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HomeMy WebLinkAboutWSB_54_BookGEOLOGY AND GROUND -WATER RESOURCES OF EASTERN JEFFERSON WATER SJPPLY BULLETIN M64. • • A GTON 3 ai COVER From the southern end of the Toandos Peninsula, one can look westward across the meeting of Dabob Bay with Hood Canal and up the Dosewallips Valley to Mount Constance (photo by R. J. Carson). Water Supply Bulletin No. 54 GEOLOGY AND GROUND -WATER RESOURCES of EASTERN JEFFERSON COUNTY, WASHINGTON by PEDER GRIMSTAD Washington Department of Ecology and ROBERT J. CARSON In Cooperation with Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources and Jefferson County Public Utility District No. 1 State of Washington John Spellman, Governor Department of Ecology Donald W. Moos, Director Olympia, Washington April 1981 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose and Scope of the Investigation 1 Location and Extent of the Area 1 Previous Investigations 1 Acknowledgments 5 Well Numbering System 6 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC SUBAREAS 6 CLIMATE 7 GEOLOGY 7 Geologic History 9 Tertiary Period 9 Quaternary Period 9 Pleistocene Epoch 9 Holocene Epoch 15 Stratigraphic Units and their General Water -Bearing 15 Characteristics Tertiary Rocks 15 Volcanics 15 Sedimentary Rocks 17 Quaternary Deposits 19 Pleistocene Deposits 20 Pleistocene Deposits, Undifferentiated 20 Vashon Drift 23 Advance Outwash 23 Lodgment Till 24 Recessional Drift 26 Holocene Deposits 29 GROUND WATER 30 Hydrologic Setting 30 Recharge 30 Discharge 33 i TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Page GROUND WATER - Continued Occurrence and Development 33 Foothills of the Olympic Mountains 36 Bolton and Toandos Peninsulas 36 Chimacum Drift Plain 37 Quimper Peninsula and Protection Island 39 Miller Peninsula 40 Indian and Marrowstone Islands 41 CONCLUSIONS 41 REFERENCES CITED 45 GLOSSARY 49 INDEX 57 ii ILLUSTRATIONS (plates in pocket) Page Plate I. Geologic map of eastern Jefferson County. Plate II. Geologic cross sections and geologic legend, eastern Jefferson County. Plate III. Well location map of eastern Jefferson County. Figure 1. Map of Northwestern Washington. 2 2. Index map of project area and diagram showing well 3 numbering system. 3. Map of northeastern Clallam and eastern Jefferson 4 Counties. 4. Mean annual precipitation in inches for eastern Jefferson 8 County and outlying areas. 5. Leland Lake meltwater channel. 14 6. Eocene basalt in Mats Mats quarry. 16 7. Basalt flow in Eocene Crescent Formation. 16 8. Near -vertical beds of upper Eocene siltstone. 19 9. Weathered pre-Vashon till. 20 10. Possession till near Leland Lake. 21 11. Cross -bedded sand on Marrowstone Island; interpreted 22 to be Vashon advance outwash. 12. Stratified cobble to boulder gravel (Vashon advance 24 outwash) overlain by Vashon lodgment till. 13. Vashon lodgment till. 25 14. Bluff of Vashon lodgment till in Port Townsend. 26 15. Everson glaciomarine drift on Protection Island. 27 16. Vashon ablation till exposed in road cut near 28 Port Ludlow. 17. Vashon ice -contact stratified drift on the north- 28 western Quimper Peninsula. iii ILLUSTRATIONS - Continued Page Figures - Continued 18. Gravel pit in delta of Vashon recessional outwash, 29 Chimacum Drift Plain. 19. Mean annual water budgets for Port Townsend and 31 Quilcene. 20. Water level fluctuations in observation wells and 34 precipitation at Chimacum during the period 1968-73. 21a. Graph of percentage of canvassed wells vs. depth to 35 water. 21b. Graph of percentage of canvassed wells vs. water 35 bearing materials. TABLES Table 1. Quaternary stratigraphy in western Washington. 11 2. Correlation of Whidbey Island rock-stratigraphic units with 12 the geologic -climate units of western Washington. 3. Sedimentary rocks of eastern Jefferson County and eastern- 18 most Clallam County. 4. Records of wells. 61 5. Drillers' logs of representative wells. 89 6. Factors for converting pertinent English units to metric units. 125 iv ABSTRACT The northeastern Olympic Peninsula, including eastern Jefferson County and the easternmost part of Clallam County, is divided physiographically into Foothills of the Olympic Mountains, Bolton and Toandos Peninsulas, Chimacum Drift Plain, Quimper Peninsula and Protection Island, Miller Peninsula, and Indian and Marrowstone Islands. Mean annual precipita- tion ranges from less than 20 inches at the northern edge of the area to more than 60 inches at the southern end. The bedrock is Eocene and Oligocene volcanics and clastic sedimentary rocks. The deposits of three glaciations by the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet are probably equivalent to Double Bluff, Posses- sion, and Vashon Drifts on Whidbey Island. Other Pleistocene sediments present are a weathered pre -Fraser drift in the Brinnon area, Everson glaciomarine drift on Protection Island, and the interglacial Whidbey Formation. Holocene environments of deposition include floodplains, deltas, alluvial fans, beaches, lakes, marshes, swamps, and dunes. Ground water is found throughout the area, but the amount available to properly constructed wells varies considerably and is dependent on holding capacities, transport capabilities, and amounts of recharge to the aquifers. Tertiary sedimentary rocks which lack porosity and per- meability yield little or no water. Tertiary volcanic rocks are more productive, but depth to water and the amounts available are not readily predictable. The best supplies of ground water are generally found in Vashon advance outwash, Vashon recessional drift, and Holocene flood plain alluvium. Generally there is an adequate amount of ground water available for the anticipated future growth of eastern Jefferson County when recharge over the entire area is considered. However, the likelihood of completing single wells with adequate production to satisfy large demands, even in areas underlain by Quaternary sediments, appears questionable. To date, high -volume wells have been completed near Chimacum, in the Eagle Creek 9 v area of Miller Peninsula, and in sands and gravels in hydraulic conti- nuity with nearby streams. Although water quality studies were not conducted, the presence of iron, manganese, and nitrate has been noted in wells throughout the area. vi INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope of the Investigation The study was undertaken by the Water Resources Investigations Section of the Washington State Department of Ecology as part of an ongoing program to determine the geohydrology of the State of Washington. The choice of the area was dictated by the mounting demand for ground water resulting from the steady population increase in this portion of the Puget Sound area plus the added influx of people because of the U.S. Navy's Trident project. Data on ground -water availability are needed so that possible sources for future demands can be delineated. The purpose and scope of the report, therefore, is to identify the geologic units, to determine their areal extent and thickness, and to discuss their water -yielding characteristics. Location and Extent of the Area The 350-square-mile study area (Figures 1, 2, and 3) is the eastern portion of Jefferson County plus the Miller Peninsula in northeastern Clallam County. Most of the project area lies within the western Puget Lowland, except for the western portion which is situated in the foot- hills of the northeastern Olympic Mountains. The study area is bordered on the north, east, and south by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and Hood Canal. Previous Investigations The geology, the knowledge of which is important to the understanding of the occurrence of ground water, has been described in a number of reports. An early geologic investigation was made by Bretz (1913), who studied the glaciation of the Puget Lowland. The Pleistocene geology of Island County., just northeast of eastern Jefferson County, was studied by Easterbrook (1968). Sceva (1957), Molenaar (1965), and Deeter (1979) studied the geology and ground -water resources of the Kitsap Peninsula 1 O CANA DA U.S. � VANCOUVER� 9 9ELLNGHAM LMf. Baker ISLAND o Hy2r vltroRla • /\ `.FULL J 1\ Q R7RT ANGELES Q / AG VERETT w Me. Olympus \ Q Q O Z / 1 A/ S n� o ` 1 cc 1APA EXPLANATION MAXIMUM EXTENT OF CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET IN WESTERN WASHINGTON DURING VASHON STADE OF FRASER GLACIATION. W a Q Mlles PROJECT AREA Figure I MAP OF NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON (AFTER EASTERBROOK, 1969) . 2 PROJECT AREA PROJECT AREA T 25 N 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9/ 10 11 12 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 30 20 28 2 26 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 R2 W ©0l�a swam ammo© SECTION 29 -WELL 25/2W-29K2 Figure 2. INDEX MAP OF PROJECT AREA AND DIAGRAM SHOWING WELL NUMBERING SYSTEM. N70,'T < MILLER � PENINSUL 3 I I I I I 8la THEi 1IT5 OLYM_PIC- M OUNTAIN I S IQ Iw D- I< Iw I� 0 la to IQ: to Im I I� I I - IN I� I I F PERSON CO QUIMPER PENINSUL 4f ondol e \\ g Hodlock n 1 Chimacum CHIMACU M Center DRIFT Part PLAIN �QJ .00 Icene j co Q . Freeland sOUn'D le Port KITSAP NINSULA 0 QO 2 ngor Rwlebo O0 8 man r1 / 0 O BAINBRIDGE Silverdale c ISLAND (gq� eaheck N Winslow[. Bremerton Scale Figure 3. MAP OF N.E. CALLAM AND E. JEFFERSON COUNTIES. (HEAVY LINES DIVIDE REGION INTO PHYSIOGRAPHIC AREAS) N which is across Hood Canal from eastern Jefferson County. The Qua- ternary geology of the eastern Olympic Peninsula has been mapped by Frisken (1965), Birdseye (1976), Carson (1976), Gayer (1977), and Hanson (1977). The bedrock geology of the Olympic Peninsula has been mapped recently by Tabor and Cady (1978). Their map does not include eastern- most Jefferson County, but the geology of the Quimper Peninsula was studied by Durham (1944), Allison (1959), and Thoms (1959). Although some pumping tests and ground -water evaluations have been made in the study area, there are no published data which pertain to the availability of ground water. Walters,(1971) made a reconnaissance study of sea -water intrusion along the coast of Washington, including the inland waters of Jefferson and Clallam Counties. Data on the physical, cultural, and water -quality conditions of the lakes in northwestern Washington have been presented by Bortleson and others (1976). A soil survey by McCreary (1975) includes maps of the various soil types as well as descriptions and properties of each. A summary of the natural vegetation of the area can be found in a work by Franklin and Dyrness (1973). Based on the palynological record, Heusser (1965, 1977) has interpreted the Quaternary climate of the Olympic Peninsula and the Puget Lowland. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank all persons who permitted access to their wells and property and willingly offered information pertaining to them. The assistance of Mr. Mayberry of Hood Canal Drilling Company in locat- ing certain wells is gratefully acknowledged. The able assistance of Richard Birdseye, Jerry Bolland, Marty Gayer, Kathryn Hanson, and Alex Williamson who worked on the project during the summers of 1975 and/or 1976 contributed substantially to the data gathering phase of the study. Funds for the publishing'of this report provided by Jefferson County Public Utility District No. 1. I Well Numbering System The numbering system used in this report is based on the rectangular method for subdivision of public land, which indicates township, range, section, and the 40-acre tract within the section. In the well number 25/2W-29K2 (Figure 2), the part preceding the hyphen indicates suc- cessively the township and range (T.25N., R.2W.) north and west of the Willamette meridian and base line. Because the report area lies en- tirely north of the Willamette base line, the letter N has been omitted. The first number following the hyphen (29) indicates the section, and the letter (K) designates the 40-acre subdivision within the section. The numeral "2" indicates that this is the second well inventoried within the subdivision. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC SUBAREAS With the exception of the foothills of the Olympic Mountains, the report area lies entirely within the Puget Lowland. It is characterized, in general, by wooded, rather gently rolling, elongated, northerly trending hills with steep valley sides resulting from fluvial and glacial ero- sion. Steep, wave -cut bluffs along the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and Hood Canal are common and afford the best exposures of the area's lithology. Other exposures of bedrock and drift are found in road cuts and stream banks. Most of the area is drained by small, generally intermittent streams which flow northward and eastward into the inland waters of western Washington. The Duckabush, Dosewallips, Quilcene, and Little Quilcene rivers head in the Olympic Mountains and empty into Hood Canal and Quilcene Bay. For ease of discussion, the area has been subdivided into the Olympic Mountains, Miller Peninsula, Quimper.Peninsula and Protection Island, Bolton and Toandos Peninsulas, Indian and Marrowstone Islands, and a relatively large area which makes up the remainder, the Chimacum Drift Plain (Figure 3). E CLIMATE The climate of eastern Jefferson County is of the marine type; gene- rally, the summers are cool and comparatively dry and the winters are rather mild and wet. During the winter season, low pressure storms originating offshore move northeastward and encounter the Olympic Mountains which force the moisture laden clouds upward. This rapid ascent results in a decrease in temperature and great quantities of precipitation fall on the windward side of the mountains. As the clouds descend on the leeward side, the temperatures increase and lesser amounts of moisture are released. This results in a rather small area of low precipitation referred to as the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains. The average annual rainfall is more than 60 inches at the southern end of the report area near Brinnon near the eastern front of the Olympic Mountains, whereas farther away from the mountains at Port Townsend, it is less than 20 inches (Figure 4). The six weather stations in the area have a similar pattern of precipi- tation and differ only in the amount which falls during the wet season. Precipitation during July, the month of lowest rainfall at the four stations to the north, and during August at the Brinnon and Duckabush stations, is markedly similar. GEOLOGY Volcanics exposed in the foothills of the Olympic Mountains and in road cuts and rock quarries extending from Port Discovery southeastward to Squamish Harbor (Plate I) are the oldest rocks (Eocene Epoch) in the report area. These interfinger with or are overlain by sedimentary rocks (Eocene -Oligocene). Unconformably overlying the older indurated rocks are unconsolidated sediments (Quaternary). The latter cover most of the lowland area, are related to or are the direct products of gla- ciation, and are of paramount interest to those seeking ground water. 7 ONUJ Wi , .771AN OE rUCA ProlKt Port •��r / Townee ser�d r rowND(19a-omi IB e «r _4 3 2 � ONDJF1AA1AJJA9 6 Gardner p Ironda i •30—� 35� I 9 8 we Ve ?4 S 2 I O ONO, Oui /p C ((! 28 DUCKABWN(1908- m1 26 24 23 C 3Z BRINNON(18W -BID11 s O� ova MASON CO � Brinnon s �i AINBRIDGE JON DJFUAMJJ AS /yQ Silverdale i SL ND , eabeck N Wineb m � Bremerton Scale 1:250xm 5 0 Miles 5 Figure 4. MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN INCHES FOR EASTERN JEFFERSON COUNTY AND OUTLYING AREAS. 8 Geologic History Tertiary Period Most of the Tertiary rocks, which are widespread in the Olympic Moun- tains and scattered through the Puget Lowland, originated by volcanic and sedimentary processes on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Compres- sion between the continental crust of the North American plate and the oceanic crust beneath the Pacific Ocean resulted in the partial sub- duction of the sediments and volcanics beneath the western edge of North America. Tectonism during the Cenozoic caused the uplift of the Olympic and Cascade Ranges and considerable folding and thrust faulting of the rocks. The structural and topographic low called the Puget Trough, which developed between the Cascade and Olympic Mountains, was the site of Pleistocene deposition of glacial sands and gravels by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. These sands and gravels yield most of the ground water produced in the study area. Quaternary Period Pleistocene Epoch With the cooling of the climate and the attendant increase in snowfall, the large Cordilleran Ice Sheet originated in British Columbia and moved southward into Washington. The Puget Lobe advanced between the Olympics and the Cascades to the southern Puget Lowland, whereas the Juan de Fuca Lobe moved westward between the Olympics and Vancouver Island. Eastern Jefferson County is east of the divide between the two lobes (Long, 1975) and hence was buried by the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. During the glaciations, alpine ice in the Olympic Mountains expanded, but within the project area only the Duckabush and Dosewallips Valleys were significantly affected by the Olympic glaciers. i Temperature fluctuations caused the glaciers to advance and withdraw at least four times during the Pleistocene (Crandell et at., 1958). The established sequence.for the Puget Lowland is shown in Table 1. During each glaciation, a complex assortment of till, outwash, ice -contact stratified drift, and glaciolacustrine and glaciomarine sediments were deposited. The dominant sediments representing the interglaciations are fine grained fluvial, lacustrine, and marine sediments (mostly sand and finer) and peat. The greatest extent of ice in western Washington occurred during a pre -Fraser glaciation (Carson, 1970). Except for a few areas above 3,000 feet in the southwestern part of t'rle project area, eastern Jefferson County was entirely covered when the Cordilleran Ice Sheet occupied the Puget Lowland during the Fraser Glaciation about 14,000 years ago (Porter and Carson, 1971) (Figure 1). Most of the wells in the report area have been developed in glaciofluvial deposits of the Fraser Glaciation. Significant to an interpretation of the geologic history of the north- eastern Olympic Peninsula are Easterbrook's studies of the central and northern Puget Lowland (Easterbrook, 1963, 1968, 1969; Easterbrook et al., 1967). The Pleistocene stratigraphy of southern Whidbey Island, just northeast of eastern Jefferson County, is shown in Table 2. The glacial and non -glacial units on Whidbey Island correlate well with those, of the northeastern Olympic Peninsula with two exceptions. First, there is a pre -Fraser drift in the southernmost part of the project area (in the general vicinity of the Dosewallips and Duckabush Rivers) that is more weathered than Possession or Double Bluff Drift. Second, there are no sediments in eastern Jefferson County known to be equivalent to the Quadra Formation. Evidence for the first known advance of the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet onto the northeastern Olympic Peninsula is found in sediments believed to be equivalent to Double Bluff Drift on Whidbey Island. Dur- ing this glaciation, the Puget Lobe deposited till directly from the ice, and glaciomarine drift beneath floating ice. Meltwater deposited sand and gravel, probably as both advance and recessional outwash. 10 Table 1. Quaternary stratigraphy in western Washington (after Crandell et at., 1958; Armstrong et at., 1965; and others). Approximate Radiocarbon Epoch Geologic - Climate Units Age, 103 years Holocene 10 Sumas Stade Fraser 11 Everson Interstade Glaciation 13 Vashon Stade 16 Evans Creek Stade Pleistocene 20 Olympia Nonglacial Interval 28 Late Stade Salmon Nonglacial Interval Springs 72 Glaciation Early Stade 125? Puyallup Interglaciation Stuck Glaciation Alderton Interglaciation Orting Glaciation 11 Table 2. Correlation of Whidbey Island rock-stratigraphic units with the geologic - climate units of western Washington (after Easterbrook, 1976). Rock-stratigraphic Units (Easterbrook, 1968) Geologic -climate Units (see Table 1) Everson Glaciomarine Drift Everson Interstade Fraser Glaciation Vashon Drift Vashon Stade Quadra Formation Olympia Nonglacial Interval Possession Drift Salmon Springs Glaciation Whidbey Formation Puyallup Interglaciation Double Bluff Drift Stuck Glaciation The only prominent interglacial sediments found on the northeastern Olympic Peninsula are probably equivalent to the Whidbey Formation which was deposited between glaciations represented by the Double Bluff and Possession Drifts. These fine-grained, organic -rich sediments were deposited by meandering streams and in lakes and swamps on flood plains (Hansen and Mackin, 1949; Easterbrook et at., 1967). Drainage in the Puget Lowland was probably to the north and west. The next glaciation of eastern Jefferson County is recorded by outwash, till, and glaciomarine drift likely to be equivalent to the Possession Drift on Whidbey Island. Again, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet outgrew British Columbia and buried much of northwestern Washington, including almost all of the project area. Again meltwater in front of the advanc- ing and retreating glacier deposited outwash sands and gravels. The Olympia Nonglacial Interval is not well represented in eastern Jefferson County. Fluvial erosion probably was dominant after the deposition of Possession Drift and before the Fraser Glaciation. There 12 are some peats associated with fine-grained sediments on the northeastern Olympic Peninsula that may record the Olympia Nonglacial Interval, but no finite radiocarbon dates have been obtained. The Fraser Glaciation is the last and best known in western Washington. As the climate cooled during the Evans Creek Stade, the alpine glaciers of the Olympics and Cascades extended more or less to the edge of the mountains, reaching a maximum approximately 19,000 years ago (Porter, 1976). A limited amount of alpine drift is present in the lower valleys of the Duckabush and Dosewallips Rivers (Frisken, 1965), but farther north the Olympic glaciers did not reach the project area during the Fraser Glaciation (Long, 1974). The much larger Cordilleran Ice Sheet had a slower response time to the cooling climate of the Fraser Glaciation; the Puget Lobe reached the project area about 16,000 years ago (Porter, 1970) during the Vashon Stade. In front of the ice sheet were meltwater streams depositing outwash sands and gravels. As the Puget Lobe moved south between the Olympics and the Cascades, it blocked the northerly drainage of the southern Puget Lowland. Ice -dammed lakes were created which drained southward and westward; in these lakes accumulated fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. While the active ice sheet covered the project area, lodgment till was deposited at its base. As the climate warmed at the end of the Vashon Stade, the Puget Lobe retreated northward, leaving the project area about 13,000 years ago (Armstrong et aZ., 1965). In places, the retreat was characterized by an active ice margin; the typical result is a thin layer of ablation till over the pre-existing lodgment till. Elsewhere the retreat of the Puget Lobe was marked by ice stagnation and the accumulation of ice - contact stratified drift; associated landforms in the project area are eskers (east of Cape George), kame terraces, kames and kettles. Melt- water streams deposited recessional outwash, and glaciolacustrine drift accumulated in ice -dammed lakes. 13 Erosion as well as deposition occurred during the Fraser and previous glaciations. While the Puget Lobe occupied the area, it eroded not only pre-existing sediments but also the bedrock. Many bedrock hills were rounded, and many preglacial and interglacial stream valleys were modi- fied. Just before and after each passage of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, channels were eroded by vigorous meltwater streams (e.g., Leland Lake) (Figure 5). Figure 5. Leland Lake meltwater channel (photo by K.L. Hanson). The weight of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet depressed the land during each glaciation. As the southern edge of the Puget Lobe retreated northward past the northeastern Olympic Peninsula, marine waters invaded the Puget Lowland, initiating the Everson Interstade (Armstrong et al., 1965). Although sea level was lower than at present, the land was depressed, so marine waters floated the Puget Lobe, and glaciomarine drift was de- posited about 12,000 years ago. Afterwards, isostatic rebound was greater than sea level rise, so the glaciomarine drift is exposed (Pro- tection Island). 14 Holocene Epoch The constructive and destructive processes which have been sculpturing the land since the retreat of the ice remain active today. Sea bluffs are being eroded and the detritus is being in part redeposited as beaches, barriers, tombolos, and spits. Streams are eroding valleys, transporting sediments downstream and depositing the sediments in flood plains along stream channels or carrying them into lakes or bays where deltas are formed (Dabob and Quilcene Bays). Organic material is collecting in ponds and lakes where peat is being formed (Crockett Lake). Surface weathering and soil formation continue. Stratigraphic Units and Their General Water -Bearing Characteristics Plates I and II show the surface outcrops of the units to be described and their subsurface occurrence and relationship as interpreted from surface mapping and well log data. Tertiary Rocks Volcanics (Tv) The oldest exposed rocks in the project area are volcanics of the lower(?) and middle Eocene Crescent Formation (Tabor and Cady, 1978). These occur in the Olympic Mountains and in scattered outcrops extending from the southeastern side of Port Discovery to the northern shore of Squamish Harbor. In eastern Jefferson County the Crescent•Formation (Figures 6 and 7) is dominated by basalt flows and mudflow breccias, but also contains basaltic conglomerate, breccia, and minor argillite (Tabor and Cady, 1978). The only other igneous rocks of much extent in the project area are volcanics and shallow intrusives in the middle and upper Eocene Lyre Formation; in the vicinity of Anderson and Gibbs Lakes are andesite flows, tuff, and breccia (Tabor and Cady, 1978). 15 fi 4 Figure 6. Eocene basalt in Mats Mats quarry (photo by K.L. Hanson). It - Figure 7 Basalt flow in Eocene Crescent Formation (photo by R.J. Carson). 16 Because the Eocene volcanics are lacking in primary porosity and per- meability, water availability is dependent on jointing and fractures for the storage and transport of water. Where these are present below the saturated zone, water is producible; the quantity is dependent upon the interconnection of water -filled fractures penetrated by the well and recharge. Consequently, because of the random orientation of fractures, the yield of adjacent wells and the depth to water can vary greatly. Three wells used for domestic supply in Olympic -Canal Tracts (25/2W- 2lEl, F2 and F6) which are within 100 yards of each other and produce water from the volcanics, were drilled to 236 feet, 435 feet and 185 feet; water levels are below land surface at 32.5 feet, 207 feet, and above land surface (i.e., flowing well), respectively. Generally, the volcanics are not significant producers of ground water. However, several artesian wells on Hood Canal near the boundary between Jefferson and Mason Counties supply a number of homes. Reportedly, one well (25/2W-31L1) was test pumped at 60 gallons per minute (duration of pumping unknown) and another (24/2W-6E1) was tested at 55 gallons per minute for 48 hours. Sedimentary Rocks (Ts) Interbedded with and overlying the volcanics in the project area are Eocene and Oligocene sedimentary rocks (Figure 8). The wide distribu- tion of these clastic rocks is shown in Plate I. The formation names, ages, and lithologies are summarized in Table 3. The detrital sedi- mentary rocks are indurated and require secondary porosity and perme- ability to store and transmit water. The yield is low and wells de- pendent upon this source generally produce no more than 5 gallons per minute. 17 Table 3. Sedimentary rocks of eastern Jefferson County and easternmost Clallam County. Major Minor Formation Age Lithologies Lithologies References Marrowstone Middle Sandstone, Allison, 1959 Shale Oligocene siltstone, and shale Quimper Lower Sandstone Allison, 1959; Sandstone Oligocene Tabor and Cady, 1958 Twin River Upper Eocene Siltstone and Sandstone Sherman, 1960; Formation (in project mudstone Hamlin, 1962; area) Tabor and Cady, 1978 Lyre Middle and Conglomerate Shale and Allison, 1959; Formation upper Eocene and sandstone siltstone Tabor and Cady, 1978 Aldwell Middle and Siltstone Sandstone and Tabor and Formation upper Eocene conglomerate Cady, 1958 Scow Bay Early and Sandstone, Allison, 1959 Formation middle Eocene shale, and siltstone M- Figure 8. Near -vertical beds of upper Eocene siltstone photo by R.J. Carson). Quaternary Deposits Except for the igneous and sedimentary bedrock, the report area is underlain by unconsolidated -to -poorly -consolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel and lodgment till of Quaternary age. The maximum thickness of Quaternary sediments probably exceeds 2,000 feet beneath the northern shore of the Quimper Peninsula and the southeastern tip of the Toandos Peninsula (Hall and Othberg, 1974). A well drilled to a depth of 1,000 feet near the coast west of Diamond Point on the Miller Peninsula did not encounter bedrock. The Quaternary sediments, ranging from the oldest to the youngest, have been divided into five units: Pleistocene deposits, undifferentiated (Qu); Vashon advance outwash (Qva); Vashon lodgment till (Qvt); Vashon recessional drift (Qvr); and Holocene deposits (Qal). 19 Pleistocene Deposits Pleistocene Deposits, Undifferentiated (Qu) Overlying the Tertiary bedrock and predating the advance outwash of the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation are glacial and nonglacial de- posits, most of which correlate with the Double Bluff and Possession Drifts and the Whidbey Formation. In addition, a more weathered pre- Vashon drift (Figure 9) is exposed in the southernmost part of the project area (Frisken, 1965). This unit also includes early Vashon fine-grained sediments (sand, silt, and clay) deposited in relatively quiet environments. The most dominant characteristic of this unit is its variability in sorting, stratification, porosity, and permeability. It ranges from lodgment tills to fine-grained peaty sediments to glacio- fluvial gravels. Figure 9. Weathered pre-Vashon till (photo by R.J. Carson). 20 This unit does not have much areal exposure, being almost everywhere buried by till and other drift of the Uashon Stade. It is commonly exposed in shoreline bluffs such as along the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Hood Canal. Characteristically, two diamictons (till and/or glacio- marine drift) are located within this unit; the upper one is interpreted as Possession Drift (Figure 10), and the lower one, near sea level, as Double Bluff Drift. Figure 10. Possession till near Leland Lake (photo by K.L. Hanson). The glacial diamictons are aquicludes, but just above or below each may be limited aquifers in outwash sands and gravels. The Whidbey Formation and other nonglacial sediments may provide some water where sands are more prevalent than silts, clays, and peat. At the top of the Pleistocene Deposits, Undifferentiated unit is bedded to massive, brown -to -gray sand (Figure 11) with some thin beds of clay and lenses of gravel. This sand, exposed in many sea bluffs throughout the report area, is lithologically similar to and appears to occupy the same stratigraphic position as the Colvos (Molenaar, 1965), Esperance (hlullineaux et al., 1965), and Quadra (Clague, 1976) sands mapped else- where in the Puget Lowland. The sand is productive throughout the project area where present, but high yielding wells are the exception rather than the rule. 21 Figure 11. Cross -bedded sand on Marrowstone Island; interpreted to be Vashon advance outwash (photo by M.J. Gayer). The areal extent and thickness of the preserved portion of the Pleisto- cene Deposits, Undifferentiated unit is conjectural. Most of the approximately 2,000-foot thickness of Quaternary sediments across the northern edge of the area from the Miller Peninsula to Marrowstone Island and at the southern end of Toandos Peninsula (Hall and Othberg, 1974) is below Vashon advance outwash. Wells drilled to 1,000 feet on the Miller Peninsula (near Diamond Point) and to 1,462 feet on Marrow - stone Island (at Fort Flagler) did not encounter bedrock; field work suggests that the Vashon Drift is less than 200 feet thick near these two wells, so there is a considerable thickness of pre-Vashon deposits. This unit is mostly a product of deposition, erosion, and reworking by several advances and retreats of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The depo- sitional sequence is complicated by addition and removal of sediments by alpine glaciers and their meltwater originating in the Olympic Moun- tains. Further, fluvial and marine erosion and deposition occurred 22 during nonglacial intervals. These types of processes result in the abrupt termination of lithologic units in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Therefore, it is common to find coarse sand and open gravel which, if of sufficient thickness and/or areal extent, are capable of holding and transmitting large amounts of water, above, below, or ad- jacent to fine-grained sediments which will yield little or no water. Encountering a water -bearing unit does not guarantee a long-term, high - yielding well, however, as yield is a function of recharge, the unit's storage capacity, and its transport capability. Keeping the geologic processes mentioned above in mind, it is understandable why wells drilled near one another to the same depth may have yield characteris- tics which are markedly different. In general, the water yield of the Undifferentiated sediments is low, and often is sufficient only for single-family use. Vashon Drift This drift was deposited during the advance and retreat of the Cor- dilleran Ice Sheet during the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation. Because the Cordilleran Ice Sheet originated in British Columbia and crossed crystalline rocks on its route southward, granitics, quartzite, and gneiss are common clasts in Vashon Drift. As the drift was de- posited only about 14,000 years ago, it is generally weathered only a few feet. Advance Outwash (Qva) Outwash sands and gravels were deposited by meltwater in front of the advancing Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The gravels (Figure 12) are repre- sentative of a high-energy depositional environment near the front of the Puget Lobe, whereas the sands indicate slower moving streams which deposited their load farther away. Because of the subsequent movement of the ice over these unconsolidated sediments, advance outwash is missing in some places. 23 d, 4W x Figure 12. Stratified cobble to boulder gravel (Vashon advance outwash) overlain by Vashon lodgment till (photo by K.L. Hanson). Outwash sands and gravels generally have good primary porosity and permeability. If they occur below the zone of saturation and recharge is adequate, large quantities of water are producible from this unit. In general, Vashon advance outwash is the best aquifer in the project area. Lodgment Till (Qvt) Lodgment till (Figure 13), commonly known as "hard pan", resembles concrete because it consists of compacted, unsorted, unstratified mixture of clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet eroded existing bedrock and Pleistocene deposits and smeared the eroded materials at its base. The compactness is due to the pres- sure of the moving glacier on the fine-grained component of the lodgment till. 24 4W x Figure 12. Stratified cobble to boulder gravel (Vashon advance outwash) overlain by Vashon lodgment till (photo by K.L. Hanson). Outwash sands and gravels generally have good primary porosity and permeability. If they occur below the zone of saturation and recharge is adequate, large quantities of water are producible from this unit. In general, Vashon advance outwash is the best aquifer in the project area. Lodgment Till (Qvt) Lodgment till (Figure 13), commonly known as "hard pan", resembles concrete because it consists of compacted, unsorted, unstratified mixture of clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet eroded existing bedrock and Pleistocene deposits and smeared the eroded materials at its base. The compactness is due to the pres- sure of the moving glacier on the fine-grained component of the lodgment till. 24 k 2 Figure 13. Vashon lodgment till (photo by M.J. Gayer). Vashon till is near the surface over most of the project area, but is generally covered by at least a few feet of recessional drift or Holo- cene deposits. Outcrops of lodgment till are common, particularly near the top of sea bluffs; because the compact till is resistant to erosion, it protects the underlying unconsolidated sediments. A prominent out- crop is readily examined in the southeast facing bluff above the highway near the southern outskirts of Port Townsend (Figure 14). Because of its compactness and impermeability, the till is not a sig- nificant water producer. It retards the downward movement of water and serves as a base to hold it in overlying sands and gravels where it may occur in sufficient amounts for domestic use. Many of the lakes in the area occupy depressions in the impermeable till. Because it slows the downward percolation, it limits the recharge of underlying units which may be capable of holding and transmitting water. 25 Figure 14. Bluff of Vashon lodgment till in Port Townsend (photo by M.J. Gayer). Stratified sand and gravel are seen in scattered outcrops of the lodg- ment till, but the permeable layers and lenses of sediment make up only a small proportion of the'total unit. They may, however, contain enough water for domestic supply. The glaciomarine drift (Figure 15) of the Everson Interstade is included with Vashon lodgment till because it is unsorted, unstratified, and impermeable. The only significant amount of this unit is near the surface on Protection Island. Recessional Drift (Qvr) Vashon recessional drift is a unit which includes relatively porous and permeable sediments deposited during and just after the last retreat of 26 Figure 15. Everson Glaciomarine Drift on Protection Island (photo by M.J. Gayer). the Puget Lobe from western Washington. It consists of ablation till, ice -contact stratified drift, and recessional outwash. The ablation till (Figure 16) is unstratified, poorly sorted, and relatively loose because it was deposited from within or from the surface of the re- treating ice. The ice -contact stratified drift (Figure 17) was deposi- ted by meltwater running on, within, or adjacent to stagnant ice, and composes eskers, kames, and kame terraces. It generally exhibits con- siderable variation in sorting, stratification, and grain size. Re- cessional outwash (Figure 18) is sorted and stratified sands and gravels deposited by meltwater in channels, deltas (e.g., near•the mouths of Fulton Creek and the Dosewallips River), and alluvial fans. Because Vashon recessional drift is the last deposit left by the melting gla- cier, it is relatively undisturbed. It is generally lacking in clay and silt particles, has good porosity and permeability, and is capable of holding and transmitting large amounts of water if the unit occurs below the regional water table. 27 k � v'` y J.' Figure 16. Vashon ablation till exposed in road cut near Port Ludlow (photo by K.L. Hanson). .. R Figure 17. Vashon ice -contact stratified drift on the north- western Quimper Peninsula (photo by M.J. Gayer). 92 Figure 18. Gravel pit in delta of Vashon recessional outwash - Chimacum Drift Plain (photo by K.L. Hanson). Holocene Deposits (Qal) This unit as shown on Plate I consists of a wide variety of unconsoli- dated sediments of Holocene age. Stream sediments include flood -plain alluvium and alluvial fan deposits of gravel, sand, and silt; if in hydraulic continuity with a perennial stream, the alluvium will yield large to moderate quantities of water to relatively shallow wells. Lake, marsh, swamp, and lagoon deposits are the products of a less vigorous depositional regime and, therefore, are finer grained and yield less water. Deltas (e.g., those of the Duckabush and Dosewallips Rivers) and beach sands and gravels are porous and water productive; however, because of their proximity to sea water, excessive pumping may lead to salt water intrusion. The sand dunes at Point Wilson are close to sea level, and those on top of Protection Island are above the water table. Ce GROUND WATER Hydrologic Setting Recharge Precipitation is the main source of aquifer recharge in the study area. The amount of precipitation varies annually, seasonally, with locale, and with altitude. Only a portion finds its way to the aquifers; some is lost to evapotranspiration, the process whereby water is returned to the atmosphere by evaporation from the earth's surface and by transpira- tion from plants; some is lost to surface runoff and some is retained as soil moisture. The remainder becomes ground water. The mean annual water budgets for Port Townsend and Quilcene are graphi- cally portrayed in Figure 19. The portions of the graphs labeled "water surplus" are of particular interest because these represent the water available for aquifer recharge and surface -water runoff. The solid lines on the graphs represent precipitation, the dashed lines potential evapotranspiration, and the dotted lines actual evapotranspiration for soils having water -holding capacities of two inches and six inches. Evapotranspiration rates are determined by the Thornthwaite method which applies an empirical formula based on temperature and latitude; there- fore, the evapotranspiration curve closely resembles the temperature curve. With the advent of the rainy season in'October, the curves for precipitation and evapotranspiration cross and the soil moisture which was depleted during the dry summer months is replenished. In the Quil- cene area where the annual precipitation averages 50 inches, the re- plenishment is completed in November and a surplus of water available for surface runoff and aquifer recharge continues to build until the end of April when the lines of precipitation and evapotranspiration inter- sect again and soil moisture depletion begins. 30 PORT TOWNSEND WATER HOLDING 2.1 6. CAPACITY OF SOI L PRECIPITATION 18.3 POTENTIAL 25.2 TRANSPIRATION A RA A - 14.4 17.7 WATER SURPLUS !POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION\ "I WATER �\ PRECIPITATION i DEFICIT \. l...••••" ''•., � IL MOISTURE ,� .•.... \ �2ECHARGE R6 WATER SURPLUS SOIL MOISTURE UTILIZATION QUILCENE 2 SW WATER HOLDING 2 . 6 CAPACITY OF SOIL PRECIPITATION 50.0 PUFCN-TlALEVAP&25.I ANSPIRATI N TRANSPIRATI N 17.4 1203 WATER SURPLUS 32.6 29.7 PRECIPITATION POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WATER EVAPOTRANSPIRATION i�ACTUAL ��` SURPLUS \x \ WATER i'. • \.. WATER �� SURPLUS �""'• DEFICIT `� OIS SOIL IURE 2j1 RECHARGE SOIL MOISTURE UTILIZATION Figure 19. MEAN ANNUAL WATER BUDGETS. 31 At Port Townsend where the mean annual precipitation is much less (18.3 inches), recharge of soil moisture begins in October and continues until February when this demand has been satisfied. The amount available for runoff and aquifer recharge is insignificant (0.6 inch - 6 inch soil water -holding capacity) as compared with 29.7 inches in the Quilcene area. Precipitation and, therefore, the amount of water available for aquifer recharge and runoff is reflected in the drainage pattern. Quimper Peninsula is devoid of streams but moving southward in the study area, the number of streams increases as the mean annual precipitation becomes greater. Another factor affecting ground -water recharge is the underlying lith- ology. Where impermeable consolidated rocks (Tv, Ts) occur at land surface, much of the precipitation runs off. This is reflected in stream flow which fluctuates directly with changes in precipitation. In areas underlain by impermeable till (Qvt) which greatly impedes downward percolation, ponding with resultant evapotranspiration and runoff occur. In the more permeable units (Qva, Qvr, Qal), the movement of water to the ground water is more direct and less is lost to runoff and evapotranspiration. The storage of water underground is dependent on interconnected openings such as those existing between grains of sand, silt and clay, between pebbles, cobbles, boulders, and mixtures of any or all of these, and on fractures in bedrock. The fluctuation in the amount of storage is depicted by the plottings of water levels measured throughout the year from a fixed point (usually land surface). As seen in Figure 20, the water level fluctuations in these two wells near Chimacum reflect the changes in precipitation. As the precipitation diminishes during the spring and the usage of water increases, the water levels drop, indi- cating that discharge from the aquifers monitored by the wells is greater than recharge. With the advent of the wet season in the fall, the water levels rise and recharge exceeds discharge. 32 The curves constructed by connecting points of maximum drawdown (dashed lines, Figure 20) for each well are similar and indicate a decrease in the amount of discharge in 1970 and 1971. This may be the result of an increase in the amount of precipitation or a more favorable distribution of precipitation so that withdrawals from the wells were less. Discharge The water that finds its way to the ground -water system moves slowly under the force of gravity to areas of discharge. Most of it escapes to streams, lakes, and marine waters. All of the perennial streams in the area are sustained entirely by ground water inflow during the drier part of the year except those originating in the high Olympic Mountains which are largely snow fed. Where aquifers are cut by valley sides, man-made cuts, and sea bluffs, discharges occur as springs. Another type of discharge results from the pumping of wells. Ground -water Occurrence and Development As already indicated, ground water generally is found throughout the report area; the quantity of available water and water depth, however, vary considerably. A total of 374 wells, listed in Table 1 and plotted on Plate III, was canvassed. Water -level measurements were reported for 355 of the canvassed wells and a tabulation of depth to water measured from ground level indicates: Depth to Water in Feet Above ground level 0 - 25 26 - 50 51 - 75 76 - 100 101 - 125 126 - 150 151 - 175 176 - 200 201 - Unknown Number of Wells Percent 19 5 123 33 77 21 40 11 23 6 14 4 9 2 8 2 12 3 30 8 19 5 33 374 100% Q Figure 20. WATER - LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS IN OBSERVATION WELLS, AND PRECIPITATION AT CHIMACUM DURING THE PERIOD 1968-73. 5 Over 70 percent of the wells (Figure 21a) have water levels occurring at 100 feet or less and over 80 percent at 200 feet or less. 0 GROUND A -WATER LEVEL (FEET) 8 LL O 0 SAND I. VOLCANIC SEDIMENT- NOT GRAVEL ROCKS ARY ROCKS REPORTED 8 - WATER -BEARING MATERIALS Figure 21. PERCENTAGE OF CANVASSED WELLS RELATIVE TO WATER LEVELS (A) AND TO WATER -BEARING MATERIALS (B). Water -bearing zones consist of Quaternary sand and gravel in 228 wells, of Tertiary volcanics in 28, and of Tertiary sedimentary rocks in 18. The lithology of water -bearing zones was not described in 100 of the 374 canvassed wells (Figure 21b). In general, water productivity from the Quaternary sediments ranges from high to low whereas the quantity of water produced from Tertiary volcanics and sedimentary rocks is con- sistently low. Bailing tests of wells in the sedimentary rocks vary from 15 gallons per minute with a drawdown of 32 feet in 23 hours to 9 gallons per minute with a drawdown of 250 feet in 1 hour. Similar tests in Tertiary volcanic rocks range from 15 gallons per minute and no drawdown in 2 hours to 2 gallons per minute and 100 feet of drawdown in 2 hours. Ground -water development in the subareas outlined on Figure 3 is dis- cussed in the following sections. 35 Foothills of the Olympic Mountains This is a heavily forested area and much of it is national or state forest lands. It is lightly populated and most of the inhabitants live near the salt water. With few exceptions, all appropriated ground water is for household use. Some 60 wells, all of which are in or near the foothills, were located or measured in this subarea. Many of these are developed in the volcanics (Tv) or indurated sedimentary rocks (Ts), and with few exceptions are low yielding and adequate only for single family use. hells drilled in sands and gravels in hydraulic continuity with perennial streams or in sands and gravels of glaciofluvial origin which extend below the water table produce water of varying amounts; several are used for group domestic supply. Several wells with yields which are adequate for supplying a number of homes produce from volcanics. These are artesian and storage is in fractures and porous zones between lava flows. If a flow which is brecciated and vesicular at the top is overlain by one having a frac- tured base, and water is present, the resulting aquifer will be highly productive provided recharge is adequate. So far, few wells have found these productive zones and the quantity of water produced from basalt wells is limited. The indurated sedimentary rocks (Ts) are fine grained, have little or no primary effective porosity, and the fractures necessary for the storage and transmittal of water are not well developed. Wells in this litho - logic unit, as mentioned previously, are often dry or very poor producers. Bolton and Toandos Peninsulas The 15 wells located and examined in this subarea pump water from glaciofluvial deposits, but none have proven to be prolific producers. The only well drilled and completed for purposes of maximum production 36 is the Jefferson County Water District Well #3 (26/1W-33J1) near Coyle on the Toandos Peninsula. It was pumped for 22 hours at an average rate of 135 gallons per minute (gpm) with a drawdown of 64 feet; this equates to a specific capacity of 2+ gpm per foot of drawdown. The recovery from maximum drawdown to static water level was almost immediate. The well is 322 feet deep, the static water level is 227 feet, and the elevation of the well is about 245 feet above mean sea level. If a drawdown equivalent to 2/3 of the water column in the well (60 feet) were allowed during production pumpage, a yield of 120 gpm is feasible. Withdrawal at the above rate would result in a pumping level of 42 feet below mean sea level. As the well is about one-half mile from Hood Canal and it is assumed that pumping will be intermittent, sea, -water intrusion is not likely. However, if the well is pumped continuously and/or if more wells are added, monitoring for intrusion should be carried out. Outcrops of Tertiary sedimentary rocks at the southern end and at two locations on the eastern side of Bolton Peninsula indicate that the thickness of Quaternary deposits is limited and the possibility of extensive water development is poor. As discussed earlier, the under- lying Tertiary sedimentary rocks have proven to be tight and yield little, if any, water. Quaternary deposits in the central and southern parts of Toandos Peninsula are 1,000 to 2,000 feet or more in thickness and the probability of finding ground water there is greater. Caution should be exercised when withdrawing water from wells located near salt water because of the possibility of sea -water intrusion. This problem can be lessened by placing the pump intake immediately above mean sea level and thus avoiding complete reversal of the ground -water gradient which might lead to sea water being drawn into the well. Chimacum Drift Plain This subarea extends from the foothills of the Olympics to Hood Canal and Puget Sound, and from the arbitrarily drawn northern boundaries of Toandos/Bolton Peninsulas to the southern boundary of Quimper Peninsula. 37 Although this portion of eastern Jefferson County is characterized by the presence of glacial and glaciofluvial deposits, numerous outcrops of Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks occur throughout. Well yields based on the 130+ wells examined range from dry to some of the most productive in the report area. As in the previously described subareas, most of the land is wooded and the dominant industry is logging. Farming is concentrated primarily in West and Chimacum Valleys, and although some irrigation pumpage is taking place, it is sporadic. Practically all of the ground water being withdrawn is for domestic supply. The residents of Quilcene rely on individual wells for their water needs. Chimacum is supplied by the City of Port Townsend which diverts water from the Quilcene River. The development at Port Ludlow is supplied by water from several wells located in the uplands west of Port Ludlow. Of the wells examined, the more productive are: The Edgington Well (29/1W-24L1) which was test pumped in 1975 at the rate of 227 gpm for 72 hours. The maximum drawdown in the pumping well, 7 feet, was reached after 12 minutes and remained at this level for 72 hours. The specific capacity is = 32 gpm per foot of drawdown. Bailer and brief pumping tests reported in drillers' logs of two nearby wells indicate comparable capacities. The artesian aquifer(s) consisting of sand and gravel deposits was probably laid down by a fast -flowing glacial stream which winnowed out the fines, leaving a porous and permeable unit capable of storing and transporting large quantities of water. An irrigation well drilled in West Valley (29/1W-22R1) reportedly was tested at 250 gpm with a resulting drawdown of 11 feet (spe- cific capacity = 24 gpm per foot of drawdown). To point out the unpredictability of drilling in this area, another well located less than one-half mile east of the above and at a lower altitude near Chimacum Creek, did not find water -bearing sands and gravels as anticipated but encountered Tertiary sedimentary rocks instead. a] The two wells (28/lE-8H1 and 8Q1) which supply the Pope and Talbot Port Ludlow development were test pumped about two hours each and had specific capacities of 2.2 gpm and 4.0 gpm per foot of drawdown, respectively. To be highly productive, wells must be properly constructed and aquifers must have adequate porosity (storage), adequate permeability (able to transmit), and they must receive recharge. The buried sand/gravel aquifer(s) mentioned above which is so productive satisfies all of these requirements. The topographic basin (recharge area) for this portion of the Chimacum area is large when compared with others in eastern Jeffer- son County. Quimper Peninsula and Protection Island In this subarea are located the county seat, the largest concentration of people, and the largest industry in eastern Jefferson County. The water needs of Port Townsend, the Crown Zellerbach mill, and the towns of Irondale and Hadlock and vicinity are supplied by a pipeline from the Quilcene River. In addition to the surface water, ground water from two wells is added to the system. One of them (29/1W-3G), the highest yielding production well in the study area, was test pumped for about 24 hours. The rate of withdrawal averaged 500 gpm and the drawdown at this rate was about 4 feet (specific capacity = 125 gpm per foot of draw - down). An irrigation well (29/1W-3J1) located about one-half mile south of the above well reportedly was pumped at 400 gpm with a drawdown of one foot. These wells probably produce from the same aquifer, or one with similar properties, as the two wells with high production potential previously described in the Chimacum Drift Plain subarea. Other wells which have been pumped for an extended period of time at a relatively high rate of discharge are: Cape George Colony Well #4 (30/1W-18G1), which has been pumped at 200 gpm with a drawdown of 7 feet (specific capacity = 29 gpm per foot of drawdown) and the City of Port Townsend well south of Hadlock which has been pumped at 200 gpm and had 39 21 feet of drawdown (specific capacity = 10 gpm per foot of drawdown). The latter well, which formerly belonged to the Jefferson County Public Utilities District (PUD), is connected to the city's Quilcene River pipeline. There is no approved water source on Protection Island. A well was drilled in 1973 to provide property owners with water, but because of poor quality the system has not been approved. Reportedly, a pipeline from Diamond Point to the island is under consideration. Miller Peninsula This subarea is forest covered with a coastline consisting generally of steep bluffs which make beach access difficult, and this, plus the fact that much of the land belongs to the state, has slowed development. Water for the scattered year-round and vacation homes comes from indi- vidual wells or from wells which supply a number of homes. All of the withdrawals examined are from glaciofluvial sands and/or gravels except for some artesian wells south and east of Gardiner which reportedly produce from Tertiary sedimentary rocks. Two wells which have been used for a number of years for group domestic supply are: well 30/2W-21Q1 which was test pumped at a rate of 310 gpm for 10 hours with a maximum drawdown of 27 feet (specific capacity = 11 gpm per foot of drawdown); well 30/2W-28M1 was pumped at a rate of 125 gpm and the water level dropped 22 feet after 4 hours (specific capacity - 6 gpm per foot of drawdown). The Gardiner No. 1 well drilled in early 1979 for Jefferson County PUD, was tested at 990 gpm with 7.65 feet of drawdown (specific capacity = 129 gpm per foot of drawdown). This is an excellent well which ap- parently is developed in a buried glaciofluvial channel. The productive zone is interpreted to consist of 8 feet of sand and gravel. This is a relatively thin aquifer and points to the need for methodical explora- tory work to detect the productive zones and, subsequently, accurate screen installation and careful development. 40 Several wells drilled near the beach in the Diamond Point area (30/2W- 15N1 and 22M1) have been abandoned and one (15L1) was pumped cautiously because of sea -water intrusion problems. A test observation well drilled for the Department of Ecology (30/2W-17G1) produced sea water from zones 489 to 531 ft, 814 to 877 ft, and 970 to 1,000 ft., as measured from top of casing. Indian and Marrowstone Islands These two islands, like much of the study area, are forested and sparsely populated. The water used at Indian Island, a Naval reservation, is supplied by the City of Port Townsend system. At one time, Marrowstone Island had a number of farms, but most people presently living there work elsewhere or are retired. The inhabitants of Marrowstone Island, with the exception of those at Fort Flagler State Park, rely on ground water. The aquifers are primarily in glaciofluvial deposits where the static water levels are at or near sea level near the beach and somewhat higher farther inland. Wells on the peninsula west of Nordland produce small quantities of water from Tertiary sedimentary rocks. Efforts to drill adequately productive wells at Fort Flagler have failed and water is supplied from the City of Port Townsend Quilcene River source and comes from the mainland via a pipeline which extends northward on Indian Island and under Kilisut Harbor to the park. Reportedly, a well drilled to 1,462 feet at Fort Flagler encountered fresh water at 1,456 feet in Quaternary sediments but the quantity (3-4 gpm) was inadequate. Several wells in Section 20 of 30/1E on Marrowstone Island are reported to have been bailed at quantities of up to 30 gpm with no drawdown but extensive.tests have not been run. CONCLUSIONS The City of Port Townsend system, which receives water from the Quilcene River, services the city, the Crown Zellerbach plant, the Chimacum- Irondale-Hadlock area, Indian Island, and Fort Flagler State Park. 41 Ground water in the amount of about 500 acre-feet annually from two wells supplements the river diversion. It is estimated that about 8,000 persons are served by this system and about 1,000 use water from springs, streams, and lakes. The remainder of the 14,000 persons living in the report area, or about 5,000, are supplied from wells. Assuming that a household of 2 to 3 persons uses 1 acre-foot of water per year, the total withdrawal is estimated to be 2,000 acre-feet plus 500 acre-feet being pumped into the City of Port Townsend system plus about 1,000 acre-feet for irrigation or 3,500 acre-feet per year for all consumptive uses from aquifers in eastern Jefferson County. If one assumes an average normal precipitation of 30 inches over the 350 square miles of the report area (560,000 acre-feet), existing water usage of 3,500 acre-feet represents less than 1% of annual precipitation and the average recharge to the aquifers greatly exceeds this. There- fore, there is adequate recharge for satisfying future anticipated water demands from ground water when assessing it on the basis of the entire report area. However, in areas where Tertiary sedimentary rocks make up the aquifer host rock, ground -water availability is limited and often inadequate for single family use. In areas where Tertiary volcanic rocks must be relied upon, the possibilities are greater, but depth to water is an unknown and, in general, the wells are low yielding. In areas underlain by Quaternary sediments, a number of aquifers may exist because of the mode of deposition but, to date, on the basis of avail- able data, the areas where one can predict high yielding wells (500 GPM) are limited to near Chimacum, to the Eagle Creek area on the Miller Peninsula, and to sand and gravel deposits in hydraulic continuity with streams. This does not mean that high -yield wells having Quaternary objectives will not be completed in other areas. The recently drilled Jefferson County PUD well on the Miller Peninsula which tested abundant water (800 gpm) from a thin producing interval (8+ feet) is a good example and points to the need for more sophisticated explorational, screening, and developmental procedures than may have been used in the past. 42 Although water quality studies were not conducted, it is of interest that the highly productive wells near Chimacum reportedly have excessive amounts of iron, and/or manganese and/or nitrate and nitrite. The Pope and Talbot wells which supply the Port Ludlow development are treated to remedy manganese and hydrogen sulfide problems. The Cape George Colony wells on Quimper Peninsula and the wells used for community domestic supply on the Miller Peninsula are not being treated. Sea -water intrusion problems have been encountered in scattered wells along the shores of Miller Peninsula and eastern Jefferson County but, based on recently collected data, there has been no further deteriora- tion in water quality because of sea -water intrusion since a study conducted in the late 1960's (Walters, 1971). 43 REFERENCES CITED Allison, R.C., 1959, The geology and Eocene megafaunal paleontology of the Quimper Peninsula area, Washington: Univ. of Washington unpubl. M.S. thesis, 121 p. Armstrong, J.E., D.R. Crandell, D.J. Easterbrook, and J.B. Noble, 1965, Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology in southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 76, p. 321-330. Birdseye, R. U., 1976, Quaternary and environmental geology of east -central Jefferson County, Washington: North Carolina State Univ. unpubl. M.S. thesis, 93 p. Bortleson, G.C., N.P. Dion, J.B. McConnell, and L.M. Nelson, 1976, Recon- naissance data on lakes in Washington (Clallam, Island, Jefferson, San Juan, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties): Washington Dept. of Ecology Water -Supply Bull. 43, vol. 1, 248 p. Bower, Hermon, 1978, Groundwater hydrology: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 480 p. Bretz, J H., 1913, Glaciation of the Puget Sound region: Washington Geological Survey Bull. 8, 244 p. Carson, R.J., 1970, Quaternary geology of the south-central Olympic Penin- sula, Washington: Univ. of Washington unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, 67 p. Carson, R.J., 1976, Preliminary geologic map of the Brinnon area, Jefferson County, Washington: Washington Div. of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Map. Claque, J.J., 1976, Quadra sand and its relation to late Wisconsin glaciation of southwest British Columbia: Can. Jour. Earth Sci., v. 13, p. 803-815. Crandell, D.R., D.R. Mullineaux, and H.H. Waldron, 1958, Pleistocene sequence in southeastern part of the Puget Sound lowland: Amer. Jour. of Sci., v. 256, p. 384-397. Deeter, J.D., 1979, Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County: Western Washington: Western Washington Univ. unpbl. M.S. thesis, 175 p. Durham, J.W., 1944, Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington: Univ. Calif. Publ., Dept. Geol. Sci., v. 27, p. 101-212. Easterbrook, D.J., 1963, Late Pleistocene glacial events and relative sea - level changes in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 74, p. 1465-1484. Easterbrook, D.J., 1968, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Island County: Wash. Dept. of Water Res. Water -Supply Bull. 25, 34 p. Easterbrook, D.J., 1969, Pleistocene chronology of the Puget Lowland and the San Juan Islands, Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 80, p..2273-2286. Easterbrook, D.J., 1976, Quaternary geology of the Pacific Northwest, in Mahaney, W.C., ed., Quaternary stratigraphy of North America: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, p. 441-462. Easterbrook, D.J., D.R. Crandell, and E.B. Leopold, 1967, Pre -Olympia Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology in the central Puget Lowland, Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, p. 13-20. Franklin, J.F. and C.T. Dyrness, 1973, Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agr., Forest Serv. General Technical Report PNW-8, 417 p. 45 Frisken, J.G., 1965, Pleistocene glaciation of the Brinnon area, east -central Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Univ. of Washington unpubl. M.S. thesis, 75 p. Gary, M., R. McAfee, Jr., and C.L. Wolf, eds., 1972, Glossary of geology: Washington, D.C., Amer. Geology Institute, 805 p. Gayer, M.J., 1977, Quaternary and environmental geology of northeastern Jefferson County, Washington: North Carolina State Univ. unpubl. M.S. thesis, 140 p. Hall, J.B. and K.L. Othberg, 1974, Thickness of unconsolidated sediments, Puget Lowland, Washington: Wash. Div. of Geology and Earth Resources Geologic Map GM-12. Hamlin, W.H., 1962, Geology and foraminifera of the Mount Walker-Quilcene- Leland Lake area, Jefferson County, Washington: Univ. of Washington unpubl. M.S. thesis, 127 p. Hansen, H.P. and J.H. Mackin, 1949, A pre -Wisconsin forest succession in the Puget Lowland, Washington: Amer. Jour. of Sci., v. 247, p. 833-855. Hanson, K.L., 1977, The Quaternary and environmental geology of the Uncas-Port Ludlow area, Jefferson County, Washington: Univ. of Oregon unpubl. M.S. thesis, 87 p. Heusser, C.J., 1965, A Pleistocene phytogeographical sketch of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, in,.H.E. Wright, Jr., and D.G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States: Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press, p. 469-483. Heusser, C.J., 1977, Quaternary palynology of the Pacific Slope of Washington: Quaternary Research, v. 8, p: 282-306. Long, W.A., 1974, Final report: glacial geology of the northeastern Olympic Mountains: Northwest Science, Program and Abstracts, 47th annual meeting (Univ. of British Columbia), p. 35. Long, W.A., 1975, Extent of Puget ice in the Olympic Mountains during Salmon Springs and Vashon times: Northwest Science, Program and Abstracts, 48th annual meeting (Central Wash. State College), no. 76. McCreary, F.R., 1975, Soil survey of Jefferson County area, Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agr., Soil Conserv. Serv., 100 p. Molenaar, Dee, 1965, Geology and ground -water resources, in, M.E. Garling, Dee Molenaar, and others, Water resources and geology of the Kitsap Peninsula and certain adjacent islands: Washington Div. of Water Res., Water Supply Bull. 18, p. 24-50. Mullineaux, D.R., H.H. Waldron, and Meyer Rubin, 1965, Stratigraphy and chronology of late interglacial and early Vashon glacial time in the Seattle area, Washington: U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 11940, 10 p. Porter, S.C., 1970, Glacier recession in the southern and central Puget Lowland, Washington, between 14,000 and 13,000 years B.P.: Abstracts, First AMQUA Meeting (Bozeman, Montana), p. 107. Porter, S.C., 1976, Pleistocene glaciation in the southern part of the North Cascade Range, Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull. v. 87, p. 61-75. Porter, S.C. and R.J. Carson, 1971, Problems of interpreting radiocarbon dates from dead -ice terrain, with an example from the Puget Lowland of Washington: Quaternary Research, v. 1, p. 410-414. Sceva, J.E., 1957, Geology and ground -water resources of Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Surv.. Water Supply Paper 1413, 178 p. Sherman, D.K., 1960, Upper Eocene biostratigraphy of the Snow Creek area, northeastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Univ. of Washington unpubl. M.S. thesis, 116 p. 46 Tabor, R.W. and W.M. Cady, 1978, Geologic map of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington: U.S. Geol. Surv. Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map. I-994. Thoms, R.E., 1959, The geology and Eocene biostratigraphy of the southern Quimper Peninsula area, Washington: Univ. of Washington unpubl. M.S. thesis, 102 p. Thornthwaite, C.W. and J.R. Mather, 1957, Instructions and tables for computing potential evapotranspiration and the water balance: Drexel Inst. Technology, Lab. Climatology, Publ. in Climatology, v. 10, no. 3. Walters, K.L., 1971, Reconnaissance of sea -water intrusion along coastal Washington, 1966-68: Wash. Dept. of Ecology Water -Supply Bull. 32, 208 p. 47 GLOSSARY 49 GLOSSARY Many scientific or engineering terms have more than one meaning. In this glossary is given the meaning as used in this report. Most defi- nitions are adapted from Glossary of Geology (Gary et al., 1974). Ablation Till - loosely consolidated sediment, formerly contained by a glacier, that accumulated in place as the ice melted and evaporated. Advance Outwash - sediments deposited by meltwater streams before the site was overrun by the glacier. Alluvial Fan - low, outspread, gently sloping mass of stream -deposited sediments shaped like a segment of a cone. Alluvium - sediments deposited by streams, as on flood plains, deltas, and alluvial fans; the sediments are generally sorted and strati- fied. Andesite - fine-grained, volcanic rock of intermediate color, and with less calcium, iron, and magnesium and more silicon and sodium than basalt. Aquiclude - body of relatively impermeable sediment or rock which func- tions as an upper or lower boundary of an aquifer and transmits little if any ground water. Aquifer - a body of rock or sediments that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to conduct ground water and to yield economically significant quantities of ground water to wells and springs. Argillite - compact rock, derived from a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock, that has undergone a higher degree of induration than is present in a mudstone or shale. Artesian Well - well tapping confined ground water so that water level in well rises above the aquifer. Bailing Test - a method to approximate the yield of a well by bailing a known quantity of water in a given time. Barrier - elongate offshore ridge of sand or gravel rising above high tide, generally parallel to the shore and built up by the action of waves and currents. Basalt Flow - lava flow composed of dark -colored, fine-grained volcanic rock containing iron, magnesium, and calcium. Bedrock - rock, usually solid, underlying soil, drift, or other uncon- solidated superficial material. Boulder - detached and somewhat rounded rock mass having a diameter greater than 256 mm. 50 Breccia - coarse -grained clastic rock composed of large, dominantly angular fragments that are held together by a finer -grained matrix. Channel Fill - sediments deposited by a stream or meltwater in an eTongated depression eroded by water. Clastic - pertaining to or being a rock or sediment composed of broken fragments derived from pre-existing rocks. Clay - rock or mineral fragment or detrital particle having a diameter less than 1/256 mm. Cobble - somewhat rounded rock fragment having a diameter in the range of 64 to 256 mm. Confined Aquifer - aquifer bounded above and below by impermeable beds. Conglomerate - coarse -grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mostly rounded fragments larger than 2 rani in diameter set in a fine-grained matrix of sand, silt, mud, and/or cement. Consolidation - processes whereby loosely aggregated or soft earth materials become firm and coherent rock. Continental Crust - the upper 20 to 40 miles of the solid Earth, under- lying the continents and having a specific gravity of about 2.7. Delta - low, nearly flat land deposited at the mouth of a stream, re- sulting from the accumulation in a sea or lake of sediment supplied by the stream. Detritus - loose rock and mineral matter removed directly by mechanical means. Diamicton -nongenetic term for a nonsorted or poorly sorted sediment that contains a wide range of particle sizes. Discharge - (1) rate of flow at a particular time, expressed as volume per unit of time; (2) an area in which subsurface water reaches the land surface or a body of surface water. Drawdown - difference between the static water level and the water level after the removal of water. Drift - all rock material transported and deposited by glacier ice or meltwater. Eolian - pertaining to the wind. Esker - long, low, narrow, sinuous, steep -sided ridge of irregularly stratified sediments deposited by a meltwater stream flowing in an ice tunnel in a stagnant glacier. Evapotranspiration - loss of water through transpiration of plants and evaporation from open bodies of water and from soil surfaces. 51 Flood Plain - surface of relatively smooth land adjacent to a stream channel, constructed by the stream and partly or completely covered with water during floods. Flowing Well - well that yields water at the land surface without pumping. Fluvial - of or pertaining to rivers, streams, and creeks. Formation - mappable body of rock or sediment generally characterized by some degree of internal lithologic homogeneity or distinctive litho - logic features. Geohydrology - the study of flow characteristics of subsurface waters. Geologic - Climate Unit - inferred widespread climatic episode defined from a subdivision of Quaternary sediments. Glaciation - (1) erosional and depositional processes by glacier ice and the effects of such actions on the Earth's surface; (2) climatic episode during which extensive glaciers developed, obtained a maxi- mum extent, and receded. Glaciofluvial - pertaining to meltwater streams flowing from wasting glacier ice, and to the deposits and landforms produced by such streams. Glaciolacustrine Sediments - unconsolidated sediments, generally fine-grained, deposited in lakes dammed by or near a glacier. Glaciomarine Drift - sediments which and which contain a significant floating glaciers or icebergs. accumulated in the marine environment proportion of material dropped by Gneiss - banded rock formed deep in the Earth where temperature and pressure are high (but temperature was not high enough for melting to occur). Gradient - slope; in an aquifer, the rate of change of pressure head per unit of distance of flow at a given point and in a given direction. Granitic Rock - term loosely applied to any light-colored, coarse -grained igneous rock. Gravel - loose accumulation of rounded rock fragments, consisting domi- nantly of particles larger than sand. Ground Water - all subsurface water, as distinct from surface water. Hydraulic Continuity - property whereby water moves from one unit to another such as from stream to aquifer. Ice -contact Stratified Drift - sediments deposited by meltwater adjacent to glacier ice. Ice Sheet - an existing or former glacier of considerable thickness and vast area, forming a continuous cover of ice and snow over a land surface, spreading outward in all directions, and not confined by the underlying topography. 52 Igneous - pertaining to rock solidified from molten or partly molten material, whether formed at or beneath the Earth's surface. Induration - hardening of rock material by the action of heat, pressure, or the introduction of cement. Intermittent Stream - stream or stream reach that flows only at certain times of year, as during the rainy season. Interglaciation - climatic episode during which the climate was incompatible with the wide extent of glaciers that characterized a glaciation. Interstade - climatic episode within a glaciation during which a secon- dary recession or a still stand of glaciers took place. Intrusive - rock formed by emplacement of molten material in pre-existing rocks. Isostatic Rebound - upward adjustment of the Earth's crust in response to a reduced load; e.g., the melting of glaciers. Joint - surface of breakage in a rock, without displacement. Kame - low, steep -sided hill composed of irregularly stratified sediments deposited by a meltwater stream against the margin of a stagnant glacier. Kame Terrace - a long, narrow, relatively level surface bounded on one edge by a steeper descending slope and on the other edge by an ascending valley wall; composed of irregularly stratified sediments deposited by water between a melting glacier and the valley wall. Kettle - a depression in drift which may contain a lake or swamp; formed by the melting of a large, detached block of stagnant ice that had been wholly or partially buried in the drift. Lacustrine - pertaining to, or deposited in, a lake. Lagoon - shallow stretch of water near or communicating with the sea and partly or completely separated from the sea by a barrier. Lava Flow - solidified body of rock that was a surficial outpourinq of molten material from within the Earth. Lithology - physical character of a rock, including mineralogic composi- tion, texture, and grain size. Lodgment Till - compact unsorted and unstratified sediments deposited directly by and beneath a glacier. Marsh - poorly drained area, intermittently or permanently water -covered, having aquatic or grasslike vegetation. Matrix - Finer -grained continuous material enclosing, or filling the spaces between, the larger grains of a sediment or sedimentary rock. 53 Meandering Stream - stream having a pattern of successive windings. Mudflow - mass of fine-grained earth material (water saturated while flowing) and debris (e.g., basaltic clasts) that possessed a high degree of fluidity during movement. Mudstone - blocky or massive, fine-grained sedimentary rock consisting of clay and silt. Oceanic Crust - the upper 5 to 10 miles of the solid Earth, underlying the ocean basins and having a specific gravity of about 3.0. Outcrop - that part of a geologic unit or structure that appears at the surface of the Earth. Outwash - stratified and sorted sediments deposited by glacial meltwater streams. Palynology - the study of modern and fossil pollen and spores. Peat - unconsolidated deposit of plant remains, generally in a water - saturated environment. Pebble - somewhat rounded rock fragment having a diameter in the range of 4 to 64 mm. Perched Water - unconfined water separated from an underlying body of ground water by relatively impermeable sediment or rock. Percolation - flow of water, usually downward, through small openings within a porous material. Perennial Stream - a stream or a reach of a stream that flows continu- ously throughout the year. Permeability - property or capacity of porous rocks or sediments for transmitting fluids. Porosity - the percentage of the bulk volume of a rock or sediment occupied by isolated or connected pore spaces. Quartzite - rock formed when a sandstone rich in the mineral quartz (silicon dioxide) is subjected to relatively high temperature and pressure by deep burial within the Earth. Radiocarbon Age - age calculated from the quantitative determination of the amount of radioactive carbon-14 remaining in an organic material. Recessional Drift - sediments, including ablation till, ice -contact stratified drift, and outwash, deposited during the retreat of a glacier. Recharge - processes involved in the absorption and addition of water to the zone of saturation. 54 Rock-stratigraph ic Unit _ subdivision of rocks or sedimented distinguished and delimited on the basis of lithologic characteristics observable in the field. Runoff - that part of precipitation appearing in surface streams. Sand - rock fragment or detrital particle having a diameter in the range of 1/16 to 2 mm. Sandstone - clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand -sized fragments, together with silt, clay, and/or cement. Sea -water Intrusion - displacement of fresh surface or ground water by the advance of salt water in coastal areas. Sedimentary Rocks - rocks resulting from the consolidation of loose sediment that accumulated in layers. Silt - rock fragment or detrital particle having a diameter in the range of 1/256 to 1/16 mm. Siltstone - clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of silt -sized particles. Sorted - said of sediment consisting of particles more or less uniform in size. Specific Capacity - rate of discharge of a water well per unit of draw - down. Spit - small point or finger -like extension of sand or gravel deposited by waves and currents and having one end attached to the mainland and the other end in open water. Stade - climatic episode within a glaciation during which a secondary advance of glaciers took place. Shale - fine-grained, indurated, detrital sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of clay and/or silt and characterized by finely stratified structure. Static Water Level - water level in a well that has not been affected by addition or removal of water. Storage Capacity - the maximum amount of water that can be stored. Stratification - formation, accumulation, or deposition of material in layers or beds. Stratigraphy - geologic study of the form, arrangement, geographic dis- tribution, correlation, and mutual relationships of rock strata and bodies. Subduction - the process of one crustal block descending beneath another. 55 Swamp - poorly drained area, intermittently or permanently covered with water, having shrubs or trees. Tectonism - all movement of the crust produced by Earth forces, including the formation of ocean basins, plateaus, and mountain ranges. Thrust Fault - break along which rocks on either side are displaced; it has an initial dip of 450 or less and is characterized by hori- zontal compression. Till - Unsorted and unstratified sediments deposited directly by a glacier. Tombolo - sand or gravel bar that connects an island with the mainland or another island. Tuff - compacted deposit of volcanic ash. Unconfined Aquifer - aquifer having a water table. Vadose Zone - zone of aeration. Vesicular - pertaining to the texture of a rock characterized by abundant cavities formed as a result of the expansion of gases during the fluid stage of the lava. Volcanics - finely crystalline rocks that solidified from molten or partly molten material, and that reached or nearly reached the Earth's surface before solidifying. Water -holding Capacity - smallest value to which the water content of a soil can be reduced by gravity drainage. Water table - surface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration. Wave -cut Bluff - steep embankment caused by wave erosion of earth materials at the shore. Weathering - destructive processes whereby rocks and sediments at or near the Earth's surface are mechanically and/or chemically changed in character, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material. Zone of Aeration - subsurface zone containing water and air, and lying below the land surface and above the water table (also called vadose zone). Zone of Saturation - subsurface zone in which all spaces in the rocks and sediments are filled with water. 56 INDEX 57 n Ablation till, 12, 27, 28 Advance outwash, 10, 19, 20, 22-24 Alderton Interglaciation, 11 Aldwell Formation, 18 Alluvial fans, 27, 29 Alpine ice (Olympic glaciers), 9, 13, 22 Anderson Lake, 15 .Andesite, 15 Aquiclude, 21 Aquifer, 21, 24, 30, 32, 33, 36, 38-42 Artesian well, 17, 36, 40 1 Barriers, 15 Basalt, 15, 16, 36 Beaches, 15, 29 Bolton Peninsula, 4, 6, 36, 37 Brinnon, 7 British Columbia, 9, 12, 23 C Cape George, 13, 39, 43 Cenozoic Era, 9 Chimacum, 32, 34, 38, 41-43 Chimacum Creek, 38 Chimacum Drift Plain, 4, 6, 29, 37, 39 Chimacum Valley, 38 Climate, 7, 9, 13 Colvos sand, 21 Conglomerate, 18 Continental crust, 9 Cordilleran Ice Sheet, 9, 10, 12-14, 22-24 Coyle, 37 Crescent Formation, 15, 16 Crockett Lake, 15 Crystalline rocks, 23 El Dabob Bay, 15 Deltas, 15, 27, 29 Diamicton, 21 Diamond Point, 19, 22, 40, 41 Discharge, 32, 33 Dosewallips River (Valley), 6, 9,10, 13, 27, 29 Double Bluff Drift, 10, 12, 20, 21 Drawdown, 33, 35, 37-41 Duckabush River (Valley), 6, 9, 10, 13, 29 Dunes, 29 10 Eagle Creek, 42 Eocene, 7, 15-19 Erosion, 12, 14, 15, 22, 24, 25 Eskers, 13, 27 Esperance sand, 21 Evans Creek Stade, 11, 13 Evapotranspiration, 30-32 Everson Interstade, 11, 12, 14, 26, 27 F Flood plains, 15, 29 Flowing well, 17 Fluvial sediments, 10 Folding, 9 Fort Flagler, 22, 41 Fractures, 17, 32, 36 Fraser Glaciation, 10-13, 20, 23 Fulton Creek, 27 G Gardiner, 40 Geologic -climate units, 11, 12 Gibbs Lake, 15 Glaciofluvial deposits, 10, 20, 36, 38, 40, 41 Glaciolacustrine sediments, 10, 13 Glaciomarine drift, 10, 12, 14, 21, 26, 27 M Hadlock, 39, 41 Holocene, 11, 15, 19, 25 Hood Canal, 1, 2, 4-6, 17, 21, 37 Hydraulic continuity, 29, 36, 42 I Ice -contact stratified drift, 10, 13, 27, 28 Impermeability, 25, 26 9] Indian Island, 4, 6, 41 Interglaciation, 10-12 Intrusives, 15 Irondale, 39, 41 Irrigation, 38, 39, 42 Island County, 1 Isostatic rebound, 14 J Jointing, 17 Juan de Fuca Lobe, 9 K Kames, 13, 27 Kame terraces, 13, 27 Kettles, 13 Kilisut Harbor, 41 Kitsap Peninsula, 1, 4 L Lacustrine sediments, 10 Leland Lake, 14, 21 Little Quilcene River, 6 Lodgment till, 13, 19, 20, 24-26 Lyre Formation, 15, 18 1 Marine sediments, 10 Marrowstone Island, 4, Marrowstone Shale, 18 Mats Mats quarry, 16 Miller Peninsula, 1, 4, 42, 43 Mudstone, 18 Nordland, 41 il n 6, 41 6, 19, 22, 40, Oceanic crust, 9 Oligocene, 7, 17, 18 Olympia Nonglacial Interval, 11-13 Olympic glaciers (alpine ice), 9, 13, 22 Olympic Mountains, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 15, 22, 33, 36 Orting Glaciation, 11 Outwash, 10, 12, 13, 21, 24 Palynology, 5 Peat, 10, 13, 15, 20, 21 Permeability, 17, 20, 24, 27, 39 Point Wilson, 29 Porosity, 7, 17, 20, 24, 27, 36, 39 Port Discovery, 7, 15 Port Ludlow, 28, 38, 39, 43 Port Townsend, 7, 25, 26, 31, 32, 38, 39, 41, 42 Possession Drift, 10, 12, 20, 21 Precipitation, 7, 8, 30-34, 42 Protection Island, 6, 14, 27, 39, 40 Puget Lobe, 9, 10, 13, 14, 23, 27 Puget Lowland, 2, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 21 Puget Sound, 1, 2, 4, 6, 37 Puyallup Interglaciation, 11, 12 Y1 Quadra Formation, 10, 12, 21 Quilcene, 30, 31, 38 Quilcene Bay, 6, 15 Quilcene River, 6, 38-41 Quimper Peninsula, 4-6, 19, 28, 37, 39, 43 Quimper Sandstone, 18 Ij Radiocarbon age (date), 11, 13 Recessional drift, 19, 25-27 Recessional outwash, 10, 13, 27, 29 Recharge, 23-25, 30, 32, 36, 39, 42 Rock-stratigraphic units, 12 S Salmon Springs Glaciation, 11 Sandstone, 18 Scow Bay Formation, 18 Sea -water intrusion, 5, 29, 37, 41, 43 Sedimentary rocks, 7, 17-19, 35-38, 40-42 Shale, 18 59 Siltstone, 18, 19 Soils, 5, 15, 30-32 Specific capacity, 37-40 Spits, 15 Squamish Harbor, 7, 15 Static water level, 37, Storage capacity, 23 Strait of Juan de Fuca, Stratigraphy, 10, 11 Stuck Glaciation, 11, 12 Subduction, 9 Sumas Stade, 11 T 41 1, 6, 21 Tectonism, 9 Temperature, 7, 10, 30 Tertiary Period, 9, 15, 20, 35, 37, 38, 40-42 Thrust fault, 9 Till, 10, 12, 21, 25, 32 Toandos Peninsula, 4, 6, 19, 22, 36, 37 Tombolos, 15 Topography, 6 Transport capability, 23 Twin River Formation, 18 V Vancouver Island, 9 Vashon Drift, 12, 19, 22-29 Vashon Stade, 11-13, 20, 21, 23 Vegetation, 5 Volcanics, 7, 9, 15, 17, 35, 36, 38, 42 W X, Y, Z Zone of saturation, 17, 24 Water budgets, 30, 31 Water deficit, 31 Water -holding capacity, 30-32 Water quality, 43 Water surplus, 30, 31 Water table, 27, 29, 36 Wave -cut (sea) bluff, 6, 15, 21, 25, 33, 40 Well numbering system, 3, 6 West Valley, 38 Whidbey Formation, 12, 20, 21 Whidbey Island, 10, 12 ,e Table 4 RECORDS OF WELLS 61 rn N Table 4. -- Records of Wells. Well Locations Shown on Plate 3 Explanation: Well No.: See text for well -numbering system. Water Level: Measurement in feet and Use of Water: D, domestic; GD, group domestic; Alt.: Altitude of land surface above mean sea decimal fractions were made by Depart- Ind., industrial; Irr., irrigation; A, aban- level, interpolated from topographic maps. ment of Ecology; those in whole numbers doned; NU, not used; PS, public supply. Type of Well: Og, dug; On, driven; Dr, drilled. were reported by owner, tenant, or Remarks: ppm Cl, parts per million chloride; Water -bearing Zone(s): aquifers) tapped by driller. dd, drawdown; hr, hour(s); psi, pounds per well; excludes aquifer(s) in which water Type of Pump: C, centrifugal; J, jet; square inch; gpm, gallons per minute. lacks hydraulic continuity with water in S. submersible; T, turbine. well. Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T25N., R.1W. 4K1 Ron Jones 200 Or 6 201 201 Gravel 197-201 170 05/01/73 S 1.5 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 5 ft/- 4K2 Morris Johnson 180 Or 6 ISO 150 Gravel 143-150 120 06/15/74 - --- D Bailed 10 gpm 4K3 Les Lambert 220 Or 6 224 222 Sand 213-222 200 06/02/75 S 3 D Bailed 30 gpm; dd 200.0 09/26/75 0 ft/3 hr 4P1 Jack Cunningham 200 Og 30 10 10 Sand, 0-10 2 05/01/72 C .75 D gravel T.25N., R.2W. 1DJI Dick Rasband 45 Or 6 99 99 Sand, 76-98 46 07/31/72 S .5 D Bailed 60 gpm; dd gravel 59.3 09/04/75 20 ft/3 hr lOJ2 Art Kehle 46 Or 6 81 77 Sand, 76-81 65.0 02/20/74 S --- D Bailed 20 gpm; dd gravel 46.0 09/24/75 0 ft/l hr IORI Richard Call 45 Or 6 102 102 Gravel 94-99 48 06/05/68 S .5 D Bailed 17'gpm; dd 44.6 09/04/75 4 ft/2 hr I1DI Sunnyslope Water 80 Or 6 84 84 Sand, 78-84 62 ??/??/?? J 1 GD Bailed 10 gpm; dd Association gravel 70.0 09/04/75 4 ft/- 15B1 Wood 30 Or 6 70 70 Sand, --- 30 ??/??/?? - --- D gravel 15C1 Durham 80 Or 6 120 --- Sand, --- 75.8 09/02/75 - D gravel 15E1 Pleasant Tides 140 Dr 6 210 205 Gravel 198-210 118 11/02/74 S 3 GO Pumped 41 gpm; dd 130.6 09/03/75 72 ft/4 hr 15H1 Link 45 Or 6 63 --- Gravel 60-63 18 08/01/64 J 3 D Bailed 15 gpm; dd 46.4 09/04/75 10 ft/l hr 15H2 Virgil E. Sprague 50 Dr 6 100 100 Gravel 96-100 40 09/13/68 S .75 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 10 ft/- 15J1 Mel Thompson 45± Or 8 --- --- Sand, --- 34.4 09/04/75 - --- D gravel 15Q1 American Camp- 160 Or 8 270 212 Sand 215-230 135.7 07/12/72 - --- GO Pumped 250 gpm; dd grounds 255-270 135.4 09/03/75 34.6 ft/3 hr Pumped 307 gpm; dd 43.8 ft/4 hr Recovered in 10 minutes 21D1 'Al South 200± Or 6 210 30± Basalt --- 93 09/05/75 S .5 D 21E1 D. L. Lucus 180 Or 6 236 236 Basalt 7-236 45 07/15/72 S .5 D Bailed 8 gpm; dd 32.5 09/02/75 0 ft/l hr W 21F2 F. Constable 180 Dr 6 435 11 Basalt 396 20 10/02/69 S 1 D Bailed 8 gphr; 207.6 09/02/75 dd 0 ft/- 21F5 Alice Haggard 100± Or 6 172 --- -- --- 7.6 09/05/75 S .33 D 21176 .Blackford 180 Or 6 185 10 Basalt --- Flow 09/02/75 J 1 D 29K1 Paradise Cove 9 Or 8 28 28 Gravel, --- 6 05/??/56 C 5 GD Pumped 46 gpm; dd Club, Inc. sand 5.0 10/01/75 2 ft/25 hr 29K2 Jefferson County 10 Or 6 22 22 Gravel, --- 6.0 10/01/75 C 1.5 GO Pumped 30 gpm; dd District No. 2 sand 5 ft/17 minutes 31F1 R. J. Pollock 60± Or 8 190 15± Basalt --- 3± 09/02/75 C 1 D 311_1 Triton Cove 10 Dr 6 120 ? Basalt 0-120 Flow 10/04/70 C 7.5 GO 60 gpm; 36 psi T.26N., R.N. 7K1 Wash. Dept. 70 Or 6 150 150 Gravel 98-114 40 06/19/52 Ind Pumped 34 gpm of Fisheries 39.5 09/04/75 7N1 Al Janssen 260 Or 6 58 58 Basalt 51 12 10/20/73 S .33 D Bailed 2 gpm; dd 46 ft/- 7Q1 Ced Lindsay 100 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 55.4 09/05/75 S --- D A Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.26N., R.1W.(Continued) 18D1 Gaylord Hunter 270 Or 6 110 110 Basalt 55 8 106 6 07/20/72 S .33 D Bailed 1 gpm; dd 0 ft/l hr 1802 John Sturm 260 Or 6 142 60 Basalt 136-140 1 11/18/74 - --- D Bailed 2 gpm; dd Flow 09/05/75 100 ft/2 hr 18M2 Melvin Q. McGuire 100 Or 6 304 17 Basalt --- 65 10/05/70 S .5 D Bailed .5 gpm 87.62 09/21/77 29111 U.S.N. Zelatched 183 Or 300 --- --- 190 09/29/64 Point 33J1 Jefferson County 245 Or 8 322 322 Gravel, 302-322 227 05/27/76 - --- -- Pumped 135 gpm; dd Water District N3 sand 64 ft/22 hr T.26N., R.2W. 13H1 Camp Parsons 20 --- 24 08/14/68 - --- NU 24E1 Gertchel A. 30 Or 6 44 44 Gravel 38-44 20 10/01/69 S 1 D Pumped 30 gpm; dd Griffin 10 ft/hr 26A1 Ramona Durham 30 Or 6 104 104 Basalt .100-104 25 06/01/72 - --- D Bailed 4 gpm 26J1 Vern Cox 15 Dg 28 40 --- -- --- 2 ??/??/?? - --- D 26J2 Michael Nealey 39 Or 6 200 20 Basalt --- 20 04/01/74 - --- D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 200 ft/l hr 34E1 Lazy C. Proper- 60 Dr 6 27 27 Gravel 1-27 12 05/25/66 S 2 GO ties 34J1 Richard Call 155 Or 6 66 66 Gravel 49-53 38 06/26/73 S .5 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 60-66 23.9 04/08/77 20 ft/l hr 35L1 Rich Richardson 38 Or 6 36 31 Sand and 23-36 7 04/12/74 - --- Ind Bailed 50 gpm gravel 6 ??/??/76 T.27N., R.IE. 2C1 Quihovan, Inc. 155 Or 6 187 182 Sand 172-187 155 ??/??/?? --- GD Bailed 14 gpm; 10 ft/- dd 4E1 Harold T. Dodge 55 Or 6 154 149 Sand 120-155 40 45 4 08/12/70 S .75 D Baift/2led 20 gpm' dd 5H1 Louis Thomsen 60 Or 6 92 88 Sand, gravel 85-92 18 04/16/74 - D Bailed 25 ft/20hgpm; dd 16E2 C. E. Strand 10 Or 6 92 --- -- --- 9.4 09/04/75 C --- D 301 ppm Cl T.27N., R.N. 15P1 Gene Myers 520 Or 6 254 249 Sand 228-254 206 04/27/71 S 1.5 D Bailed 10 gpm' dd 15P2 David Paulson 520 Or 6 483 470 Sandy Clay --- 283 04/19/73 S 1.5 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 181)1 Robert Brown 43 Or 6 100 11 Shale 88 10 5.8 0/03/70 9/4/75 J .75 D Bailed 2 gpm 1BD2 Mary Finely 40 Or 6 125 14 Shale 9-125 12 10.3 04/??/72 08/04/76 S 1 D Bailed I gpm 18D3 Robert Brown 70 Or 6 42 37 Sand and gravel 32-42 10 11/03/73 - --- D Bailed 12 gpm; dd 30Q1 R. D. Boyland 40 Or 6 150 --- Sand --- 38.4 09/25/75 S --- D 36B1 F.E. & D.R. Naylor 30 Or 6 177 177 Sand and gravel 163-177 40 45.9 06/10/63 09/03/75 J 1 D,Irr Bailed 18 gpm 3682 G. W. Collins 40 Or 6 180 180 Sand and gravel 176-180 45 07/??/63 J I D,Irr 361-1 Harley Hilton 55 Or 6 116 116 Sand and gravel 112-116 50 68.4 04/26/74 09/04/75 - --- D Bailed 20 gpm; 3 ft/l hr dd T.27N., R.N. 2H1 Raleigh R. Lewis 110 Or 6 82 26 Shale 61 10 10/16/70 S .5 D Bailed 4 gpm; 63' 2H2 Paul Miller 110 Or 6 76 76 Shale 72 10 22.9 05/06/72 08/10/76 S .5 D Bailed 6 qpm Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well No. Owner or Tenant Alti- tude (feet) Type Well Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) Casing Depth (feet) Water -bearing Zone(s) Depth Interval Material (feet) Water Below Land Surface (feet) Level Date Type Pump H.P. Use of Water Remarks T.27M., R.2W. (Continued) 1181 Albert Scholgs 180 Dr 6 44 37 Sand, 30-42 20 05/29/74 --- D Bailed 6 gpm; dd gravel 19.7 08/10/76 16 ft/- 11G1 Oscar Mullins 155 Or 6 72 72 Sand, 69-72 60 11/05/70 J .5 D Bailed 15 gpm gravel 11H1 Stan Pollards 170 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 62.4 08/04/76 - --- NU Bad taste 11H2 Stan Pollards 170 Or 6 61 61 "Hardpan" --- --- 10/02/73 - --- D 11P1 Malvin Bennett 220 Or 6 136 136 Gravel, 129-133 60 07/04/70 S .5 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd sand 4 ft/- 12J1 Eleanor Robb 140 Dr 6 52 --- -- --- 12.4 08/27/75 S --- D Flows at surface in rn � winter 13J1 Wilfred W. Roeder 20 Dr 6 27 20 Gravel 16-20 0 05/13/69 - - D 2 psi; bailed 10 gpm; dd 16 ft/- 13L1 Russel Cassette 60 Or 6 27 27 Gravel 20-27 7 04/23/73 J 1 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 5 ft/- 13M1 Tony Scalzo 60 -- 12 25 25 Gravel 25-26 12 01/14/43 J .75 D Sealed 13M2 Tony Scalzo 60 Dr 6 32 32 Gravel 27-32 10 06/12/69 J .75 D Bailed 50 gpm 13.6 08/04/76 13M3 Harold Prestwood 76 Dr 6 35 35 Gravel 27-35 14 07/27/73 J .75 D Bailed 40 gpm 13141 George Jones 40 Dr 6 23 23 Gravel, 21-23 5 08/06/68 J 1 D Bailed 10 gpm sand 13P1 Charles SMith 42 Or 6 32 32 Gravel, 20-32 9 10/13/71 J .75 D Bailed 20 gpm sand 13P2 Zeke Allen 40 Dr 6 31 31 Gravel 25-31 10 07/27/71 - --- D Bailed 40 gpm 13P3 Bert Prestwood 39 Or 6 32 32 Gravel 13-14 13 10/14/65 C .5 D Pumped 3 gpm 13R1 Herbert Beck 20 Or 8 58 58 Gravel 56-58 20 03/04/64 J 1 Ind Bailed 60 gpm; dd 5.8 08/10/76 4 ft/- rn 14A1 Pat Handley 100 Or 6 36 36 Gravel 32-36 10 ??/??/64 J 1 102 Frank Hyde 105 Or 6 63 63 SAnd 55-63 20 ??/??/60 S 1 D 103 Frank Hyde 105 Or 6 45 45 Gravel 40-45 12 ??/??/69 J .5 D 104 Bud Ammeter 100 Or 6 63 63 Gravel 59-63 9 11/12/69 J .75 D 7.6 08/10/76 105 Byron Reeves 40 Or 6 30 30 Gravel 23-30 9 12/27/68 - D 14B1 Richard Denham 130 Or 6 55 55 Sand, 48-55 30 6/19/70 S .5 0 gravel 30.1 08/10/76 14J1 L. N. Lysen 70 Or 6 30 30 Gravel 27-30 8 12/12/72 - -- D 8.6 08/04/76 14K1 Cliff Barley 100 Or 6 34 34 Gravel 26-34 8 02/06/73 S .5 D 14Q1 Les Allen 100 Or 6 86 81 Sand 70-85 30 07/??/73 S .5 -- 14Q2 Pleines 100 Or 6 76 76 Sand, 71-76 35 06/05/74 - --- D gravel 22P1 U.S. Fish and 340 -- 12 120 --- -- --- 1.3+* 08/10/76 - --- NU Wildlife Service 2381 Wally Peterson 122 Or 6 56 56 Sand, 53-56 48 04/22/74 - --- D. gravel 2382 Tony Scalzo 118 Og 36 52 52 Gravel 51-52 25 03/15/46 J .75 D 47.6 08/04/76 23F1 Roger Severn 150 Or 6 318 110 Sand 95-115 92 07/03/72 S 1 D 23G1 Cal Bolander 100 Or 6 65 65 Gravel, 58-65 45 11/07/72 S .5 D sand 51.6 08/04/76 24C1 Mary Finely 55 Or 6 38 38 Gravel 34-38 7.1 08/04/76 S .5 D 24C2 Gertrude Johnson 57 Or 6 141 141 Gravel 138-141 30 05/18/70 S 1 D Bailed 40 gpm; dd 5 ft/- Bailed 20 gpm; dd 20 ft/- Bailed 20 gpm; dd 10 ft/- Bailed 30 gpm; dd 5 ft/- Pumped 20 gpm; dd 7 ft/l hr Bailed 20 gpm; dd 10 ft/l hr Bailed 30 gpm; dd 15 ft/- Bailed 20 gpm Bailed 5 gpm; dd 30 ft/- Bailed 5 gpm; dd 41 ft/- Abandoned * = Above ground Bailed 20 gpm Bailed 10 gpm Bailed 12 gpm Bailed 20 gpm Bailed 30 gpm; dd 9 ft/- Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) A Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.27N., R.214. (Continued) 24C3 Wally Pederson 40 Or 6 129 124 Sand 90-129 19 03/15/76 - --- Ind 20.6 08/??/76 2401 Olympic National 60 Or 8 167 165 Sand, 165-166 39 12/01/59 T 20 -- Yields 70 gpm; dd Forest gravel 85 ft/- 202 Masonic Lodge 70 Or 6 40 40 Gravel 34-40 26 05/??/73 S .33 D Bailed 15 gpm No. 184 24F1 Maple Grove Motel 40 Or 6 60 60 Sand 33-60 33 08/??/64 - --- D Bailed 5 gpm 27.1 09/04/75 Pumped 5 gpm; dd 20 ft/3 hr - recovered in 40 minutes 24F2 H. A. Pope 45 Or 6 30 25 Sand, 22-25 10 05/30/73 J .75 D Bailed 50 gpm; dd gravel 5.8 08/04/76 4 ft/- 24H1 Dan Newman 8 20 --- --- 5 08/14/68 - --- D 24K1 Dale H. McCoy 18 Dg 30 10 0 Sand, 4-10 2 09/01/51 - --- -- Yields 119 gpm; dd gravel 3 ft/- 25H1 Thomas McClanahan 10 Dr 6 35 29 Gravel 22-35 3 02/23/70 S 1.5 GD 25J1 Port Commission 170 DR 6 178 173 Gravel 172-178 132 09/24/71 S 2.5 D,Ind Bailed 40 gpm 155? 08/04/76 27B1 U.S. Fish and 340 Dr 12 50 50 Sand, 27-47 10 09/04/58 - --- -- Pumped 300 gpm; dd Wildlife Service gravel 19 ft/- 2782 U.S. Fish and 340 Or 8 40 40 Gravel, 7-40 10 09/15/64 - --- D Yields 50 gpm; dd Wildlife Service sand 9 ft/- T.28N., R.IE. 4B1 George W. Simpokes 40 Or 6 88 ? Sand, 12-88 40 08/16/60 S .5 CD Yields 350 gpm gravel 4B2 Harold E. Lundberg 65 Or 6 105 ? Basalt 58-105 60 ??/??/?? J .75 0 4M1 Cyrus H. Hamblen 180 Or 4M2 C. H. Hamblen 160 Or 01 Robert L. Tuttle 25 Or 4P2 John Murry 20 Or 4P3 Lincoln Washburn 55 Or 5H1 James L. Anderson 160 Or 5Pl Richard Toepper 425 Dr 8G1 Roynold W. 380 Or Koyonen 8H1 Pope 6 Talbot 380 Dr Development Company N3 8K1 John Werner 365 Or 80 Frank L. Woodruff 350 Or 8Q1 Pope 8 Talbot 300 Or Development Company H2 9P1 Pope 8 Talbot 90 Dr Development Company N1 15R1 Maurice B. Bryant 90 Or 15R2 Victor G. Roden 80 Dr 6 93 88 Sand, 87-93 31 06/10/68 S 1 D Yields 21 gpm; dd gravel 31.5 08/21/75 11 ft/- Still recovering at time of measurement 6 126 126 Gravel, 120-123 15 10/05/72 - "" D Bailed 30 gpm; dd sand 6 36 36 Gravel, 32-36 8 09/08/72 S .5 D Bailed dd sand ft/1 hrgpm; 6 102 102 Gravel, 97-102 10/08/72 S .5 D B501ft/30hgpm; dd Flow 6 52 52 -- --- Flow 12/02/74 S --- D Bailed 7 gpm; dd Flow 08/21/75 45 ft/- 6 84 84 Gravel 60-84 20 07/13/60 J 2.5 D Bailft/8 gpm; dd 30 6 161 154 Sand 153-161 145 08/??/72 S 1 B Bailft/30hgpm; dd 6 195 195 Sand, clay, 185-195 135 07/??/68 S .75 D Bailed/15 gpm; dd gravel 10 8 257 241 Sand, 214-223 144 11/18/68 S 20 GO Yields 88 gpm; dd gravel 39 ft/l hr 233-255 156.5 08/21/75 Yields 104 gpm; dd 42.5 ft/- 6 205 --- -- --- 140.4 08/21/75 J --- D 6 193 193 Sand, 182-193 114 01/06/75 - --- D Bailed 20 gpm gravel 8 236 --- -- --- 69.2 08/21/75 S 20 GO Pumped 160 gpm; dd 42 ft/- 8 ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ??/??/?? T --- NU Could not measure 6 80 80 Sand 77-80 58 04/15/73 5 .75 D dd B151ft/1 hrm; 6 95 91 Sand, 90-95 20 02/06/74 - --- D Bailed dd gravel /10hgpm; Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.28M., R.IE. (Continued) 16M1 Eugene White 30 Or 6 125 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? - --- -- 241 ppm Cl 16M2 H. P. Curtiss 35 Or 6 165 --- Basalt 0-162 --- ??/??/?? - --- D Not in use 31.7 08/28/75 16M3 Meydenbauer Bay 41 Or 6 175 15 -- --- 100 ??/??/?? - --- D Yacht Club 16N1 Morrison Test Well 45 Or 6 43 32 --- 5.3 ??/??/72 - -- A Yield less than 5 gpm 16P1 Morrison 35 Or 6 32 32 -- --- 22.0 ??/??/72 S --- GO Pumped 12 gpm; dd 6 ft/- Serves 13 houses oV 16P2 Lincoln Washburn 5 Dr 6 52 52 Sand, 50-52 Flow 12/02/74 - --- D Bailed 7 gpm; dd gravel 45 ft/- 16P3 Lincoln Washburn 20 Or 6 62 62 Sand, 1-29 17 12/06/74 - --- D Bailed 12 gpm; dd gravel 43 ft/- 16P4 Cecil Midkiff 35 Or 6 100 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? - --- -- 66 ppm Cl 16Q1 Ray Garney 50 Or 6 48 --- -- --- .45 ??/??/60 - --- -- 16Q2 Peterson 50 Dr 6. 83 --- - --- 45 ??/??/62 - --- 16Q3 Carl Pingrey 37 Or 6 138 104 Sand 103-108 32 07/27/75 - --- D Bailed 7 gpm; dd 69 ft/l hr 17Q1 Pacific Northwest 50 Or 6 130 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? S --- Ind Salt water at 160 ft Bell 11.1 09/03/75 Backfilled to 130 ft 18B1 Pope 8 Talbot 400 Or 8 320 287 Sand 178-249 190 ??/??/72 - --- Development 190.8 09/03/75 Company, Port Ludlow #8 20R1 Pope 8 Talbot 138 Or 8 118 118 Sand, 40-50 30 ??/??/70 - --- NU Pumped 22 gpm; dd Development gravel 10 ft/- Company, Port Ludlow #TH-1 v J 20112 Pope & Talbot 133 Dr Development Company, Port Ludlow NTH-11 21C1 Pope & Talbot 125 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow N6 21F1 Pope & Talbot 155 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow N4A 211`2 Pope & Talbot 180 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow N5 21F3 Pope & Talbot 160 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow N9 210 Pope & Talbot 230 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow NTH-2 21Nl Pope & Talbot 160 Dr Development Company, Port Ludlow NTH-7 21Rl Pope & Talbot 450 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow NTH-3 22B1 John D. Parker 80 Dr 22B2 Kenneth Broden 80 Or 22B3 Bob Sewell 80 Or 8 68 68 Sand, gravel 8 81 81 -- 8 43 43 Gravel 8 134 134 Sand, gravel, clay 8 70 47 Sand, gravel 8 135 135 -- 8 75 75 -- 47-56 16 ??/??/72 - --- A Excessive iron ___ _-_ ??/??/72 _ ___ A Insufficient water 43.7 09/03/75 38-41 0 ??/??/72 S --- GO Pumped 23 gpm; dd 16.6* 09/03/75 26 ft/- *Pumping 28-61 14.2 ??/??/72 - --- A Pumped 10 gpm; dd 15.4 09/03/75 21 ft/- 23-52 7.1 10/18/72 S --- GO Pumped 46 gpm; dd 34.1* 09/03/75 26 ft/- *Pumping --- None ??/??/70 - --- A Dry hole --- None ??/??/72 - --- A No water encountered 8 390 390 -- --- None ??/??/70 - --- A No water encountered 6 92 92 Sand, gravel 88-92 35 30.4 09/16/65 - 09/03/75 --- D Yield 17 gpm; dd 37 ft/- Water not usable 6 240 238 Sand 237-238 78 03/07/73 S .5 D Bailed/34 gpm; dd 6 324 318 Basalt 322-324 60 04/20/73 S .33 D B1iledt10 gpm; dd J N Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Well No. Owner or Tenant Alti- tude (feet) Type Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) Casing Depth (feet) Material Depth Interval (feet) Below Land Surface (feet) Date Type H.P. Use of Water Remarks T.28N., ME. (Continued) 22B4 Dan Petrenchak, 80 Or 6 101 95 Sand 94-101 35 03/26/75 - --- D Bailed 6 gpm; dd Jr. 34.1 09/03/75 10 ft/- 22G1 Jack Plaskett 80 Or 6 90 --- -- --- 13 ??/??/67 - --- -- 14.7 09/03/75 22G2 L. E. Gales 100 Or 6 44 44 Sand, 43-44 12 09/15/73 J .5 D Bailed 3 gpm; dd gravel 20 ft/- 22G3 E. T. Erickson 80 Or 6 385 384 Basalt 188-385 65 10/03/73 - --- D Bailed 3 gpm; dd 100 ft/- 22R1 Jefferson County 175 Or 8 135 135 -- --- 35 09/20/66 - --- A Bailed 5 gpm; dd Water District H1 40 ft/l hr 27A1 Leslie Perhacs 280 Or 6 276 276 Gravel 270-276 175 08/20/69 S .75 D Bailed 15 gpm; dd 10 ft/2 hr 29A1 Pope & Talbot 140 Or 8 60 60 Sand, 26-52 26.1 ??/??/72 --- A Excessive iron Development Company, Port Ludlow HTH-10 29A2 Pope & Talbot 135 Or Development Company, Port Ludlow HTH-12 33M1 Olympic Land and 125 Or Investment Company 33M2 Olympic Land and 60 Or Investment Company 33M3 Olympic Land and 130 Or Investment Company 33P1 W. K. Merridith 30 Or gravel 8 43 43 Gravel 29-33 5.0 ??/??/72 - --- NO 6 167 165 Sand, silt, 92-140 90? ??/??/?? S 1 D gravel 148-155 70.5 09/04/75 6 200 150 Basalt --- 10 10/15/73 - --- D 24.7 09/04/75 6 400 190 Basalt 283-285 50 06/20/74 - --- GO 69.3 09/04/75 6 73 72 Sand, 33-72 1 08/27/68 C --- D silt 3.3 09/03/75 Pumped 185 gpm; dd 16 ft/- Bailed 10 gpm; dd 40 ft/3 hr Bailed 3 gpm. 247 ft deep dry hole right next to this well. Pumped 60 gpm; dd 120 ft/4 hr Flowing well. Had been pumping. 33Q1 Leroy Peterson 30 Or 6 104 99 Sand 86-104 30 06/??/71 S .33 0 • 32.6 09/03/75 33Q2 M. J. Churchill 25 Or 6 30 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? - --- -- 33Q3 Kenneth Boyd 210 Or 6 292 286 Gravel 191-193 186 05/01/69 - --- D 33R1 Robert A. Krutenat 125 Or 6 130 --- Basalt 130 100 O1/??/70 S .5 D 301 George Thomas 45 Or 6 65 65 Gravel 64-65 40 ??/??/69 J --- D 34Q1 B. A. Boyd 90 Or 6 190 190 Basalt 105-190 95 11/01/72 S .5 D 88.8 09/03/75 34Q2 George L. Garten 82 Or 6 127 127 Basalt 125-127 101 03/22/72 S .5 D T.28t1., R. N. 2A1 Vaughn H. Webb 305 Or 4 66 66 Sand 2A2 Donald Holmes 345 Or 6 109 109 Sand 2B1 Robert Kimhall 355 Or 6 116 114 Sand 2C1 Leroy William 420 Or 6 119 114 Sand 3N1 Ta Olsen 200 Dr 6 53 53 Gravel IOQI Howard Carstensen 515 Or 6 266 261 Sand 11L1 Wes Hansen 505 Or 6 225 225 Sand, gravel 17H1 John Bletham 250 Or 6 150 26 Shale 21M1 Gordon Bader 195 Or 6 38 38 Sand, gravel Bailed 30 gpm 22 ppm C1 Bailed 5 gpm Pumped 11 gpm; dd 15 ft/- 45 ppm Cl. Bailed 10 gpm; dd 20 ft/l hr Bailed 3 gpm Bailed 6 gpm; dd 10 ft/4 hr 50-66 35 07/??/72 S .75 D Bailed 17 gpm; dd 37.0 08/20/75 6 ft/- 90-109 60 06/04/73 S .5 D Bailed 15 gpm; dd 74.5 08/20/75 0 ft/2 hr 103-116 98 07/11/72 - --- D Bailed 4 gpm; dd 95.8 08/20/75 0 ft/4 hr 95-119 84 05/13/75 J 1.5 D Bailed 12.5 gpm; dd 20 ft/2 hr 51-53 36 02/26/75 J --- D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 10.9 08/15/75 10 ft/- 257-266 220 06/29/73 S .75 D Bailed 4 gpm; dd 261.3 08/20/75 0 ft/3 hr 208-225 208 05/14/73 5 .5 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 203.8 08/20/75 6 ft/l hr 30-150 18 ??/??/?? S .33 Irr Slow recovery, 12.3 09/02/75 cloudy, high mineral content 21-38 15 04/18/74 - --- D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 20 ft/l hr Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type M.P. Water Remarks T.28N., R.1W. (Continued) 21M2 Tom Johnson 200 Or 6 55 --- S --- D Stillrecovering 50.8 09/02/75 ofcmeasurement 29H1 B. O. Chapman 220 Or 6 250 --- -- --- 30 ??/??/?? S --- D Yield 700 gp day 141.8 09/02/75 31Ql Endicott Realty 480 Or 6 248 --- ? 116 --- ??/??/?? - --- GD 49.1 09/04/75 31Q2 Endicott Realty 480 Or 6 248 --- ? 116 --- ??/??/?? - --- GD 33.9 09/04/75 32B1 R. D. Park 420 Or -- 196 47 Sand, 24-28 2 09/27/73 S 1 D Bailed 15 gpm gravel 4.4 09/02/75 Iron plus variable salt �v 32C1 Roy Wickstrom 425 Dr 6 78 --- -- --- ??/??/?? S --- D Sulphur; very soft 3.8 09/02/75 water 32G1 Joseph Morris 440 Or 6 130 54 Shale 38-130 30 09/20/73 - --- D Bailed 2 gpm; dd 30 ft/4 hr 32G2 Barry Canaday 430 Or 6 162 31 Shale --- 19 11/11/74 - --- D Bailed 7 gpm T.28N., R.2W. 23Q1 Lydell Clevenger 570 Or 6 81 81 Gravel 78-81 2 10/15/72 J 1 D,Irr Bailed 10 gpm; dd 10 ft/3 hr 25D1 Rosco Thomas. 220 Or 6 175 11 Shale 8-175 20 07/23/73 S --- D Bailed 1 gpm 21.9 09/02/75 25P1 Full Gospel Church 200 Or 6 238 28 Shale 25-238 5.0 03/14/73 - --- D Bailed 1 gpm; dd 2.8 09/02/75 205 ft/0.5 hr Saltwater encountered at 250 ft, cemented to 238 ft, still salty 25P2 Full Gospel Church 215 Or 6 65 --- -- --- 20 ??/??/??J ___ D Low yield V Cn 26H1 Jack Ralls 200 Or 6 88 88 Sand and 86-88 --- 10/24/73 - --- D gravel T.29N., R. H. 4F1 L. W. Richards 125 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 4G1 -- 100 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 7D1 Lyle Albrecht 30 Or 6 60 --- -- --- 67.1 09/19/75 J --- D 94.8 09/17/75 S -- D 40 ??/??/68 S --- D 27.1 08/26/75 7D2 Terry Albrecht 50 Or 6 50 --- -- --- 13.6 08/26/75 S --- D 7E1 Mike Sedlack 25 Or 6 22 --- -- --- Flow 07/11/68 S --- D Flow 08/26/75 7M2 M. V. Collins 20 Or 6 30 --- -- --- 17 07/10/68 - --- D 7M3 Schimbdell Water 30 Dg 36 24 --- -- --- 16 07/10/68 S --- GO Association 15.0 08/26/75 7M4 Clogston 42 Or 6 55 50 Gravel and 50-55 Flow 07/14/64 - --- -- sand Flow 07/10/68 BR2 Forrest Shumaker 58 Or 8 167 160 Sand 160-167 57 02/22/66 J 1 D 56.55 09/17/75 BR3 James Zilliox 60 Or 6 58 58 Sand, 58-60 44 04/10/70 S .5 D gravel 8R4 Frank Aigner 60 Or 6 --- --- Sand --- 43.4 09/07/75 S --- D 8R5 Flannery 65 Or 6 163 --- Sand --- 65.6 09/17/75 S --- D 9D1 Gerhard S. Stavney 115 Or 6 138 124 Sand 125-130 122 04/22/69 - --- D 123.0 09/25/75 9J2 Olof & Z. Ford 80 Or 6 83 83 -- 4-85 79 03/26/69 S .25 0 79.0 09/17/75 9P1 Maring 80 Dg -- 48 --- -- --- 43.7 09/07/75 C 1 D 1BG1 Ann Savitch 110 Or 6 58 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? J .33 D 4.9 08/26/75 19G1 Earl Amick 80 Or 6 345 64 Basalt 300-345 30 06/20/74 - --- D Originally 125 ft - salty Completed at 60 ft Still recovering at time of measurement 3 previous holes dry, 75 ft, 80 ft, 120 ft Yield: 30 gpm; dd 40 ft/l hr Bailed 6 gpm; dd 60 ft/2 hr Bailed 8 gpm; dd 14 ft/2 hr Bailed 15 gpm; dd 7 ft/- Bailed 15 gpm; dd 0 ft/2 hr v rn Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.29N., ME. (Continued) 19K1 Ben Peters 145 Dr -- --- Ill Sand 78-111 --- 04/??/71 S .5 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 0 ft/3 hr 19P1 Elmer Strom 260 Dr 6 92 87 Sand 88-92 50 06/12/69 S .5 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 55.4 08/26/75 20 ft/2 hr 19P2 Lee Smith 275 Dr 6 212 212 Gravel 195-212 167 07/21/70 S 1 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 153.3 08/26/75 0 ft/2 hr 19P3 John Ogburn 240 Dr 6 134 134 Sand 132-134 114 11/28/72 S .5 D Bailed 6 gpm; dd 0 ft/l hr 19P4 Earl James 335 Dr 6 234 234 Sand 221-234 165 08/19/74 S .75 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 211.2 08/26/75 20 ft/3 hr 19P5 Robert Faslio 345 Dr 6 110 110 Sand 98-110 65 10/15/74 - --- D Pumped 4 gpm; dd 48.7 08/26/75 30 ft/3 hr 19P6 V. L. Brooks 260 Dr 6 260 199 Sand, 182-184 160 07/16/75 S --- D Basalt below 199 ft. gravel 150.0 08/27/75 Bailed 2.5 gpm; dd 0 ft/5 hr 19Q1 Jim Finch 160 Dr 6 161 96 Basalt 95-161 61 09/03/73 S .5 D Bailed 8 gpm; dd 40 ft/2 hr 28N1 William C. Andrew 21 Dr 6 130 15 Basalt 119-130 3 06/01/66 J 1 GD Yield 3 gpm; dd 7.8 08/27/75 77 ft/24 hr 28N2 William C. Andrew 17 Dr 6 46 31 Sand, 31-46 4 09/20/67 J 1 D Yield 12 gpm; dd gravel 3.4 08/27/75 30 ft/26 hr 28N3 Kelso 18 Dr 6 42 40 Sand 36-40 8 12/28/74 J .75 D Bailed 8 gpm; dd 10 ft/2 hr 28P1 Harrier and 30 Dr 6 100 --- --- 35 ??/??/?? Anderson 28P2 Bob Smythe 20 Dr 6 91 91 Basalt 48-55 32 12/13/72 S .33 D Bailed 2 gpm; dd 0 ft/l hr 29F1 Sid Spencer 45 Dr 6 35 --- -- --- 23 07/10/68 - --- NU Reported saline 25.8 08/27/75 v V 33E1 33171 33F2 33M2 33M3 33P1 Charles Gainer R. Volkenburg, Jr. James Edgbert Charles Gainer Charles Gainer Sam Humes 40 40 40 10 22 25 or Dg or or or or 6 36 6 6 6 6 134 22 235 41 117 126 134 22 235 --- --- _ 105 Basalt -- Basalt -- Basalt Sand 125-134 --- 50-235 --- 7-117 40-126 5 Flow 7 35 4 --- 19.4 16 -05/29/70 08/27/75 10/22/75 08/22/72 07/10/68 ??/??/?? 08/27/75 10/01/65 - - - S S - --- D --- D --- D --- A --- D D Bailed 15 gpm; 90 ft/2 hr Bailed 15 gpm; 50 ft/l hr 290 ppm Cl Bailed 4 gpm; 0 ft/l hr dd , dd dd T.29N., R.114. 1Q1 W. J. Wolfe 70 Or 6 65 --- -- --- 5 ??/??/?? - --- D Still recovering at 8.0 08/26/75 at time of measure- ment 2C1 Ralph W. Leyda 118 or 6 200 --- - --- 82.3 08/01/75 S --- D Methane gas - will burn 21(1 Earl Green 122 Or 91 81 Gravel, 80-91 65 06/01/74 S 5 D,Ind Pump test 100 gpm; dd sand 73.6 08/01/75 10 ft/8 hr 2R1 E. A. Morrison 125 -- 6 86 86 Gravel 70-86 70 02/15/69 J .5 D 2R2 Jefferson PUD 125 or 16 110 107 Gravel 76-110 71 06/06/72 - --- PS Pump test 200 gpm; dd 21 ft/168 hr 3G1 City of Port 120 or 12 184 184 Gravel 175-178 38 02/??/56 - --- NU Pump test 500 gpm; dd Townsend 4 ft/24 hr 3J1 Tom McAndrew 124 or 12 64 64 Gravel 16-64 45 12/23/53 T --- Irr Pump test 400 gpm; dd 42.3 08/01/75 1 ft/- 5Q1 Lyle Malsed 105 or 6 118 -- Gravel 114-118 106 01/13/69 D Bailed 9 gpm; dd 0 ft/l hr 881 Sahara Water ion or 6 150 150 Sand 118-150 68 01/22/73 S 1 GD Pump test 7 gpm; dd Company 70 ft/2 hr 882 Steve Corra 30 Dg 36 15 --- -- --- 8.3 08/07/75 - --- D 8Q1 Carl Tuttle 35 or 6 60 --- --- 29.5 08/01/75 C 1 D 9141 George Nakamo 330 -- 6 250 133 Shale 131-133 60 01/07/73 S .5 D Little water Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well No Owner or Tenant Alti- tude (feet) Type Well Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) Casing Depth (feet) Water -bearing Zone(s) Depth Interval Material (feet) Water Below Land Surface (feet) Level Date Pump Type H.P. Use of Water Remarks T.29N., R.1W. (Continued) IOQI Tage Rasmussen 130 Or 6 45 45 Sand and 28-45 22 12/31/74 - D Bailed 20 gpm; dd gravel 2 ft/2 hr 11G1 Hadlock Playfield 105 Or 8 --- --- --- 22.6 08/03/76 - -- NU 23.4 07/10/79 11N1 Brookwood Glen 120 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 20.3 08/01/75 S --- A Abandoned because of iron 14H1 Dennis Shaw 210 Dr 6 180 180 Sand and 157-180 50 07/28/72 S 1 D Bailed 17 gpm; dd gravel 0 ft/4 hr Buried 14L1 William Bishop 125 Or 6 14 14 Gravel 13-14 2 01/10/70 C 5 Pump test 60 gpm; dd 2 ft/3 hr 14L2 D. G. Brown 110 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 8.2 08/20/75 - --- NU Potentially for irri- 00 gation 15A1 B. G. Brown 115 Or 8 40 35 Gravel 32-40 24 11/05/73 - -- Irr Bailed 68 gpm; dd 22.9 08/20/75 0 ft/1 hr Pumped 400 gpm; dd 12 ft/3 hr 15111 Annie Nisbet 125 Or 10 78 78 Sand 68-78 4 01/07/54 J --- Irr Bailed 40 gpm 11.6 08/20/75 18E1 H. F. Barrett 40 -- -- 58 --- -- --- 43 10/01/68 - --- A 390 ppm Cl - aban- doned because of sea water intrusion 18E2 Randy Barrett 100 Or 6 114 114 Sand, 86-114 84 04/10/74 S 1 GO Bailed 50 gpm; dd gravel 87.9 08/06/75 3 ft/1 hr 22E1 Robert W. Scott 485 Or 6 340 --- Sand. 290-300 252.5 06/10/75 - --- D Bailed 8 gpm; dd 251.7 08/20/75 20 ft/2 hr 22F1 John Raney 470 Or 6 250 245 Sand 240-250 235 11/16/73 S .75 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 10 ft/24 hr 221`2 John Raney 450 Or 6 383 343 Sand, 343-384 268 03/19/70 S --- D Bailed 3 gpm; dd gravel 54 ft/l hr F 22G1 M. L. Meacham 245 22R1 Norris L. Short 125 23P1 Norris L. Short 120 24K1 Edgington 160 24Q1 Jim Johnson 165 25J1 Arthur Swanson 170 26Q1 Glen Gould 175 28J1 Earl Hughett 430 31L1 Switzer 650 34E1 Ron Putus 310 34G1 Ed Erickson 200 34M1 Goehring 270 35R1 Kenneth Huggins 325 Or Or Or Or Or Or Or Or Or Or 6 12 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 186 105 340 58 57 75 40 300 100 201 Or 6 43 Or 6 96 105 Sand, gravel 68 Shale 21 Sand, gravel 57 Sand, gravel 75 -- 40 Sand 201 Sand 91 Sand T.29N., R.2W. --- 70 ??/??/?? S --- D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 110.5 08/15/75 0 ft/l hr 50-105 Flow 08/28/56 - 15 Irr Yield 250 gpm; dd 11 ft/- 269-340 Flow 08/28/56 - --- A 0.0 08/24/75 13-51 24 05/25/60 T 15 0 Pumped 227 gpm; dd 24.65 09/15/77 7 ft/72 hr 54-57 35 02/11/74 - --- D Bailed 60 gpm; dd 29.0 08/21/75 0 ft/l hr --- 24.6 08/21/75 J 1 D Pump test 200 gpm; dd 1 ft/.5 hr 38-40 14 07/24/73 - --- D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 20 ft/ 3 hr --- 186.0 08/15/75 S --- D --- 50.4 08/15/75 S --- D Still recovering at time of measurement 95-199 128 11/19/73 S 1 D Bailed 30 gpm; dd 0 ft/4 hr --- --- 07/30/54 - --- -- Yield 180 gpm --- 20.5 08/15/75 C .5 D Still recovering at time of measurement 80-96 60 01/24/74 - --- D Bailed 25 gpm; dd ' 60.7 08/20/75 5 ft/l hr 5M1 Loren C. Foster 300 Or 6 266 266 Sand 180-266 150 02/27/74 - --- 0 152.5 08/19/75 13A1 H. F. Barrett 235 Or 6 304 304 Sand 292-305 216 01/16/69 - --- GO 13J2 Raymond Broders 70 Or 6 125 76 Sand, 54-68 52 09/13/74 - --- D gravel 13P1 Harold Hubert 40 Or 6 60 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? - 23J1 William Thomas 8 Or 6 43 --- -- --- 2 10/01/68 - --- -- Bailed 2 gpm Bailed 16 gpm; dd 0 ft/3 hr Bailed 10 gpm 329 Cl Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.29N., R.2W. (Continued) 201 (5 cottages) 40 Or 6 ? --- -- 39 3.5 08/06/75 C --- GO 24H1 H. C. Reid 20 14 --- -- --- 11 09/30/68 - -- -- 201 Walter Moa 7 -- -- 6 --- -- --- 2 09/30/68 - --- -- 25M1 U.S. Department of 56.7 Or 8 150 150 Sand, 130-149 Flow 02/??/58 J 3 D Bailed 60 gpm; dd Interior gravel 30 ft/.5 hr T.29N., R.N. 1H1 0. R. Draper, 45 Or 6 42 -- - --- --- ??/??/46 - --- D et at. co 0 1J1 Joseph H. Ferguson 40 Or 6 96 85 Sand, 82-85 42 07/25/71 S .5 D,Irr Pumped 15 gpm gravel 34.3 08/19/75 1J2 Jerry Aurand 35 Dr 6 94 90 Sand, 90-94 26 11/15/73 - --- D Bailed 20 gpm gravel 27.6 08/19/75 2C1 Washington State 130 Or .8 492 113 Shale, 78-84 --- ??/??/42 - --- GO Parks and Recrea- gravel 108-111 tion 2K1 Rodney Erickson 110 Dr 6 150 --- -- --- 69 07/22/68 - --- A 156 ppm Cl 21.3 08/19/75 Abandoned - not enough water 2Q1 Ray Olson 120 Or 6 300 --- -- --- 30 07/21/68 - --- A Abandoned - saline 12A1 Daniel Bellis 40 -- -- 12 --- -- --- Flow 10/01/68 - --- -- 1201 Cascade Pole 15 Dr 6 25 --- --- --- ??/??/?? - --- -- Company 12E1 Peter Joppe 20 On 6 28 27 Gravel 26-27 26 ??/??/68 J .5 D Pumped 3 gpm; dd 16 03/19/71 11 ft/l hr a T.30N., R.IE. 17J1 Fort Flagler 100 Or 10, 8, 810 810 Gravel 145-175 312 02/13/64 - --- A Bailed 3-4 gpm. 6 4 667 Saline at 240 ft Drilled to 1,462 ft Fresh water at 1,456 ft 2001 Grace Lutheran 41 Or 6 49 45 Sand 45-50 39 05/20/69 J .75 D Bailed 12 gpm; dd Church 37.14 09/19/75 2 ft/2 hr 20E1 S. W. Norman 18 Or 6 30 23 Sand 21-30 17 06/24/75 - --- D Bailed 10 gpm; dd 16.1 09/19/75 1 ft/2 hr 200 Smithy F. Bedell 106 Or 6 130 130 Sand 125-130 108 05/15/72 S 1 GO Yield 10 gpm; dd 116.4 09/19/75 0 ft/2 hr 113.2 07/10/79 20P1 Harold Clough 80 Or 6 75 69 Sand 69-75 60 03/01/73 - --- -- Bailed 15 gpm; dd 0 ft/2 hr 20P2 Owen Mulkey 70 Or 6 69 69 Sand 65-69 63 05/13/73 - -- D Pumped 30 gpm; dd 0 ft/.5 hr 281-1 Mrs. A. E. Kroon 40 Or 6 60 --- --- 35 ??/??/?? - --- - 281-2 H. L. Johnson 55 Or 6 63 --- - --- 55 ??/??/67 - - -- 54.68 09/18/75_ 29A1 Ray Benton 100+ Or 6 136 130 Sand 131-136 109 01/18/72 S .33 D Bailed 10 gpm 29C1 R. E. Lowrie 25 32 --- -- --- 25 ??/??/?? - --- -- 358 ppm Cl 29K1 Ida Tracy 45 Or 6 60 52 Sand, 55-60 47 10/09/73 - --- D Bailed 9 gpm; dd gravel 47.4 09/19/75 0 ft/3 hr 32G1 L. E. Olmstead 25 DR 6 185 14 Sand 11-185 18 03/??/72 - --- D Bailed 1 gpm 32G2 Ed Schenkeveld 20 Or 6 102 40 Shale 80 10 08/08/74 - --- D Bailed 3 gpm 0.65• 09/19/75 'Above ground level 32J1 Nelson 45 Or 6 --- --- Sandstone --- 18.8 09/19/75 S --- D Aquifer in Tertiary sandstone T.3014., R.W. 4R1 Richard D. Steinke 230 Dr -- --- 230 Sand 230-239 218 03/06/76 - --- D 5M1 Charles Broders 222 Or 6 274 270 Sand 230-270 218 07/29/73 S 1 D Bailed 10 gpm 218.6 07/24/75 9 Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H P Water Remarks T.30N., R.1W. (Continued) 7F1 Virgil See 175 Or 6 197 197 Sand, 145-197 105 03/12/74 - --- D gravel 7P1 Werrion 200 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 74.6 07/25/75 - --- D 8H1 R. Austin - 185 Or 6 243 240 Sand 240-243 184.6 07/24/75 S 6.5 D 81.1 Camper Club 207 Or 8 221+ --_ __ _-_ 220.4 07/24/75 S --- NU 220.0 07/10/79 90 R. Taylor 230 Or 6 245 240 Sand 230-245 215 05/06/76 - --- D 16F1 Francis E. Ludwig 60 Or 6 75 --- -- --- 46.1 07/31/75 S 1 O 16K1 Guy Whiteman 30 Do 2 31 --- -- 23 ??/??/?? - - 16K2 0 Mike Burton 50 Or 6 80 --- -- --- 30 ??/??/?? - --- -- 16N1 W. W. Higdon 215 Or 6 250 244 Sand 240-250 207.7 07/31/75 - --- GD 171.1 John Taylor 230 Or 6 247 247 Sand 240-247 221 09/11/72 S 1 D 220.6 07/25/75 171_2 C. Whitney 235 Or 6 280 235 Sand 230-245 220 01/04/73 S 1 D 18B1 Clarence Lammers 195 Or 6 85 85 Gravel 80-85 62 05/06/75 - - D 18G1 H. Harvey 192 Or 6 102 102 Sand 60-102 60 11/29/73 - - D 51.6 07/25/75 18M1 Cape George 401 Or 8 300 290 Sand, 288-300 259 02/11/69 S 20 GD Village gravel 256.7 07/24/75 Bailed 40 gpm; dd 10 ft/1 hr Reportedly affected by tides "Sump water" Bailed 15 gpm; dd 4 ft/5.5 hr Originally drilled to 381 ft Bailed 20 gpm; dd O ft/2 hr Bailed 10 gpm; dd 5 ft/2 hr Bailed 25 gpm; dd 6 ft/- Bailed 35 gpm; dd 1 ft/3 hr Pumped 200 gpm; dd 7 ft/- M 20E1 Gary Provonsha 160 or 6 162 61 Gravel 20M1 Victor Kobetich 215 or 6 --- 152 Sand, gravel 21E1 Victor Anderson 290 or 6 209 209 Sand, gravel 21L1 Bulis 260 or 6 209+ --- 21M1 Robert Twiggs 290 Or 6 270 --- 22Q1 Washington State 190 or 8 270 250 Sand Parks and Recreation 26N1 Kala Point 100 or 6 120 --- Development 28D1 Myrl Hancock 240 or 6 149 149 Sand 28E1 Dolan Swindell 220 Or 6 95 95 Gravel 281.1 Jack Tice 220 or 6 72 72 Gravel 29E1 Phillip Bailey 75 or -- --- 290 Gravel 29H1 John Martin 220 Or 6 70 70 Gravel 29H2 John Martin 210 or 6 63 63 -- 29N1 Allen Easton 100 or -- --- 54 Gravel 32J1 James Jensen 100 Or 6 145 --- -- 32K1 R. E. Trautman 44 or 6 47 --- -- 32K2 F. R J. Simene 40 Or 6 88 88 Sand, gravel 33H1 John Egelkrout 107 or 6 106 106 Sand 33N1 Bert Hill 137 or 6 105 --- Gravel 40-50 5 06/03/74 - --- D Bailed 12 gpm; dd 25 ft/2 hr 151-153 77 11/10/73 S 1.5 D Bailed 20 gpm; dd 20 ft/3 hr 184-186 180 08/06/67 S .5 D Bailed 15 gpm; dd 3 ft/2 hr --- 208.6 07/25/75 - --- D --- 176.5 07/25/75 - --- D 200-260 190 02/11/56 - --- GD Yield 11 gpm; dd 188.1 07/25/75 33 ft/39 hr --- 94.6 07/31/75 - --- GD Pumped 56 gpm 140-149 125 04/22/69 J 1.5 D,Ind Pumped 18 gpm; dd 3 ft/1.5 hr 94-95 40 06/08/66 J .75 D Bailed 10 gpm 80.4 07/31/75 69-72 61 12/23/74 S .75 D Pumped 20 gpm; dd 8 ft/2 hr 249-260 70 ??/??/?? T --- Irr Yield 200 gpm 69-70 30 06/29/72 J --- -- Bailed 15 gpm; dd 0 ft/2 hr --- 46 04/25/72 S .33 D 48-54 32 03/23/63 J .75 D Yield 13 gpm; dd 10 ft/2 hr --- 76.6 08/07/75 S --- D --- 39.9 07/31/75 J --- D 88 35 ??/??/?? J 1.5 -- Test 30 gpm; dd 20 ft/2 hr 96-106 25 10/22/70 - --- D Bailed 30 gpm; dd 57.9 08/01/75 10 ft/2 hr 86-88 ion 03/02/72 S --- GD Yield 30 gpm; dd 80.9 07/31/75 6 ft/l hr Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.30N., R.1W. (Continued) 34J1 John Smithson 110 Or 6 146 146 Sand, 133-146 102 03/??/71 S .5 D Pump test + 20 gpm; gravel 108* 07/31/75 dd 24 ft/4 hr *Still recovering at time of measurement 34K1 Eugene Alexander 120 Or 6 116 116 Gravel, 112-116 84 09/10/72 S .5 D Bailed 10 gpm; dd sand 90* 07/31/75 20 ft/2 hr *Still recovering at time of measurement T.30N., R.2W. 12Q1 Cape George Land 200 Or 6 213 203 Sand, 184-213 --- 09/09/64 S 7.5 GO Bailed 60 gpm; dd co Company Well #1 gravel 193.3 7/24/75 7 ft/- p 12Q2 Cape George Land 199 Dr 8 242 --- -- --- 190.5 07/24/75 S 7.5 GO Company Well #3 13J1 Cape George Vil- 340 Or 6 315 311 Gravel, 311-315 250 10/01/74 S 7.5 D Bailed 60 gpm; dd lage Well #2 sand 276.6* 07/24/75 5 ft/- *Still recovering 20 minutes after pump shut off 15L1 Diamond Point 40 Or 6 90 --- -- 30 ??/??/68 S --- GO 145 ppm Cl, sometimes 85.0 08/07/75 salty when pumped continuously for 4 weeks 15N1 Diamond Point 250 Or 6 360 --- -- --- 238.3 08/14/75 - --- A Abandoned due to initial salt 16K1 Sunshine Acres 285 Or 8 421 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? S --- GO Tape hangs up 20K1 Northwest Tech- 405 Or 6 500 --- -- --- 368.1 08/27/75 S --- Ind 21A1 Sunshine Acres 325 Or 6 400 --- -- --- --- ??/??/?? S --- A Abandoned due to in- sufficient capacity 21B1 Helen Dent 370 Or 6 365 356 Sand, 329-365 297 06/14/74 - --- D Bailed 12 gpm; dd gravel 345.8 08/08/75 13 ft/8 hr 21Q1 Diamond Point 270 Or 8 393 373 Sand 373-393 266 06/06/75 S --- GO Pumped 310 gpm; dd Water Company 271.1 08/27/75 27 ft/10 hr 22M1 Diamond Point 245 Or 6 262 262 262 246 09/19/74 - -- A Pumped 30 gpm; dd Water Company 244.5 08/08/75 4 ft/12 hr Abandoned due to salt 24A1 Balch Land De- 435 Or 6 740 --- -- 381-395 179 07/??/75 - --- NU velopment Cor- poration 24K1 Balch Land De- 350 Or 6 268 268 Sand, 242-245 236 01/20/61 S 3 -- Yield 14 gpm velopment Cor- gravel 236 09/30/68 poration 27M1 C. J. Messer 80 Or 6 128 --- Sand, 120-128 65 05/16/54 Yield 20 gpm gravel 27P1 Helen Dent 75 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 69.0 08/07/75 S --- D 28M1 Sunshine Acres 115 Or 6 122 113 Sand 100-120 67 06/03/75 - --- GD Pumped 125 gpm; dd Well N5 66.6 08/07/75 22 ft/4 hr 2BM2 Sunshine Acres 125 Or 6 92 --- -- --- 84.6 08/14/75 - --- GO Well H4 28M3 Sunshine Acres 120 Or 8 260 260 Sand 102-118 --- ??/??/?? - --- A Abandoned; casing Gravel and 218-226 problems sand 150 ft of casing left 2BN1 Elmer Howe 140 Or 6 33 33 Gravel 25-33 4 04/22/74 - --- D. Bailed 30 gpm 29R1 Roy Schoenrock 138 Or 6 129 125 Gravel 83-128 103 04/27%74 - --- D Bailed 5 gpm 104.0* 08/08/75 *Still recovering at time of measurement 31H1 John S. Crandall 210 Or 6 205 205 Sand, 190-205 167 08/17/70 S .75 D,Irr Bailed 7.5 gpm; dd gravel 25 ft/.5 hr 32G1 Jack Westerman 195 Or 6 197 197 Sand, 180-187 --- ??/??/?? - --- D Bailed 14 gpm; dd gravel 7 ft/8 hr 32K1 Bill Ott 230 Or 6 258 255 Sand, 251-258 207 01/10/74 - --- D Bailed 10 gpm gravel 33D1 Neal Turnberg 150 Or 6 61 61 Gravel 55-61 41 08/03/73 - --- D Bailed 15 gpm 33H1 J. W. Levine 310 Dr 6 67 63 Sand, 53-67 39 11/20/73 - --- D Bailed 7 gpm gravel RE Table 4. -- Records of Wells (Continued) Well Water -bearing Zone(s) Water Level Pump Below Alti- Casing Depth Land Use Well tude Diameter Depth Depth Interval Surface of No. Owner or Tenant (feet) Type (inches) (feet) (feet) Material (feet) (feet) Date Type H.P. Water Remarks T.30N., R.2W. (Continued) 33H2 George Davis 290 Or 6 141 141 Gravel 115-120 69 06/17/74 - --- D Bailed 5 gpm; dd 23 ft/3 hr 33H4 V. Reimer 310 On 6 30 --- -- --- 10 01/29/69 - --- D 33M1 Leon Gee 345 Or 6 163 163 Gravel 153-163 143 04/19/74 - --- D Bailed 10 gpm 33N1 Craig Jentile 350 Or 6 356 356 Sand 334-356 312 03/13/75 - --- D Bailed 15 gpm 306.8 08/14/75 33N2 R. E. Holderby 345 Or 6 --- --- -- --- 8.5 08/14/75 - --- D Pumped 8 gpm 34C1 John Swarthout 25 -- 6 77 72 Gravel 75-77 14 06/28/61 S .5 -- Yield 10 gpm 19 10/01/68 34G1 C. M. Phipps 145 Or 6 170 90 -- --- 118.4 08/06/75 S --- D 34KI H. L. Drake 155 Or 6 400 --- -- --- Flow 10/01/68 - --- -- 70 ppm Cl 34K1 Herman Pearson 245 Or -- 360 --- Shale --- --- 01/01/63 S _ 1 GD Bailed 9 gpm; dd Flow 10/01/68 250 ft/l hr Flow 08/07/75 28 ppm Cl 35D1 Robert A. Carlson 85 Or 6 50 --- -- --- 35.0 08/07/75 S --- D 35E1 Chuck Wilson 130 Or 6 175 --- -- --- Flow 10/01/68 S --- D 665 ppm Cl 96.6 08/06/75 Not potable 35F1 E. M. Flowers 105 Or 6 180 80 Shale 13-180 Flow 05/24/65 J .75 D,Irr 14 psi Flow 08/07/75 35F2 Orin Yates 105 Or 6 50 50 Shale 25-50 12 03/15/72 S .33 D Bailed 7 gpm; dd 27.8 08/06/75 38 ft/- 35F3 Orin Yates 30 Dg 36 20 20 -- --- 15.3 08/06/75 S --- D 35M1 American Camp- 225 -- 7 235 --- -- --- Flow 06/17/71 S 1 -- 3-4 psi grounds 35M2 Paul K. Murphy 250 Or 6 280 235 Sandstone --- 5 07/12/73 - --- D Bailed 7 gpm 5.1 08/06/75 2 35P1 American Camp- 270 Or 6 150 26 Shale, 80-150 23 06/27/72 - --- D Pump test 15 gpm; dd grounds sandstone 26.0* 08/06/75 32 ft/23 hr ' *Still recovering at time of measurement 36P1 Charles Gunstone 20 Dr 6 57 --- -- --- 42 ??/??/?? S --- D 36P2 Charles Gunstone 15 Dr 6 93 --- -- -- 30 ??/??/?? T --- D No access port 30 ppm Cl T.30N., RAW. 23H1 Langdon Simons, 40 107 --- -- --- 30 ??/??/68 - --- -- Jr. 25C1 Chester Steehy 125 Dr 6 186 --- -- --- 33.0 08/19/75 - --- D 25G1 P. A. Lynch 135 Dr 6 191 187 Sand 185-191 114 12/08/73 - --- D Bailed 8 gpm; dd 12 ft/10 hr 36F2 J. J. Burnett 95 Dr 6 110 --- -- --- 76.5 08/19/75 S --- 0 TABLE 5 DRILLERS' LOGS OF REPRESENTATIVE WELLS m Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 25/1W-4K3 Lambert, Les; drilled by Hood Canal, June, 1975 Soil 3 3 "Hardpan", brown 61 64 "Hardpan", gravelly, brown 41 105 Clay, brown 17 122 "Hardpan", gravelly, brown 50 172 "Hardpan", gravelly, gray 18 190 Sand, brown, hard -packed 23 213 Sand, brown (water) 9 222 "Hardpan" 2 224 25/2W-1OJ2 Kehle, Art; drilled by Hood Canal, February, 1974 "Hardpan" with boulders, brown Gravel, sand and clay, hard -packed Gravel and sand, water 25/2W-11D1 Sunnyslope Water Association; drilled by Webber, October, 1953 "Hardpan" with boulders Gravel, sand and clay Sand and gravel, water 25/2W-15E1 Pleasant Tides; drilled by Hood Canal, November, 1974 40 40 33 73 8 81 40 40 38 78 6 84 Soil, sandy 2 2 Clay and "hardpan", brown 128 130 Gravel 9 139 Sand, brown, fine 51 190 Clay and "hardpan", brown 8 198 Gravel, large, water 12 210 Clay and "hardpan", -brown 4 214 I Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued cKness 25/ 24d-1 OJ 2 Kehle, Art; drilled by Hood Canal, February, 1974 "Hardpan" with boulders, brown 40 40 Gravel, sand and clay, hard -packed' 33 73 Gravel and sand (water) 8 81 25/2W-11D1 Sunnyslope Water Association; drilled by Webber, October, 1953 "Hardpan" with boulders 40 40 Gravel, sand and clay 38 78 Sand and gravel (water) 6 84 25/2W-15E1 Pleasant Tides; drilled by Hood Canal, November, 1974 Soil, sandy 2 2 Clay and "hardpan", brown 128 130 Gravel 9 139 Sand, brown, fine 51 190 Clay and "hardpan", brown 8 198 Gravel, large (water) 12 210 Clay and "hardpan", brown 4 214 91 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 25/2W-15Q1 American Campgrounds; drilled by Stoican, July, 1972 "Hardpan" 29 P9 Sand, brown 16 45 Gravel, brown 17 62 Sand and gravel, brown 7 69 "Hardpan", gravelly 26 95 Sand, brown, dry 43 138 Sand, brown, fine to medium, water 32 170 Sand, brown, medium 35 205 Sand, brown, medium to coarse 9 214 Sand, some gravel 4 P18 Sand, medium to coarse - pebbles 6 224 Sand, coarse 3 227 Sand, medium to coarse 13 240' Sand, medium 14 254 Sand, coarse 4 258 Gravel and sand 4 262 Sand, medium to coarse 9 271 25/2W-21E1 Lucus, D.L.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1972 Basalt, broken 7 7 Basalt 229 236 25/2W-21F2 Constable, F.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1969 and August, 1973 Gravel and "hardpan", clayey 10 10 Basalt, gray 22 32 Basalt, lavender 1 33 Basalt, dark, hard 7 40 Basalt, green 21 61 Basalt, gray, hard 214 275 Basalt, blue green 50 325 Basalt, gray, medium hard 33 358 Basalt, medium hard 42 400 Clay, hard 2 402 Basalt, gray 23 425 Shale, gray 10 435 92 Table,5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued C 25/2W-29K1 Paradise Cove Club, Inc.; drilled by Bedell, May, 1956 Sand, gravel, boulders 10 10 Gravel, cemented and lenses of clay 14 24 Gravel, large 4 28 25/2W-31L1 Triton Cove Estates; drilled by ?, October, 1970 Basalt 170 170 26/1W-7K1 Wash. Dept. of FIsheries; drilled by Bedell, June, 1959 Clay 11 11 "Hardpan" 69 80 Gravel, sand and some clay - water 4 84 Gravel, cemented - some water 6 90 Gravel - small amount of water 1 91 "Hardpan" 7 98 Gravel, cemented, water 98' to 114' 16 114 "Hardpan" 4 118 Clay and gravel, dry 8 126 Sand and gravel, some water 1 127 Sand and clay, dry 9 136 Clay, blue, sand, some water 14 150 26/1W-7fll Janssen, Al; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1973 Soil, rocky 2 2 Basalt, broken 1 3 Basalt, solid 55 58 26/1W-18M2 McGuire, M.Q.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1970 Soil, rocky; clay, brown 15 15 Basalt 289 304 93 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Material (feet) (feet) 26/1W-33J1 Jefferson County Water Dist. #3; drilled by Burt, June, 1976 Soil 3 3 "Hardpan", brown 94 97 Sand, gravel, water (10-15 gpm) 3 100 Clay, blue 1 101 "Hardpan", blue 23 124 Clay, gravelly, blue 12 136 Clay, blue 46 182 Silt, blue 6 188 Clay, blue 47 235 "Hardpan" 10 245 Gravel, large and sand (water level up 10 ft.) 6 251 Clay, sandy, blue 3 254 Gravel and sand (little water) 1 255 "Hardpan", gravelly, blue 12 267 Clay, blue 30 297 Sand, silty, gravelly 3 300 Gravel, silty, brown 4 304 Gravel and sand (water) 18 322 26/2W-24E1 Griffin, G.A.; drilled by Hood Canal, September, 1969 Soil, sandy 12 12 Gravel and sand 4 16 "Hardpan", gravelly and sand 14 30 Sand, brown, "soupy" (water) 8 38 Gravel (water) 6 44 "Hardpan" -- 44 26/2W-26J2 Healey, M.; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1974 "Hardpan", brown Basalt, gray, red, green 8 8 192 200 94 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 26/2W-34J1 Call, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, June, 1973 "Hardpan", brown 28 28 Boulders 5 33 Boulders and "hardpan" 16 49 Gravel (water) 4 53 "Hardpan" 7 60 Boulders, large (water) 6 66 26/2W-350 Richardson, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1974 Gravel 4 4 Clay, brown 3 7 "Hardpan", brown 3 10 ? - some water 3 13 "Hardpan", brown 10 23 Sand and gravel (water) 13 36 27/1E-2C1 Quihovan, Inc.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1967 Soil, brown 6 6 Clay, silty, blue 62 68 "Hardpan", gray 6 74 Sand, gray 26 100 Sand, gray (wet) 25 125 Clay, blue 6 131 Sand and gravel, gray, cemented 6 137 Clay, silty, blue 18 155 "Hardpan", brown 2 157 Clay, gray 15 172 Sand (water -bearing) 7 179 Sand, clean (water -bearing) 3 182 27/1E-4E1 Dodge, H.T.; drilled by Hood Canal, August, 1970 Top soil 2 2 "Hardpan" 52 54 Clay, sandy, gray 16 70 Clay, gummy Sand, "heaving" 52 35 122 157 95 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 27/1W-18D1 Brown, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1970 Soil and rocks 8 8 Shale, hard 92 100 27/1W-15P1 Myers, Gene; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1971 Soil 2 2 "Hardpan", rocky 6 8 Clay, sticky 3 11 "Hardpan", clayey 176 187 Clay, sandy 38 225 Sandstone 3 228 Sand (water) 26 254 "Hardpan" ? 254 27/1W-15P2 Paulson, David; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1973 Soil 2 2 "Hardpan", brown 28 30 Clay, sandy, brown 255 285 Clay, sandy, gray 62 347 Clay, blue 11 358 Clay, sandy, gray 9 367 Clay, blue 15 382 Clay, gray 3 385 Clay, blue 18 403 Clay, sandy, gray 2 405 Clay, blue 20 425 Clay, sandy, gray and sandstone 60 485 27/1W-36B1 Naylor, F.E. & D.R.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1963 Gravel, cemented 15 15 Gravel, cemented, gray 8 23 Clay, blue, sticky 27 50 Clay, gray 5 55 Sand and clay, gravelly 3 58 Clay, gravelly, cemented 5 63 Gravel, loose (water -bearing, salt) 1 64 Clay, blue 19 83 Clay, brown and gray, organic matter 62 145 Gravel, fine 1 146 Clay, gray 17 163 Sand, "muddy", and gravel 9 172 Sand, medium and gravel 5 177 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 27/2W-2H1 Lewis, R.R.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1970 Soil "Hardpan", rocky Shale 27/2W-11G1 Pollard, S.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1973 Soil, brown "Hardpan", rocky, brown 27/2W-13L1 Cassette, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1973 3 3 20 23 59 82 2 2 59 61 Soil 3 3 Clay, sandy 7 10 "Hardpan", brown 10 20 Gravel 7 27 27/2W-13M3 Prestwood, H.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1973 Soil 3 3 "Hardpan", rocky 5 8 Clay, gray 2 10 Sand, gravel, "hardpan" 17 27 Gravel, large (water) 8 35 27/2W-14A2 Hyde, F.; drilled by Vanausdle, ?, 1960 Soil 10 10 "Hardpan", clayey, gray 45 55 Sand (water) 8 63 "Hardpan" ? 63 97 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 27/2W-14B1 Denham, R.W.; drilled by Hood Canal, June, 1970 Soil, clayey, brown 3 3 Gravel, boulders 27 30 Clay, brown with gravel 7 37 Gravel, pea -size and clay 5 42 Clay, sandy, brown 6 48 Sand (water) 5 53 Gravel, large, gray (water) 2 55 27/2W-14Q1 Allen, L.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1973 Clay, sandy 30 30 Clay, sandy, brown 20 50 Sand, fine, brown 20 70 Sand (water) 16 86 27/2W-23B1 Peterson, W.; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1974 Soil, rocky, brown "Hardpan", brown Sand, brown and gravel 27/2W-24C1 Finelly, M.; drilled by Hood Canal, ?, 1968 Soil, rocky "Hardpan", rocky Gravel (water) 27/2W-24C3 Pederson, W.; drilled by Hood Canal, March, 1976 4 4 49 53 3 56 12 12 22 34 4 38 Gravel, large, boulders 36 36 Gravel (water) 4 40 "Hardpan", gravelly 15 55 Sand, brown, hard packed 35 90 Sand, brown (water) 39 129 Sand, gray, fine (heaves) 11 140 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued imcxness uepin Material (feet) (feet 28/1E-4M2 Hamblen, C.H.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1972 Soil 3 3 Clay, sandy and gravel 32 35 Clay, sandy, brown 19 54 "Hardpan", gravelly 14 68 Clay, gray and gravel 10 78 Clay, brown and "hardpan" 26 104 Gravel and sand, "hardpan" 16 120 Gravel and sand (water) 3 123 "Hardpan", clayey 3 126 28/1E-4P2 Murry, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1972 Soil 4 4 "Hardpan", gravelly, brown 3 7 "Hardpan", gray 15 22 Clay, sandy, brown 28 50 "Hardpan", gray 47 97 Gravel and sand (water) 5 102 28/1E-5P1 Toepper, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, August, 1972 Soil 2 2 "Hardpan", clayey, brown 27 29 Gravel, pea -size 1 30 Clay, brown and sand 40 70 Clay, blue, "gummy" 14 84 Clay, sandy, gray 6 90 Clay, blue 63 153 Sand, brown (water) 8 161 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Material Thickness Depth (feet) (feet) 28/1E-8H1 Pope and Talbot Development, Inc,; drilled by Gaudio, November, 1968 "Hardpan" 34 34 Clay, sand, gravel 5 39 "Hardpan" 9 48 Clay, sand 9 57 "Hardpan" 23 80 Sand, gravel, some clay binder (small amount of 48 128 water 80-82) Clay, silt and sandy wet peat 14 142 Clay, silt 20 162 Clay, gravel, some sand 24 186 Clay, some gravel and peat 28 214 Sand, gravel (water) 9 P23 Sand, some gravel, clay layer 12 235 Sand, gravel, cemented layer (water) 10 245 Sand, gravel (water) 10 255 Clay, blue gray 2 257 28/1E-8L1 Woodruff, F.L.; drilled by Hood Canal, January, 1975 "Hardpan", rocky 19 19 "Hardpan", sandy 31 50 Clay, sandy, brown 48 98 "Hardpan", gravelly, gray 12 110 Rock, hard 5 115 Clay, sandy, gray 67 182 Sand, brown (water) 5 187 Gravel, pea -size (water) 6 193 "Hardpan" ? 193 28/1E-15R2 Roden, V.G.; drilled by Hood Canal; February, 1974 Soil, sandy, rocky, brown 4 4 "Hardpan", brown, soft 8 12 "Hardpan", gray, soft 34 46 Clay, sandy, gray 3 49 "Hardpan", gray 6 55 Clay, sandy, gray and gravel 5 60 "Hardpan", gray, hard P4 84 Clay, gray, sandy 2 86 Sand, gray, gravel, clay chunks 5 91 Sand, gravel 4 95 100 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 28/1E-16P2 Washburn, L.; drilled by Van Ausdle, December, 1974 Sand 10 10 Clay, brown, sand, gravel 8 18 Clay, blue, sand, gravel 27 45 Clay, blue 5 50 Sand, gravel 2 52 28/1E-16Q3 Pingrey, C.; drilled by Stoican, July, 1975 Soil, rocky; brown 9 9 Clay, sandy, brown 28 37 Sand, fine (water) 28 65 Sand, brown, fine, gravel (water) 12 77 Sand, brown, fine, with clay 26 103 Sand, coarse to fine 9 112 Sand, brown, fine, with clay 26 138 28/1E-21F3 Port Ludlow #9; drilled by Story and Armstrong, October, 1972 Sand, silty 23 23 Sand, silty with gravel 10 33 Sand, coarse and gravel 7 40 Gravel, granular with sand 11-1/2 51-1/2 Clay, gray 8-1/2 60 Clay, silty, gray 9 69 Basalt (Eocene) 1 70 28/1E-2233 Sewell, B.; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1973 Soil 3 3 Clay, brown, gummy 18 21 Gravel and "hardpan", sandy, clayey 92 113 Clay, silt and sand with water 205 318 Basalt, gray 4 322 Basalt, broken (water) 2 324 101 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 28/1E-22G3 Erickson, E.T.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1973 Soil 1 1 "Hardpan", sandy 18 19 Clay, gray 129 148 Clay, silty, gray 40 188 Basalt, broken 2 190 Basalt, hard 194 384 Basalt, fractured 1 385 28/1E-27A1 Perhacs, L.; drilled by Hood Canal, August, 1969 Clay, sticky 60 60 "Hardpan", gray 5 65 Clay, sandy, gray 205 270 Gravel, pea -size (water) 6 276 28/1E-33M3 Olympic Land and Investments Co.; drilled by Hood Canal, January, 1974 Clay, sandy, brown 20 20 Clay, sandy, gray 148 168 "Hardpan", gray and clay, brown 16 184 Basalt, very hard 15 199 Basalt, gray, hard 10 209 Basalt, gray, very hard 74 283 Basalt, red, soft (water) 2 285 Basalt, gray, hard 53 338 Basalt, banded 44 382 Basalt, lavender, soft 5 387 Basalt, light gray 7 394 Basalt, very hard 6 400 28/1E-33Q3 Boyd, K.; drilled by Hood Canal, May, 1969 Gravel, sandy 50 50 "Hardpan", rocky 15 65 Clay, sandy 45 110 Clay, gray 78 188 "Hardpan" 3 191 Gravel (water) 2 193 "Hardpan" 16 209 Gravel (water -small amount) 1 210 "Hardpan", clayey 10 220 "Hardpan", gravelly 66 286 Basalt, red 6 292 Basalt, black ? 292 102 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued 28/1E-34Q1 Boyd, B.A.; drilled by Hood Canal, November, 1972 Soil 5 5 Gravel, sandy, clay 5 10 "Hardpan", gray green 5 15 Clay, gray, gummy 16 31 Glay, sandy, gray 22 53 Peat, prown 12 65 Clay, gray, gummy 31 96 Gravel, "hardpan", sandy 9 105 Basalt, hard 85 190 28/1W-2B1 Kimball, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1973 Clay, sandy, gray 3 3 "Hardpan" 4 7 Clay, gray 96 103 Sand, fine (water) 13 116 28/1W-3N1 Olsen, T.; drilled by Hood Canal, February, 1975 Soil, rocky 8 8 "Hardpan", gray, rocky 25 33 Clay, sandy (some water) 1 34 "Hardpan", gray 17 51 Gravel (water) 2 53 28/1W-IOQI Carstensen, H.; drilled by Hood Canal, june, 1973 Soil 3 3 "Hardpan", brown 26 29 "Hardpan", gray 95 124 Clay, sandy, brown 45 169 Clay, gummy 61 230 ? 27 257 Sand, fine (water) 9 266 "Hardpan" 0 266 103 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Material 28/1W-11L1 Hansen, W.; drilled by Hood Canal, May, 1973 Soil 1 1 "Hardpan", brown 111 112 Sand, brown (dry) 24 136 Clay, sandy (wet) 9 145 Clay, sandy, brown 3 148 Clay, sandy, gray 16 164 "Hardpan", brown 14 178 Sand, brown (dry) 30 208 Sand and gravel 17 225 28/1W-17H1 Bletham, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, ?, ? Soil 1 1 Clay, gravel and sand 11 12 Clay and "hardpan" 18 30 Shale 60 90 Shale, banded, hard 2 92 Shale 48 140 Shale, banded 8 148 Shale 2 150 28/1W-21M1 Bader, G.; drilled by Bekkevar, April, 1974 Soil 1 1 Clay, sandy 3 4 Clay, sandy, brown and "hardpan", rocky 17 21 Gravel, sand (water) 17 38 28/1W-32B1 Park, R.D.; drilled by Hood Canal, September, 1973 Soil, sandy, brown 16 16 Shale, gray 8 P4 Sand and gravel 4 28 Shale, gray 14 42 Shale, brown 105 147 Shale, gray 19 156 Shale, brown 6 162 Shale, gray 19 181 Shale, brown 15 196 104 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 28/2W-23Q1 Clevanger, L.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1972 Soil 3 3 Clay, gray, gummy 49 52 "Hardpan", gray 17 69 "Hardpan", brown 9 78 Gravel (water) 3 81 28/2W-25D1 Thomas, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1973 Clay, gray, gummy 8 8 Shale 167 175 28/2W-25P1 Full Gospel Church; drilled by Hood Canal, March, 1973 Soil 1 1 Clay 3 4 Clay, sandy 21 25 Shale, banded 213 238 28/2W-26H1 Ralls, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1973 Soil, brown 2 2 Clay, brown 34 36 Clay, gray 12 48 Clay, gray, sandy, rocky 8 56 Clay, gray, rocky 30 86 Sand and gravel 2 88 29/lE-8R2 Shumaker, F.; drilled by Stoican, February, 1966 Soil 2 2 "Hardpan", brown 16 18 Sand, brown, medium 29 47 Clay, blue 113 160 Sand, coarse 3 163 Sand, fine with some gravel, coarse 4 167 105 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued terial 29/1E-9D1 Stavney, G.; drilled by Stoican, April, 1969 Soil 2 2 Clay, gray and brown 8 10 Clay, brown 14 24 Clay, brown, sandy 7 31 Sand, brown, dry 87 118 Clay, gray, and gravel 2 120 Gravel, gray, and sand 5 125 Sand (water) 5 130 Gravel, brown, cemented 2 132 Sand, brown, and gravel (water) 4 136 Clay, blue 2 138 29/1E-18G1 Savitch, A.; drilled by Sedlak, July, 1975 Soil 2 2 Clay, brown, gravel 6 8 Clay, gray, gravel 9 17 Sandstone, brown, soft 18 35 Sandstone, gray, medium 23 58 29/1E-19G1 Amick, E.; drilled by Hood Canal, June, 1974 Clay and "hardpan" 30 30 Clay, sandy 26 56 Clay, sandy, coarse 4 60 Basalt, gray 240 300 Basalt, black (water) 25 325 Basalt, black 20 345 29/1E-19K1 Peters, B.; drilled by Hood Canal, ?, ? Sand, soft P2 22 "Hardpan", sandy 26 48 Rocks and sand 12 60 "Hardpan", rocky 18 78 Sand, fine 13 91 Sand, medium 20 ill 106 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/1E-19P6 Brooks, V.L.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1975 Sand, brown 8 8 "Hardpan", gray, rocky 39 47 Clay, gray 8 55 Clay, brown 1 56 Sand and gravel (water) 1 57 Sand, gray 6 63 Clay, gray 63 126 "Hardpan", gravelly 10 136 Clay and gravel 4 140 "Hardpan", brown green 26 166 Gravel, firmly packed 9 175 Clay, gray, sandy 3 178 Gravel, hard -packed (water) 4 182 Gravel, sandy (water - 2-1/2 gpm) 2 184 Gravel, hard packed 4 188 "Hardpan", clayey 9 197 Basalt, black 63 260 29/1E-19Q1 Finch, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, September, 1973 Soil 1 1 Clay, brown 13 14 Gravel, gray and "hardpan" 11 25 Clay, blue 6 31 Clay, gray 55 86 Basalt, broken and clay, gray 9 95 Basalt, black, hard 66 161 29/1E-28N3 Kelso; drilled by Hood Canal, December, 1974 Soil, brown 3 3 Clay, brown 9 12 "Hardpan", gray, rocky 24 36 Gravel, sandy (water) 2 38 Gravel (water) 2 40 107 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/1E-28P2 Smythe, B.; drilled by Hood Canal, December, 1972 Basalt, weathered 6 6 Basalt 85 91 29/1E-33E1 Gainer, C.; drilled by Hood Canal, May, 1970 Clay, brown 8 8 "Hardpan", gray, clayey 47 55 Clay, gray 1 56 Basalt 78 134 29/1E-33F2 Edgbert, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, August, 1972 Soil 1 1 "Hardpan", brown 4 5 "Hardpan", gray, sandy 35 40 Clay, blue 2 42 Clay, brown, sandy 8 50 Basalt, gray 21 71 Basalt, red 12 83 Basalt, gray 152 235 29/1W-2K1 Green, E.A.; drilled by Hood Canal, June, 1974 Sand and gravel 30 30 "Hardpan", gravelly 50 80 Gravel and sand (water) 11 91 "Hardpan" -- 91 M Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/1W-2R2 Jefferson Co. PUD; drilled by Hood Canal, June, 1972 Soil, brown, sandy and clayey 8 8 "Hardpan", gravelly 46 54 Clay, brown 6 60 "Hardpan", brown 1 61 Clay, blue 2 63 Clay, blue and gravel 1 64 "Hardpan", brown, clayey 12 76 Gravel, hard -packed, clean (water) 13 89 Gravel, gray and "hardpan", clayey 5 94 "Hardpan", gravelly 1 95 Gravel, large (water) 9 104 "Hardpan", clayey 1 105 Gravel, large (water) 2 107 Clay, soft and gravel 3 110 29/1 W=Xl City of Port Townsend; drilled by Western Drilling, Tacoma, February 1956 Soil with gravel, medium 6 6 "Hardpan", gravelly, coarse 11 17 "Hardpan", gravelly, coarse with boulders 23 40 "Hardpan", slightly softer with finer gravel 13 53 Sand, fine (small amount of water) 3 56 Sand, heaving 13 69 Sand, coarse (water) 1 70 Peat 2 72 Sand, heaving 2 74 Clay 1 75 Gravel, coarse (large amount of water) 4 79 Sand, heaving 8 87 Gravel, medium, sandy 8 95 Gravel, pea -size (water) 13 108 Gravel, medium, and sand with some clay -hard 6 114 Clay and gravel (water) 4 1,18 Sand, coarse and gravel 6 124 Clay, blue 22 146 Sand, coarse 2 148 Clay, blue 10 158 Sand, coarse and pea gravel 12 170 Clay and sand .5 175 Gravel and sand, coarse 3 178 Clay 6 184 109 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/1W-5Q1 Malsed, L.; drilled by Hood Canal, January, 1969 Soil 3 3 "Hardpan", brown, rocky 37 40 "Hardpan", gray, sandy, rocky 55 95 "Hardpan", sandy with pea gravel 11 106 Pea gravel and sand (water) 8 114 Gravel (water) 4 118 Clay, sandy __ 118 29/1W-8B1 Sahara Water Co.; drilled by Hood Canal, January, 1973 Gravel and sand 8 8 "Hardpan", brown 19 27 Clay, gray, sandy 11 38 Sandstone, gray 80 118 Sandstone, hard (water -about 1 gpm) 5 123 Sandstone (2 gpm) 2 125 Sandstone (7 gpm) 10 135 Sandstone 15 150 29/1W-IOQI Rasmussen, T.; drilled by Stoican, December, 1974 Sand, brown, and gravel 12 12 Clay, brown, sandy 10 22 Sand and gravel (dry) 6 28 Sand and gravel, brown (water) 2 30 Sand and gravel, brown, cemented 3 33 Sand and gravel (water) 2 35 Sand and gravel, brown, cemented 1 36 Sand and gravel, gray (water) with clay layers 5 41 Sand and gravel, gray and clay 1 42 Sand and gravel (water) 3 45 29/1W-14H1 Shaw, D.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1972 Soil 3 3 Clay, blue, gummy 142 145 Sand, gray, clayey 12 157 Sand and gravel (water) 23 180 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/1W-15A1 Brown, B.G.; drilled by Hood Canal, November, 1973 Gravel, brown, clayey 24 24 Clay, gray, gravelly 4 28 Clay, gray 4 32 Gravel, coarse (water) 8 40 "Hardpan", clayey -- -- 29/1W-18E2 Barrett, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, April, 1974 "Hardpan", brownr 86 86 Sand and gravel (water) 28 114 29/1W-22E1 Scott, R.W.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1975 Soil 1 1 Clay, brown, gravelly 12 13 Clay, gray, gravelly 60 73 Clay, brown, sandy 23 96 Sand and gravel, brown (dry) 74 170 Sand, brown (dry) 58 228 Sand, brown, fine 41 269 Sand, brown, silty 2 271 Sand, gray 21 292 Sand, gray, fine, wood fragments 5 297 Sand, gray, silty, wood fragments 6 303 Sand, gray, fine, hard -packed 17 320 Sand, gray, fine 4 324 Shale with interbeds of sandstone 16 340 29/1W-22G1 Meacham, M.L.; drilled by Hood Canal, ?, ? Clay, -gray, sandy 57 57 Clay, gray, gummy 110 167 Clay, gray, hard 19 186 "Hardpan" -- -- 111 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Dept Material (feet) (feet) 29/1W-23P1 Short, N.L.; drilled by Western, ?, 1956(?) Soil 3 3 Peat 3 6 Gravel, hard -packed 34 40 Clay, hard 5 45 Shale, hard 25 70 Shale, broken 1 71 Shale, hard 269 340 29/1W-24Q1 Johnson, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, February, 1974 Soil, brown 8 8 "Hardpan", brown, soft 26 34 Gravel, sand, brown, clay 9 43 Sand and gravel 2 45 Sand, brown, clay, gravel 9 54 Sand and gravel, coarse 3 57 29/1W-26Q1 Gould, G.; drilled by Hood Canal, July, 1973 Soil, gray, clayey 7 7 Clay, gray 18 25 "Hardpan", gray 13 38 Sandstone 2 40 29/1W-34E1 Putus, R.; drilled by Hood Canal, November, 1973 Soil, brown 3 3 "Hardpan", brown 25 28 Sand, brown 50 78 Sand, gray, clay layers 48 126 Clay, gray, silty 4 130 Clay, gray 63 193 Sand, gray, clay, banded 2 195 Sandstone, gray brown, clay and rock 4 199 112 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/1W-35R1 Huggins, K.; drilled by Hood Canal, January, 1974 Soil, brown 2 2 "Hardpan", brown 31 33 Sand, brown with clay 47 80 Sand, gray 16 96 29/2W-5M1 Foster, L.C.; drilled by VanAusdle, February, 1974 Clay, brown, gravel 38 38 Clay, blue, gravel 7 45 Clay, blue 42 87 Clay, blue, gravel 8 95 Clay, blue, sand 17 112 Clay, blue, sand, gravel 6 118 Clay, blue, sand 5 123 Clay, tan, gravel 7 130 Clay, blue 27 157 Clay, blue, sand 11 168 Clay, blue, sand, gravel 12 180 Clay, blue 30 210 Clay, blue, sandstone 5 215 Clay, blue 10 225 Clay, blue, sandstone 10 235 Clay, blue, sand 5 240 Clay, tan, sand 5 245 Clay, blue 23 268 Clay, blue, silt 32 300 29/2W-13A1 Barrett, H.F.; drilled by Hood Canal, January, 1969 Clay, brown, sandy 33 33 Gravel, pea, clay, sandy 2 35 Gravel and clay 12 47 "Hardpan" 180 227 Gravel, sand (water - 1 gpm) 3 230 "Hardpan", gray, sandy 62 292 Sand (water) 13 305 Shale -- 305+ 113 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 29/2W-13J2 Broders, R.; drilled by VanAusdle, September, 1974 Clay, brown, gravel 54 54 Sand, gravel 14 68 Clay, brown 2 70 Clay, blue, sandstone 55 125 29/2W-25M1 Bonneville Power Adm.; drilled by ?, January, 1958 Fill 4 4 Sand, fine and gravel with clay 8 12 Sand, fine and gravel with trace of clay at bottom 22 34 Clay, blue, firm 26 60 Clay, hard and small rocks 10 70 Boulder 2 72 Sand, cemented and gravel 14 86 Sand and gravel (water - 1 1/2 gpm) 3 89 Sand and gravel, hard -packed (some water) 3 92 Quicksand, saturated 8 100 Sand, very fine, and gravel (water) 8 108 Sand, hard -packed, and gravel 17 125 Sand, coarse, and gravel 25 150 29/3W-lJ1 Ferguson, J.H.; drilled by VanAusdle, August, 1971 Soil, sandy 4 4 "Hardpan" 15 19 Sand, brown, clay 16 35 Sand, blue, gravel 17 52 Sand, blue, gravel, clay (some water) 14 66 Clay, blue 16 82 Sand, gravel 2 84 Sand, coarse 4 88 Sand, fine 8 96 30/1E-20E1 Norman, S.W.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1975 Clay, brown, hard and sand 8 8 Sand, brown and clay, pea gravel 8 16 Sand, fine with clay 5 21 Sand, brown (water) 9 30 114 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/1E-20Kl Bedell, S.F.; drilled by Hood Canal, May, 1972 Soil, clayey 2 2 Hardpan, gray 48 50 Hardpan, brown 20 70 Clay, brown, sandy 40 110 Clay, sandy, sticky 13 123 Sand, gray (water) 7 130 30/1E-32G1 Olmstead, L.E.; drilled by Hood Canal, March, 1972 Soil 2 2 Clay, gray, sandy 6 8 Clay, yellow, sandy 3 11 Sandstone, gray, soft 124 135 Sandstone, gray, hard 1 136 Sandstone, gray, soft 11 147 Sandstone, gray, hard 4 151 Sandstone, gray, soft 3 154 Sandstone, gray, hard 6 160 Sandstone, gray, soft 185 30/lW-4Rl Steinke, R.D.; drilled by VanAusdle, March, 1976 Soil 2 2 Sand, brown 10 12 Sand and gravel, gray, cemented 20 32 Sand, gray 63 95 Sand, fine 20 115 Sand, very fine 10 125 Silt and clay, brown 8 133 Clay, blue 17 150 Clay, blue and silt 35 185 Sand, fine 34 219 Sand, coarse 1 220 Sand, fine 12 232 Sand, coarse 7 239 115 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/1W-5M1 Broders, C.; drilled by VanAusdle, July, 1973 Sand and gravel 135 135 Clay and sand, brown 13 148 Clay, brown 17 165 Clay, blue 35 200 Clay, blue, sandy 30 230 Sand, fine 25 255 Sand 45 300 Clay, blue black 60 360 30/1W-7F1 See, V.; drilled by Hood Canal, March, 1974 Soil 1 1 Clay, sandy 17 18 "Hardpan", brown 7 25 Sand, brown 35 60 Clay, gray, sandy 85 145 Sand, fine with pea gravel (some water) 44 189 Sand, coarse and gravel (water) 8 197 30/1W-9K1 Taylor, R.; drilled by Stoican, May, 1976 Soil 2 2 Clay, brown, sandy 22 24 Clay, gray, sandy 31 55 Sand, brown and gravel, small 17 72 Sand, brown 14 86 Sand, brown and gravel, large 54 140 Clay, brown, sandy 9 149 Clay, gray, sandy 2 151 Clay, brown, sandy 14 165 Clay, gray, sandy 46 211 Sand, gray, fine (water) 7 218 Sand, gray, finer (water) 12 230 Sand, gray, coarse 2 232 Sand, gray, coarser 13 245 116 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/1W-17L2 Whitney, C.; drilled by Hood Canal, September, 1972 "Hardpan", brown 9 9 Clay, brown, sandy, soft 83 92 "Hardpan", brown, rocky 70 162 Clay, gray 61 223 Clay, brown 7 230 Sand, brown, fine (water) 15 245 Clay, gray, gummy 35 280 30/1W-18M1 Cape George Village; drilled by Russell Drilling, Shelton, Wa., February 1969 Gravel, cemented and clay 20 20 Gravel, cemented 75 95 Gravel, sand and clay 30 125 Sand and clay 15 140 Clay, blue 100 240 Sand, brown and clay 30 270 Sand (water) 18 288 Sand, coarse and gravel (water) 12 300 30/1W-20E1 Provonsha, G.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1974 Soil, brown, sandy 9 9 Gravel, packed, boulders 14 23 Sand, gray, packed and gravel 5 28 Gravel (water) 2 30 Gravel, gray, packed Gravel (water) 110 1/2 4401/2 Gravel, packed and clay 49 Clay, gray, gravelly 11 60 . Clay, gray -- -- 30/1W-21El Anderson, V.; drilled by Stoican, August 1967 Sand, gray, cemented 120 120 Sand, gray, dry and gravel 64 184 Sand, gray and gravel (water) 2 186 Clay, blue 23 209 117 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/1W-22Q1 State Parks and Rec. Commission; drilled by Western Drilling, February, 1956 Sand, fine and silt 6 6 Gravel 9 15 Gravel, hard packed, cemented 120 Clay 18 .135 153 Sand, fine 11 164 Sand with clay 24 188 Clay 12 200 Sand 60 260 Clay 10 270 30/1W-28D1 Hancock, M.R.; drilled by Stoican, April, 1969 Soil 1 1 Gravel, brown, cemented PO 21 Clay, blue 1 22 Clay, blue and brown 14 36 Clay, brown, sandy (water) 12 48 Sand, brown, dry 62 110 Clay, blue 30 140 Sand and gravel, brown (water) 3 143 Gravel, brown (water) 6 149 30/1W-29E1 Bailey, P.; drilled by Stoican, ?, ? Clay, brown (water at 9 feet) 35 35 Gravel and water 8 43 Till 29 72 Gravel, gray and silt (water) 10 82 Till 11 93 Gravel (water - 500-600 gpm) 6 99 Till 6 105 Clay, gray, silty 124 229 Sand, gray, coarse and gravel 20 249 Gravel, gray, coarse 11 260 Clay, blue, sticky 30 290 118 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/1W-29N1 Easton, A.E.; drilled by VanAusdle, March, 1963 Sand, fine 48 48 Gravel (water) 6 54 30/1W-32K2 Simene, F & J; drilled by Sedlak, ?, ? Soil, sandy 19 19 Sand and clay 3 22 Clay, gray 29 26 51 77 Sand and clay 4 81 Gravel, sand, and clay Sand and gravel, cemented 7 88 Sand and gravel -- -- 30/1W-33H1 Egelkrout, J.; drilled by Hood Canal, October, 1970 Clay, sandy 23 23 Gravel and sand 27 50 "Hardpan" 15 65 Clay 30 95 Clay, gummy Sand, coarse (water) 1 10 96 106 30/1W-34J1 Smithson, J.; drilled by Sedlak, March, 1971 Soil, sandy 38 38 Sand, brown and clay 47 85 Clay, gray with sand 12 15 97 112 Clay Clay, gravel 3 115 Sand, cemented 8 123 Sand, fine and clay 6 2 129 131 Gravel, cemented Sand and clay 2 133 Sand, cemented 13 146 Sand and gravel -- -- 119. Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/2W-12Q1. Cape George Land Co.; drilled by Russell, September, 1964 Boulder and clay 2 2 Sand and clay 30 32 Gravel, cemented 5 37 Sand and gravel 2 39 Boulder 1 40 Gravel, cemented 8 48 Clay, blue 10 58 Clay and gravel 2 60 Sand 1 61 Clay 82 143 Boulder, granite 1 144 Clay, sand and gravel 4 148 Gravel, cemented 1 149 Boulder 1 150 Cla178 26 Sand and clay 184 Sand and gravel 28 212 Clay and gravel 1 213 30/2W-13J1 Cape George Village; drilled by Russell, October, 1964 Clay and rocks 3 3 Clay and sand 15 18 Gravel, cemented 6 24 Clay, gravel and sand 12 38 Boulders 2 40 Gravel, cemented and clay 16 56 Sand and gravel (dry) 30 86 Clay and sand 7 93 Sand and clay 52 145 Gravel, cemented 15 160 Sand and clay 50 210 Sand 18 228 Clay 12 240 Sand and gravel 6 246 Clay, blue 64 310 Gravel and sand 5 315 Clay 1 316 120 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/2W-21B1 Dent, H.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1974 Soil 2 2 Clay, brown, sandy 10 12 Sand and clay, gravelly 38 50 Gravel, brown, coarse, some sand 8 58 Gravel, coarse, some clay 32 90 Clay, blue, silty 4 94 Sand, gray 11 105 Clay, gray, sandy 12 117 Gravel, brown and sand 17 134 Gravel, brown 32 166 Clay, brown, gravelly 11 177 Sand and gravel, small 29 206 Gravel, cemented 21 225 Sand, gray, fine 24 249 Gravel, brown, cemented 49 298 Clay, gray 10 308 Clay, gray, cemented and gravel 12 320 Sand and gravel, small 2 322 Gravel, coarse and sand (water) 7 329 Sand and gravel 36 365 30/2W-21Q1 Diamond Point Water Co.; drilled by Burt, June, 1975 "Hardpan" and rocks 23 23 Sand and gravel 15 38 "Hardpan", blue 3 41 Clay, blue 80 121 Sand, brown (dry) 8 129 "Hardpan", brown, gravelly 35 164 Sand, brown (dry) 18 182 Clay, brown silty 6 188 Gravel, large and sand (dry) 38 226 Gravel, large, and sand (water) 17 243 Clay, brown 2 245 Clay, blue 8 253 Hardpan, blue, gravelly 18 271 Clay, blue 92 363 Sand, gray (water) 30 393 Sand, fine -- -- 121 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/2W-24A1 Balch Land Development Corp; drilled by Richardson, August, 1975 Soil 3 3 Clay, silty 4 7 Sand and gravel, silty, compacted 73 80 Sand, gray, brown, medium 60 140 Sand and gravel 20 160 Sand, gray; some gravel (dry) 50 210 Sand and pea gravel (some water) 35 245 Till 23 268 Clay, blue 19 287 Till 14 301 Clay and gravel 26 327 Till with sand stringers 103 430 Clay, gray, silty 210 640 Clay, silty and gravel, compacted 100 740 30/2W-27M1 Messer, L.J.; drilled by Ausdale, May, 1954 Sand and gravel 81 81 "Hardpan" 11 92 Sand 9 101 "Hardpan" 19 120 Sand and gravel 8 128 30/2W-28M1 Sunshine Acres; drilled by Stoican, June, 1975 Soil, black, sandy 1 1 Sand, brown, gravelly 7 8 Gravel, brown, sandy (water) 3 11 Clay, brown, sandy 63 74 Sand, gray (water) 3 77 Clay, gray 1 78 Clay, gray, sandy, silty 22 100 Sand, gray, clean (water) 20 120 Clay, gray 2 122 122 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued imcxness ueprn Material (feet) (feet) 30/2W-29R1 Schoenrock, R.; drilled by VanAusdle, April, 1974 Clay, brown, and gravel 20 20 Sand and gravel 40 60 Clay, brown 23 83 Clay, brown and gravel 45 128 Clay, blue 1 129 30/2W-33H2 Davis, G.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1974 Clay, brown and soil, boulders 14 14 Boulders, granite 4 18 Clay, brown, gravelly 7 25 Sand, brown and gravel (water) 7 32 Clay, gray with gravel 6 38 Clay, black, brown with gravel 6 44 Clay, brown, gravelly, hard, cemented and sand 52 96 Gravel, brown and sand (water) 2 98 Shale and gravel 1 99 Shale, brown and gravel (water) 2 101 Gravel, brown, packed (water) 10 ill Gravel, brown, cemented and shale 4 115 Gravel (water) 5 120 Gravel, brown, sandy and clay 3 123 Sand, brown, fine, packed (water) 11 134 Sand, gray blue, fine and clay 2 136 Clay, gray blue 10 146 Gravel, cemented; clay gray "shale" layers 1 147 30/2W-33M1 Gee, L.; drilled by VanAusdle, April, 1974 Clay, brown and gravel 15 15 Clay, tan and gravel, cemented 33 48 Gravel 6 54 Clay, brown and sand 6 60 Sand and gravel 24 84 Sand 6 90 Sand and gravel 10 100 Clay, brown and sand and gravel 8 108 Clay, brown and sand, fine 9 117 Silt, brown 4 121 Clay, brown, and sand and gravel 32 153 Gravel 3 156 Sand 1 157 Gravel 6 163 123 Table 5. -- Drillers' Logs of Representative Wells - Continued Thickness Depth Material (feet) (feet) 30/2W-34C1 Swarthout, J.D.; drilled by Stoican, June, 1960 Soil 1 1 Sand, gravel, clay 7 8 Gravel, cemented 11 19 Gravel, hard 1 20 Gravel, clay 18 38 Gravel, packed (water) 2 40 Gravel, hard -packed, "muddy" 10 50 Sand (water, salty) 2 52 Gravel, hard- acked, "muddy" 18 70 Gravel (water 1 71 Gravel, clay 4 75 Gravel (water - saltier) 2 77 30/2W-35F2 Yates, 0.; drilled by Hood Canal, March, 1972 Soil, brown and gravel 3 3 Boulder 1 4 Gravel and clay, brown 11 15 Boulder 1 16 Gravel, clay, brown and "hardpan" 4 20 "Hardpan", gray, sandy, hard 5 25 Shale, gray, hard, shattered 25 50 30/3W-25G1 Lynch, P.A.; drilled by Stoican, December, 1973 Soil 3 3 Sand, brown and gravel 7 10 Clay, brown 14 24 Sand, brown, cemented and gravel 21 45 Clay, brown, sandy 10 55 Clay, brown 6 61 Clay, blue 22 83 Peat and clay (dry gas) 11 94 Clay, blue 47 141 Clay, sandy, "muddy" 3 144 Clay, brown 5 149 Clay, blue 35 184 Clay, brown 1 185 Sand, fine to coarse (water) 6 191 124 Table 6 FACTORS FOR CONVERTING PERTINENT ENGLISH UNITS TO METRIC UNITS Multiply X. To obtain inches-------------------- 0.0254 meters (m) 2.54 centimeters (cm) 25.4 millimeters (mm) feet---------------------- 30.48 centimeters (cm) .3048 meters (m) miles (mi)---------------- 1.609 kilometers (km) 2 acres--------------------- .004047 square kilometers (km2) square miles (mi2)-------- 2.590 square kilometers (km ) cubic feet (ft3)---------- .02832 cubic meters (m3) 28.32 liters (L) gallons (gal)------------- 3.785 liters (L) .003785 cubic meters (m3) acre-feet (acre-ft)------- 1233. cubic meters (m3) feet per second (ft/s)---- 30.48 centimeters per second (cm/s) .3048 meters per second (m/s) cubic feet per second----- .02832 cubic meters per second (m3/s) (ft3/s) 28.32 liters per second (L/s) gallons per minute-------- .06309 liters per second (L/s) (gal/min) gallons per minute per---- .2070 liters per second per meter (L/s)/m) foot (gal/min)/ft) degrees Fahrenheit (OF)--- Subtract 32, degrees Celsius (°C) multiply re- mainder by 0.5556 125