HomeMy WebLinkAboutFINAL_JCSA ESP
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PLAN
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
Port Townsend, Washington
Prepared for:
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
112 Gun Club Road
Port Townsend, Washington 98368
Prepared by:
URS Corporation
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500
Portland, Oregon 97201
(503) 222.7200
March 2015
Project No. 25698244
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
Environmental Stewardship Plan
Project No.: 25698244 i
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March 5, 2015
Project No. 25698244
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
112 Gun Club Road
Port Townsend, Washington 98368
Attention: Mr. Don McNees, President
Subject: Environmental Stewardship Plan
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
Port Townsend, Washington
Dear Mr. McNees:
URS Corporation (URS) is pleased to submit this Environmental Stewardship Plan (ESP) to the
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association (JCSA) for the small arms training facility near Port
Townsend, Washington. The JCSA small arms facility includes the Trap Range, 50 Yard Range,
100 Yard Range, 200/300 Yard Range, and Pistol Range. The JCSA has been operating at the
current location since 1962.
This ESP provides guidance for environmental management of the small arms firing ranges located
on Gun Club Road, Port Townsend, Jefferson County, Washington. The small arms firing ranges
are operated by the JCSA on property owned by Jefferson County.
This ESP was developed from information collected during a site visit conducted on November 7,
2014 and information provided by the JCSA. Implementation of the ESP will include the
participation of JCSA and personnel responsible for the operations and maintenance of the ranges.
URS can provide training for the implementation of the ESP to JCSA officers and specified
designees. This work was performed in accordance with the scope of work included in the October
3, 2014 Professional Services Agreement.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide our services for your project. If you have any questions or
request further information, please feel free to contact us at (503) 478.2764.
Sincerely,
Kimberly Degutis, PWS Scott Kranz, RG
Environmental Scientist Senior Project Manager
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
Environmental Stewardship Plan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................................. 2
1.2 MANAGEMENT APPROACH ....................................................................................... 2
2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ........................................................................................... 3
2.1 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 TOPOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 4
2.3 LAND USE ............................................................................................................... 4
2.4 SOIL ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.5 GEOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 6
2.6 HYDROGEOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 6
2.7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ......................................................................................... 7
2.8 WETLANDS AND SURFACE WATER FEATURES ........................................................... 9
3.0 RANGE FACILITIES AND CURRENT OPERATIONS .................................................... 10
3.1 OUTDOOR RANGES ................................................................................................ 10
3.1.1 Pistol Range ............................................................................................. 10
3.1.2 50 Yard Range ......................................................................................... 11
3.1.3 100 Yard Range ....................................................................................... 12
3.1.4 200/300 Yard Range ................................................................................ 13
3.1.5 Trap Range .............................................................................................. 13
4.0 RECOMMENDED BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR OUTDOOR RANGES ..... 14
4.2 PREVENT LEAD ACCUMULATION IN WETLANDS AND WATER .................................... 18
4.3 INSTALL BALLISTIC SAND ON BULLET IMPACT BERMS .............................................. 18
4.4 ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN VEGETATIVE GROUND COVER ........................................ 18
4.5 SOIL PH MONITORING ............................................................................................ 19
4.6 BULLET ACCUMULATION INSPECTION ..................................................................... 20
4.7 RECORD LEAD RECYCLING .................................................................................... 20
4.8 PERSONAL HYGIENE .............................................................................................. 21
4.9 OPTIONAL BMPS FOR OUTDOOR RANGES ............................................................. 21
5.0 PREVIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS ..................................................................... 22
6.0 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 24
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 25
LIMITATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 27
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TABLES
Table 2.0: Average Monthly Climate Data for Port Townsend, Washington ................................. 3
Table 2.4: Soil Types Mapped on the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association Parcel ............ 5
Table 2.7: Listed Species within the Vicinity of the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
Parcel ..................................................................................................................... 7
Table 4.2: Recommended Native Seed Mix and Application Rate .............................................. 18
Table 4.3: Measured Soil pH at Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association .............................. 19
FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Site Plan
Figure 3 NRCS Soil Map
Figure 4 National Wetland Inventory Map
APPENDICES
Appendix A Photo Log
Appendix B Range Inspection Forms
B-1 Range Monitoring Forms
B-2 Soil pH Monitoring Form
B-3 Bullet Recovery Form
B-4 Rounds Fired Form
Appendix C Range Signs
Appendix D Lead Fact Sheet
Appendix E Lime Amendment Information
Appendix F Shotgun Wad Collection Information
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
bgs below ground surface
BMP Best Management Practice
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
ECOLOGY Washington State Department of Ecology
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESP Environmental Stewardship Plan
ITRC Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council
NHD National Hydrography Dataset
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service
NSSF National Shooting Sports Foundation, Inc.
NWI National Wetlands Inventory
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
RCRA Resource Conservation Recovery Act
URS URS Corporation
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
WRCC Western Regional Climate Center
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ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PLAN
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
Port Townsend, Jefferson County, Washington
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Environmental Stewardship Plan (ESP) was developed by URS Corporation on behalf of
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association (JCSA) for the small arms facility located on Gun Club
Road near Port Townsend, Jefferson County, Washington (Figure 1). The JCSA small arms facility
includes the Trap Range, 50 Yard Range, 100 Yard Range, 200/300 Yard Range, and Pistol
Range, which have been in operation since 1962. The JCSA is located west of Gun Club Road on
Jefferson County Parcel Number 001083012. The JCSA leases approximately 40 acres of the
Parcel from Jefferson County. The Parcel is zoned by Jefferson County as an “essential public
facility – waste management” (JCSA, 2014). Land use is described by Jefferson County as
“miscellaneous services”. (JCSA, 2014).
This ESP describes site-specific “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) for the management of lead
and other range-related materials at the outdoor small arms firing ranges. This ESP was prepared
in accordance with the following guidance documents:
Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Region 2, (EPA, 2005);
Environmental Management at Operating Outdoor Small Arms Firing Ranges, The Interstate
Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC, 2005);
Environmental Aspects of Construction and Management of Outdoor Shooting Ranges,
National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF, 1997); and
Army Small Arms Training Range Environmental Best Management Practices, U.S. Army,
2005.
Site inspection of the JCSA facility was performed on November 7, 2014. The purpose of the site
inspections was to identify current environmental conditions at the JCSA facility and to assess
standard range operations and maintenance procedures. The results of the site inspection were
used to develop site-specific BMPs for the JCSA small arms range, in accordance with currently
accepted practices for range management. The BMPs consist of a series of practical measures
and procedures for the ongoing management of lead and range-related materials at the facility.
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
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1.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this ESP is to provide the JCSA range managers and operators with cost-effective
procedures to prevent environmental impacts associated with outdoor range operations, including
procedures to assist range managers in maintaining compliance with applicable local, state, and
federal regulatory requirements, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
the Clean Water Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements.
Specifically, this ESP is designed to:
Assess the physical setting of the outdoor ranges;
Evaluate operations at the outdoor ranges;
Design BMPs to prevent transport of lead into the surrounding environment through erosion,
groundwater transport, and/or surface water runoff;
Design BMPs to reduce range users’ exposure to lead and encourage good hygiene practices;
Minimize the potential for human and wildlife exposure to lead and range materials; and
Develop policies and procedures for the long-term management of lead at the outdoor ranges.
1.2 MANAGEMENT APPROACH
This ESP was developed to outline a management approach with the following primary objectives:
1. Control and contain lead bullets, bullet fragments, and/or lead shot.
2. Prevent migration of lead into subsurface soils, groundwater, surrounding water bodies, and
wetlands.
3. Prevent human and wildlife exposure to lead and range materials.
4. Document lead and range material management activities and maintain records.
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
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2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The environmental setting of outdoor ranges can affect the potential for lead migration from range
areas. Environmental setting conditions including climate, topography, soil, and geology, were
evaluated to determine the potential for lead in bullets to degrade, oxidize, or erode and be
transported through erosion or infiltration. The presence of potentially sensitive resources (e.g.
nearby land uses, groundwater, and surface water bodies) was investigated to determine if there is
a potential for lead from the JCSA to migrate to these resources.
2.1 CLIMATE
The climate of Jefferson County is a mid-latitude, west coast marine type with comparatively cool,
dry summers and mild but wet and cloudy winters. There are distinct differences between the
climate on the windward and leeward slopes of the mountains and between the alpine areas in the
higher elevations and the coastal plains. The northeastern corner of the county is located in a part
of the driest area of western Washington. With much of the county close to the ocean,
temperatures show small diurnal and day-to-day change (USDA, 2014).
In late fall and winter, storm centers crossing the north Pacific follow a more southerly path, striking
coastal areas at frequent intervals. Air reaching the coast is moist and near the temperature of the
ocean surface. The air cools and condenses as it moves inland and rises along the windward or
southwestern slopes of the mountains. Warming and drying of the air as it descends along the
leeward or northeastern slopes of the mountains produces a small dry belt frequently referred to as
the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains. Due to topography and location, precipitation can show
marked changes within short distances.
The average annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches (760 to 1,145 millimeters) in the
Puget Sound. This region is dry in summer. The average annual temperature is 45 to 55 degrees F
(7 to 13 degrees C) in most of the region. The freeze-free period is as long as 365 days along the
coast in the southern part of the region. Monthly climate data for the Port Townsend area is
summarized in Table 2.0.
Table 2.0: Average Monthly Climate Data for Port Townsend, Washington
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average Maximum
Temperature (°F) 1
44.5 47.7 51.5 56.7 62.4 66.9 71.4 71.5 66.9 58.2 50.2 45.7
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Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average Minimum
Temperature (°F) 1
36.0 37.1 38.6 41.6 45.6 49.3 51.6 51.8 49.3 45.2 40.4 37.4
Average Total
Precipitation (in.) 1
2.21 1.64 1.60 1.38 1.53 1.28 0.75 0.80 1.08 1.54 2.39 2.55
Average Total
SnowFall (in.) 2
1.7 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.2
1 Source: High Plains Regional Climate Center – Port Townsend, Washington monthly precipitation
2 Source: High Plains Regional Climate Center – Port Townsend, Washington monthly snowfall
Precipitation can increase the potential for lead migration from areas of lead accumulation. High
levels of annual precipitation result in faster weathering of lead and an increased potential of lead
migration in solution. Climate data for the project area indicates the JCSA receives a low to
moderate amount of annual rainfall, averaging approximately 20 inches per year.
2.2 TOPOGRAPHY
Topography at the JCSA Parcel is relatively flat with a slight depressional nature leading to the
southeast. The Parcel sits on top of a localized plateau on the Quimper peninsula, to the northwest
of the Olympic Peninsula and within the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountain range. Elevation at
the JCSA is approximately 200 feet above mean sea level (msl). The Parcel is located outside of
any recognized FEMA flood hazard areas (within Zone X) (FEMA 2014).
2.3 LAND USE
The JCSA range is approximately 40 acres. It is operated by the JCSA on land owned by Jefferson
County. The small arms facility has been in operation at this site since 1962. The JCSA facility
includes a clubhouse, a training / classroom building, a garage for storage and covered shooting
lines. Approximately half of the range property has been cleared and is now mown field; the other
half remains treed with primarily second growth fir trees interspersed with low brush including salal,
huckleberry and blackberry.
The Range property is bordered to the east by smaller parcels and single family homes located
between the range and Jacob Miller Road. North and east of Jacob Miller Road are smaller
wooded parcels and single family homes. To the west of the range are Jefferson County facilities
including the animal shelter, recycling center, transfer station and landfill; and to the south the
property is bordered by the JCSA.
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
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Adjacent land uses also include the Jefferson County Equestrian Association to the west, a trail
system to the west and south and agricultural lands to the south. The Parcel is zoned by Jefferson
County as an “essential public facility – waste management”.
Range areas are kept maintained through regular mowing operations. The Trap Range targetfall
area is also kept as a maintained area. The Trap Range shotfall zone is located within second
growth forest, as defined on Figure 2.
2.4 SOIL
Soil information for the Parcel was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey for Jefferson County, Washington.
The USDA soil survey consists of soil classification, estimation of soil permeability, and sample
collection from each soil unit for mapping purposes. Onsite soils are predominantly mapped as
Clallam gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes (CmC) (USDA NRCS, 2014). Descriptions and
characteristics of soil types identified on the Parcel are summarized in Table 2.4 and presented on
Figure 3.
Table 2.4: Soil Types Mapped on the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association Parcel
Soil Map
Unit
Surface (A and B
Horizons) Subsoil Drainage Surface pH Hydric
Soil1
Clallam
gravelly sandy
loam, 0 to 15
percent slopes
(CmC)
Gravelly sandy loam (0-3
in)
Very gravelly sandy laom
(3-23 in)
Gravelly sandy
loam (23 – 60 in)
Clallam gravelly
sandy loam is well
drained and
permeability is very
low to moderately
low
5.2 – 5.4 No
Dick loamy
sand, 0 to 15
percent Slopes
(DcC)
Loamy sand (0-4 in)
Loamy sand (4-37 in)
Stratified sand to
loamy sand (37 –
6 in)
Dick loamy sand is
somewhat
excessively drained
and permeability is
high to very high
5.6 – 6.2 No
Hoypus
gravelly loamy
sand, 0 to 15
percent slopes
(HuC)
Gravelly loamy sand (0-10
in)
Gravelly loamy sand (10-26
in)
Gravelly loamy
sand (26-60 in)
Hoypus gravelly
loamy sand is
somewhat
excessively drained,
permeability is high
to very high
5.3 – 5.9 No
Notes: 1 Hydric soils are defined as those soils that are sufficiently wet in the upper part to develop anaerobic conditions during the growing
season. Soil types are identified on the National Hydric Soils List by State for Jefferson County, Washington (USDA NRCS, 2014)
in = inches Source: NRCS, 1975
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
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As summarized in Table 2.4, soils on the Parcel generally consist of loamy sands and are well-
drained. Soil characteristics that may affect the potential for lead to migrate include soil pH,
permeability, and soil particle size. Soil samples collected from the Range target berms and floors
during site inspections are analyzed for pH. The results of the soil pH analysis will be used to
determine if soil amendment is necessary.
All of the soils mapped on the Parcel are complexes of intricately mapped individual units too finely
combined to map independently. There are no hydric soils mapped on the Parcel. Past agricultural
practices or other land disturbances due to construction may also alter currently existing soil types.
2.5 GEOLOGY
The Parcel is located in the Willamette and Puget Sound Valleys Major Land Resource Area
(MLRA), a part of the Northwestern Forest, Forage and Specialty Crop Region of the Puget Trough
Section of the Pacific Border Province of the Pacific Mountain System. (USDA 2014). The oldest
exposed rocks in this area are volcanics of the lower and middle Eocene Crescent Formation. In
Eastern Jefferson County the Crescent Formation is dominated by basalt flows and mudflow
breccias, but also contains basaltic conglomerate, breccia, and minor argillite. Interbedded with
and overlying the volcanics in Eastern Jefferson County are Eocene and Oligocene sedimentary
rocks. The detrital sedimentary rocks are indurated and require secondary porosity and
permeability to store and transmit water (E&E, 2011). The Parcel is underlain by unconsolidated-to-
poorly consolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel and lodgment till of Quaternary age. The maximum
thickness of Quaternary sediments probably exceeds 2,000 feet.
The range is located upon Fraser-age continental glacial till from the Pleistocene era. Stratified
sand and gravel are seen in scattered outcrops of the lodgment till, but the permeable layers and
lenses of sediment make up only a small proportion of the total unit. Subsurface geology includes
unsorted, unstratified, highly compacted mixtures of clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders deposited
by glacial ice. Layers may contain interbedded stratified sand, silt and gravel. This area includes
parts of the Vashon drift undivided. (WDNR, 2014).
2.6 HYDROGEOLOGY
Groundwater in the vicinity of the Parcel generally ranges approximately from 200 to 250 feet
beneath the ground surface (Ecology, 2014). Groundwater is plentiful in glacial and alluvial
deposits around the Quimper peninsula region. Regional groundwater flows are generally towards
the southeast to the Glen Clove area. Local groundwater flow directions may differ depending on
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local topography and subsurface conditions. There is no water well on the property; the JCSA is
plumbed to the local public water supply.
2.7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The Willamette and Puget Sound Valleys MLRA is characterized by a cover of forest vegetation in
many places. Douglas-fir is the dominant tree species. Bigleaf maple, western red cedar, and
grand fir also are common. Red alder is aggressive on disturbed sites in Washington. Stands of
cottonwoods and willows grow on overflow channels, streambanks, and islands. Forest understory
species include tall Oregon-grape, Indian plum, snowberry, hazel, oceanspray, serviceberry, rose,
poison oak, swordfern, dwarf Oregon-grape, and thimbleberry.
Major wildlife species in this area include black-tailed deer, coyote, bobcat, beaver, rabbit,
pheasant, ruffed grouse, California quail, owls, and woodpeckers (USDA 2014).
A search of the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s data report for listed species within Jefferson
County, Washington identified the following plants and animals with the potential for being found on
or within the immediate vicinity of the range. Most habitat types required by these listed are very
specific, and none are reported found on the range.
Table 2.7: Listed Species within the Vicinity of the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association Parcel
Name Status Habitat Potentially at Site? Reference
Short-tailed
albatross
(Phoebastria
albatrus)
Endangered
Marine bird that nests on
islands associated with
Japan
Not likely – suitable habitat not
present on Parcel
74 FR 23739
23741
Yellow-billed
Cuckoo
(Coccyzus
americanus)
Threatened
Wooded habitat with dense
cover and water nearby,
including woodlands with
low, scrubby, vegetation,
overgrown orchards,
abandoned farmland, and
dense thickets along
streams and marshes.
Not likely – suitable habitat not
present on Parcel
79 FR 67154
67155
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Name Status Habitat Potentially at Site? Reference
Northern spotted
owl
(Strix
occidentalis
caurina)
Threatened
Forest stands with
moderate to high canopy
closure (60 to 90 percent),
multi-species canopies of
several tree species of
varying size and age, but
with large overstory trees;
large standing and fallen
dead trees; high incidence
of large trees with various
deformities; and, sufficient
open space among the
lower branches to allow
flight under the canopy
Not likely – suitable habitat not
present on Parcel
77 FR 71875
72068
Marbled murrelet
(Brachyramphus
marmoratus)
Threatened
Mature or old-growth forest
stands near the coastline or
multistoried canopy,
moderate to high canopy
closure or an open crown
canopy, large snags, and
numerous downed snags in
all stages of decay. Tend to
nest in the oldest trees in
the stand. May nest in
remnant old-growth trees or
groves that are surrounded
by younger trees.
Not likely – suitable habitat not
present on Parcel
76 FR 61599
61621
Bull Trout
(Salvelinus
confluentus)
Threatened
Cold waters that do not 59
to 64 degrees (F). Require
stable stream channels,
clean spawning and rearing
gravel, complex and
diverse cover, and
unblocked migratory
corridors
No – habitat not present on
Parcel
79 FR 52741
52743
Leatherback sea
turtle
(Dermochelys
coriacea)
Endangered Open marine waters,
forage in coastal waters.
No – suitable habitat not present
on Parcel
76 FR 47133
47139
Green sea turtle
(Chelonia
mydas)
Threatened
Found in fairly shallow
marine waters inside reefs,
bays, and inlets. Lagoons
and shoals with an
abundance of marine grass
and algae. Open beaches
with a sloping platform and
minimal disturbance are
required for nesting
No – suitable habitat not present
on Parcel
79 FR 42687
42696
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No Federally Threatened, Endangered or Candidate species are likely to occur at the JSCA facility
because suitable habitat is not present.
2.8 WETLANDS AND SURFACE WATER FEATURES
A review of the National Wetlands Inventory data was performed to obtain information on both
surface water features and wetlands on and in the vicinity of the JCSA. The National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) data was developed from several sources, including review and analysis of several
years’ worth of aerial imagery, review of Soil Survey reports for the Jefferson County area and spot
checked ground truthing studies to confirm initial classifications. No wetlands on the NWI are
mapped on the JCSA parcel (See Figure 4).
A review of both of the Washington Department of Ecology’s website and the Jefferson County
website for environmentally sensitive areas mapped on the JCSA parcel was conducted. Neither
website mapped wetlands nor other environmentally sensitive areas on the JCSA parcel.
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3.0 RANGE FACILITIES AND CURRENT OPERATIONS
The description of range facilities and operations was developed from the November 7, 2014 site
inspection, review of aerial photographs, tax lot maps, Jefferson County land use maps and
interactive GIS website, and USGS-topographic maps. A site inspection was conducted on
November 7, 2014, and included a visual inspection of the entire JCSA Range. The primary focus
of the site inspection was to assess the physical setting at the JCSA facility, and to identify areas of
lead accumulation and the potential for lead migration. In addition, the site inspection defines the
baseline conditions for evaluation of BMP effectiveness and operational changes.
3.1 OUTDOOR RANGES
The existing outdoor ranges are operated on an approximately 40 acre area. The range facilities
include:
Pistol Range
50 Yard Range
100 Yard Range
200/300 Yard Rifle Range
Trap Range
3.1.1 Pistol Range
The Pistol Range is located near the center of the site, south of the 50 Yard Range and the 100
Yard Range and west of the 200/300 Yard Range (Figure 2). The Pistol Range is designed for
pistol training activities, active shooting practice. target shooting, and practical shooting matches.
The Pistol Range has a firing line shed, with the direction of fire west into a bullet impact berm
(Appendix A, Photos 1 and 2). An underground drain is located at the base of the bullet impact
berm and extends through the berm to a low area on the backside of the berm, and runs north
towards the 50 Yard Range. The drainage feature directs runoff on the Pistol Range to the north, to
a ditch on the 50 Yard Range.
The Pistol Range includes three separate shooting bays and a firing line shed (Appendix A, Photo
1). The Pistol Range accommodates movable and stationary targets. Shooting activities are
conducted up to approximately 40 yards. A bullet impact berm is located at approximately 25 yards
from the firing line (Appendix A, Photo 2). All members may use the Pistol Range, including law
enforcement.
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Existing BMPs at the Pistol Range include:
Bullet Containment: The Pistol Range has an earthen bullet impact berm (Appendix A, Photo
2). The berm captures and contains the bullets.
Ballistic Sand Bullet Impact Berm: The bullet impact berm is faced with approximately 2 feet
of ballistic grade sand, about ¼-inch to #10 sieve sand, which effectively captures the bullets
and drains stormwater from the bullet impact berm. The ballistic sand reduces the contact
between stormwater and bullets, preventing lead from mobilizing into stormwater. The ballistic
sand will also improve lead recovery and recycling.
Vegetative Cover: The Pistol Range floor is vegetated with low growing grass (Appendix A,
Photos 1-2). The vegetative cover prevents erosion and transport of sediment and lead in
stormwater runoff. The grass is routinely maintained through mowing activities.
Optimal Soil pH: The optimal soil pH for minimizing lead solubility and preventing the
migration of lead through the soil column into underlying groundwater is between 6.5 to 8.5
(EPA, 2005). Soil pH was measured on the Pistol Range during the site visit on November 7,
2014 in two separate locations. A soil sample was collected on the range floor and was
measured at 7.36, within the optimal soil pH range. A second soil sample was collected in the
bullet impact berm and was measured at 7.23, within the optimal soil pH range.
3.1.2 50 Yard Range
The 50 Yard Range is located north of the Pistol Range and west of the 100 Yard Range. (Figure
2). The 50 Yard Range is designed for rifle and pistol training activities, active shooting practice,
target shooting, and practical shooting matches. The 50 Yard Range has covered firing line shed
(Appendix A, Photo 4). The 50 Yard Range is oriented south to north and fires into an earthen
bullet impact berm that is faced with ballistic sand (Appendix A, Photo 3). A small drainage feature
is located on the south and west sides of the 50 Yard Rifle Range to direct drainage to the north of
the bullet impact berm and an open area where stormwater runoff can infiltrate into the ground.
Small arms training occurs at fixed firing positions within the firing line shed at stationary targets
located 50 yards from the firing line shed. All rifle and pistol calibers are used at the 50 Yard
Range. Maintenance activities recently completed at the 50 Yard Range includes increase the
bullet impact berm height, installing ballistic san on bullet impact berm, and installing sand on the
range floor (Appendix A, Photo 3). The 50 Yard Rifle Range accommodates movable and
stationary targets. All members may use the 50 Yard Rifle Range, including law enforcement.
Existing BMPs at the 50 Yard Rifle Range include:
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Bullet Containment: The 50 Yard Rifle Range has an earthen bullet impact berm (Appendix A,
Photo 3). The berm captures and contains the bullets.
Ballistic Sand Bullet Impact Berm: The bullet impact berm is faced with approximately 2 feet
of ballistic grade sand, about ¼-inch to #10 sieve sand, which effectively captures the bullets
and drains stormwater from the bullet impact berm. The ballistic sand reduces the contact
between stormwater and bullets, preventing lead from mobilizing into stormwater. The ballistic
sand will also improve lead recovery and recycling.
Vegetative Cover: The 50 Yard Rifle Range floor is vegetated with low growing grass that is
regularly maintained (Appendix A, Photos 3-4). The grass cover prevents erosion and transport
of sediment and lead in stormwater runoff.
Optimal Soil pH: The optimal soil pH for minimizing lead solubility and preventing the
migration of lead through the soil column into underlying groundwater is between 6.5 to 8.5
(EPA, 2005). Soil pH was measured on the 50 Yard Rifle Range during the site visit on
November 7, 2014 in the bullet impact berm. A soil sample was collected in the bullet impact
berm and was measured at 7.85, within the optimal soil pH range.
3.1.3 100 Yard Range
The 100 Yard Range is a rifle range located in the northern portion of the Parcel, east of the 50
Yard Range (Figure 2). The 100 Yard Range has a covered firing line (Appendix A, Photo 7). Firing
occurs in a south to north direction. The 100 Yard Range shares a bullet impact berm with the
200/300 Yard Range (Appendix A, Photos 6 and 8). The 100 Yard Range is closed when the
200/300 Yard Range is in operation. The 100Yard Range is used for all rifle calibers.
Small arms training occurs at fixed firing positions within the 100 Yard Range firing line shed at
stationary targets. The range floor is composed of mowed grass Appendix A, Photos 5 and 7). A
gravel filled trench drain is located at the base of the bullet trap to prevent stormwater migration
from the range (Appendix A, Photo 6).
Designed BMPs at the 100 Yard Range include:
Bullet Containment: The 100 Yard Range is constructed with an earthen bullet impact berm.
The bullet impact berms capture and contain the bullets (Appendix A, Photos 5 – 7).
Vegetative Cover: The 100 Yard Range floor is covered with low growing grass that is
maintained (Appendix A, Photo 5 and 7).
Optimal Soil pH: The optimal soil pH for minimizing lead solubility and preventing the
migration of lead through the soil column into underlying groundwater is between 6.5 to 8.5
(EPA, 2005). Soil pH was measured on the 100 Yard Range during the site visit on November
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7, 2014 in two separate locations. A soil sample was collected on the range floor and was
measured at 6.17, outside the optimal soil pH range. A second soil sample was collected in the
bullet impact berm and was measured at 7.47, within the optimal soil pH range.
3.1.4 200/300 Yard Range
The 200/300 Yard Range is a rifle range located on the east side of the Parcel, east of the 100
Yard Range and Pistol Range (Figure 2). The firing lines for the 200 and 300 yard firing positions
are located along the gravel road on the east side of the Parcel. Firing occurs in a south to north
direction. The 100 Yard Range shares a bullet impact berm with the 200/300 Yard Range
(Appendix A, Photos 6 and 8). The 100 Yard Range is closed when the 200/300 Yard Range is in
operation. The 200/300 Yard Range is used for all rifle calibers.
Small arms training occurs at fixed firing positions at the 200 and 300 yard firing positions using
stationary targets. The 200 300 yard firing positions are located along the gravel road. The range
floor is composed of level packed gravel along the road and is sparsely vegetated with low growing
grasses that are maintained.
Designed BMPs at the 200/300 Yard Range include:
Bullet Containment: The 200/300 Yard Range is constructed with an earthen bullet impact
berm. The bullet impact berms capture and contain the bullets (Appendix A, Photos 6).
Vegetative Cover: The 200/300 Yard Range is located over a packed gravel road (Appendix,
Photo 8). The vegetative and gravel cover prevents erosion and transport of sediment and lead
in stormwater runoff.
Optimal Soil pH: The optimal soil pH for minimizing lead solubility and preventing the
migration of lead through the soil column into underlying groundwater is between 6.5 to 8.5
(EPA, 2005). Soil pH was measured on the 100 Yard Range during the site visit on November
7, 2014 in two separate locations. A soil sample was collected on the range floor and was
measured at 6.17, outside the optimal soil pH range. A second soil sample was collected in the
bullet impact berm and was measured at 7.47, within the optimal soil pH range.
3.1.5 Trap Range
The Trap Range is oriented to the west, with three trap-only shooting stations (Appendix A, Photos
11 and 12). The maximum shot size used at the Trap Range is 7½ shot. The shot fall zone for the
Trap Range is located within upland forest areas, and is shown on Figure 2. The Trap Range is
used for practice and competitive events.
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The Trap Range was previously oriented towards the north. In 2002, a fire station was constructed
to the north of the Trap Range. JCSA installed a large heavy curtain in between trees to prevent
shot from traveling too far. A tarp was also placed on the ground below the curtain to ease
collection of shot. The Trap Range was reoriented to the west in 2005. At that time, fifteen 5-gallon
buckets of shot were salvaged from the area. There are currently no curtains or backdrops in use
on the existing, west oriented Trap Range (USEPA, 2010).
The Trap Range is generally flat, sloping very slightly towards the east and the trap house area.
The range floor consists of native soil and maintained native grasses in the target fall zone and a
second growth forested area within the shotfall zone. No evidence of soil erosion from stormwater
was observed at the Trap Range. The fully vegetated range floor does not exhibit any evidence of
soil erosion or channeling due to stormwater runoff.
Existing BMPs at the Trap Range include:
Lead Shot: Shot size is limited to 7 ½ shot.
Shot Containment: The target fall zone is located in a flat vegetated area, Figure 2 (Appendix
A, Photos 11 and 12). The shot fall zone is located in a flat forested area beyond the shot fall
zone (Appendix A, Photos 9 and 10).
Vegetative Ground Cover: The Trap Range contains low height vegetation (native grasses)
as cover and some compacted areas of soil. The vegetative cover is maintained near the firing
positions and target fall area. Vegetative cover prevents erosion and transport of sediment and
lead in storm water runoff (Appendix A, Photo 9, 11 and 12).
Optimal Soil pH: The optimal soil pH for minimizing lead solubility and preventing the
migration of lead through the soil column into underlying groundwater is between 6.5 to 8.5
(EPA, 2005). Soil pH was measured on the Trap Range during the site visit on November 7,
2014 in two separate locations. A soil sample was collected on the range floor in the target fall
zone and was measured at 7.30, within the optimal soil pH range. A second soil sample was
collected in the range floor shot fall zone and was measured at 6.34, outside the optimal soil
pH range.
4.0 RECOMMENDED BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR OUTDOOR
RANGES
In addition to the designed BMPs described in Section 3.1 for each range, the following BMPs
should be applied at the Site’s proposed outdoor ranges to further minimize the potential for lead
migration from range areas:
Establish and maintain full vegetative cover to prevent soil erosion;
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Soil pH monitoring;
Bullet impact berm inspection;
Record lead removal performed by club members; and
Post signs to encourage proper hygiene.
Each BMP is described in detail in the following sections.
4.1 General Facility Management
The BMPs described in this section have been chosen to provide standardized methods for
management of lead and other range-related materials at the facility.
Identify Areas Where Firing Does Not Occur: Areas at the JCSA where firing does not occur are
identified on Figure 2. Lead exposure is not a concern in areas defined on Figure 2. Because firing
does not occur in these areas, lead and other range-related materials are not expected and it is not
necessary for users of the facility to take any action regarding the presence of lead.
Erosion and Sediment Controls for Ground Disturbance: Erosion and sediment control (ESC)
BMPs will be implemented during any construction or maintenance projects that involve ground
disturbance. The purpose of the ESC BMPs is to prevent erosion of material potentially containing
lead. Specific BMPs will depend on the type of project, but may consist of one or more of the
following:
Silt fencing installed along the base of any slopes;
Straw wattles and/or matting installed on exposed slopes;
Dust suppression;
Temporary wheel wash areas installed for vehicle traffic exiting the work area;
Inlet protection applied to any storm water conveyance features in the work area;
Stockpile soil management practices throughout the project;
Demarcation fencing placed around any sensitive areas;
Temporary (e.g., hay or mulch) or permanent (e.g., hydroseeding) cover placed on all
disturbed areas immediately following completion of ground disturbance.
Additional BMPs may be needed for large projects (5,000 sq feet or greater) or projects occurring
on steep slopes or near areas with surface water features. Information describing appropriate use
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of ESC BMPs and installation procedures can be found in the Jefferson County Erosion Prevention
Planning and Design Manual, found at
http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/commdevelopment/PDFS/stormwater%20site%20plan%20template
%202014.pdf. In addition, URS is available for further consultation regarding the use of ESC
BMPs.
A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) 1200-C Permit is required for all
projects that disturb one acre or more of land. The permit must be approved by the Department of
Ecology prior to beginning any ground disturbance ((Chapters 173-201A and 200 WAC)). In
addition, a Jefferson County Grading Permit is required
(http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/commdevelopment/PDFS/LID/Clearing_&_Grading_Ord.pdf) for any
excavation projects involving 1) Fill/excavation exceeding 50 cubic yards; 2) Filling to a depth of
two feet or more in any one location; 3) Excavating to a depth of 5 feet or more in any one location;
or 4) Grading or excavating any quantity on steep slopes, in wetlands, or into or next to any body of
water.
Volunteer Worker Communication: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
has comprehensive lead regulations (29 CFR 1910.1025). While these regulations apply only to
employees; they can be used for range facility management. The following operating procedures
will be explained to volunteer workers performing these tasks:
Housekeeping. Housekeeping should be performed on a regular schedule to remove spent
brass casings, shotgun shells and other range related material.
Earthen Berm Bullet Trap Maintenance. Wear personal protective equipment when working
near earthen berms to prevent exposure to lead. Avoid these areas on dry windy days
when airborne dust may be present. All lead recovery activities will be performed by a
qualified contractor only.
Hygiene. Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco products or cosmetics on the ranges. Wash
hands prior to handling food or personal products. Children are especially susceptible to
lead poisoning; therefore, care should be taken to avoid carrying lead dust into personal
vehicles or homes by removing work clothes and placing in a bag for laundering and
showering if possible. Remove lead dust from shoes and clothes by HEPA filtration when
work is complete.
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These standard operating procedures are outlined in the Lead Awareness Fact Sheet (Appendix
D). This Fact Sheet will be provided to volunteer workers and receipt will be documented on the
Lead Awareness Record Form (Appendix D).
Contractor Communication: For all contract work involving potential exposure to lead, only
qualified contractors will be used. Such tasks include lead reclamation from berms or ranges and
construction in existing range areas. Copies of any required licenses will be obtained from
contractors and filed at the JCSA facility. The JCSA Secretary or Treasurer will be responsible for
obtaining a copy of the contractor’s licenses and site specific health and safety plan prior to the
contractor starting work.
Range Waste Management: Waste materials generated from the ranges may contain lead and
may be hazardous waste. Examples of potential hazardous waste generated at the facility include
materials from the earthen berm, bullet trap material, and used targets. These materials should be
placed in sealed containers when generated. Lead shot and bullets collected for recycling are not
considered waste.
JCSA will be a Conditionally Exempt Generator (CEG) if it generates less than 220 pounds of
hazardous waste each month and accumulates no more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste on
site. As a CEG, the federal and Washington hazardous waste laws generally will not apply to
JCSA’s hazardous waste, if the waste is properly recycled or transported for disposal to a landfill
meeting applicable federal and Washington requirements.
If the JCSA generates more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in any month or accumulates
more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste on site, the JCSA will be become a regulated
hazardous waste generator. The JCSA should obtain specific advice regarding applicable legal
requirements if the threshold is exceeded.
Waste generated at a range and potentially containing lead may be a hazardous waste. The JCSA
may assume a generated waste is hazardous (for example, used air filters on an indoor range are
assumed to be hazardous waste), or in order to determine whether generated waste is hazardous,
a knowledge of process determination or a waste characterization analysis will be performed. The
knowledge of process determination may be based on existing published or documented data for
the material (e.g., Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), supplier/manufacturer or vendor
information, or information from trade associations). All analytical records will be maintained by the
JCSA. If the representative sample has a leachable lead concentration less than 5 mg/L, the waste
is not hazardous and can be disposed of in regular trash collection, or recycled. However, if the
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waste is determined to have a leachable lead concentration of 5 mg/L or more, it is a hazardous
waste.
4.2 PREVENT LEAD ACCUMULATION IN WETLANDS AND WATER
Areas identified as wetlands and water potentially regulated by the State of Washington or United
States are present near the JCSA parcel, as shown on Figure 4. Preventing lead shot
accumulation in wetlands and water is required by state and federal law. Wetlands and / or water
are not mapped as being present on any of the small arms ranges at JCSA. The drainage features
on the Pistol Range and 50 Yard Rifle Range that convey excess stormwater runoff are not shown
on this mapping; no indication if these drainage features are regulated is known at this time.
4.3 INSTALL BALLISTIC SAND ON BULLET IMPACT BERMS
Install approximately 2 feet of ballistic grade sand, about ¼-inch to #10 sieve sand on the face of
all bullet impact berms. The ballistic grade sand is from a crushed rock source and is washed to
eliminate fine materials. The ballistic sand will hold a slope of about 1.5:1 (horizontal: vertical) and
does not compact, which allows the sand to effectively absorb the bullet energy and contain the
bullets. The ballistic sand effectively drains stormwater from the bullet impact berm and reduces
the contact between stormwater and bullets, preventing lead from mobilizing into stormwater. The
ballistic sand will also improve lead recovery and recycling.
4.4 ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN VEGETATIVE GROUND COVER
BMP Recommendations: Maintain ground cover at all ranges.
Vegetation cover is an important erosion control method for outdoor ranges because vegetation
absorbs rainfall, slows stormwater flow velocity, and minimizes the potential for lead to be
transported by stormwater runoff. Use of an erosion control seed mix containing native species
appropriate for the site growing conditions is recommended to minimize irrigation and maintenance
needs. Native seed mixes can be applied through the use of mechanical spreaders, by hand, or by
hydroseed. The recommended upland native seed mix is provided in Table 4.2:
Table 4.2: Recommended Native Seed Mix and Application Rate
Species Seeding Rate Lbs/ac.
Perennial Ryegrass 60 lbs / acre
Creeping Red Fescue 17 lbs / acre
White Dutch Clover 3 lbs / acre
Sheep Fescue 16 lbs / acre
Note: Information from Direct Seed Sales (as representative locally available native seed mix retailer). Available online at: http://www.directseedsales.com/erosion.html
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Application of a native seed mix should occur after maintenance or construction activities that
disturb the ground surface. A cover of a certified weed-free straw may be necessary to prevent
seeds from blowing or washing away prior to germination. The seed mix includes drought tolerant
species and irrigation is not required. The seeds will propagate where adequate growing conditions
are present, and a single application of seed is sufficient
Certified weed-free straw, mulch, or compost can be used on sloped surfaces, generally greater
than a ratio of 2:1 (horizontal:vertical), as an alternative to vegetative ground cover as they also
reduce the mobility of sediment and prevent lead migration. These materials should be applied at
least two inches thick. Mulches and compost can reduce the pH of soil; see Section 4.2 for pH
monitoring. If vegetation or other ground cover cannot be established, installation of bio-filter bags
may be considered. Fertilizer or soil amendments can be used to enhance vegetation growth.
Vegetation does not need to be established where gravel and rock is present on range (e.g.
walkways, and driveways). Gravel and rock materials on the range floors are not subject to erosion
and are able to capture sediment, preventing lead in stormwater runoff.
Personnel should conduct regular range inspections to assess the potential for erosion at the
ranges. Indications of erosion may include unvegetated exposed soil and migration of sediment in
stormwater or by wind. The inspections should be conducted quarterly and after major storm
events. The inspection should include visual observations of the bullet impact berms for eroded
areas. If erosion is observed, corrective actions may include additional seeding and/or planting
may be necessary. The results of the periodic inspections will be recorded using B-1 Range
Monitoring Forms located in Appendix B.
4.5 SOIL PH MONITORING
BMP Recommendations: Monitor pH at all ranges.
The optimal soil pH for minimizing lead solubility and preventing the migration of lead through the
soil column into underlying groundwater is between 6.5 to 8.5 (EPA, 2005). The soil pH should be
monitored annually to verify the pH remains within the optimal range. Results of the soil monitoring
should be recorded on form B-2 Soil pH Monitoring Log (provided in Appendix B). If the soil
monitoring results indicate the pH is below the optimal range, lime amendment should be added to
the berms to increase the pH. Lime should be added following manufacturer’s specifications.
Table 4.3: Measured Soil pH at Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
Soil Sample Location pH Result
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Soil Sample Location pH Result
100 Yard Range Impact Berm 7.47 Within optimal pH range
100 Yard Range Floor 6.17 Outside optimal pH range
50 Yard Rifle Range Impact Berm 7.85 Within optimal pH range
Pistol Range Impact Berm 7.23 Within optimal pH range
Pistol Range Floor 7.36 Within optimal pH range
Trap Range Targetfall Zone 7.3 Within optimal pH range
Trap Range Shotfall Zone 6.34 Outside optimal pH range
Two sampling locations tested outside the optimal pH range: the 100 Yard Range floor and the
Trap Range shot fall zone. Regular sampling of soils in these locations is recommended to keep
soil pH conditions within the optimal range. An annual application of a lime amendment to correct
soil pH is recommended. Refer to Appendix E for more information on strategic use and application
of lime amendment.
4.6 BULLET ACCUMULATION INSPECTION
BMP Recommendations: Perform annual inspections of bullet accumulation at bullet impact
berms of all ranges.
Annual inspections should be conducted to evaluate the face of the earthen berms in the bullet
impact areas. The earthen berms should be evaluated to determine if lead has accumulated to the
point of posing a potential risk to range safety or the environment. If large bullet pockets are
observed, the face of the berm should be re-graded to eliminate the bullet pockets and/or ballistic
grade sand added to the berm face. If the annual inspection indicates a potential ricochet hazard is
present, the particulate lead should be recovered from the berm. The lead recovery activities must
be performed in accordance with applicable OSHA and Washington Station Department of Labor
and Industries (WALI) requirements. Annual bullet impact inspections should be recorded on form
B-1 Range Monitoring Log provided in Appendix B.
4.7 RECORD LEAD RECYCLING
BMP Recommendations: Record lead recycling performed by club members at all ranges.
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Lead removed for recycling from bullet impact areas by range users for personal use should be
recorded. An easily-accessible weigh station should be installed at the Range with a logbook that
identifies the individual, the amount of lead removed, the range where lead removal was
conducted, the intended purpose of the lead and the date of the removal. JCSA currently uses a
log sheet to record range users and number of rounds each user may sheet at individual ranges.
This form should be used in conjunction with the included form under Appendix B to assist in
determining when lead recycling activities should commence. Removal activities should be
recorded on form B-3 Bullet Recovery Log provided as Appendix B.
JCSA representatives indicated that some time prior to 1988, lead shot was mined by a contractor
from the woods north of the trap range. No records are available to document how much shot was
recovered, who conducted the recovery, or how this shot was used, disposed, or recycled (E&E,
2011).
4.8 PERSONAL HYGIENE
BMP Recommendations: Post signs at all ranges to remind range users to avoid exposure
to lead through appropriate personal hygiene practices.
Basic personal hygiene practices can minimize potential exposure to lead from fire arms use at the
ranges.
These hygiene guidelines include:
Refrain from consuming food and/or drink, smoking or placing your hands in proximity to your
mouth or nose while on the range or cleaning a firearm.
Range patrons are advised to wash with cool water following shooting activities.
Change and wash clothing after a shooting or firearm cleaning session to minimize exposure to
airborne lead or solvent and cleaning product residues.
Pregnant women and children under seven years of age, and others who have health concerns
should consult a physician before visiting shooting ranges.
Posting signs at the ranges and in restrooms to remind and/or notify range users of appropriate
hygiene practices is recommended. Example signs are included as Appendix C.
4.9 OPTIONAL BMPS FOR OUTDOOR RANGES
The following BMPs are considered optional. JCSA may choose to implement these BMPs as
resources become available.
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Record Type and Quantity of Rounds Fired: Logs may be kept at the range shooting station
to record the type and quantity of rounds fired. This information may be used to monitor the
amount of lead that is deposited within each range over time. Rounds fired may be recorded on
form B-4 Rounds Fired Log, provided in Appendix B.
Regular Collection of Shotgun Wads and Shotshells at the Trap Range: Use of
mechanical devices to collect spend shotshells and shot gun wads on the Trap Range is
recommended. Information regarding collection devices and methods is provided under
Appendix F.
5.0 PREVIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS
In April 2010, the Jefferson County Public Health (JCPH) received a complaint from an unknown
neighbor regarding concerns of lead on the range infiltrating to the local groundwater supply. On
April 27, 2010, the citizen contacted the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) to
express concern that JCSA may have lead in the ground from bullets which could be migrating to
the aquifer. In response to these complaints. the JCPHD completed an Initial Investigation Field
Report of JCSA in August 2010 on behalf of Ecology.
Ecology submitted an update to the complaint in August 2010 stating “soil samples reveal lead
above 250 mg/kg (MCTA clean up level) in several areas on the range plus one area on range
property but outside of shooting area (between the rifle range berm and Jacob Miller Rd).” EPA
had agreed to evaluate the site in August 2010.
The USEPA contracted Ecology & Environment (E & E) to provide technical support for completion
of a Preliminary Assessment (PA). The specific goals for the Jefferson County Shooting Range PA,
identified by the EPA, were:
• Determine the potential threat to public health or the environment posed by the site;
• Determine the potential for a release of hazardous constituents into the environment; and
• Determine the potential for placement of the site on the National Priorities List.
In August 2011, a Removal Assessment (RA) was completed at the JCSA for the EPA. The
purpose of the removal assessment was to investigate potential threats to human health and the
environment from the release of metals and P AHs. The RA included X -ray fluorescence (XRF)
field screening of soils throughout the site. The XRF was used to establish three approximate lead
levels: background (anticipated to be 20 ppm or less). low level (anticipated to be between 20 and
400 ppm), and high level (anticipated to be greater than 400 ppm) (E&E, 2011).
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The analytical results from soil samples collected during the environmental investigation indicated
the metals antimony, arsenic, lead, and vanadium exceeded either the EPA Regional Screening
Levels (RSLs) (residential or industrial) or MTCA (unrestricted or industrial). At least one sample
collected at each of the ranges (Rifle Range, Pistol Range, Trap Range, and in the Rifle/Pistol
Range background) exceeded one of the screening levels.
The RA concluded that metals (i.e., antimony, arsenic, lead, and vanadium) and PAHs were
present in site soils at concentrations exceeding screening levels. However. a soil sample collected
from the storm water runoff route did not indicate any metals other than vanadium at
concentrations greater than the screening levels, indicating that contaminants are not significantly
migrating from the site (E&E, 2011).
Because lead and other metals are associated with firing range activities are expected on the
ranges, the bullets and associated metals are not abandoned and are not a waste regulated by the
EPA or Ecology. The analytical results from sampling demonstrated metals associated with range
use have not been transported to groundwater or off the range. In October 2011, EPA issued a
“No Further Action” determination based upon results from the preliminary assessment and
removal assessments (USEPA, 2011).
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6.0 CONCLUSIONS
The ranges at the JCSA are in excellent condition and well maintained. The physical setting at the
JCSA was assessed through personnel interviews and information review and inspection of the
outdoor ranges on November 7, 2014. Recommended BMPs in this ESP should be implemented to
prevent the off-site migration of lead into the surrounding environment through erosion,
groundwater transport, and/or surface water runoff, and to minimize the potential for human and
wildlife exposure to lead and range materials. The BMPs described in this ESP were developed to
provide policies and procedures for the long-term management of lead at the Jefferson County
Sportsmen’s Association.
In order to measure the success of this ESP, it is necessary to keep accurate records to document
the effects of recommended BMPs. Facility records should include range inspection logs, soil pH
monitoring logs, lead removal logs, and rounds fired logs (as applicable). Templates for these logs
are included in Appendix B. It is recommended this ESP be reviewed by range management
personnel every five years and updated as site conditions change.
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association on
this project. If you have any questions or comments regarding this report, please contact the
undersigned at (503) 222-7200.
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REFERENCES
Ecology & Environment. 2011. Jefferson County Shooting Range Preliminary Assessment, Port
Townsend, Washington.
FEMA. 2014. Flood Hazard Panel 5300690155B, dated 07/19/1982. Accessed online November
2014 at:
https://msc.fema.gov/portal/search?AddressQuery=116%20Gun%20Club%20Road%2C%20Port%
20Townsend%2C%20WA
ITRC, 2003. Characterization and Remediation of Soils at Closed Small Arms Firing Ranges.
Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council, Small Arms Firing Range Team, Washington, DC,
January 2003, 204 p.
ITRC, 2005. Environmental Management at Operating Outdoor Small Arms Firing Ranges. The
Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Small Arms Firing Range Team, Washington, DC,
February 2005, 87 p.
JCSA. 2012. JCSA Environmental Stewardship Plan for Pistol Bay contain in Jefferson County WA
Building Permit Case #BLD10-00275.
National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF), 1997. Environmental Aspects of Construction and
Management of Outdoor Shooting Ranges. Facility Development Series No. 2, National Shooting
Sports Foundation, Newtown, Connecticut, 1997.
U.S. Army Environmental Center (USACE), 2005. Army Small Arms Training Range Environmental
Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. SFIM-AEC-AT-CR-2006007. February 12, 2005.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 1975.
Soil Survey of Jefferson County, Washington.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2005. Best Management Practices at Outdoor
Shooting Ranges. EPA Region 2, EPA-902-B-01-001. January 2001, revised June 2005.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2011. No Further Action Determination for Jefferson
County Sportsmen’s Association. Letter to County Administrator Philip Morley.
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
Environmental Stewardship Plan
26 Project No.: 25698244
O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\4000 Deliverables\ESP\FINAL\FINAL_JCSA ESP.Docx
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory, 1981. National Wetland
Inventory Map. June 1981. Accessed digitally November 2014 at
http://137.227.242.85/wetland/wetland.html.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2014. Endangered Species Program. Jefferson County, Washington
Listed Species. Accessed digitally November 2014 at
https://www.fws.gov/nebraskaes/T&E%20Species.html
USDA NRCS, 2006. Land Resource Regions and Major Land Resource Areas of the United
States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin: Custom Report for MLRA Explorer: Northwestern
Forest, Forage and Specialty Crop Region: Willamette and Puget Sound Valleys. Created
November 2014.
USDA NRCS, 2014. Hydric Soils of the United States. Accessed November 2014 at
http://soils.usda.gov/use/hydric/included.html
USDA NRCS, 2014. Web Soil Survey: Jefferson County, Washington. Accessed November 2014
at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
WDNR. 2014. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth
Resources – Washington Geological Survey. Access online November 13, 2014 at
https://fortress.wa.gov/dnr/geology/?Theme=wigm
Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), 2014. Port Townsend, Washington Station No.
456678, Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary, 10/1/1891 to 1/31/2010. Accessed
November 11, 2014 at http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa6678
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association, Port Townsend, Washington
Environmental Stewardship Plan
Project No.: 25698244 27
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LIMITATIONS
This Environmental Stewardship Plan was prepared exclusively for the Jefferson County
Sportsmen’s Association by URS Corporation. The quality of information, conclusions, and
estimates contained herein is consistent with the level of effort involved in URS services and based
on: i) information available at the time of preparation, ii) data supplied by outside sources, and iii)
the assumptions, conditions, and qualifications set forth in this report. This Environmental
Stewardship Plan is intended to be used by the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association for the
small arms ranges located near the City of Port Townsend, Jefferson County, Washington only,
subject to the terms and conditions of its contract with URS. Any other use of, or reliance on, this
report by any third party is at that party’s sole risk.
The findings contained herein are relevant to the dates of the URS Site visit and should not be
relied upon to represent conditions at later dates. In the event that changes in the nature, usage, or
layout of the property or nearby properties are made, the conclusions and recommendations
contained in this report may not be valid. If additional information becomes available, it should be
provided to URS so the original conclusions and recommendations can be modified as necessary.
FIGURES
Filepath K:\25698244 Jefferson SAR\MXD\Figure1_Site Location.mxdCopyright:' 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed, Esri, HERE,
DeLorme, MapmyIndia, ' OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user
community
122 42’0"W122 43’0"W122 44’0"W122 45’0"W122 46’0"W122 47’0"W122 48’0"W122 49’0"W122 50’0"W122 51’0"W122 52’0"W122 53’0"W122 54’0"W122 55’0"W122 56’0"W122 57’0"W48 12’0"N48 11’0"N48 10’0"N48 9’0"N48 8’0"N48 7’0"N48 6’0"N48 5’0"N48 4’0"N48 3’0"N48 2’0"N48 1’0"N48 0’0"N100.5
Miles
LEGEND
JCSA Parcel Boundary
JeffersonCounty
Site
Project Location
Seattle
URS Project No. 25698244
November 2014
Environmental Stewardship Plan
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
112 Gun Club Road
Port Townsend, Washington
FIGURE 1:
Project Vicinity
PistolRange
50 YardRange
100 YardRange
200 YardFiring Line
300 YardFiring Line
48°6'0"NµDocument Path: K:\25698244 Jefferson Co SAR\MXD\Figure 2_Existing Features.mxdLegend
Parcel Boundary
Trap Range
Trap Shotfall
50 Yard Range
100 Yard Range
200/300 Yard Rifle RangePistol Range
FIGURE 2 Existing Features
Environmental Stewardship PlanJefferson County Sportsmen's Association112 Gun Club RoadPort Townsend, Washington
December 2014 URS Project No. 25698244
0 200 400100 Feet
kjkj
kj
kj
kj
kj kjPistolRange
50 YardRifleRange
100 YardRange
200 YardFiring Line
300 YardFiring Line
7.36
7.23
7.85
7.47
6.17
6.34 7.30
HuC
CmC
DcC
CmC
48 6’0"N Document Path: K:\25698244 Jefferson Co SAR\MXD\Figure 3_Soils.mxdLegend
kj Soil Samples
Parcel Boundary
NRCS Mapped Soils for Jefferson County, WA
Trap Range 1
Trap Range 2
Trap Range 3
Trap Shotfall
100 Yard Range
200/300 Yard Range
50 Yard Rifle Range
Pistol Range
FIGURE 3
NRCS Mapped Soils
Environmental Stewardship PlanJefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
112 Gun Club RoadPort Townsend, Washington
November 2014
URS Project No. 25698244
0 200 400100 Feet
Soil Unit
Symbol Soil Unit Name Hydric Soil
CmC Clallam gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes No
DcC Dick loamy sand, 0 to 15 percent Slopes No
HuC Hoypus gravelly loamy sand, 0 to 15 percent slopes No
Sample Location Soil pH
100 Yard Range Impact Berm 7.47
100 Yard Range Floor 6.17
50 Yard Range Impact Berm 7.85
Pistol Range Impact Berm 7.23
Pistol Range Floor 7.36
Trap Range Targetfall Zone 7.3
Trap Range Shotfall Zone 6.34
PistolRange
50 YardRifleRange
100 YardRange
200 YardFiring Line
300 YardFiring Line
122 50’0"W48 6’0"N Document Path: K:\25698244 Jefferson Co SAR\MXD\Figure NWI Wetlands.mxdLegend
Parcel Boundary
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Trap Range 1
Trap Range 2
Trap Range 3
Trap Shotfall
100 Yard Range
200/300 Yard Range
50 Yard Rifle Range
Pistol Range
FIGURE 4
NWI Mapped Features
Environmental Stewardship PlanJefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
112 Gun Club RoadPort Townsend, Washington
November 2014
URS Project No. 25698244
0 200 400100 Feet
APPENDIX A
Photo Log
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500Portland, Oregon 97212
W.O. 25698244
PROCESSED KD
DATE November 2014
PAGE ‹#›
ENVIRONMENAL STEWARSHIP
PLAN
JEFFERSON COUNTY
SPORTSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
O:\25698244A GJefferson SAR \ 5000 Technical \ ESP\ Attachment 1_Photo Log.ppt)
Photo 1
Pistol Range bays and
bullet impact berms. No
visible indications of
erosion. Vegetation and
sand prevent erosion.
Photo 2
Pistol Range firing line
shed.
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500Portland, Oregon 97212
W.O. 25698244
PROCESSED KD
DATE November 2014
PAGE ‹#›
ENVIRONMENAL STEWARSHIP
PLAN
JEFFERSON COUNTY
SPORTSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
O:\25698244A GJefferson SAR \ 5000 Technical \ ESP\ Attachment 1_Photo Log.ppt)
Photo 3
50 Yard Range.
Maintenance was
recently completed,
including adding sand to
the bullet impact berm
and range floor.
Photo 4
50 Yard Range. Ditch
conveys stormwater
around 50 Yard Range,
along edge of range
floor.
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500Portland, Oregon 97212
W.O. 25698244
PROCESSED KD
DATE November 2014
PAGE ‹#›
ENVIRONMENAL STEWARSHIP
PLAN
JEFFERSON COUNTY
SPORTSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
O:\25698244A GJefferson SAR \ 5000 Technical \ ESP\ Attachment 1_Photo Log.ppt)
Photo 5
100 Yard Range. Range
floor is well vegetated
and there are no visible
indications of erosion.
Photo 6
100 Yard Range.
Bullet impact berm is in
good condition. Gravel
filled trench drain
prevents stormwater
runoff.
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500Portland, Oregon 97212
W.O. 25698244
PROCESSED KD
DATE November 2014
PAGE ‹#›
ENVIRONMENAL STEWARSHIP
PLAN
JEFFERSON COUNTY
SPORTSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
O:\25698244A GJefferson SAR \ 5000 Technical \ ESP\ Attachment 1_Photo Log.ppt)
Photo 8
200/300 Yard Range.
Limited use. Shares
bullet impact berm with
100 Yard Range.
Photo 7
100 Yard Range. Firing
line shed.
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500Portland, Oregon 97212
W.O. 25698244
PROCESSED KD
DATE November 2014
PAGE ‹#›
ENVIRONMENAL STEWARSHIP
PLAN
JEFFERSON COUNTY
SPORTSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
O:\25698244A GJefferson SAR \ 5000 Technical \ ESP\ Attachment 1_Photo Log.ppt)
Photo 9
Trap Range. Target fall
zone is vegetated and
there is no visible
indication of erosion.
Photo 10
Trap Range. Shot fall
zone. No visible
indications of erosion or
sediment transport.
111 SW Columbia, Suite 1500Portland, Oregon 97212
W.O. 25698244
PROCESSED KD
DATE November 2014
PAGE ‹#›
ENVIRONMENAL STEWARSHIP
PLAN
JEFFERSON COUNTY
SPORTSMEN’S ASSOCIATION
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
O:\25698244A GJefferson SAR \ 5000 Technical \ ESP\ Attachment 1_Photo Log.ppt)
Photo 11
Trap Range. Range area
is vegetated and there is
no visible indication of
erosion.
Photo 12
Trap Range. Shooting
positions are vegetated
and there is no visible
indication of erosion.
APPENDIX B
Range Inspection Forms
Date: ____________________FORM B-1a: Pistol Range Monitoring FormJefferson County Sportsmen's AssociationEnvironmental Stewardship PlanInspected By:______________________1. Describe Area of Erosion:Impact BermInitials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:2. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Firing LineInitials:3. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:Directions: Mark areas of erosion on drawing and describe in space below. Examples of erosion include: storm water runoff channels, dust clouds. Mark locations of storm water controls, such as bio-filter bags, and note condition. Continue on reverse if necessary. 25698244O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-1_Range Monitoing Forms.xls11/16/2014Page 1 of 5
Date: ____________________FORM B-1b: 50 Yard Rifle Range Monitoring FormJefferson County Sportsmen's AssociationEnvironmental Stewardship PlanInspected By:______________________Impact Berm1. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:2. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:3. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Firing LineInitials:Directions: Mark areas of erosion on drawing and describe in space below. Examples of erosion include: storm water runoff channels, dust clouds. Mark locations of storm water controls, such as bio-filter bags, and note condition. Continue on reverse if necessary.500m 25698244O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-1_Range Monitoing Forms.xls11/16/2014Page 2 of 5
Date: ____________________FORM B-1c: 100 Yard Range Monitoring FormJefferson County Sportsmen's AssociationEnvironmental Stewardship PlanInspected By:______________________Impact Berm1. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:2. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:3. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Firing LineInitials:Directions: Mark areas of erosion on drawing and describe in space below. Examples of erosion include: storm water runoff channels, dust clouds. Mark locations of storm water controls, such as bio-filter bags, and note condition. Continue on reverse if necessary.500m 25698244O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-1_Range Monitoing Forms.xls11/16/2014Page 3 of 5
Date: ____________________FORM B-1d: 200/300 Yard Range Monitoring FormJefferson County Sportsmen's AssociationEnvironmental Stewardship PlanInspected By:______________________Impact Berm1. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:2. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Firing Line Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:3. Describe Area of Erosion:Firing LineInitials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:Directions: Mark areas of erosion on drawing and describe in space below. Examples of erosion include: storm water runoff channels, dust clouds. Continue on reverse if necessary. 25698244O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-1_Range Monitoing Forms.xls11/16/2014Page 4 of 5
Date: ____________________FORM B-1e: Trap Range Monitoring FormJefferson County Sportsmen's AssociationEnvironmental Stewardship PlanInspected By:______________________1. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:2. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:3. Describe Area of Erosion:Initials:Describe Corrective Action and Date:Initials:Directions: Mark areas of erosion on drawing and describe in space below. Examples of erosion include: storm water runoff channels, dust clouds. Inspection bio-filter bags. Continue on reverse if necessary. 25698244O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-1_Range Monitoing Forms.xls 11/16/2014Page 5 of 5
Form B-2: Soil pH Monitoring Form
Jefferson County Sportsmen's Association
Environmental Stewardship Plan
Impact Berm Range Floor
NOTES: Soil pH monitoring should be conducted annually
Procedure for Measuring pH in soil:
1. In a clean container, mix 1 part soil with 1 part tap water or distilled water.
2. Mix thoroughly.
3. Allow mixture to settle for 10 minutes.
4. Calibrate pH meter following manufacturers instructions
5. Measure pH with pH meter, allowing reading to stabilize. Record reading.
6. Clean pH meter and container with tap water or distilled water.
Soil pHName of RangeDate Initials
25698208
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11/11/2014
Page 1 of 1
Form B-3: Bullet Recovery FormJefferson County Sportsmen's AssociationEnvironmental Stewardship PlanRange Name Pounds Recovered Intended Purpose DateDirections: Complete information line for each range where bullet removal is performed. 25698208O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-3_Bullet Recovery Log.xls 11/11/2014Page 1 of 1
Form B-4: Rounds Fired Form
Jefferson County Sportsmen's Association
Environmental Stewardship Plan
Type of Rounds Number of Rounds Fired Date
Directions: Complete information line for each type of round fired. Information will be used to determine
quantity of lead in berms.
25698208
O:\25698244 Jefferson County SAR\5000 Technical\ESP\App B Range Inspection Forms\B-4_Rounds Fired Log.xls
11/11/2014
Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX C
Range Signs
NOTICE
NO EATING OR
DRINKING AT RANGE
Avoid Lead
Exposure!
NOTICE
NO TOBACCO USE
ON RANGE
Avoid Lead
Exposure!
NOTICE
WASH HANDS AFTER
FIRING PRACTICE
Avoid Lead
Exposure!
NOTICE
CHANGE AND WASH
CLOTHING AFTER SHOOTING
OR CLEANING FIREARMS
Avoid Lead
Exposure!
APPENDIX D
Lead Fact Sheet
Appendix D-1
Lead Awareness Fact Sheet
Lead in Firing Ranges: Facts and How to Minimize Exposure
Facts:
How does exposure to lead occur on firing ranges?
Ammunitions and primers containing lead are the primary source of lead
dust in firing ranges. Lead dust generated when firearms are discharged
circulates in the air and settles on surfaces. Anyone using or working/
volunteering at the range may be exposed by inhaling the dust or by
coming in contact with surfaces contaminated with dust.
How does exposure to lead affect your health?
Symptoms of prolonged exposure to lead include muscle and joint pain,
hypertension, digestive problems, nausea, difficulty in concentration and
memory loss, irritability, and difficult pregnancies. Your family can also be
adversely affected as lead dust can easily be transported in clothing and
body. Children, in particular, can suffer from neurological disorders
including learning and behavioral problems, hearing problems, migraines,
and impeded growth.
How to Minimize Exposure to Lead Dust:
Housekeeping: All indoor surfaces should be kept free of lead
dust as it accumulates by using either a wet mop or a HEPA vacuum.
When replacing vacuum filters, follow the manufacturer’s instructions
and take care to prevent reintroducing trapped lead particles back into
the air. Immediately place the used filter into an appropriate, sealed
container for disposal. Wear appropriate protective equipment while
performing this task. Methods that stir up lead dust (e.g., sweeping or
use of compressed air) should not be used. While working in the
Indoor Range, the ventilation should be turned on (unless performing
work on the ventilation system). Housekeeping should be performed
on a regular schedule to remove accumulations of lead dust.
How to Minimize Exposure to Lead Dust:
Working Near Berms: Wear protective gear, including a dust
mask and safety glasses when working near the berms. Do not work
near the berms during dry and windy weather. Do not disturb the
berms. Lead recovery should only be performed by a qualified
contractor.
Ventilation: Maintaining stable, uniform airflow with good
ventilation reduces the level of lead dust in the air. Ensure that air
circulates across all shooting booths carrying the gun smoke away
from the shooter’s face.
Hygiene: Avoid eating, drinking, using tobacco products, and using
cosmetics on the ranges. Wash hands prior to handling food or
personal products. Remove lead dust from shoes and clothing by
HEPA vacuuming before entering lunch room facilities. Leave used
shoes and boots at the range or clean them before entering home or
vehicle. Remove range clothing and place in a bag for laundering.
Wash range clothing separately from other clothing. Upon entering
home, immediately shower to remove lead dust from hair and skin.
Additional information on lead can be found at the Center for Disease Control
and Prevention website:
http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/factsheet_lead.pdf
TIP: By using jacketed and plated ammunition, especially with a non-
lead primer, airborne lead level can be significantly reduced.
Jefferson County
Sportsmen’s Association
112 Gun Club Road
Port Townsend, Washington 98368
(360) 379-1065
Appendix D‐2 Lead Awareness Record Form
Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association
I certify that I have received the Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association Lead Safety Awareness
Fact Sheet:
Printed Name Signature
APPENDIX E
Lime Amendment Recommendations
Appendix E
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Jefferson County Sportsmen’s Association Lime Amendment Information
During the November 7, 2014 site visit, several soil samples were collected and tested
for soil pH from different ranges across the Parcel (See Figure 3 for sample locations).
Sample locations were chosen as best representative locations for areas of general use.
Table D-1 summarizes pH findings:
Table D-1: Summary of pH Findings on portions of the Jefferson County
Sportsmen’s Association Small Arms Range
Soil Sample Location pH Result
100 Yard Range Impact Berm 7.47 Within optimal pH range
100 Yard Range Floor 6.17 Outside optimal pH range
50 Yard Rifle Range Impact Berm 7.85 Within optimal pH range
Pistol Range Impact Berm 7.23 Within optimal pH range
Pistol Range Floor 7.36 Within optimal pH range
Trap Range Targetfall Zone 7.3 Within optimal pH range
Trap Range Shotfall Zone 6.34 Outside optimal pH range
Two sampled areas fall outside of the optimal pH range with pH readings below 6.5. Two
sampling locations tested outside the optimal pH range: the 100 Yard Range floor and
the Trap Range shot fall zone.
Soil pH across the parcel generally ranges from 5.2 – 5.9, according to soil pH ranges
provided in the Soil Survey for Jefferson County, Washington (NRCS, 1975).
Acidic soils are known to react with lead in lead shot and go into solution, thereby
making the lead transportable across the site during precipitation events.
One method of counteracting acidic soils is continual testing to ascertain soil pH and
treatment with a lime amendment if necessary. The Jefferson County Conservation
District offers per sample testing for a basic fee of $25 / sample. The lab will also include
recommendation for corrective measures http://www.jeffersoncd.org/category/soil-
testing/ There are also home test kits available from local home improvement stores for
basic pH.
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Recommended pH Balancing of Onsite Soil
Soils tend to become acidic as a result of rainwater leaching away basic ions (calcium,
magnesium, potassium, and sodium) as a result of carbon dioxide from decomposing
organic matter and root respiration dissolving in water to form a weak organic acid, and
as a result of the formation of strong organic and inorganic acids (such as nitric and
sulfuric acid) from decaying matter and the oxidation of various fertilizers. Strongly acid
soil are usually the result of the action of these strong organic and inorganic acids over
the years.
Soil acidity consists of active and reserve acidity. Most of the acid-causing elements
(hydrogen and aluminum) are held by the cation exchange sites of the soil particles and
organic matter. This is referred to as reserve acidity. Soil with large amounts of clay and
organic matter have high potential for reserve acidity. Soil pH is a measure of active
acidity, the hydrogen ion concentration in the soil solution. The active acidity is present
in the immediate environment of roots and microbes. The total acidity is the sum of the
reserve and active acidity. Lime neutralizes both the active acidity and some of the
reserve acidity. As active acidity is neutralized by the lime, reserve acidity is released
into the soil solution, maintaining the active acidity or the pH. The ability of a soil to resist
changes in pH is called buffering capacity and is largely due to the reserve acidity. More
lime is required to neutralize acidity on a highly buffered soil compared to a less buffered
soil. More applications of lime may be required, although the actual amounts being
applied may be significantly smaller in volume. Several factors contribute to the amount
of lime required for each site.
Effect of Soil Type
Soil type or texture will affect the application rate of lime-products due to particle size
and porosity of the material. The more porous the material, the shorter the retention time
of the lime and neutralizing effect it will have on soil.
Sand particles are small, but compared to other soil particles they are largest. The other
two main categories of soil particles are silt, which is smaller than sand, and clay, which
is still smaller.
Sand. Water and nutrients move through sand and sandy soil faster, meaning lime may
need to be applied more often.
Loam. These soil have an even mix of all mineral particle sizes. Loams are the most
prevalent soil type observed at the proposed range.
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Clay. Microscopic clay particles pack together tightly. Water and nutrients move into and
through clay soil slowly. Clays retain water and nutrients for longer periods of time,
potentially requiring less applications of lime.
Particle fineness is important for lime effectiveness. The neutralization effect is greater
with small particles because of increased total surface area exposed to the soil acidity.
Lime distribution in the soil also is important because the lime effect of a particle extends
only about 1/8 inch. A predominance of sand particles makes a lighter, more open soil
with lots of channels for air and water circulation. Minute clay particles pack together
tightly making a clay soil heavier, more dense, and with less favorable air and water
circulation. Because of the greater density of clay soil, more lime may be required to
change the pH.
Types of Lime Amendment
Lime amendment generally means either calcium carbonate (calcite or calcitic
limestone), or calcium-magnesium carbonate (dolomite or dolomitic limestone). Other
forms include true lime (calcium oxide), and slaked, builder's, or hydrated lime (calcium
hydroxide). True lime is highly caustic making handling difficult. Hydrated lime has more
neutralizing power than limestone so it requires smaller quantities to achieve the same
results. Hydrated lime is less caustic than true lime and is often available in a pelletized
from, which is easy to apply.
Dolomite lime is the most common type of dry lime due to cost considerations and ease
of application1. Liming materials are relatively inexpensive, comparatively mild to handle
and leave no objectionable residues in the soil. They can be applied slowly (over a
period of months) to raise soil pH. Both calcitic and dolomitic lime sources work well in
raising soil pH. Dry limes come in either a powder or pelletized form.
Liquid lime is a formulation of approximately 50 percent high quality dry Agricultural lime
(usually greater than 90 percent) and 50 percent water. It has the advantage of providing
better uniformity of spread over a large area in comparison to dry lime. There are three
main disadvantages of liquid lime. First, there are normally higher operational costs
since both water and lime needs to be hauled across the field. Secondly, under-liming is
more likely to occur with liquid lime due to spread rate. Finally, more frequent lime
applications are often needed since liquid lime reacts quicker than a dry lime source, but
the rate may not be high enough to correct all the reserve acidity. One must be very
careful of the rate at which liquid lime is applied.
1 University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension Service. http://extension.unh.edu/FHGEC/docs/Liming.htm
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Considerations for determining the types of lime to be applied include not only cost per
acre, but also ease of handling, frequency of use and storage. For the Ruger Range, it is
recommended that a dry lime consisting of hydrated lime or dolomite be utilized.
Application
Applying dry type lime is very similar to applying common fertilizer. Either a drop
spreader or a rotary spreader can be used. Uniform surface coverage is key as the pH
adjustment occurs in the immediate vicinity of the lime and essentially stays where it’s
put. To insure even coverage, one half of the lime should be applied in one direction,
and the remainder applied in a perpendicular (crisscross) direction. It is simple to
determine if surface coverage is uniform because of the visible white color. Mixing of the
soil is not recommended due to the presence of lead shot.
Mixing of lime amendment into the soil will eventually occur because of lime falling into
soil cracks, earthworm activity, soil disturbance with planting and other maintenance
activities, and irrigation and/or precipitation moving the lime downward. The effect of
surface-applied lime has been found to move downward at about 1/2 inch per year on
fine-textured soil.
Lime takes time to neutralize soil acidity. Often as much as six months may be needed
before pH changes significantly. Neutralization will be quicker if particle size is small
(less than 60 mesh). Therefore, a fine-grained lime amendment should be used during
the first application because it will react more quickly with the soil. Range use can start
after the first application because the lime amendment is applied to the ground surface,
collocated with the shot and bullets, and mixing is not required. The soil pH should be
measured again in about 6 months and additional lime should be applied as
necessary. It may take multiple lime applications to balance soil pH. It is best to apply
small amounts of lime more frequently to maintain soil pH in a no-till system2.
2 Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. http://www.noble.org/ag/soil/limingquestions/
APPENDIX F
Shotgun Wad Collection Information
Appendix F
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Typical 16-inch, hand operated mechanical raking device.
Typical tractor-towed device.
Recommended Shotgun Wad Recovery
Recovery of shotgun wads and used
shotgun shells is recommended to
prevent excessive buildup of plastic on
the range. Recovery of spent wads can
be conducted either by hand, raking, or
by using specialized mechanical
equipment.
A mechanical raking device, similar to
devices used on a golf driving range, are
available for shotgun wad and shell
removal The mechanical raking devices are wheel driven, and are propelled manually or
towed by a small tractor or four-wheeler. Raking devices are a good, low-cost option for
sites with relatively flat terrain that include compact shooting stations where the units can
be easily maneuvered.
Recovery of shotgun wads by hand can
be conducted either by picking up
individual wads or using a handheld
collection device (see website listing
below). The advantage for hand collection
is less disturbance to local vegetation and
being able to collect wads and shotshells
in more confined spaces. However, this is
a more time intensive process due to the
small amount of wads that are collected
per event.
Another third mechanical option for
collection of shotgun wads and shells
includes the use of mechanical
vacuuming devices (parking lot vacuum). A wide variety of mechanic vacuums are
available, and can manually propelled, self-supported driving vehicles, or mounted in a
pickup trucks or tractors for use in areas of steep and uneven terrain.
Recovery of shotgun wads is recommended to prevent the materials from migrating off
the range by wind or water. Residual lead is present on the shotgun wads and used
shells and removal is recommended to prevent the lead migrating off the range.
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Shotgun wad raking devices can be purchased online by specialized vendors, including:
https://www.ammoupusa.com/pick-up-shotgun-shells/
http://www.uniquetek.com/site/696296/product/T1310#brass_wizard_ii
Mechanical Vacuums can be
purchased online or from
brick and mortar specialized
vendors. The type and
effectiveness of the vacuum
equipment can be affected
by range topography, surface
roughness, and surface
materials. The flatter and
smoother the range floor
being vacuumed, the more
efficient the machine will be.
For ranges with very heavy amounts of shotgun wads or shot shells, rental of a truck
mounted vacuum device may be warranted to maximize efficiency in collection.
The vacuuming action may generate dust that
could contain lead from shotgun wads. Proper
safety clothing should be worn when conducting
collection, including dust mask, protective
eyewear and, in the case of mechanical
vacuums, hearing protection.
Safety should be considered for sites with steep
slopes. This may dictate the type of collection
device most appropriate for the Range.
Vacuuming devices can be purchase or rented online by specialized vendors, including:
http://www.industrialairsolutions.com/industrial-vacuums/Vacuum_Sweepers/elephant-
vac-litter-vacuums.htm
http://www.nitehawksweepers.com/sweepers