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Stormwater Program Guidance Manual
Volume I
interested in the papers on operations and maintenance, and disposal of waste from
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2. BACKGROUND
Urban stormwater is the water that runs off roads, pavement and roofs during
rainstorms. It flows overland .through intentional and unintentional conveyances to'
surface water bodies such as fakes. streams or wetlands, or, in some instances, to
areas where it infiltrates into groundwater. In the course of flowing over the urban'
landscape stormwater.picks up'pollutants from the myriad of human activities in
residential, commercial and industrial areas. In addition, the large impervious
surfaces. in urban areas increase the quantity and peak flows of runoff, which in
tum increase floodingandi erosion of ditches and stream chan~els. The resulting
sediment increases the pollutant load of urban stormwater.
Common pollutants ,in storm water , and some potential sources, are as follows: 1
lead
gasoline
motor oil
transmission bearings
zinc
motor oil
tire wear
galvanized roofing and
downspouts
cadmium
tire wear
metai plating
. batteries
1 Adapted from a number of sources: Novotny, V. and G. Chesters, 1981. Handbook of Nonpoint
Pollution. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. p. 322. Galvin D. and R. Moore, 1982. Toxicants
in Urban Runoff, METRO Toxicant Program, Report 12. METRO, Seattle, pp 3-89 - 3-92. PTI
Environmental Services, 1991. Pollutants of concern in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Estuary Program, U.S.
EPA, Seattle, pp47-51. URS etal, 1988. City of PuyaUup, Stormwater Management Program. Technical
Memorandum WQ-1: Stormwater Quality Issues. Table 1.
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copper
break linings
thrust bearings
bushings
chromium
metal plating
rocker arms
crankshafts
brake linings
yellow lane-striping paint
arsenic
ASARCO Smelter
fossil fuel combustion
bacterial/viral agents
..
domestic animals
septic systems
animal and manure transport
oil It grease
motor vehicles
illegal disposal of used oil
organic toxins
'pesticides
combustion products
petroleum products
paints and preservatives
plasticizers
solvents
sediment
construction sites
stream channel erosion
poorly vegetated lands
slope failure
vehicular deposition
. nutrients
sediments
fertilizers
domestic animals
septic systems
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Stormwater Program Guidance Manual
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vegetative matter
heat
pavement runoff
loss of shading along streams
oxygen demanding organics
vegetative matter
petroleum products
Pollutants in. or resulting from. stormwater can cause a wide range of impacts.
Some pollutants such as metals. oil and grease. and organic toxins are toxic to
aquatic organisms if concentrations are high enough. Sediments cause tissue
abrasion and gill clogging in fish, they reduce light and, impair algal growth, they
smother fish spawning habitat and, are transporters of other pollutants. Nutrients
accelerate eutrophication of lakes and ponds resulting in nuisance algal blooms.
reduced clarity.' odors and reduced'drinking water quality. Temperature sensitive
fish and invertebrates cannot survive in overly warm water bodies.
InPuget Sound storm water has been estimated to contribute about 7% of the total
flow from all point and nonpoint sources but about 60% of the total lead (Ph). 30%
of the total zinc (Zn. the most from anyone source). and nearly all of th~ total fecal
coliform bacteria.2
3. STATE AND FEDERA~'PROGRAMS FOR MANAGING STORMWATER QUALITY
A. THE PUGET SOUND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN
In December of 1986 the Puget Sound Water Quality Authority adopted the 1987
Puget Sound Water:,Quality Management Plan. The Plan established. among other
things. the requirement for local governments in the PUget Sound basin to develOp
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2 Arnold, F.D., J.A. Lowe, and D.R.G. Farrow. 1987. The national coastal pollutant discharge
inventory, estimates for Puget Sound. Draft report. Produced by Strategic AssessmentBranch, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD. October 1987. Cited in: Richter, J. 1988. State
of the Sound, 1988 Report. Produced by the Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, WA. May
1988. page 117.
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