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STRATUM GROUP
1451 Grant Street, Bellingham, WA 98225
Phone (360) 714-9409
June 13, 2005
Thank N~uyen
265 243 Avenue SE
Samamish, WA 98074
Re: Geology Assessment of Beach Access Trail
20 Ta1a Shore Drive
Hadlock, WA
Deaz Mr. Nguyen:
JUN 1 52005
., t _
Stratum Group is pleased to present the results of our geologic evaluation of a beach access trail.
The purpose of this geology evaluation was to evaluate the existing trail route and evaluate the
feasibility of reconstructing. portions of the route to the beach as the wooden stairs have partially
collapsed at several locations such that they are impassable. The evaluation was done in regards
to geologic slope stability and potential impacts to beach processes as well as cost impacts.
This evaluation was based on a visual inspection of the shoreline bluff slope, properties in the
vicinity of the route, a review of available geologic mapping in the area and conditions on the
shoreline.
GENERAL GEOLOGY
Northwestern Washington has been occupied by continental glaciers at least four times during
the Pleistocene Epoch (1.6 million to 10,000 years ago). During these glacial and accompanying
interglacial periods, the underlying bedrock was deeply eroded. The Geologic Map of the Lincas-
Port Ludlow Area Jefferson County, Washington (Hanson, 1976) and the Geologic Map of
Surficial Deposits in the Seattle 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington (Yount, Minard, and
Dembroff, 1993) indicate that the subject property is underlain by Vashon glacial till. The till
consists of very compact, poorly sorted clay, silt, sand and gravel with occasional boulders
deposited directly by glacial ice approximately 16,000 years ago.
Observations of the upland area on the property and on the upper slope of the shoreline bluff are
consistent with the mapping described above. However, consolidated preglacial deposits
consisting of very compact silt are present on the bluff slope of the subject property.
The shoreline bluff at the subject property and along the coast at this location is an erosional
bluff and provides sand and gravel for beaches along the bluff and beaches to the south of the
bluil=. The bluff is exposed to periodic lazge wave action from the open waters towards the
northeast of the bluff. Hence north to northeast winds will generate large waves that will erode
the base of the bluff. This erosion undermines the base of the bluff causing slope failures at the
base that create an over steep slope. Subsequent failures then take place further up the slope as
June 13, 2(Ids JUN i 5 ~
20 Talc Shore Drive, Port Ludlow, WA
Geology As~sment of Trail _
the slope reestablishes itself to the angle of repose. _ _:_:____~___- ~
SPECIFIC SITE OBSERVATIONS
The slope of the shoreline bluff traversed by the trail is underlain by very compact glacial till and
very compact preglacial silt deposits. The overall slope of the bluff is approximately 45 degrees.
However, there are steeper sections of the bluff and a few areas that are less steep. Steeper areas
were limited to areas neaz the base of the bluff and areas neaz the mid portion of the bluff where
past landslide scarps were present. The overall height of the bluff at the subject site traversed by
the trail is approximately 50 feet. The steep shoreline slope is covered primarily with blackberry
with a few alder trees and willow trees neaz the base of the slope.
The existing trail traverses the upper slope of the bluff along a cut slope .trail that angles down
the bluff slope from the south towards the northeast. The trail switches back neaz the north
properly line and ends at the top of the existing wood stairs approximately mid way between the
north and south property lines. The top of the wood stairs is located slightly higher than the mid-
point down the bluff slope. The existing trail is in good condition and except for slightly uneven
surface areas does not require any improvements.
The wood stairs leads directly down the slope approximately 15 feet to a wood platform landing.
The support beams for the wood stairs span the entire distance to the platform. Because of wood
rot at the platform, the support beams have partially lost support and hence the stairs are leaning
are very difficult and dangerous to negotiate. From this wood platform the stairs angle down the
slope in similar fashion to another landing. Like the landing area above, this landing has partially
collapsed and has been completely overgrown with blackberries. The combination of tutted
supports and blackberries has rendered this section of stairs impassable. A final set of steps leads
to the shoreline.
The shoreline of the property consists of a rock riprap approximately 6 feet above the beach. The
beach is a cobble beach with sand and gravel. The shoreline along this stretch of coastline is an
eroding bluff. Erosion from the bluff provides sediment to the beach along the base of the bluff:
Essentially wave action at the toe of the bluff erodes the lower slope and oversteepens the bluff
slope. Overtime the slopes above will then collapse onto the shoreline below and the process will
repeat itself. The overall net drift at the shoreline is from north to south. Sediment on the beach is
transported ficom the north to the south in the vicinity of the subject property due to the angle at
which the prevalent waves strike the shoreline.
Rock riprap similar to the subject property is located at the base of the slope along numerous
properties to the north of the subject property including the property immediately north of the
subject property. A rock riprap bulkhead protrudes out over the beach three lots north of the
Strum Group
File: 6.8.OSB
2
June 13, 2005
20 Tala Shore Drive, Port Ludlow, WA
Geobgy Assessment of Trail
JUN 1 52005
-~ s
_._J
subject property. This bulkhead protrudes faz enough out into the tide zone to effect shoreline
drift. The beach north of this bulkhead is broader than the beach south of the bulkhead and the
bulkhead is deflecting sediment into deeper water such that the shoreline south of the bulkhead
will over time be impacted.
Besides the impact of shoreline armoring along this stretch of coastline, the shoreline bluff slopes
along most of the shore in this area has been stripped of trees. The tree removal has two effects:
the loss of root strength will cause bluff slopes to be more likely to fail, and there will be a lack
of lazge, erosion resistant woody debris in the landslide material if the slopes do fail.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on beach morphology and the slope conditions, the existing route to the shoreline is
presently stable and would be a good location for accessing the beach with minimal disturbance
to the slope above the beach. The reconstruction of the damaged sections of wood stairs will not
cause slope stability problems that will impact the slope or beach as long as our
recommendations are followed.
I recommend that the existing ladder stairs spanning the steep lower portions of the bluff slope be
replaced with similaz ladder stairs. Any type of structure that spans the steep slopes is acceptable.
The supports for the ladder step spans should be supported by posts embedded into the ground
surface of the slope at least three feet. The use of concrete piers for the supports will last longer
than using wood. The stair landing should continue to be located at the top of the rock riprap
bulkhead.
The trail landing on top of the rock riprap bulkhead is stable. Some minor scouring of material
from the top of the bulkhead is evident. The scour is the result of periodic lazge waves that flow
up onto the bulkhead. Replacement of gravel on top of the bulkhead can be done to level the
bulkhead. However, gravel and cobbles used should be of similar size to the sediment on the
beach and no beach material should be used at the bulkhead site.
Cutting back blackberry brush in order to access the trail is acceptable in order to be able to
install the trail and walk on the stairs without getting cut. The cutting back of blackberry brush
will provide the opportunity to plant native vegetation along the trail route that has better root
strength than blackberry, will be easier to maintain and esthetically more pleasing. There are a
variety of plants that would improve the route to the shoreline. Willows are already present neaz
the base of the slope. Hooker Willow has good rooting and is tolerant of salt spray. Pacific
Willow (on wet areas) and Scouler Willow (on drier areas}are also usefiil and do not grow to
heights that will block views and are tolerant of trimming. The Washington State Department of
Ecology suggests a variety of plants for slope stability.
Stratum Group
Fik: 6.8.058
3
r
June 13, 2005
20 Tala Shore Drive, Port Ludlow, WA
Geology Assessment of Trail
~~~
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CLOSURE
Please note that there aze inherent risks associated with lots neaz or adjacent to steep slopes.
These are risks that the building owner (in this case the trail owner) should recognize and be
willing to accept. If conditions appeaz different than those described in this report, or other
concerns arise, we request that we be notified so we can review those areas and modify our
recommendations as required.
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you. Should you have any questions regazding
please contact our office at (360) 714-9409.
Sincerely yours,
Stratum Group
Dan McShane, L.E.G., M.Sc.
Licensed Engineering Geologist
Shawn Group
File: 6.8.056
4
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