HomeMy WebLinkAboutLog204
j
fe
e
f
'1
1
'1
~
}
LUDLOW COVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES'AND
TRADITIONAL CULTURAL PLACES ASSESSMENT,
JEFFERSON COUNTY, WASHINGTON
1.
."
by
Kurt W. Roedel
Leonard A. Forsman
Dennis E. Lewarch
Lynn L. Larson
~ ,I,
Submitted to
Port Ludlow Associates LLC
70 Breaker Lane
Port Ludlow, Washington 98365
Copyright @
Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services Limited
LAAS Technical Report #2003-08
7700 Pioneer Way, Suite 101
Gig Harbor, Washington 98335-1164
May 13, 2003
. [}Qi
(
12"
t'
, !
r'
j
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
j
ABSTRACT
1
j
1
Port Ludlow Associates LLC retained Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services Limited
(LAAS) to conduct an archaeological resources and traditional cultural places assessment of the
proposed Ludlow Cove Project, in Jefferson County, Washington. LAAS' archaeological
resources and traditional cultural places assessment included archival and literature review, tribal
and agency consultation, field reconnaissance of the project area, and production of this technical
report. The proposed Ludlow Cove Project consists of the development of five separate tracts:
one tract for single-family residential lots, one tract for future development of a Condominium
Binding Site Plan, and three tracts for open space. A State Environment Policy Act (SEP A)
Environmental Review has been completed for the project, however, Jefferson County issued a
threshold Mitigated Detemrination of Non-Significance and placed Conditions of Approval and
Mitigation Measures on the development of the proj ect area, including: I) the completion of a
final archaeological report with recommended conditions of development, and 2) staking shell
midden boundaries for two existing archaeological sites (45JE207 and 45JE208) prior to earth
moving activities. Jefferson County also developed protocols in the event that archaeological
resources are inadvertently discovered during land development activities.
1
1
l
J
.i
f
i
J
LAAS archaeologists conducted field reconnaissance to identify the site boundaries for Site
45JE207 and Site 45JE208, and staked a buffer area around small portions of intact shell midden
deposits inland from the shoreline of Ludlow Cove, deposits not previously recorded as part of
Site 45JE207 or Site 45JE208. In LAAS' opinion, the intact deposits retain integrity of condition
and location, however, the intact deposits do not have the potential to contribute information
important to regional history or prehistory, and therefore, are probably not significant. LAAS
archaeologists did not identify any traditional cultural places through tribal consultation.
LAAS recommends that a professional archaeologist monitor any ground disturbing activities
within the staked boundaries of Site 45JE207 and Site 45JE208 to ensure adherence with
Jefferson County's protocols for the inadvertent discovery of human remains, if they exist.
LOG iTEM
#~,,-~>--~
Page ? _of_"
111
i-
J
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
j
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I
1
I
j
Abstract .................................................................... 111
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
List of Figures ......................................... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
List of Tables .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ',' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Acknowledgments ........................................................... vii
Introduction .................................................................. 1
Project Description ........................................................... 3
Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tribal Consultation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Agency Consultation . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation .................................. 5
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cultural Background ........................................................... 7
Previous Cultural Resources Studies ............................................. 7
Archaeological Studies .............................. '. . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Traditional Cultural Places Studies ............................................. 9
Ethnography ................................................................ 9
History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Implications for Land Use and Probability for Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer and
Historic Period Archaeological Resources ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Archaeological Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Traditional Cultural Places .................................................... 15
Field Reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . 16
Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Field Results .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Site 45JE207 ............................................................. 17
Site 45JE208 ...........................................,................. 17
Conclusions ..........,...................................................... 19
Site 45JE207 ............................................................. 19
Site 45JE208 ............................................................. 20
Recommendations ............................................................ 20
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
Appendix 1. Individuals and Agencies Contacted ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Appendix 2. Tribal Correspondence ............................................. 33
Appendix 3. Site Addendum for Site 45JE207 ......................,..............41
Appendix 4. Site Addendum for Site 45JE208 .....................................47
Appendix 5. Washington State Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Cultural
Resources Survey Cover Sheet .......................................53
LOG ITEr\$1
# 2.sti-_.~~~.~,
Page --4-- of c__~~
v
I _n
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Location of the Ludlow Cove project area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Figure 2. Ethnographic place names (Elmendorf 1991; Hitchman 1985; Waterman ca. 1920)
and historic period land use in the Ludlow Cove project area vicinity ........... 11
Figure 3. Approximate location of mill worker cabins in the Camp Walker vicinity in
relation to the Ludlow Cove project area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . 13
Figure 4. Pedestrian transects, shovel probes, and cut bank exposures showing intact shell
midden deposits on bluff and secondary shell midden material in cut bank of
shoreline for Site 45JE207 and Site 45JE208 .............................. 17
Figure 5. Areas recommended for archaeological monitoring include buffer zone around
intact shell midden deposits for Site 45JE207 and Site 45JE208 ............... 21
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Studies and Archaeological Sites on Ludlow Cove ... . . 7
LOG ITEM
2_b~
40f
VI
n
fl
d
f"'!
j i
~ j
n
1 i
1 J
n
J J
n
1 i
! j
n
1.
L
f1
ij
f1
: !
i,
iJ
11
1,
; j
U
. 1
!
I
. J
1 '
i j
i
j
1.
I
Ie
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
j
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
-1
1
I
j
LAAS thanks Mark Dorsey, Project Manager, Port Ludlow Associates LLC, for his flexibility
and for providing project area maps, project background information, and accompanying a LAAS
archaeologist on a site tour of the project area. LAAS'also thanks Mike Bowen, Principal, Senior
Survey Project Manager, ESM Consulting Engineers LLC, for his coordination with LAAS.
Janet Charles, Research Specialist, Department of Natural Resqurces, supplied General Land
Office maps and notes. Shana Smith, Museum Director, Port Gamble Museum, shared with
LAAS historic materials for the Ludlow Cove project area.
1
r
j
1
i
1
;
i
1
"'
l
1
1
Vll
LOG ITEM
:age~
q- t;eJ/'
l
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
r
j
INTRODUCTION
1
,
j
Port Ludlow Associates LLC (port Ludlow) retained Larson Anthropological Archaeological
Services Limited (LAAS) in March 2003 to conduct an archaeological and traditional cultural
places assessment of the proposed Ludlow Cove Project, in Jefferson County, Washington. The
Ludlow Cove project area encompasses approximately 27.75 acres in the East ~ of Section 17,
Township 28 North, Range 1 East, Willamette Meridian, on the Port Ludlow, Washington
Quadrangle (United States Geological Survey 1973) (Figure 1). The Ludlow Cove project area is
divided into five tracts, one tract for the construction of 17 single-family residential lots, one tract
for future development of a Condominium Binding Site Plan, and three tracts for open space.
1
J
1
j
1
!
r
j
A State Environment Policy Act (SEP A) Environmental Review has been completed for the
approved Preliminary Plat of Ludlow Cove, with a threshold Mitigated Determination of Non-
Significance (MDNS) issued by Jefferson County (SUB-95-00003) on June 26, 2002. Jefferson
County placed Conditions of Approval and Mitigation Measures on the development of the
project area, including: 1) the completion of a final archaeological report with recommended
conditions of development, and 2) staking shell midden boundaries for two existing
archaeological sites (45JE207 and 45JE208) prior to earth moving activities. In addition,
Jefferson County developed protocols in the event that archaeological resources are inadvertently
discovered during land development activities, including 1) stopping work to avoid further
disturbance to the area or removing any materials; 2) notifying the Jefferson County Director of
Developmental Review; 3) protecting the area from vandals and collectors; 4) having a
qualified archaeologist evaluate the site and make recommendations for further work in the area;
and 5) obtaining a permit from the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation if further
excavation or disturbance of the site is necessary. Port Ludlow plans to begin earth disturbing
activities in May 2003. To facilitate Port Ludlow's construction schedule, LAAS prepared a
preliminary report describing tribal consultation, field methods, field results, and conclusions and
delivered the report to Port Ludlow on April 29, 2003 (Roedel et al. 2003).
1
f
}
LAAS' cultural resources overview and traditional cultural places assessment included archival
and literature review, tribal consultation with the Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, agency
consultation with the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP), field
reconnaissance of the project area, and production of this technical report. LAAS developed
probabilities for hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, historic Indian, and historic period
archaeological resources based on the availability of the project area's landforms for hunter-
fisher-gatherer use, prehistoric and historic land use in similar environmental settings,
documented ethnographic and historic land use in the project area vicinity, and results of
previous archaeological resources studies conducted in the project area vicinity.
LAAS archaeologists reviewed environmental, ethnographic, historic, and archaeological data for
the proposed Ludlow Cove Project and determined that there is no probability for hunter-fisher-
gatherer archaeological resources prior to 6,000 years ago. Level areas on the top of the bluff
along the shoreline of Ludlow Cove have a low probability for hunter-fisher-gatherer
archaeological resources between 6,000 and 1,500 years ago, a high probability for hunter-fisher-
LOG ITEM
Z-~
tK f
~k
1
,#
Page
e
e
n
;-r
Jj
\)\
! i
,
\ l
\..._:/ -'
!
,"._e_'
-:>::>.-
~i i
:/S1akeRock
n
: t
! j
/<,'-
i
.()
./'0
'(
\
\
q
j r
~:
. .
i J
It. 1 45/ l
, .~
\~
p
j!
1 J
Hood Canal
i
i
\,
)
n
Ii
, i
i /
,/
(
4 j
--~.......
'\ I I
"'1:
"--)
i/
I'
n
I J
q
1 ,
i j
1 j
~
,~
~
~
~
'Y
!1
"'0/; I
.I/~/;
j};;'J
.. f, .
,,/.1-/ ~
''}G/ /
/// /./' ~l
'/ '
rf.-~' .
n
n
, I
j J
il
,; j
1'1
I
, :
d
! ::
, ,
. j
11
d
11
d
. >
'~,,)
,
I
1/
f :'
/'
1 'r
i j
//) i
i
N
o
I
I
Mile
0.5
I
Ludlow Cove Project Area
Figure 1.
Base Map from U.S.G.S. Port Ludlow Quadrangle,
Location of the Ludlow Cove project area.
#
2
{~
f"
2oL-t
~ of
7cAa---
l
j
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
j
gatherer archaeological resources that date after 1,500 years ago, and a high probability for
ethnographic period and historic Indian archaeological resources. The rest of the project area has
a low probability for hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, and historic Indian
archaeological resources. The Ludlow Cove project area has a high probability for historic
period archaeological resources.
1
J
1
!
J
1
1
LAAS archaeologists then conducted field reconnaissance and identified small portions of intact
shell midden deposits inland and outside of the previously identified boundaries of Sites 45JE207
and 45JE208, and areas with intermittent secondarily deposited shell midden materials in the cut
bank of the shoreline of Ludlow Cove. Small areas with intact archaeological deposits associated
with Sites 45JE207 and 45JE208 retain integrity oflocation and condition, however, the small
volume of intact midden deposits, low diversity of shell species, limited number of pieces of fire
modified rock (FMR) observed in cut bank exposures, absence of features in cut bank exposures,
and shallow midden deposits (between 20 and 30 centimeters (eight and 12 inches) in thiclmess
from the contemporary ground surface) combine to limit the research potential of the two sites.
In LAAS' opinion, the intact deposits for Sites 45JE207 and 45JE208 do not have the potential to
contribute information important to regional history or prehistory, and are probably not
significant.
1
j
1
j
I
1
j
LAAS concluded that the Ludlow Cove project area has a low probability for significant hunter-
fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, historic Indian, and historic period archaeological resources
because of wave erosion over the past 6,000 years, log dump operations, and quarrying activities
that would have disturbed or destroyed archaeological resources if they existed. '
Although the intact portions of Sites 45JE207 and 45JE208 are probably not significant, shell
middens often have associated human remains. LAAS recommends that a professional
archaeologist monitor ground disturbing activities within the staked buffer areas of Site 45JE207
and Site 45JE208 to ensure compliance with Jefferson County's protocols for the inadvertent
discovery of archaeological resources or human remains.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1
i
The Ludlow Cove project area encompasses 27.75 acres divided into five tracts, one tract for the
construction of 17 single-family residential lots, one tract for the future development of a
Condominium Binding Site Plan, and three tracts that will remain open space to provide project
buffering, critical area enhancement, and passive and active recreation areas. In addition to the
17 single-family residential lots, the development will include a beach picnic area, new and
existing trails, a pedestrian bridge, and public access roads.
j
Construction activities will begin in May 2003 and will include logging, temporary erosion/
sedimentation control, clearing, grubbing, grading, excavation of underground utilities (storm,
drainage, water, sanitary sewer, cable, phone and power), landscaping, paving for new roads, and
construction of a community trail system. Excavation depths will vary depending upon the
construction activity, however, the maximum depth is estimated to be between 15 and 18 feet
(4.6 and 5.5 meters) below ground surface for footing and underground uti1itie(,,(Stle~ee
# LP~n
Page i( of
6~
,
j
3
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
thinning and the removal of invasive vegetation and replacement with native vegetation will
occur within a 25-foot (7.6-meter) vegetation buffer (Mark Dorsey, personal communication
2003).
METHODOLOGY
LAAS conducted an archival review of environmental reports, ethnographic notes and
manuscripts, histories, and historic maps of the Ludlow Cove project area vicinity on file at
LAAS, the University of Washington Libraries, the Jefferson County Library, and the Port
Gamble Museum. LAAS archaeologists also examined site records and survey reports on file at
LAAS and the OARP for previously recorded hunter-fisher-gatherer and historic period
archaeological sites in the Ludlow Cove project area vicinity and consulted with the Port Gamble
S'Klal1am Tribe. LAAS developed probabilities for hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period,
historic Indian, and historic period archaeological resources in the project area based on
environmental, ethnographic, and historic data, and results from previous archaeological studies
in the project area vicinity. LAAS archaeologists tested their hypotheses during field
reconnaissance, and revised probability estimates based on field observations.
We use the term hunter-fisher-gatherer to describe the Indian people who lived in Puget Sound
prior to the arrival of Euroamerican settlers, regardless of their tribal associations. We have
consulted with local Indian Tribes for many yeats to determine an appropriate term to describe
their ancestors. Indian people donot want their ancestors to be called prehistoric people, which
is an ethnocentric term. We routinely use the term hunter.,.gatherer to refer to Indian people who
inhabit environments in the interior of the United States. Tribes in Puget Sound suggested the
addition of "fisher" to the descriptor "hunter-gatherer" to reflect the importance of fishing among
the Puget Sound Tribes. Puget Sound Indian people view themselves as fishermen as well as
hunters and food gatherers.
TRIBAL CONSULTATION
LAAS initiated tribal consultation with the Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe by sending a letter
describing the proposed project and a request for information the Tribe might have on historic
Indian use or traditional cultural places within the project area to the chairperson and cultural
representative of the Tribe (Appendix 1). LAAS archaeologist Kurt Roedel faxed the cultural
representative of each tribe to ask if the tribe was interested in having a tribal monitor accompany
him during field reconnaissance (Appendix 1).
LAAS Archaeologist Leonard Forsman telephoned Marie Hebert, Tribal Council Member, Port
Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe, as a follow-up to the letter. Ms. Hebert (personal communication
2003) said that she had received the fieldwork schedule notice a few days prior to the fieldwork
dates, but was unable to meet the LAAS archaeologists in the field due to scheduling conflicts.
Ms. Hebert (personal communication 2003) asked that future, if possible, fieldwork notices be
sent earlier to allow her to monitor fieldwork.
ll'-", ~
. ,,*\';.t
#_-1Z:L--.
Paqe ._~_ of -- .
,-, 6) c.a-
4
n
u
n
n
n
i 1
J i
,{ .J
n
t J
n
11
I J
i1
1 j
tj
fl
j l
i'
i J
11
i j
n
l j
! 1
i i
lJ
n
u
T 1
J t
U
1
f
j
j
I
,
j
,
J
1
~ '
j
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
1
LAAS sent an e-mail to Ms. Hebert detailing our field findings and our proposed
recommendations. Mr. Forsman telephoned Ms. Hebert to ask for further comments. Ms.
Hebert (personal communication 2003) said that she had received the e-mail and supported the
recommendations. Ms. Hebert (personal communication 2003) asked that she would prefer, if
possible, that she receive seven calendar days notice before archaeological monitoring is
scheduled to begin to allow time for a tribal monitor to accompany the professional archaeologist
in the field.
AGENCY CONSULTATION
i I
OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION
J
j
LAASconducted a records search at the OAHP to identify archaeological resources studies
conducted on Ludlow Cove, and for hunter-fisher-gatherer or historic period archaeological sites
on Ludlow Cove (Appendix 1).
i !
i,
J
ENVIRONMENT
The Ludlow Cove project area is on the north bank of Ludlow Cove on the west side of Hood
Canal (Figure 1). Glacial processes and sea level changes affected the position aftheshoreline
of Ludlow Cove and are important in understanding the availability of the shoreline for
occupation through time and the types and locations of resources available to hunter-fisher-
gatherers in the Ludlow Cove project area.
1
\
The Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet advanced south through the Puget Sound region,
reaching its maximum extent near Tenino, south of Olympia, approximately 17,000 years ago
(porter and Swanson 1998; Thorson 1980, 1981). The weight of glacial ice depressed the project
area landform approximately 330 feet (100 meters) (Thorson 1981:65). As the Puget Lobe
retreated, a sublobe of the glacier probably formed in the northeast portion of the Olympic
Peninsula (Thorson 1981 :22), with the southern edge of the retreating sublobe in the approximate
vicinity of Oak Bay Road, adjacent to the north edge of the Ludlow Cove project area. The
project area was most likely free of ice by 16,000 years ago, and surface elevations of pro glacial
lakes that formed in Puget Sound south of the Puget Lobe lowered exposed ground surfaces by
15,000 years ago. Hunter-fisher-gatherer groups could have entered the Puget Sound around
14,000 years ago.
1
i
i
J
j
Changes in relative sea level over time would have affected hunter-fisher-gatherer use of the
Ludlow Cove project area through shifting the elevation and location of suitable shoreline for
occupation. Bronen et a1. (1987) documented changes in vegetation and microorganims found in
cores taken from the Shine Marsh, approximately four miles (6.4 kilometers) south of the
Ludlow Cove project area, that suggested sea level in the project area vicinity rose gradually over
the last 10,000 years. Relative sea level in Hood Canal was over 10 meters (32.8 fee.!) 10\y~r , '
10,000 years ago than today, within approximately six melers (19.7 feet) ofi; ~~_.
Page ~ of --~~
IV c.Cl-
i
J
5
It
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Ass'essment, Jefferson County, Washington
by 6,000 years ago, and has probably not risen more than one meter (3.3 feet) over the last 1,000
years (Eronen et al. 1987:Figure 6; Johnson et al. 1990:1048; Sherrod et al. 2000:385). The
current offshore bathymetry of Ludlow Cove slopes moderately from the shoreline east towards
Hood Canal. Sea level data and bathymetric data indicate that contemporary Ludlow Cove was
first inundated by Ptiget Sound beginning around 6,000 years ago, but prior to 6,000 years ago,
the Ludlow Cove project area vicinity was a series of hills and ravines north of the small
floodplain of Ludlow Creek. The mouth of Ludlow Creek was approximately 0.7 miles (1.1
kilometers) east of the contemporary outfall around 6,000 years ago. The delta of Ludlow Creek
gradually moved west, as sea level rose over the past 6,000 years and inundated the west end of
Ludlow Cove. As Ludlow Cove was gradually inundated by rising sea level, the rounded bases
of the hills that bounded the north edge of the Ludlow Creek floodplain were eroded by wave
action. Continued inundation and constant wave erosion at the base of the hills fonned the steep
vertical cut bank along the south edge of the Ludlow Cove project area. Small glacial terraces
and hill tops remained as relatively level ground surfaces at the tops of cut banks approximately
20 feet (6.1 meters) above the marine shoreline. The level ground surfaces cover only small
areas, dispersed along the northern shoreline of Ludlow Cove in the Ludlow Cove project area.
The level ground surfaces at the top of the cut bank provided the only areas for hunter-fisher-
gatherer processing locations above the marine shoreline, which is inundated at high tide.
Shellfish and fish processing activities were most suitable on the level ground surfaces directly
above the marine shoreline.
, Climate change in the Puget Sound region since the last glaciation has influenced the locations
and types of plant and animal resources available for hunter-fisher-gatherer groups in the Ludlow
Cove project area vicinity. Around 12,000 years ago, a warmer and drier climate than today had
developed in Puget Sound, creating a forest-parkland habitat, with scattered lodgepole pine
(Pinus contorta var.latifolia), alder (Alnus rubra), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiz), and
bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), grasses, and shrubs (Whitlock 1992:124). Riparian
resources on the Ludlow Creek floodplain would have been important for hunter-fisher-gatherers,
providing a variety of plant and animal resources.
By 6,000 years ago, the maritime climate regime typical of Puget Sound had developed
(Brubaker 1991:23; Whitlock 1992), supporting dense stands of Western hemlock (Tsuga
heterophylla) and Western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Although the denser forest limited browse
for elk (Cervus canadensis) and deer (Odocoileus sp.), plant resources provided hunter-fisher-
gatherers with berries, medicinal plants, timber for houses and canoes, and cedar bark for
clothing and baskets. The Ludlow Cove project area was probably mantled by a Western
hemlock and Douglas fir forest with Western red cedar after 6,000 or 5,000 years ago. Rich
stream delta and marine littoral plant, fish, terrestrial mammal, and shellfish food resources were
available directly south of the project area over the past 5,000 years.
Early historic period records (United States Surveyor General 1859) described the Ludlow Cove
project area vicinity as ranging from a spruce and cedar swamp to rolling topography with second
and third rate soils that supported a relatively homogenous floral community. Timber included
alder, cedar (Thuja plicata), cherry (Prunus sp.), fir (Abies sp.), hemlock, and spruce (Picea sp.),
and undergrowth species included salal (Gaultheria shallon), huckleberry (Vaccinium sp.),
Tr'!i,~
LOG t I::J\i1
2..o!i
Paoe~of,
;::J l \ cA3L--
6
if:
fl
11
n
J j
n
( J
n
1 j
n
l j
n
u
n
iJ
n
11
)]
n
d
T 1
, I
,[ j
rr
u
q
! r
t J
, 1
I (
1 J
! )
d
1 I
U
,
~
~
j
1-
J
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
J
1
j
salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), and briers (United States Surveyor General 1859). In the
historic period, much of the timber north of Ludlow Cove was burned or diseased (United S~tes
Surveyor General 1859).
A contemporary United States Geological Survey (1973) map indicates Ludlow Creek and two
unnamed streams flow into Ludlow Cove, however, a historic United States Surveyor General
(1860) map showed that six streams flowed into Ludlow Cove. Contemporary data indicate that
streams in Ludlow Cove project area vicinity support runs of coho (Onchorynchus kisutch ) and
chum (0. keta) salmon (Williams et al. 1975).
LAAS archaeologists conducted an archival and literature review of previous cultural resources
stUdies and archaeological site fonns for Ludlow Cove, in the vicinity of the Ludlow Cove
project area, on tile at OAHP and LAAS. Three previous cultural resources studies have been
conducted in the Ludlow Cove project area and 11 previous cultural resources studies were
conducted on Ludlow Cove (Table 1).
Two archaeological sites (45JE207 and 45JE208) are recorded within the Ludlow Cove project
area, and six hunter-tisher-gatherer archaeological sites (45JE203, 45JE204, 45JE206, 45JE209,
45JE210, and 45JE211) and one historic period site (45JE80H) are on Ludlow Cove (Table 1).
1
j
1
1
CULTURAL BACKGROUND
1
[
j
PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCES STUDIES
1
j
1
J
1
l
I
" Table 1. Previous CUltural Resources Studies and Archaeological Sites on Ludlow Cove.
Author(s.) Date TIUe Cultural Resources
Identified
45JE80H
Hunt
1970a Port Ludlow-Sawmilland Towns. Master Site File
Hunt
1970b Port LucJlow-$awmilland Towns. National Register of
Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Fonn
1992a 45.11:206. State of Washington Archaeological Site
Inventory Fonn
1992b 45.11:207. State of Washington Archaeological Site
Inventory Fonn
1992c 45.11:208, State of Washington Archaeological Site
Inventory Fonn .
1992d 45.11:209. State of Washington Archaeological Site
Inventory Fonn
1992e 45.11:210. State of Washington Archaeological Site
Inventory Fonn
1992f Archaeological Inventory and Management
Recommendations for the 1992 Port Ludlow Development
Program, Jefferson County, Washington
1992g Preliminary Findings on Archaeological and Related Issues
at Port Ludlow
1992a 45.11:203. State of Washington Archaeological Site
Inventory Fonn
Kenady
Kenady
Kenady
Kenady
Kenady
Kenady
Kenady
Whltlam
Port Ludlow sawmill and
towns
45JE206-shell midden,
human remains
45JE207-shell midden,
historic artifacts
45JE208-shell midden,
historic artifacts
45JE209-shell midden,
recent artifacts
45JE21Q-shell midden
45JE207-shell midden,
historic artifacts,
45JE208-shell midden
None
Evaluation
Status
Eligible. for
listing In the
NRHp..
Eligible for listing
In the NRHP
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
45JE203-human remains Not evaluated
N/A
7
1--
!
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Studies and Archaeological Sites on Ludlow Cove (continued).
Author(s) Date Title Cultural Resources Evaluation
Identified Status
Whltlam 1992b 45JE204. State of Washington Archaeological Site 45JE204-shell midden Not evaluated
Inventory Form
Kenady 1993 45JE211. State of Washington Archaeological Site 45JE211-disturbed shell Not evaluated
Inventory Form midden, recent artifacts
Kenady 1994 Archaeological Inventory of Scott Subdivision-Port Ludlow Possible stone burial N1A
marker
Kenady et al. 1994 Recovery and Reintemment of Human Remains at Site 45JE206-human remains, Not evaluated
45JE206, Port Ludlow, Jefferson County, Washington historic and recent
artifacts
Kenady and 1998 Archaeological Construction Monitoring at the Kimble Shell midden, historic N1A
Ollllan Property, Port Ludlow, Washington artifacts
*ElIgible-Recorder's Opinion
**NRHP-National Register of Historic Places
N1A-Not Applicable
ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES
In 1992, Kenady (1992b, 1992c, 1992f) surveyed areas in a portion of the Ludlow Cove project
area that had a high probability for hunter-fisher-gatherer archaeological resources and recorded
two shell midden sites, Site 4SJE207 and Site 4SJE208. Kenady's (1992f:8-10) field methods
were limited to reconnaissance by airplane and pedestrian transects, and did not include
subsurface examination. Kenady (1992f: 11) observed shell midden in the southern portion of the
Ludlow Cove project area, extending along the shoreline for approximately 800 feet (243.8
meters), however, Kenady (1992c) recorded the length of deposits of Site 4SJE208 as 1,968 feet
(600 meters) in the archaeological site form. Artifacts associated with Site 4SJE208 included
shell, FMR, faunal remains, and titbics. . Kenady (1992f: 12) also identified shell midden that was
partially obscured by an existing log sorting and dumping yard. Kenady (1992b) recorded Site
4SJE207 deposits along the shorelinem the east portion of the Ludlow Cove project area.
Artifacts included shell, faunal remains, FMR, lithic materials, and historic artifacts, such as
glass, ceramics, and a clay pipe stem (Kenady 1992f:11). Kenady (1992f:13-14) recommended
that site boundaries for 45JE207 and 45JE208 be staked prior to earth moving activities, and test
excavation or coring be conducted to determine the site boundaries for Site 45JE207. Kenady
(1992b, 1992c, 1992f) did not record the inland extent of either site.
In the vicinity of the project area, Whitlam (1992a) identified and recorded Site 45JE203, which
included remains from as many as three Indian people on a bluff above a freshwater stream and
shell midden deposits during construction of a residence, approximately 0.76 miles (1.21
kilometers) southeast of the Ludlow Cove project area. Kenady (1992a, 1994) recorded Site
45JE206 on a low bank of Ludlow Cove, adjacent to a rocky knoll, 0.6 miles (1.0 kilometer)
southeast of the Ludlow Cove project area. During the removal of a stump, Kenady (1994:5, lO-
Il) observed human remains, later identified as Indian and reburied. Kenady (1994:5) then
placed test holes and used a metal detector to identify as many as four wood caskets. Historic
artifacts from Site 45JE206 consisted of ceramic buttons, cookstove fragments, evidence of a
root cellar excavation, furniture pieces, and square cut nails; and recent artifacts such as wire
nails. The wood caskets and human remains were not exposed or removed, therefore, tests could
not be conducted to determine whether the humans were Indian or non- Indian (Kena~tJ&ft\:!M
# 1J:f1
Page tA-- of
l'? eEL--
8
n
n
n
1 j
n
j f
.J
n
11
Jl
I r
U
n
i I
U
n
U
n
lJ
qj~'
~
n
: i
i j
q
, I'
U
n
1;
1
I
I
J
j
1
I
j
J
1-
j
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
1
1
Kenady (1992d, 1992e, 1993) recorded Sites 45JE209, 45JE210, and 45JE211, and Whitlam
(1992a) recorded Site 45JE204 on Ludlow Cove, for a total of four shell middens within one
mile (1.6 kilometers) of the Ludlow Cove project area. Site deposits associated with Sites
45JE209 and 45JE211 were shell, FMR, lithics, and recent artifacts, while Sites 45JE204 and
45JE210 were shell and FMR.
1
j
In 1994, Kenady (1994:1) conducted a surface survey of the Scott Subdivision, approximately
0.38 miles (0.61 kilometers) northeast of the Ludlow Cove project area, and observed a rock pile
that Kenady (1994) suggested may mark a Native American burial or is related to an agricultural
activity.
1
,
j
Kenady and Dillian (1998) monitored excavation activities associated with house construction in
the vicinity of Site 45JE206, identifying historic period ceramic fragments with surface
decoration, aqua glass fragments, a shotgun shell, and rusted metal fragments. Kenady and
Dillian (1998:2) also identified intact shell midden approximately 60 feet (18.3 meters) southeast
of Site 45JE206, although the intact deposits were not recorded as a site. Shell midden deposits
included clam and scallop shells and faunal remains (Kenady and Dillian 1998:2).
1
J
1
i
Site 45JE80H is the only recorded historic period archaeological site on Ludlow Cove. Hunt
(1970a, 1970b) recorded the Port Ludlow Sawmill and Towns Site (45JE80H) and completed a
National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form, however, the Port Ludlow
Sawmill and Towns Site (45JE80H) has not been formally evaluated forlistingin the NRHP.
Site 45JE80H is less than 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometers) east of the Ludlow Cove project area.
]
1
J
Archaeologists have recorded seven hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, or historic
period Indian shell midden sites on Ludlow Cove, including one site (45JE206) with human
remains. Archaeologists recorded human remains associated with Site 45JE203 on a bluff, the
same type of landform as the bluffs in Ludlow Cove project area.
1
J
TRADITIONAL CULTURAL PLACES STUDIES
1
J
No traditional cultural places studies have been conducted in the Ludlow Cove project area
vicinity, based on OAHP records.
ETHNOGRAPHY
1
~
J
j
The Ludlow Cove project area is within the aboriginal territory of the Chemakum (Elmendorf
1990:438-439). Chemakum territory included lands along the northeastern shore of the Olympic
Peninsula between present Port Townsend and Port Ludlow (Elmendorf 1990:438-439), and was
between territories held by the Klallam on the north and west and the Twana on the south
(Elmendorf 1992:296). Ethnographers recorded at least one, and possibly two, winter villages in
Chemakum territory at the head of Port Townsend Bay near the present communities of Iron dale
and Port Hadlock, eight miles (12.8 kilometers) north of Port Ludlow (Castile 1985:16;
Waterman ca. 1920). The Klallam used Port Ludlow as a seasonal camp anetlor village in the
ethnographic and historic period, between ca. 1840 and ca. 1930 (Elmendorf 1992:46; Plut, H.
LOG ITEM
# 1-cft:::
9 page~of
\'i ceJ-
J
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1988; Plut, D. 1988). Warfare and disease reduced Chemakum populations and the Klallam,
who frequently traveled to Hood Canal to gather shellfish and other resources, appropriated
Chemakum territory (Elmendorf 1990:439). The Chemakum also intermarried with the Klallam
and Twana (Skokomish) groups contributing to the loss of Chemakum cultural and political
identity (Elmendorf 1990:439). Port Ludlow is now within the territory of the Klallam, who in
this area, are represented by the Port Gamble S , Klallam Tribe.
The Chemakum and their Klallam neighbors were typical of other Central Puget Sound people in
their reliance on marine resources, especially salmon and shellfish, for subsistence and trade.
The Chemakum and Klallam spent their winters in cedar plank winter houses within the
permanent winter village complex. At the end of the winter, the Chemakum and Klallam left the
village for extended periods of time to harvest salmon, gather clams and oysters, pick berries, and
hunt land game and sea mammals. The Chemakum and Klallam steamed clams on heated rock
pavements. Steamed clams were eaten fresh or dried over open :fires for storage and trade.
Horse clams and other larger clams were dried raw over open fires. The Chemakum and Klallam
established temporary camps at their summer gathering areas using a portable cattail and pole
frame house for shelter. Most Klallam came to Hood Canal to fish salmon and pick berries
between August until early December, although some stayed at their camping areas through the
winter, returning to their villages in the spring (Gunther 1927:195). Long-term occupation of
seasonal camps occasionally required burial of a deceased member of the family or group.
Gunther (1927:248), for example, reported that the practice of burying the deceased during
seasonal occupations was conducted on fishing trips to Hood Canal. However, burials were also
removed from the seasonal camping area and transported to the village burial ground for reburial.
The Klallam called Port Ludlow Nix~a na, which was not translated by early twentieth century
Klallam informants (Waterman ca. 1920). Elmendorf (1992:46) recorded the same name for Port
Ludlow, transcribed as nuxwsna'ana't, also not translated. Hitchman (1985:237) stated that the
Chemakum name for Port Ludlow wasSna-nul-kwo, which appears similar to the Waterman (ca.
1920) and Elmendorf (1992:46) names, suggesting that Hitchman's (1985:237) term may
actually be the Klallam name. According to Hitchman (1985 :237), the Twana name for Port
Ludlow was Dos-la-latl (Figure 2). The Nix~a na term used by Waterman (ca. 1920) appears to
apply to Ludlow Creek at the head of Port Ludlow (Kenady 1992g) (Figure 2).
W.P. Sawyard, originally from the State of Maine, built the first sawmill at Port Ludlow in 1853
(Coman and Gibbs 1949:54), attracting Klallam and Chemakum Indians to the jobs and trade
opportunities at the mill locations (Castile 1985:17). The 1855 Treaty of Point No Point
established a reservation for the Klallam, Chemakum, and Twana at the mouth of the Skokomish
River near the head of Hood Canal, but many of the Klallam and Chemakum did not move to the
Skokomish Reservation, remaining in their traditional villages or seasonal camping areas. This
off-reservation settlement pattern was especially dense at mill sites such as Port Ludlow, built at
one of their seasonal camping areas. Six Klallams resided at Port Ludlow in 1881 (Gunther
1927:181), and continued to live at Port Ludlow until at least the mid'-1930s (plut, H. 1988). Dr.
Harry Plut (plut, H. 1988), a Port Ludlow Mill physician, noted in 1934 that "quite a few Indians
lived there" (at Port Ludlow) and did not work at the mill but "lived mostly on the beaches and
had their own little areas where they fished and hunted and dug clams. A lot oftherbverYTEM
~~ ? 04
10 Page~of
I <<) eEL-
f1
1-1
n
n
n
1]
11
11
1 I
U
n
u
1]
n
n
n
i l
u
q
L
1]
11
t
I '
d
! l
j r
U
1 1
) r
iJ
!l
U
1
F
r
j
1
j ~
1 ~
! 1
i
1
j
1
,)
1
,
j
1
,
,
J
1
j
f
ee
2'
~/J/] It/
~
~
i~
",
· T...
~" ;-<..
. ~
i . ,...
.. I.~
I I
f
/
i f ,.
f ~
~
~
"'- "
\ ~
+ +
I'd
+
+
N
.....
1 '
Trail From
Port Ludlow
to Squamish Harbor
."
....
r2l"..l,r- ',.;.~
..,~-,l "I- l-
2
I..
"
t
N
o
I
0.5
I I
Mile
~
~
.....
.
~
~
"7", .
(.,
t
~
~
.
~
,lq
~
~
"
''I
"'-
rJ..,';"c
Base Map from United States Surveyor General 1863
Figure 2. Ethnographic place names (Elmendorf 1992; Hitchman 1985; Waterman ca. 19 TEM
historic period land use in the Ludlow Cove project area vicinity. # t~_~~..._~~c'
11 Page 't5t of --,.~"
III c..c:t.-
Port Ludlow ArChaeOlOgi! Resources Assessment, Jefferson co!, Washington
patients of mine." Dr. Plut (plut, H. 1988) said that one of his Indian patients was Ella
Waterhouse, a Chippewa Cree Indian married to a Klallam man (Joe Waterhouse Sr., personal
communication 2003). Dr. Plut's wife Dorothy added that "there were several Indian families
living right up at the head of the bay across from Camp Walker, across from where the store is
now" (plut, D. 1988).
Contemporary elders of the Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe also identified Port Ludlow as a
seasonal camping area (Kenady 1992g). Marie Hebert (personal communication 2003) said that
Port Ludlow retains its cultural importance to the Port Gamble S , Klallam Tribe today because of
the old Klallam camping areas along its shores. Many Klallams lived at Little Boston on Port
Gamble across from the Pope and Talbot Port Gamble Mill. The Klallam settlement at Little
Boston became part of the larger Port Gamble Indian Reservation established in 1937 (Ruby and
Brown 1986:164). The Klallam living on the Port Gamble Indian Reservation are now known as
the Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe.
mSTORY
American Explorer Charles Wilkes led an expedition to Puget Sound in 1841, when he entered
Hood Canal and visited an encampment ofKlallam, Suquamish, and Skokomish Indians (Wilkes
1845:410-411,482-483). A little over a decade later, J.W. Sawyard built a small, steam-powered
sawmill on the sandspit on the north shore of Port Ludlow (Figure 2). The sandspit, which in
1841 was referred to as Tit Point,(United States Department of Commerce 1841), was oWlied by
Joshua K. Thorndike, who claimed the sandspit and the adjoining upland property in 1853 (Fish
1988:2; Seattle Genealogical Society 1980:60; United States Department of Commerce 1841;
United States Surveyor General 1863) (Figure 2). The 1841 survey map shows a group of
buildings on the sandspit, and may represent an 1850s-era update to the map, thereby showing
Sawyard's mill (United States Department of Commerce 1841). The 1841 survey map shows the
Ludlow Cove project area along the shoreline of "Ballets Cove," the name applied to the head of
Port Ludlow between the north shore and islands now known as The Twins (United States
Department of Commerce 1841) (Figure 2).
W.P. Sawyard leased his Port Ludlow sawmill to Amos and Phinney in 1858 (Coman and Gibbs
1949: 111). Arthur Phinney operated the mill at Port Ludlow until his death in 1877. During
Phinney's tenure the Hall Brothers established a shipyard at Port Ludlow for building lumber
ships (Fish 1988:5). The Puget Mill Company, also known by its parent name of Pope and
Talbot, acquired the Port Ludlow sawmill in 1877 (Coman and Gibbs 1949:111). Pope and
Talbot, which established the sawmill at Port Gamble in 1853, also acquired the Utsalady mill on
Camano Island in 1877, bringing three Puget Sound mills under its ownership (Coman and Gibbs
1949:110-111). Nearly all of the sawmill and shipyard activity at Port Ludlow was concentrated
on or near the sandspit, which is 0.7 miles (1.1 kilometers) east of the project area (Figure 2).
The Port Ludlow Mill operated, although not continuously, between 1853 and 1935, and
employed hundreds of workers. Unmarried men lived in small cabins on the "hillside northwest
of the mill" (Jefferson County Historical Society 1966:183). The Port Ludlow Mill, acquired by
the Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company in 1925, along with the remainder of the Pope and
Talbot's holdings, closed in 1935 (McDonald 1958). Pope and Talbot reacquired the Port
LOG ITEM
fl., rO:(
Page -IlL of
11 cG.1...--
12
1
rJ
fl
: I
1 J
''''
J !
d
n
1 j
II
I!
Ll
n
11
"
1 J
f 1
! I
!J
n
d
11
, f
d
11
, i
, ,
j .i
3 1-
l J
1)
d
1 't
1 ~
: [
d
~ t
j i
j I
Ll
, 1
; ,
, J
j
1.
j
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
j
Ludlow Mill from the Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company but did not resume mill
operations.
1
t
j
1
I,
J'
Camp Walker, on the north shore of the head of Port Ludlow, was a logging camp named after
Cyrus Walker, one of the original Puget Mill Company partners (McCurdy 1940). Camp Walker
later became a millworker settlement consisting of a row of company-built cabins in the Ludlow
Cove project area (McCaffrey 1991; Puget Mill Company ca. 1910; United States Army Corps of
Engineers 1944) (Figure 3). The three cabins within the project area were occupied in the early
1900s by Julius Johnson, Carl Anderson, and Mrs. Carrie Johnson (puget Mill Company ca.
1910); A fourth cabin, formerly on the east edge of the project area, was occupied by A. Be1trage
(puget Mill Company ca. 1910) (Figure 3). Census data from 1920 (United States Department of
the Census) provides information on the cabin occupants shown on the Puget Mill Company (ca.
1910) map. Julius Johnson, a 19-year-01d English born immigrant, lived with an uncle named
Ben Bennett, a farmer (United States Department of the Census 1920). Carl Anderson was a 70-
year-old Swedish laborer at the Port Ludlow Mill who lived with his wife, Clara, and their two
children (United States Department of the Census 1920). Carl and Clara Anderson's 26-year-old
son David, also worked in the mill as a laborer and their 20-year-old daughter, Amelia, worked
as a waitress in the hotel (United States Department of the Census 1920). Alvin Beltrage,
originally from Sweden, was a 55...year-old laborer at the Port Ludlow Mill in 1920 (United
States Department of the Census 1920). Alvin Beltrage lived with his wife, Charlene, and their
four children (United States Department of the Census 1920). Many of Port Ludlow's houses
and cabins, possibly including the cabins at Camp Walker, were moved to Silverdale during
World War II for use as emergency housing (Seattle Post-Intelligencer 1965). Other houses and
cabins were moved to Port Gamble or razed (Morgan 1955; Port Ludlow Planning Committee
1995:9).
'1
i
I
j
1
I
j
1
i
j
1
r
J
...
,
t,
J
1
j
1
I
[
],
Pope and Talbot used the south portion ofthe Ludlow Cove project area and Ludlow Cove as a
log storage dump after closure of the Port Ludlow Mill in 1935. Rafts oflogs were stored at Port
Ludlow for export or shipment to the Port Gamble Mill. A logging road was built along the
shoreline of the project area, probably in the 1940s, apparently to allow log trucks to deliver their
loads for rafting in the bay. A logging railroad was constructed along the northern edge of the
project area prior to 1944 (United States Army Corps of Engineers 1944).
IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND USE AND PROBABILITY FOR HUNTER-FISHER-
GATHERER AND HISTORIC PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
LAAS' probability estimates for hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, historic Indian, and
I historic period archaeological resources in the Ludlow Cove project area are based on a review of
i environmental, ethnographic, historic, and archaeological data. LAAS archaeologists determined
, J
that the Ludlow Cove project area has no probability for hunter-fisher-gatherer archaeological
resources prior to 6,000 years ago. Level areas on the top of the bluff along the shor<tiOOftTEM
I J # ' '2.. ~L-\ ~ _,,_,"""
-...rI .t
13 Page~OI,"--,-->>'
\ 'b e,t:V
N
-
o
...J
e
T""
-
o
...J
GJ
G:t'
\ J
-,
t;l
,I
,
'I::]
,
,
"
e
CO)
15
...J
o
...
l5 Q)'~
~ i ~cd
~ ~ [~
~ .5 E t)
:: .0 8Q,)
::J - .~
-, <( == e
r;;"1 ~ ~ Po
~~Q)Q,)
~>
c: a.O
o ....U
~ ~ ~
-a c: g. ,g
-, o::::!: 't:l
.~ ~ 3l ~
t: "0 CIl Q,)
c3 ~ a:I oS
. "C 0
~ a:s -
~ 0 =
GEl j
~
=
....
rJ)
c:
~
Q)
.l::
~
i
-0
Q)
'e-
o.
~
o
o
~
:0
::J
...J
I
I
I
0
0
It)
m
u..
0
..... z
LOG ITEM
O~
--J;L of
14 It; eeL-
fl
1'J
fl
1 j
n
j I
i J
P
1 J
n
. j
n
II
i 1
t J
c
:8
.~
~
~
~
u
Q)
oS
.S
tI)
.S
-i
u
~
~
o
~
]
<+-<
o
S
'J:j
Co;S
u
o
-
Q)
"S
8
.~
e
8.:
<
n
l!
n
11
, i
11
n
1 j
1 1
i J
T r
i '
4 1
1 ~
i .
i ,
(j
f1
1 j
~
rrl
~
....
~
j
I,
I
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
Ludlow Cove have a low probability for hunter-fisher-gatherer archaeological resources between
6,000 and 1,500 years ago, a high probability for hunter-fisher-gatherer archaeological resources
that date after 1,500 years ago, and a high probability for ethnographic period and historic period
archaeological resources. The rest of the project area has a low probability for hunter-fisher-
gatherer, ethnographic period, and historic Indian archaeological resources; The Ludlow Cove
project area has a high probability for historic period archaeological resour0e5.LAAS,based
their probability estimates on environmental data, prehistoric and historic land use in similar
geomorphic settings, and the ethnographic and historic context of the project area vicinity.
Land surfaces in the Ludlow Cove project area were probably first exposed around 15,000 years
ago, after glaciers and proglaciallakes retreated, however, the project area was a series of rolling
hills above the floodplain of Ludlow Creek and probably would not have been attractive to
hunter-fisher-gatherer groups. Around 6,000 years ago, the marine waters of Hood Canal began
inundating the lower reaches of Ludlow Creek. Waves eroded the base of the hills on the north
edge of the Ludlow Creek floodplain and formed the steep cut bank on the north shoreline of
Ludlow Cove. By 1,500 years ago, the intertidal zone and marine waters of Ludlow Cove were
productive habitat for shellfish, marine fish, anadromous fish moving up Ludlow Creek, and
waterfowl. The small areas with level ground surfaces were not suitable for residential bases or
field camps, but archaeological data from the marine shoreline of the Southern Puget Sound
basin indicates proliferation of seasonal, shore-term shellfish collecting and processing sites after
1,500 years ago. Single families or a few families gathered and processed shellfish, fished, and
hunted. The family groups often traveled from nearby villages or camps. In the Ludlow Cove"
project area, the small areas with level ground surfaces were the most likely areas for shellfish
gathering and processing locations. Significant hunter-fisher-gatherer resources within the last
1,500 years might include lithic tools or tool debris, FMR, hearths, shell, burned bone, postmolds
associated with frames for temporary shelters or meat drying racks, or human remains.
The Ludlow Cove project area has a high probability for significant ethnographic period
archaeological resources. The Klallam lived in seasonal camps and/or permanent houses at Port
Ludlow during the ethnographic and historic periods. The Klallam established camps or houses
in the mid-1800s as they occupied territory formerly held by the Chemakum. After construction
of the Port Ludlow Mill in 1853, some ofthe Klallam people moved into Port Ludlow to work at
the mill or to conduct trade with mill employees. Significant ethnographic period archaeological
deposits might consist of shell middens, fire hearths, lithic scatters, trade beads, metal blades,
copper bells, and bullet fragments.
j
The Ludlow Cove project has a high probability for significant historic Indian archaeological
resources. The Klallam did not move to the Skokomish Indian Reservation in 1854 as expected
by the U.S. Government. For the next several decades the Klallam lived near their traditional
homes and seasonal gathering places, including a large settlement at Port Gamble. Some of the
Klallam lived at Port Ludlow during the historic period, remaining on the south shore of Port
Ludlow until at least 1937, when many of the Klallam in the Hood Canal area moved to the
newly established Port Gamble Indian Reservation. Significant historic Indian archaeological
deposits wouktbe-simiJ:affo those expected for ethnographic period archaeological resources
with the addition of later artifact types, such as window glass, bottle glass, ammunitittlG \TEM
1/ _ 1 d-\ .~"_..",.. ,"
15 Page ---Jfi- of .--"
1.o~
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
cartridges, stove parts, porcelain, ceramics, and other late eighteenth and early nineteenth century
historic refuse.
The Ludlow Cove project area has a high probability for historic period archaeological resources.
Millworkers employed in the Port Ludlow Mill around the turn of the twentieth century lived in
cabins along the north shore of Port Ludlow near Camp Walker, a fonner logging camp at the
head of Port Ludlow. A few of these cabins, some occupied by Swedish immigrant millworkers
and their families in 1920, were within the Ludlow Cove project area. Significant historic period
archaeological resources might include privies, refuse dumps, or structural remains.
TRADITIONAL CULTURAL PLACES
LAAS did not identify any traditional cultural places in the Ludlow Cove project area through
consultation with the Port Gamble S , Klallam Tribe.
FIELD RECONNAISSANCE
FIELD METHODS
LAAS archaeologists Dennis Lewarch and Kurt Roedel conducted systematic field
reconnaissance of the Ludlow Cove project area on April 3 and April 4, 2003. Tribal monitors
from the Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe were invited to accompany LAAS archaeologists during
field , reconnaissance, but were'unable to attend.
LAAS archaeologists traversed pedestrian transects at between.approximately five and 20 meter
(16.4 and 65.6 feet) intervals and excavated shovel probes in intervals between approximately
five and 20 meters (16.4 and 65.6 feet) along selected transects, on a bluff inland from secondary
shell midden materials identified in a cut bank on the shoreline of Ludlow Cove.
LAAS archaeologists excavated vertical-sided shovel probes approximately 35 centimeters (1.1
feet) wide and to between 20 and 60 centimeters (0.7 and 2.0 feet) below ground surfaces,
depending on subsurface conditions. Shovel probe depth was limited by glacial till, identified as
yellowish-brown sand with round pebbles and cobbles. LAAS archaeologists screened matrices
through lI8-inch mesh screen mounted on a shaker screen and did not, at any time, excavate
shovel probes within the known site boundaries of 45JE207 or 45JE208. LAAS archaeologists
also used a shovel to expose cut bank deposits along the shoreline of Ludlow Cove.
Archaeologists photographed the project area and recorded observations regarding subsurface
stratigraphy, disturbances, topography, and vegetation on LAAS Shovel Probe Forms, Daily
Tracking Logs, and Photograph Logs. All forms and photographs are on file at LAAS.
LOG I~M
# 2-0<{
Pa~!e ~ of "_.._~."
1-\ ~
16
r
1
t
r
r '
1
r
r
L
r
f'
i
L
f>
j
i ,
L
r
f'
1
L
n
; i
1 j
!l
t j
U
11
11
t J
1 1
i i
l j
11
j !,
tJ
! f
1
l. j
1 T
l' :
.I
1-
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
,
j
FIELD RESULTS
1
LAAS archaeologists identified the remnants of two archaeological sites, 45JE207 and 45JE208.
In LAAS' opinion, neither site is significant.
1
j
SITE 45JE207
LAAS archaeologists identified a small deposit of intact shell midden associated with Site
45JE207,. secondary shell midden material exposed in the cut bank on the shoreline of Ludlow
Cove, and historic artifacts on the beach surface, that in LAAS' opinion, are probably not
significant (Figure 4).
1
j
]
l
J
LAAS archaeologists excavated shovel probes at varying intervals on a level area on the bluff
top, inland from the site boundaries for 45JE207 recorded by Kenady (1992b, 1992g), and
identified one small area of intact shell midden deposits, measuring approximately 25 meters (82
feet) wide and 12 meters (40 feet) long. Mr. Lewarch and Mr. Roedel staked a buffer around the
inland extent of intact shell midden deposits. Wave erosion has destroyed nearly all of Site
45JE207.
]
j
1
j
1
j
LAAS archaeologists also noted historic period artifacts, such as amethyst glass, earthenware,
and stoneware fragments, and a sawcut bone exposed on the beach surface (Figure 4), but did not
identify intact historic period features, such as historic debris scatters or dump sites, on the
ground surface or in shovel probes on the bluff top. LAAS archaeologists excavated additional
shovel probes on level areas along the bluff edge, but did not identify any archaeological
reS01.U'ces (Figure 4). Vegetation included Douglas fir, Western hemlock, Western red cedar,
swordfern, bracken fern, swordfern (polystichum munitum), and salal (Gaultheria shallon).
r
j
I
1
]
SITE 45JE208
LAAS archaeologists identified two areas of intact shell midden associated with Site 45JE208
and four areas with secondary shell midden material exposed in the cut bank on the shoreline of
Ludlow Cove, that in LAAS' opinion, are probably not significant (Figure 4).
LAAS archaeologists walked a pedestrian transect along the north shoreline of Ludlow Cove,
exposing cut bank deposits with a shovel, and observed shell midden materials and two historic
period earthenware fragments associated with Site 45JE208 (Figure 4). Exposures of native
littleneck and butter. clam shell, charcoal, and FMR occurred at irregular intervals along the
eroding shoreline cut bank of Ludlow Cove. In 1992, Kenady (1992c) defined the boundaries of
Site 45JE208 as a continuous deposit of shell midden, but Kenady's site boundaries do not seem
feasible given the evidence of ground disturbance and discontinuous distribution of shell deposits
observed by LAAS archaeologists in April 2003. Kenady (I 992c) marked areas on the shoreline
as part of Site 45JE208 that had been disturbed by construction and logging operations before
1992. The disturbed areas could not have had exposures of intact shell midden in 1992.
Secondary shell midden materials were eroding out of the shoreline cut bank and were in contact
with glacial till, which LAAS archaeologists identified as yellowish-brown sand with t9G 'TEM
'f-cf1
-- ~~""
9i of ,,--=
2.,1- teL-
1
I
j
i
j
17
#
Page
It
e
'\, .\\
0-
N
~
.....
ero
.- (I)
0....
a.e::(
J:: .2
o C
roo
(1).-
ma.
ro
.~
.... (I)
..oVJCI)lO
N:t:::t::::E
~ 8 B c
..... a. en (I)
-(I)"t)-o
>- C J!! "0
~15:e~
C-Oe::(
~:2-o
>- ::E .g
.0 = (I)
-0(1)0..
(l)J::
"E ~ .g
8 v .9
(I) J!I .!!
O:::..=::Z::
~
8
3:
.Q
-g
-I
n
roC')
~ ~ P
"fi g .g
ro...l 0
~ ~ g
- CI> 00
'g'~ -g
a. Jj Co::!
.2 ~~
5:2,E
a; ._::J ~
J:: a. l!! I=l
en ,g 8 0
~ -O:E 00
S ro (/) .t::
C a.Ow 00
8 ro 0::: E 0
0..1:: e fr
~o:o~-e
~ 5
151:g
I ~ 's
n
n
IJ
n
Il
T~IIl_~
.J.
n
u
(l)ro
> (I)
0....
Ue::(
~"t)
O.!l!.
=6e
.3 a.
18
#
Page
I~ . "
.1
-
-
Q)
.;J
.....
g
1==loci
.::1 0
bIlN
.S~
~1O
o .'<f'
.;J2
. ...
fG(/)
~
o
~8
Q)N
~~
~'<f'
..... Q)
;::s .t::
o(/)
-g ~
Co::!cS
~ Q)
fG.S
;>0-
8 e
p..]
-00
~'-
o 0
~~
J!3~
g"S
00 (.)
~.S
-;
a.s
'.s ~
fG El
il=l
~ Q)
-e
.-e
~'s
~,'
.....
~
EM
1 1
! I
I I
jj
i 1
tj
1]
! ]
I ]
q
i i
j j
f l.
U
I]
:J~
, 1
I ~
l j
1 r
I J
"
r4
..--=---"
\..:l
l~_~~_~..
U- of
1-'3 eeL
n
IJ
e
e
n
n
n
J
1
-1
J
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
pebbles and cobbles. LAAS archaeologists then walked a pedestrian transect along the bluff top,
approximately 20 feet (6.1 meters) above the shell midden materials that were noted in the cut
bank of the shoreline (Figure 4). Most of the inland landform adjacent to the bluffhad been
disturbed and appeared to have been leveled, possibly from construction activities associated
with a log dump. Mr. Lewarch and Mr. Roedel identified a small area measuring seven meters
(23 feet}wide and six meters (20 feet) long, on the top of the contemporary bluff with intact shell
midden deposits that was outside of the site boundaries recorded by Kenady (1992c), and staked
a buffer around the inland extent of the deposits (Figure 4). Post-construction activities most
likely pushed intact shell midden deposits over the bluff edge to areas above the shoreline. Shell
midden materials along the shoreline noted by Kenady (1992c, 1992f) appear to be secondary
deposits that originated on the bluff top.__~______.____
1
1
J
LAAS archaeologists also identified a small portion of intact shell midden deposits associated
with 45JE208, outside of the site boundaries recorded by Kenady (1992c), eroding from an
exposed bluff above the Beach Point Picnic Area (Figure 4). Mr. Roedel and Mr. Lewarch noted
native litteneck and butter clam shells and FMR on the ground surface and in shovel probes on
the bluff top, inland from the exposed deposits, and staked a buffer around the inland boundaries
of the deposit (Figure 4). This area measured 16 meters (52 feet) wide and nine meters (30 feet)
long. Immature vegetation, a dirt road leading to the Beach Point Picnic Area, and the disturbed
nature of the landform suggest that the area was a gravel quarry (Figure 4). Quarrying operations
removed shell midden deposits that once extended south towards Ludlow Cove. The small area
with intact.shell midden deposits is a remnant of what was once a much larger site.
j
1
LAAS archaeologists walked pedestrian transects and placed shovel probes in level areas outside
of the site boundaries for 45JE207 and 45JE208. Mr. Lewarch and Mr. Roedel noted that much
of the Ludlow Cove project area was disturbed from log dump operations that cut the landform
and pushed soil over the bluff edge (Figure 4). Quarrying operations near Beach Point Picnic
Area also cut the landform and removed intact deposits of shell midden (Figure 4). Vegetation in
the southern portion of the project area included immature alders and invasive plant species that
are indicative of recent disturbance. Areas north of the log dump and quarry are steeply sloped
and would be unlikely to have significant hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, and
historic Indian archaeological resources. LAAS archaeologists did not identify any remains
associated with the Camp Walker cabins, which were moved to Silverdale during Wodd War II.
The Ludlow Cove project area outside of the site boundaries recorded by LAAS (Appendices 3
and 4) has a low probability for significant hunter-tisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, historic
Indian archaeological resources because the project area has been eroding over the past 6,000
years due to wave activity, log dump operations, quarrying activities, and the steepness of the
landform north of historic and recent disturbance. The Ludlow Cove project area has a low
probability for significant historic period archaeological resources because the cabins associated
with Camp Walker were removed during Wodd War II.
19
#-
Page
LOG HEM
1.....ol1 _
~ of <",
1..- ~ cid--
Small areas with intact archaeological deposits associated with Site 45JE207 and Site 45JE208
retain integrity of location and condition. But, the small volume of intact midden deposits, low
diversity of shell and FMR classes observed in cut bank exposures, absence of features in cut
bank exposures, and shallow midden deposits (between 20 and 30 centimeters (8 and 12 inches)
in thickness from the contemporary ground surface) combine to limit the research potential of
Site 45JE207 and 45JE208. The intact deposits do not have the potential to contribute
information important to regional history or prehistory, and are probably not significant.
LOG ITErV!
ZD<y
Cfif of __.~"
1--c; ce-
e
It
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
CONCLUSIONS
Port Ludlow retained LAAS to conduct an archaeological resources and traditional cultural
places asseSsment for the Ludlow Cove Project, in Jefferson County, Washington. Jefferson
County issued a threshold Mitigated Determination of Non -Significance and placed Conditions
of Approval and Mitigation Measures on the development of the project area, including: I) the
completion of a final archaeological report with recommended conditions of development, and 2)
staking shell midden boundaries for Sites 45JE207 and 45JE208 prior to earth moving activities.
Jefferson County also developed protocols in the event that archaeological resources are
inadvertently discovered during land development activities.
45JE207
LAAS archaeologists conducted field reconnaissance and identified shell midden deposits
associated with Site 45JE207 eroding from a bluff top and in the cut bank of the shoreline of
Ludlow Cove, and noted historic period artifacts on the beach surface that may have been
associated with millworker cabins in the Camp Walker vicinity. LAAS archaeologists identified
intact shell midden deposits inland and outside the site boundaries for 45JE207 recorded by
Kenady (1992c), but did not identify historic period remains. Mr. Lewarch and Mr. Roedel
staked a buffer around the one small pocket of intact shell midden deposits of Site 45JE207.
Wave erosion has destroyed all but one small remnant of what once was a much larger site.
45JE208
LMS archaeologists conducted field reconnaissance and identified two small pockets of intact
shell midden deposits along the bluff top and staked a buffer around the existing deposits. The
intact shell midden deposits on the bluff top were outside of the site boundaries recorded for Site
45JE208 by Kenady (1992c). LAAS archaeologists also observed four areas with secondary
shell midden materials in the cut bank of the shoreline of Ludlow Cove. Archaeological material
exposed at irregular intervals at the base of the contemporary bluff most likely originated on the
top of the bluff, however, construction activities associated with the log dump pushed shell
midden deposits over the bluff edge. Quarry operations and wave erosion in the east portion of
the site has left only a small amount of intact deposits. Shell deposits exposed in the cut bank of
the shoreline are currently eroding and are secondary deposits from the bluff top.
#
Page
20
n
rJ
f1
j j
ni
n
n
n
n
II
1J
n
1 j
J
n
i i
jj
'..J
I
I
lJ
11
1 J
I !
! 1
d
j 1
u
11
'~-'-~." LJ
i ~
J
1
e
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
i
~
Log dump activities, quarry operations, and the removal of Camp Walker cabins during World
War IT probably destroyed any significant hunter-fisher-gatherer, ethnographic period, historic
Indian, or historic period archaeological resources in the Ludlow Cove project area.
1
I.
j
RECOMMENDATIONS
J
1
1
j
· The intact portions of Sites 45JE207 and 45JE208 are probably not significant, however,
shell middens often have associated human remains. LAAS recommends that a professional
archaeologist monitor ground disturbing activities within the staked buffer areas of Site
45JE207 and Site 45JE208 to ensure compliance with Jefferson County's protocols for the
inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources or human remains (Figure 5).
1
1
j
· Jefferson County developed five protocols in the event that archaeological resources are
inadvertently di~covered during land development activities, including: .
]
1) Stopping work to avoid further disturbance to the area or removing any
materials;
2) Notifying the Jefferson County Director of Developmental Review;
1
.1:
j
3) Protecting the area from vandals and collectors;
1
J
4) Having a qualified archaeologist evaluate the site and make recommendations
for further work in the area; and
5) Obtaining a permit from the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation
if further excavation or disturbance of the site is necessary.
1
1
,
~
21
LOG ITEM
# 1-0~~..~.~~
Page j;f(_ ot .-.,~<."^'-
~L, oa--.
e
e
\~
\
ero
.0 e
0..<(
J:: .2
oc
roo
(1).-
mo..
~
<3
3:
,S2
-g
-J
,
'''1
~J
(l)ro
~e
U<(
~t)
O.~
-0
-0....
.3 a.
C)
C
.~
.9
.2
o
::E
B
'51
o
(5
(I)
ro
J::
~
....
.e
-0
(I)
"0
C
(I)
E
E
8
~
l/)
ro
e
<(
e
.
11II(
~J
Q)
(I)
u.
o
z
c-,
[, J
n
i J
g
o
N
o
...I
...I
16
Q)
c:
'6>
c:
w
0)
.5
~ at
:5 -e
o 5
~ -e
f3~
g 's
.l::_
lit '0
~.;J
Q) .....
~ g
-a
....
n
n
;
l J
1
!
i
J
11
jl
. j
]
~
~
N
~
~
-9
...::,
.S
OIl
.~
.s
'S
~
]
'50
o
]
..s:::::
~
~
cS
i
]
~
o
C)
e
gj
~
]
1
1
J
I
l
j
1
J
i 1
: L
< j
11
;
j
,
22
#
Page
1- 6~ ~..
'Dh of.
z.. 7 oEL-
r'
Ifl
u
e
e
n
n
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
BmLIOGRAPHY
r)
1
1
1
Brubaker, Linda B.
1991 Climate Change and the Origin of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Forests in the Puget Sound
Lowland. In Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-Fir Forests, edited by
Leonard F. Ruggiero, Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark F. Huff, pp. 17-24.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station,
General Technical Report PNW-GTR-285. Portland.
1
!
j
Castile, George Pierre (editor)
1985 The Indians of Puget Sound: The Notebooks of Myron Eells. University of Washington
Press, Seattle.
Coman, Edwin T. and Helen M. Gibbs
1949 Time, Tide and Timber: A Century of Pope and Talbot. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, California.
Elmendorf, William
1990 Chemakum. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 438-440. Handbook of
North American Indians, Vol. 7, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.
1992 The Structure ofTwana Culture. Washington State University Press, Pullman.
Eronen, Matti, Tuovi Kankainen, and Matsuo Tsukada
1987 Late Holocene Sea Level Record in a Core from the Puget Lowland, Washington.
Quaternary Research 27:147-159.
ESM Consulting Engineers LLC
2003 Ludlow Cove Wetland Buffer Averaging Exhibit & Conceptual Landscape Plan,
Jefferson County, Washington. ESM Consulting Engineering LLC, Federal Way,
Washington.
Fish; Harriet U.
1988 Fish Tales of Port Gamble and Port Ludlow. Harriet U. Fish, Carlsburg, Washington.
Gunther, Ema
1927 Kla1lam Ethnography. University of Washington Publications in Anthropology,
1(5):171-314.
Hitchman, Robert
1985 Place Names of Washington. Washington State Historical Society, OlympiaLOG iTEM
#_ 1:d---
Page ~ of _c__.~
~~~
23
e
e
r..,
U
Port Ludlow.Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
n
j J
Hunt, Gerald A.
1970a Site 45JE80H-Port Ludlow-Sawmill and Towns. Master Site File. On file at the Office
of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
n
1970b Port Ludlow-Sawmill and Towns. National Register of Historic Places Inventory-
Nomination Form. On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation,
Olympia.
n
! i
J1
(}Jefferson County Historical Society
,r 1966 With Pride In Heritage. Jefferson County Historical Society, Port Townsend,
Washington.
J1
I j
11
Johnson, Samuel Y., Shawn V. Dadisman, Jonathan R. Childs, and William D. Stanley
1999 Active Tectonics of the Seattle Fault and Central Puget Sound, Washington-Implications
for Earthquake Hazards. Geological Society of America Bulletin 111(7):1042-1053.
il
1 j
l J
Kenady, Stephen M.
1992a 45JE206. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
p
, r
J~
, ,
11
, f
lJ
1992b 45JE207. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
. Office. of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia
u
1992c 45JE208. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
if
r
d
1992d 45JE209. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
! 1-
; i
,: i
j j
1992e 45JE210. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic PreserVation, Olympia.
1 ]
U
1992f Archaeological Inventory and Management Recommendationsfor the 1992 Port Ludlow
Development Program, Jefferson County, Washington. Cultural Resource Management,
Eastsound,. Washington. Prepared for Pope Resources, Poulsbo, Washington.
1J
1992g Preliminary Findings on Archaeological and Related Issues at Port Ludlow. Letter
from Stephen A. Kenady, Cultural Resource Management, Eastsound, Washington, to
Tony Puma, Pope Resources, Seattle, Washington. 21 April.
1 1
i l
i I
o
, 1
] ,
! t-
i j
1993 45JE211. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
On file at the
LOG ITEM
# _ Z-o~
Page ~ of
1--1 c-~t--
11:
, !
U
f 1
; i
1j
24
I:
n
fl
n
n
n
rl
tit
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1994 Archaeological Inventory of Scott Subdivision-Port Ludlow. Letter from Cultural
Resources Management, Eastsound, Washington to Louis Scott, Port Ludlow,
Washington. 22 May.
Kenady, Stephen M. and Carolyn Dillian
1998 Archaeological Construction Monitoring at the Kimble Property, Port Ludlow,
Washington. Report submitted to Lander Homes, Port Ludlow. 8 October.
Kenady, Stephen M., Bryn Thomas, and Daris Swindler
1994 Recovery and Reinternment of Human Remains at Site 45JE206, Port Ludlow, Jefferson
County, Washington. Cultural Resource Management, Eastsound, Washington.
Prepared for Pope Resources, Poulsbo, Washington.
'1
j
McCa.tlrey, Valerie
1991 The Wemers of Werner Road. Port Townsend Leader 6 February:B-l.
1
I
]
McCurdy, Dick
1940 Oldtime Walker Mansion at Port Ludlow Doomed. Seattle Times 22 June.
]
.]
McDonald, Lucile
1958 Disappearance ofa Lumber Town. Seattle Times 16 November:Magazine3.
T
j
Morgan, Murray
1955 The Last Wilderness.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Plut, Harry George
1988 Harry George Plut, Sr. M.D. Interview Transcript. Interview by Anne Murphy on July 6,
1988. Witness to the First Century: 1889-1989, Vol. 16. Jefferson County Historical
Society Oral History Project, Jefferson County Historical Society, Port Townsend,
Washington. Prepared for Washington State Centennial Special Projects, Olympia.
Plut, Dorothy Wilkes
1988 Dorothy Wilkes Plut Interview Transcript. Interview by Anne Murphy on July 6, 1988.
Witness to the First Century: 1889-1989, Vol. 16. Jefferson County Historical Society
Oral History Project, Jefferson County Historical Society, Port Townsend, Washington.
Prepared for Washington State Centennial Special Projects, Olympia.
Porter, Stephen C. and Terry W. Swanson
1998 Radiocarbon Age Constraints on Rates of Advance and Retreat of the Puget Lobe of the
Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Research 50:205-213.
Port Ludlow Planning Company
1995 Port Ludlow Community 20 Year Plan. Port Ludlow Planning Committee, Port Ludlow,
Washington. LOG rtEM
#~
25 page ~o c6l--
e
tit
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
fJ
J
Puget Mill Company
ca Blueprint Map of Camp Walker Vicinity. On file at the Port Gamble Museum and
1910 Archives, Port Gamble, Washington.
n
Roedel, Kurt W., Dennis E. Lewaich, and Lynn L. Larson
2003 Ludlow Cove Archaeological Resources and Traditional Cultural Places Assessment,
Jefferson County, Washington. Letter from Larson Anthropological Archaeological
Services Limited, Gig Harbor, Washington, to Mark Dorsey, Port Ludlow Associates
LLC, Port Ludlow, Washington. 29 April.
q
1 J
Ruby, Robert H. and John A. Brown
1992 A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. University of Oklahoma Press,
Norman.
n
11
Seattle Genealogical Society
1980 Washington Territory Donation Land Claims. Seattle Genealogical Society, Seattle.
11
u
f1
H
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1965 Your Town and Mine. Seattle Post-Intelligencer 13 June:Pictorial Review 6.
11
11
Sherrod, Brian L., Robert C. Bucknam, and Estella B. Leopold
2000 Holocene Relative Sea Level Changes Along the Seattle Fault at Restoration Point,
Washington. Quaternary Research 54:384-393.
11
;J
Thorson, Robert M.
1980 Ice-Sheet Glaciation of the Puget Lowland, Washington, During the Vashon Stade (Late
Pleistocene). QuaternaryResearch 13:303-321.
11
. i
I J
1981 Isostatic Effects of the Last Glaciation in the Puget Lowland, Washington. U. S.
Geological Survey, Open-File Report 81-370.
1
i
J
United States Army Corps of Engineers
1944 Aerial Photo Northwest Sector 16-21. United States Army Corps of Engineers,
Washington D.C. On file at Map Library~ University of Washington Libraries, Seattle.
1
!
i
I
j
United States Department of the Census
1920 Fourteenth Census of the United States. Enumeration District 31, Sheet 6A, Ludlow
Township, Jefferson County, Washington.
1
l
i
j
United States Department of Commerce
1841 Port Ludlow, Hoods Canal, Oregon Territory. Map of Port Ludlow by the United States
Exploratory Expedition. On file Historic Map Collection, Map Library, University of
Washington Libraries, Seattle.
26
#-
PiiQe
LOG ITEM
~o~
~6 of
~ I e.a..
J
I 1-
j
It
e
Port Ludlow Archaeological Resources Assessment, Jefferson County, Washington
1
I I
1
I j
United States Geological Survey
1973 Port Ludlow Quadrangle, Washington 7.5 x 15 Minute Series (Topographic). United
States Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
1
J
1
1
United States Surveyor General
1859 General Land Office Survey Notes, Township 28 North, Range 1 East,Willamette
Meridian. On file at the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia.
1860 General Land Office Survey Map, Township 28 North, Range 1 East, Willamette
Meridian. On file at the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia.
1
j
1863 General Land Office Survey Map, Township 28 North, Range 1 East, Willamette
Meridian. On file at the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia.
1
j
Waterman, T. T.
ca. Puget Sound Geography. Unpublished manuscript on file Pacific Northwest
1920 Library, University of Washington, Seattle.
1
Whitlam, R.
1992a 45JE203. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
1
j
I I
1992b 45JE204. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
Whitlock, Cathy
1992 Vegetational and Climatic History of the Pacific Northwest during the Last 20,000
Years: Implications for Understanding Present-Day Biodiversity. The Northwest
Environmental Journal 8:5-28.
1
j
Wilkes, Charles
1845 Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840,
1841, 1842. Volume 4. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.
~
f
.)
Williams, R. Walter, Richard M. Laramie, and James J. Ames
1975 Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization, Volume I, Puget Sound Region.
Washington State Department of Fish eries, Olympia.
j
j
#
Paqe
LOG ITEM
~-
?r of_ ~.
'? 2- eEl--
27
I 1-
, j
e
e
, 1
1
]
]
I
1
}
APPENDIX 1
INDIVIDUALS AND AGENCIES CONTACTED
: 1
I i
, ]
I r
#
Page
LOG ITEM
~'1--
of_~
? ~ eeL--
1
1
1
e
e
Individuals and Agencies Contacted
1
j
Bowen, Mike, Principal, Senior Survey Project Manager, ESM Consulting Services LLC,
e-mail, April 16, 2003.
]
1
Charles, Janet, Research Specialist, Department of Natural Resources, Public Land Survey
Office, fax, March 21, 2003.
Ron Charles, Chairperson, Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, letter, March 28,2003.
Dorsey, Mark, Project Manager, Port Ludlow Associates LLC, telephone, March 26 and April 2,
2003; e-mail, March 26 and 27, and April 7, 15, and 16,2003; meeting, April 2, 2003.
1
;
J
Hebert, Marie, Cultural Representative, Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe, letter, March 28, 2003,
fax, April 1, 2003; telephone April 9 and 28,2003; and e-mail, April 22, 2003.
1
1
Hill, Zee, Administrative Assistant, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, telephone,
April 14, 2003.
]
Labee, Ted, Habitat Biologist/Cultural Representative, Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe, letter,
March 28,2003, fax, April 1, 2003.
1
j
Smith, Shana, Museum Director, Port Gamble Museum, meeting, April 23, 2003.
I
Waterhouse Sr., Joe, Port Gamble S'Klallam Elder and former Port Hadlock Resident, telephone,
May 6, 2003.
I
LOG iTEM
#. 1-0:-' --
--
Page ~ of ----
34 eEL--
1
j
e
1
1
J
1
~
j
1
j
1
j
]
1
r
1
1
1
1
J
j
_J
i
Appendix 2
TRIBAL CORRESPONDENCE
e
LOG iTEM
#_ 2-0~ --
Page ~ oi ...-.=
3< cCL-
t
1
r
1
!
...
].. - .
1. ','
1
T'
j .,. ,
l'
~
.r
~
1
j ,
1
I
j
r
I
}
L
,
I -
j'
j
1
I
j.
e."
'\
e
- "
(
"<'
, ,
\.
y"
,. ,
) . ,
. .A
- S
.' A
LARSOI'I" "
"". I
, ..
ANTHROPOLOGICAL
'-',
ARCHAEOLO~ICAL
SERVICES,-
. L1MITED-..
"
dl'~\'
~"'1li .- ,~
~ ,,( ~, -,
I\:'}.:~T-:~':.' '
'c/lr:)~ ~; /
\. ,;,
...
March 28, 2003
__ Ron Charles, Chairperson.
Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe
. 31912 Little Boston Road '
Kingston, Washington 98346
//
-.
,.
./
Subject: Ludiow Cove Archaeological R.e'sources and Traditio~~tgu1turalPlacesAssessinel}t, .',
\ !. efferson ~ounty, W ashing!o~ '. ----- . - ',', 'i --, ..
Dear Ml.:Charles: - ~~
" /'
, ' , , '.
j .
./
..,
i
. ,.
\
./ / . /"l....._ ,........ _ .~ . \. \r'~'l . '../. ~ . '~"
.Port L:ud!~~ Assoc~ates '.~I,.C !et$ed LarSon Anthropological A1:ch~9ol~oigical Servi6es Lf~itedf ,-:' t, .
~) In March2Q03 to conduc~ an archae910gical resources and ~ditional cu1turalplaces '. l r ~
assessin~t for the ,approved Prel~ary Pl~l'ofLu,~low Cove. The project site i~ lo.catecl-along C'~ ,.' '. '
the northern shoreline, ~fLucUo;W Bay'south of Admiralty ~et and approximately 0.75 miles " ~
.southwest of the Ludlow Bay Resort and Port Ludlo-wMarina;; The project area is in ~ection t71
Township 2~ Nort4, Range. 1 East, Willamette Meridian, in'Jefferson County, WaShiIlgton (See !
Fl'gure 1)' . . v , . . -: ,. - / . ~'-
. ". " '. ..... -- ".'
. '
. .~ I \.
A Sta.te EnvirOn.ment Polity Act (SEP A) Enviromriental Review has been completed for th~.
approved Preliminary Plat 9fLud\ow'Cov~, with a threshold,Mitigated Determination ofNon~ ~ .
Significance (MONS) issued by JeffersonCounty (SUB.-95-00003)on 26 JUne 2002:~ Condjtions
!Jf Approval and Mitigation MeasUres place4 on development of the P~9ject area include: 1) The " "
completion of a final archaeological report with recommended conditions of development, and .
2) Staking shell middeJ.l boundaries for two existing archaeological sites prior to earth-mpvirig
activities. In addition, Jefferson 'County has developed protocols in the event that archaeological
r,esources are inadvertently discovered' durin~land development activities. '
.' .
. '. . ' . ,"
Port Ludlow Associates LLC propose~to'begindevelopment of the 27.75 acres into five sepat~te ~
tracts in the Spiing of2003. One tract is for the construction of 17 sit.1gl~-family residential lots,
~o tracts are for future development of a Condomiriium Binding Site Plan, and three tracts '
placed into common open space. Open spacetracts Will.provide project buffering, critical ar~a
enhancement, and passive and active recreation areas.' fu addition to'the 17 single-family ,
residential lots, the development will include a beach picnic area, new and existing trails, a-
pedestrian bridge and public access roads.
.,
LOG.FfEM
#. ?~
Page' : ~~. ~~
7700 PIONEER WAY
. .
.SUITE 101 "
GIG HARBOR
\ WAStllNGTON
, .98335.116<4
\ "
. TEL: 1253) 858.1<411
"',
. I
; -'
e
e
Construction activities for the app.roved Preliminary Plat of Ludlow Cove will include logging,
temporary erosion/sedimentation control, clearing, grubbing, grading, underground utilities
(storm drainage, water, sanitary sewer, cable, phone & power), landscaping, paving for new
roads, and construction of a community trail system. Excavation depths will vary depending
upon the construction activity, however, the maximum depth is estimated at 15-18 feet below
ground surface for footing and underground utilities.
LAAS' archaeological resources and traditional cultural places assessment for the approved
Preliminary Plat of Ludlow Cove consists of archival and literature review, agency consultation,
field reconnaissance, and production of a technical report. Weare currently gathering existing
archaeological, historic, etbnograp~c, and historic Indian data from the Washington State Office
of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, University of Washington Libraries, Seattle Public
Library, and the Jefferson County Library. However, we are aware that the Port Gamble
S , Klallam Tribe may have information gathered from elders regarding the project area and/or the
Tribe may currently use areas for traditional cultural activities near the proposed project.
We encourage the Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe's cultural.representative to contact us if the
Tribe has information that might be useful in the assessment. We also understand that traditional
cultural use areas are private, but would welcome the opportunity to work with the Tribe
regarding incorporation of this type of information in a secure and respectful manner. Please
contact us at 1-888-631-6131 or Leonard ForSman" at lforsman.laas@attglobal.net at your'earliest
convenience if you would like to discuss the matter further. Otherwise, Mr. Forsman will
contact the Tribe's cultural representative within a week. Please contact LAAS archaeologist
Kurt Roedel at the above number orkroede1.laas@attglobal.net if you would like to have a tribal
member accompany LAAS archaeologists during field reconnaissance.
Sincerely,
~J, ~~
Lynn L. Larson
Principal Investigator
cc: Marie Hebert, Cultural Representative, Port Gamble S , Klallam Tribe
Ted Labee, Habitat Biologist, Cultural Representative, Port Gamble S 'Klallam Tribe
Mark Dorsey, Project Engineer, Port Ludlow Associates LLC
If_
P3.0e
.....
LOG ITEM
.~.
;t of
37 DCL-
n
j-j
n
11
1 j
n
n
j:
J j
'1
1.
U
11
fl
j J
, I
i j
i1
i l
U
11
U
il
J j
11
d
1 1
i .I
11
I r
LI
1, 1
1 j
i1
I I
d
j
1
j
1-
j
e
e
1
i
r
j
~'.
\..
$
,
I
1
j
i 1
. -'
g-
.
Iff'
\\ \. ~....~' -', ''"otr~ ................. -.....-...-......
"~~~:~'~~'-') ..
", ~),.....,) )..:
'-, '
.', I.
. " ( \. f
\, '\ '. .-.1
'\ \
~::1. \..... .~
.,
-.::.~..
~ ,-
:X~I
,.<~.
. .~,
'':~'\..
Ie,/;
1'-..
1
f
]
Hood Canal
"
. r
'." .,'
i .
\
",
...........,..
1
j
"
\ . ~~
. .
..
-.,
'''''-
1
1
...............
'"
'-,
'.
1
l
j
( ..
'_.. ' I ;,
j
it
;.-0
"..J
~.
t:::J.
'V
1
J
'1
f
j
1
i
)
1
I
j
j
21\
.\. ,".....
1
f
r
.J
-"!r
1 f
i.:....
/ I.....,.
. . ,
t
N
o
I
0.5
I
Ludlow Cove Project Area
Mile
Figure 1. Location of the Ludlow Cove project area.
'.-
l'
Jl
l'
1
,
!
1
]
1
j '.
~
1\
L~,
'-
1
I
J
1 '
j .'
1
~
1 -
~ '
1
r
j
1
I
j .
1.
i
[
) .
1
i .'
I
1
I
J
i,
,'e
\ '-
--.e.;.
- \
, -.
/;'lll~~::'( ,
\',t\h .
ji'll~~,~~:< .
;.,r,!t,:; ,~: ;
s
\...
~ARSON
_,'ANTHROPOLOGICAL.
\
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
~ERVICES
LIMITED
A
1.-
"
, ,
-:-
'~
Memorandum
::.
.-
TO:
"
Marie Hebert; Cu1~ Represent~tive>Port Gamble S '~allmn. -l'ribe ," .,
. I Ted Labee, Habitat Biologist, Cultural RePresentative, Port Gamble ~ 'lGallam.
\ . "".,
Tribe' \ .... ,. ' " ":", "
. FROM:' .. ~'1L.~n;~d~t, ~ ~~o)ogiCa1 Are~lOgiC~ervi~':,.. .
'-, \. ~kuted (LAAS)' '-- . , ", . ( '~., ..J ' .
..'_'-,~ -: ~":'/< . "I . ' "-..../ (:!- "'. f.,,'. .' '\"
I ' ,
DA T~:,,' tpryl/, ~.oq3. ;__,;' :' ... ~ . \ ... -:'_,' _ ' " i, . ,
. \ - SUBJECT~ .? Prop~~~d-Ludlo~ G_~~~ Pr"oje~J ;,' Arc~;eol~gic~ Field",:ork, (L'
...... ......"../ .., .........
,:/'
,
".
\ .
~, '\
!
. \
! -'
"
-..., ,
- ,\
- -
- LAAS will be conducting ~chaeological fieldwork for the proposed Ll:ldlpw Coye Project,on
Thursday, April 2 and Friday, April 3, 2003, between 8:30 AM arid 5:00 PM. Fieldwork Will be
con4ucted on the rtorii}.,shore QfLudlow"Cove, eaSl arid sO}lth ofParadfse:-B~y Road. Please
contat,! LAAS archaeolo~st Kurt Roedel at 253-8~8~ 14 11 if you have any questions, or ~ou1d
like a'tribal memper-to accomp~y Mr. Roedel. / )
. .
"-
....,..
.I
. .\,..
/" '
~
.. ,
".
'.
.....
. . LOG \TEI\~
#~~-
,Page' .~ O'f_-"
.~~ ~
'.
.,
770Q PIONEER WAY..
SUITE Hil .
GIG HARB.OR '
WASHINGTON
, 98335.116~ \;~
TEL: (253 J 858.1411
e
e
Page 1 of I
,-~
j ,
I.
l.
f'
!
Leonard Forsman
! I
" ,
From:
To:
Cc:
Sent:
Subject:
Leonard Forsman - LAAS <laas03@attglobal.net>
<marieh@pgst.nsn.us>
Lynn Larson <lIarson.laas@attglobal.net>
Tuesday, April 22, 2003 5:30 PM
Ludlow Cove Archaeological Assessment
n i
I j
Marie,
n
i .,
1 !
i J
I have some further clarification on the Ludlow Cove project. LAAS has completed their field survey of the
project area. As I related to you during our telephone call, there two recorded archaeological sites (45JE207
and 45JE208), along the shoreline of the project area. The archaeological sites were recorded by Steve
Kenady in 1992 and consist of shell, fire modified rock, animal bone, and historic artifacts. During our field
survey we determined that three areas of intact shell midden are within the boundaries of 45JE207 and
45JE208. The remainder of the shell midden has eroded away or has been disturbed during earlier land use
activities, most likely logging operations.
n
1 j
II
11
1 j
LAAS has flagged a buffered area around the intact portions of the shell midden to protect the intact site
deposits from disturbance during project construction. The proposed project is not expected to affect the intact
portions of the shell midden deposits, LAAS is recommending that Port Ludlow Associates retain a
professional archaeologist to monitor land clearing and other ground disturbing project activities.
The archaeological monitor would be present during these construction activities to prevent burial disturbance
and assure that the intact site deposits.are not disturbed. We will. also recommend that a tribal monitor be
present.
n
j I
i ]
1 ]
: J
You had earlier expressed interest in visiting the project area before construction. Since our scope of work
does not include a tribal tour, we are not in a position to arrange one. If you feel that a site visit is required, I
would contact Mark Dorsey to set up a tour. He can be reached at (360) 437-2101,
1
i J
We would also be happy to contact you before construction begins in case you would like to have tribal monitor
accompany the LAAS archaeologist during monitoring. If you would like to provide a tribal monitor, please let
me know who to contact so that we can give the tribal monitor ample notice,
\ t
d
I f
, i
j l
'l J
Please call or e-mail if you have any questions,
fl.'.
I
;
L
Respectfully,
Leonard Forsman
Research Archaeologist
Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services Limited
7700 Pioneer Way, Suite 101
Gig Harbor, Washington 98335
253-858-1411 Phone
253-858-1410 Fax
~
I
I
J
r
)
LOG ITEM
II.. lD~
f)age ~ of
^f 0 ua--
5/7/03
1
r
j
1-
J
e
e
1
1
1
~
j
APPENDIX 3
J
1
SITE ADDENDUM FOR SITE 45JE207
1
j
1
j
1
1
1
j
.1,
[
j
1
!
J
i
~
1
i
j
. j
LOG ITEM
# ~D
p>~('1e . - of ~
)' C;c~:j' __...~_.=-
~( ce.-
l
1
1
e
e
W ASmNGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
Site Number: 45JE207
1
[
j
Recorded By:
Affiliation:
Date Recorded:
Revisited By:
Affiliation:
Date Revisited:
Stephen M. Kenady
Cultural Resource Management
November 15,1992
Kurt Roedel and Dennis Lewarch
Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services Limited (LAAS)
April 3 and 4, 2003
1
j
]
ADDENDUM TO SITE FORM
]
]
]
LAAS archaeologists Dennis Lewarch and Kurt Roedel conducted archaeological field
reconnaissance in the Ludlow Cove project area and identified shell midden deposits associated
with Site 45JE207 eroding from a bluff top, between approximately 20 and 28 feet (6.1 and 8.5
meters) amsl, extending to the shoreline (Figures 1 and 2).LAAS archaeologists also noted
historic period artifacts, such as amethyst glass, earthenware, and stoneware fragments, and a
sawcut bone on the beach surface. LAAS archaeologists also excavated shovel probes at varying
intervals on the bluff top, inland from the site boundaries for 45JE207 recorded by Kenady
(1992a, 1992b), and identified intact shell midden deposits, but did not identify historic period
remains, such as building foundations or a dump site (Figure 2). Mr. Lewarch and Mr. Roedel
staked a buffer around the inland extent of intact shell midden deposits of Site 45JE207. LAAS
archaeologists did not, at any time, excavate shovel probes within known site boundaries.
I 1
11
j
1
[
J
1
1
Small areas with intact archaeological deposits associated with Site 45JE207 retain integrity of
location and condition. The small volume of intact midden deposits, low diversity of shell and
FMR classes observed in cut bank exposures, absence of features in cut bank exposures, and
shallow midden deposits (between 20 and 30 centimeters (8 and 12 inches) in thickness from the
contemporary ground surface) combine to limit the research potential of Site 45JE207. The
intact deposits do not have the potential to contribute information important to regional history or
prehistory, and are probably not significant.
1
!
[:
f
j
1
LOG ITEM
# 2f!~ _a
Page $ O'r ___.,
~ 2- eeL-
)
I
j
e
e
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
Page 2
Site Number: 45JE207
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ESM Consulting Engineers LLC
2003 Ludlow Cove Wetland Buffer Averaging Exhibit & Conceptual Landscape Plan,
Jefferson County, Washington. ESM Consulting Engineering LLC, Federal Way,
Washington.
Kenady, Stephen M.
1992a Archaeological Inventory and Management Recommendationsfor the 1992 Port Ludlow
Development Program, Jefferson County, Washington. Cultural Resource Management,
Eastsound, Washington. Prepared for Pope Resources, Poulsbo, Washington.
1992b 45JE207. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.
UnitooStaresGeowgicalSurv~
1973 Port Ludlow Quadrangle, Washington, 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). Unitoo States
Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
LOG ITEM
#_.;.1.04
Pag(3 ~ of_
~ '3 eel.-
f,
;.
l J
n
, .
1 -"
jl
1 :
L
jl
J:
i J
n
i J
11
11
1 i
LJ
j 1
1 ]
1 ]
J J
; 1
d
'1
j !
I j
11
11
I 1
1
i
j
1
i
N
o
I
I
Mile
e
0,5
I
e
Figure I. Location of Site 45JE207.
#~--~
Page~of . ..
't~ ec.I.-
15
.... j
.Q~~ltl
~~B:E
~a.enc:
- (I) t) Q)
>- C ttJ :g
~Cl!:::~
C (I) 1::
(1)-0<(
~:5!-o
>-::E .g
.c _ (I)
-0 (I) a.
(l)J::
"0 C/) .~
l5 t) 6
~J!I]i
O:::..=:I:
e
e
eltl
'0 ~
a.<(
J:: .2
Oc
ltlo
(1)'-
ala"
~
8
3:
..Q
-g
-I
-
(,)
N
0')
0')
.....
ltl
~~ ~
.c:o~
0.... s::::
ltl...l 0
~ ~ g
... CI> 00
.5.5 -e
oOle
a. Jj Co::!
.2 ~!:t:l
- fi :2 ..e
~ ii:iil~
en 0 l5 I=l
~ -0 0
L.' -0 "'" 00
<<I _ ..:
"tl '" en .t::
8~~~~
(I) .9- :;;,g at
eno:::cQ,-e
~ 5
CI>-e
"'-e
~ 's
.....
:~IIJ~~
.J.
\
\
,_J
CX)
o
N
W
;d
~
(I) ltl
> (I)
8<
~t)
0(1)
=6'(5'
:;)....
...Ja.
1)
~
Q)jc55
2a.e.s
a. 'i
(l)J-o
~.. 0 (I)....
.c 6j m
~iu
1 i15 ~
~ '" ~ I/)
ltl ~ 0 0
.... (.) I/) a.
~ I/) C x
c:C:JW
.~:JQ)~
'0 !l ,> CO
i~l~
a.a.zu
CD ....
eo-
.... z
~J
1
u.
o
JL"l Efvl
#~
Page of
~e:; lA:J-
~
r.
I
r
j
"
r
1
I
i
r
j
L
L
~
-
-
~
ts
~
..... .
.s~
OIlN
.~~
O'<f'
~~
00
o
~ fa
Sot-
><0
ON
~~
~'<f'
..... 0
B~
1~
~ 0
fG]
:> 0
8 ~
$:l..8
- 00
0,-
:> 0
o
.;J~~
J!3~
g"S
~ ~
.l:l....
-;
a'I::
"E 0
~
fG El
il=l
~o
-e
.-e
N.-
~,~
.... ,J:l
~rIJ
L
r
.I .
J.J
r ]
11
j j
11
: t
i I
11
j j
11
j j
11
!J
11
j J
:-.;
l
1
1
]
e
ApPENDIX 4
SITE ADDENDUM FOR SITE 45JE208
1
j
1
1
!
j
1
J
1
r
1
I
j
J
I
1
j
1
1
I.
J
1
I
I
i J
e
LOG ITEM
.,,):;;'l(1t::A ~r C; of ~
;, .......'\..~j'l;J -
....;'
~ (, e.a--
1-
1
1
j
e
e
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
Site Number: 45JE208
1
1
1
Recorded By:
Affiliation:
Date Recorded:
Revisited By:
Affiliation:
Date Revisited:
Stephen M. Kenady
Cultural Resource Management
November 1992
Kurt Roedel and Dennis Lewarch
Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services Limited (LAAS)
April 3 and 4, 2003
ADDENDUM TO SITE FORM
1
!
J
LAAS archaeologists Dennis Lewarch and Kurt Roedel conducted archaeological field
reconnaissance in the Ludlow Cove project area and identified intermittent shell midden deposits
and earthenware fragments associated with Site 45JE208 eroding from a cut bank (Figures 1 and
2).
1
i
l
1
LAAS archaeologists then walked a pedestrian transect along a bluff top, approximately 20 feet
(6.1 meters) above the intermittent shell midden deposits noted along the shoreline (Figure 2).
Most of the landform adjacent to the edge of the bluff top was disturbed and appeared to have
been leveled, possibly from construction activities associated with a log dump (Figure 2). Mr.
Lewarch and Mr. Roedel excavated shovel probes at varying intervals on the bluff top and
identified intact shell midden deposits, inland from the site boundaries for 45JE208 recorded by
Kenady (1992a, I 992b ) (Figure 2). LAAS archaeologists did not, at any time, excavate shovel
probes within known site boundaries. Construction activities associated with the log dump most
likely pushed intact shell midden deposits over the bluff edge. Intermittent shell midden deposits
along the shoreline noted by Kenady (1992a, I 992b ) are probably secondary deposits that
originated on the bluff top.
1
j
1
j
~.
!
1:
j
I
j
LAAS archaeologists also identified intact shell midden deposits associated with 45JE208
eroding from a cut bank of an exposed bluff above the Beach Point Picnic Area (Figure 2). Mr.
Roedel and Mr. Lewarch noted shell and FMR inland from the exposed deposits, on the ground
surface and in shovel probes (Figure 2). hnmature vegetation, a dirt road leading to the Beach
Point Picnic Area, and the disturbed nature of the landform suggest that the Beach Point Picnic
Area may have been used as a gravel quarry. Shell midden deposits associated with 45JE208
most likely extended south of the exposed bluff towards Ludlow Cove, however, quarrying
operations probably destroyed the extant deposits.
LAAS archaeologists did not identify any shell midden deposits below fill s associated with the
historic log dump.
LOG ITEM
#: 2..()~
Pa~~e -$- of _~
~1 ~
e
e
n
1]
W ASIDNGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
Page 2
Site Number: 45JE208
11
1 J
Small areas with intact archaeological deposits associated with Site 45JE208 retain integrity of
location and condition. The small volume of intact midden deposits, low diversity of shell and
FMR classes observed in cut bank exposures, absence of features in cut bank exposures, and
shallow midden deposits (between 20 and 30 centimeters (8 and 12 inches) in thickness from the
contemporary ground surface) combine to limit the research potential of Ste 45JE208. The intact
deposits do not have the potential to contribute information important to regional history or
prehistory, and are probably not significant.
n
" I
.1 i
j J
n
I!
j'
t J
n
. I
L
Il
BffiLIOGRAPHY
n
1 1
iJ
ESM Consulting Engineers LLC
2003 Ludlow Cove Wetland Buffer Averaging Exhibit & Conceptual Landscape Plan,
Jefferson County, Washington. ESM Consulting Engineering LLC, Federal Way,
Washington.
n
j j
u
Kenady, Stephen M.
1992a Archaeological Inventory and Management Recommendations for the 1992 Port Ludlow
Development Program, Jefferson County, Washington. Cultural Resource Management,
Eastsound, Washington. Prepared for Pope Resources, Poulsbo, Washington.
il
u
1]
1992b 45JE208. State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form. On file at the
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia
11
: I
i J
United States Geological Survey
1973 Port Ludlow Quadrangle, Washington, 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). United States
Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
, 1
, I
L j
1l
j j
11
1
~
j
LOG ITEM
# Zo-ti-
Page ~ of ~.
~~c€L-
1
j
1.
j
e
e
1
j
'I
1
1
j
1
1
j
1
~
1
1
j
1
t
j
i
N
o
I
I
Mile
0.5
I
~ Intact Shell Midden Deposits
. Secondary Shell Midden Material
Base Map from U,S,G.S. Port Ludlow Quadrangle, Washington 1973
i
Figure 1. Location of Site 45JE208.
# z..o_~
Paqe %
~ ~q
of
~L-
16
.~
- (I)
..QCI)j-
~~~~
m 0
..... c. c
-(I)"t) (I)
>-cm:g
~c!E~
c(l)1::"::
(1)-0<(
~:2-o
>-::E 0
.0 - .~
-0 a; (I)
(I).ca.
"E en .g
g"t),g
(I) J!I CI)
0:::..=:1:
e
e
\
\.
~
~
8
3:
..Q
-g
-I
-
o
N
m
m
.....
ltl
(1)('1)
~~ !.
ltl...l I=l
~ I!! 8
- lB ~
.S ,5 "t:l
~.5a
.2 tJl l:I::::l.
c ,5 :3
(I) .2'3 -
c55 a.~~
~ .s 8 8
ltl -O:iE 00
"0 ltl '^ .....
c c. 0 'u ....
8 ~ 0::: ~ ~
(I) ,9- ~ e fr
enO::Cl~-e
~ 5
m:g
~ 's
.....
:~ItIiI..~1
.J. \11 I
-
-
~
.....
g
~ .
.s~
.r~
]'<f'
00 ~
~
~ ;j
~r---
o~
~~
~'<f'
"$2
0....
-e~
acS
r1J~ ~
o;..::::l
:> 0
8 ~
p,,]
- 00
0,-
~ 0
.;J~~
2..0
g"$
00 (.)
~.s
-
s:l ~
'.5 '5 i 1
r1J~ i
.gEl i.l
o I=l
~.g 1 r
~~
GJ i 1
~~
~.;Jl )
Z, i \
~;ge ~~:
CJDt-CL-
,
'\
._.1
~ltl
o~
U<(
~"t)
0(1)
=6'0'
:J....
-Ja.
/' '--.., --
"ij)
(I) ~
~.oCl)
e e J::
o..a.:t::
a; ~
>11> > -0
o 0 ~
J:: J:: ltl
en CI) (I)
"t)-o-oo
(I) ~ ~ ~
CI) (I) .... :J
C(l)~oCl)
ltl "" 0
~ ~ ~ ~
ffi5::>W
." ..!il:
E (I) > C
CI) > .- ltl
(I) .:,..._- - .
-0 ltl m
(I) CI) lJ)_
a.~~8
<0 ....
. 0
.....
:JI
T-'
r
1;
f~
1
L
n
j;
I j
II
1.
1
;
.t j
f 1
~ i
i j
n
1 i
1 J
il
1 J
n
; J
! 1
. I
I 1
\ 1
i r
i !
d
z
1f
I 1
, 1
j ,
i t
i j
~
~l
}.
j
e
e
APPENDIX 5
W ASillNGTON STATE OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION
CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY COVER SHEET
1
i
j
1
J
1
j
LOG ITEM
# 'L:D =t_~~~~_.
P''''a~ ~L of
"0.:::'''"' ~ __c.
~I ca-
I'
I
e
e
Cultural Resources Survey Cover Sheet
I
I I
Author: Kurt W. Roedel. Leonard A. Forsman. Dennis E. Lewarch. and Lvnn L. Larson
Title: Ludlow Cove Archaeological Resources and Traditional Cultural Places Assessment.
Jefferson County. Washimzton.
Date: Mav 13. 2003
County: Jefferson Section: 17 Township: 28N Range: IE
Quad: Port Ludlow. Washington
Total Pages: 56 Acres: 27.75
Site No.:
45JE207
45JE208
(For Author's review)
This report:
I (
j
X Describes the objectives & methods.
_X_ Summarize the results of the survey.
X Reports where the survey records and data
are stored.
X Has a Research Design that:
Details survey objectives
Details specific methods
Details expected results
Details area surveyed
Details how results will be feedback in the planning process
OAHP Use Only
NADB Document No:
OARP Log No:
I
J
My review results in the opinion this survey report _does _does not conform with the
Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Identification.
1
f
I
J
Signed:
Date:
LOG ITEr'i1
# ~
Page -5.?L. of ~=
1J 2- S''L c2L-