HomeMy WebLinkAbout721043009 Geotech Assessment (2005)
STRATUM GROUP
1451 Grant Stiroet, Bellingham, WA 98225
Phone (360) 714-9409
May 16, 2005
John Nisbet
4817 F,aglemont Road
Chimicum, WA 98325
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Re: Geology Hazard Evalaation and Stormwater Recommendsttons
Proposed Developme~at
Lots APN 721-043-010, -001, -009, -014, -015, and -016
Jefferson County, WA
Dear Mr. Nisbet:
Stratum Group is pleased to present the results of our gedogy hazard evaluation of the above
referenced property located on South Point Road in Jefferson County. The propose of this
geology evaluation was to qualitatively evaluate the risk of slope failures impacting developna~ent
on the subjoet property and provide general site development and maintenaace reeomco~endetions.
It is my understandingthat asix-lot development is proposed on the site with three lots located
east of South Point Road betvween the road and the shoreline and three lots located west of South
Point Road. No spocific home development plans are proposed at this time. The putpase of this
evaluation is to provide recommendations for fiidu+e home siting and development.
As part of this evaluation, I completed the stormwater site plan submittal template for the site.
Stormwater recommendations are provided in this report as appropriate management of
stormwater on the site is a significant requirement to prevent stormwatar from negatively
impacting the stability of the slopes.
This evaluation .included a visual inspection of the property and vicinity, a visual inspection of
the slopes on the property and vicinity, review of available geologic mapping in the area, and
inspection of the shoreline on the eastern side of the property, and inspection of the streann valley
that flows through the property. Shallow test pits were excavated on the property as well to
assess the geology of the site and for purposes of evaluating storm water impacts on the site and
vicinity.
The property is located on the east and west sides of South Point Road. Hood Canal is located on
the east side of the property. The location of the property is indicated on Figure 1. The property is
located in the southeast quarter of Section 4, Township 27N, Range 1 East W.M.
May 16, 2005
Nisbd Proposed Dbvelorymera, Jetkrson County, WA
ca-toeY Amt
SCOPE OF SERVICES
The scope of our services included the following:
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1) Conducted a site visit to visually inspect the subject property including the slope
conditions, shoreline conditions, and relevant conditions in the vicinity of the
pro1~Y• .
2) Observed surface soil conditions on the slopes and on the uplands above the
slopes on the property and vicinity.
3) Prepared this report s~ our findings, including a qualitative evaluation
of the slope stability in regards to proposed development on the property, .
recommendations for site development, and recommendations for fiuther
investigation, if necessary.
GENERAL. GEOLOGY
Northwestern Washington has been occupied by continental glaciers at least four times during
the Pleistocene Epoch (1.6 million to 10,000 years ago}. During these glacial and accompanYir~
interglacial periods, the underlying bedrock was eroded and a relatively thick layer of glacial
related and interglacial fluvial sediments were deposited over the underlying bedrock in the
vicinity of the subject property.
The C*~1 ~c M~ of Sur6cial Uenosits in the Seattle 30' by 60' Ouadranal~~C washi
(Yount, Mineral, and Dembrofli 1993) indicates the subject property is underlain by Vashon Till
and recessional outwash deposits. The louic Man of~- J~ unto.
Washin¢ton (Birdseye,197~ indicates the property is underlain by Vashon glacial till and
Vashon advance outwash deposits.
Both maps indicate the upland area along the road and east of the road is underlain by till. The
till consists of nonsorted, nostratified clay, silt, sand and gravel up to boulder size with the
coarser material embedded into the finer matrix. The till was deposited directly by glacial ice and
is in a very hard compact condition.
Yount, Minard and Dembroff (2993) indicate the shoreline slopes are underlain by recessional
outvvash while Birdseye (197C} indicates the shoreline slopes are underlain by advance outwash
deposits. The tow units both consist of seed, gravel and silt deposits associated with glacial melt
water. The advance deposits were deposited as the Puget lobe ice sheet advanced toward the area
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May 16, 2005
Nisbet Proposed Developtnent,le4fasan County, WA
Geology Amt
while the recessional deposits were deposited as the glacier r from the area. Advance
outwash deposits were overridden by the glacier and have been highly compacted by the vweight
of the glacial ice. Rccxssional deposits have not been overridden by glacial ice and therefore tend
to be not be. compacted and are in a loose condition. Based on my site observations, I concur with
Birdseye (197 that the shoreline slopes are underlain by advance outwash deposits. Sari, silt
and clay units observed on the slopes are highly compacted, coarsen upward, and are diroctly
overlain by glacial till. These feahues are consistent with the deposits being advance outwash. It
is likely that the difference between the maps was simply a transcription error as the Yount,
Minard and l~mbroff (1993) map is a compilation map that reliod on the mapping completed by
Birdseye (197 and the notation on the Birdseye (1976) map is difficult to read.
The ~lopg Stability Mac ofEast-Central Jefferson County Washington (Birdseye,1976)
identifies the subject property area as having both unstable areas and stable areas that may
become unstable if modified by man. The stable areas are the gentle upland slopes of the property
and the unstable areas are the steeper slopes acct slopes near the shoreline. No recent landslides
or areas of past rapid movement are identified on the slope stability map on the subject property.
A deep-seated landslide is located on the eastern portion of the property east of South Point
Road. This landslide feature is a very old feature. Movement of the slide has taken place in the
recent past as trees are twisted and &aCt~ues are present on the ground surface of the slide area.
SPECIFIC STCE OBSERVATIONS
A sketch map of the property with pertinent features indicated is provided in Figure 2. The
property is bounded on the east by Hood Canal. South Pout Road bisects the property. Three of
the building lots are located between South Point Road and Hood Canal, and three of the lots are
located west of South Point Road. The western side of the property is approximately 200 feet
above sea level. The property generally slopes down to the east towards Hood Canal. The subject
property istree-covered with mature second growth forest.
Six terrain areas are present on the subject property and are indicated on the site plan sketch
(Figure 2) and are described below. In addition to the six terrains described below, this section
provides a description of other relevant features regarding water flow and topography on die site.
Landslide Complex
Adeep-seated large la~slide is located on the eastern side of the property and extends a short
distance to the north of the properly and to the south of the property. This slide is approximately
800 feet wide with a headwall area 300 feet from the shoreline. Based on tilted sildclay Layers
along the beads and the steepness of the headwall area, the failure plain extends below sea level
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May 16, 2005
Nisbet Proposed Developmait, Jetye~son County, WA
Geology Amt
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and is within the very compact clays that underlie the area. There is no evidence of recent deep-
seated movement on the headwall scarp or at the beach area of the slide. However, recent
movement of brokcn blocks within the slide complex is evident from the twisted trees, tilted .
trees and fi~actures on the ground surface of the slide complex area.
The failure mechanism of the slide appears to be the result of lateral v~ that have
developed within the very compact silt/clay underlying the lower slopes of the area. These
silt/clay units have been very compacted by overriding glacial ice but the lack of confinement to
the east by the erosion of Hood Canal has created a stress field that has fracttured the clay unit.
The slide will continue on a periodic basis as the toe of the slide is removed by erosion at the
beach on the east side of the property. The toe of the slide acts as a counterweight to the slide
mass and, as material is removed from the toe area, the slide will rotate fiuther and may .
ultimately expand towards the west.
The current headwall scarp is cuts across the three lots on the east side of South Point Road. The
headwall scarp is approximately 50 feet high. The scalp is underlain by compact sand, silt and,
on portions of the upper ski to the loath, glacial till or ice contact deposits. The headwall
slope is h+ee-covered with matlu~e cedar, fir and maple with an understot~y of brush and ferns.
Except for the fact that the steep slope is a laadsGde scarp the slope is fairly stable with only
shallow surficial failures present. No evidence of new headwall scarps forming is present on the
subject property.
North Building Area
The north building area is located above the northern portion of the headwall of the landslide.
The area slopes gently to the north and to the northeast. The North Building Area is bound on the
east by the Laa~lslide Complex, on the west by the R$vine and on the sough by South Building
Area. The slope of the North Building Area continues to the north down to the shoreline between
the landslide complex and the ravine.
The area is underlain by sand and silt. Except for a small cleared area covered by grass, the area
is tree-covered. The ground slope of the area is suich that any surface water flow would flow to
the north or to the northeast towards the ravine, versus flowing towards the landslide scarp. No
unstable slopes are present in this area arxi there are no indications that this area has been
impacted by deep-seated slope failures.
South Building Area
The south building area is a very gentle sloping to level to undulating area bdween the landslide
complex on the east and South Point Road on the west. The separation of this area from the
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May 16, 2005
Nisbd Proposed Dev~elopnant, ~cfferson County, WA
Goob&y' Assa:oedt
North Building Area to the north is because of the slope direction Where any surface water run
off from the north building area would be directed to the north and northeast away from the deep-
seated landslide, surface watex run off from the South Building Area may be directed towards the
landslide area without directing water away From the area. In addition this area straddles the
central axis of the doep seated landslide complex and is located above the highest portion of the
headwall scarp.
Ravine
The ravine is a steep sided ravine with a stream at its base. The stream flows along the south side
of the western portion of the property from west to east. Approximately mid way along the south
property boundary the stream turns sharply to the northeast and cuts through the properties. Fill
has been placed into the ravine and the stream passes through a culvert under South Point Road.
The ravine is approximately 40 feet deep. .
Side slopes. of the ravine are primarily underlain by sand with lesser amounts of silt and clay.
Slopes on the of the ravine are as steep as 45 degr+ee4 but gcnecalty average between 35 to
40 degi+oes. The side slopes of the ravine are tcce-covered with matiu+e second growth forest and
old growth stumps are pmegent as well. The slopes are generally stable with minor soil creep and
small slumps in places near the bottom that have been undercut by the stun.
The stream flows off bf till underlain areas to the west. It appears the ravine is the result of the
stream having incised through the erosion resistant till into the more erodable outwash sand and
gravel. The lower part of the stream appears to have eroded down to the top of hard erosion
resistant clay/silt.
Fill Slopes
Fill slopes are present along South Point Road where the road crosse4 the ravine. The fill soils
were likely derived by cutting into the local grade both south and north of the ravine. The fill
slopes are on the order of 40 degrees and are tree and brush covered. F,xoept for minor soil creep,
the slopes are stable.
Road Cut Slopes
Steep slopes are located along the west side of South Point Road where the road carts along the
base of the slope in the north central portion of the property. The highest part of the road cut is
approximately 20 feet high. The cut slopes are primarily underlain by very compact Glacial till
and except for minor shallow sloughing and soil creep are stable. The slopes are mostly brush
covered.
Stratw~(3r~P Fria 11.1&04
The west upland is located west of South Point Road above the South Point Road cut and the
ravine. The area is tree covered and slopes very gently to the east. The outer edges of the upland
area are well deSned by sharp slope breaks onto the steep slope of the ravine and t>ua road cut.
The upland eras extends off the property to the west and north. Most of the west uplatrd area is
underlain by compact glacial till soils. No unstable slopes are pmt within Upland Area 1
except the potential unstable areas associated with the proximity to the steep slopes of the ravine
and road cut slope adjoining the upland area.
Other Relevant Features
A number of other relevant ftatures of ate regarding site stability not described in the above
terrain areas are present on the property and vicinity.
South Point Road has been cut down into the topography of the upland area to the west of the
landslide area in order to maintain a grade firm the upland area down to die low land area north
of the subject property. The removal of soil has reduced the load on the upland area above the
landslide.
In addition, ditches are located on both sides of the county road fa drainage and storm. water.
Rainwater hitting the road on the upland area above die landslide is ccmveyed via the ditches to
ravine on die subject property. Hence, rainwater on the road area that would otherwise have
impacted the slide area is conveyed away from the slide. Shallow perched groutxl water is
intenxpted by the uphill ditch on the southwest side of the road and conveyed to the ravine.
The net effect of the road on the landslide complex is positive because the road has reduced the
mass of soil above the landslide area and is removing water that would otherwise reach the
landslide.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on my visual inspection of the subject property and vicinity and analysis of the tannins on
and in the vicinity of the subject property, I oo~lude that residencxs can be located on the gentle
sloping upland erase as indicated in the site plan sketch. Residences located within these areas
should not be at risk from bluff erosion or landsliding that would threaten the structures witrin
die expected life of the structuues.
Stormwater plans for the site development should also be followed. I completed a stormwater
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May 16, 2005
Alisbet proposed Developtrernt, Jefferson County, WA
Geob~y Ameat
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JUN - 62005 ..~
submittal template for the proposed project. Full dispersion will be utilimed on all of the sites. Lot
APN ?21-043-010 east of tl~ county road will require that surface storm water run off be
directed into the county ditch on the west side of the lot.
Specific recommendations for each of the six lots are presented below. Lr addition to the six lots,
specific recommendations for landslide vegetation management are provided and should be
followed to ensure that the site development does not further increase landslide activity beyond
the nat~ual conditions. Figures 3 through 8 are provided for lot specific recomrneardations.
Lot APN 721-043-014
Building can place anywhere on this lot as long as the building site is setback at least 20 feet
back: from the top of the steep slope created by the county road cut.
No timber harvest should take Place within the setback area. Harvest of and clearing of trees for
developno~ent purposes is limited to 35% of the property per the requirements of the storm water
pleas goals for full dispersion of storm water. No trces should be removed within the stcep slope
setback or on the steep slope. No debris should be placed on the steep slope on the lot.
Storm water run off from the roof gutters should not be muted towards the steep mad cut slope
and should be dispersed or infiltrated into the ground in a dispersed manner outside the setback
areas.
The septic drain field should not be located within the setback area. Tl~ addition of water 5+om a
drain field outside the setback area should have negligible impact to the mad cut slope.
Lot APN 721-04.3-015
Building can place anywhere on this lot as long as the building site is set back at least 20 feet
back from the top of the steep slope created by the county road cut. The building should also be
set back at least 20 feet from the top of the ravine slope on the east side of the property
No timber harvest should take place within fire setback areas on the cut slope or on the ravine
slope. Harvest of and clearing of trees for development purposes is .limited to 35% of the
property per the requirements of the storm water plans goals for full dispersion of storm water.
No trees should be removed within the steep slope set back or on the steep slope. No debris
should be placed on the steep slopes on the lot.
Storm water run off from the roof gutters should not be muted towards the steep mad cut slope
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May ~[/, LWS
Nisbet Proposed Developmart, Jefferson County, WA
Geology A~aaa~eat
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and should be dispersed or infiltrated into the ground in a dispersed manner outside the setback
areas.
The septic drain field should not be located within the setback area. The addition of water from a
drain field outside the setback area should have negligible impact to the road cut slope.
Lot AIPN 721-043-016
Much of this lot is within the ravine that crosses through the area. The east half of the site is
located within the ravine and the ravine slopes are located all along the southern edge of the lot.
The slopes of the ravine are fairly stable, but are subject to surface creep and there is a risk of
differential settlement along the top edge of the slope from minor surface movement.l3acause of
the narrowness of the upland area above the ravine on the subject property, the practical building
area is located in the approximately middle portion of the lot where the upland area is wider. This
site is suitable for building as long as the building site is set back at least 20 feet back from the
top of the ravine slope.
No timber harvest should take place within the setback areas on the cut slope or on the ravine
slope. Harvest of and clearing of trees for development. purposes is limited to 35% of the
property per the requirements of the storm water plans goals for full dispersion of storm water.
No trees should be removed. within the steep slope setback or on the steep slope. No debris
should be placed on the steep slopes on the lot.
Storm water run off from the roof gutters should be dispersed or infiltrated into the ground in a
dispersed manner outside the setback areas.
Lot APN 721-043-009
Any buildings conshucted on the property should be located at least 40 feet back from the
landslide complex scarp and at least 1 S feet fi+om the steep slope associated with the ravine. It is
my opinion diet the chance of the landslide complex expanding within the 40-foot set back is
very low. However, the consequences to any sl~ctures within that zone would be very high.
The proposed building area envelope is consequently limited to an upland area bounded on the
east/southeast by the landslide complex and on the west by the ravine. The proposed building
area is located above the northwestern limb of the slide area and is not located along the
centerline of the slide access. Another factor is that slopes on this upland area are towards the
north and even the northwest away from the slide area. Therefore any storm water generated at
the building site caa readily be directed to the north or northwest away from the slide area. In
addition the slope is such that any clearing in this area will not cause an increase of water
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May 16, 2005
Nisbet Proposed Develop, Jefl~son County, WA
Geology Amt
impacting that landslide complex.
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The slopes of the ravine northwest of the building site area are on the order of 25 degt+ees and
appear to be stable and do trot pose a hazard to the subject property building area. However, any
structure should be setback at least 15 feet from the top edge of the slope to avoid the risk of
differential setdemcnt from foundation loads.
No timber harvest should take place within the setback area above the landslide scarp or within
the landslide area excxpt that described in the Landslide Vegetation Management section of this
report. No harvest should take place on the ravine slopes that are greater than 20 degrees. Harvest
of and clearing of trees for development purposes is limited to 35% of the property per the
requirements of the storm water plans goals for full dispersion of storm water. No debris should
be placal on the steep slopes'on the lot or anywhere on the landslide hazard area or landslide
ha~srd area buffer.
Storm water run off should be dispersed or infiltrated into the ground in a dispensed manner on
the forest Boor to the northlnorthwest of the building site such that no water is directed towards
the landslide area or landslide area buffer. Dispersion of storm water should be directed onto the
forested floor on the elope above the ravine or on the upper slope of the ravine.
Lot APN 7Z1-043-001
This lot is very similar to Lot APN 721-043-009 in regards to recommendations. Any buildings
constructed on the property should be looted at least 40 feet back from the landslide complex
scarp along the northern portion of the lot and 30 feet back along the southern portion of the lot.
Buildings should be located at least 15 feet from the steep slope associated with the ravi~. It is
my opinion that the chance of the landslide complex expanding widen the 40-foot to 50-foot set
beak is very low. However, the consequences to any structures within that zone would be very
high Because the southern portion of the lot is closer to the centerline of ~e axis of the
landslide, the setback in this area should be slightly larger. The risk of a larger portion of the
upland being impacted is greater near the axis than along the Limb of the slide complex.
The proposed building area envelope is consequer-tly limited to an upland area bounded on the
easdsoutheast by the landslide complex and on the west by the ravine and county road. The slope
of upland area is towards the north/nortl~east such that the directing of any storm water to areas
away from the landslide area can be readily accomplished and the area cleared will have minimal
impact on recharge of water to the landslide complex.
The slopes of the ravine northwest of the building site area are on the order of 25 degrees with
the slope being steeper near the southwest portion of the lot. A culvert passing under the access
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May 16, 2005
Nisbet Proposod Dev~eloprrle<rt~ Jatfasou Coiulty, WA
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road to the lot discharges storm water from the county ditch onto the ravine slope with only
minor erosion. The ravine slopes appear to be stable and do not pose a hazard to the subject
properly building area. However, any structure should be set back alt least 15 feet from the top
edge of the slope to avoid the risk of differential settlement from foundation loads.
No timber harvest should take place within the setback area above the landslide scarp or within
the landslide area except that described in the Landslide Vege~ion MaiaagamcM section of this
report. No harvest should take place on the ravine slopes that are greater than 20 degrees. Harvest
of and clearing of trees for development purposes is limited to 35% of the property per the
requirements of the storm water plans goals for full dispersion of storm water. No debris should
be placed on the steep slopes on the lot or anywhere on the landslide hazard area or landslide
hazard area buffer.
Storm water run off should be dispersed or in5ltrated into the ground iii a dispersed manner on
the forest floor to firer nordi/northwest of the building site such that no water is directed towards
the landslide area or landslide area buffer. Dispersion of storm water should be directed onto the
forested floor on the slope above the ravine or on the upper slope of the ravine.
Lot APN 721-OA3-010
Lot APN 721-043-001 is located near the centerline of the axis of the landslide complex-,Any
buildings coiistructod on the property should be located at least 50 feet bank from the landslide
complex scarp. It is my opinion that the chance of the landslidc complex expanding withua the
50-foot set back is very low. However, the conseglreirces to any stnichires within that zone would
be very high.
The proposed building area envelope is consequently limited to an upland area bounded on the
east by the landslide complex and on the west by the county load. The upland area is nearly level.
The road to the west is slightly lower so that it would be very feasible to direct any storm water
to the road ditch on the west side of the lot.
No timber harvest should take place within the setback area above the landslide scarp or within
the la~slide area except that described in the Landslide Vegetation Management section of this
report. Harvest of and clearing of trees for development purposes is limited to 35% of the
property per the requires of the storm water plans goals for full dispersion of storm water.
No debris should be placed on the steep slopes on the lot or anywhere on the landslide hazard
area or larxlslide hazard area buffer.
Storm water run off should be directed to the ditch on the west side of the pmperiy. The
discharge of access mad run off and roof drainage to the ditch will not cause a significant
Stia4rn Group
Fia~ 11.18.04
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Nisbet Proposed Development, Jefferson Co~mty, WA ~ ~ , .
Ceoloay Assasm~t ~- ; ~-' -,
increase in volume to storm water flow in the ditch and this is the ~ i
where the ditch will be utilized for storm water.
Lsndslide Vegetath-n Management
As describedabove adeep-seated landslide is located on the lots east of the county road. At the
present time the headwall scarp of the landslide area is stable and erosion rates at the toe of the
slide area appear to be very slow. However, increased hydrologic loading can increase the rate
and frequency of huxlslide movement.
Management of vegetation on the deep-seated landslide and the landslide buffer can be done in a
manner that will have minimal impact on the hydrology of the landslide area. Tree removal on
the landslide is aeoeptable as long as the tree removal is limited to deciduous trees and all
evergreens are left ~ the landslide.and landslide buffer. Deciduous trees have n~ligible effects
on hydrologic recharge during the winter months when long wet periods would tend to cause soil
saturation. Tire removal of deciduous trees will have the added benefit of increasing the growth
of small shaded evergreen trees such that overtime the amount of rainwater impaling the slide
area will be deu+eased.
Limbing and topping of e~ for the creation of view corridors may cause a slight increase
in water reaching the slide surface, but actions outside the slide area described below will more
than offset the increase of water from limbing and topping of evergreens. Once again, the
limbing a~ncl topping may increase light to the forest floor and stimulate additional growth of the
smaller tress on the site.
Some actions in the vicinity of the landslide have inadvertently decx+eased the amount of water
reaching the landslide arcs. The construction of the road also directs potential ~ water and
shallow ground water fi+onn reaching the slide area. The proposed building on the lots will also
direct stufru~e water run off from rainfall away from the landslide area.
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11
May 16, 2005
Nisbd Proposed Devaelopment, JeYfa~soii County. WA
Geology Amt
CLOSURE
Please note that there are inherent risks associated with lots near or adjacent to steep slopes.
These are risks that the building owner should recogaize and be willing to accept. If conditions
appear different than those described in this n~ott, or other concerns arise, we request that we be
notified so we can review those areas and modify our recommendations as required.
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you. Should you have any questions regarding
please contact our office at (360) 7149409.
Sincerely yours„
Stratum Grewp
McSb~ane, M:S., L.E.G.
Licensed Engineering Geologist
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