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HomeMy WebLinkAboutWetland Buffer Enhancement Plan 901263005 ... ," I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I WETLAND BUFFER ENHANCEMENT PLAN FOR 2743 Center Road (Tax parcel No: 901-263-005) RI[~(~Ey,rED NAY - 1 2001 JEffERSON COUNTY OeD JEFFERSON COUNTY, WASHINGTON Prepared For: Richard Brees 407 Embody Road Port Ludlow, W A 98365 Prepared by: ~;~ ~.- - - it4 Wiltermood Associates, Inc. 1015 SW Harper Road Port Orchard, W A .98367 (360) 876-2403 April 27, 2007 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I INDEX INTRODUCTION PAGE 1 WETLAND AND BUFFER REDUCTION REGULATIONS 2 WETLAND AND BUFFER CONDITIONS 2 ENHANCEMENT PLAN Goals of the Enhancement Plan Planting Plan Specifications 3 4 4 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 5 MONITORING PLAN 6 MAINTENANCE PLAN 7 CONTINGENCY PLAN 8 PERFORMANCE BONDS 8 ATTACHMENTS Buffer Restoration Plan Drawing I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I INTRODUCTION This wetland buffer enhancement plan has been prepared for the property located at 2743 Center Road, Chimacum, Jefferson County, Washington (Tax Parcel No. 901 263 005). The enhancement is being completed because a buffer reduction is being proposed on the property for the placement of a home within a portion of the 100 foot Category II wetland buffer. There is no alternative location for the home because the property is severely restricted by critical area buffers and the front yard setback off Center Road. Based on comments received from the Jefferson County Department of Community Development, a buffer reduction will be allowed if a buffer enhancement plan is prepared that meets the satisfaction of the Administrator. The site plan developed by DR Strong shows the home and septic placement as far from the wetland and on site stream as possible while still adhering to .the zoning setbacks. This.document represents a wetland buffer enhancement plan. This wetland buffer enhancement plan proposes to plant the existing degraded wetland buffer along the inner 40 feet of the 100 foot on site wetland buffer both in the reduced buffer area and in the required buffer area (See Buffer Enhancement Plan drawing). The plan will keep the reduced to enhanced buffer ratio at a slightly greater than 1: 1. It was determined that approximately 7,300 square feet of wetland buffer will be reduced immediately surrounding the home and septic with room for a small yard. Approximately 7,947 square feet of wetland buffer be enhanced for a ratio of approximately 1.08: 1. Plants to be installed in the enhanced wetland include vine maple, pacific ninebark and mock orange, Indian plum, tall Oregon grape, Douglas fir and shore pine. Plant installation will most likely occur during the winter of 2007-2008 since site development is still in review. Monitoring will be required for a period of five years following implementation of the enhancement plan to ensure that the plants survive and grow to meet the success standards laid out in this plan. Maintenance will be necessary during the monitoring period to remove blackberry and other non-natives so that they do not hinder the growth and survival of the installed plants. Watering may be required each summer of the 5 year monitoring period at least one time per week to ensure survival of the installed plants. Four performance standards will be used to gauge the success of the mitigation plan and they include at least 90 % survival of the installed plants and less than 15 % cover by non-natives/invasives during each year of the five year monitoring period and at least 50 % cover by the native volunteer and installed plants by the end of the five year monitoring period. By the end of the five year monitoring period, the conifer trees should be at least 4-7 feet tall and the shrubs should be at least 3-4 feet tall with a species diversity of at least three species having at least 15 % cover over the entire enhanced area. Contingency measures will include installation of plants if the survival rate is below the specified standard during the first two years or installation of additional plants if percent cover standards are not being met. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I JEFFERSON COUNTY WETLAND BUFFER REDUCTION REGULATIONS Wetland buffers can be reduced through processes laid out in the Jefferson County Unified Development Code 18.15.340 Protection standards Reducing Buffer Widths: The Administrator may reduce the standard wetland buffer width, when the project applicant demonstrates that.standard wetland buffer width averaging as set forth in this section is unfeasible and the project application includes a buffer enhancement plan using native vegetation which substantiates that an enhanced buffer will improve the functional attributes of the buffer to provide additional protection for functions and values. The property is so confined by critical areas and critical area buffers that it is unfeasible to place a home on the property without reduction of wetland buffer. Buffer averaging is unfeasible for this property, because the wetland buffers appear to extend off site on all sides of the property, excluding the small area in the southwest property corner where the home and septic is proposed, therefore this buffer enhancement plan is proposed in order to allow for the proposed buffer reduction to 40 feet in the proposed homesite location. The current degraded condition of the buffer leaves opportunity for the buffer to be improved through planting and maintaining of an enhanced buffer that improves. the function of the reduced buffer by installing native tree and shrub species. The buffer currently contains areas that are completely invaded by Himalayan blackberry and Canadian thistle with impacts from old refuse (wire and garbage) left in the buffer from the past residents. This plan proposes to remove the non-native invasive plants and garbage from the buffer, while at the same time planting the inner 40 feet of the wetland buffer to provide future protection to the wetland. Overall, the enhanced reduced buffer will provide greater function to the wetland than the currently degraded required buffer by providing a vegetated buffer that will block sight and sound from the future development and provide habitat plants for wildlife using the wetland and buffer. WETLAND AND BUFFER CONDITIONS Wetland A is a Palustrine sloping scrub shrub/emergent/ forested Category II system that requires a 100 foot buffer according to the Jefferson County code. The on site wetland is characterized by mixed emergent vegetation composed of slough sedge (Carex obnupta) OBL, soft rush (Juncus effusus) F ACW +, creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) F ACW, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) F ACW and horsetail (Equisetum arvense) FAC. There are a few scattered patches of hardhack (Spiraea douglasii) FACW, Sitka Willow (Salix sitchensis) FACW and Pacific willow (Salix Lucida ssp. lasiandra) FACW + throughout the on site portion of the wetland representing the scrub shrub vegetation class. Red alder (Alnus rubra) FAC and western red cedar (Thuja plicata) FAC overhang the wetland fringes. Forested portions of the wetland were observed just off site to the south and aerial photos indicate a possible aquatic bed portion of the wetland off site to the south as well. Hydrology for Wetland A appears to be mostly from the associated seasonal 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I stream flows north from a significantly larger portion of the wetland off site as well as seasonal runoff and possible seeps. See Wetland Delineation Letter dated February 1, . 2007 for additional detail on Wetland A and the surrounding uplands. The current condition of the wetland buffer is degraded from an old mobile home that has been removed. The buffer was mowed and cleared at one time and an orchard was planted. Since that time, the buffer has overgrown with non-native invasive species and old refuse and fencing wire remain in the buffer. The vegetation in the wetland buffer consist of a sparse tree layer of domestic apple (Malus domesticus) NI (Assumed FACU), and a domestic/wild cherry cross (Prunus X pugetensis) NI assumed F ACU. There is a mixture of Indian plum (Oemleria cerasiformes) F ACU, serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) FACU and Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) FACU in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer is dominated by scouring rush (Equisetum hyemale.) FACW- and Canadian thistle (Cirsium arvense) FACU. The vegetation where the home is proposed is dominated by grassy areas dominated by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) FACU, stinging nettle (Urtica diocia) FAC+ and Comfrey (Symphytum officianale) NI. There is a sparse tree layer of Oregon Ash (Fraxinus latifolia) FAC and old landscaping trees, with low percentages of California huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum) FACU and Holly (Ilex aquifolium). ENHANCEMENT PLAN This enhancement plan proposes to plant native tree and shrub species in approximately 7,947 square feet of wetland buffer along the inner 40 feet of the 100 foot buffer in order to improve the functions of the currently disturbed wetland buffer. The buffer will be reduced from 100 feet to 40 feet in the area immediately surrounding the home and septic drainfield with room for a small yard. The total buffer reduction area is 7,300 square feet including the small yard around the home and a portion of the septic drainfield. The areas where the home and septic area proposed in the buffer area already currently degraded because of the old mobile home that was previously removed. AI: 1 ratio for buffer impact to buffer enhancement is typical for single family projects. This plan proposes a slightly higher ratio at 1.08 : 1 allowing for enhancement of 40 feet along the entire impacted edge of the on site wetland because it will provide the mpst protection to the wetland system. The 7,947 square feet of enhanced buffer will be planted with 246 native plants including vine maple, pacific ninebark, mock orange, Indian plum, tall Oregon grape, Douglas fir and shore pine. Shrubs will be planted in clumps to emulate natural conditions with trees scattered in between the shrubs. Monitoring of the planted areas will be required for a period of five years to ensure that the plants survive and grow to create a diverse tree and shrub buffer community. Maintenance will be also be necessary to ensure survival and good growing conditions and will entail removal of garbage and wire from the buffer, removal of non-natives/invasives and watering on a regular basis during the summer months. Four performance standards 3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I will be used to gauge the success of the mitigation plan and they include at least 90% survival of the installed plants and less than 15 % cover by non-natives/invasives during each year of the five year monitoring period and at least 50 % cover by the native volunteer and installed plants by the end of the five year monitoring period. By the end of the. five year monitoring period, the conifer trees should be at least 4-7 feet tall and the shrubs should be at least 3-4 feet tall with a species diversity of at least three species having at least 15 % cover over the entire enhanced area. Goals of the Enhancement Plan The goals of this enhancement plan are to improve the natural functions of the wetland buffer (ability to clean runoff and to provide habitat and a sight and sound barrier to the wetland from human activity) by planting and ensuring establishment of a diverse tree and shrub community dominated by native species. The 'objective for plant installation will be 90% survival rate among the native plants, at least 50% cover by native vegetation in the buffers and less than 15 % cover by non-native plants including Himalayan blackberry, Scot's broom and Canadian Thistle. The survival rate and non-native plant cover standards are expected to be met every year of the five year monitoring period while the 50 % cover standard will be met by the end of the required five year monitoring period. The conifer trees should be at least 4-7 feet tall and the shrubs should be at least 3-4 feet tall with a species diversity of at least three species having at least 15 % cover over the entire enhanced area. Planting Plan and Spe~ifications The plants that are chosen for this enhancement plan are native to Jefferson County and because they typically grow fast and can become established over the prescribed monitoring and maintenance period. Plant installation should take place during the dormant season between October 15th and March 15th, to ensure the plants get a good start in the spring when water and temperature levels are optimal for growth. Plant installation can also take place during the spring and summer provided the plants are regularly watered after installation. In general, the plants will be laid out randomly by hand in their respective clumps and not measured out by string line. The plants will be installed by digging a two to five foot diameter hole and placing the plug from the pot into the ground once the soil around the plug is loosened. The hole will then be backfilled with the dug out soil and loosely packed down around the plug. Substitutions may be necessary for species or individuals that cannot be found at local nurseries and all plant substitutions shall be approved by the project biologist prior to installation. See Detailed Buffer Enhancement Plan for location of plants in the buffer. 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Plant Common Name Botanical Name Plant size # 37 Vine Maple Acer circinatum 1 gal 37 Pacific Ninebark Physocarpus capitatus 1 gal 36 Mock Orange Philadelphus lewisii 1 gal 48 Indian Plum Oemlaria cerasiformes 1 gal 24 Tall Oregon Grape Mahonia aquifolium 1 gal 37 Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Min 24" 27 Shore Pine Pinus contorta Min 24" The project biologist will be on site prior to and during the plant installation phase to verify that the species, quantity, and sizes of the plants are of the correct species or the approved substitutions have been made and that the plants are healthy and free of disease. The biologist will be able to help place the plants so that they are in the appropriate locations. Each of the plants will be flagged for easy identification and to indicate their presence during future maintenance activities. While conducting the on-site inspection of plants, the biologist shall identify and flag any existing native shrubs or trees in the enhanced wetland buffer area that will be saved and considered part of the enhancement plan. Also the biologist will identify areas in which non-native plants will be removed by the root as part of the maintenance of the buffer planting plan. An as/built will be prepared by the biologist after the planting has been implemented that documents the date of the planting, how it was implemented, and where the photo stations will be located. Baseline photos will be provided in the as/built. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The performance standards have been developed to monitor the success of the installed plants with respect to the survival of individuals and percent cover provided by native plants (installed and naturally occurring) by the end of the five year monitoring period. The following performance standards have been developed for this mitigation plan: 1. Survival Rate-Every Monitoring Year · 90% survival of planted species within the enhanced buffer areas. The main objective of this enhancement plan is to improve the plant species diversity by establishing native vegetation. 2. Percent Cover by Native Plants · Year One-at least 10-15% cover by installed native plants · Year Two-at least 15-20% cover by installed native plants · Year Three-at least 20-30% cover by installed native plants · Year Four- at least 30-40 % % cover by installed native plants · Year Five-at least 40-50% cover by installed native plants. 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3. Diversity and Plant Height-End of the Five Year Monitoring Period . Minimum of 3 species within the buffer areas, each having cover of at least 15 %, with plant heights between 3-4 feet for the shrubs and 4-7 feet. among the trees. 4. Non-Native Invasive Coverage-Every Monitoring Year . Less than 15 % cover by non-native exotics, including but not limited to Canadian Thistle, Himalayan blackberry, reed canary grass and Scot's broom. MONITORING PLAN The monitoring plan has been prepared so that it can be conducted by the current owner or by a biologist. Monitoring will occur for a period of five years following installation of the plants to track the success of the project and to ensure that the performance standards are met. Monitoring will take place at the end of each summer (August or September, which is considered the end of the growing season) so that the plants have had a chance to grow fully. Survival rate and percent cover of installed plants will be monitored using sample plots. Monitoring will take place at three to four 30 to 40-foot diameter sample plots established in the enhanced buffer for monitoring purposes. The sample plots will be representative of the entire enhanced buffer and each will be used to determine if the site is meeting the established performance standards. Performance Standard #t-Survival Rate-Survival rate will be determined by counting the number of live plants within each sample plot and dividing by the number of plants originally installed (per design and as built), which will give a percent survival rate for each unit. Performance Standards #2 and 3-Percent Cover-The percent cover standard will be monitored as if looking over the sample plot areas from above and estimating the areas covered by the individual species including both installed and native volunteer species. The height of plants will be recorded during each monitoring visit by estimating height compared with the field biologist conducting the monitoring. A measuring stick can also be used to determine the height of each plant. The data is collected and recorded for each species so this data can be. used to determine whether Performance Standard #3 is being met. Performance Standard #4-Cover by Non-Natives- The cover by non-native plants, which on this site will include English ivy, Scot's broom, and blackberry, should be kept below 15 %, which is why regular maintenance is required. The cover by these species will be determined through the same process as determining the cover of installed plants. If the percent cover by non-natives rises above 15 %, more intensive maintenance must be conducted. 6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I The monitoring phase of the project will begin upon submittal and acceptance of the as built report, which will show the location of the plants installed using photos and hand drawn maps, upon completion of plant installation. The as built drawing will then be used in the five year follow up monitoring to track the changes in vegetative cover and document the survival rate of the plants installed as part of the mitigation plan. Photo . stations will be established at several points around the mitigation areas to include photos of all mitigation areas. The as built report will be submitted to the regulatory agencies within a month of implementation. Monitoring at the end of the growing season will allow the maximum growth and survival of the individual plants to be documented. Photos will be taken of the mitigation areas from the points established during completion of the as built so that the same areas are visually documented over the entire five year monitoring period and the changes can be easily compared. The photos and data collected in the mitigation areas will be compiled into a report and submitted to the regulatory agencies to verify that the mitigation plan is developing as designed and is meeting the performance standards. The report will address whether the mitigation performance standards are being met during each monitoring year and if the final end of monitoring period standards are going to be met. Monitoring results will determine whether or not contingency measures will be needed. MAINTENANCE PLAN The mitigation areas shall be maintained at least twice during the growing season of each monitoring year to increase the survival of the plants, particularly with respect to providing water during the summer months and clearing of invasive species. Hand clearing should be done around the individual plants because it will reduce the impact to the installed plants. Hand clearing will be necessary at least two times during each growing season to ensure the weeds and grasses do not hinder the growth and development of forested communities in the enhanced wetland and buffer areas. The presence of any other native shrub or tree species (red alder, salmonberry, snowberry, Nootka rose, Indian plum, sword fern, etc.) not specifically planted in the wetlapd shall be considered part of the mitigation planting plan and will not be removed, unless they begin to compete and cause widespread die-off of the installed plants. Removal of invasives may not be necessary after three years if the plants are growing well and there has been no problem with invasive plant species. Watering of the installed plants may be necessary during the drier portions of the year to ensure plant success and can be done by hand or sprinklers. The installed plants may not require regular watering after the third year if they have proven successful in terms of survival and percent cover increases. Fertilization of the installed plants, using a granular fertilizer appropriate for native species, may be necessary to initiate growth and provide nutrients that are not necessary present in the soil. Broadcast fertilizers will not be used because they could impact quality of downstream waters. 7 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTINGENCY PLAN Although the success of the mitigation plan is not ensured, it is likely to succeed because of the size and scope of the project. If for some reason the survival rate is less than 90 % or 100%, plants that did not survive will be replaced with the same or a similar native species with the approval of the project biologist. Replacement will occur in the dormant season immediately following the growing season in which less than 90 % survival was recorded. If at the end of the fifth monitoring year, the vegetation does not cover at least 50 % of the enhanced wetland and buffer areas, additional plants may need to be installed. Maintenance activities will be continued for those replaced plants to ensure their survival. The performance bond will ensure that the project will be carried out to its conclusion if the current owners fail to implement the mitigation plan or monitoring. Monitoring may be extended by another year if the contingency plan is required. PERFORMANCE BONDS Performance bonds m,ay be required by the Jefferson County Department of Community Development to ensure fulfillment of the compensation project, monitoring program and any contingency measures. The bond amounts are determined by estimating the cost of the plants and labor to install them, the cost to complete the as built letter to let the county know that the mitigation plan has been implemented, and the monitoring/maintenance costs. There are two performance bonds. The first covers implementation of the mitigation plan and will be released follow'lfig Gtdi.'mitt81 and acceptance of the as built by the county. The second covers maintenance and monitoring and will be released upon acceptance of the final monitoring report by the County. The totals for each performance bond area based on the figures for the services listed and multiplied by 125 % for the bonding cost as required by Jefferson County. Implementation of Enhancement Plan 246-gallon bareroot and/or containerized plants, planting labor & tax included (Based on native plant nursery price list as per planting specs) $1,968.00 Cost for supervision by project biologist (estimated: 4 hours @$90/hr) Supervision of plant installation As- Built design and letter 360.00 720.00 TOTAL FOR INSTALLATION PHASE TOTAL X 125% FOR INSTALLATION BOND $3,048.00 $3,810.00 Monitoring and Maintenance (After Plant Installation) Year One Monitoring Year Two Monitoring Year Three Monitoring $720.00 720.00 720.00 8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Year Four Monitoring Year Five Monitoring Monitoring Total 720.00 720.00 $3,600.00 Maintenance (Twice Yearly Weed Removal and weekly watering) Year One Maintenance Year Two Maintenance Year Thre'e Maintenance Year Four Maintenance Year Five Maintenance Maintenance Total $400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 $2,000.00 TOTAL FOR MONITORING/MAINTENANCE PHASE TOTAL X 125% FOR MONITORING/MAINTENANCE BOND $5,600.00 $7,000.00 9 81^l :)..8 03>i:J3H:J 8 r :,1.8 NM'v'~O Og = ~ :3l\f:JS LO ~l V :31'v'O ~ ..:10 ~ 133HS LOll170 'ON ear ~OvZ-9Lg (09~) L9~g6 VM 'p.JD~::l.JO tJOd pDO~ .J~d.JDH 'M'S 9 ~O ~ S8+D!80SSV pOOWJ8+I!M NOll 'V~ III ~ cL3.:L:f n 8 0 N'Vl13M S33~8 - - - - - - - - - - / ~2[86 pDO~ ~OO[92106-Ndl 'V f\ (wn:JDW!L1J ~a+uaJ [vL2 ssa~PP'V a+!s ~9[86 'Vf\ (puasuMol +~Od pDOtj ^poqW] LOv saa~8 p~DL1:J!~ ~Oj pa~Dda~d N/"\OHS S~ ,,'t::r2 NIW 'O+vlO+UO:) snU!d JNld J~OHS L2 ~ N/"\OHS S~ IIv2 NIW !!sa!zuaw '06ns+opnaSd ~IJ S~l~nOQ LE * QJdWnlJ JO , s; ^" l~~ 1 wn!loJ!nb'O 'O!uoY'OW Jd~~~ NO~J~O ll~l v2 J QJdWnlJ JO , S; ^" l~~ 1 S!WvloJ!s'Ovla:) 'O!vlalwao Wnld N~IQNI 8v Q QJdWnlJ JO , S; ^" l~~ 1 !!S!Ma1 snydlap'Ol!Yd J~N~~O >1JOW 9E J QJdWnlJ JO , S; ^" l~~ 1 sn+ 'O+!d'O:) sndvl'O:)os;\Yd >1~~aJNIN JIJIJ~d LE a QJdWnlJ JO I S; ^" l~~ 1 wn+ 'OUpvlp vla:)~ Jld~W JNI^ LE ~ ~NIJ~dS JZIS JW~N l~JIN~ loa ]W~N NOWWOJ N~n~ WAS 'lS/Q070/8 lJ3fOdd 3Hl /8 030N3YVYVOJ3d S\1' d3Z/7Ild3-.:1 \1' dO d3dnlJ\1'-.:1nN\1'JIV 3Hl /8 030N3J1VYVOJ3d SlNnOJIV\1' 3Hl 1 \1' 03d31S/N/JIVO\1' (S\1'3d\1' d3-.:1-.:1n8 N/ 03Sn 38 / \1'01 d3Z/7Ild3-.:1 QNIl \1'7nJIVIlS H1MOdQ \1' .\1'3d\1' QNIlN\1'7d 3Hl 01 SnON3Q/ON/ 7/0S 38 77\1'HS 7/0S 77/-.:1>1J\1'8 QNIlN\1'7d '1S/Q070/8 lJ3fOdd 3Hl /8 03110ddd\1' 38 lSnJIV N\1'7d 3d\1'JSON\1'7 3Hl N/ S3QN\1'HJ dO S7\1'/d31 \1'01 IN\1'7d /N\1' -.:10 SNOllnl1lS8nS 'S7/\1'130 d3d 38 77\1'HS QNIl N\1'7d 8ndHS ON\1' 33dl 'H1MOdQ ~o Nd311 \1'd 7\1'dnl \1'N \1' 31 \1'7nYV3 01 S3NOZ 3111lJ3dS3d d/3Hl N/Hl/M 03J\1'd5 d\1'7n~N\1'/dl .(3N/7 QN/dlS /8 iON '1 no 0/\1'7 ON\1'H) J1VOON\1'd 38 77/M QNIl N\1'7d 77\1' 'S7\1'/d31 'rIJIV 1 N\1'7d /1/7\1'nO /7ddnS 01 030N3J1VYVOJ3d S3/d3SdnN -.:10 lS/7 \1' 30/IIOdd 77/M lS/Q070/8 lJ3fOdd 3Hl 'SNOIl \1'lS3-.:1N/ -.:10 J1VdO-.:1 /N\1' ON\1' S3S\1'35/0 (51J3-.:130 /N\1' -.:10 33d-.:1 (H1MOdQ -.:10 SnOdOQ/1I (ONnOS 'A Hi 7\1'3H 38 77\1'HS S7\1'/d31 \1'01 QNIl N\1'7d 77\1' '100d3d\1'8 dO 03Z/d3N/\1'1 NOJ 38 01 3d\1' Sl N\1'7d 03100d 03d/nOJ \1' /77\1'/Jd3YVJlVOJ 77\1' '1S/Q070/8 lJ3fOdd 3Hl /8 0311 Oddd\1' 38 lSnYV SNOIl \1'J07 031 N\1'7d ON\1' S7\1'/d31 \1'01 1 N\1'7d 77\1' 'SNOIl/ONOJ 073/-.:1 01 QN/OdOJJ\1' lN3JlV1SnfO\1' 033N A \1'01 ON\1' 31 \1'JIV/XOddd\1' 3d\1' SNOIl \1'J07 IN\1'7d '1S/Q070/8 lJ3fOdd 3Hl /8 03110ddd\1' 38 lSnJIV SNOllnl1lS8nS / N\1' '03/-.:1/J3dS S\1' 030/11 Odd 38 lsnYV 3Z/S ON\1' S31l1l N\1'nO (S3/J3dS 1 N\1'7d '1-.:1 OS Lfr6'Lrv = lN3YV3JN\1'HN3 d3-.:1-.:1n8 ON\1'713M -.:10 \1'3d\1' 7'r1101 '1-.:1 os OO[,'L rv = NOllJn03d d3~~n8 ON\1'713M -.:10 \1'3d\1' 7\1'101 '900Z d38J1V31 d3S IN/ (S31 \1'/JOSS\1' 000JIVd317/M /8 031 \1'3N/730 SON\1'713M 'LOOZ HJd\1'JIV (QNIl7nSNOJ ~NOd15 dO /8 030/IIOdd N\1'7d 31/S NO 03S\1'8 QN/M \1'dO 'QN/M \1'dO 5/Hl NO NMOHS iON 57/\1'130 -.:10 1dOd3d 1N3YV3JN\1'HN3 d3-.:1-.:1n8 ON'rI713M 33S 'lS/Q070/8 lJ3fOdd 3Hl /8 03N/JIVd3130 38 77/M SNOIl \1'J07 QNIlN\1'7d ONnOdQ 3Hl NO 7\1'nlJ\1' '1N31N/ SMOHS ON\1' JIl \1'YVYV'rId~\1'/O S/ QN/M'rIdO :s 31 0 N 7/'V130 EJN/lN'V7d 8n~HS tJ3N/'tjlNOJ IN'tj7d tJO lOOtJ3tJ'tj8 : ,I I \. 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