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Comments on Jefferson County SMP - June 3, 2009 Draft
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Jeanie Orr
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From:
Jeanie Orr
Sent: Wednesday, June 17, 2009 12:06 PM
To: Michelle McConnell
Cc: AI Scalf; Stacie Hoskins; Jeanie Orr
Subject: FW: Comments on Jefferson County SMP - June 3, 2009 Draft
Attachments: JeffCtySMP-PFPS0609.pdf
From: Cyrilla Cook [mailto:ccook@pugetsound.org]
Sent: Wednesday, June 17, 2009 11:38 AM
To: #Long-Range Planning
Cc: AI Bergstein
Subject: Comments on Jefferson County SMP - June 3, 2009 Draft
Hi DCD:
Attached please find People For puget Sound's comments on the Jefferson County SMP. Planning commission draft. Please enter them into the
official publiC record, and do not hesitate to call me should you have questions. Thank you.
Cyrilla Cook, AICP
Shorelines Program Manager
People for puget Sound
(206) 382-7007 ccook@pugetsound.org
6/17/2009
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June 17, 2009
pugetsound.org
DCD - SMP Comments
621 Sheridan Street
Port Townsend W A 98368
Sent via email toplanning@co.jefferson.wa.us.
Dear Jefferson County Planning Commissioners and DCD:
Thank you for the opportunity to submit comments on the Jefferson County Shoreline
Master Program Update dated June 3, 2009. People For Puget Sound is a citizen-based,
nonprofit organization whose mission is to protect and restore Puget Sound and
the Northwest Straits. We have actively participated on the Shoreline Policy Advisory
Committee (SP AC), and we thank DCD staff and consultants for their stellar work in
drafting the SMP update, as well as engaging committee members throughout the
process. While we appreciate the Planning Commission's efforts to improve the draft, we
are disappointed that the work of the citizen committees seems to have been ignored.
Over the last three years, SP AC members have contributed a considerable amount of time
towards gaining a clear understanding of the purpose of the update, reviewing its content,
and addressing concerns of the Port, development community, business owners, the
environmental community, Tribal representatives, aquaculture farmers and residential
property owners. SP AC members have worked very hard to suggest language to balance
competing interests, and we have diligently worked with staff to make the state rules for
SMP updates work at the local level.
Weare extremely concerned that a significant number of policies and regulations to
protect shoreline ecological functions and processes have been proposed for deletion.
These provisions are essential towards ensuring Jefferson County shorelines remain
healthy and vibrant as new growth and development occurs.
Proposed Revisions We Support
We support the changes made to page 10-6 to streamline the process for homeowners to
replace their existing home damaged by fire so long as it is on the existing footprint.
Proposed Revisions We do Not Support
Chapter 6
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 2
Page 6-1: Policy 1.A.3 has been deleted, which required that uses and development be
discouraged in areas that are ecologically valuable, hazardous, or that possess rare or
fragile natural features. Please reinstate this policy.
Page 6-4: Regulation C.3.ii has been deleted, which requires that cumulative impact
assessments take into account reasonably foreseeable future use and development of the
shoreline. Evaluation of the impacts of future use and development is a key requirement
in the SMP Guidelines (WAC 173-26-201 ,3( d)3iii) towards meeting the no net loss goal.
Please reinstate this regulation.
Page 6-4: Regulation D.3 has been deleted, which required that all development comply
with the adopted CAO. Please reinstate this regulation.
Page 6-5: Regulation D.5. changed the 10 foot setback to a 5 foot setback. Ten feet is a
more reasonable setback to ensure that homeowners have enough room to maintain their
homes without having to place ladders or equipment within the buffer.
Page 6-5: Regulation D.5 The 150 foot buffer for shoreline residential and high intensity
environmental designations has been reduced to 50 feet. We urge you not to reduce these
science-based buffers, which were carefully considered as part of the Critical Areas
Ordinance Revisions adopted by the Planning Commission and the Board of County
Commissioners last year. We agree the County needs a cheap and easy process for
permitting single family development on nonconforming lots. However, applying a 50
foot buffer to over 60 miles of shoreline is an unacceptable solution here, as it will result
in inadequate building setbacks that put buildings at risk by erosion and sea level rise,
and will result in significant harm to fish and wildlife habitat, species, and Puget Sound
water quality. The county should adopt 1 50-foot shoreline buffers to ensure no net loss
of shoreline ecological functions, and develop criteria and a streamlined process that
allows for reduced buffers, so long as habitat protection is provided equivalent to the
protection provided by the150 foot buffer. This could be accomplished through limits on
shoreline clearing, enhanced planting, and other techniques.
The majority of Jefferson County's marine shorelines proposed for the 50 foot buffer
provide migratory and rearing habitat for threatened salmon species. Best available
science shows that the smaller the vegetated buffer, the less effective they become in
maintaining habitat functions, as well as removing sediments and pollutants (a buffer of
50 feet only removes about 60% of pollutants), 1 putting shellfish, eelgrass beds, and
human health at risk. Permitting multiple vegetation alteration or clearing activities
within a given area adjacent to the shoreline will result in incremental cumulative effects
that may increase over time.'
I Desbonnet, A. Pogue, P., Lee, V., Wolff. N. 1994. Vegetated buffers in the Coastal Zone: A summary
review and bibliography. Coastal Resources Technical Report No. 2064. University of Rhode Island
Graduate School of Oceanography. Narraganset, RI.
2 Enviro Vision, Herrera Environmental, and the Aquatic Habitat Guidelines Working Group, Protecting
Nearshore Habitat and Functions in Puget Sound: An Interim Guide (October 2007). Available at:
http://wdfw .wa.gov/hab/nearshore_guidelines/ . Page 11-14.
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 3
The table below provides a summary of just a few of the many important functions these
shorelines provide, which are documented in the Jefferson County Final Shoreline
Inventory and Characterization Report - Revised November 2008. Due to time
constraints, the table includes marine shorelines only.
Area proposed for 50 Documented habitat and species Inventory
foot buffer and
Analysis,
Feb. 2008
Quilcene Bay Eelgrass is continuous throughout the northern end of Quilcene Bay Page 4-29
and herring use it for spawning.
Large concentrations of waterfowl are found in northern Quilcene
Bay including trumpeter swans, brant, and diving ducks.
Quilcene Bay NSE is a Category A salmonid refugia. The NSE
includes the estuaries of the Big Quilcene River, Indian George
Creek, Devil's Lake Creek, numerous small streams, and the
nearshore areas linking these habitats.
The east shore of Quilcene Bay is a year-round haulout site and
seasonal pupping site for harbor seals. Riparian vegetation is heavy
through reach
Discovery Bay Herring use eelgrass in Bay for spawning Page 4-84
Sand lance spawning habitat is continuous along Adelma Beach,
and surf smelt spawn at the southern end of this reach
Tarboo Bay and Hood Within Reach I, over half of drift cell JE-25 has overhanging
Canal vegetation. There are patchy eelgrass beds near the southern
terminus of the drift cell. Patchy areas of Sargassum are mapped
within Reach I. Sand lance spawn on the beaches just north of
Pleasant Harbor's mouth Within Reach J herring spawn in the
eelgrass from the mouth of Turner Creek up into Right
Smart Cove. Patches of barnacles and oysters are found along this
entire segment of shoreline. Sand lance spawn on the beach at
terminus of this drift cell
Toandos Peninsula Thorndyke Bay shoreline is one of the least developed areas on Page 4-47
Hood Canal and as result is considered one of the top priorities for
estuarine conservation in the Puget Sound region
Sand lance spawn both south of South Point and north along the
outside of the spit. Surf smelt spawn on the shore just north of the
spit.
In the nearshore, eelgrass beds are continuous along the outside and
the inside of the South Point Spit and patchier farther north to
the point mentioned above. The characteristics of this reach are
unique. A small stream enters Squamish Harbor near the middle of
this drift cell and is presumed cutthroat trout habitat
Squamish Harbor Sand lance spawn along the western end of this reach (Reach W) Page 4-47,
and herring spawn in the eelgrass beds offshore 4-48
Squamish Harbor and the Shine Creek estuary is a Category A
NSE salmonid refugia. The intertidal marsh, mud flat, sand pit
and other features of the harbor and estuary provide habitat diversity
that increases their ecological value. The NSE refuge
provides highly productive rearing habitat for salmon and other
species.
Kilsut Harbor Eelgrass occurs in patchy beds throughout drift cell JEF-6. Herring p. 4-65
spawn on eelgrass throughout Kilisut Harbor. Surf smelt and sand
lance spawn along most of drift cell JEF-7
The depositional beach in Reach PP encloses a salt marsh. This
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 4
part of Kilisut Harbor is also an important overwintering area for
brant and other waterfowl.
Eelgrass is continuous along Reach RR. Surf smelt and sand lance
use this shoreline for spawning. This is an important
overwintering area for waterfowl and spawning grounds for herring
(herring roe is important food for diving ducks).
There is commercial aquaculture in Scow Bay
The proliferation of homes built 50 feet from the shoreline will also likely result in
increased demand to build shoreline armoring structures or emergency erosion control
structures3. This is both because of the perception of risk, as well as the removal of
vegetation that stabilizes the shoreline. Building too close to the shoreline can result in
vegetation removal, which can result in reduced bluff and beach stabilization, and puts
buildings at risk. Riparian vegetation, once established, provides self-perpetuating and
increasingly effective erosion control. For all shorelines (particularly those in areas with
steep bluffs), native vegetation is usually the best tool for keeping the bluff intact
Building too close to the shoreline also puts homes at risk to flooding from climate
change related sea level rise. It can also increase proposals for hard shoreline
stabilization, which can harm shoreline ecological processes, exacerbate shoreline
erosion on adjacent properties 4, and be costly to property owners. For all these reasons
we request that you incorporate the adopted CAO buffers into the SMP update.
Page 6-6: Regulation E. 1 eliminates the county's ability to require a variance for those
nonconforming lots requesting buffer flexibility. As noted above, the county needs a
streamlined process for nonconforming lots that ensures there will be no net loss of
shoreline ecological functions. Please reinstate the regulation.
Page 6-19: Regulation B-2. The criteria for the common setback line provision was
changed from 50 feet to 300 feet. This defeats the purpose of common setback lines,
which allow reasonable flexibility for property owners, while striving to gain larger
buffers. Please change this back to 50 feet.
Chapter 7
Page 7-1: Policies A.1, AA and A. 5. The word "significant" has been added to describe
the adverse effects of beach structures that need to be avoided or mitigated towards
shoreline ecology or adjacent properties. The result is that impacts that are adverse, but
less than significant on an individual basis will cumulatively add up to a net loss of
ecological functions on Jefferson County shorelines. The SMP Guidelines (173-26-231)
require that master programs reduce the adverse effects of shoreline modifications, and
assure that shoreline modifications individually and cumulatively will not adequately
protect ecological functions. Please remove the word "significant" in these policies.
] Johannessen, J. and A. MacLennan. 2007. Beaches and Bluffs of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership
Report No. 2007-04. Published by Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, W A.
4 Brennan, J.S. 2007. Marine Riparian Vegetation Communities of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore
Partnership Report No. 2007 -02. Published by Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle,
Washington. Page IS
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 5
Page 7-2: The environmental designations have been revised so that beach structures are
allowed outright, rather than by conditional use permit, along over 81 % of Jefferson
County shorelines. Further, they are now allowed in the aquatic and priority aquatic
designation, which means that beach access structures may be built over eelgrass,
salmon and forage fish habitat. This, when coupled with the rollback of the protective
policies and regulations below, will result in a major loss of shoreline ecological
functions. The DPSMP draft required conditional use (administrative) review, which
reduced the costs and timing for the applicant, while ensuring that impacts to ecological
functions and neighboring properties would be properly mitigated through adequate
review and mitigation conditions. Please reinstate the original draft language.
Page 7-3. Regulation C.4 was deleted, which required that beach access structures that
require the least amount of clearing, grading, excavation, or other forms of shoreline
alteration shall be preferred over structures that require substantial bank or slope
modification. Beach access structures, if not properly built and the shoreline properly
replanted with vegetation, can prompt erosion and landslides along the shoreline. WAC
173-26-231 (2)( d) requires that the no net loss of ecological functions shall be achieved
by "giving preference to those shoreline modifications that have a lesser impact on
ecological functions and requiring mitigation of identified impacts resulting from
shoreline modifications". This policy needs to be reinstated.
Page 7-6: Environmental designations were changed to eliminate the prohibition on private
boat launches in priority aquatic. Boat launches, if not properly sited and designed, can
interrupt sediment transport processes and fish spawning and migration. This change is
inconsistent with the purpose of the priority aquatic designation. The purpose of the
priority aquatic designation (per page 4-2) is supposed to be to "protect to the highest
degree possible, and where feasible, restore waters and their underlying bedlands deemed
vital for salmon and shellfish." It is assigned to the most vital salmon streams and
nearshore areas as well as marine shellfish habitats whose qualities include: documented
endangered species and their estuarine and freshwater habitat, intact drift cell processes,
documented forage fish spawning habitat, and important intertidal and subtidal shellfish
areas. Please reinstate the prohibition.
Page 7-11: The dock section has been substantially compressed, but it appears that
substantial protections for ecological resources from docks and piers have been
eliminated. The requirements for height, orientation, and length to minimize impacts has
been eliminated. Please reinstate.
Piers, docks, mooring floats and other types of overwater structures have the potential to
alter the physical characteristics of nearshore environments both at the site and beyond
the footprint ofthe structure5. By altering the physical processes that operate in the
nearshore environment, such as light penetration, wave energy, and sediment transport,
5
EnviroVision, Herrera Environmental, and the Aquatic Habitat Guidelines Working Group, Protecting
Nearshore Habitat and Functions in Puget Sound: An Interim Guide (October 2007). Available at:
http://wdfw.wa.gov/hab/nearshore_guidelines/. Page III-3
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 6
overwater structures can promote changes in habitats. Once habitats are altered, the
species using those habitats and the way those habitats are used may also change. The
shaded, deep-water environment under piers can create a favorable habitat for predatory
fish. Juvenile salmon ids tend to migrate around structures that shade the water column
and into deeper water where they can be exposed to predation as they migrate near the
edges of the piers. Overwater structures can also impair habitat function. For example, by
shading the nearshore environment and altering wave energy and sediment transport
characteristics, overwater structures can degrade eelgrass habitat, which is an important
refuge for a variety of important marine species.
Page 7-29 The bank stabilization policy was removed requiring that new development
and uses be designed to avoid need for bank stabilization. The adverse impacts of bank
stabilization on freshwater and marine habitats has been well documented. Preventing
the need for new shoreline armoring through smart site design is a key strategy for both
protecting property owners from harm and helping save Puget Sound. It results in a win-
win for private property owners, by keeping their homes risk-free and allowing them to
save money on costly shoreline armoring, and it is good for the environment. It is also a
requirement of the SMP Guidelines (WAC 173-26-231 )(2)a). This policy should be
reinstated.
Chapter 8
Page 8-3. Policy 3 was removed, which required that new aquaculture be sited to avoid
significant impacts to ecological processes and functions. Avoidance is a key strategy to
ensuring no net loss of shoreline ecological functions. The State Aquaculture Regulatory
Committee, which was convened by the legislature last year and represented industry,
shoreline property owners, and environmental groups, reached consensus that new
aquaculture should be subject to critical areas review and protections. The SMP needs to
clearly state that glLnew or expanded aquaculture activities must comply with the policies
to protect critical saltwater habitat and mitigate unavoidable impacts located. This policy
should be reinstated.
Page 8-3. Policy 6 was removed, established a hierarchy of preferred uses for aquaculture
according to their increasing impacts on shoreline functions and adjacent land uses. Please
reinstate.
Page 8-4. Policy 4 was removed, which prohibits net pens. These uses have been
documented to harm wild stocks of salmon and cause water quality problems. Fish
nurseries and hatcheries are now more broadly allowed, including the conservancy
environment. There are no standards to address how hatcheries should be designed and
operated to ensure no netloss of shoreline ecological functions. What kind of hatcheries
will be allowed? Does this include fish hatcheries? Fish hatcheries and net pens should
not be allowed in areas of high waterfowl concentrations or seal haulouts, as this type of
wildlife will be attracted to the hatcheries and pens and get harmed by predator exclusion
devices. Salmon hatcheries and pens should not be allowed in areas that may subject wild
salmon to disease. Will water intakes or outfalls be needed? How will waste products be
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 7
addressed? What predator exclusion devices will be needed and how will the proponent
ensure that birds and other wildlife are not harmed? Please modify the draft to require an
adequate review process to ensure environmental protection and avoidance of land use
compatibility conflicts.
Page 8-13. Environmental designations for forest practices. The provisions for regulating
selective timber cutting on shorelines of statewide significance have been removed from
the natural and conservancy designations. Forest cover provides important ecological
functions for shorelines in these environments, by allowing for recruitment of large
wood y debris and a source of terrestrial insects for salmon, and moderating temperature in
salmon streams and forage fish spawning grounds. Please reinstate the selective timber
harvest practices.
Page 8-16. Industrial. Please reinstate the language for preference for industry that has
most economic value with least ecological and neighborhood impact. Industrial land uses,
if not carefully sited and designed, can degrade shoreline habitat and water quality. The
SMP Guidelines require standards to ensure that land uses will be located only in areas
appropriate for the physical conditions of the shoreline and where no net loss of
ecological functions can be achieved.
Page 8-16. Regulations 3 and 5 were removed, which would manage noise and odor
associated with industrial development in shorelines. These policies should be reinstated
to avoid future land use conflicts between industrial and nonindustrial users.
Policy 8-18: Regulation 2 was removed, which would require that industrial development
that is part of a mixed-use development (that is, contains non-water related uses), be
required to restore eighty percent (80%) of the shoreline buffer area to provide shoreline
ecological functions and processes that approximate the functions provided by the site in
undisturbed or non-degraded conditions. This regulation helps implement the SMA goal
of reserving shorelines for water-related uses. The removal of this regulation is
inconsistent with SMP Guidelines (WAC 173-26-231), which requires that mixed use
projects provide a significant public benefit, such as habitat restoration or public access.
Please reinstate this policy.
Page 8-20: Policies 1 and 4 for mining were removed. These policies need to be
reinstated as they provide the policy basis for regulations to ensure no net loss of
ecological shoreline functions related to mining. In the environmental designations,
mining is allowed in the aquatic and conservancy environments. With removal of these
policies, shoreline critical areas, including freshwater and saltwater habitats, will not be
adequately protected; therefore, mining should be prohibited in these environmental
designations. Mining should not be allowed upland of priority aquatic habitat
designation.
Page 8-27 Residential. Policy 3 was removed, which would allow for management of
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 8
development to prevent cumulative impacts from shoreline modifications and water
pollution, such as septic tanks, and shoreline armoring. This policy should be reinstated,
as it provides the policy basis for the County to achieve no net loss of shoreline
ecological functions, as well as protect the public from health and safety risks and water
pollution.
Page 8-28. Policy 3 was changed to allow accessory dwelling units in Natural
designations. This leads to the need for more clearing of vegetation and increases in
impervious surfaces that will result in net ecological loss to shoreline functions. Please
reinstate this policy.
Page 8-28. Policy 4 was changed to allow new subdivisions in conservancy when
configured in a way that would require significant vegetation removal or shoreline
modifications or result in net loss of ecological functions. The easiest and most effective
way for the County to implement its mandate of no net loss of shoreline ecological
functions is to require that new subdivisions and development be designed to avoid areas
that have ecological resources, such as conservancy environment. This policy needs to be
revised consistent with the original draft.
Page 8-29. Regulation C.2 was revised to eliminate the prohibition on building within
channel migration zones, floodways, or eroding shorelines that would require shoreline
armoring during the useful life of the structure, or 100 years. This regulation needs to be
reinstated to protect public health and safety.
Page 8-30. Regulation 5 and 7 was eliminated, which would place height limits on
residential development, including multifamily, and require these developments to
provide open space for their residents. Jefferson County should be promoting livable
communities, by ensuring that new development provides open space proportional to that
generated by the development.
Use Table
Pages 4-6 through 4-8. The revised use table is confusing and many of the changes
contradict the changes made to the policies and regulations. Further, the changes have
weakened environmental protections and will create land use conflicts.
Beach access structures are now allowed outright, while the policies have been removed
that prevent ecological impacts to shorelines.
There is no longer a distinction between the public benefit provided by public beach
structures versus private structures.
Docks, piers, and floats proposed in the natural and conservancy environments should be
required to get conditional use permits. The dock policies and regulations have been
weakened, and now docks are allowed outright. Docks can result in significant harm to
aquatic habitats and species if not properly designed. Please reinstate the conditional use
permit requirements.
DCD - SMP Comments
June 17, 2009
Page 9
Mooring buoys are now allowed outright in priority aquatic and natural environments.
Proliferation of mooring buoys can result in navigational conflicts as well as shoreline
degradation. An administrative conditional use permit should be required.
Dredge disposal is now allowed outright in conservancy, shoreline residential, and high
intensity designations, without a conditional use permit. The conditional use requirement
needs to be reinstated to ensure that such activities can reviewed carefully to ensure
impacts to adjacent land uses and ecological processes are avoided.
Industrial uses are now allowed outright in the conservancy environment. This is
inconsistent with the conservancy designation, whose goal is sustained use of resource
lands and other relatively undeveloped shorelines while protecting ecological functions,
conserving natural, historic and cultural resources, and providing recreational
opportunities. Some industrial development is too intense for the conservancy
environment, and will result in shoreline degradation. Conditional use permits will assure
appropriate review and mitigation of industrial proposals. Please reinstate the conditional
use permit requirement.
Boating facilities and boathouses should not be allowed outright in the conservancy
environment. They require removal of shoreline vegetation and placement of impervious
surface in shoreline buffers. An administrative conditional use permit should be required
to ensure ecological impacts are avoided.
Multifamily development is now allowed in the conservancy environment outright. They
can be too intense for conservancy shorelines, as they require removal of shoreline
vegetation and placement of impervious surface in shoreline buffers. An administrative
conditional use permit should be required to ensure ecological impacts are avoided.
Transportation facilities not serving a specific allowed use are now allowed outright in
the conservancy category. Transportation facilities, by nature, result in significant
impacts to the shoreline. They require clearing and grading of natural topography, and
placement of impervious surface in shoreline buffers. Transportation facilities that are not
serving an allowed use should be required to obtain a conditional use permit.
Thank you for the opportunity to submit comments. Please do not hesitate to call me if
you have any questions at 206 382-7007, or email at ccook@pugetsound.org.
Sincerely,
Cyrilla Cook, AICP
Shorelines Program Manager