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HomeMy WebLinkAboutICG Special Meeting Frank Tuffner presentationOctober 10, 2024 A Shifting Landscape Frank Tuffner PNNL-SA-204570 How microgrids, distributed energy resources, alternative fuels, and electric vehicles are impacting the power system and how they can be used in new ways Stock Image 1 2 DOE’s 17 national laboratories address critical scientific challenges OPTIONAL - for use with general audiences, those unfamiliar with the national laboratory system, and the community DOE’s system of national laboratories grew out of the Manhattan Project, creating unprecedented science and technology capabilities required to design and build the first atomic bomb. Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, and Hanford (which later evolved into PNNL) were created to meet this initial mission. As DOE’s mission evolved, so did the network of labs. Today, the DOE S&T complex consists of 17 labs located across the United States that support DOE’s missions in scientific discovery, energy, national security, and environmental stewardship. While each laboratory has its own unique scientific tools, facilities, capabilities, and projects, the national laboratories also engage in crosscutting science activities and collaborative projects that leverage their talents and assets. From basic research and scientific discovery to development and demonstration of advanced technologies and other innovations, these 17 world-class institutions constitute the most comprehensive research and development network of its kind. 2 Electricity and Energy Infrastructure Nuclear Power and Regulatory Support Energy Security and Emergency Response Carbon Management and Fossil Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Environmental Management 3 PNNL’s Energy and Environment mission delivers innovations for our energy future OPTIONAL – for use when discussing PNNL’s energy and environment mission with sponsors Electricity and Energy Infrastructure: Modernizing the electric grid for better resiliency, security, and flexibility. PNNL also co-leads the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC). https://www.pnnl.gov/electric-grid-modernization Energy Security and Emergency Response: Ensuring resiliency during extreme events and responding to grid-related emergencies for the DOE Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER). https://www.pnnl.gov/emergency-response Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE): Research includes commercial and residential building energy, transportation—from biofuels to batteries and lightweight materials—and renewable energy. https://www.pnnl.gov/energy-efficiency, https://www.pnnl.gov/transportation, https://www.pnnl.gov/renewable-energy Nuclear: Energy and Regulatory: Research related to Nuclear Energy (advanced reactors, fuels, materials for sustainability, etc.), and significant support to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (e.g. environmental assessment; regulatory framework for advanced reactors). https://www.pnnl.gov/nuclear-energy Carbon Management and Fossil Energy: We work with the DOE Office of Fossil Energy on carbon capture and storage solutions. https://www.pnnl.gov/fossil-energy Environmental Management: In support of the DOE Office Environmental Management and its contractors’ efforts to resolve legacy waste, PNNL provides R&D from basic science to operational deployment. https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-management 3 4 Loads and devices are changing Image: Truck charging depot at Port of Long Beach https://www.freightwaves.com/news/wattev-opens-public-truck-charging-depot-in-long-beach-port This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4 Solar and wind generate a majority of U.S. electricity by 2050 in the Reference and High Uptake cases 5 AEO2023 Release, RFF March 16, 2023 U.S. net electricity generation by fuel billion kilowatthours Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2023 (AEO2023) Note: IRA=Inflation Reduction Act *Includes utility-scale and end-use photovoltaic generation and excludes off-grid photovoltaics. **Includes petroleum, conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, wood and other biomass, pumped storage, non-biogenic municipal waste in the electric power sector, refinery gas, still gas, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. No IRA Low Uptake Reference High Uptake 5 6 What are distributed energy resources (DERs)? Electric resource that provides some capability into the power system. May be “behind the meter” or “in front of the meter” Not necessarily just generation Typical examples: Solar PV Diesel/natural gas generator Electric vehicles Energy storage Controllable loads (demand response) 6 7 Not all DERs are created equal Operating conditions Grid following (only work on existing energized system) Grid forming (able to form an independent island) Energy limitations (solar PV at night) Some DERs have other uses Electric vehicles Alternative fuel production This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA 7 V2OMG 8 V1G = Unidirectional Charging V2X = Bidirectional Charging V2G = Vehicle-to-Grid V2P = Vehicle-to-Premise V2B = Vehicle-to-Building V2H = Vehicle-to-Home V2M = Vehicle-to-Microgrid Credit: Vehicle Grid Integration Council, V2X Bidirectional Charging Systems Best Practices for Service Connection or Interconnection https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dcde7af8ed96b403d8aeb70/t /62fd4c3cfc19490ee68d71eb/1660767294489/VGIC-Special-Initiative-2022.pdf 8 9 What are microgrids? DOE definition of a microgrid: “A group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.” Example microgrids: Radio station Ski resort Remote derrick Community/subdivision https://www.energy.gov/oe/role-microgrids-helping-advance-nations-energy-system 9 10 Why would you want a microgrid? Resilience/Reliability Emergency/Back-up Power Power quality Energy independence Economics Infrastructure extension Line/conductor upgrade deferment Demand charges/time-of-use pricing 10 11 U.S. Department of Energy and PNNL projects on microgrids Leverage DERs for both: “Blue sky” – normal conditions, all is well “Gray sky” or “Black sky” – abnormal conditions, resource limitations Microgrids Help deploy energy-intensive devices Provide backup power to critical operations Use DERs to help diversify energy sources and reduce costs Deployment/operational challenges Regulations Cybersecurity 11 12 Example – Washington State University Pullman Campus Provides backup/continuous power to WSU Pullman campus Life-safety system backup Continuous power/operations of steam plant Multiple generators for variable load/maximum efficiency Reverse-power checks at campus edge Prevent back-feed into larger grid Potential capability to power beyond the campus edge to hospital or city hall (disaster relief) 12 13 Example – Cordova Electric Cooperative Population of 2600 Isolated system No connecting roads to nearby towns No interconnection with larger electric grid Electric Cooperative Load: ~18 MW Seasonal (canneries) Generation: 7.5 MW hydroelectric plants 10.8 MW diesel generation 1 MW/1 MWh battery 13 14 Example – Cordova Electric Cooperative Approaches Energy Storage Technical Assistance Program – deploy battery to help maximize hydro-generation utilized, reducing diesel usage Resilient Alaskan Distribution system Improvements using Automation, Network Analysis, Control, and Energy storage – leverage advanced measurement devices and optimization algorithms to help the system be resilient to natural disasters Cordova Electric Cooperative Energy Storage Integration – use battery energy storage and building controls to reduce diesel usage Heat pump deployment – reduce need of diesel fuel for heating, promoting energy independence Operational issues: Diesel-fueled generation Expensive to operate Hydroelectric generation Maximize usage of the energy Disaster Conditions Earthquakes Tsunami zone Avalanches 14 15 Example – Electric Power Board of Chattanooga (Citadels Project) Increase distribution resiliency through flexible operating strategies Dynamic participant list for networked microgrids Utility-owned and customer-owned assets both engaged Distributed, consensus-based algorithms deployed to accomplish operational goals Utilized Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) to coordinate between the various devices, including Intellirupter reclosers 15 16 Example – Port Benefits of Microgrids/Port of Seattle General Port Benefits Resiliency: Power critical infrastructure during bulk power system outage Increase redundancy of power availability Enhance port energy independence Economics: Provide flexibility to integrate cost effective energy solutions Enable participation in available energy markets Avoid high costs of power outages Climate: Decrease emissions by integrating renewables and generators powered by cleaner fuels Integrate DERs to support new electrical loads Port of Seattle/Seattle City Light Project Resiliency: Leverage ferry battery to provide backup power during large-scale event Networked microgrids to share resources Image Source: https://www.portseattle.org/cruise-ships 16 17 Engaging with PNNL (shameless plugs) Technical assistance programs Grid Deployment Office (DOE-GDO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Microgrid Assistance Partnership (DOE-OE) Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOA) Washington-specific grants Direct engagement 17 18 Questions? 18