Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutBLD2000-00700 Geotechnical Report 12;28/00 16:42 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & W'ILSON IZ002 • • • EnEl SHANNON6WILSON INC. k;GM4r�,JIAS G. GECTE'ChNICAL AND SNVIRONVENTAL CONzLJLTANTS LCUA 30_1T4N December 28, 2000 pECIEodE JAN u 2001 Mr.Denny Fish Route 1,Box 9 JEFFERSON COUNTY Harrison, Idaho 83833 DEPT.OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT RE: GEOLOGIC SLOPE STABILITY EVALUATION OF 2314 EAST MARROWSTONE ROAD,NORDLAND,WA This letter summarizes our observations,conclusions and recommendations regarding the stability and development of the referenced property for a single-family residence,including septic system, These conclusions are based on observations made during our visit to the site on December 22,2000, an undated site plan by Casal Construction,available published area geologic,topographic and soil maps, and areal photos provide by Mr.Fish. SITE DESCRIPTION The referenced property is located on Admiralty Inlet on the cast side of Marrowstonc Island,as shown on Figure 1. The property is bisected by East Marrowstone Road,with most of the planned development to be located on the portion of the property east of the road. As indicated on Figure 2,this portion of the property extends from East Marrowstone Road on the west to Admiralty Inlet on the east. This portion of the property is approximately 262 to 264 feet long (east-west)by 109 to 117 feet wide(north south). Topography across this portion of the consists of the following(from east to west); ■ A beach b` A steep waterfront bank, (approximately 70 feet high)that slopes from the beach up to the west with a near-vertical upper bluff. A relatively flat upland at the top of the waterfront bank that slopes back down to the west at about 1 to 2 degrees. A generalized profile that shows the topography is shown on Figure 3. 400 \ICRTH 34TH STREET•SUJTE 7no RD, EQX 300303 21-1-09273-001 SEATTLS, WASHINGTON 98103 205.632.8020 FAX 205.533.8777 TCO: 1,800.633•5388 12/28/0u 16:12 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON 003 • • Mr.Denny Fish SHANNON€sWILSON,INC. December 28, 2000 Page 2 At the time of our site visit, the beach and lower reaches of the waterfront bank were inaccessible from the upland portion of the site. We estimate that the height of the bank is approximately 70 feet, with about the upper 30 feet a near vertical bluff and about the lower 40 feet a steep slope that descends down to the east at about 45 to 50 degrees. These estimates are reasonably consistent with the site plan provided by Castle Construction which indicate the bank is 69 feet high,with the upper 31 feet near vertical and the lower 38 feet sloping down to the east at 45 degrees. As observed from the top,the bluff portion of the bank (upper 30 feet)does not support any vegetation. Vegetation on the sloping, lower reaches of the bank consists of grasses and scotch broom with scattered small (less than 1/2 feet in diameter)madrona trees. Salt grass was observed along the toe of bank along the beach behind scattered drift wood. The upland portion of the property is largely cleared and vegetated mostly with grass with scattered scotch broom and madrona and fir trees (up to about 1 foot in diameter). This vegetation is indicative of relatively well-drained near surface soil conditions. Conceptual locations of the proposed residence and septic/drainfield on the property are on the upland portion of the site, the approximate locations of which are indicated on Figure 2. GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS Published geologic maps of the area indicate that the site is underlain by Pleistocene-age (13,500 to 17,000 years old) Vashon Lodgement Till. To the north and south of the site,these maps indicate the till is underlain by Vashon Advance Outwash. Vashon Advance Outwash typically consists of sand with lesser amounts of silt and gravel. The advance outwash was deposited on the preexisting land surface,in front of the continental Vachon Stade ice sheet that advanced from Canada across the Puget Sound region approximately I7,000 years ago. Lodgement till is typically an unsorted mixture of clay,silt, sand and gravel with occasional cobbles and boulders that was deposited directly beneath the ice sheet as the glacier advanced over the area. The Vashon Lodgement Till was deposited directly beneath Vashon Stade ice sheet that covered this area approximately 13,500 to 17,000 years before present. The ice sheet that overrode the till and the underlying soils (including the advance outwash)is estimated to be on the order of 3,000 to 4,000 feet thick in this area. Consequently the till and the underlying advance outwash have been compacted to a very dense or hard state. Since the retreat of the glaciers, the upper few feet 114-O 273-001-1�1rwpnMCI 21-1-09273-001 12,28(00 16:43 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON e1004 • Mr. Denny Fish SHANNON 5WILSQN.ING. December 28, 2000 Page 3 of the very dense/hard soil has loosened and weathered, and topsoil and/or colluvium have developed at the ground surface. Colluvium is weathered material that has reached its present location duc to the forces of water and gravity and is typically found on and at the base of steep slopes. Subsurface explorations were not performed at this site for this evaluation;however, observed soils exposed on the non-vegetated portions of the upper 30 feet of the bank confirm the presence of the till. The till observed on the bank appeared to be a very dense, gray, slightly silty to silty, gravelly sand. At the base of the bluff, scattered exposures of stratified sand were observed which likely correspond to the advance outwash and which probably underlies the remainder of the waterfront bank below the till bluff. At the crest of the bank an the upland portion of the site,it appears that the upper 2-to 3-feet of the till at the top of the bank has an orange mottled appearance and has weathered to a medium dense to dense condition. The vegetated portion of the waterfront bank(the lower slope) appeared to be covered with a relatively thin mantle (i.e.,no more than a few feet thick)of colluvium. No signs of springs, seeps,damp soils,hydrophilic vegetation or other indication of near surface water were observed on the waterfront bank or upland portion of the site or on the adjacent properties during the site visit. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Slope Stability Geologic hazard maps of the area c]aasify the steep waterfront slope immediately to the north and south of the site as unstable. The lack of vegetation on the bluff and the sparse vegetation on the lower slope is indicative of slope movements that occur at a sufficient frequency to preclude growth of trees larger than the scattered small madrona on the lower slope. Based on our observations of the site and our experience with similar sites in the Puget Sound region, it appears that the bluff face may be susceptible to spilling, while the unstable soils on the lower slope are primarily the topsoil and colluvium,. The risk of deep-seated slope movement 21.1.09273.001•L1IWP/Moi 21-1-09273-001 12/28/00 16:44 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON Z005 • • Mr.Denny Fish SHANNON€iWLSON,INC, December 28, 2000 Page 4 is relatively low, in our opinion. Signs of deep-seated slope movements(i.e., extensive failure through the very dense glacial soils beneath the site)were not observed during our site visit. Where the bank is near vertical, portions of the glacially overridden soil that form the bluff may spell off from time to time. Based on our experience, occasional spalling of the bluff may cause portions of the crest of the bank to recede 2 to 10 feet during a single event. However,the time between spelling events may be several years during which no noticeable regression of the crest of the bank occurs. The very dense glacially overridden soils that presumably underlie the lower, sloping portion of the bank may be stable beneath relatively steep slopes (e.g., 50 degrees or more), However,the relatively loose topsoil and colluvium that weather from the glacially overridden soils are not as strong and are susceptible to slope movements on slopes on which the underlying glacially overridden soils are relatively stable. tx1 t1 a„tingh time,movement of oolluxaum and topsoil toward the baoa of the lsnitlt Arid continued weathering and erosion and spelling of the glacially overridden soil up slope would result in a flatter, more stable slope. However, wave erosion at the toe of the bank does not allow the colluvium and topsoil to accumulate at the toe of the slope and maintains the slope in an over-steepened condition. Consequently,continued movement of topsoil and colluvium on the slope should be expected in the future. The actual rate of slope regression will likely vary from year to year(e.g.,some years, no noticeable regression may occur while in other years the slope may regress by several feet due to 01V1.IV 411V♦1,111V+il.i f. L' lu1F/1v11ivalour., utv 4111•a41.1140 111 1.1114 1GLic1 1 Vl 1r.4I. LU 1.110 115R VS slope movement,the rate of slope regression may also be reduced. Please note that there is some risk of future instability (shallow or deep-seated)present on all hillsides, which the owner must be prepared to accept. Such instability could occur because of future water line breaks/leaks, uncontrolled drainage, unwise development in adjacent areas,or other actions or events on a slope that may cause sliding. The following provides further discussion of risk reduction measures that may be effective at this site. Provided that the risk reduction measures discussed in this letter are implemented, it is our opinion that the proposed development will not adversely impact the stability of the adjacent properties, 21-1-)9173-001•L1/RP/MG! 21-1-09273-001 12/2S/00 16:45 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON 006 • I Mr.Denny Fish SHANNON 8VVELSON,INC. December 28, 2000 Page 5 Measures to Reduce the Risk Posed by Slope Movement In general, the risk of soil movement on a slope can be reduced by not over-steepening the slope (e.g., do not excavate the toe of the slope), not increasing the weight on the slope (e.g.,do not place yard debris or fill at the crest of the bank or on the slope), maintaining the slope as dry as possible (e.g., locate septic drainfields away from the bank,route roof downspouts and yard drains to the base of the slope or storm drain system in tightlines, and minimize the amount of surface water that could flow down the face of the bank), and maintain a vegetative cover on the slope. In addition,measures that can be taken to reduce or minimize rate of wave erosion at the toe of the slope(e.g.,construction of a seawall,not removing large wood debris or driftwood near the top of the beach)will decrease the rate at which the slope erodes,in our opinion. Septic Drainfield and Building Setback The measures discussed above may reduce the risk of soil movement on a slope. One of the most cost-effective measures to reduce the potential and impact of slope movement is to provide an adequate septic drainfield and building setback. An appropriate setback is a function of the rate of slope regression,the design life of the structure,the amount of water the drainfield may discharge into the soils,and the risk the owner of the structure is willing to assume. The regression rate for this specific slope is unknown; however,based on regression rates measured elsewhere in the Puget Sound area,the regression rate could be on the order of a few inches to one foot per year. The presence of effluent in the soils near the edge of the bluff may increase the regression rate. In our opinion, a minimum septic drainfield and building setback equal to the height of the bank(i.e., about 70 feet)would be adequate for this site. Greater risk reduction can be achieved with larger setbacks. Components of the septic system that do not discharge water into the soils at the site(e.g.,sand filters,septic tanks)could be located closer than 70 feet to the crest of the bank,provided that the owner is willing to accept a greater risk of slope movement affecting these components. We recommend that a minimum setback of 50 feet be maintained for these components even if the owner is willing to accept a great risk of slope movement. 214-09273-001-L1/WP340 1 21-1-09273-001 12%28/00 16:46 FAX 206 693 6777 SHANNON & WILSON Z007 • Mr. Denny Fish SE-'�kNNOE�i WEl.SDN.INC December 28, 2000 Page 6 Drainage In gcnersl,reducing the amount of water entering and discharging onto the slope can reduce the risk of slope movement. Drains should be constructed and maintained to collect water from impermeable surfaces on the property(e.g., roof,decks,patios, and driveways) and directed in a tightline to a suitable discharge point(e.g.,bottom of the bank or road ditch). Because the upland portion of the site slopes down to the west towards the road, we recommend that water be discharged to the road ditch. While it is possible to discharge the water at the toe of the waterfront bank, it is our opinion that construction costs and maintenance would favor discharging water to the road ditch. Recommendations to convey water over the face of the waterfront bank and discharge at the toe of the slope can be provided if required. Based on our understanding of the limited,single-residence development of this property and the relatively well-drained nature of the soils that underlie the upland portion of the site, it is our opinion that the anticipated discharge of roof and footing drains as recommended above will not significantly affect the drainage conditions on the adjacent properties from pre-development conditions. Impermeable surfaces surrounding the residence (e.g.,paved drives) should be minimized to reduce potential changes in the existing site drainage characteristics and impacts on adjacent sites. Vegetation Maintaining a healthy vegetative cover on and at the crest of the bank can reduce erosion und tho sato of elepa oseraanis,,. Tn 6anaral,viativa vab.,tatis..s1,s�,111,, uoi.1 u a uuL1 uk..eu t11c: bank to eliminate the need for irrigation and wetting the soils on or near the bank. A healthy vegetative cover may include large,healthy trees, Unhealthy trees,snags or other trees with a weak root system at the crest or on the bank could be removed or limbed to reduce the risk of potential erosion and slope movement cause by potential uprooting during heavy winds. If trees are cut from off the crest of the bank or on the lower slope,the stumps should not be removed, and the area surrounding the stump should be vegetated. A professional landscaper, landscape architect, arborist or other qualified professional should be consulted in assessing the health of wale uwo u11u vi.g;LGliull ulL uiC.574.41.JG 411U vc6ci.L1 1U1) li146 clay un i.IliiJu.eU. 1-1-04273-001•1.1/WP/M61 21-1-09273-00 1 12/28/00 16.47 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON ` j008' • • Mr. Denny Fish SHANNON&WILSON,INC. December 28, 2000 Page 7 Erosion Hazard We note that according to published US Department of Agriculture(USDA) soil maps, surficial soils on the upland portion of the site are classified as Whidbey gravelly sandy loam Con 0 to 15 percent slopes. The USDA maps indicate that these soils have only a slight to moderate erosion hazard. The soil maps do not classify the soils on the waterfront bank. Based on the apparent active nature of the slope movement, it is our opinion that the erosion potential of the soils may be relatively high. However, it is anticipated that the development on the upland portion of the site will not significantly affect the erosion and associated hazard of the soils on the bank provided the recommendations in this letter are followed and prudent construction practices with respect to erosion are used. LINIITATIONS The conclusions in this letter are based on site conditions visually observed during our site reconnaissance and inferred from published geologic,topographic, and hazard maps and assume that observed conditions are representative of the subsurface conditions throughout the site; i.e., the subsurface conditions are not significantly different from those inferred from the site reconnaissance or indicated on geologic maps. If, during subsequent site activities (e.g., construction), subsurface conditions different from those inferred in this letter are observed or appear to be present,we should be advised at once so that we can review those conditions and reconsider our conclusions where necessary. Within the limitations of scope, schedule, and budget,the conclusions presented in this letter were prepared in accordance with generally accepted geologic engineering principles and practices in this area at the time this letter was prepared. We make no other warranty,either expressed or implied. This letter was prepared for the use of Mr. Fish in the evaluation of the stability of this site. With respect to possible future construction,it should be made available for information on factual data only and not as a warranty of subsurface conditions, such as those interpreted from the site visit and discussion of geologic conditions included in this letter. 21-1-09273-00 .LInvriatct 21-1-09273-001 12/26/G0 16:47 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON 421009 • Mr.Denny Fish SHANNON L WILSDN.INC. December 28, 2000 Page 8 Please note that the scope of our services did not include any environmental assessment or evaluation regarding the presence or absence of wetlands or hazardous or toxic material in the soil, surface water, groundwater,or air on,or below, or around this site, We are able to provide these services and would be pleased to discuss these with you if the need arises. Shannon &Wilson has prepared the attached, "Important Information About Your Geotechnical Report,"to assist you in understanding the use and limitations of our report. We appreciate the opportunity to provide geologic services to you,and are available to answer any questions regarding our observations and conclusions contained in this letter. Sincerely, SHANNON&WILSON,INC. William J. Perki .P.G. Principal Engine ng Geologist WJP:H :wjp Enclosures: Figure 1 —Vicinity Map Figure 2—Site Plan Figure 3—Generalized Profile A—A' Important Information About Your Geotechnical Report c: Mr.Cary Casal,Casal Construction 21 a-09273.ao1•L1 PNWMGt 21-1-09273-001 12/28/00 1648 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON zoio . ID S MI . . / "--1. `i,.,‘\%.„.i,;,.., ,,, '4,.., ". ,•"1,\ i,1 ...- ,._(,) .,...\ , ., ',.\\.:.,.'.,, . , !; \'' \:'...•%,•'''.',. , ...,., ,., ....,:,., .,...:.:.... .-„:-.,7s...\-*\ i 75 • . \. ', ';\‘',';1 '', , if , 1 '!•., ',. '....:',,,,.. '':::.,."4,,„ '''.1::,, . , *, '.. .' V, ' ' i \4.,', . 4 \\ 1 : -4....„,-./ir.---• ...i•;-., '..,.. ...,'.,.. ...... i, i t 1 '' ' !: *:‘;,..:,.'••• ...4-....... ,.. 'N. p Y Pk., \ 3,••,. '''' '...*'''''',.:::,>,. %. 4—..---..-9_, ,' —r — ''.24-1;' i 'A A ,,•• . : 1, ,.., 1 1' ! I \''\':!-‘ . ', ' ..,,,,--..,y; 1' 1 , .0 ,: • h), , / 1 1 : I 1 ':If 1!I 1 ,I * , 6 ,i4 i • 1' I '1\'.• 4., l •‘• '„ :.r"'"--"•1.10 "•••'•/ !i i '...,• '.1' f \ } ,4 , :' `,.,,.•,. Et,, \,,' /1 ./ )'I; ,-.1 I.Th I ,.V„,%.;-.• t....i (..il, ..) 1., . (1), • i I'1' e • \ • , ,.... , \ Vstr`"‘9-.. \•• \ .1 I li tia H, • .4. .", .m•oh.t. ; ....,,'... ., : • 11 l.;,, ,f '"*40- ,,, .+ • i i \1. ..‘ . '.,: 29 ---,-.. \. .'1-,,, ,_72. _,,,.,.,.,- ),,\,3 , ,.,.. : !,, ,, i• /.; q-‘ , . f ....,1 , , . ,,„. , --- ..,' •'Ser•' .. -. ...-%•,"4:\\ \ ',,:'';'77•,i I i ,' 4 '\‘..4„. . *.... , 0 ' :' •: • t I,, ; •.° . k • ',... i! i IP '''Y' :)...' * %A • • ...,., ,. , ' a'• o., .ii. ` ' ' ' I '' , .. --1 ' "T"--Ani 71 . , II' ! Yi , )• ' , •i 1 )1 111.111,1.1111 ...,_ Ali.' 2, '4(f i ,i . • .. p".' i I tA\\ ' •. , ,I „ye .....,,,,1 , t ' \I. . f , 1 t ...•. ;,' 1:'(1(...,.....,. '' • . \ . k I ' %, • : ....l :. tt.., ri \\ 't . i\\.,.. !,...5,2".•77.• ." ‘''''', ' ..—\/..., 't • t ; ; t • ' • t 7, t\ \ \,.. ':' j ttsi.,:..:4i,;.!.:;'77"7 .:;4: :\.T1 \ 1, 1 • 4 A OA.'.•' 1/13647:;."': %:':',, ' •%CAST SE/C14 PARK , .... .“...141.4..m. mg .1.4 :..•,• ••. a1.,. .S... .,'•! ''''''"J 1 1 t 11 "ci%iti.,... ..•. ,.... ...Wrrt•••-•-.7=—.,,,'' ''.'1. • .1., 1 . \ 1 1 •1k.L.,.,, .„,,.- . „.....,:, N:-. ,frar.A.y ( 4. k , 1 \\:l,". •'...'''.''''. *.V-LL3::---... .1'•).`, '.4'1: / . t i . V V. ri 1 ' \J i \ • \t V "r•Y". '% ....;,e,:•.,..0' l•'''-'-',+,..e,,N4.0t,:, ,,,., .., t. . re, ,. .,. : . 1,,, ,, ,...,..:;•...,e.."1-/11 ,....-N, 1 j\.,, \ .....'...'.4.',,i141; lij i a ' j• . i • , • ' 4 ! ' ........ RN 152 i / . g ,\k\,,,i, P., .,, : ,Ai.'J. 1.t ( ) I'l \i'•;4 \,.. •...1.,i 1 ''''':. 1 wordland 1/,. A. T i , 0 tiii 1 '0 11 7 .. * 1 11 •;' "1:• ''a 1• I j'1 '. ! '' '. • "\'''''s 3\1 ‘, '‘, V 13%\1( ii ) ( \ r% ','' •' • \ 10 %., ..\ aitk% a,...\ \ :1- 1 .1kt.,‘.\ •ft[:,\i Ai v.,J N, I i! IA'.1‘\I ..,_,, " •,, ii ..." i ) \ firy 1 1 fiNt4•7 ,..) LOCATION .---%, il\-,„ '4.3!1\kf,\ s. , -ZaUssi View Carnets% .---, ""(r:e1•1;:tk(''' . \ t 1 9 (Tr?'/ 'l ' ) , .—,j i .,,1,1 v\ ...\\ ...3, • . . ..,,..., 0.„.., .. . ,., ,, , •...N 1. • .."4 i."-"••• ... .' r cr.. 11\'1.0...,, I. ; \ . h, •-'. , . ,.• . ..,, 1 IT • 5' '' ' I/V/\ 1 ,1 (171:1,/,, ,•_ •,--i ,:\ '•:..\. .:;" ,.j ,.r) ,. . .. ,,, .,, , ( lr \ , ,• f., ,e- , T. ',1, 4*, .• . -•• ., ,. If .1-,,,.._ ''''''"' ''''), N.'‘ l'92,. '"... *\ )f4."-i7rti (4,74, --,../,...-- \•- .., -4' '''''. '`,, 1 IINA.,.',,X • ',.., ::s..\ r` n. ':. \,;•,. .) j 0.:.,•.' r" ---` r\'',` 1 . 1 • ... Z\ .•,,. , tv '7. .\\N , •"..,,, ,-, .;,,- Li 4.4.. , 1\i .1.' A iiir%;* ,e,,'6. \3.ArV\ •`--.. t\A" ' 1%—:''(,,.,:f...',_-.7::.=\---':: .\. ' \N, *Ni.K!%:•...., 'CI k .,„k,... ,,, ) •-•/ . • \. .., r`if4,i'.:-- \\‘,\Rt." , .., ,,/ , v • ,. 21 ..., ' -,, ,,...ft,,... i N.. ,•1 1 . ,---.)) . 1))1;°$i . .i ,,,,,: ,.A.,...,,, , H .., ,,k.. ., ,., iv. , ,....„ ,...A.,: ........ . ... ! , ,,, ..,... ., ,... .., .. ..„ „ ... .. . ..... ...., , ,n1 u„ - . ! - P 0 1/2 1 2314 E Marmwstone Road 5 Scale in Miles Nordlard, Washington $ g $' NOTE VICINITY MAP 5 Map adapted from 1:24,000 USGS topographic s map of Nottiland,WA quadrangle,dated 1953, a, December 2000 21-1-09273-001 ' ,IA photoreviseal 1973. - SHANNON&WILSON, INC. FIG. 1 Oopoximicdi end Stwinovnental Cansulards _ . ma / . Nina. - • 12/28;00 16:49 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON Z011 $ n la r iA - It 2 k'Illi"'7! V 1 m <a ,,44, ) )L Ld/ — I # -I - n i 110 11111 L. 1 . . _ \ I— - R 7 ,44 _ - 4 _ . � T 4..t_ .... mow= =ENE. ••• ) 1 rya Ji t I /// i ii)/ / ( / '/\\ til //// \ il li ______L______, . } ® , l I 1 avaa usasmotrarn's 1 1 l 1 12/28/00 16:50 FAX 206 685 6777 SHANNON & WILSON ZI012 i • . r p en S2 id i 13 �. 2 g r m U. N Approximate Elevation in Feet _ 0 0 g Li o ox 3 1 1------ I , i i ig g m . ci, u' '2 .J 8 il in v 2 g F4 mo3 VI 02 1 li a H Vit 2. 11 c`. 1 40 4/ c V c cE, c°ill 1,4 J2 5 i II Eco- >t 1 Z 7.1 Ella rSeo h = v o Fsig Is D � 42A a 111a O. r-� 121 4g i to 11,... ;aaj ul uogeneig etewxaddy II 6 .i 1 [ IG. 3 12/28/00 16:50 FAX 206 695 6777 SHANNON & WILSON IZ]013 i SHANNON &WILSON, INC. Attachment to and part of Report 21-1-0g273-001 , Geotechnlcal and Environmental Consultants Date; December 2B,2000 _ To: Mr.Denny Fish Harrison,Idaho Important Information About Your GeotechnicalfEnvironmental Report CONSULTING SERVICES ARE PERFORMED FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES AND FOR SPECIFIC CLIENTS. Consultants prepare reports to meet the specific needs of specific individuals. A report prepared for a civil engineer may not be adequate for a construction contractor or even another civil engineer. Unless indicated otherwise,your consultant prepared your report expressly for you and expressly for the purposes you indicated. Na one other than you should apply this report for its intended purpose without first conferring with the consultant. No party should apply this report for any purpose other than that originally contemplated without first conferring with the consultant. THE CONSULTANT'S REPORT IS BASED ON PROJECT-SPECIFIC FACTORS. A gcotcchnical/environmental report is based on a subsurface exploration plan designed to consider a unique set of project-specific factors. Depcndieg on the project,these may include: the general nature of the structure and property involved;its size and configuration;its historical use and practice;the location of the structure on the site and Its orientation;other improvements such as access roads,parking lots,and underground utilities;and the additional risk created by scope-of-service limitations imposed by the client. To help avoid costly problems,ask the consultant to evaluate how any factors that change subsequent to the date of the report may affect the recommendations. Unless your consultant indicates otherwise,your report should not be used:(I)when the nature of the proposed project is changed(for example, if an office building will be erected instead of a parking garage, or if a refrigerated warehouse will be built instead of an unrcfrigerated one,or chemicals are discovered on or near the site);(2)when the size,elevation,or configuration of the proposed project is altered;(3)when the location or orientation of the proposed project is modified:(4) when there is a change of ownership;or(5)for application to an adjacent site. Consultants cannot accept responsibility for problems that may occur if they are not consulted after factors which were considered in the development of the report have changed. SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS CAN CHANGE. Subsurface conditions may be affected as a result of natural processes or human activity. Because a geotechnical/environmental report is based on conditions that existed at the time of subsurface exploration,construction decisions should not be based on a report whose adequacy may have been affected by time. Ask the consultant to advise if additional tests are desirable before construction starts;for example,groundwater conditions commonly vary seasonally. Construction operations at or adjacent to the site and natural events such as floods,earthquakes,or groundwater fluctuations may also affect subsurface conditions and,thus,the continuing adequacy of a geotechnical/envirotmrental report The consultant should be kept apprised of any such events,and should be consulted to determine if additional tests are necessary. MOST RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENTS. Site exploration and testing identifies actual surface and subsurface conditions only at those points where samples are taken. The data were extrapolated by your consultant,who then applied judgment to render an opinion about overall subsurface conditions. The actual interface between materials may be far more gradual or abrupt than your report indicates. Actual conditions in areas not sampled may differ from those predicted in your report. "While nothing can be done to prevent such situations,you and your consultant can work together to help reduce their impacts. Retaining your consultant to obeervc subsurface construction operations can be particularly beneficial in this respect. A REPORT'S CONCLUSIONS ARE PRELIMINARY. The conclusions contained in your consultant's report are preliminary because they must be based on the assumption that conditions revealed through selective exploratory sampling are indicative of actual conditions throughout a site. Actual subsurface conditions can be discerned only during earthwork;therefore,you should retain your consultant to observe actual conditions and to provide conclusions. Cnly the consultant who prepared the report is fully familiar with the background information needed to determine whether or not the report's Page 1 of 2 1/2000 • 12(28/00 16;51 FAX 206 6956777 SHANNON & WILSON [�?j014 • recommendations based on those conclusions are valid and whether or not the contractor is abiding by applicable recommendations. The consultant who developed your report cannot assume responsibility or liability for the adequacy of the report's recommendations if another party is retained to observe construction. THE CONSULTANT'S REPORT IS SUBJECT TO MISINTERPRETATION. Costly problems can occur when other design professionals develop their plans based`cn misinterpretation of a geotechnicallenvironmental report. To help avoid these problems,the consultant should be retained to work with other project design professionals to explain relevant geotechnical,geological,hydrogeological,and environmental findings,and to review the adequacy of their plans and specifications relative to these issues. BORING LOGS AND/OR MONITORING WELL DATA SHOULD NOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE REPORT. Final boring logs developed by the consultant are based upon interpretation afield logs(assembled by site personnel),field test results, and laboratory and/or office evaluation of field samples and data. Only final boring logs and data are customarily included in geotechnicalienvironmertal reports. These final logs should not,under any circumstances,be redrawn for inclusion in architectural or other design drawings,because drafters may commit errors or omissions in the transfer process. To reduce the likelihood of boring log or monitoring well misinterpretation,contractors should be given ready access to the complete geotechnical engineering/environmental report prepared or authorized for their use. If access is provided only to the report prepared for you,you should advise contractors of the report's limitattortc,assuming that a contractor was not one of the specific persons for whom the purposesforwhich it wasle report was prepared,and that developing construction cost�tnnates was not one of the specific bleb prepared. While a contractor may gain important knowledge from a report prepared for another party,the contractor should discuss the report with your consultant and perform the additional or alternative work believed necessary to obtain the data specifically appropriate for construction cost estimating purposes. Some clients hold the mistaken impression that simply disclaiming responsibility for the accuracy of subsurface information always insulates them from attendant liability. Providing the best available information to contractors helps prevent costly construction problems and the adversarial attitudes that aggravate them to a disproportionate scale. READ RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSES CLOSELY. Because geotechnicallenvirorunental engineering is based extensively on judgment and opinion,it is far less exact than other design disciplines,This situation has resulted in wholly unwarranted claims being lodged against consultants. To help prevent this problem, consultants have developed a number of clauses for use in their contracts,reports and other documents. These responsibility clauses are not exculpatory clauses designed to transfer the consultant`,liabilities to other parties;rather,they are definitive clauses that identify where the consultant's responsibilities begin and end. Their use helps all parties involved recognize their individual responsibilities and take appropriate action. Some of these definitive clauses are likely to appear in yuur report,and you are encouraged to read them closely. Your consultant will be pleased to give full and frank answers to your questions. The preceding paragraphs are based on information provided by the ASFEi'Association of Engineering Firms Practicing in the Geosciences,Silver Spring,Maryland Page 2 of 2 1/2000