatively short period of time.
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Wetland trees (approximately 250 trees if planted on 10-ft center or 173 trees if planted on 12-ft center)
Hybrid black cottonwood
Western red cedar*
Riparian trees (220 trees if planted on 10-ft center or 153 trees ifplanted on 12-ft center)
Hybrid black cottonwood
Western hemlock*
Western red cedar*
Upland trees (570 trees if planted on 10-ft center or 395 trees if planted on 12-ft center)
Douglas fir (the saplings planted after logging can be transplanted from the riparian and
wetland areas that they had originally been placed in; they likely will not survive
in these wetter areas)
*Plant in second year
Cuttings of the hydrid black cottonwood will need to be planted before the end of March to
increase their survival rate. Plant cuttings should be stored for no more than 2 weeks and kept moist and
shaded during that time. Cuttings needs to be planted so at least half of their length is buried in soil.
All planted areas will need to be maintained for at least the first two summers after each planting
period. The upland areas will likely need to be watered at least once a week from July to the end of
October (or whenever the winter rains begin). The riparian areas will also need to be watered weekly
from the time the area dries out to the end of October. The wetland areas will need to be checked for
groundwater and watered on an as-needed basis. In addition, red alder and blackberry are pioneer species
and are likely to invade the restored areas. The red alder is a desirable species if its numbers are kept in
check; it will need to be thinned each spring to 12-ft centers to keep it from outcompeting the planted
trees. The blackberry is undesirable and should be cut back in the spring and fall. Ecology has restricted
the use of herbicides in proximity to streams and wetlands, so all thinning and clearing needs to be done
by hand.
USE OF TH~S REPORT
This report was prepared for the exclusive use of the Second Chance Ranch Animal Shelter and
their consultants for the specific application to this project. The use by others, or for purposes other than
intended, is at the user's sole risk. The findings presented herein are based on our understanding of the
project, the City of Quilcene's Critical Areas Regulations, and on vegetative, soil, and hydrologic
conditions observed during a site visit on January 28, 2004. Within the limitations of scope, schedule,
and budget, the findings presented in this report were prepared in accordance with generally accepted
sensitive area investigation principles and practices in this locality at the time the report was prepared.
We make no other warranty, either express or implied.
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REFERENCES
Ecology. 1997. Washington State Wetlands Identification and Delineation Manual. Washington State
Department of Ecology. Publication No. 96-94. March.
Ecology web site. 2004. Digital Coastal Atlas.
atlas home.html. Accessed on February 2, 2004.
http://www, ec¥. wa. gov/pro grams/s e a/S MA/
McCreary, F. 1975. Soil Survey of Jefferson County Area, Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with Washington Agricultural Experiment Station. August.
NRCS web site. 2001. Hydric Soils List, Jefferson County, Washington Area: Detailed Soil Map
Legend. http://www.wa.nrcs.usda, gov/technical/soils/hydric lists/hydsoil-wa-631.pdf. Accessed on
February 2, 2004.
Reed, Jr., Porter. 1988, revised 1993. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: Northwest
(Region 9). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(26.9). Washington, D.C.
Ecology. 1997. Washington State Wetlands Identification and Delineation Manual. Publication #96-94.
Washington State Department of Ecology. Olympia, Washington. March.
USACE. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Mississippi.
USACE. 1994. Washington Regional Guidance on the 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual. U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Regulatory Branch. Seattle, Washington. May 23.
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ATTACHMENT A
WETLAND DELINEATION METHODOLOGY
The triple parameter approach was used to delineate wetlands on the site described in this report.
Methodologies used were from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wetland Delineation
Manual (USACE 1987), the Washington Regional Guidance on the 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual
(USACE 1994), and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) Wetlands Identification and
Delineation Manual (Ecology 1997). These methodologies require evaluating vegetation, soil, and
hydrology to determine the presence or absence of wetlands. A determination of the presence of wetland
habitat was made on this site using the routine delineation method. Data from wetland and upland plots
were recorded on the routine wetland determination data forms to determine the boundaries on the
wetlands.
An area is determined to be wetland if all of the following conditions are met: the dominant
vegetation is hydrophytic, soil are hydric, and wetland hydrology is present. Each of these parameters is
described in more detail in the following sections.
WETLAND VEGETATION
Hydrophytic plants are those species that are adapted to saturated and/or anaerobic conditions.
These plants are typically found in areas where the frequency and duration of inundation produce
permanently or periodically saturated soil conditions. Several indicators are used to determine the
presence of hydrophytic vegetation.
The USACE and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have assigned an indicator status
to many plant species based on the estimated probability of the species existing in wetland conditions (see
table below). Plants with an indicator status of obligate (OBL), facultative wet (FACW), or facultative
(FAC) are considered to be adaptive to wetland conditions. The strongest indicator for hydrophytic
vegetation is when greater than 50 percent of the dominant plant species have an indicator status of OBL,
FACW, or FAC.
DEFINITIONS OF PLANT INDICATOR STATUS
Indicator Status Category Wetland/Non-Wetland Occurrence
OBL- Obligate wetland plants Occur in wetlands, under natural conditions, approximately 99% of the time.
FACW - Facultative Wetland plants Occur in wetlands approximately 67 to 99% of the time.
FAC - Facultative plants As likely to be found in wetlands as in non-wetlands, approximately 34 to 66% of the
time.
FACU - Facultative Upland plants Occur in wetlands approximately 1 to 33% of the time.
UPL - Obligate Upland plants Occur in non-wetlands, under natural conditions, approximately 99% of the time.
NI - No Indicator Assumed to be upland, not given an indicator status.
Source: Reed 1988, revised 1993.
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At each data plot, vegetation is identified. For herbs, shrubs, and saplings, a data plot consists of
an area with a 5-ft radius and for trees a 30-ft radius is used. The approximate percent cover for each
plant species identified at the data plot is recorded. Dominant plant species are determined to be those
that, when cumulatively totaled in descending order of cover, exceed 50 percent of the cover for each
stratum, plus any additional species that individually comprise 20 percent or more of the total percent
cover for that stratum. A data plot was considered to have hydrophytic vegetation when greater than 50
percent of the dominant plant species have an indicator status of OBL, FACW, or FAC
Hydrophytic vegetation also tends to exhibit specific morphological adaptations to saturated
conditions. These adaptations include adventitious roots, shallow root systems, inflated leaves, and
floating leaves. Observed vegetative adaptations were recorded on the data form.
HYDRIC SOIL
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
has defined hydric soil as those soils that are sufficiently wet to support the growth and regeneration of
hydrophytic vegetation. Thus, not all areas having hydric soil will qualify as wetlands, such as soil that
has been drained and no longer supports hydrophytic vegetation. Only when a hydric soil supports
hydrophytic vegetation and the area has indicators of wetland hydrology may that soil be referred to as a
wetland soil.
Hydric soil exhibits distinct characteristics that are directly observable as a result of anaerobic
conditions. These characteristics include'
The presence of organic soil (histosols) commonly called peat or muck. This soil has high
organic matter content (greater than 50 percent) in the upper 32 inches of the soil
· Sulfidic material is present, giving the soil a rotten-egg odor
Water saturation within a specific depth, ranging from 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 ft from the surface
(dependent on soil drainage class, permeability, and texture) for a duration sufficient to
produce anaerobic conditions within the upper 20 inches
Dark soil colors that are quantified using the Munsell soil color chart; dark colors are defined
as those areas where'
- The matrix chroma is 1 or less
The matrix chroma is 2 or less in mottled soil. Mottles, meaning marked with bright
spots of color, in a dark soil matrix indicate a fluctuating water table
- Bluish or grey color, called gley, indicates the anaerobic soil conditions.
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Identification of hydric soil was accomplished by using a soil auger or shovel to dig holes at least
18 inches below the ground surface at each wetland data plot. Direct observation of the soil was made at
these plots. Soil organic content was determined visually and texturally and soil color was determined
using the Munsell soil color chart. Water saturation and/or inundation was also observed. Soil that met
the hydric characteristics for color and saturation were determined to be wetland soil. Other hydric
characteristics present were also noted on the data forms.
WETLAND HYDROLOGY
Areas with evident characteristics of wetland hydrology are those where the presence of water has
an overriding influence on characteristics of vegetation and soil due to anaerobic conditions. These
characteristics are typically present in areas that are inundated or have soil that are saturated to the surface
for a sufficient duration during the growing season to both develop hydric soil and support hydrophytic
vegetation.
Wetland hydrology was considered to be present in areas where observed characteristics indicated
that inundation was present for at least 5 to 12 (12 to 29 days) percent of the growing season. The Seattle
District USACE considers 14 consecutive days of inundation or soil saturation to meet this parameter.
The growing season begins when the soil reaches a temperature of 41 degrees Fahrenheit in the root zone.
In western Washington, the growing season is typically considered to be March 1 to October 31.
Hydrology of the site was determined using direct visual observation of soil saturation or
inundation over the entire site and at each soil data plot to 18 inches below ground surface. Information
was recorded on the data forms. Wetland hydrology was considered to be present in areas of inundation
and/or saturated soil (depending on the soil texture). Positive indicators were also noted, such as dried
watermarks, drift lines, sediment deposits, and drainage patterns. These indicators assisted in evaluating
whether wetland hydrology was present for at least 14 consecutive days during the growing season.
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ATTACHMENT, B
WESTE.RN~ WASH'INGTON WETLANDS R~TING FIEL:D:DATA:FORM
Wetlands Rating. Field Data Form
BaCkground Information:
Name of Rater: (:.;'*'~:?.?..,.,,;~. v?.-, .:. ........ ....~.~,-.
Name of wetland (ifkamwn):
Government Jurisdiction of:wetland: ....
....................
Location: l/4~-Section: .of:l/4:'S: :S-eCtion: ~ ~TownshiP~.~; Range::..
Sources of Information:' ~ ~' "' '~'"' -:'~-' (CheCk ail ~source's m~atapply]~
,, ./. ?. e'
AenaI Photo:: ,</ Sofl:s~.su~ey::, v,..?:- :..~
Site :visit: %(]_ USGS Topo.Map: :~/ ~I:map:~ .......... : ': ::':" ": ~?:' : ~':: '~'
. ...... ;.. ........ -,,- ............ - . ....... ~.:.~....~-...-.... ..: .... .,: -., .:...: : . ..
'Other:_ ................. Describe::
Whe~ The Field Data form m complete :enterCatego~here,
'Q.1. High Quality Natural wetl~and:
Answer this question if you have: a~dequate info~a!ti°n;orexpefience
not :find some°ne with the-expertise t° answer:, the:;questi0ns' iThen, if~e ans;ver
to question.s 1 a, 1 b '.and. I c are-all 'NO:, con,ct the Natural. H'efitage :program:icl
DNR,
ia, Human cau:sed disturbances.
Is--there significant-evidence of human,cansedchangesO:topo~aPhy~
hydrology o f the. wetland., as indicated by any. of~e fOlloW~g:conditions?~:~::~. .. .
Consider only Changes that may We taken' Pl.ace lin the lasts51 decades!iThe
impacts of changes done earlier' haVe probab!y beens:tabilizefland the:wetland:
ecosystem will be .close. . to.. reaching..some new:equilibrium:. :.: ..... that:~yrepmsent.a..:,.
high quality wetland,
la. 1 Upstream watershed >' 12%~: impervious;
I a2. wetland' is ditched.and water flowisnot°bstmctedi
1 a3. Wetland has' been graded, filled,: logged;
I a4. water in .wetland is controlled by dike's~ 'we'irs~:~ete,
la5. Wetland is grazed.
la6. Other indicators 'of'disturbance (listbel°w):'
· :CirCle :.Answe.m:
-yes)go toQ;2
i ~-yes:~go to Q:2:
:Y~s~:: ::go
YES:! go
~ :N:o:: go:to
..
1 b Are.: there l populations ofnon.nativcPlants ~.hiCh are 'curre'h-~ly
more than 10.% of the wetland,., and appear to be-'invadingnafive:p°Pu!ati°ns?
Briefly describe any non-native plant-populations and
Information source(S): ................
I c-~-Is there evidenCe, ofhuman-caused diisturbances:'which~ha~ei'vi:gibly~
degraded water quality. Evidence o f the degradati°n of Water. quality include:
direct (untreated) run°flfrom roads or parkinglots; presence,'°-r'l~i~t°qc
evidence, of waste, dumps; °ily sheens;' the'-smell' °f'°rgartier:chemicals;;: °r
livestock use; BrieflY describe'
Q.2. Irreplaceable !Ecological Functions:'
Docs the wctland:
'have at least 1/4 acre-of organic-soi.ts deep'er than' 1~6: in.¢hes
and the wetland-is, relatively undisturbed;. OR..
[If the answer is NO' because the wetland-is diSturbed 'brie.flY~
describe:
in. dicators of disturbance 'may include:.
- Wetland has been graded,,, filled, logged;
- Organic .so ils on.the:surface are dried, out fo'r' mom tPan half
of the-year;
- Wetland receives .d.irect.stormwater mnofffrom urba-n.or
agricultural areas:];
OR
have ia .forested.class .~eate:rOan: l:aere;
OR
have .characteriStics ofan estuafi,ne system;
OR
h. ave~ floatin~rn°n:'fl°a'tin~beds?: ~ ' ....
. · .,, ; ,: . . .~! ! - , : ;
2a. B-o. gs an:d. Fens
Are any of the' three following conditions:met~f°r~:~e: area°f°rganic~ s°il?~
2a.l. Are Sphagnum. n~o.SSeS a common::gmund co,er (>30°/°).:and ithec0ver°£
invasive species' (See Table 3.)is: tess .than ' :l 0%?
Is the area of'sPhagnum mosses~and deep'°rganics°ils~> t/2.acre?
IS :the- area of sphagnum mosses and deep:orgam¢ sofls:::.¼4/2:acre.?
2a.2. Is: there, an .area of organiC: soil which has .an e:mergentClasS:With::at least
one species 'from Table 2, and cover of:inVaSive:species4s<!i0%:(see Table :3)?
Is the area'of herbaceous plantsa'nd.-deep °rganic S°ils~>~ lt2acm?
· . . -.
Is the area ofherbaceousPlantS~and:deep~:°rganics°ilsll4~i/2acre?:
..
'Y'~S:' go...to'-
'No:....g0;..!.o. !.c:.
yES: .go-tO..Q:~2
. .
'N O :: Po ssible.. C at:if
Contact DNR
_
[!,~¥ES::f..gom.2a '
yes.:GO:to2d. . ~.
YES: categow I
YES: Categoiw':II~
yES::Categou:,I
~YES: ~categO~::iI
~ iNiO::~ Goto 2a:3
26
Table 3 List of inwasive/exotic plant' species fOr-..ques:tion..2:a,I ?eat wetlan-ds),.:.Questio'n
~nature forested-wetlandS),....a_nd.'.Ouesti°n 3.2 (Cat~gor.y. iV-wetlands) ..... .
Con~.monName~
Scmntlfi Name
A gropyron repens
Alopecuruspratensis, A' aequalis
Arcticum minus
Brumus tectorum, B. rigidus,-IL brizaef°rmis, B. ~secatin..us:
B. japonicus, B, mollis, B.. comtnztta't..us; B,, it~:¢rm:is, B. erectus:'
Cenchrus longispinus
Centaurea solstitialis, C. repen& C cyanu& C maculosa
C diJfitsa
Cb'Mum vutgare. .C a~a,e,se
Cynosursus cristasus, C' echinatusl
Cytisus' scoparius
Dactylis glomerata
Dtpsacus sytvestris
Digitaria sanguinalis
Echinoch!oa crusgatli ..
.Etaeagnus augustifOIia
Euphorbiapeplus, E.. esuta
Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensts
Holcus lanatUS, H. motlis
Hordeumjubatum
HYperiCumperf oratum
.Iris pseudaconzs
Loliumperenne. L multiflorum, L temulentum
.Lotus cornicu'!atus
Lyth.rum saticaria
.Matricaria matricarioide~'
Medicago sativa
MeIilotus alba, M. officinaliS
Pltalris a-rundit.tacae
Phlemn pratense
Phragmites australis
Poa compre~'sa, P. patustrts, P. pratensis
Polygonium aVicuIare, P, convo!utus,. P~ cuSpidat~m
.p. lapath~oliUm, P. persicaria
RanuncuIus repens-
Rubus dis'color, R. Ia'ciniatus, R, vestitus,..R., ntacropllyllus
Salsola kali
Setaria viridis
Sisymbrium altissimum, X loeseliL S: officinale'
Tanacetum vulgate
Trifolium dubium, T. pratense, T. repens, 'T.. g~ense
T. subtetraneum, T, t~Ybridium
Cultivated species.:
Quackgrass
Meadow ~Foxtail'
Burdock
Bromes
S:an'dbur:
Knapweeds
Thistles.
Dogtai!'
Scot~s-..BroOm
Orehardgrass-
Teasel.
...
.: :.-Crab'.~ass.
Barnyard :Grass
Russian OliVe
.Spu~ge:
Fes.¢.ue
Velvet-Grass
Foxtail-Barley-
St, John's W0.a.
iyellow.t.ris-
Rye. grass
~'Bi-rdsfoot. Tmfoit.
PUrple Looses'tri£e
Pineapple Weed.
A.lhlfa
SWeet .Clover
Reed..Cana~grass
Ti:mothy
.
Reed
. .
B'hegr..-ass.
Kn.0twe'eds-;
Creeping'ButterCUp
No-nmative Blackbe~es:
· Russian..ThiStte~.
Green :Bristte~ass
Tumble.mustards
Tansy
Ci0ve~
Wheat'. Com,..Barley:, Rye, .ere,
2a.3. Is.. the -vegetation amixture of only herbaceous Plants'and Sphagnum
mosses with no 'scrub/Shrub or forested classes?
Is the area of herbaceousplants, Sphagnum, and'deep organic..
soils > 1/2 acre.?
Is the area of herbaceous plants, .Sphagnum~.-an:d deep organic-
soils ~A-I/-2-acre?
Q,2b. Mature forested wetland.
2b. 1. Does 50% ofthe cover of upper., fora. st canopy'co.r~sist.
trees older than 80. years, or deciduous tree. solder"than...' 50. years?'.
Note: The size of trees is often 'not-.a measure.of age', and'Size. cannot,
be used as a surrogate for-age (see guidance).
2b.2~ Does 5'0% of the cover of forest canopy consist ofevergmentreesolder
than' 50 years., AND is.the: structural, diversity of the forest high as'
characterized-by an additi, onal layer o.f tree's' 20,49-, ~al.l, shrubs 6".~-20!,
tall, and a herbaceous groundcove.r?
2b~3. Does-< 2-5% of the areal cover, in.the herbaceous/groundcove'r.o.r. .
tim. sh'mb la_9_y~r consist of inVasive/eXotic. ~ecies .fr0m the'list, on
Q.2c. Estuarine wetlands.
2c.1. 'Is the wetland .listed as. National Wiidtife~.Refuge' Nati0na!'Park,.
National EstuarY Reserye, Natural Area Preserve, :State Park, or
iEducati ona.1, Enviro.nmentat:.. or Scientific R¢.serves:desigmated. ... 'under'.
WAC 332-30-151'?
2c.2. Is the-wetland > 5 .acres; ..., ........ ....~ ........................... -_.: .............. .,. .... .....
NOte: If. an.area.' contains..Pamhes ofsalt -tolerant Vegetation':~hat':.are
1') less than 600 feet.' apart and.~at are'separamd by.mudflats- ithat~go
on a Mean Low Tide, or
dry
:~)"separated' by tidal. .. channels. . .that. are less'.than.100feet"wide;:
alItlie. vegetated areas are 'to 'be,considemd''toget.her in.: calC'alatingthe':
wetland area':
or is.the wetland 1-5 acres.; .... ............... ..:,.,;.:,.-,.~ ...... ' .... ';." .......... '" ........ " ....... "
oris the.wetland< 1 acre?'- ........ - .................... . .......... - ........ ' .............. , ........ ,"'~, .....
'YES'.: ca'tego~l-
"YES'-: Category-'lI
'NO:: G-o t:o Q'~3.-
5¥ES: Catego~.'l
YES: G'° 'to-. 2b'::3
:~~G~ :to-Q..:.3 '
-YE:S: Category'.'I
NO':- Go.'toQi3.. ~_. .
"YES::..Catego~ i
NO: GO:to2c.2
YES:: Categou I
:YES:-' Oo.:..to 2.e,.3
::YES: Go to.'2cA:
2c.3. Does the wetland meet at least .3' 'o.f the. follo-Wing"4'.efitefi'a:
- minimum eXisting evidence of. human re.tat¢.d di.smrbance-~such-as
diking, ditching, filling, cultivation, grazing or -the presence., ofnon,
nati v e .plan t spec les (see. guidance for definition);
- surface water conn'ecti'on 'with.'tidall .sa!..m..',:ater or tidal freshwater;::
-atleast '75% of the wetland has al 00' buffer'ofungrazed:paStUre,
open water, sllrubor forest;
- has at least 3. of. the following featureS: low.marsh;'Bigh-mavsh;"tidai:
channels; lagoon(S);woody debris; orconfiguous freshWater:wetland.
2c.4. Does-the wetland meet: all of the~four criteria under'2c3?::(above)?
Q.2d. Eel. Grass and.Kelp Beds,
.2d.t... Are eelgrass bedS present? .... . ..................................
2d,2. Are_ their floating or non, floating~ kelp...- bed(s): ........present-wikh'~greater"than:'. ~. .. ~ .... ....
5'0% macro algal cover in_ the 'monih of.August or-:September?: ...... - ..... : .... -..
Q.3. Category I'V wetlands.
3a, Is the wetland: less. than 1 .acre .an.d,
hydrologically isolated an.d.,
comprised &one veget~':ted ¢!assthat is dominated (> 80%areal:cover)
by one species from Table 3 (page !9)'or Tab!e--4 (~:
3b. is the wetland: less than two.acres
.and, hydrologically isolated,
with one vegetated class, and.> 90% ofareal, cover in any-combination-of"
species from Table 3 (page i 9)
3e. Is the-wetland excavated from upland-an---d a pond:, smaller. than: .1 acre
without a surface.'water connection:-to streams,., lakes,, fivers'~ or:other
wetland, and has < 0. I acre of vegetation,
:YES: Catego.~.. 1
NO:Category H
YES: Catego~. !I"
NO:'Cat¢~:iltI
YES:: category t'
NO:..go to. 2d'::2
YES::. Catego'~: ~
NO.:i category: :II'
I-YES:.~. Ca-teg0~- IV:
(~'~.X~go. to: 3¢
i...;i~Y-ES: Ca'tego~ iV'
Table 4, List .of native sPeciesf°r rafing:-Ch't~gCrY:lV i~'~tiands
sci'~nt'ifilc Na'me ....
ju,,cus eff"su, ,
Spirea d°uglasii [: HardHack'~ BUCk Brash I
.... T~ha Iatifolia I :cattait
2:8
0.4. Significant habitat value.
alt questions and enter da'tarequeste:d:.
4a. Total wetland area
Estimate area, select from clmi.ces in. the near-right COlumn, and score in:the
far column'
....... i'" '" ~ ~' {'~ ..... ~: :'~' ..... '%'-'~Z..:~:;: -.-'
.Enter acreage of wetland here: ~.:~ ~.~"acres,. and.: sou'rce:: ~s-,~:~:--~::~-.:-..:..~:?.~:~...-,:~p:.?"::~---~ ............. · ................
4b. Wetland classes: Circle the'.'Wet!and clasSes-~el°¥~-thatquali~':
Open 'Water:-if the. area of open water i.s..> I./4-acre.
Aquatic Beds: if the area of aquatic beds.> ii4 :ac.re~
E.m~rgent: if the area of emergent'-¢lass is'> i/4 acre,
'Scrub-Shrub: if.thc area of scrUb ,S~Ub -class. is.>. 1
........
'ForeSted: if area offo. rested class is > i/4 .ac.re,
_..
Add the. number of wetland classes, above, :that: qua!ifY;and':~e~n
SCore according :to .the-columns a~.right.:
e.g. If there are 4 Classes (aquatiC. beds,open water, emergent- &
Scmb-shrub_)~, ou :wo.uld circle 8 · Oints. in the far ri~t.C-olumn.
4c, Plant species diversity.
For each wetland class (at--fight) that qualifies in
4b above,, count the 'number of different plant sPeCies
you can find that. cover more-than 5%.ofthe.gr0und.
You do not have.to 'name'them.
Score in cOlumn at far right:
e,g, If a wetland has an aquatic bed.class. ..-. with3... : species, an.. ..
emergent cla'ss with4 species.and a scrub-shrub
Class with. 2. species you.woUld circle 2,.2~ and t in-the
:far. column.
NOte: Any plant species wi~ a cover"of> 5%
qualifies for-.points within a ct-ass:,.even:those
t.hat.are' not of. that-class.
C. las..: s
.Aquatic
'Emergem'
.~Scmb-Scmb
F°restedl.
CirclesCores.that'.qualifY
. . .
:>:2.0.0
40.-2:0'0:
'.'i-0.40'
5. t03
1,5
0-.1.- I.
-<'0..,.I.0.
poi.n:t~
'6 5
'4
#of classes Poin.ts. ~
4.-,..;..-.;..:.'.. ..... 8'
'5 ............. ..
i#-:sp;e:ci-.e..s in el:ass .poinl.ts_ ... -
I 0
2 .1
.3 2
>3 -3"
1 0
2:'3 :"1.
-4?5 2.
1'. 'i~ :0' ...~-
2 ........... "i
34 -2'
>4: ':3
..
741 13
'~. Struct-ural diversity.
lftl~e wetland has a forested cia.ss, add-.l point if eachof the'f°llowing.
Classes is present.within the forested ¢lassand is la_zgerthian !/4-acre::
-trees > 50' tail .............................
-trees '2.0'- 49' tall .... - .......... - ............ '
-shrUbs ............... -... ......................
-herbaceous .ground cover'. ..............
Also add I point 'if there:is any "open water-"' or "aquaficbed"-Class
Immediately next to the forestedarea (i..e,-there isno scab/Shrub-or
~etation 'betwe~. _ _ _ __
4e. Decide from the diagrams below-whether:interspersion:between.
- --'9 If:you:think.the
wetland claSses-is high, moderate, low or none-:- . . ..
amount, of interspersi on fal ts. in between. the. diagrams, score ac¢ordingly
(i,e. a modemtel-y .high.'amount of interspersion. W°uid..S¢0rea 4,
While a moderately low amount would score~ a 2)~
4.f Habitat: features.
Answer questions beiO% circN fe'atures that apPlY,alnd-sc°re~t0.':fight:
Is them evidence that the'open or.standing water· was:: caused byl beavers
Is a heron rooke~ located~within .300':?
Are raptor nest'S located within 300".-?
Are there.:at least 3'standing dead ~trees (SnagS)peracre :~eater~ihan
I0" in diameter at "b.re'ast height" (DBH)?
Are there at leaSt 3 downed 10gs Per acre With ai diameter:
> 6" for at least 10' in length?
Are' there: areaS:(vegetated or unvegetated) within thewetland that:are
ponded for at least4 months °ut of ihe'year' and the:wetland has ~n'ot
· qualified as having an.open water ClaSS in Question~4b~ ?
-M'Oderate/. :3 )
L°w.- :1 ':~ ......... ;2
~None.-:0.
'YES =i:.2
YES = ~.i
/~ YES=,i
30
4g. Connection to 'streams,. (Score. one.. ...... answer.....: :.. only,)-.. .
4g,1. 'Does the wetland, provide, habitat.-for fish.at anytime- o~fthe ye.ar-AN.D:
does it have. a perennial.surface water. . conne'etion toa'fish:beafing~stmam.... .~ . ... .
4g~2 Does 'the wetland provide fishhabitat seasonally:.AND'd°es.'it:ihave-
a seasonal surface-water c. onn.e'cti-o'n' .to a fiSh'bearing: stream,
4g.3 Does the wetland fun'ction to'export' organic, ma~ter through .a:surfac'e.
water connection at. all times of the year to' a.-perennia!stream:
4g.'4 'Does the wetland functi°n to export .organic.ma:tter t!~rough a.:surface
water connection to astream on.a s-easonal_, basiS? ..............
4h. Buffers.
Score the existing buffers on a 'Scale of 1.-5' based on.the, f°llowi, ng four: descriptions..
If tI.~e- condition of'the buffers...do not exactlY'-match '-the description,:, score-..eittler 'a..
point higher or lower depending'°n''whe:ther:'the buffers are:'ieSs°r' more. degraded~
'Forest, scrub, native grassland, or .open water-buffersare, lpresent~-~or
more than I00'aroUnd 95% .ofthecircumferenCe,
Forest, scm'b-,., native'grassland,. . or open water'buffers. ....... wider'than. ............ IO0'
for more than 1/2 of the.wetland circmnference,'.or:a forest,:semb,
grasslands, or open waterPuffers .'for'm0re?than 5'0~-amund..:95'.' %'Of the
circumference,
Forest, scrub, native..grassland,: or open Water buffers Wider:than t 00"
for. more'than 1/4 of the.wetIand circumference,, o'f.,a'.forest, scm.b,-native..
grassland, or open water buffers, wider-t.hal~ 50." for ~0r¢ than.-t./2 of-the
wetland circumference,
.
No roads, buildings or. paved, areaSwithi, n-I00' .of"the~wetland- f°rmore:ithan~
95% of.the wetland-circumference.
No roads, buildings or paved areas-Within 25.~ of'thewetland for. more
than 95% of the circumference:, or
" ~50 vft.he.wetta ~ d. for more than-
'N° roads bull.dings or:paved'areas. withi.n '''~': ' ...... n" . .......
t./2 of:the wetland circumference.
Paved areas, industrial areas- or..residentiaI-¢onstmcti0n.'(with' tess than 50'
between ho:u'ses)are less th:an .25'.feet fr°m the we:tland f°'rm°re than 95 ¥0
of the circumference of tBe wetland.
'
yES' =::4:
::YES' =4
.....
'Score ':=-::3:
Sco. re.=:2
Scorn.:=- 2
S-com.: =:.'1.
..-.-: ..:..
Score'---O
..
4i. Connection to other habitat-areas:
Select the description', which best.matChes.the site being-e.¥aluated.
-Is the wetland connected to, or partof, a riparian comdor at-least IO0.-..'w~d-'
connecting two or more wetlands;-or~ ~s.there:. an upland.. ~. connects.on.........:.. -..'..pre'sent'~"-.100
wide with-good forest or shm'b cover .(>2 5% cover): . connecting':it.-Mth' a
Significant Habitat Area?
4s the wetland connected to any other Habitat .......... Area with either.., l)'a ..... forested/shrub.
co.rridor < 100' wide, or 2') a corri, dor t.hat~ iS->' lO0'wide, buthasa: Iow:-vegCtative:
cover less than 6 feet in Fei'ght?
-Is the wetland connected t'o, or a .pa~ of., a riparian..corfidor'between .50.- 1.00':wide
with scrub/shrub or.forest cover, conneCtion to other wetlands?
- Is'the wetland connected to any other 'Habitat Area.-'-with .n'arrow e°~idor (<1-:00!)
of low vegetation (< 6' in height)?
· - ts 'the wetland and its buffer (ifthe buffer is Iess-than 5'0'~: Wide') comPletelYisotated
by development (urban, residenti:al, with:a densi~':greater than 2tacre, o:r'.'industrial)?
Now add the. scores circled (for-Q,.Sa--.Q, Si .above) to. get. a ito.tal:i,
:YES: :=,:.5
Yes.'=' 3
.
Yes=:.0,
l's tl~e Total greater than o'r eq:Ualto 22 :p0ints?
YES.= Catego~: Iii
NO: =. Category'IlI..
32
EXHIBIT E
STREAM / WETLAND DELINEATION
AND BUFFER AVERAGING
701064006
NOTE:
1. ENTIRE TAX LOT # 701061007 HAS BEEN LOGGED
OUTSIDE STREAM AND WETLAND. DECIDUOUS TREES
WERE LEFT THROUGH PROPERTY.
2. SITE SIZE: APPROX. 30 ACRES
. SOURCE OF TOPO: USGS
. APPROX. 6.13 AC OF STREAM/WETLAND AND BUFFER AREAS,
ABOUT 2.0 AC ARE UNDESTuRBED.
Legend
Add {o buffer = 0,50 AC (approx.)
iRemove from buffer = 0.50 AC (approx.)
Buffer = 6.13 AC {approx.)
WelJand