HomeMy WebLinkAboutAquifer Recharge 921051011
September 26, 2006
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E l)ER
CONSULTING. LLC
AJ!J11i~'(f C1{lund<<~sja S~fuliim"
Mr. Dave Fitzpatrick
23730 NE 170th
Woodinville, W A 98077
630 6th Street South
Kirkland, WA 98033
425 8211 7545
425 1l21l 7548 f.x
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RE: AQUIFER RECHARGE REPORT, 170 SMITH ROAD PROPERTY,
MARROWSTONE ISLAND, WASHINGTON
Dear Dave:
This letter presents the results of our critical aquifer recharge area evaluation of your property. This letter
is intended to conform to the requirements of the Jefferson County Unified Development Code (UDC)
paragraphs 3,6,5, Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas; and 3.6.10 Special Reports, paragraph (e) Aquifer
Recharge Area Report. This analysis is required by Jefferson County due to the location of your property
within a high risk Seawater Intrusion Protection Zone (SIPZ). The UDC requires an analysis of the well
and groundwater system to evaluate the potential for use of a well to cause adverse groundwater quality
impacts, The overall intent of the code is to ensure that existing water rights are not impaired and that the
use of the well is not detrimental to the public interest. The following conforms to the requirements of
UDC paragraph 3.6,10 (e), and follows the organization of that section.
AQUIFER RECHARGE AREA REPORT
1 . Response not required.
2, Aquifer Recharge Area Report
1. Project Description
The property is located on the west side of Marrows tone Island, south of Mystery Bay in Township 29
North, Range I East, section 5 (Figure 1). The property parcel number is 921051011. The property is
about 620 by 70 feet in dimension. The only structure currently on the property is a garage with an
upstairs loft; we understand that you plan to demolish and rebuild the garage and place an approximate
32 by 30 foot cabin adjacent to it. The cabin will have two bedrooms in it. We understand that you have
installed a Glendon septic system and drainfield for the new structure, and this system has been permitted
and approved,
The cabin will be placed about 70 feet west ofthe top ofthe bluff. The septic system and drain field are
located cast ofthe proposed cabin site, The existing well is located in the eastern half ofthe property; the
septic system and the proposed improvements lie outside of the 100- foot covenance for the well. A
schematic ofthe site improvements is shown in Figure 2.
BENDERCONSULTING, LLC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr, Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 2
The site topography is generally level. We estimate that the ground surface elevation of the well site is
about 36 fcet.
We understand that the well was drilled for you in August 2001. The log for the well was obtained from
the Washington State Department of Ecology web site and is shown in Figure 3, The log states that the
top 9 feet consisted of clay and till (noted as 'hardpan' on the log). Sandstone was encountered below
the till. Inflow to the borehole during drilling occurred at depths of about 118, 142, and 146 feet. A steel
casing was installed to a depth of22 feet. The rock was drilled as an open borehole to a depth of 153
feet; a pye liner was installed to the depth ofthe borehole,
Bayview Pumps was retained by you to collect a water quality sample from the well. They utilized the
existing pump in the well to test the well performance and for collection ofthe samples. The static water
level in the well was 30.2 feet below the top of casing; given a top of casing elevation of about 38 feet,
the groundwater elevation is about 8 feet above sea level at the site, The well was pumped on August 23,
2006 for about two hours at rates between 4 and 13 gallons per minute; the resulting specific capacity
was about 0.2 to 0.3 gallons per minute per foot. Based on Ecology (1994), this rate is typical to high for
wells completed in bedrock on the island.
Four field chloride tests were performed during the test; these ranged in concentration between 132 and
150 mg/1. Two samples were collected and delivered to Twiss Analytical Laboratories, Inc. for analysis.
The samples were collected after a test duration of about one and one and a half hours. The test results
were 156 and 144 mg/l chloride. It is interesting to note that the higher test value was from the first
sample collected, and the chloride concentration apparently lowered with time. A test performed in
August 2001 indicated a chloride concentration of 108 mg/l and had a satisfactory coliform test. The
sample was collected in the well after pumping at a rate of 1 0 gallons per minute for a period 00 hours.
Nitrate was below detection in all of the tests,
We understand that the site is not served by a public water system,
II. Hydrogeologic Evaluation
A. Hydrogeologic Setting of the Aquifer Region,
The site is located on the west shoreline of Marrows tone Island, a little over one mile south of Mystery
Bay, The island hydrogeology is summarized in Water Supply Bulletin No, 59 (Ecology, 1994).
Marrowstone Island is composed of glacial deposits from the Fraser Glaciation (predominately the
Yashon Stade), which overlies older interglacial and glacial deposits, and bedrock.
BENDER CONSLJLrlNCJ, LLC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr, Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 3
The glacial deposits found on most of the island are largely absent on Griffith's Point and areas south
along the western shore. At the site, only a thin veneer of till is present, and typically directly overlies
bedrock. Till is generally considered as a unit that retards groundwater flow.
The bedrock underlying Marrowstone Island is comprised ofthree tertiary-age formations, the Scow Bay
Formation, the Quimper Sandstone, and the Marrowstone Shale, The Marrowstone Shale underlies the
project site (Figure 4), This unit is a fractured sandstone interbedded with siltstone, mudstone, and some
claystone and shale. The unit may be contorted and highly fractured, The unit is exposed along the
shoreline and at your property bluff.
Figure 4 presents a cross section from the Ecology report; the section is located south ofthe Fitzpatrick
property, The section indicates that the site is immediately underlain by till. The till is underlain by the
Marrowstone Shale unit. This geology was confirmed during our site visit. Test pits excavated at the site
for the drainfield evaluation indicated a slightly silty to silty gravelly sand to a depth of about 5 feet; this
may be a thin veneer of recessional outwash and/or weathered till. The surficial soils were underlain by
competent till. At the bluff, a 5 foot thick or so section of weathered till was exposed directly overlying
bedrock. The bedrock was fractured and layered, and had a slight apparent dip to the south. No seeps
were observed at the bedrock/till contact or in the bedrock.
Groundwater in this unit is principally transported in fractures in bedrock; groundwater storage may
occur in the more fractured and weathered portions of the rock, As such, the Marrowstone Shale likely
exhibits a dual porosity system where the initial discharge to a well is from groundwater in the fractures,
with a lesser and more gradual supply from a release of storage from the matrix. In this setting, wells
must intercept fracture zones in the bedrock in order to collect groundwater for withdrawal.
Groundwater recharge to the bedrock aquifer is through precipitation. Precipitation will infiltrate into the
weathered portion ofthe till, and then slowly percolate through the till. Much ofthe infiltrated water will
move laterally along the tilVbedrock contact until it reaches a fracture system, where it then may infiltrate
into the bedrock. This site, as opposed to many others on Marrowstone Island, appears to have a more
defined recharge area, The ground surface to the east ofthe site slopes from an elevation above 160 feet
down to the west to the site, Just east of Smith Road, the ground surface elevation is slightly less than the
site, and a relatively large wet area with standing water is present. It appears that this area collects runoff
and possibly shallow groundwater discharge from the higher elevation areas; this water eventually
evaporates or recharges the aquifer. Because the wetland is underlain ultimately by bedrock, infiltration
to the bedrock is slow because the fracture network can only hold and discharge so much water.
Standing water was observed in this area during our August 17, 2006 site visit.
BENDER CONSULTING. LLC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr. Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 4
Groundwater fluctuations in this type of hydrogeologic setting are usually muted. Groundwater levels in
bedrock aquifers are typically dramatic due to seasonal effects of recharge, however near this site; the
wetland complex may provide a more constant source of recharge and may buffer the seasonal
fluctuations, Even in this hydrogeologic setting, connate (old) water can be found where the fracture sets
are not frequent enough to allow sufficient groundwater recharge to flush out the older water, There are
wells in the vicinity ofthe site that have water quality that is too poor to allow domestic potable use; this
condition has reportedly been present for many years,
Sea water intrusion has occurred on the island in areas where groundwater has been over-pumped.
Jefferson County has recognized salt-water intrusion as a potential threat to maintaining drinking water
quality and has developed ordinances with respect to salt-water intrusion, One well within I ,000 feet of
the site is identified as high risk on the Jefferson County SIPZ map.
B, Site location, topography, drainage, and surface water bodies.
The Fitzpatrick property is located on Marrowstone Island, which is a sub-basin ofWIRA 17. Figure 1
shows the general location of the property and surrounding topography, The property is located in the
east half of the northwest comer of Section 5, Township 29 North, Range 1 East.
The site topography is relatively flat with a more dramatic rise in elevation to the east. The bluff on the
western side of the property is on the order of 15 feet high. Other than the standing water across Smith
Road to the east of the site, there are no surface water drainages in the vicinity of the site, The site
elevation is about 36 feet at the location of the well head,
C, Soils and Geologic Units Underlying the Site,
The surficial soil types on the Fitzpatrick property are the Whidbey gravelly sandy loam and the Cathcart
gravelly silty loam, The Whidbey series is found on the western two-thirds ofthe property. This soil is a
gravelly, sandy loam. Whidbey soils are moderately well to somewhat excessively drained soils on 0 to
15 percent slopes, The soils are products of ablation glacial till over strongly compacted and weakly
cemented basal till (SCS, 1975).
The Cathcart series is found closer to the bluff on the west side ofthe property, These soils are moderate
to well drained and formed by glacial weathering and deposition on top of sandstone.
Test pits were excavated by others at the site for the purposes of the septic system design. The soil types
observed in the pits were consistent with the Cathcart series.
The island geology is well summarized in Ecology's 1994 report,
BENDER CONSULTING, LLC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr, Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 5
D, Groundwater Flow and Water Quality Characteristics
There are no other data in the vicinity of the site from which to infer groundwater elevations, The well
installed at the site has been unused. We also understand that few, if any, of the neighbors close to the
site use their wells for potable uses, As such it would appear that the water level elevation at the
Fitzpatrick well of about 8 feet is representative of the area. This amount of fresh water head is also in
the higher range for the island, As discussed above, groundwater flow is likely from east to west toward
the bay, Groundwater recharge to the site is likely from the wet area to the east of the site.
The chloride concentrations in the water quality samples collected from the well in August 2006 were
between 144 and 156 mg/I. The higher value was from the first sample collected during a pumping test.
The concentration in the well in August 2001 was lower (l08 mg/I) after a prolonged test at a higher
pumping rate, Typically the increase in chloride concentration would suggest a decline in water quality
over time; this may be the case here, However, the fact that the second sample showed a decrease in
chlorides, and that the 2001 test showed a lower chloride concentration while pumping at a higher rate
may suggest that stagnant water in the fractures has a lower quality than water that is flushed through the
fracture network. There are too few data to define a trend. Though the reported little or no use of
groundwater in the area may support that argument, this has not been confirmed, The chloride
concentrations measured at the Fitzpatrick well are above 100 mg/I and therefore are classified as an 'at
risk' zone in UDC Section 3.6,5.
Water quality data for the wells in the vicinity of the site are typically collected from well log data,
Jefferson County PUD 2003 measurement data, and the permit information on the Jefferson County web
site, Unfortunately there are no other well logs available along Smith Road, The Jefferson County PUD
2003 measurement data indicate that a chloride concentration of 1,270 mg/I was measured at the Van
Etten well, located 844 feet south of the Fitzpatrick property (Figure 1). We understand that the Van
Etten well has not been used in a number of years. The Van Etten well is classified as a high risk well
and is within 1,000 feet of the Fitzpatrick property.
The available data and reports from neighbors suggest that the area as a whole has elevated groundwater
chloride concentrations, This is likely due to the nature of a bedrock aquifer overlain by till and adjacent
to sea water. Despite the presence of a nearby recharge source, the nature of the site suggests that fresh
water withdrawal from the aquifer should be performed with care,
E, Location and Description of Existing Wells and Springs within 1,000 feet of the Site
The Department of Ecology's web site was inspected for other logs; there are no available well logs
within 1,000 feet of the site, Well GC-018 identified in Ecology's 1994 report is proximate to the site.
That log showed similar geology, The reported static water level was below sea level, since a water level
below sea level cannot occur in 'static' conditions, the water level reported must be in error,
[)ENDER CONSULTING. LLC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr. Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 6
There are no documented springs within 1,000 feet of the Fitzpatrick property.
F. Local and Regional Groundwater Recharge
Precipitation is the only source of recharge to the sea level aquifer. A large percentage of the
precipitation that falls on the island is lost through evapotranspiration processes or runoff. Groundwater
recharge mechanisms for this area are discussed in earlier portions of this letter,
According to the Jefferson County web site, the site receives between about 17,5 to 22.5 inches of
precipitation per year. As discussed in paragraph C above, the soils on the Fitzpatrick property are
moderately- to well-drained and should infiltrate most precipitation events. Groundwater recharge maps
provided by Jefferson County indicate that the site may receive 5 to 10 inches of recharge per year.
G. Evaluation of Potential Project Impact on Groundwater Recharge
It is our opinion that with proper use of the well, the Fitzpatrick cabin will not significantly change the
groundwater recharge potential ofthe property. The use ofthe cabin is intermittent, and when used will
typically be for two people, It appears that the site well is located in a relatively productive set of
fractures and will have a continuous source of supply due to the recharge environment east ofthe site. In
addition, the nature ofthe recharge source suggests that a fresh water head will be maintained at the site,
and will be a source of higher quality water than may typically reside in a fracture set. Though the site
has some favorable attributes, there is risk of introducing poor quality water without proper water-use
management. To reduce this risk, we provide the following recommendations:
1) Provide a minimum 1,200 to 1,500 gallon water storage facility to minimize well use.
2) Install a flow regulating device that will keep the well pumping rate below 2 gallons per
minute. This will prevent the water level in the well from lowering below sea level
elevation,
3) Install a flow meter on the discharge side of the pump or storage tank so that you may
monitor your water use and provide a means for checking for leaks in your water lines.
4) Collect a water quality sample for chloride concentration on a minimum 6 to 12 month basis.
5) Supplement your water supply with rainwater catchment if this is acceptable to you.
6) Reduce or eliminate irrigation other than house hold plants and planters.
7) Be conscious of water use on a daily basis,
BENDER CON5ULfING. LIC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr. Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 7
Based on the hydrogeology in the vicinity of the Fitzpatrick site well and the proposed water use, it is our
opinion that the risk of adversely affecting a neighboring well is also minimal. It is our opinion that if
your property is developed with the UDC's water conservation recommendations, and the well is
operated in accordance with the UDC's special requirements for Marrowstone Island and the
recommendations above, the risk of seawater intrusion is low,
I. Contaminant Transport Analysis
Since this site is used for residential purposes, a contaminant transport analysis may not be
applicable. The land use activity is not considered a high impact land use as defined in UDC
3 .6.5( 4 ),c, In addition, because the water-bearing zone lies beneath about a 9 foot or greater
thickness of low permeability till soils, the potential for a contaminant spill to reach the water-
bearing zone is likely small, Contaminants would likely be retarded in the low-permeability soils or
travel as shallow subsurface flow toward the sound before entering the groundwater system.
II, Spill Response Training
Not applicable for a residential site with no known use of chemicals.
III. Best Management Practices,
UDC 3,6.5 d (2) ii requires infiltration of all storm water for new development on Marrowstone Island,
We understand that storm water on your property will be collected and infiltrated on site. We
recommend that you agree and adhere to both the voluntary and involuntary BMP's as prescribed in the
UDC for Marrowstone Island (UDC 3.6,5 d (9) iv D),
IV, Monitoring Program
We recommend that you adhere to monitoring program as prescribed in the UDC for Marrowstone
Island.
BENDER CONSULTING, LLC
0622-01
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Letter to Mr. Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 8
3, Qualifications
REGISTRATIONS
Registered Professional Engineering Geologist: Washington (874)
Registered Professional Hydrogeologist: Washington (874)
Registered Professional Geologist: Washington (874)
Registered Professional Geologist: Oregon (G 1642)
Certified Groundwater Professional: NGWA (518)
CORPORATE SUMMARY
Bender Consulting, LLC is a consultancy in groundwater science and engineering - specializing
in water rights support, dispute resolution related to hydrogeology, and construction dewatering
design services, We support the legal, environmental, engineering, and construction industries.
A unique hydrogeologic consulting firm in the Northwest that specializes in these fields; we
offer the proven ability to develop innovative yet sensible groundwater solutions that satisfy
project performance, design criteria, and schedule, Our goal is to reduce risk for our clients
engaged in design and construction, and to provide a sound, technical, and defendable
understanding of the groundwater regime to our legal and engineering clientele.
Scott Bender is the Principal ofthe firm with 22 years of applied experience in groundwater control,
water supply, and water rights. His work is innovative and award winning, He conceptualized one
ofthe first mitigated water rights since the 1996 batch denial by Ecology; this set a precedent for the
current state of the practice in water right mitigation. He has won ASCE Engineering Excellence
Awards for his groundwater control system designs for projects at the U.S. Embassy site in Bogota,
Columbia and at the Boston Central Artery in Boston, Massachusetts.
BENDER CONSULTING, LLC
0622-0/
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Letter to Mr. Dave Fitzpatrick
September 26, 2006
Page 9
Thank you again for the opportunity to be of service, please call us at (425) 828-7545 if you have any
questions,
Sincerely,
Scott F, Bender L.H,G" c.G.W.P.
Enclosures: Figure 1, Site Location Map
Figure 2, Site Plan
Figure 3. Fitzpatrick Well Log
Figure 4. Area Hydrogeology
References: Jefferson County Unified Development Code: Paragraphs 3,6,5 and 3,6.10.
Washington Department of Ecology, 1994, Geology, Water Resources, and
Seawater Intrusion Assessment of Marrowstone Island, Jefferson County,
Washington
BENDERCONSUITING. LLC
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Project Number
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Project Number
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