HomeMy WebLinkAbout001093004 Wetland Delineation Report
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 1
Swanson Wetland Delineation Addendum
November 22, 2019
Prepared for:
Swanson Farm
CC: David Cohn
3057 7th Street
Port Townsend, Washington 98368
Regarding:
Parcel: 001093002
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 2
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3
II. Project Site Existing Conditions ............................................................................................. 3
III. Project Site Information ........................................................................................................ 3
1.0 National Wetlands Inventory Query ......................................................................................3
2.0 Natural Resources Conservation Services Soil Query ............................................................3
IV. Wetland Assessment Methods ............................................................................................... 4
V. Wetland Delineation Addendum ............................................................................................. 4
1.0 Vegetation .............................................................................................................................5
2.0 Soils ......................................................................................................................................5
3.0 Hydrology .............................................................................................................................7
VII. Summary ............................................................................................................................. 7
X. References ............................................................................................................................. 8
Table of Tables
Table 1. Soil Map Units ..............................................................................................................3
Table 2. Wetland – Sample Plot S1, S2, S5: Vegetation ..............................................................5
Table 3. Wetland – Sample Plot S1 .............................................................................................6
Table 4. Wetland – Sample Plot S2 .............................................................................................6
Table 5. Wetland – Sample Plot S3 .............................................................................................6
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
Figure 2. Wetland Delineation with Updated Line
Figure 3. Overview Wetland Photo
Figure 4. Photo of Southern Edge of Test Plots
Figure 5. Swanson Farms Site Plan
Appendices
Appendix A. Delineation (2016)
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 3
I. Introduction
Marine Surveys & Assessments (MS&A) was contracted by the client, David Cohn, to complete a
wetland delineation addendum at parcel #001093002 (30.20-acres), which is currently owned by David
Cohn. The project site is in Port Townsend, Washington 98368 in Section 9, Township 30N, Range 01W
(Figure 1). The southern boundary of a depressional wetland (concave local relief) was confirmed and
mapped. The wetlands are within The City of Port Townsend, and as such have been previously rated and
assigned a buffer as specified by Port Townsend Municipal Code (PTMC). A Category 4 depressional
wetland with a 40-foot buffer according to specifications in PTMC Table 19.05.110(A) is mapped with a
verified southern boundary (Figure 2).
Field work for the wetland delineation addendum was completed on October 18th, 2019, with GIS
mapping and subsequent report writing completed between October and November 2019. Conditions at
the project site were cloudy/overcast (~60° F) with a light breeze. The time of year and recent
precipitation history were considered in assessing the extent of the suspect wetlands presumed to exist on
site: heavy rain, over the course of a few days, was observed prior to the site visit.
II. Project Site Existing Conditions
Parcel 001093002 is predominantly farmland. Access to the project site is a dirt road along the south
boundary, adjacent to 7th Street (Figure 1). The depressional wetland present is near an existing house.
The center, lowest part of the depression included tall green reed canary grass, with an outer band of
yellow tinted reed canary grass. The spillway to the east included shorter, yellow reed canary grass in
lower density than the depression. On the outer sides of the depression, including parts of the buffer,
shorter reed canary grass was present (Figure 3).
III. Project Site Information
1.0 National Wetlands Inventory Query
The United States Fish and Wildlife National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) map shows mapped wetland
types within ~0.25 miles from the project site. See the 2016 wetland delineation document for more
information (Appendix A).
The NWI map documents were prepared primarily by stereoscopic analysis of high-altitude aerial
photographs taken in 1980 and 1981. Wetlands were identified on the photographs based on vegetation,
visible hydrology, and geography. The aerial photographs typically reflected conditions during a specific
year and season when they were taken. Some small wetlands and those obscured by dense forest cover
may not be included on the map. In addition, there is a margin of error inherent in the use of aerial
photographs.
2.0 Natural Resources Conservation Services Soil Query
Table 1. Soil Map Units
Soil Map Code Soil Name Percent
*CmC Carlsborg gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes 100%
(Parcel 001093002)
*Soil map unit sampled during wetland delineation
Carlsborg gravelly sandy loam has basal till as the parent material. Typical profile for the Carlsborg map
unit is consistently gravelly loam sand between 0 to 8 inches (H1), very gravelly loam sand between 3 to
23 inches (H2) and gravelly loam sand between 23 and 60 inches (H3). The map well drained with depth
to the most restrictive layer at 20 to 40 inches, very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) capacity to
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 4
the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat), and a depth of water table of 19 to 39 inches; with no
flooding and frequency of ponding recorded. The soil is not considered to be hydric.
IV. Wetland Assessment Methods
The field delineation addendum followed the methodology outlined in the Regional Supplement to the
Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (effective January 1987): Western Mountains, Valleys,
and Coast Region 9 (Version 2.0; USACE, updated May 2010). This is the standard manual, used in
determining wetland areas when applying state and local government regulations under the Shoreline
Management Act and the Growth Management Act in Washington State. Preliminary information was
gathered on the project site prior to the field review, rating, and delineation. General information sources
included:
• 1974 National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps, United States Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS; March 12, 2019)
• Web Soil Survey: National Cooperative Soil Survey. United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA), National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS; April 4, 2019)
• 2016 Washington Department of Ecology Water Quality Atlas (WDOE)
• Chapter 19.05 Port Townsend Critical Areas Municipal Code [Ord. 3232]
• 2016 National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast. U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE)
• Pocket Guide to Hydric Soil Field Indicators Based on Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the
United States (Version 8.0; 2017)
• Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), in cooperation with National
Technical Committee of Hydric Soils (NTCHS) (Version 8.2, 2018)
• 2014 Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western Washington 2014 Update. (Hruby, T
Washington State Department of Ecology)
V. Wetland Delineation Addendum
A wetland delineation establishes the specific boundaries of a wetland for the purposes of federal, state,
and local regulations. In determining physical parameters of each individual wetland, indicators of
vegetation, soils, and hydrology are analyzed to assess critical areas. By defining the transition zone
between scientifically established upland and wetland indicators, an established accurate boundary of the
wetland can be identified between a pair of data points; one representing the upland and one representing
the wetland. It is common for paired data points, when linked to vegetative indicators (such as an obvious
transition line of upland grass into an emergent herbaceous community), to inform the identification of
the wetland delineation. The addendum was conducted in hopes that the planned construction of a
residence would not fall into the wetland buffer.
The sampling points were designated “S” for Swanson (Figure 2). S2 represented the inner section of the
wetland and S4 represented the upland sampling point. Each data point consisted of a test pit dug to a
standard depth of 18 inches to expose a representative soil profile, with the exception of a restrictive
layer. Each data point was then assessed for the presence of three wetland indicators: hydrophytic
vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Following the successful location of paired data points,
the wetland boundary was marked by a handheld GPS (Garmin 64st) as seen in Figure 4. The test pits
were also geo-located by GPS latitude and longitude (Figure 2).
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 5
1.0 Vegetation
To distinguish the types of plants that grow in different hydrologic regimes, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service incorporated a system of wetland plant indicator status to classify individual plant species. The
wetland indicator status of a species is based on the individual species occurrence in wetlands in 13
separate regions within the United States. A plant indicator status is applied to the species, although
individual variations exist within the species. Plant species were identified and given an indicator status
according to the National Wetland Plant List: Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast. U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (NWPL, 2016). Indicator categories are as follows:
OBL – Obligate Wetland – Almost always occurs in wetlands under natural conditions.
FACW – Facultative Wetland – Usually occurs in wetlands, occasionally found in uplands.
FAC – Facultative – Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands
FACU – Facultative Upland – Usually occurs in non-wetlands, occasionally found in wetlands.
UPL – Obligate Upland – Almost always occurs in uplands under natural conditions.
To meet the qualification as a site dominated by hydrophytic vegetation, wetland plant species must show
at least one of five hydrophytic vegetation indicators. All test plots that qualified as wet sites did so by
fulfilling one of the following wetland vegetation indicators: Dominance Test (>50% hydric vegetation).
Vegetation throughout the perimeter of the wetland was dominated by Facultative Wet, herbaceous
vegetation Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea), as described in the initial wetland delineation,
Wetland 2. The addendum focused on looking at hydric soil and hydrology due to the delineation being at
a problematic site. S1 was also conducted within the depressional wetland that was marked by FACW
100% reed canary grass. The grass filled the whole depression, with the edges of the depression showing
reed canary grass that was more yellow in color as opposed to the center, indicating that the outer edges
may not have as much access to hydric conditions (Figure 3).
Table 2. Wetland – Sample Plot S1, S2, S5: Vegetation
Stratum Common Name Latin Name Status Absolute %
Cover
Herbaceous Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea FACW 100
2.0 Soils
Hydric soils form under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing
season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper soil horizon (NRCS). Most hydric soils exhibit
characteristic morphologies that result from repeated periods of inundation or saturation that last more
than a few days. Saturation or inundation, when combined with microbial activity in the soil, causes a
depletion of oxygen. This anaerobic state promotes certain biogeochemical processes, such as the
accumulation of organic matter, the accumulation or reduction of iron, and other reducible elements.
These processes in turn create regionally specific, visible indicators, which help identify and delineate
hydric soils in a field setting. These indicators are not intended to replace or modify the requirements
contained in the definition of a hydric soil; they are dynamic, and open to a degree of human
interpretation. Some hydric soils lack any currently listed and accepted indicators; therefore, the lack of
any listed indicator does not prevent classification of a soil as hydric. However, such soils and their
specific morphologies, are included and specified in the necessary field guides.
The wetland hydric soils were identified using the Munsell Soil Color Book, a standard reference manual
prepared by the Munsell Color Company and used by the United States Department of Agriculture. The
hydric soil indicator for wetland sample plot S1 was: “Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11)”. The first
point in Port Townsend, Jefferson County was conducted at approximately 1pm, mostly cloudy. The S1
sampling point was conducted within the depressional wetland that was marked
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 6
by FACW 100% reed canary grass. The texture of S1 was sandy loam with redox being seen in the pore
lining of the soil. Roots extended to the bottom of the sample with the soil being dry. The noted dryness
could be from normal conditions in the area being near the end of the “dry season”, which also coincides
with the water table, surface water or saturation not being present.
Table 3. Wetland – Sample Plot S1
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-7.5” 10YR2/2 95% 10YR6/8 5 C PL Sandy clay loam
7.5-9.5” 10YR5/1 70% 10YR3/6 30 C PL Sandy clay loam
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix, D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
S2 was located approximately 3 ft away (going further into the wetland) from the current wetland
delineation line. A sediment sample from 0 – 12 in was extracted, with the matrix having a 10yr 3/2 and
98% when looking at moist color. The redox was 2% in density, located in the matrix with the color being
10yr 3/6. The sediment was sandy clay loam and was not characterized as hydric soil due to the lack of
hydric soil indicators. The sediment resembled and had characteristics of upland sediment. A “Depleted
Below Dark Surface (A11)” was not found within the sediment sample; however, a restrictive layer was
hit at 12 in depth. S5 was located closer to the inner section of the depressional wetland (Figure 2). The
“Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11)” was present when digging further than 9.5 in. The 0 to 9.5-inch
dark layer included roots and extended to an impervious layer.
Table 4. Wetland – Sample Plot S2
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-12” 10YR3/2 98% 10YR3/6 2% C PL Sandy clay loam
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix, D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
S3 was located closer to the VSH 1 location. The sediment sample still showed signs of upland non-
hydric soil with no redox features present. Red bark fragments were present within the matrix, with a high
percentage of roots towards the upper layers of sediment. The sediment segment was 16 in long and had a
10yr 2/1, 100% matrix when moist.
Table 5. Wetland – Sample Plot S3
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-16” 10YR2/1 100% - - - - Sandy clay loam
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix, D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
A sediment sample was taken at S4 (Figure 2), in line with the wetland delineation marker. The sediment
along the determination marker line does not show hydric soil indicators. The reed canary grass has the
potential to extend beyond the delineation line. When investigating soil indicators (taking into account the
dry season), more information is revealed about the site. The line of vegetation does not fully coincide
with the wetland and extends further than the delineation line. Based on GPS data and groundtruthing, it
is highly probable that the stake was placed further landward inaccurately.
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 7
3.0 Hydrology
Hydrologic conditions result from the interactions between meteorological, surface and ground water, as
well as physical and biological factors that influence the flow, quality, or timing of water. Therefore, the
determination of the presence of hydrologic conditions focuses on the corresponding presence of factors
that most directly influence the persistence of water in a specific area. Similar to the indicators used in
hydric soils, and because watersheds vary tremendously across the country, regional hydrologic indicators
are used to identify wetlands in the field more easily.
Wetland sample plots S1, S2 and S5 demonstrated Depleted Below a Dark Surface (A11), with
saturation present. Days leading up to sampling included heavy rainfall.
VII. Summary
This wetland report provided information and proof that the depressional wetland on parcel 001093002,
has not changed on the southern boundary; however, the stake for the boundary was not accurately
marked. After conducting a field assessment and mapping soil test plots, MS&A recommends using the
original wetland delineation boundary to follow the 40 ft buffer established according to specifications in
the Port Townsend Critical Areas Municipal Code for a Category IV wetland with a moderate level of
impact (19.05.110(A)). Impacts to the wetland buffer are likely to be avoided with the building of a house
as the property owners will not build within the buffer (Figure 5).
Respectfully submitted,
Marine Surveys and Assessments
______________________________
Meg Amos and Ioana Bociu
Wetland Biologists
______________________________
Amy Leitman
Senior Biologist, Owner
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 8
X. References
Cowardin, LM., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe, 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater
Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service document FWS/OBS-79/31. 84pp.
Washington D.C.
Port Townsend Municipal Code. Chapter 19.05 Critical Areas [Ord. 3232]
Hitchcock, L.C. and A. Cronquist, 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest.
University of Washington Press.
Hruby, T. (2014). Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western Washington: 2014 Update.
(Publication #14-06-029). Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Ecology
Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List:
2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X
Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1998. GretagMacbeth. North Windsor, New York.
National Cooperative Soil Survey. Official Established Series Description. 2000.
National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). 2019. Wetlands Report. Available at:
https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/mapper.html
Pocket Guide to Hydric Soil Field Indicators Based on Field Indicators of Hydric
Soils in the United States v. 7.0 with Updates, Prepared by Wetland
Training Institute, Inc., 2013
Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (1987):
Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0), US Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE), May 2010.
Speare-Cooke, S., 1997. A Field Guide to the Common Wetland Plants of
Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society.
US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of Jefferson County Area,
Washington. December, 2013
US Fish and Wildlife Service. National Wetlands Inventory. 1978
US Fish and Wildlife Service. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States.
1992
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 9
Figure 1: Vicinity Map
Figure 2: Wetland Delineation with Updated Line
001093002
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 10
Figure 3: Overview Wetland Photo
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 11
Figure 4: Photo of Southern Edge of Test Plots
Delineation Stake
Marine Surveys & Assessments Swanson Report 12
Figure 5: Soil Photo S
Figure 6: Soil Photo S
Figure 7: Swanson Farms Site Plan
Swanson Farm
Wetland Delineation & Rating Report
October 21, 2016
Prepared for:
David Cohn
3057 7th Street
Port Townsend, WA. 98368
Site Address:
3057 7th Street
Port Townsend, WA. 98368
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 2 | M S A
Contents
I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3
II. General Site Conditions ............................................................................................................. 3
III. Site Information ........................................................................................................................ 4
Soil Survey .................................................................................................................................. 4
National Wetlands Inventory ...................................................................................................... 4
IV. Wetland Assessment Methods .................................................................................................. 5
V. Wetland Delineation ................................................................................................................. 7
Wetland 1 .................................................................................................................................... 7
Wetland 2 .................................................................................................................................. 10
VI. Wetland Rating ....................................................................................................................... 12
Wetland 1 – Rated Category IV – Buffer of 40 Feet ................................................................ 14
Wetland 2 – Rated Category IV – Buffer of 40 Feet ................................................................ 14
Wetland 3 – Rated Category 1V – Buffer of 50 Feet ............................................................... 15
Wetland 4 – Unrated at Property Owners Request – Buffer of 300 Feet ................................. 15
VII. Summary ............................................................................................................................... 16
VIII. References ........................................................................................................................... 17
IX. Figures .................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 1. Site and Vicinity Map ................................................................................................ 18
Figure 2. National Wetland Inventory (NWI) Map .............................................................. 19
Figure 3. NRCS Soil Survey ..................................................................................................... 20
Figure 4. Vegetation Line between upland and wetland........................................................... 21
X. Appendices – Rating Forms, Delineation Forms, Additional Maps ........................................ 22
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 3 | M S A
I. Introduction
Marine Surveys & Assessments (MSA) was authorized by the applicant and property owner,
David Cohn, to assess four wetland areas over ten parcels in Jefferson County, Washington. For
ease of identification, the wetland areas are designated 1-4 (Figure1), and will be referred to by
these identifying numbers thoughout this report. Wetland 1 and 2 were both delineated, rated,
and assigned buffers; Wetland 3 was rated and assigned a buffer; Wetland 4 was mapped and
assigned a buffer. All field work was completed between August 11th and August 22nd, 2016,
with GIS, aerial photography, and subsequent report writing completed in September 2016.
The property is located at 3057 7th St, Port Townsend, Wa, and consists of ten parcels which
equal approximately 77.0 acres. Parcel numbers are: 001093002, 001093004, 001093001,
997000101, 997000201, 997000701, 997000301, 997000601, 997000401, 997000501. The
parcels are located in the SW 1/4 SEC 9, T30N, R1W (Figure 1).
II. General Site Conditions
This property is mostly open farmland located within a relatively residential and developed
section of east Jefferson County on Quimper Peninsula. It is west-southwest of Port Townsend,
WA by approximately 2.4 miles, and west-northwest of Port Hadlock, WA by approximately 5.0
miles. The property is 77.0 acres and is divided into ten parcels, the vast majority of which is
open, having been logged and farmed years ago. There is a small farmhouse in the central-
western section of the property, along with a small outbuilding and large barn, accessed from the
east via 7th Street, off Discovery Road (Figure 1).
To the north, the property is bordered by forested land, while the west and southwest is bordered
by residential neighborhoods, accessed in large part from South Jacob Miller Road. To the east is
Discovery Road, a major town artery. Generally, the elevation along the northern section of the
property is greater than the southern; drainage on the property flows from north-to-south. The
western quarter, approximately, consists of a wetland corridor running from the northwest corner
of the property southeast to the man-made pond on the southern border.
Four wetland areas were identified on the property. The smallest (Wetland 1) is approximately
0.10 miles northwest from the farmhouse; the next largest in size (Wetland 2) is almost
immediately adjacent to the farmhouse to the northeast; to the southeast by approximately 0.07
miles lies the next largest wetland (Wetland 3), while the largest, being the aforementioned
northwest-southeast corridor in the western quarter of the property (Wetland 4), is approximately
0.33 miles west of the farmhouse (Figure 1).
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 4 | M S A
The property was, during its time as a working farm, sectioned into seven pastures by wooden
fence-posts and barbed-wire fence, all of which are accessed by the driveway, which extended
into a rough jeep-track traveling east-west almost the width of the property. As a result of
widespread cattle grazing, the vegetation over most of the property’s open area is greatly
homogenous, dominated by common agricultural/disturbed area grasses: Agrostis capillaris,
Dactylis glomerata, and Phalaris arundinacea. The western section of the property, close to
Wetland 4, is distinguished by a gradual shift to scrub-shrub forest from fallow agricultural
fields.
III. Site Information
Soil Survey
Soil
Symbol
Soil Name Acres
CfC Cassolary sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes .2
CmC Clallam gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes 59.7
DaC Dabob very gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 15 percent slopes 2.3
DcC Dick loamy sand, 0 to 15 percent slopes .1
HuC Hoypus gravelly loamy sand, 0 to 15 percent slopes 14.5
StB Swantown gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes 3.6
*Figure 3
National Wetlands Inventory
The USFWS NWI map (on the National Wetlands Inventory website) shows 4 mapped wetlands
and 1 mapped pond within the 77 acres of property (Figure 2). Three of the wetlands are
classified by the NWI according to the Cowardin classification system as Palustrine Emergent
Shallow Marsh Semi-Permanently Flooded (PEMF) and the remaining wetland as Palustrine
Emergent Shallow Persistent Scrub-Shrub Seasonally Flooded (PEM1/SSC). National Wetland
Inventory code interpretations are as follows:
P: System Palustrine: includes all non-tidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs,
emergents, mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas where
salinity due to ocean derived salts is below 0.5 ppt. Wetlands lacking such vegetation are
also included if they exhibit all of the following characteristics: 1. are less than 8 hectares
( 20 acres ); 2. do not have an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature; 3. have at
low water a depth less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in the deepest part of the basin; 4. have a
salinity due to ocean-derived salts of less than 0.5 ppt.
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 5 | M S A
EM: Class Emergent Wetland: characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes,
excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season
in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants. All water
regimes are included except subtidal and irregularly-exposed.
F: Water Regime Semi-Permanently Flooded: surface water persists throughout the
growing season in most years. When surface water is absent, the water table is usually at
or very near the land surface.
1: Subclass Persistent: Dominated by species that normally remain standing until the
beginning of the next growing season. This subclass is found only in the Estuarine and
Palustrine systems.
SS: Class Scrub-Shrub: Includes areas dominated by woody vegetation less than 6m (20
feet) tall. The species includes shrubs, saplings, and trees of stunted growth form dues to
environmental conditions.
C: Water Regime Seasonally Flooded: Surface water is present for extended periods
especially early in the growing season, but is absent by the end of the growing season in
most years. The water table after flooding ceases is variable, extending from saturated at
the surface to a water table well below the surface.
The NWI map documents were prepared primarily by stereoscopic analysis of high altitude
aerial photographs taken in 1980 and 1981. Wetlands were identified on the photographs based
on vegetation, visible hydrology, and geography. The aerial photographs typically reflected
conditions during a specific year and season when they were taken. Some small wetlands and
those obscured by dense forest cover may not be included on the map. In addition, there is a
margin of error inherent in the use of aerial photographs. As you will see in our delineation
results, the actual Cowardin classification of the wetlands found differed from those on the
USFWS NWI map.
IV. Wetland Assessment Methods
Consistent with procedures detailed in the Washington State Wetlands Identification and
Delineation Manual (Washington State Department of Ecology, 2011 Manual), preliminary
information was gathered on the project site prior to the field review, rating and delineation.
General information sources included:
1974 National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps, United States Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS)
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 6 | M S A
1975 Soil Survey of Jefferson County Area, Washington (USDA)
2013 Washington Department of Natural Resources Water Resource Map (DNR)
1979 Washington State Wetlands Identification and Delineation Manual, (WSDE)
2009 Jefferson County Unified Development Code Chapter 18.22 Critical Areas
Jefferson County Critical Areas Map
2014 State of Washington 2014 Wetland Plant List US Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
2014 Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western Washington 2014 Update.
(Hruby, T Washington State Department of Ecology)
Field delineations followed the methodology outlined in the Regional Supplement to the Corps of
Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (effective January 1987): Western Mountains, Valleys
and Coast Region 9 Version 2.0) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This is standard manual, used
in determining wetland areas when applying state and local government regulations under the
Shoreline Management Act and the Growth Management Act in Washington State.
Field ratings followed the methodology outlines in the Washington State Wetland Rating System
for Western Washington; 2014 Update field manual, published by the State of Washington
Department of Ecology. The specified buffers, identified in accordance with each individual
wetland’s rating score, are specified in Jefferson County Code, Table 18.22.330(3), Wetland
Categories, Rating Scores and Buffer Widths.
The extent and location of all four wetlands were determined during field work completed during
August 11th – 22nd, 2016. Field work was done under variable conditions with an ambient
temperature ranging between 66° and 80° Fahrenheit. The time of year and recent precipitation
history were considered in assessing the extent of the suspect wetlands presumed to exist on site.
Specific field methodology used in determining the extent and location of wetland areas include:
1) As part of the initial project site reconnaissance, the site was walked to determine the
general extent and location of potential wetland areas.
2) Wetland and upland sample plots were established in the identified potential wetland
areas and in the adjacent upland areas; and
3) The extent of the wetlands was located with a GPS unit and measured on the ground to
reference points.
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 7 | M S A
V. Wetland Delineation
Wetland delineation establishes the existence (location) and physical limits (size) of a wetland
for the purposes of federal, state, and local regulations. In determining these physical parameters
of each individual wetland, indicators of vegetation, soils, and hydrology are analyzed to assess
critical areas. By defining the transition zone between scientifically established upland and
wetland indicators, an established accurate boundary of the wetland can be identified between a
pair of data points; one representing the upland and one representing the wetland. It is common
for paired data points, when linked to vegetative indicators (such as an obvious transition line of
upland grass into an emergent herbaceous community), to inform the identification of the
wetland delineation. A delineation, often in conjunction with a subsequent rating, is a necessary
procedural step in obtaining information which will inform subsequent construction.
Of the four wetlands found on the property, two were delineated. Wetland 1 and 2 were
delineated for reasons of potential future construction; the property owners identified these
locations as potential building spots, and therefore opted to obtain more accurate wetland
boundaries. Wetland 1 and 2, both classified by the US Fish and Wildlife National Wetlands
Inventory as PEMF (Semi-permanently Flooded, Palustrine, Emergent Marsh), were delineated
using standard paired wetland test plots. Wetland 1, which was smaller and more homogeneous
of border, was delineated using two paired test plots. Wetland 2, which was slightly larger and
also more heterogeneous of border, was delineated using four paired test plots.
Each test plot consisted of two data points, designated “Dry” and “Wet”. Each data point
consisted of a test pit dug to standard depth of 16 inches, to expose a representative soil profile.
Each data point was then assessed for the presence of three wetland indicators: hydrophytic
vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Following the successful location of paired data
points, flagging was hung between data points to mark the wetland boundary. The test pits at
each data point were marked with yellow flagging, pink wire flags, and GPS latitude and
longitude was taken.
Wetland 1
Paired Data Point GPS Co-ordinates:
Plot A – Wet: 48.10667N 122.81567W
Plot A – Dry: 48.10673N 122.81582W
Plot B – Wet: 48.10660N 122.81542W
Plot B – Dry: 48.10664N 122.81528W
1. Vegetation
In an effort to distinguish the types of plants that grow in different hydrologic regimes, the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service incorporated a system of wetland plant indicator status to classify
individual plant species. The wetland indicator status of a species is based on the individual
species occurrence in wetlands in 13 separate regions within the United States. A plant indicator
status is applied to the species as a whole, however individual variations exist within the species.
Indicator categories are as follows:
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 8 | M S A
OBL – obligate wetland – Almost always occurs in wetlands under natural conditions.
FACW – Facultative Wetland – Usually occurs in wetlands, occasionally found in uplands.
FAC – Facultative – Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands
FACU – Facultative Upland – Usually occurs in non-wetlands, occasionally found in wetlands.
UPL – Obligate Upland – Almost always occurs in uplands under natural conditions.
To meet the qualification as a site dominated by hydrophytic vegetation, wetland plant species
must show at least one of five hydrophytic vegetation indicators (Appendix A; Data Forms). All
test plots that qualified as wet sites did so by fulfilling the same wetland vegetation indicator: all
dominant species across all strata are either classified as OBL or FACW.
The wetland boundary for this depressional wetland was directly correlated to a visible
vegetation line between upland and wetland species (Figure 4); this is visible on satellite
imagery, and was supported by observations in the field. As the land is primarily of old
agricultural use and therefore disturbed over a long period of time, the biodiversity was
considerably less than would be found in a similar depressional wetland in a natural state. As
there were no woody vines present at the test plots, cover estimates were made within a 5-foot
and 30-foot diameter circle for the herbaceous and shrub/tree strata, respectively.
Due to limited biodiversity in a long-term agriculturally disturbed landscape and the
consequent redundancy of plant species, test plots are combined below.
Wetland 1 – Sample Plot A and B – Wet: Vegetation
Stratum Common Name Latin Name Status
Herb Soft Rush Juncus effusus FACW
Herb Reed Canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea FACW
In both wetland test plots, hydric vegetation was present (Appendix A; Data Forms).
Wetland 1 – Sample Plot A and B – Dry: Vegetation
Stratum Common Name Latin Name Status
Tree Scouler’s Willow Salix scouleriana FAC
Herb Orchard Grass Dactylis glomerata FACU
Herb Colonial Bentgrass Agrostis capillaris FACU
Herb Bracken Fern Pteridium aaquilinum FACU
Herb American Vetch Vicia americana FAC
2. Soils
Hydric soils are soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long
enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper soil horizon
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 9 | M S A
(NRCS). Most hydric soils exhibit characteristic morphologies that result from repeated periods
of inundation or saturation that last more than a few days. Saturation or inundation, when
combined with microbial activity in the soil, causes a depletion of oxygen. This anaerobic state
promotes certain biogeochemical processes, such as the accumulation of organic matter, the
accumulation or reduction of iron, and other reducible elements.
These processes in turn create regionally specific, visible indicators, which help identify and
delineate hydric soils in a field setting. These indicators are not intended to replace or modify
the requirements contained in the definition of a hydric soil; they are dynamic, and open to a
degree of human interpretation. Some hydric soils lack any currently listed and accepted
indicators; therefore, the lack of any listed indicator does not prevent classification of a particular
soil as hydric. However, such soils and their specific morphologies, are included and specified in
the necessary field guides.
In this wetland, hydric soils were identified using the 2013 Pocket Guide to Hydric Soil Field
Indicators, prepared by the Wetland Training Institute, Inc, in conjunction with the Munsell Soil
Color Book, a standard reference manual prepared by the Munsell Color Company and used by
the United States Department of Agriculture. Wetland test plot soil findings are as follows:
Wetland 1 – Sample Plot A – Wet
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-6” 10YR2/1 100 N/A - - - Sandy Clay
6-9” 10YR3/1 99 10YR4/6 1 C PL Silty Clay
9-14” 10YR2/1 99 10YR6/8 1 C PL Silty Clay
14-15” 10YR3/2 93 10YR4/6 7 RM M Sandy Clay
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix, D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated
Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
Wetland 1 – Sample Plot B – Wet
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-13” 10YR2/1 100 N/A - - - Loam
13-14” 10YR2/1 95 10YR3/6 5 RM M Silty Clay
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix, D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated
Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 10 | M S A
In wetland test plots A and B, hydric soils were indicated. In both upland test plots, soils were
determined to be a sandy loam (See Appendix A; Data Forms).
3. Hydrology
Hydrologic conditions result from the interactions between meteorological, surface and ground
water, as well as physical and biological factors that influence the flow, quality, or timing of
water. Therefore, the determination of the presence of hydrologic conditions focuses on the
corresponding presence of factors that most directly influence the persistence of water in a
specific area. Similar to the indicators used in hydric soils, and because watersheds vary
tremendously across the country, regional hydrologic indicators are used to more easily identify
wetlands in the field.
Both wet test plots in Wetland 1 displayed the same four Primary Hydrology Indicators (water
marks, algal mat or crust, inundation visible on aerial imagery, and a sparsely vegetated concave
surface), as well as the same three Secondary Hydrology Indicators (dry-season water table,
saturation visible on aerial imagery, and geomorphic position) (Appendix A; Data Forms)
All dry test plots in Wetland 1 displayed none of the Primary or Secondary Indicators for
wetland hydrology (Appendix A; Data Forms).
Wetland 2
Paired Data Point GPS Co-ordinates:
Plot A – Wet: 48.10608N 122.81250W
Plot A – Dry: 48.10598N 122.81250W
Plot B – Wet: 48.10610N 122.81244W
Plot B – Dry: 48.10604N 122.81224W
Plot C – Wet: 48.10614N 122.81287W
Plot C – Dry: 48.10629N 122.81293W
Plot D – Wet: 48.10638N 122.81245W
Plot D – Dry: 48.10616N 122.81244W
1. Vegetation
Due to limited biodiversity in a long-term agriculturally disturbed landscape and the
consequent redundancy of plant species, test plots are combined below.
Wetland 2 – Sample Plots A,B,C and D – Wet
Stratum Common Name Latin Name Status
Herb Soft Rush Juncus Effusus FACW
Herb Reed Canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea FACW
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Wetland 2 – Sample Plots A, B, C and D – Dry
Stratum Common Name Latin Name Status
Tree Scouler’s Willow Salix scouleriana FAC
Shrub Nootka Rose Rosa Nutkana FACU
Shrub Scotch Broom Cytisus scoparius FACU
Herb Narrowleaf plantain Plantago lanceolate FACU
Herb American Vetch Vicia americana FAC
Herb Orchard Grass Dactylis glomerata FACU
Herb Colonial Bentgrass Agrostis capillaris FAC
Herb Reed Canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea FACW
Herb Canadian Thistle Cirsium arvense FAC
Herb Common Sheep Sorel Rumex acetosella FACU
Herb Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens FACU
Herb Common Dandelion Taraxacum officinale FACU
2. Soils
Wetland 2 – Sample Plot A – Wet
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-10” 10YR2/2 99 2.5YR4/6 1 C PL Loam
10-13” 10YR4/1 75 10YR3/6 25 C M Sandy Loam
13-16” 10YR2/2 85 10YR3/6 15 - PL+M Loam3
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated Sand
Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
3Depleted matrix present with redox in some pore linings
Wetland 2 – Sample Plot B – Wet
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-8” 10YR2/1 97 10YR5/6 3 C PL Loam
8-16” 10YR3/2 95 10YR4/6 5 C PL Clay Loam
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated
Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 12 | M S A
Wetland 2 – Sample Plot C – Wet
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-6” 10YR2/1 100 N/A - - - Clay Loam
M 10YR2/1 98 10YR5/6 2 RM PL Silty Clay
9-14” 10YR2/1 99 10YR6/8 1 C PL Silty Clay
14-15” 10YR3/2 93 10YR4/6 7 RM M Sandy Clay
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated
Sand Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
Wetland 2 – Sample Plot D – Wet
Depth
(inches)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color % Color % Type1 Loc2
0-5” 10YR2/1 100 N/A - - - Silty Loam
5-15” 2.5YR5/1 70 10YR3/6 30 RM M Silty Clay
1Type: C=Concentration, RM=Reduced Matrix D=Depletion, CS=Covered or Coated Sand
Grains
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix
In wetland test plots A, B, C and D hydric soils were indicated. In all upland test plots, soils were
determined to be a sandy loam (See Appendix A).
3. Hydrology
Wet test plots in Wetland 2 displayed most of the same three Primary Hydrology Indicators
(algal mat or crust, iron deposits, inundation visible on aerial imagery); select individual wet test
sites also showed oxidized rhizospheres along living roots. Wet test plots in Wetland 2 displayed
most of the same two Secondary Hydrology Indicators (saturation visible on aerial imagery,
geomorphic position); one individual wet test site also showed water stained leaves (Appendix
A; Data Forms).
All dry test plots in Wetland 2 displayed none of the Primary or Secondary Indicators for
wetland hydrology (Appendix A; Data Forms).
VI. Wetland Rating
The intent of a rating is to provide a basis for protecting and managing wetlands; this is
accomplished assessing a wetland’s valued functions and resources -- ecological, economic, or
aesthetic. In the process of a rating, a wetland is given a score according its comparison to
standardized categories and specific attributes such as rarity, sensitivity to disturbance, and the
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 13 | M S A
functions they provide. Based upon this score, the wetland is then placed in Category 1 through
Category 4; the former is a wetland of greatest value, based upon the rating rubric’s
characterization of its inherent value, while the latter is a wetland of least value. A specific
buffer, identified in accordance with each individual wetland’s rating score, is then
recommended, using standardized and established guidelines. While all wetlands provide some
functions and resources that are valued, be they ecological, or aethestic, they also vary widely;
consequently, the recommended buffer, identified in accordance with each individual wetland’s
rating score, reflects that particular wetland and its specific qualities.
Of the four wetland areas investigated on the property, each one was determined to fall into the
class of Depressional. According to the Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western
Washington 2014 Update (Hruby 2014), Depressional wetlands occur in topographic depressions
where the elevation of the surface within the wetland is lower than in the surrounding landscape.
The shapes of Depressional wetlands vary, but in all cases, the movement of surface water and
shallow subsurface water is toward the lowest point in the depression. The depression may have
an outlet, but the lowest point in the depression is somewhere within the boundary, not at the
outlet.
The wetlands were rated using the Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western
Washington (2014 Update). When the final wetland category is determined, it is based on either
functions or special characteristics (whichever is higher). The rating system for special
characteristics was designed to differentiate among wetlands based on their sensitivity to
disturbance, their significance, their rarity, the ability to replace them and the functions they
provide. Wetlands identified with special characteristics are rated by function in addition to
special characteristics because in some cases there are additional buffer widths due to a very high
score in one of the three functions listed below.
In accordance with Jefferson County Code, Table 18.22.330(3), Wetland Categories, Rating
Scores and Buffer Widths, rating categories are divided into four grades, in order of descending
buffer size: Category I with total scores of 23-27; Category II with total scores of 20-22;
Category III with total scores of 16-19; Category IV with total scores of 9-15.
The category of wetland based on functions is rated by the following parameters:
1) Water Quality Functions: a wetland’s potential to improve water quality
a) Potential of the wetland to improve water quality of and surrounding the wetland.
b) Potential of the wetland to support the water quality function of and surrounding the
wetland. (This parameter regards the ability of the wetland to mitigate for and lessen
the toxicity of potential pollutants on and surrounding the wetland).
c) Potential of local water quality improvement provided by the wetland to
benefit adjacent waters.
2) Hydrologic Functions: a wetland’s potential to improve hydrology
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 14 | M S A
a) Potential to reduce flooding and erosion
b) Potential of wetland to support the hydrologic functions of the site (this parameter
regards the ability of the wetland in reducing the toxicity of potential pollutants on-
site and up-gradient of the wetland).
c) Potential of wetland to help capture surface water that might otherwise flow down-
gradient into areas where flooding might occur.
3) Habitat Functions: a wetland's potential to provide important habitat/ecological value
a) Potential of the wetland to provide habitat for natural living systems.
b) Potential of the accessible and undisturbed habitat and land use intensity surrounding
the wetland to support the habitat functions of the site.
c) Value of wetland to society; degree to which it provides habitat for species valued in
laws, regulation, or policy.
Wetland 1 – Rated Category IV – Buffer of 40 Feet
This wetland, which is found in the National Wetlands Inventory (Figure 2), is approximately
0.30 acres. It is relatively homogenous in shape and boundary, amidst a field of agricultural land;
MSA wetland specialists surmised it must have served as a livestock watering hole at some
point. As there are no Special Rating characteristics within the wetland and its associated 330
foot surroundings, the wetland was rated, based on its functions, to be a Category IV
Depressional wetland (Appendix A; Data Forms).
As the property owners have expressed interest in the northern central section as a possible
building site, the buffer was established according to the Jefferson County Code table
18.22.330(2) (updated for use with the 2014 rating system) for moderate impact land uses
(single-family residential use on parcels larger than one acre) at 40 feet (Figure 1).
As defined earlier in this report, Wetland 1 was also delineated; this delineation boundary was
used to establish the baseline for the 40-foot buffer.
Wetland 2 – Rated Category IV – Buffer of 40 Feet
This wetland, which is found in the National Wetlands Inventory (Figure 2), is approximately
0.47 acres. It is approximately horseshoe in shape and generally homogenous of boundary,
amidst a field of agricultural land; as it directly abuts the existing farmhouse, MSA wetland
specialists surmised it may have been further developed as a recreational pond. As there are no
Special Rating characteristics within the wetland and its associated 330 foot surroundings, the
wetland was rated, based on its functions, to be a Category IV Depressional wetland (Appendix
A; Data Forms)
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 15 | M S A
As the property owners have expressed interest in the northern central section as a possible
building site, and as Wetland 2 currently abuts the existing single farmhouse, the buffer was
established for moderate impact land uses (single-family residential use on parcels larger than
one acre) at 40 feet (Figure 1). As defined earlier in this report, Wetland 2 was also delineated;
this delineation boundary was used to establish the baseline for the 40-foot buffer.
Wetland 3 – Rated Category 1V – Buffer of 60 Feet
This wetland, which is found in the National Wetlands Inventory (Figure 2), is approximately
1.48 acres. It is relatively elongate in shape, running from northwest-to-southeast and its
boundary is relatively homogenous. The southern portion of this wetland is approximately 30
feet from 5th Street, a neighboring residential road, as well as being approximately 100 feet from
a neighboring single-dwelling home. According to aerial photographs and satellite images from
the past, this area is generally wetter than Wetlands 1 and 2; the southern property line is
generally lower in elevation than the northern property line, and topography slopes in a generally
southeast direction. As there are no Special Rating characteristics within the wetland and its
associated 330 foot surroundings, the wetland was rated, based on its functions, to be a Category
IV Depressional wetland.
Given the location of Wetland 3, this buffer was established according to the Jefferson County
Code table 18.22.330(2) (updated for use with the 2014 rating system) for high impact land use
wetlands without a delineated boundary (single-family residential use on parcels larger than one
acre; public roads) at 60 feet (Figure 1). The boundary for this wetland buffer was found using
field vegetative indicators, aerial photography, satellite imagery, and GPS.
Wetland 4 – Unrated at Property Owners Request – Buffer of 300 Feet
This wetland is approximately 4.55 acres. It is relatively elongate in shape; located in the western
1/8th of the property, it runs approximately northwest-to-southeast. A smaller wetland, along
with a freshwater pond, is found in the National Inventory of Wetlands. Upon field research and
examination of aerial photographs and satellite images, MSA wetland specialists determined that
the smaller wetland and the freshwater pond are hydrologically contiguous, and form the ends of
a larger wetland corridor (4.55 acres). The southeastern end of this wetland abuts the southern
property line; the northwestern end abuts the northwestern property line. According to aerial
photographs, satellite images, and topographical maps, flow moves in a generally southeast
direction. The area is generally agricultural grassland, with scattered scrub-shrub forest.
This wetland was not rated; however, based on MSA specialists experience with the rating
system in general, as well as the ability to compare it to the three other Category IV wetlands on
the property, it is very like that Wetland 4 would be categorized as a Category IV as well. On
request of the property owner, with thought to preserve the area in its current state for potential
future easement, a buffer was recommended in line with what Jefferson County Code table
18.22.330(2) specifies for a Category 1 wetland of high impact land use without a delineated
boundary: 350 feet. The boundary for this wetland buffer was found using field vegetative
indicators, aerial photography, satellite imagery, and GPS.
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 16 | M S A
VII. Summary
This wetland report documents the presence of four wetlands on the property of 3057 7th St, Port
Townsend WA. Two were delineated and rated, one was rated, and one was mapped. All four
were given buffers; three as according to specifications in Jefferson County Code table
18.22.330(2) for Category IV wetlands, and one according to specifications in Jefferson County
Code table 18.22.330(2) for a Category 1 wetland. The location and size of the wetlands and
their associated buffers is defined both in Appendix A, as well as Figure 1.
Respectfully submitted,
Marine Surveys and Assessments
______________________________
James Ialeggio
Staff Wetland Ecologist
______________________________
Amy Leitman
Senior Biologist, Owner
Swanson Farm (3057 7th St, Port Townsend WA) Wetland Report 17 | M S A
VIII. References
Cowardin, LM., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe, 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service document FWS/OBS-
79/31. 84pp. Washington D.C.
Hitchcock, L.C. and A. Cronquist, 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest.
University of Washington Press. 730 pp.
Hruby, T., 2014. Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western Washington -
Revised. Washington State Department of Ecology Publication
#04-06-025.
Jefferson County Unified Development Code, Title 18, Article VII. July 2006.
Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1998. GretagMacbeth. North Windsor, New York.
Pocket Guide to Hydric Soil Field Indicators Based on Field Indicators of Hydric
Soils in the United States v. 7.0 with Updates, Prepared by Wetland
Training Institute, Inc., 2013
Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (1987):
Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0), US Army
Corps of Engineers, May 2010.
Speare-Cooke, S., 1997. A Field Guide to the Common Wetland Plants of
Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society.
417 pp.
US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of Jeffeson County Area,
Washington. December, 2013
US Fish and Wildlife Service. National Wetlands Inventory. 1978
Washington State Department of Ecology, 1997. Washington State Wetland Indentification and
Delineation MAnual. Ecology Publication #96-94, Olympia, Washington.
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IX. Figures
Figure 1. Site and Vicinity Map
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Figure 2. National Wetland Inventory (NWI) Map
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Figure 3. NRCS Soil Survey
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Figure 4. Vegetation Line between upland and wetland
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X. Appendices – Rating Forms, Delineation Forms, Additional
Maps
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