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HomeMy WebLinkAboutLog060 ~\Ii!:S> ~t.<>,I'l'l'l ~f,'1 ~ e....""'1 ~,~ ~ . ~f..tNAc'L.- t.$' ~~ ,f&\t\... 8'~ DAVID EVANS AND ASSOCIATES,_ IN f\loE ~ug~~-tro" \0 1\-. March 17, 1997 b....... . 3700 Pacific Highway East Suite 311 Mr. Bruce Bailey President, Chevy Chase Golf Course 17755 Beach Drive N.E. Seattle, WA 98155-4516 Tacoma, Washington 98424 Tel: 206.922.9780 Fax: 206.922.9781 SUBJECT: Revised Geological Hazards Assessment for the Chevy Chase P.U.D. Port Townsend, Washington Dear Mr. Bailey: m January, 1997, David Evans and Associates, mc. (DEA) conducted an evaluation of potential geologic hazard areas as defined in Section 9 and Section 1 of the Jefferson County mterim Critical Areas Ordinance Number 05- 0509-94 as amended on June 26, 1995. m Jefferson County, geologic hazards are classified based on the presence of erosion, landslide and seismic hazards. As stated in the ordinance, geologically hazardous areas are characterized by slope, soil type, geologic material, and groundwater conditions that may combine during and/or after construction, or during natural events such as earthquakes or severe rainstorms. Based on the surface and subsurface evaluations conducted by DEA on the subject property, it is our opinion that no geologic hazards occur on the property and the development proposed is compatible with the surface and subsurface conditions observed and described. As stated in Sections 9.402 and 11.07 the Jefferson County Ordinance the property is eligible for a waiver from Critical Area Review based on the following conditions. 1. No defined geologic hazards were identified on the subject property. Therefore, all proposed building sites and project related improvements are to be located outside of any designated geologic hazard area or its buffer. 2. Sufficient geologic information exists or has been obtained to indicate that the impacts of the proposed project will not cause adverse geological impact on or off the project site. Erosion hazard areas are defined as soils or soil complexes described and mapped by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) in the Soil Survey for Jefferson County as having a severe or very severe erosion hazard potential. Landslide hazard areas are defined as those areas that are subject to mass movement due to a combination of geologic. topo~phic and hydrologic factors. These potential hazard areas are characterized as areas of historic failures or potentially unstable slopes, areas that can become unstable as a result of rapid stream incision, stream bank erosion, or undercutting by wave action, and areas subject to severe risk of damage as a result of earthquake induced ground shaking, slope failure. settlement, soi11iquefaction, or surface faulting. DEA conducted a review of available geologic information, including mapping and reference sources in addition to making site visits to examine existing surface conditions. Our subsurface evaluation included the excavation of 13 test pits and 2 borrow areas to verify the texture of subsurface soil throughout the property. LOG ITEM # (po Psg'3_-L-ut1o.- ~f.MBF~ to SITIAIR 0", . -- Regional geology is dominated by glacial deposits related to the last glaciation of the Puget Sound region referred to the Frasier continental glaciation which occurred approximately 12,000 to 15,000 years ago. The landforms and soil described throughout the property are associated with and are typical of glacial materials deposited during the Vashon Stade of the Frasier Continental glaciation. Soil contacts examined and described appear to be gradational in character resulting from the natural weathering of the smface. Two borrow pits were examined and the soil described as a gray medium sand. This soil occurs in the southeast comer of the property in Section 1 of the 3 project areas. Soil examined and described are consistent with the C1allam and Tukey Series of soil as mapped and reported by the SCS. The C1allam gravelly sandy loam (Cme) are nearly level to rolling soils located on terraces with grades of 5% to 15%. The soil is well drained with a moderate permeability. Runoff is slow to medium and the water erosion hazard is reported to be slight to moderate. The Tukey gravelly loam (ToD) are a hilly soil occurring on glacial terraces along the margins of steep ravines or waterways. Slope grades are reported by the SCS to be between 15% and 30% although field examinations and measurements obtained by DEA found the grades to be slightly less. The runoff is reported to be medium and the erosion hazard is moderate. Other soil described and mapped by the SCS as located on the property include the Agnew silt loam, (AgB), Casey silt loam, (CeB),and the Muki1teo peat (Mu). In addition, Dick loamy sand, (DeC), was observed on the property. Descriptions for each of these soil groups is provided below. Agnew Silt Loam, (AgB) This soil is nearly level to gently slopping occurring in valley areas formerly occupied by shallow glacia11akes. This soil is somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is moderately slow. This soil is not on a project portion of the property. Belfast Silty Clay Loam, (BM) This soil is poorly drained with moderately slow permeability. Site observations indicate that these soils are not expected to extend into the project area. Casey Silt Loam, (CeB) This soil is nearly level to gently sloping occurring on terraces. The soil is somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is slow and the runoff is slow. Erosion hazard is considered to be slight. SCS mapping of Casey soils within the project boundary are not consistent with field observations. Mukilteo Peat, (Mu) This soil occurs in basins and depressions. The soil is very poorly drained with a moderate permeability in the upper portions and rapid in the lower. Runoff is very slow to ponded and the erosion hazard is reported to be slight to nonexistent. Dick Loamy Sand (DeC) This nearly level to rolling soil is on Morraine terraces and outwash plains. This soil is somewhat excessively drained and the permeability is rapid. The erosion hazard is considered to be slight. LOG ITEM # foo Page _..2::-ot~ 2 . -- The attached soil map shows the SCS soil mapping completed over the property. A small surface area of the Muki1teo peat (Mu) is located in the northeast portion of the property which lies to the south and outside of the proposed development area. The surface area of Mukilteo soils appears to be smaller in size than depicted in SCS mapping. Soils consistent with Dick loamy sand (Dce) was observed to the north of the Mukilteo soils and are expected to extend across the entire northeast project area. The dominant soil mapped and observed throughout the proposed development areas consists of the Tukey gravelly loam (TuD). A band ofC1allam (CmC) and Agnew (AgB) soils have been mapped through the central portion of the property extending from north to south. No development is proposed on these soils. The attached topographic site plan shows three sections of proposed residential development and the area set aside for installation of on-site sewage disposal systems. Section 3 is located in an area where the Tukey gravelly loam has been mapped by the SCS. DEA field evaluations found the soil in Section 1 to be a loose gray medium sand with surface grades ofless than 10%. In Section 2 the soil mapped by the SCS and confirmed by DEA consist of the Clallam gravelly sandy loam (Cme). All other soil described and mapped on the property occur within the existing golf course area. The soil described do not present a hazard to the proposed development as currently planned. Existing slopes and grades measured in the field and shown on the attached topographic maps indicates grades between 5% and 14%. Native slopes are generally between 5% and 15% throughout the proposed residenti~l development ar~~s. Seismic hazard areas are defined by the Jefferson County Ordinance as those areas that are subject to severe risk of damage as a result of earthquake induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil liquefaction, or surface faulting. Soil and slope conditions observed on the subject property are generally consistent with the SCS series of soil. Field investigations conducted by DEAindicate that the proposed areas for development do notcontain areas that could be classified as a seismic hazard areas. Native soils observed at shallow depths are dense to very dense, compact, slightly cemented and are therefore not considered to be prone to excessive movement or settlement as a result of seismic induced motion. Indications of perched groundwater conditions were observed in the soil pits. However, if measures are taken to control saturation, such as established drainage systems, the potential for settlement and/or liquefaction will be further minimized. Residential construction should be completed in accordance with current Uniform Building Codes related to potential seismic loading for the region. The property is located within the Puget Sound region which has been classified as a Zone 3 seismic area. ConchlsioBS Research and field evaluations conducted throughout the Chevy Chase project found that no geologic conditions exist that would cause a potential problem to devel~pment of the site or to adjacent properties. Evaluations considered soil textures, subsurface characteristics, regional and local geologic environments, slopes and the soil covering them and the proposed development in each of three project areas. The glacial geology has created gentle rolling topography that is covered with a mature growth of trees. A portion of the property has been developed into a golf course which covers the nearly level central portion of the project area. The soils mapped by the SCS and DEA are described as having a slight to moderate erosion hazard on slopes with grades between 5% and 14%. No ground water problems were identified although indicators were observed in the soil pits. The use of conventional storm drainage systems and footing drains will prevent the buildup of ground water around new structures. Construction of the residential development should be in accordance with Jefferson County and Uniform Building Code requirements for the type of structure proposed. LOG ITEM # (00 Pag'3 ~ '-z ot'lA 3 -- Limitations This geologic hazards assessment has been researched and prepared using generally accepted geologic and engineering techniques in use at the time of our evaluation. This summary is intended to satisfy relevant portions of Section 9 of the Jefferson County Ordinance and assumes no warranty expressed or implied for the geologic conditions described. The information presented is specific to the subject property and should not be applied to adjacent or neighboring property. We assume the development of the property will confirm our findings, however if conditions are found to differ from those described DEA should be contacted to re-examine the existing conditions with regard to the proposed development. DEA recommends that the owners utilize a geotechnical consultant to assist with issues related to soils, hydrology and slopes. DBA would like to thank you for the opportunity to assist with this project. If there are any questions regarding the information presented please contact us at 922-9780. Sincerely, ?I(~~ Matthew A. Miller, P.E. Geological Engineer RBH:rbh:jbh I EXPIRES: 2/8/ '8 Attachments c: Jerry Smith, Jefferson County 8 copies 97020.L TRI0:Letters&5N FORBOOOI LOG ITEM #~ Pag'3 _ <:> ot~ 4 165682 V". I , I ". .---.-..--- i ----1'.-.- -. --- \ F:.P~'":~~~. _"~,~~~~,~~ '_-~--;';:,.. .~. ~ ~ I '. 3~ ~f lITe. .....,.. . '\.r-~ .\ \~ ".... ~.. 1 '1 \t- \ ~ ---..,,"':'~ ~ / :~ : j-=-..' J~ ,. ------ '. '- .d :t~. ':~.'wtI"':I...'" ts ....... t ~ - ~ () ............... L IW _.-'.. i PtYiIleA..".... - ~----------------------~~-~ ~/?> . ~-,~ ..~ '7 ' ". "~:-::~~~~~~~::~"}- ~ ir~:~:J '''-''''' '\ :;;l~~~ -', \ - Ll&ht s.... P...k .. I 'ii;-~( ...-_ .l... ._r~' &. : _~ =~,~ .=:~;>t;~;--_;~~>.> ~,...,;.."~.<l';b :':.,;[,..f' ~=- '""<\ -1 !~~~,~ ~ ~ I f~ :~:~Q-~ t- \\ ;~ ~X.-- J~t:.;' -...}..: 'l"1'; 'i. f. (PI ,,~ 1\ ::~:~y-:~~: ":l:~ r,' :;:;, ?f..r d -; I . ~ \'i- ~ l ~, ~ .~j! . "\~t<~~A;.,\ ~~~l:'" i ~.. I I ,'1 ,~ 't' ~ ~,,~,[i ~ :';~hl( tt.l . y ~ -If!.. 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NORTH ~ <<1DO ,...... I' SCAI.E: r It: ~ (APPIfOX.) o ~ I LOG ITEM # ,~ )ag~ ._r-_~ot~ ~ ~ 10 EVA."6 .~DASsoOAns.II'K:. .IAN. 1!J!JT RJIIBO(J(n CHEVY CHASE ASSESSAeIT L HAZARDS ... GEOLOGICA . lDItN:SEllQ PORT SIrE PLAN _ ~2 ~! J.'.~ . f \, 0: f . .'? / Il IJt < ~ <: I( lie ~ 1i} . .- '.. JI r' 1688,07 .' I " . " .~ 'I" 1" . . ':';\~~' SOfiICE: SCS SOiI.S 1fCI"tM, "", _ . U~ COUtIIY SfJlLS flAP CHINY CHASE GEDlocacAL HAZARDS .ASSESSIIEIIT PORT~~ NORTH ~ LOG ITEM '# (A~ Pagt:) ..2-.ot2A DAVID EVANs ~. AND ASSOCIATES, ,... 8700 PACIFIC HJOHWAY EAST; SUITE 311 TACOMA. WA 98424 12061 922-9780 ,.... SCALE: r = 1tJIJT f. I i I (- . i \ HuC ... , I I I i 'j .c: ,~\ j; .. ......~ -.1,','", ; -- ~( ',' . , , ; " .~. 'J. .~." Dee I &rEi ,{:~... . .~ SOlIlCE: SCS SOI..S REPORT FOR JU I ufS()rI COUNTY SOLS MAP ~ PROPOSED 0EVEl.0IWENT CHEVY CHASE 6E'Ot.0GICAL HAZARDS ASSESSIENT PORT TOWNSEM), WASHNGTON NORTH ~ LOG ITEM # (00 Pagg._t._ot~ DAVID EVANS . AND ASSOCIATES, 3700 P....CIFIC HIGHWAY EAST; SUITE all T ACOM A. W A 98424 (2061 922-9780 ,....... SCALE: r = 'IfJ67 165682 JEFFERSON COUNTY AREA, WASHINGTON 7 TABLE I.-Approximate acreage and proportionate extent of the 80ils--Continued Soil Acres Percent Soil Acres Percent Olete-Clallam complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes__ 490 0.10 SolIeks- Hoko association, steep h _ _ __ h __ h _ _ 4,020 0.84 Olete-Hoodsport complex, 0 to 30 percent Swantown gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes - - _ _ h _ _ _ h _ n h _ _ _ _ h _ _ n _ _ _ n _ _ _ 3,600 ,75 slopes__________________________________ 2,420 .50 Olete-Rock outcrop complex, 50 to 90 percent Swantown gravelly loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes__ 1,400 .29 slopes_ _ _ _ _ n___ h _ _ _ _ n _ _ __ hh_ h__ ___ 730 .15 Swantown-Alderwood complex, 0 to 15 percent Phelan gravelly silt loam, 30 to 80 percent mopes__________________________________ 970 .20 slopes__________________________________ 9,320 1.94 Tealwhit silty clay loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes h 6,820 1.42 Queets silt loamh__ n_ _ _ hh _n _ h _ h_ _. __ 5,520 1.15 Tidal marsh____h_ hhhhh_ _ _ h _ __ _ _ _ h_ 580 .12 Quilcene silt loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes_ _ _ __ 1,550 .32 Tisch silt loam_ _ __h_ _ ____ ___ _ h__ ___ ___h 250 .05 Quilcene silt loam, 15 to 30 percent mopes_ _ h 1,100 .23 Townsend fine sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent Quilcene silt loam, 30 to 50 percent mopesu__ 600 ,13 mopes__________________________________ 620 .13 Riverwash_ __ __ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______ _ __ ____ 3,800 .79 Townsend gravelly loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes_ 390 .08 !tockland________________________________ 1,000 .21 Triton very gravelly loam, 0 to 30 percent !tough broken land_h___h___h__h__hh_ 290 .06 slopes__________________________________ 2,360 .49 San Juan gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent Triton very gravelly loam, 50 to 70 percent mopes__________________________________ 1,040 .22 mopes__________________________________ 3,930 .82 Sekiuclay________________________________ 1,530 .32 Tukey gravelly loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes_h 2,440 .51 Semiahmoo muckn_ ___ _ _ h_ _ ___ __ _____h h 1,440 .30 Tukey gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent mOpesh_ 400 .08 Semiahmoo muck, moderately shallow variant_ 420 .09 Wapato silty clay loamn_______________hh 750 .16 Semiahmoo muck, shallow variant____hn___ 450 .09 Whidbey gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent Sinclair gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent m~--------------------------------- 4,745 .99 mopes__________________________________ 12,520 2.61 Whi gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent Sinclair gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent mopes__________________________________ 460 .09 slopes__________________________________ 5,940 1.24 Snahopish silty clay loam, 0 to 30 percent Total land area________________________ 479,925 100.0 slopes__________________________________ 7,550 1.57 Water area_ __ U____h_____ Uh__hh_ 39,470 Snohomish silty clay loam___h__h___h____ 220 .05 Solleks channery silty clay loam, 30 to 50 Total____________________________ 519,395 percent slopes____h__h__ _ __hh__h____ 35,540 7 Al are on terraces, canyon slopes, and ocean bluffs. Slopes range from 0 to 50 percent. Native vegetation consists mainly of Douglas-fir, western redcedar, red alder, willow, and bigleaf maple. Annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 25 inches. The average annual air temperature is 5OoF. The above 320F growing season ranges from about 240 to 270 days, and the above 280F growing season ranges from about 300 to 330 days. These soils are associated mainly with Clallam, Dick, and Hoypus soils. In a representative profile in a wooded area, organic litter covers the surface. The upper 3 inches of the soil is dark- brown silt loam. Below this, to a depth of 9 inches, is grayish- brown, faintly mottled silt loam. Between depths of 9 and 29 inches is grayish-brown, faintly mottled silty clay loam. This is underlain by grayish-brown silty clay loam and . gravelly silty clay loam that extends to a depth of 60 inches. Most of the acreage of Agnew soils has been cleared. The soils are used mainly for permanent pasture, part-time di- versified farming, and rural development. The steeper Agnew soils are wooded. Agnew silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes (AgB).-This nearly level to gently sloping soil is either adjacent to ocean bluffs or in valley areas formerly occupied by shallow glacial lakes. Representative profile south of road in NE~NE~SE~ sec. 33, T. 29 N., R. 1 W.: 01-231 inches to %; inch, needles,leaves, twigs, bark, and mOIlS. 02-%; inch to 0, dark reddish-brown (5YR 2/2) decomposing organic litter; strongly acid; abrupt, smooth boundary. A2-o to 3 inches, dark-brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, very pale brown (lOYR 7/3) dry. moderate, medium and coarse, granu- lar structure and w~, medium, subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky, plastic; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; 6 to 8 percent fine, dark-brown shot; medium acid; clear, smooth boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick) LOG ITEM # f Pag9._ ~ot '2.A> BI-3 to 9 inches, grayish-brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; few medium I faint, olive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) mottles; weak, fine and mooium, prismatic structure; very hard, firm, sticky, plastic; common fine and medium roots; 2 to 4 percent fine dark-brown shot; slightly acid; clear, wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick) B21~9 to 18 inches, grayish-brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, hght gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common medium, faint, olive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) mottles; weak, coarse, prismatic structure and moderate, .fiile and medium, subanlti1lar blocky; very hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few medium and large roots; common thin, continuous clay films on peds and in pores; mightly acid; clear, wavy boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick) B22t~-18 to 29 inches, grayish-brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, hght gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; weak laminations showing in peds; olive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) colors on some peds and laminateil faces; very hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few m.edium and large roots; common thin continuous clay films in pores; slightly acid; clear, smooth boUndary. (10 to 14 inches thick) CI-29 to 52 inches, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; massive; moderate, fine and medium laminations; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) stains; extremely hard, very firm, sticky, plastic; no roots; mightly acid; gradual, wavy boundary. (20 to 26 inches thick) C2-52 to 60 inches, ~y_ish-brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly silty clay loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; massive; moderate, medium laminations; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky, very plastic; no roots; neutral. The A2 horizon. ranges from grayish-brolm to gray in colo~ and from silt loam to silty clay loam in texture. In oIaces the B2 bonzons have laminations of silt loa.m and silty clay. The C horizons are 10 to 50 percent rounded glacial pebbles and contain laminated strata of fine sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of moderately coarse textured, gravelly soils that formed in glacial till and outwash. . . . This soil is somewhat poorly drained. Permeability 18 moderately slow. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than [}\\ 10 E\:.\.~-\ND AssOaATES.I~ JEFFERSON ('OUXTY AREA, WASHINGTON angular blocky stmcture; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common roots; slightly acid; clear, wavy boundary. (2 to 8 inches I.hick) IICI-I5 to 20 inches, dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; massive; soft, fri- able, nonsticky, nonplastic; common roots; slightly acid; clear, smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick) IIIC2-20 to 28 inches, dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few roots; slightly acid; clear, smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick) IVC3-28 to 31 inches, dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; few roots; slightly acid; clear, wavy boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick) VC4-31 to 48 inches, dark grayish-brown (2.5Y4/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; few roots; slightly acid; clear, smooth boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick) VIC5--48 to 60 inches, dark grayish-brown (2,5Y 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; massive; hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few roots; slightly acid. The B horizons are silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam. The C horizons are highly stratified fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, sandy loam, and loamy sand. All of the horizons contain gravel or cobbles in places. This soil is well drained. Permeability is moderate. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than 60 inches. This soil holds about 9 to 11 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is very slow, and the hazard of water erosion is none to slight. This soil is subject to overflow in places. About 65 to 75 percent of the acreage of this soil is used for growing pasture, hay, and fruit and vegetable crops. Wooded areas are used as a source for woodland products, for wildlife habitat and recreation areas, and for rural home- sites. Capability unit IIw-3; woodland group 302. Belfast fine sandy IoaIIl (Bf)..-This soil has a surface layer of fine sandy loam 4 to 8 inches thick. The subsoil is sandy loam 4 to 12 inches thick. Gravel or cobbles are throughout the entire profile. The layers below a depth of 40 inches may be sand or loamy sand. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas that have sand, loamy sand, or loam layers. Also included are small areas that are very gravelly and small areas that are poorly drained. This soil holds 6 to 8 inches of water plants can use. It is used mainly for production of trees, for wildlife habitat and recreation areas, and. for summer homesites. Cultivated areas are used for growing pasture grasses, alfalfa, straw- berries, and cane fruits. Capability unit IIw-3; woodland group 4w2. Belfast silt loalIl, heary variant (Bh).-This nearly level soil is on flood plains. The upper 26 inches is dominantly dark-brown or dark yellowish-brown, slightly acid to neutral silt loam. Below this, to a depth of more than 60 inches, is mostly dark grayish-brown or dark-brown, neutral heavy silt loam and silty clay loam mottled with dark red and dark reddish brown. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas having poor drainage. This soil is moderately well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. This soil holds about 11 to 13 inches of water available for plants. A seasonal water table is at a depth of 2 to 4 feet. Most of the acreage of this soil is used for permanent pasture, hay, or silab-e and for many berry, fruit, and vege- table crops. Capability unit IIw-l; woodland group 302. Belfast silt 108111, wet variant (Bk).-This. nearly level soil is on flood plains. The upper 9 inches of the soil is domi- LOG ITEM # (r;>'" Pag9.19-_ot~ 11 nantly very dark brown or very dark grayish-brown, slightly acid or neutral silt loam. Below this, to a depth of 20 inches, is dark.,gray or dark grayish-brown, slightly acid or neutral silt loam, fine sandy loam, or loam mottled with strong brown and dark yellowish brown. Beneath this, and ex- tending to a depth of more than 40 inches, is dominantly dark-gray or olive-gray, neutral or slightly acid, stratified fine sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam. Gravel content ranges from 2 to 25 percent, increasing with depth. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas where the surface layer is fine sandy loam or loam. This soil is poorly drained. Permeability is moderately slow. The soil holds 10 to 12 inches of water available for plants. A seasonal water table is at a depth of 72 to 1 foot. Most of the acreage of this soil is in pasture, but small areas are used for growing diversified home garden crops. Capability unit IIw-l; woodland group 4w2. Belfast silty clay 10alIl, wet variant (Bm).-This nearly level soil is on flood plains. The upper 20 inches of the soil is silty clay loam and sandy clay loam. Below this, to a depth of 60 inches," is dominantly dark-gray or olive-gray, neutral or slightly acid, stratified fine sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam. This soil is poorly drained. Permeability is moderately slow. The soil holds 10 to 12 inches of water available for plants. A seasonal water table is at a depth of 72 to 1 foot. Most of the acreage of this soil is used for pasture. Capa- bility unit IIIw-l; woodland group 4w2. Calawah Series The Calawah series consists of moderately well drained soils on coastal plains or glacial marine terraces, mostly along the coastal strip. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Elevation is about 600 feet. These soils formed in glacial and marine sediments and higWy weathered soft shale and sandstone materia)s. Native vegetation consists mostly of western hemlock, western redcedar, Sitka spruce, Pacific silver fir, red alder, salmonberry, huckleberry, swordfern, and deerfern. Annual precipitation ranges from 130 to 150 inches. The average annual air temperature is about 490F. The above 32"F growing season ranges from 170 to 200 days, and the above 280F growing season ranges from 190 to 220 days. These soils are associated mainly with the Hoko, l{alaloch, Klone, Sekiu, Snahopish, and TeaIwhit soils. In a representative profile a 3- to 4-inch layer of organic litter covers the surface. The upper 8 inches of the soil is dark-brown heavy silt loam. Below this, to a depth of 24 inches, is dark-brown or strong-brown heavy silt loam or light silty clay loam. Beneath this, and extending to a depth of 32 inches, is brown light silty clay loam that has a few grayish-brown and dark-red mottles. The underlying material is olive and light yellowish-brown silty clay loam and light yeIlo\\-ish-brown light silty clay. It extends to a depth of 60 inches. Calawah soils are used for tree production and for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. Calawah silt 108111, 0 to 8 pe:reent slopes (CGB).- This nearly level to gently sloping or undulating soil is on terraces and coastal plains within several miles of the ocean. In most areas slopes range from 2 to 4 percent. Representative profile near Goodman Creek logging road in the NE~NE~NW~ sec. 12, T. Z1 N., R. 14 W., 100 feet east of road and about 2.3 miles southeast of Clallam ~ [)4.\ 1D EvA. "'IS .~DASsOc1ATES.11\C FFERSON COUI>TY AREA, WASHINGTON 13 and cobbles; medium acid; clear, wavy boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick) CI-18 to 30 inches, dark-gr~y (1OYR.4/1) gravelly medium sand, gray. (10YR 6/1) dry; smgle.gramed; loose, nonst.icky, non- plastIc; comrr."on fin~ and medIUm roots; 45 percent gravel and cobbles; medmm aCid; clear, wavy boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick) I1CZ-30 to 39 inches, dark-gray (lOYR 4/1) very gravelly coarse sand, gr~y (lOYR 6/1) dry; single grained; loose, nonsticky, nonplastlC; 55 percent gravel and cobbles' medium acid' abrupt, wavy boundary. (8 to 13 inches thick) , IIIC3-39 to 60 i~ches, dark .grayish-brown (lOYR 4/2) gravelly loamy sand, .lIght brow~lSh gray (10YR 6/2) dry; massive; soft, very f\'lable, nonstIcky, nonplastic' 30 percent gravel' slightly acid. ' , The B2ir horiz!>ns range from dark brown to dark yellowish brown. The C ho\'lzons are dark-gray or dark grayish-brown grav- elly to very gravelly, coarse and medium sand to a depth of 39 inches. Below this depth is dark grayish-brown gravelly loamy sand or gravelly fine sand. Reaction of this soil ranges from medium acid to slightly acid. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Kitsap soils. . T~ soil is somewhat excessively drained. Permeability IS rapId. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than 60 inches. This so~ holds 3 to 4 inches of water available for plants. Runo!f 18 ~~w, and the. hazard of water erosion is slight. This soil 18 used mamly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Small areas are used for grass pasture. Capability unit VIs-I; woodland group 3f2. Carlsborg gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slop~ {CaD).-Thlil hilly soil is along the glacial outwash morame terraces where they converge with the steep ravines and drainageways. Runoff is slow to medium, and the hazard of water erosion is slight to moderate. This. soil is used mainly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Capability unit VIs-I; woodland group 3f2. Casey Series The Casey series consists of somewhat poorly drained soils that ~e on terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. ElevatiOn ranges from slightly above sea level to about 500 feet. These soils formed in glacial lacustrine or marine sedi- ments. Native vegetation is Douglas-fir, western redcedar, western hemlock, maple, red alder, willow, red elderberry, salmonberry, ~d swordfern. Annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 40 mches. The average annual air temperature is 49 to 5OoF. The above .320F growing season ranges from 200 to 250 days, and the above 280F growing season ranges from 300 to 330 days. These ~ils are associated with Agnew, Alderwood, Everett, and Indlanola soils. In a representative profile the upper 3 inches of the soil is yery ~k bro:vn silt IOMIl:' Below this, to a depth of 10 mches, 18 graYJSh-brown, famtly mottled silt loam. Between d~p~hs of 10 and 17 inches is grayish-brown loam that has distinct, dark-bro~ mottl~. Beneath this, and extending to a <<!epth of 33 mches, 18 gray clay that has distinct, rellowish-bro~ mottles. Between depths of 33 and 40 inches 18 dark gr&YJSh-brown loamy fine sand. Beneath this is gray, mottled clay that extends to a depth of 60 inches. The soil is slightly acid above a depth of 17 inches and neutral below that depth. Caser soils are used mainly for pasture, wildlife habitat, recreatIOn areas, and rural homesites. About 50 percent of the acreage is under cultivation. LOG ITEM # G:,- Pag9._LL_ut VD Casey silt loam. 0 to 3 percent slopes (CeB).-This nearly level to gently sloping soil is on terraces. Most areas are n('J\r marine bluffs at elevations of less than 300 feet. Most slopes range from 2 to 5 percent. Representative profile in NE~SW~SW~ sec. 33, T. 3 N., R. 1 E., 50 yards south of farm road midway between Sound View cemetery and the Main Marrowstone Island Road: AI-o to 3 inches, very dark brown (10YR.2/2) silt loam, grayish brown (lOYR 5/2) dry; moderate, medmm and coarse granu- lar structure j slightly hard, friable, nonsticky slightly' plastic' many fine roots; slightly acid; gradual, wavy'boundary. (2 ~ 4 inches thick) A21-3 to 10 inches, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; common, medium, faint dark yellowish- brown (lOYR 4/4) mottles; moderate, medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm] slightly acid' clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thiCK) " A22--10 to 17 inches, grayish-broym (2..5~ 5/2) loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common, medium, dlStmct dark-brown (10YR 4/3) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots; about 5 per- cent soft, iron-cemented nodules; thin, patchy clay films in some pores; slightly acid; abrupt, smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick) IIB2tg-17 to 33 inches] gray (5Y 5/1) clay/light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common, medIUm, distinct yellOWISh-brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; strong, medium, prismatic structure; very hard, very finn, very sticky, very mastic; few fine roots; thin, continuous clay films in pores ana on faces of peds; moderate organic staining on faces of ve<hl; neutral; abrupt, smooth boundary. (14 to 24 inches thick) IIICl-33 to 40 inches, dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common, fine, prominent yellowish-red (5YR 4/6) mottles; massive; soft, friable, nonsticky, nonpIastic; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt, smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick) IVCZg-40 to 60 inches, gray (5Y 5/1) clay, light gray (5Y 7/2) dry; few, fine, distinct dark-brown (10YR 3/3) mottles; mas- sive; very hard, very firm, very sticky, very plastic; neutral. The IIB2tg horizon is silty, clay, or silty clay loam, but in places subhorizons of sandy loam or loamy fine sand are present. In places coarse-textured glacial drift is below a depth of 40 inches. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of moderately well drained and somewhat excessively drained soils. This soil is somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is slow. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than 60 inches. This soil holds 8 to 10 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is slow, and the hazard of water erosion is slight. A seasonal water table is at a depth of 1 to 2 feet. About 60 to 70 percent of the acreage of this soil has been cleared and is used mostly for pasture. Berries and vegetable crops are of minor importance. Capability unit IIIw-l; woodland group 4w2. Casey fine sandy loam. 0 to 8 percent slopes (CdB).- The upper part of this soil is fine sandy loam. Included with this soil in mapping, and making up as much as 20 percent of the mapped areas, are soils that have layers of stratified sandy loam and loamy sand and that are gravelly in various parts of the profile. Most areas of this soil are used for pasture, hay, and silage crops. About 25 percent of the areas are in native trees. Capability unit IIIw-l; woodland group 4w2. Cassolary Series The C~lary series consists of wcll-drained soils on upland terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 50 percent. Elevation rangC'S from 50 to 500 feet. These soils formed in reworked glacial and marine sediments. Native vegetation is mainly Douglas- Do.\lD E\~"IS ~D~Il'<<: 14 SOIL SURVEY fir, w('-stern redcedar, western hemlock, red alder, bigleaf maple, rhododendron, salal, huckleberry, and swordfern. Annual precipitation ranges from 17 to 25 inches. The average annual air temperature is 5OoF, The above 320F growing season ranges from about 160 to 260 days and the above 280F growing season ranges from about 2io to 320 days. Cassolary soils ~rc associated mainly with Agnew, Alderwood, Clallam, DIck, Everett, Indianola Kitsap and . Tukey soils. ' , In a r~pr~entative profile in a wooded area, a thin layer of org~m.c litter eovers the surface. The upper 23 inches of the soli IS sandy loam. To a depth of 3 inches it is dark gray, bet. ween depths of 3 and 15 inches it is dark brown, and between depths of 15 and 23 inches it is dark grayish brown. Below this is grayish-brown silt loam that extends to a depth of 27 inches. Beneath this, and extending to a depth of 38 inches, is grayish-bro"'"I1 silty clay loam. The next layer is light olive-brown fine sandy loam that extends to a depth of 49 inches. It is underlain to a depth of 60 inches by very dark grayish-brown medium sand. .Most of the acreage of Cassolary soils is wooded. The solis are used mainly for production of trees and for small ranches and rural homesites. Cassolar;r sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes (CfC).-ThlS nearly level to rolling soil is on upland terraces. In most places slopes range from 5 to 10 percent. Representative profile 350 feet east of west quarter corner of the NWUSWUSWU sec. 33, T. 30 N., R. 1 W.: 01-3 inches to 1 inch, needles, leaves, bark, and fragments of wood. 02-1 inch to 0, dark reddish-brown (5YR 2/2) partJy deeayed needles, leaves, bark, and fragments of wood, strongly acid' abrupt, .wavy boundary. (31 to 131 inches thi~k) , A2--G to 3 mches1 dark~y (lOYR 4/1)- s~dy loam, light gray (lOY.R 7/1) ary; m8SSl~e; soft, very fnable, nonsticky, non- plastic; many fine, medIUm, and coarse roots. strongly acid' clear, wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick) , , B21ir-3 to 15 inches, dark-brown (lOYR 4/3) sandy loam, pale brown (lOYR 6/3) dry; few, faint dark-brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottJes; weak, fine and medium, subangular blocky structure. soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many fine medium: and coarse roots; 10 percent very hard, dark red;t;h-brown (5YR 3/4) iron concretions; medium acid' gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick) , , B22-15 to 23 inches, dark grayish-brown (lOYR 4/2) sandy loam li~h~ brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; few, medium and coarse' dIStinct dark-brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak, medium and ~arse, suban~ar blocky structure; soft, very friable, non- sticky, nonplastlc; common fine medium and coarse roots. 8 Pf:rcent ve~ hard, ~ark reddish-brown (l,YR 3/4) iron con~ . !lretIons;. medium &C1d; abrupt, smooth boundary. (6 to 10 Inches tmck) I1Cl-23 to 27 inches, grayish-brown (lOYR 5/2) silt Warn, light gray (lOYR 7/2) dry; few, medium, faint dark yellowish- brow!! (lOYR4/4) mottles; massive; hard, firm, slightlystieky, plastic; few fine and medium roots. medium acid, clear smooth boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick) . ' " I1C2-;-27 to 38 inches, grayish-brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, light ~ay (2,5Y 7/2) dry; common, medium, distinct dark yt;llowlSh-bl"?wn (lOYR 4/4) mottJes; massive; bani. firm, sticky! plastic; few fine and medium roots; slightly aejd. clear, smootn boundary. (10 to 16 inches thick) , IIIC3-38 to 49 incrn:s! light olive-brown (2,5Y 5/4) fine sandy loam, ligh~ yello~ brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; few, medium and coarse, faint yellowish-brown (lOYR 5/4) mottles. massive' soft, very friable, nonstieky/ nonplastic; slightly acid; clear: wavy boundary. (8 to 12 incnes thick) IVC4-4? to 60 inches, vel')' dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 3/2) and graYlsh-browr (2.5Y 5/2) medium sand; dark grayish brown (2:5Y 4/2) a~d light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; few, coarse, famt yellOWISh-brown (lOYR 5/4) mottles. single grained' loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; few pebbles; ne:.tral. ' The depth to sand or loamy sand exceeds 40 inches. The A2 horizons range from fine sandy loam to sandy loam. The B21ir horizon is dark brown or brown fine sandy loam or sandy loam. The B22 horizon is dark grayish brown or brown fine sandy IOllm or sandy loam, The C horizons a.re interstratified silty cla.y loam, silt loam, fine sllndy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, and sand. Included with this roil in mapping are small areas of Kitsap soils. This soil is well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than 60 inches. This soil holds about 7 to 9 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is slow to medium, and the hazard of water erosion is slight to moderate. This soil is used mainly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. A small acreage is used for permanent pasture, hay, and home garden crops. Capability unit IIIe-Ij woodland group 3d2. Cassolary sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes (CfD).- This hilly soil is on terraces along the breaks of ravines or marine bluffs. Runoff is medium, and the hazard of water erosion is moderate. This soil is used mainly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Small acreages are used for rural homesites and for growing pasture, hay, and diversified garden crops. Capability unit IV~; woodland grolip 3d2. . . Cassola:r;r sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes (CfE).-ThlS steep soil is on canyon slopes and ocean bluffs. The ~ark-gray surface layer is absent in many places, and the silty clay loam layer in the underlying material is nearer the surface on the upper part of canyon slopes and ocean bluffs than it is on the lower ones. Runoff is rapid, and the hazard of water erosion is severe. This soil is mainly used for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Capability unit VIe-I; woodland group 3d2. Cassolary-Everett complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes (ChC).-This mapping unit is about 60 percent Cassolary sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes, and 40 percent Everett gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes. The CassoIary soil is mostly gently sloping, and the Everett soil is rolling. Included with these soils in mapping are small areas where slopes are as steep as 30 percent. This complex is used mainly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Small acreages are used for rural homesites and for growing pasture, hay, and diversified home garden crops. Capability unit IVe-I; wood- land group 3f2. . Cassolary-Everett complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes (ChD).-This mapping unit is about 60 percent CassoIary sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, and 40 percent Everett ~v~lly sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes. The CassoIary soil 18 moderately steep. The Everett soil is hilly and is mostly on glacial outwash terraces. Included with these soils in mapping are small areas where slopes are less than 15 percent. This complex is used mainly for production of trees and for r~r~tion areas, rural homesites, and wildlife habitat. CapabilIty unit VIe-I; woodland group 3f2; Cassolary-Kitsap complex, 0 to 15 pereent slopes (CkC).-This mapping unit is about 60 percent CassoIary ~ndy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes, and 40 percent Kitsap sIlt ~oam, 0 to 15 percent slopes. The CassoIary soil is gently slopmg to gently rolling, and the Kitsap soil is mostly in rolling terrain. LOG ITEM # (0- Pag9._I.~_Ot~ I:W.1O E\:\. '16 AND AS.<iOCIAlIS.If\C. 1656112 r---- 16 SOIL SURVEY production of trees and for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. Small a!eas! less than 10 percent of the total acreage, are under cultIvation and are used for pasture and diversified home garden crops. Capability unit IVe-3; woodland group 4<12. Cathcart gravelly sUt loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes (CIE).-This steep soil is on glaciated uplands. Along the ~pper part of the slopes bedrock is at a depth of 24 to 30 mches, and along the lower part of the slopes it is at a depth of 30 to 40 inches. Runoff is rapid, and the hazard of water erosion is severe. This soil is used mainly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Capability unit VIe-I' woodland group 4<12. ' Clallam Series The Cla.llam series consists of well-drained soils that have a very slowly permeable cemented layer at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. They are on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. Elevation ranges from 80 to 1,000 feet. These soils formed in glacial till under a forest of mixed coniferous and deciduous trees. Native vegetation is mainly Douglas-fir, cedar, madrone, and willow. Annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 25 inches. The average annual air temperature is 490F. The above 320F growing season ranges from 240 to 270 days, and the above 280F growing season ranges from 300 to 330 days. These soils are associated mainly with Alderwood, Dick, Everett, Hoypus, Indianola, San Juan, Townsend, and Whidbey soils. In a representative profile a thin layer of organic litter covers the surface. The upper 23 inches of the soil is gravelly sandy loam that is grayish brown in the upper 3 inches and dark grayish brown in the lower 20 inches. This is underlain by a cemented layer. More than 60 percent of the acreage of Clallam soils has been cleared and ~ .~ for pasture, hay, silage, berries, orchards, small grams, and vegetable gardens. Wooded areas are used as a source of woodland products and for wildlife habitat and recreation.areas. Clallam. gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes (CmC).-This nearly level to rolling soil is on terraces. Most slopes range from 5 to 10 percent. Representative profile 1,650 feet west and 660 feet north of southeast comer sec. 17, T. 30 N., R. 1 W.: 01-2 inches to ~ inch, leaves, needles, and twigs. 02-~ inch to 0, very dark gre.yish-brown (lOYR 3/2), decom- posed organic matter; strongly acid. A2--O to 3 inches, grayish-brown (lOYR 5/2) pavel1y sandy loam, light pay (2.5Y'1/2? and white (2.5Y ~/2) dry; ~ fine, gran~ structure; slightly hard, very friable, norl5tieky, non- plastic; many roots; aboUt 20 ~t gravel; medium acid; abrupt, ~::les, boundary. (2 to 4 mches thick) B21-3 to 14. dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) gravelly sandy loam, ligM b~ ~y (2.5Y 6/2) dry; weak. fine and me- dium. ~ blocky structure; slightly hud, very friable, nonstieky, OODpIastic; many roots; f_ fine shot; about 35 percent~; medium acid; clear, wavy boundary. (8 to 19 mehes tbiek) B22-14 to 23 inc:hes. dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) gravelly s~y loam. Jicht brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dzyi weak, me- dium and -. subangular blocky mueture; slightly hard, very friable. DOIl8ticlty, nonplastie. eommoa roots; about 40 percent pavel (iDeludfug a few cobbles); medium acid; gradual, wavy~. (J to 18 inches thick) Clsim-23 to 36 inches, olive-gray (5Y 4/2), weakly cemented gravelly sandy loam, liKht gray (5Y 7/2) dry; eommon, medium and COlllSe, dark ye1fowish-brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; few fine roots penetrate upper few inches. medium acid. diffuse, smooth boundary (12 to 16 inches thick) , C2--36 inches, very compact gravelly sandy loam glacial till (Many feet thick) . The A2 horizon ranges from gray to grayish brown. The 82 horizons range from grayish brown to dark grayish brown. The Claim horizon is an olive-gray cemented layer that is 35 to 45 percent gravel and cobbles. Depth to the cemented layer ranges f~m 20 to ~ inch':8' The A2 ana ~ ho~ range from strongly acid to medium acid, and the Clsim honzon ranges from medium acid to slightly acid. This soil is well drained. Permeability is moderate above the cemented layer. Roots penetrate to a depth of 20 to 40 inches. This soil holds about 2 to 4 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is slow to medium, and the hazard of water erosion is slight to moderate. The soil is saturated part of the time during the rainy season, and at times water moves laterally, in places, above the cemented layer. M~ of the acreage of this soil is used for growing pasture of mIXed grass and alfalfa or grass and clover. Home garden crops, berries, and vegetables are also grown. Capability unit IVe-l; woodland group 4<12. - . C1~l1am gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes (CmD).-This hilly soil is on glacial terraces on the breaks of canyons and steep drainage ways. . Runoff is medium, and the hazard of water erosi,oil is moderate. This soil is used mainly for production of trees and . for wildlife habitat and recreation areas~ Capability unit VIe-I; woodland group 4<12. Coastal Beaches Coastal beaches (Co & CW) consist of sandy and gravelly sloping beaches in long, narrow strips. They are at the base of coastal bluffs or lowlan9s bordering the Pa.cilic Ocean in western Jefferson County and along the Straits of Juan de Fuca, Admiralty Inlet, and Hood Canal in eastern Jefferson County. Coastal beaches have no vegetation and are subject to continual wave action during high tides and storms. This land type is used for clam and oyster production and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Capability unit VIIIw-l; not assigned to a woodland group. Cut and Fill Land Cut and fill land (Co) consists of landfills in low, depres- sional, wet or swampy areas. It is made up of a mixture of many types of soil material. One of the largest areas of Cut and fill land is at the southwest end of Old Fort Flagler, between the marine bluffs and the beach, where a swampy area was filled for a gunnery raIlge. Capability unit VIIIw-l; not assigned to a woodland group. Dabob Series The Dabob series consists of moderateiy well drained, very gravelly soils that have a very slowly permeable ce- mented layer at a depth of 20 to 36 inches. These soils are on glacial terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. Ele- vation ranges from 100 to 800 feet. The Dabob soils formed under a coniferous-deciduous forest- in very gravelly glacial till. Native vegetation is mainly Douglas-fir, western hem- lock, willow, madrone, rhododendron, salal, and evergreen huckleberry. Annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 45 inches. The average annual air temperature is 490F. The LOG ITEM # me Pag~._&_of~ exgcQ) [)4.\ 10 E\:-.. 'i~\N[) ASSOCMTf5.11\C moderately rapid above the cemented layer. Roots penetrate to a depth of 20 to 36 inches, This soil holds 1 to 3 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is slow to medium, and the hazard of water erosion is slight to moderate. A perched water table is on top of the cemented layer during the rainy season. This soil is used almost entirely for production of trees and for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. It has limited use for rural homesites. Capability unit VIe-I; woodland group 5f2. Dabob very gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes (DaD).-This hilly soil is on glacial terraces adjacent to steep drainageways and canyons. Along the top half of the slopes the soil is mostly 20 to 24 inches deep over the cemented layer, and along the lower slopes it is 24 to 36 inches deep over this layer. Runoff is medium to rapid, and the hazard of water erosion is moderate to severe. This soil is used mainly for production of trees and for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. It has limited use for rural homesites. Capability unit VIe-I; woodland group 5f2. Dick Series The Dick series consists of somewhat excessively drained, sandy soils. They formed in glacial outwash on plains and terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. Elevation ranges from slightly above sea level to about 300 feet. Native vege- tation consists mainly of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, rhododendron, salal, Oregon grape, huckleberry, and bracken. Annual precipitation ranges from 17 to 25 inches. The average annual air temperature is SOOF. The above 320F growing season ranges from about 240 to 270 days, and the above 280F growing season ranges from about 300 to 330 days. These soils are associated mainly with Agnew, Cassolary, Clallam, Everett, and Indianola soils. In a representative profile in a wooded area, a 2- to 3-inch layer of organic litter covers the surface. The upper 4 inches of the soil is grayish-brown loamy sand. Below this, to a depth of 10 inches, is light brownish-gray loamy sand. Be- neath this, and extending to a depth of 60 inches, is light olive-brown and olive-brown loamy sand. Below a depth of 37 inches this . layer contains discontinuous, firm, dark yellowish-brown bands. Most of the acreage of Dick soils is wooded. These soils are used mainly for production of trees and for permanent and summer rural homesites. Less than 20 percent of the acreage has been cleared and is used for crops. Dick loamy sand, 0 to 15 percent slopes (DcC).- This nearly level to rolling soil is on moraine terraces and outwash plains. In most places slopes range from 4 to 10 percent. Representative profile 0.2 mile west of Four Corners, 528 feet west and 100 feet south of the east quarter corner 800. 32, T. 30 N., R. 1 W.: 01-2}~ inches to ~ inch, needles, leaves, bark, fragments of wood, and moss. 02-~ inch to 0, partly decomposed needles, leaves, bark, frag- ments of wood, and moss. A2--o to 4 inches, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; weak, very fine. granular stnIct.ure; S;Oft., very friable, nonst.icky, nonplastic; common fine .and med!llffi ~ts; neut.ral; abrupt, smooth boundary. (3 to 5 mches thIck) B2-4 to 10 inches, light brownish-gray (2.5Y 6/2) loamy ~ light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common,. fine, promment brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak, very fine, sub,\ngular LOG ITEM # ~ Pag~._.fj_ot ~ blocky stmcture; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; . common fine and medium roots; neutral; clear, wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick) C1-10 to 24 inches, light olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) loamy sand,light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; few, fine, prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; single grained; loose, nonsticky, non- plastic; few fine and medium roots; neutral; gradual, wavy boundary. (12 to 16 inches thick) C2-24 to 37 inches, olive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) loa.my sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; single grained; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; neutral; clear, wavy boundary. (12 to 16 inches thick) C3-37 to 60 inches, light olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) loamy sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; single grained; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; commOn coarse, dis- tinct, dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4), discontinuous iron bands; neutral. Reaction of th!l A and B horizons ranges from neutral to medium acid. The A2 horizon is grayish-brown or light brownish--gray loa.my sand or sandy loam. The B and C horizons are loa.my sand or fine sand. Very thin, finer textured iron bands are between depths of 40 and 60 inches. This soil is somewhat excessively drained. Permeability is rapid. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than 60 inches. This soil holds about 4 to 6 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is slow, and the hazard of water erosion is slight. This soil is used mainly for production of trees and for recreation areas and wildlife habitat. Small acreages under cultivation are used for growing permanent pasture, hay, berries, and vegetables. Capability unit VIs-I; woodland group 4s2. Dimal Series The Dimal series consists of somewhat excessively drained, very flaggy'soils underlain by bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches. These soils formed in some of the harder meta- morphosed sandstones and shale bedrock materials of the western Olympic Mountain foothill areas. Dimal soils are on rough, broken mountain slopes and narrow, exposed ridge crests. Slopes range from 50 to 90 percent. Elevation ranges from about 1,000 to 3,400 feet. Native forest trees consist mostly of western hemlock, western redcedar, and Sitka spruce below elevations of 1,500 feet and Pacific silver fir, western hemlock, mountain hemlock, and alpine fir at the higher elevations. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 180 inches. The average annual air temperature is about 460F. The above 32"F growing season ranges from 170 to 200 days, and the above 280F growing season ranges from 180 to 220 days. These soils are associated with Itswoot, Snahopish, and SoDeks soils. . In a representative profile in a wooded area, about 3 inches of litter and decomposing materials cover the surface. The upper 3 inches of the soil is dark-brown, very flaggy silty clay loam. Below this, to a depth of 16 inches, the soil is dark-brown, very flaggy silty clay loam that is about 75 percent coarse sandstone fragments. Bedrock is below a depth of 16 inches. The Dimal soils are among the principal ones of the higher, steeper, mountainous areas in the western part of the county. They are used for production of trees, wildlife habitat, and recreation areas. Dimal yerr Saggy silty clay loam, 50 to 90 percent slopes (OMF).-This steep to very steep soil.is on rough, broken mountainous slopes and narrow ridge crests. In most places 'slopes range from 70 to 80 percent, but on ridge crests thcy are mostly 50 to 60 percent. [W.1O E\lt.,'I,IS ANDAS!OCWES.I/IC. 165682 - JEFFERSON COUNTY AREA, W ASmNGTON :on ranges from 215 to 320 days. McMurray soils are ,ciated mainly with Mukiltco soils. I a representative profile the upper 6 inches of the soil is .k mucky p<'At. Below this, to a depth of 34 inches, is .k mucky peat that is 10 to 20 percent partly dccom- 'd fragments of wood mixed with fibrous plant remains. h layers are slightly hard and brittle when dry. The next 'r, to a depth of 72 inches, is dark reddish-brown mucky t that is 10 to 25 percent partly decomposed woody ;ments mixed with fibrous plant remains. The mineral has varied textures. All organic layers are neutral in .tion. [cMurray soils are mapped only in an undifferentiated lP with Mukilteo soils. IcMurray and Mukilteo peats (Mm).-This mapping ., consists of approximately 50 percent McMurray peat 50 percent Mukilteo Pf'At. These soils are in nearly level, !low basins or depressions. ~cpresentative profile of McMurray peat in an area of Murray and Mukilteo peats, one mile north of Center, :; the Port Ludlow Road intersection on the west side he road, SW~SW~NE~ see. 3, T. 28 N., R. 1 W.: Oel-o t~ 6 inches, black (10YR 2/1) muclg' J>e:.&t Chemic material), black (5YR 2/1) ~ and rubbed; shghtly bani and brittle dryi many fine, medIUm, and coarse roots; neutral (pH 6.9); graaual, wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick) 082-6 to 34 inches, black (10YR 2/1) mucky peat (hemic ma- terial) that is 10 to 20 percent woody fr~ts, dark reddish- brown (5YR 3/2) dry and rubbed; slightly hard and brittle dry; common fine and medium roots; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual, wavy boundary. (24 to 36 inches thick) 083-34 to 72 inches, dark reddish-brown (5YR 2/2) mucky peat (hemic material) that is 10 to 25 percent woody fragments, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) dry and rubbed; hard and very brittle dry; few fine roots to a depth of 54 inches; neutral (pH 6.7). The depth to underlying mineral soil ranges from 52 inches to 10 feet or more. The mmeral soil ranges from gravelly loamy sand to clay loam or clay. mack to reddish-brown organic layers, each 6 to 40 inches thick, range from 3 to 5 in number. They are 10 to 25 percent decomposing wood fragments. In places thin layers of light- gray or light brownish-gray diatomaceous earth, 1 to 5 inches thick, are between the organic layers. 'hese soils are very poorly drained. Permeability is lerate. Roots can penetrate to a depth of more than 60 les. These soils hold more than 10 inches of water avail- ~ for plants. Runoff is very slow to ponded, and the hazard ,'ater erosion is slight or nonexistent. A moderate hazard loughing or slumping e.xist.s along banks of open drainage hes. A seasonal water table is at a depth of 0 to 12 inches. lability unit I1w-2; not assigned to a woodland group. tkilteo Series 'he Mukilteo series consists of very poorly drained orgaqic i that formed in partly decomposed plant remains, mainly Is, sedges, and water-tolerant shrubs and grasses over- 'g mineral soil at a depth of 20 to 60 inches or more. 'Be soils are in level to nearly level glacial basins or in ded areas resulting from displaced stream and river unels. Elevation ~ from slightly above sea level to ut 1,000 feet. Annual. precipitation is 20 to 100 inches or ;'e. The average annual temperature ranges from 48"F to F. The above 3~F growing season ranges from 180 to days, and the above 280F growing Sl'aSOn ranges from to 300 days. Mukilteo soils are associated mainly with Murray soils. LOG ITEM # c,~ Pag'3 ...LS=__ otZ::Q.. 33 In a representative profile 4 organic layers are present. The two upper layers, from the surface ~o a depth ?f 11 inches and below that to a depth of 24 Inches, consist of dark reddish-brown peat and mucky peat. The third layer, to a depth of 50 inches, is dark reddish-brown mucky peat. The fourth layer, to a. depth of 64 inches, is very dusky red mucky peat. All layers ~rc 5 to 10 ~rcent d~com~sing woody material. All orgamc layers are slIghtly aCid. Mmeral soil material underlies the bottom layer. Mukilteo soils, except for Mukilteo peat, moderately shallow variant, are mapped only in an undifferentiated group with McMurray soils. Representative profile of Mukilteo peat in a virgin peat bog 0.4 mile northeast of Chevy Chase Inn, 100 yards west and 10 yards south in NW~SE~SW~ comer sec. 29, T. 30 N., R.l W.: Oe1-tl to 11 inches, dark reddish-brown (5YR 3/3) peat (fibrous material), black (5YR 2/1) dry and rubbed; spongy moist; slightly liard and brittle dry; many fine, medium, arid coarse roots; sI~tly acid (pH 6.1); eIear, wavy boundary. (9 to 13 inches thick) 0e2-11 to 24 inches, dark reddish-brown (5YR 3/2) mucky peat (hemic material), black (5YR 2/1) dry and rubbed; slightly spongy moist; slightly hard and brittle dry; common fine and medium roots; sIiiilitly acid (pH 6.2); gradUal, wavy boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick) 0e3-24 to 50 inches, dark reddish-brown (2.5YR 2/4) mucky peat (hemic material); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) dry and rubbedislightly spongy moist;slightl~ hard and britt1e dry; few fine ana mediUm roots; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual, wavy boundary. (21 to 31 inches thick) 0e4-50 to M inches, dark .reddish-brown (5YR 2/2) mucky peat (hemic material), very dark gray (5YR 3/1) dry and rubbed; soft and slippery wet; slightly hard and brittle dry; slightly acid (pH 6.4). The der>tb to mineral soil material ranges from 55 to 120 inches or more. The mineral soil material ranges from gravelly loamy sand and sandy loam to silty clay loam and clay. Three to five organic layers are present. Each ranges from 10 to 20 inches in thickness and from dWk reddish brown to dusky red in color. In places layers 3 to 5 inches thick of ligh~ay or light brownish-gray dmtomaceous earth and layers 6 to 14 Inches thick of brown or grayish-brown diatomaceous earth are in between the o~ic layers. The upper two layers are strongly acid to slightly acid, 1lIld the lower layers are medium acid to slightly acid. These soils are very poorly drained. Permeability is moderate. Roots penetrate to a depth of more than 60 inches. These soils hold more than 10 inches of water available for plants. Runoff is very slow to ponded, and the hazard of water erosion is slight or nonexistent. A seasonal high wa.ter table is at a depth of 0 to 12 inches. Unless adequately drained, these soils are unsuitable for cultivation. They are used mainly for growing pasture, hay, and silage. They are a.lso used extensively for growing truck and field crops. About 75 percent of the acreage of .th~ soils is cleared. Undrained areas are used mainly for wIldlIfe habitat and reereation areas. .. Mukilteo peat, lDoderately shallow variant (Mu).- This soil is in basins or depressions. The upper 10 .to.. 2() inches is very dusky red, fibrous sedr,e peat. Below this 18 a layer of dark reddish-brown, fibrous sedge p<'8.t, 12 to 30 inches thick. Beneath this layer are layers of mineral soil, mostly loam and sandy loam. The mineral soil matt-rial is at a depth of 24 to 36 inche..s in drained Im'aS and at ll. de'pth of 30 to 48 inel1es in undrained areas. This soil is vny poorly drainro. Pl'rmrobility is mod<,rnte in the upper part and rapid in the 100wr part. Roots pt'llt'- trate to a depth of more than 60 inchl'S. This soil hold.s more' than 10 inches of watl'r available for plants; Runoff IS vpry 2)@(OJ [YI\.lO E\:o.. "lS-\NO t\SS()(L.\m l~ 40 SOIL SURVEY escarpments. Along the upper part of the slopes the soil is shallower to the cemented layer than it is along the lower part of the slopes. Runoff is rapid to very rapid, and the hazard of water erosion is severe. to very severe. Most of the acreage of this soil is used for production of trees and for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. Capability unit VIle-I; woodland group 4<12. Tukey Series The Tukey series consists of moderately well drained, gravelly soils that have a very slowly permeable cemented layer at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils formed on terraces in glacial till. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. Elevation ranges from slightly above sea. level to about 500 feet. Native vegetation consists mostly of Douglas-fir, western redceda.r, western hemlock, red alder, willow, wild cherry, rhododendron, salal, and bracken. Annual precipita- tion ranges from 17 to 25 inches. The average annual air temperature is 500 F. The above 32" F growing season is about 260 days, and the above 280 F growing season is about 320 days. These soils are associated mainly with Agnew, Cassolary, Clallam, Dick, Everett, and Whidbey soils. In a representative profile in a wooded area, a thin layer of organic litter covers the surface. The upper 8 inches of the soil is gravelly loam that is grayish brown in the upper part and dark brown in the lower part. Below this, to a depth of 15 inches, is brown gravelly loam. Beneath this, and ex- tending to a depth of 30 inches, is grayish-brown gravelly clay loam. The next layer, to a depth of 36 inches, is dark yello\\oish-brown, hard, firm gravelly loam. Below a depth of 36 inches is an olive-brown cemented layer that formed in very compact glacial till. Cobblestones and stones are on the surface and throughout the soil. About half the acreage of Tukey soils is in small ranches or is used for rural homesites and for growing pasture, hay, berries, and vegetables. Besides tree production, wooded areas of Tukey soils are also used for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. Tukey gravelly loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes (TuC).- This nearly level to rolling soil is on glacial moraine terra.ces. Most slopes are 5 to 10 percent. . Representative profile 60 yards south of U.S. Highway 101, opposite pole number 1818 in NW~SW~ sec. 34, T. 30 N., R. 2 W.: 01-ltf inches to 1 inch, needles, I.ve8, bark, fragments of wood, an moss. ~~ . 02-1 inOO to 0, black (5YR 2/1), partly deeoml"""""" OrganlCand matter from needles, lea.ves, bad:, fnlgments of wood, 1IlOllS; .medium acid; abrupt, IlIIIOOth lloundary. (1 to 1M inches thick) A2~ to 2 inches, grayish-brown (IOYR 5/'J) gravelly loam, gray (IOYR 6/1) dry; weak: very fiDe,. paular structure; soft, friable, -t.icky, DO;;.\astiC; _y fine and medium rootAl; 25 percent pa~ m~ium acid; abrupt, lIIIlOOth boundazy. (2 to 3 iaches . ) B21-2 to 8 iDches, duk-brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loam, light brownish pal (I~YR 6/2) ~i~ fine, ~ ~ structure; 80ft, friable, DODSwcq, 8lichtly plastici many and medium roots; 25 percent pavel; medium acl1d; gnr.dual, wavy bouadNy. (4 to 7 inches tIaick) B22-8 to 15 ~ brown (10YR 5/3) paftlly loam, light gray (IOYR 7~) dry; moderate, fine, 80......1"1' blocky structure; slight.ly ~.. friable, slightly stieky. IIlightly. plllSti~; _y fine and medium roots; 40 pereent pavel; memum 8C1Q; clear, wavy boundary. (5 to 7 inches tIaick) LOG ITEM # Go Pag~.-c~_ot~ B3-15 to 30 inches,grayish-brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly clay lollln, light ,ray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common, medium, pro~t yellOWISh-red (5YR 4/6) mottles; weak:, medium. P1ismatic structure; hard, firm, sticky, plastic; common fine roots; 40 percent pavel; medium acid; gradual, wavy boundlll'y. (7 to 15 inches thick) CI-30 to 36 inches, darkye1lowish-brown (IOYR 4/4) cravelly loam, very pale brown (lOYR 7 /4) dry~ many, larRe. ~t ~owish-red (5YR 4/6) mottles ana commoli; l!U'Ke., faint ~t brownish-gral (2.5Y 6/2) mottles; massive; ~ firm, slightly ~, elidltiy plastic; few fine roots; 4Opel'Ceat gravel; medium acia; gradual, wavy boundary. (2 to 6 inebes thick) C1&m-36 to 56 inches, o1ive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) weakly flemented gravelly loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) drY; massive; extremely haM. ~Y: firDi.; 40 J1eI'Cent gravel; neutral; diffuse, smooth bOunCllll'y. (18 to 24 inChes thick) c:J...-.56 inches, very compact gravelly loam glacial till. (Many feet thick) The depth to the cemented layer ~ from 20 to 40 inches. The A2 horizOn is grayish-brown to gra'y silt loam to gravelly 108m. The B21 horizon is d8rk-brown to duk yeUowish-brown graveU,..loam to gravelly clay loam. The B22 hoiizon is dark-brown to brown graVelly loam or gravelly clay loam. The B3 horizon is grayish.. brown to plive-brown gravelly _cla'y loam or gravelly 108m. The CI horizon ranges from brown to dark yellowish brown and the C'Jaim horizon ranges hom yellowish brown to olive brown. Reaction .ranges from strongly aCid at the surface to neutral in the C horiaoDS. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas thAt contain enough cobbles and stones ~ hinder cultin;t!on. . This soil is moderately well dramed. Permeability ~ moderately slow above the cemented layer. Roots penetrate to the cemented layer. This soil holds about 3 to 6 inches 01 water available for plants. RunQ1f is slow to medium, an~ the hazard of water erosion is slight to modera~ A perc~ water table is on top of the cemented. layer dunng the ram) season.. f . This soil is used for permanent pastures 0 VarlOUS grasse~ and legumes and for home-ga.rden berries and vegetables It is also used for production of trees. Capability unit 1Ve-1 woodland group 4<12. . . Tukey gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes (TuP).- This hilly soil is on glacial terraces along the ma.rgms 0 steep ravines or waterways. Along the upper part of tJ1es. hilly terraces, the depth to the cemented layer is 20 to 2- inches, and on the lower part the depth to the cemenw layer is 24 to 36 inches. . . Runoff is medium, and the hazard of water er08lon 1 moderate. This soil is used mainly for . production of ~ and for wildlife habitat and recreation areas. Capabilit. unit VIe-Ii woodland group 4<12. Wapato Series The Wapato series eoosists of poorly drained soils the formed in glaciofluvial or marine sedimC!'-~. They are ~; lain by stratified material of mixed ongm. These soila aJ on bottom lands and Nuzinh"'A areas. Slopes range from O. t 3 pereent. Elevation 1'Ulp8 from 20 to 300 feet. Nath vegetation consists mostly of western redeeda.r, red aIde Douglas-fir, western hemlock, maple, willow, red ~ salmonberry, sedges, and swordfern. Annual ~tatic 1'Ulp8 from 25 to 55 inches. The average annual all' temper: ture is about 50" F. The above 32" F growing season rang. from 160 to 250 days. and the above 280 F growing &ea8( 1'Ulp8 from 215 to 300 days. These soils are usoeiatt mainly with Belfast and Lummi soils. . In a representative profile the upper 8 inches of the 8( is black silty clay loam. This is underlain by three layers . 0\\.10 ~"'lS NIIOAsSoaA1'F5.Il'.C. = =0= ~.!~ ~1a-c:; ,.Q r~ 0 '0 - i'!: . 0:= &) H~ . 8~j ~. ~~ -~6~ <<s ~ f-4 o - t:S .. ..gjl l81~ rn ~ . I--c ~~ rnZ ~S g~ ~~ ~O U)~ ~~ ~r-1 ~ g. II 00 ~ ~ ~il u u e ;.. ~I~IJ \0 ~ ~ o - l . '0 r~ ~ i j 0- .. i! J i ~ ~ i! :>- ~ l !81 ~ii."O ~~ g ~ -e >..!J i' :c II i! ..: 8~~.ft ;r ~ i~ 0~-8:::: ~ :>. a ';: JiJ;J; ~~ .on \0 ~1 :..~ -'? 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"0 ]j ~. ~at ~J-g ~E.s l!!::s- Oi!~ geg ... \0 .8 a I .... 8 .~ I 'I :E -d ~ .. :a .5 ~ ~ U!l ~ Iz 1.3682 SCALE: r = 2t'JtY Q=5U ~ ~ ._~ ~TEBOUNDARY , OF RESDEII1IAL /_- DEVB.0PafENT SECTION 1 SITE PLAN (PROPOSED) LOG ITEM # (Oc Pag'3~_Lot~ CHEVY CHASE GEOLOGC4L HAZARDS ASSESSMENT PORT T~ WA 2)@(i) ~ 10 E\~ 'OS ...NO t\.SSOC\ATfS.ll'.C 165682 SCN.E: r 20lY Ch IiJY --- D. SL-5 SOL PIT LOCATION ..1 APPROX8ATE BOtMDARY OF R8JII1EIIJML 1JEVEL0PIIENT . . I SECTION 2 SITE PUW (PROPOSED) CHEVY CHASE GfOLOGICAL HAZARDS ASSSSIBfT POHT~ WA LOG \TEM ~ (,.,<:::::> 1.__ :( ~ nagl~ ._lj.._OO___ ~ 10 EVA."'lS t\NDASsOCIATf5. \1'.(;. ./AN. 19t1T FORIJOOO'I ~.~ m:Jt. co \i) r i 0 ~ 2 ...... m ~~S: ~ ~~ 0 ~ ~ ~ M \ . . QI II . ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~~ [SI; ~~C'..) ~ .., " ...