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North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy
(2025 DRAFT Edition)
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, Coastal Office
549 Tillicum Lane, Forks, WA 98331
PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT
Draft Edition approved for Public Review on March 18, 2025, by the Citizens Committee.
Please submit comments or questions to Anna Geffre, North Pacific Coast Lead Entity Coordinator, at
ageffre@nwifc.org by May 1, 2025.
Comments will be reviewed, and the final draft brought for approval, at the May 20, 2025, Lead Entity
meeting.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Table of Contents
Page
- Table of Contents i
- List of Figures ii
- List of Tables ii
- Acronyms iii
- Glossary iv
- Executive Summary xi
- Acknowledgements xii
Section 1: Project Prioritization and Application Processes
1.1 Goals and Objectives. 1
1.1.1 Incorporating Climate Change 2
1.1.2 Education and Outreach 3
1.2 Annual Project List. 4
1.3 Eligibility for the Annual Project Round 5
1.4 Grant Round Project Prioritization Method. 6
1.2.1 Descriptions of Prioritization Categories: 9
1.5 Grant Round Review Process (Project application procedure, explanation 12
of evaluation process).
Section 2: Priority Projects by Geographic Section
2.0 All WRIA 20 Basins System-wide 13
2.1 Hoh River Basin:
2.1.1 Hoh Watershed Background. 15
2.1.2 Hoh River Watershed Priority Projects. 20
2.2 Quillayute River Complex:
2.2.1 Quillayute Basin Background. 28
2.1.1.1 Climate Change Forecasts 30
2.2.2 Quillayute Basin Prioritized Projects: 31
2.2.2.0 Quillayute Basin-Wide Priority Projects. 32
2.2.2.1 Quillayute Main Stem Priority Projects. 33
2.2.2.2 Dickey River Watershed Priority Projects. 35
2.2.2.3 Bogachiel River Watershed Priority Projects. 37
2.2.2.4 Calawah River Watershed Priority Projects. 40
2.2.2.5 Sol Duc River Watershed Priority Projects. 42
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Page
2.3 Ozette Basin:
2.3.1 Ozette Watershed Background. 47
2.3.2 Ozette Watershed Sockeye Project Prioritization. 49
2.3.3 Ozette Basin Prioritized Projects. 50
2.4 North Pacific Coast Independent Coastal Drainages:
2.4.1 Independent Drainages Background. 53
2.4.1.1 Small Olympic National Park Drainages 53
2.4.1.2 Tsoo-Yess (Sooes) 55
2.4.1.3 Wa’atch River 56
2.4.2 Independent Drainages Priority Projects: 56
2.5 North Pacific Coast Nearshore:
2.5.1 WRIA 20 Nearshore Background. 59
2.5.2 Nearshore Priority Projects. 60
- List of References 61
- List of Tables
Table 1: Project List Tier Ranking Matrix 5
Table 2: Grant Round Project Prioritization Matrix. 7
Table 3: Drainage Size of Ozette Basin Tributaries 48
- List of Figures
Figure 0: Relief Map of WRIA 20 (WDFW). 13
Figure 1: Relief Map of the Hoh River Basin. 15
Figure 2: Relief Map of the Quillayute River Basin. 28
Figure 3: Relief Map of the Ozette Basin. 47
Figure 4: Lake Ozette Sockeye Recovery Plan Sub-Basin Prioritization 50
Figure 5: Relief Map of the WRIA 20 Independent Drainages. 53
Figure 6: Relief Map of the WRIA 20 Nearshore. 59
- APPENDICIES
Appendix A: NPCLE Project Pre-Proposal Application Forms. 67
Appendix B: NPCLE Annual Restoration Project List. 80
Appendix C: WRIA 20 Salmonid Stock Trend Graphs. 86
Appendix D: WRIA 20 Salmonid Stock Run Timings & Spawning
Distribution. 92
Appendix E: NPCLE Committees Membership List. 101
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Acronyms
BDA Beaver Dam
CC Citizens Committee
CSP Coast Salmon Partnership [previously Washington Coast
Sustainable Salmon Partnership (WCSSP)]
ESA Endangered Species Act (U.S.)
ESU Evolutionarily Significant Unit
IG Initiating Governments
LE Lead Entity
LOSSC Lake Ozette Sockeye Steering Committee
LWM Large Woody Material (WA preferred term)
LWD Large Woody Debris (earlier usage, still in play)
NGO Non-Governmental organization
NOPLE North Olympic Peninsula Lead Entity
NPCLE North Pacific Coast Lead Entity
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA).
RCO Recreation and Conservation Office
SASSI Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory
SSHEAR Salmon & Steelhead Habitat Evaluation Restoration
SRFB Salmon Recovery Funding Board
TC Technical Committee
WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
WCRRI Washington Coast Restoration and Resiliency Initiative
WRIA Water Resource Inventory Area
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Glossary
Definitions updated from Sustainable Salmon Plan for
Coast Salmon Partnership, 2013 Glossary, used with
some edits, where words appear in this strategy as well,
with minor exceptions. See:
https://www.coastsalmonpartnership.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/02/PLAN-5-7-13.pdf
A
ABUNDANCE (2)
The number of fish in a POPULATION at a
particular LIFE-HISTORY STAGE of development.
AGGRADATION
An increase in river bed elevation and channel
expansion. Occurs where sediment supply
exceeds transport capacity.
ANTHROPOGENIC (6)
Caused or produced by human action
Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC),
NMFS, NOAA. 2008. Glossary. Online at:
http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/trt/glossary.cfm
AVULSION (1, p. 14)
The rapid abandonment of a river channel by its
waters and the subsequent formation of a new
river channel as a result.
B
BARRIER
Any blockage, whether natural or
anthropogenic, that impedes fish passage either
upstream or downstream (e.g., waterfall or
defective culvert). Barriers can be partial (e.g.,
barrier for certain life history stages) or full (all
life history stages)
BASIN
An area of land and the waterbodies within it,
where precipitation and/or groundwater collect
and drain off into a common outlet, such as into
a river, bay, or ocean. Often used
interchangeably with system, drainage or
watershed, and smaller drainage basins flowing
into a larger one can be referred to as sub-
basins.
BEST AVAILABLE SCIENCE (“BAS”)
Peer-accepted data, interpretations, or
processes.
BUFFER/RIPARIAN BUFFER
A riparian buffer is a vegetated area (a "buffer
strip") adjacent to a waterbody, usually a
stream, that stream (from tributaries to
estuaries), usually forested, which intended to
preserve or improve water quality for
salmonids.
C
CHANNEL MIGRATION ZONE (“CMZ”)
Channels meander from side to side naturally
within the flood plain, as a result of the
interaction between hydrology, geology, and
topography. The area defined by this range of
channel movement is called the Channel
Migration Zone (“CMZ”). The rate of this
migration depends on several factors such as
geology, gradient, stream flow, sediment
supply, natural instability, vegetation and
anthropogenic impacts. King County Dept. of
Natural Resources and Parks --
Snoqualmie/Skykomish Watershed Salmon
Conservation and Restoration,
Appendix/Glossary. 2015. Online at:
http://www.govlink.org/watersheds/7/pdf/Sno
q2015_App_A.pdf
CITIZEN SCIENCE
Research or field projects directed and
overseen by peer scientists in a discipline, using
persons less formally trained or qualified in the
subject, to assist in tasks such as data gathering,
computation, or observation.
D
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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E
ESCAPEMENT
The number of adult salmonids that
escape the FISHERY, predation, and all other
mortality, and return to the spawning grounds
to breed (NWFSC, 2008).
ESTUARY
A partly enclosed coastal body of water in which
river water is mixed with sea water; e.g., a bay; or,
tidally influenced lower reaches of rivers, which
may include marshes, sloughs, swamps, and tidal
channels. The upstream boundary is usually
defined by degree of salinity.
(Saltwater→Brackish→Freshwater)
EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNIT
A population must satisfy two criteria to be
officially considered an ESU: (1) it must be
substantially reproductively isolated from other
conspecific populations units; and (2) it must
represent an important component in the
evolutionary legacy of a species (NMFS, NOAA,
DOC, 2020).
F
FLUVIAL
Relating to a stream or river
G
GENETIC DIVERSITY
Variation in the genes (DNA). Genetic diversity may
manifest in either discrete allelic states (of the
genes) or continuously distributed characters,
leading to different possible metrics. There may be
variation in allelic states or phenotypic traits,
potentially affecting fitness. [Hughes et. Al., Ecol.
Letters (2008) 11:609-623].
H
I
INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE
The growth rate of a POPULATION at a low
enough density so that density-dependent
(COMPENSATORY) SURVIVAL is not a factor.
The INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE of an individual
fish is considered to be an outcome of the
genetic selection traits that balance out the
ability of the species to best utilize the variety
of habitat, balance risks, and use resources
available across its LIFE HISTORY and range.
INTRINSIC POTENTIAL
A modeled attribute of streams that refers to a
measure of potential salmon habitat quality
(Burnett et al., 2003). It only takes into account
geomorphic features such as channel GRADIENT,
valley constraint and mean annual discharge of
water (NWFSC, 2008).
INTRINSIC PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity of a POPULATION in the absence of
compensation, estimated as the mathematical
limit of POPULATION productivity as abundance
approaches zero. (See also SPAWNER/RECRUIT
RELATIONSHIP.) (NWFSC, 2008).
J
JUVENILE
A salmon that has not matured sexually (gonads
not fully mature) (NWFSC, 2008).
L
LACUSTRINE
Of or relating to a lake.
LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (“LWM”)
Currently referred to as LW in scientific literature
and historically called LARGE WOODY DEBRIS [see
scoresheet, old term used…]
(“LWD”). The term used for trees that meet a
certain minimum length and size and fall into
adjacent streams or other bodies of water.
Their capacity to affect habitat depends on their
size relative to the channel size and the types of
soils in the CHANNEL MIGRATION ZONE. LWM,
once in a channel, can serve to stabilize banks,
create channel diversity, trap spawning gravel,
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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and provide REFUGIA. See related discussions
under POOLS AND RIFFLES and RIPARIAN in this
Glossary. (King County, 2015)
LIFE HISTORY
The specific life cycle of a fish from egg to adult
(NWFSC, 2008).
LIMITING FACTORS;
LIMITING FACTORS ANALYSIS (“LFA”)
Factors that limit survival or abundance, either
by causing a loss of habitat or habitat-forming
function and processes, resulting in lowered
carrying capacity of the watershed for critical
stages of SALMON LIFE HISTORY. (See Chapter
3 of the WCSSP Regional Recovery Plan at
https://www.coastsalmonpartnership.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/02/PLAN-5-7-13.pdf, :
Critical Threats for examples.)
LISTED SPECIES
Species included on the List of Endangered and
Threatened Species authorized under the
federal ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT and
maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
and National Marine Fisheries Service of NOAA
(NWFSC, 2008).
LITTORAL ZONE
In lakes, the area of lake bottom that receives
enough light for rooted plants to grow. In the
ocean, the marine ecological realm that
experiences the effects of tidal and longshore
currents and breaking waves to a depth of 5 to
10 m (16 to 33 feet) below the low-tide level,
depending on the intensity of storm waves
(Encyclopedia Britannica 2004; NWFSC, 2008).
LOWLAND HABITAT
Low-gradient stream habitat with slow currents,
pools, and backwaters used by fish. This habitat
is often converted to agricultural or urban use
(NWFSC, 2008).
M
MACROINVERTEBRATES
As used in relationship to salmon habitat, insect
larvae that live in POOLS AND RIFFLES and in
the hyporheic (saturated) zone of stream banks,
and provide forage food for salmon.
MASS WASTING
The technical name for landslides large and
small. MASS WASTING is a natural process that
wears down mountains and forms valleys over
time. Improper forest practices can accelerate
mass wasting, which can cause damage to fish
streams. Mass wasting can also be triggered
naturally by tectonic activity or saturation of
sediment on steep slopes (WFPA, 2012). In the
marine environment mass wasting is referred to
as turbidity flows.
METADATA
Data that describes other data or refers to
where such data may be found, and provides
information about a certain item's content. For
example, an image may include METADATA that
describes how large the picture is, the color
depth, the image resolution, or when the image
was created. A document's
METADATA may contain information about size,
authorship, or date, as well as summation.
MIGRATION
Movement of fish from one POPULATION to
another (NWFSC, 2008); or from one habitat to
another during the life cycle.
N
NOAA FISHERIES SERVICE/NMFS
The fisheries branch of NOAA, now correctly
referenced as the National Marine Fisheries
Service (“NMFS”).
NON-ANADROMOUS
Salmonids (could just say Fish) that stay in
freshwater their entire lives.
NON-ANADROMOUS fish that are RESIDENT
spend their entire lives in the stream network
where they were spawned. NONANADROMOUS
fish that are FLUVIAL rear for some time in their
natal stream, then migrate to a larger river to
grow, and return to their natal stream to
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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spawn. NON-ANADROMOUS fish that are
adfluvial rear in their natal stream, then migrate
to a lake or reservoir to mature, then return to
their natal stream to spawn. (Quinn, T.P. 2005).
University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, at
page 4.)
O
OFF-CHANNEL HABITAT
Habitat types including abandoned, formerly
active side channels, sloughs, dead-end
channels, wetlands, isolated oxbows, and
smaller watercourses and lakes in the
floodplain, close to a river and maintaining an
outlet connection to the main channel. These
habitats are extremely important to JUVENILE
salmon for overwintering rearing and as
REFUGIA during high flow events (King County,
2015).
P
PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION (PDO)
A pattern of Pacific climate variability that is the
predominant source of inter-decadal climate
variability in the Pacific Northwest. The PDO
shifts phases on at least an inter-decadal time
scale, usually about every 20 to 30 years.
Identified in 1996 by the University of
Washington’s Climate Impacts Group
researcher Nate Mantua and others, the PDO
(like ENSO) is characterized by changes in sea
surface temperature, sea level pressure, and
wind patterns. The PDO is detected as warm or
cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean north
of 20° N. During a "warm" or "positive" phase,
the west Pacific becomes cool and part of the
eastern Pacific warms; during a "cool" or
"negative" phase, the opposite pattern occurs.
(CIG: PDO). (See also ENSO.)
PHENOLOGY
The timing of recurring biological events or
presentation of species in a particular habitat
range as a result of suitable conditions; often
used in climate science to describe shifting
occurrences both temporally and geographically
because of changes in a habitat’s biological,
physical or chemical conditions.
PHOTIC ZONE
The depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is
exposed to sufficient sunlight for
photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the
photic zone can be affected greatly by seasonal
turbidity.
POPULATION (of salmon)
“An independent population is a group of fish of
the same species that spawns in a particular
lake or stream (or portion thereof) at a
particular season and which, to a substantial
degree, does not interbreed with fish from any
other group spawning in a different place or in
the same place at a different season” Ricker, W.
E. 1972. Hereditary and environmental factors
affecting certain salmonid populations. In R. C.
Simon and P. A. Larkin (eds.), The Stock Concept
in Pacific Salmon, p. 27-160. University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, B. C.
PRODUCTIVITY
Also known as population growth rate. The rate
at which a POPULATION is able to
reproduce offspring under a given
set of environmental conditions. This can be
restricted to particular life stages.
R
REACH
A segment of a stream (e.g. 50 to 500 m) with a
uniform set of
physical characteristics, which is usually
bounded by a hardened hydraulic control point
or significant change in habitat type or gradient
on each end (NWFSC, 2008).
RECOVERY
A general term for the reestablishment or
restoration of POPULATIONS reduced in size or
at risk. It is used in two senses: in a "narrow
sense" as it is defined in the ESA (see
DELISTING), and in a "broad sense" to include
efforts that extend beyond the requirements of
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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the ESA (NWFSC, 2008). (See RESTORATION).
RECOVERY PLAN
Under the ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT (ESA), a
document identifying actions needed to
improve the status of a SPECIES or ESU to the
point that it no longer warrants continued
protection under the statute (NWFSC, 2008).
REFUGIA
Areas or locations in fish habitats that
provide shelter or protection during times of
danger or distress, or are of high-quality habitat
that support populations limited to fragments
of their former geographic range. REFUGIA may
be a center from which dispersion may take
place to re-colonize areas post disturbance.
REFUGIA can refer to habitat features such as
pools, but may also refer to places of retained
water level in drought, off-channel wetlands
during flood events or bodies of water offering
thermal refugia.
RESIDENT
Describes NON-ANADROMOUS salmon who
spend their entire lives in the stream where
they were spawned (Quinn, 2005, p. 4). (As
distinct from fluvial and adfluvial.)
RESTORATION (or BROAD-SENSE RECOVERY)
1) Referring to Endangered Species Listing, the
process leading to, or condition under which, a
particular EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNIT
(“ESU”) of a salmon has returned to sufficient
numbers and GENETIC DIVERSITY that it can be
deemed self-sustaining and can be harvested
economically (NWFSC, 2008);
2) Referring to habitat, an action that removes
or repairs a threat (as defined in Chapter 3 -
Threats of this document) or otherwise returns
salmon habitat to a condition that fully supports
a salmon life-cycle stage.
RIPARIAN
The interface between land and a stream; the
geographic area around the edge of a waterway
where the land and the waterway meet, overlap
and interact most directly by providing aquatic
and riparian ecosystem services. Plant
communities along the river banks are called
riparian vegetation. RIPARIAN ZONES are
significant in ecology and environmental
management because of their role in soil
conservation, their biodiversity, and the
influence they have on aquatic ecosystems and
may also provide microclimates; their bank
stability can influence channel morphology and
hence, habitat. They can occur in many forms,
including grassland, woodland, wetland or even
non-vegetative (ODFW, 2003). The RIPARIAN
MANAGEMENT ZONE is sometimes referred to
as the “RMZ.”
ROAD MAINTENANCE AND ABANDONMENT
PLAN (“RMAP”)
A forest road inventory and schedule for any
repair work that is needed to bring roads up to
state standards. It is prepared by the landowner
and approved by WDNR. Washington State
forest management laws require most private
forest landowners to prepare and submit Road
Maintenance and Abandonment Plans.
(DNR:RMAP). See:
http://www.dnr.wa.gov/BusinessPermits/Topic
s/SmallForestLandownerOffice/Pages/fp_sflo_r
map.aspx
RUN
The total number of adult salmon that survive
the natural mortality agents and head back to
freshwater, usually their natal stream, to
spawn. Those that evade causes of mortality
and spawn are called the ESCAPEMENT (Quinn,
2005, p. 4).
RUN TIMING
The identified time periods each season of the
year (usually identified by week) attributed to
each species or separately identified stock of
ANADROMOUS or RESIDENT salmon on their
spawning run, when those populations typically
enter an area—the mouth of a river or other
terminal area—and then also when those same
populations arrive and spawn in their particular
upriver spawning areas (NWFSC, 2008).
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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S
SALMONID
Any of the SPECIES of fish in the family
Salmonidae, including salmon, trout, and char
(NWFSC, 2008). For this document, both
Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus (bull trout or char)
are included.
SCOUR
The erosive action of running water in streams,
which excavates and carries away material from
the bed and banks. SCOUR may occur in both
earth and solid rock material (StreamNet,
2012). The presence of LWM in a stream
channel can restrict channel width, accelerating
flow and increase the water’s force on stream
bed material and causing downstream SCOUR.
This process is key in the creation of pools and
riffles essential for good salmon habitat. SCOUR
is also a major cause of bridge failure when
bridge supports restrict stream channels.
SERAL
Of or relating to the entire sequence of
ecological communities successively occupying
an area from the initial stage to the climax.
Often used to describe a phase in maturation of
forests, for example, “a seral stage”; “a seral
community.”
SSHEAR
Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Evaluation and
Restoration, a program of the Washington State
Department of Fish and Wildlife.
SMOLT
A life stage of salmon that occurs just before
the fish leaves fresh water. SMOLTING is the
physiological process that allows salmon to
transition from fresh to salt water. (NWFSC,
2008). The transitions include altering their
color, shape, salt balance, energy storage,
patterns of drinking, urination and behavior
(Quinn, 2005, p. 3-4).
SPECIES
Any distinct
POPULATION segment that interbreeds when
mature and has sexually viable offspring. By
NOAA policy, the last definition
includes EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS
(ESUs) of salmon (NWFSC, 2008).
STAKEHOLDER
A party with an interest in a proceeding.
Generally “STAKEHOLDERS” are considered
distinct from governmental entities, which have
a management role as well as a financial or
political interest.
SUSTAINABLE
Refers to a population that is able to maintain
its genetic legacy and long-term adaptive
potential for the foreseeable future (NWFSC,
2008).
T
TERMINAL FISHERIES
FISHERIES near freshwater (usually the mouth
of rivers or bays or near a hatchery release site)
where the targeted species is returning to
spawn. This definition includes the WDFW term
"extreme terminal fisheries" defined by
Crawford as ". . . areas where hatchery fish can
be harvested with minimum impact on WILD
STOCKS” (Crawford, 1997, Northwest Fisheries
Science Center, NOAA. Glossary, p. 24. Online:
http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/tech
memos/tm32/chapters/glossary.html
TERMINAL RUN SIZE
The number of fish in a RUN or POPULATION
that return capable of spawning.
THREATENED SPECIES
Under the federal ESA, any SPECIES that is likely
to become an ENDANGERED SPECIES within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range.
TURBIDITY
A water quality parameter that describes
suspended particles and measures the degree
to which they affect water clarity. The unit of
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
x
measurement is NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity
Units). For salmon, the state water quality
standards for TURBIDITY and the range of
tolerances are found in WAC 173-201A-200
(1)(e). FINES can not only adversely impact
salmon eggs (by blocking INTERSTICES and limiting
oxygen), but also can harm salmon
gills.
END OF GLOSSARY
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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"Protect the best and restore the rest."
Executive Summary
The North Pacific Coast is the newest Lead Entity for salmon recovery in Washington
State (25th) under the Salmon Recovery Funding Board and encompasses the same
boundary as Watershed Resource Inventory Area 20 (WRIA 20). In 2007 this group split off of
the North Olympic Peninsula Lead Entity (NOPLE), whose watersheds all drain into the Strait
of Juan de Fuca, and became the North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (NPCLE), which has all
watersheds draining into the Pacific. NPCLE is also a member of the Coast Salmon Partnership
(CSP) [previously named the Washington Coast Sustainable Salmon Partnership (WCSSP)]
similarly established in 2007. CSP is a strategic regional association comprised of the four
Lead Entities (LEs) along the Washington coast: Willapa Bay LE, Chehalis Basin LE, Quinault
Indian Nation LE, and North Pacific Coast LE. The Coast Salmon Foundation (CSF)
[previously the Washington Coast Sustainable Salmon Foundation (WCSSF)] was established
in 2014 as a non-profit supporting organization to CSP that serves as its fiscal agent and
fundraising partner. See https://www.coastsalmonpartnership.org/.
The North Pacific Coast recovery area encompasses 935,250 acres of land and over 80
miles of coastline starting in the south in the Hoh River Basin at the Steamboat Creek
drainage and extending north to the Ocean Creek drainage at Cape Flattery. The largest
drainage area is the centrally located Quillayute River watershed, which is fed by the Dickey,
Sol Duc, Calawah, and Bogachiel River systems. The north end of this salmon recovery area
is dominated by the extensive stream basin of Lake Ozette and the independent drainages of
the Tsoo-Yess and Wa’atch Rivers.
The area, located in one of three temperate rain forests in the world, experiences some
90-240+ inches of rainfall per year. Land ownership in this region is dominated by federal,
state, tribal, and private commercial forest holdings. Wilderness or late seral stage forest
protection covers much of the upper watersheds and nearly all the coast. The coast also
includes reservation lands belonging to three tribes with an extensive overlay of off-
reservation treaty rights, the Usual and Accustomed (U&A) fishing areas covering each
watershed and extending out into the Pacific Ocean. These U&As have been defined by
federal courts. In addition to tribal U&As, the nearshore is under several layers of state and
federal authority depending upon the resource. Except for reservation lands, the lower
elevation portions of the river systems are predominantly in either privately or government-
owned commercial forestry. The relatively small remainder is in diverse rural-residential,
recreational and agricultural use. There are several small urban centers, with the City of
Forks as the largest.
Two salmonid species in NPCLE have been listed for federal protection: Bull Trout
Salvelinus confluentus and Lake Ozette Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Both of these
species are listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The five-
year review of the Recovery Plan for Bull Trout was completed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS) in 2008, and in 2010 they released an update to the critical habitat
designation (USFWS, 2010). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
finalized the Lake Ozette Sockeye Recovery Plan in 2009 (NMFS, 2009). NOAA completed
5-year status reviews of the population in 2011, 2016, and late 2022. The Lake Ozette
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
xii
Sockeye Steering Committee (LOSSC), a group made up of local citizens and landowners,
biologists, and representatives of multiple county, state, tribal, and Federal entities, assisted
NOAA in developing the Recovery Plan and provided an initial prioritization of projects, but it
was dissolved by vote of the committee members in 2019. NPCLE incorporated the LOSSC’s
Near-Term Priority List, created to address a prioritized subset of recovery actions, into the
Lead Entity’s project list. Additionally, former members of the LOSSC continue to work
cooperatively and independently to develop projects.
Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch,
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta, Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, steelhead
Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout), and non-Ozette Sockeye Salmon
stocks in NPCLE are not federally listed. A status assessment on these latter populations
has not been undertaken since 2002 (SASSI, 2002). However, recent tribal escapement data
on many of these stocks show declines in recent years that could support designations of
depressed or even critical (PFMC, 2010 and Appendix C). Current preferred language for
describing stock status is “stable, declining, or rising” [see Appendix C-3 from Manual 18 of
the Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO), the state agency managing salmon
restoration grant programs].
This strategy document has two primary sections: The first section describes the goals
and objectives of the plan, the methodology of how projects are identified and annually
prioritized, and the application procedure for individuals and organizations who wish to apply
as project sponsors.
The second section is broken down into geographic regions by watersheds and contains a
final section that covers a nearshore project area along the entire coastline of WRIA 20.
Chapters within Section 2 first provide the context of restoration in the specific basin and then
provide a current list of the highest prioritized projects for each basin or habitat region.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The North Pacific Coast Lead Entity Initiating Governments and Citizens Committee
would like to thank all the hard work of the Technical Committee (Appendix E), the Lead
Entity Coordinator, and staff of the Coast Salmon Partnership and UW ONRC in producing
this updated strategy for salmon restoration in WRIA 20. They would also like to
acknowledge the extremely valuable regional publications that preceded and support this
document by providing the scientific information that is the basis for its authority, including
Carol Smith's (2000) Limiting Factors Analysis, the 2005 version of NOPLE's strategy
(NOPLE, 2005), Jay Hunter's (2006) compilation of salmon restoration prioritization for the
Quillayute Basin, the North Pacific Coast Lead Entity 2007 Initial Habitat Strategy for
Salmonid Projects Considered within WRIA 20 (NPCLE, 2007), the 2010-2023 editions of the
North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy, and the Hoh Basin tributary
analysis by McMillan and Starr (2008). New references regarding climate or other areas of
study will be footnoted or otherwise referenced within.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
xiii
Dedicated to the memory of
Jim Jacoby
(1944-2012)
For his steadfast support of salmon restoration on the North Pacific
Coast
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
1
Section 1: Project Prioritization and Application Process
1.1 Goals and Objectives
The primary goal of the North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (NPCLE) is to maintain and
improve ecosystem productivity and genetic diversity for all WRIA 20 salmonid species by
protecting highly productive habitats and populations as well as restoring impaired habitat
and populations with the potential to recover. To accomplish this goal the Lead Entity will
utilize the best available science to set priorities and incorporate socio-political factors that
help provide direction and focus in decision-making for the success of project sponsors
(NPCLE, 2007).
A second goal is to work with partners to engage the public in Outreach and Education
projects, through a variety of methods as funding permits, including but not limited to:
professionally guided citizen science; classroom programs; media presentations and
website development; mentoring and/or internships; festivals and promotional events; or
lecture series.
A third goal is to identify areas worthy of peer-level research in the hope that this will
attract universities and other research facilities to collaborate on future projects in this
WRIA.
While state and federal resources have been the primary funding base of WRIA 20
projects to date, this strategy also includes relevant projects that may lie outside those
funding criteria.
NPCLE has used “A Review of Stream Restoration Techniques and a Hierarchical
Strategy for Prioritizing Restoration in Pacific Northwest Watersheds” (Roni, Beechie,
Bilby, Leonetti, Pollock and Pess, 2002) as a guideline publication to create a prioritization
process for on-the-ground salmon habitat restoration projects in WRIA 20 basins. This
publication presents the results of an analysis by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
of several types of restoration approaches and their effects on multiple salmonid species
over time. The primary recommendations promoted in this publication have been adopted
by NPCLE in its project prioritization process (NPCLE, 2007), and they serve as the
default prioritization guidance for projects that have not yet been identified and ranked in
this document.
The Roni et al (2002) review found that “watershed restoration should focus on
restoring natural processes that create and maintain habitat rather than manipulating
instream habitat.” Based on that philosophy, the authors suggest that restoration efforts
are usually most effective if they adhere to the following hierarchical strategy:
1. Analyze the site: The first step is an analysis of the watershed, reach, or project site.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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The analysis should identify both healthy and degraded habitat based on the natural
characteristics of the site. If degraded habitat is found, determine what habitat-forming
processes specific to that site are altered and the factors responsible.
2. Protect the best: The most effective step after the analysis is to protect salmonid habitat
that is already healthy.
3. Reconnect healthy habitat: The next most effective action is to reconnect healthy but
isolated habitat. Examples include removing fish passage barriers (culverts, weirs, and other
barriers to potentially accessible fish habitat) and reconnecting the stream or river to
sloughs, wetlands, high flow channels, and estuarine habitat.
4. Fix bad roads: Road repair is high on the list because failing and poorly designed roads
impair salmonid habitat in many ways. Roads can increase the delivery of fine sediment
that chokes spawning beds. Culverts can change stream hydrology or block the transport
of sediment, wood, and nutrients. Road-related landslides can increase bedload supply,
thus filling rearing pools and impairing channel function.
5. Restore riparian processes: Damage to the riparian zone includes any alteration that
disrupts its normal interaction with the stream, river or wetlands, or reduces the availability of
food resources for rearing salmon. Examples include dominance by invasive weeds;
truncation of the floodplain through channelization, bank armoring, dikes, some modes of
timber harvest; improper harvest of buffer trees; conversion of riparian zones from conifers
to hardwoods (which can reduce the long-term supply of LWM); and livestock grazing in
riparian corridors (which can cause stream bank erosion, channel sedimentation, and
widening, and decreased water quality).
6. Restore instream habitat: Instream habitat restoration [adding Large Woody Material-
(LWM), boulders, spawning gravel, and nutrients] is last because it tends to be a temporary
fix and because results are variable. LWM placement should promote natural channel-
forming processes by mimicking natural LWM accumulations which are replenished by
yearly high flows and as such should be secure enough to withstand peak flows. LWM
used as a channel roughening agent should be complex and remain well anchored but use
the minimum amount of metal hardware.
Incorporating Climate Change
In addition to existing restoration efforts identified in Roni et al (2002), NPCLE
recognized that climate change has the potential to add new stressors to salmon habitat
and aggravate existing conditions. In the 2016 edition of the NPCLE annual strategy,
climate change influences were added as an overlay to all goals and to the scoring
process. WRIA 20’s location and lack of major urban development have shielded it from
the most rapid changes, however change has already begun. For example, from 1982 to
2009, Olympic National Park lost 82 glaciers, with a drop in both in surface area and
volume of ice (Riedel et al. 2017). Indicators of the shifting variables of climate change
can differ even among the respective watersheds of the WRIA. These may include, but
are not limited to, new or increased invasive species presence, extremes in seasonal
stream discharge and temperature, or ocean chemistry in the nearshore. Project sponsors
are encouraged to take climate change into consideration wherever applicable or
possible.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Many of the new risks to salmon can be attributed to phenological shifts (shifts in
locality because of temperature and/or precipitation changes on land, or temperature
and/or chemistry changes in the ocean), leading to the introduction of new species to a
region, and loss or reduction of historically native species.1 While NPCLE does not work
on ocean conditions beyond the nearshore, the impact of changing food supplies for
salmon beyond the smolt stage makes it even more critical to improve conditions for them
at spawning and juvenile stages.2
As mentioned, climate-driven phenological effects are also evident for invasive
species. New field observations have indicated that some invasive plants previously
assigned only to terrestrial impact have been discovered to impair channel habitat as well
and have long-term allelopathic properties, notably Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparious),
the seeds of which are allegedly viable for 75 years.3 The leaf litter of invasive Polygonum
spp. (knotweed, a flowering cane) has less nutritive capacity than native plants, with an
adverse domino effect on macroinvertebrates of the hyporheic zone, thus adversely
impacting juvenile salmonids. Knotweeds thrive in riparian zones and sand bars and
aggressively expand their range vegetatively.4
Education and Outreach
Along with habitat restoration projects, RCO has also accepted projects in recent years
that support or lead to salmon species restoration through outreach and education.
Regardless of the form projects may take, each must have a clear relationship to the
overall technical goals of this strategy and support restoration on the ground. Projects
should be conducted within the WRIA 20 boundary unless it can be clearly demonstrated
why performing them in a different area would benefit the WRIA 20 geographic region.
1 While some climate research and summation of watershed status has been done locally (see, e.g., downloadable
studies and a metadata list at https://quileutenation.org/natural-resources/climate-change/, the extension of our
rainforest into British Columbia and S.E. Alaska has been the subject of relevant peer-reviewed research, as well:
Shanley, C. S. et al., Climate change implications in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America.
Climate Change (2015) 130:155-170. Parallels can be drawn.
2 Scheurell, M.D., Zabel, R.W. and Sandford, B. P. Relating juvenile migration timing and survival to adulthood in two
species of threatened Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.). J. of Applied Ecology, 2009, 46, 983-990. See also the
pending research (sent to publication) by SeaGrant staff in The Cordova Times, November 17, 2017, involving adverse
impact of ocean acidification on olfactory senses of ingressing salmonids.
3 Muir, J.L. and Vamosi, J.C. Invasive Sctoch broom (Ctisus scoparius, Fabaceae) and the pollination success of three
Garry oak-associated plant species. Bio. Invasions. 2015. DOI 10.1007/s10530-015-0886-3. See also Weidenhamer,
J. D. and Callaway, R.M. Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Plants on Soil Chemistry and Ecosystem Function. J.
Chem. Ecol. (2010) 36:59-69.
4 Urgenson, L.S. Reichard, S.H, and Halpern, C.B. Community and ecosystem consequences of giant knotweed
(Polygonum sachalinense), invasioninto riparian forests of western Washington, USA. Biological Conservation , in
press 2017 (seems to have been submitted 2009). See also Claeson, S.M., LeRoy, C.J, Barry, J.R., and Kuehn, K. A.
Impacts of invasive riparian knotweed on litter decomposition, aquatic fungi, and macroinvertebrates. Biological
Invasions. 2013 DOI 10.1007/s10530-013-0589-6. "The final
publication is available at link.springer.com”:
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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For example, citizen science is a valuable contribution, especially in the current
financial climate, but it is important that citizens act inside the framework of a managed
research or field project. In order for such programs to be eligible for funding, they must
have oversight by a professional, a clear quality assurance/quality control plan that has
been approved by a federal, state, local, or tribal government, and have transparent
reporting of data.
Similarly, classroom programs/field trips must have the endorsement of the school or
institution for which they are designed before submitting a project to NPCLE. Festivals,
lectures and media presentations, websites, and any other plan to produce written or
audio material must have oversight/review by persons with technical expertise regarding
salmon.
1.2 Annual Project List:
The NPCLE project list identifies actions or programs in WRIA 20 that are reviewed
by the Technical and Citizens Committees for additions and subtractions each year.
Additions to the list come from ongoing assessments and restoration prioritization
processes and from new projects recommended by stakeholders and Technical
Committee members over the previous year. Subtractions from the list are undertaken
when projects are fully completed, or conditions have changed so that the project is no
longer relevant for further consideration. The list is generated independently for each of
the five habitat regions in WRIA 20: the three primary watershed basins (Ozette,
Quillayute, and Hoh), the Independent Drainages, and the Nearshore. For purposes of
NPCLE projects, the Nearshore extends from the littoral zone (beach shoreline), or from
the area of tidal influence in the lower sections of the rivers, out to a depth of 30 m mllw
(mean lower low water), 30 m being the light attenuation break (Shaffer et. al 2008).
The current suite of potential projects is provided in a table in Appendix B and lists
potential restoration actions and projects that have been locally identified and
recommended as currently needed to support salmon habitat restoration. Projects in
Appendix B are ranked as high, medium, or low priorities using an abbreviated ranking
matrix (Table 1) developed by the Technical Committee from Roni et al, 2002. The
prioritized projects described within the text in Section 2 are the “highest” ranked
projects on the list in Appendix B. Each project is summarized on the following pages
under the habitat region where it occurs.
Projects are scored and prioritized separately for the grant round using the process
described in Section 1.4. Any project can be put forward as a potential candidate for
funding and considered on its merits in any year regardless of whether it is in Appendix
B.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Table 1. NPCLE Project List Tier Ranking Prioritization Matrix, which lists
each metric with a brief description and the range of points used for ranking and
weighting projects by the NPCLE Technical Committee. This abbreviated matrix is
used to rank projects on the list found in Appendix B.
1.3 Eligibility for the Annual Grant Rounds:
Any proposed project submitted on time for consideration in an advertised grant
round can be fully funded independently of existing lists as long as it scores high enough
in the final proposal evaluation and ranking by both the NPCLE Technical Committee
and Citizens Committee.
Tier Score Sheet
PROJECT NAME / # :REVIEWER NAME:
SCORE
PROJECT STRATEGY
(score only as many as appropriate)Category Description
Score
Range (Reviewer)
Builds on previous projects
Builds on previous projects (e.g., restoration, acquisition, research, or
assessments)0 to 4
Salmonid Habitat Quality
Water quality, pool frequency, channel and floodplain morphology,
LWM frequency positively affected by the project .0 to 4
Salmonid Habitat Quantity
Total area or length of habitat improvement after project completion.
0 to 4
Salmonid Life Histories
Range of salmon life history stages addressed and positively affected
by the project (e.g. spawning, rearing, migration).0 to 4
Salmonid Species Diversity
(current)Number of salmonid species positively affected.
0 to 4
ESA Listed Stock(s)Acknowledgement of special status for any ESA listed stocks.
0 or 2
Incorporation of Invasive
Species
Comprehensively incorporates invasive species threats in the project
footprint.0 to 4
Riparian forest and native
vegetation
Are riparian areas healthy with native vegetation or will invasive
species and/or restoration be addressed?0 to 4
Quantity of Processes
Addressed
How many anthropogenic or geomorphic issues will be positively
affected by the project; e.g., fish passage, sediment transport,
channel migration, incising etc.?0 to 4
Climate Resilience
Climate resilience is formally incorporated into the project benefits
(e.g., part of the described methodology).0 to 4
Urgency for immediate
implementation.
Are there timing issues for this project's success (e.g., technical,
financial, or regulatory) that make it more important to move forward
now?0 to 4
TOTAL:
RATING:
*Purpose of this preliminary project score sheet is to serve as a guide for reviewers
considering projects for the Salmon Recovery Portal (SRP) and being added to the NPCLE
Project List. The simplified scoresheet will allow reviewers to give each project a low,
CATEGORIES
Score Scale: 0-13 LOW;
14-27 MEDIUM;
28-40 HIGH
Discussion Comments
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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The annual SRFB project review takes place in spring for all projects officially
submitted. These annually submitted projects are reviewed and ranked against each
other using the criteria described in Table 1. In the final proposal review, all the top
projects for which there is enough funding are put forward for full awards. Projects for
which there is not enough funding may be submitted as alternates at the discretion of
the NPCLE Citizen's Committee. Alternates can then be considered for funding if a
higher-ranking project must be withdrawn for some reason or additional funding
becomes available through the Coast Salmon Partnership before the grant round has
officially ended.
1.4 Grant Round Project Prioritization Method
The process of prioritizing projects within the WRIA 20 boundaries has been
revised from the 2007 strategy to focus more on how proposed projects will affect critical
watershed processes and biological integrity over the long term relative to climate change.
However, most of the key prioritization considerations remain the same, dating back to the
Quileute Natural Resources in its assessment (Hunter, 2006) and the old North Olympic
Peninsula Lead Entity strategy (NOPLE, 2005) under which the initial SRFB projects in
WRIA 20 were implemented from 1999-2006. Changes reflected in the prioritization
matrix presented here took place in 2008 and 2009 with its draft application to Hoh River
Basin projects for Rounds 9 and 10 of the Salmon Recovery Funding Board. Its final
implementation across WRIA 20 was in the 2010 Edition of The North Pacific Coast
(WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy, which has been updated annually ever since.
This newest prioritization matrix (Table 2, below), used for ranking grant
applications, has been developed with a suite of characteristics selected by the NPCLE
Technical Committee to address the types of projects and strategies they employ, the
physical habitat conditions, and the biological conditions of the fish and their immediate
environment that follows from Roni et al, 2002. The first three categories of the matrix are
for overall consideration in promoting a project to be on the annual restoration project list
(Appendix B). For individual projects being proposed in a specific grant round, reviewers
also consider variables such as the urgency of the project to be undertaken immediately,
the likelihood of success given the qualifications of the sponsor, the specific requirements
of the grant round, and the level of community support.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Table 2. NPCLE SRFB Grant Round Project Prioritization Matrix, which lists
each metric with a brief description and the range of points used for ranking and
weighting projects by the NPCLE Technical Committee. Table 2 appears on the
following two pages.
PROJECT NAME / # :REVIEWER NAME:
Sponsor:
SCORE COMMENTS
PRIMARY PROJECT
STRATEGY
(score only the single most appropriate
strategy)Category Description
Score
Range (Reviewer)
Preservation/Protection.Obtains permanent protection from direct human impacts to habitat
conditions through conservation easements or land purchase. 0 to 10
Assessment to define
projects and/or to fill data
gaps.
Conducts archival and empirical studies to document or ground truth current
conditions prior to identifying specific restoration actions.0 to 10
Restoration of Processes -
Long term
Undertakes actions that support natural processes to permanently (longer
than 10 years) recover habitat conditions.0 to 10
Restoration of Physical
Habitat - short term
Undertakes engineered restoration of degraded habitat to immediately
improve habitat conditions on a temporary time scale (<10 years). 0 to 5
Reconnect Fragmented
/ Isolated Habitats
Undertakes actions that repair physical corridors and restores functions of
previously connected habitat areas.0 to 10
PROJECT METHOD TYPE
(score only as many as appropriate)Category Description Score
Range
SCORE
(Reviewer)COMMENTS
Acquisition/Easement Project will use funds to purchase and/or a contractual agreement to
maintain or improve salmon habitat conditions.0 to 4
Fish Passage
Remove stream-crossing structures or restore, upgrade and replace stream-
crossing structures to allow migration of all fish life history stages and the
natural movement of streambed material and large woody material.
Consider the severity of the blockage.0 to 4
Road Decommissioning Elimination of existing road(s) and reestablishment of natural channel
configuration and natural habitat functions.0 to 4
Drainage / Stabilization
Increase water crossing structure (including but not limited to, bridges,
culverts, crossdrains) sizes or numbers specifically to improve drainage and
stability to avoid excess flow into any drainage, and/or stabilize segments in
risk of failure. Consider the risk of failure and sediment delivery to the
system. *Fish passage projects not applicable unless part of a larger
package.0 to 4
Floodplain & Wetland
Connectivity
Remove, relocate and re-design road segments, dikes, bank armoring,
revetments and approach fills that are specifically impacting floodplain or
wetland function and hydrology and/or reduces incision through increased
vertical connectivity. 0 to 4
Large Woody Material
Placement
Design and place engineered/less-engineered woody material accumulations
and logjam structures to enhance channel stability, stabilize spawning
substrate, accumulate natural wood, and/or to protect significant habitat
features for the maintenance of productive fish habitat. 0 to 4
Riparian Restoration
Inventory and remove invasive species along banks and river bars within
basins using appropriate methods for removal and control. Promote
appropriate age and species composition of vegetation through thinning and
replanting. Fence riparian areas from livestock, relocate parallel roads and
other infrastructure from riparian areas.0 to 4
Instream structure
removal / abandonment
Permanent removal of culverts, failed bridges, cedar spalts, and other
anthropogenic instream blockages so that the channel returns to natural
conditions leaving no structure behind.0 to 4
Instream Structure
Improvement/replacement
Improvement or replacement of existing culverts, bridges, or other failed
instream structures so that the channel returns to adequate function for the
support of salmon habitat.0 to 4
Other (methods not
captured above)
Unique or specific assessments, experimental techniques, quantitative and
spatial modeling or the application of new technology.0 to 4
continued on next page
CATEGORIES
Reminder: Score assessment and design phases at an equal level of gain as implementation phases, as long as the project will clearly lead to
construction or restoration. If the project is phased, score it as a whole.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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continued from previous page
HABITAT AND BIOLOGY
ADDRESSED
(Score low to high for how it is
improved or maintained in excellent
condition)
Category Description Score
Range SCORE
(Reviewer)COMMENTS
Salmonid Habitat Quality
Water quality, pool frequency, channel composition, LWM frequency, and
instream biodiversity positively affected by the project.0 to 4
Salmonid Habitat
Quantity
Total improved stream length/estuary area etc. after project completion.
Reviewer may take into consideration percent of critical habitat positively
effected by project.0 to 4
Salmonid Life Histories Range of salmon life history stages addressed and positively affected by
the project (e.g. spawning, rearing, migration, off-channel refugia). 0 to 4
Salmonid Species/Run
Diversity (current)
Diversity of salmonid species and runs positively affected by the project.
Consider diversity relative to the other projects submitted for funding. 0 to 4
Riparian forest and
native vegetation
Are riparian areas healthy with native vegetation or will invasive species
and/or restoration be addressed?0 to 4
Sediment Control
Anthropogenic or geomorphic- sediment issues and/or their restoration
positively affected by the project.0 to 4
Climate Adaptation
Climate adaptation is formally incorporated into project benefits and
addressed in the proposal description.0 to 4
Salmonid habitat
connectivity
Improvement or maintenance of connectivity to functional or high quality
habitat.0 to 4
Likelihood of Success
(score applicant based on track record
and resources)
Category Description
Score
Range SCORE
(Reviewer)COMMENTS
Applicant is or has an
appropriate project
sponsor.
How complete and balanced is the project team?
0 to 4
Likelihood of satisfying
the granting agency.
How does this project address the funding requirements of the granting
agency?0 to 4
Accuracy and
completeness of budget.
Are projected expenses realistic relative to documented costs and are they
adequate?0 to 4
Urgency for immediate
implementation.
Are there timing issues for this projects success that make it more important
to move forward now?0 to 4
Qualifications Qualifications / track record of sponsor/partners 0 to 4
Local Community Support
Is there endorsement (e.g support letters) of affected landowners, support
by economic sectors, community awareness and adequate buy in?0 to 4
TOTAL:0
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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1.4.1 Descriptions of Grant Round Prioritization Categories:
A description for each category in Table 1 is provided below to explain how ranking
criteria for potential and proposed projects are applied by the NPCLE review teams.
Project Strategy: NPCLE assesses and scores projects based on five possible strategies
they may follow. Projects may follow more than one strategy but will only receive a score
for the single, most-appropriate strategy they employ. Each project is scored according to
how adequately it proposes to accomplish the strategy it follows.
• Preservation/Protection: Obtains protection from direct human impacts to
habitat conditions through conservation easements or land purchase. The land
should be high-quality salmon habitat to begin with and/or include a long-term
management plan that restores it and allows it to be self-sustaining as high-
quality salmon habitat.
• Assessment/Monitoring to Fill Data Gaps: Conducts studies to document or
ground truth information about current conditions prior to identifying specific
restoration actions and to identify what and where restoration actions are most
appropriate.
• Restoration of Processes – Long-term: Undertakes actions that support natural
processes to recover habitat conditions -actions primarily involving geomorphic or
vegetation modifications that support or enhance existing natural conditions that
may require years for measurable effects. Examples would be a bridge,
reconnecting off-channel habitat, and road decommissioning.
• Restoration of Physical Habitat – Short-term: Restoration of degraded habitat
to immediately improve habitat conditions on a temporary basis. Projects are
designed to mimic and promote natural processes in order to preserve critical
conditions, usually with the hope but not a high probability of incorporation into
long-term processes. Examples would be invasive plant removal, stream grade
control, or other projects that require ongoing maintenance.
• Reconnect Fragmented/Isolated Habitats: Undertakes actions that repair
physical corridors and restore functions of previously connected habitat areas.
This includes any fish passage blockages between previously available spawning
habitat, as well as important juvenile foraging areas.
Project Method: The project is next assessed and scored according to how
adequately it proposes to apply one or more of the following methods. Projects only
receive scores on the methods they utilize.
• Acquisition/Easement: Project will use funds to purchase land or establish an
easement or other temporary contractual agreement for land, in order to maintain
or improve salmon habitat conditions.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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• Fish Passage: Remove stream-crossing structures or restore, upgrade, and
replace stream-crossing structures to allow migration of all fish life-history stages
and the natural movement of streambed material and large woody material.
Scorers should consider the severity of the blockage.
• Road Decommissioning: Eliminate existing road(s) for the reestablishment of
natural channel configurations and natural habitat functions.
• Drainage/Stabilization: Increase water crossing structure (including but not
limited to, bridges, culverts, crossdrains) sizes or numbers, specifically to improve
drainage and stability, to avoid excess flow into any drainage, and remove side
cast at segments in risk of failure. Consider the risk of failure and sediment
delivery to the system. *Fish passage projects are not applicable for this method
type unless they are part of a larger package.
• Flood Plain & Wetlands: Reconnect or re-design lowlands, road segments,
dikes, bank armoring, revetments and fill that are specifically impacting floodplain,
channel, or wetland function. This can include removing, relocating and
redesigning road segments, dikes, bank armoring, revetments or fills that are
specifically impacting floodplain or wetland function and hydrology.
• Large Woody Material Placement: Design and place large woody material
structures to promote natural channel processes. These structures provide cover;
create channel complexity, segregate and stabilize spawning substrate; trap and
accumulate natural large woody material; and/or to protect significant habitat
features within flood plains for the maintenance of productive fish habitat.
• Riparian Restoration: Restore riparian processes by inventorying and removing
invasive species along banks and river bars within basins using appropriate
methods for removal and control. Promote appropriate age and species
composition of vegetation through landscaping, thinning, planting, understory
vegetation control, conversion of riparian areas to mixed stands and replanting.
Fence riparian areas from livestock; relocate parallel roads and other
infrastructure away from riparian areas when possible.
• Instream Structure Removal/Abandonment: Permanently remove culverts,
failed bridges, cedar spalts, and other anthropogenic instream blockages so that
the channel returns to natural conditions, leaving no structure behind.
• Instream Structure Improvement/Replacement: Improve or replace existing
culverts, bridges, or other failed instream structures so that the channel returns to
adequate function for the support of salmon habitat.
• Other (methods not captured above): Conduct special assessments, perform
quantitative and spatial modeling or apply new technology. Examples include
assessments or monitoring of riparian conditions, cold water refugia, invasive
species, rip rap, culverts, etc.
Habitat and Biology Addressed: The proposed actions at the location of the project
are next assessed for each of the following ecological conditions, and then scored as
to how well the project either preserves or improves those conditions.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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• Salmonid Habitat Quality: Pool frequency, channel type and sediment
composition, water quality, riparian cover, large woody material frequency that are
positively affected by the project; or if conditions are maximally functional to begin
with, how are they maintained by the project?
• Salmonid Habitat Quantity: Stream length/wetland/estuary area that is affected
by the project. Is this a small postage stamp effect, or does the project affect a
much larger area or system of habitats? Also consider the percent of critical
habitat positively affected by project.
• Salmonid Life Histories: Range of salmonid life history stages addressed and
positively affected by the project (e.g., spawning, rearing, migration, off-channel
refugia).
• Species Diversity: Currently documented Diversity of salmonid species and runs
positively affected by the project. Consider diversity relative to the other projects
submitted for funding. • Riparian Forest and Native Vegetation: Are riparian
areas healthy with native vegetation or will invasive species and/or restoration be
addressed?
• Sediment Control: Are there anthropogenic or geomorphic sediment issues that
the project addresses for an improvement in salmonid habitat? If there are no
current sediment issues, will the project potentially affect sediment negatively, or
will sediment stability be maintained or improved?
• Climate Adaption: Is the project area currently showing impact(s) from climate
change and if so, will the project restore or remedy such impacts, or help to
prevent future impacts? Examples: Are changes in precipitation pattern affecting
water quantity or quality? Are new invasive species taking advantage of changes
in precipitation? If so, how will the project address these changes?
• Salmonid Habitat Connectivity: Physical interconnection with functional or
high-quality habitat, or habitat that is already protected. Is this an isolated habitat
or is it one that plays an important role in a larger system of habitats? Will the
project positively improve or maintain connectivity?
Likelihood of Success: Last, the project proposal is assessed and scored in terms
of adequacy for each of the following:
• Sponsor: The applicant is or has teamed up with an appropriate project sponsor
that provides a balanced and adequate project team.
• Likelihood of satisfying the granting agency: The project addresses the
requirements for a successful award as identified by the granting agency in its
application materials. The application is competitive and does not lack
explanation in areas the granting agency has indicated are important.
• Budget: The budget is complete and projected expenses are realistic relative to
documented costs, which are also adequate for successfully completing the
project. The overall cost of the project is realistic relative to the amount of funds
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available from the granting agency along with those from any project partners or
matching funds.
• Urgency: The project has a time-sensitive aspect that makes it more important to
be implemented in the present grant cycle. The project is either in an important
sequence of restoration actions that merit consideration or is restricted to an
opportunistic time window where the scope or scale of the project will otherwise
be lost or diminished.
• Qualifications: The training and experience of the sponsor and/or partners and
their track record performing equivalent professional services will demonstrate a
strong likelihood of success.
• Community support: The sponsor has demonstrated community awareness of,
and support for, the project. Examples include documentation of landowner
willingness to participate or provide access to the project; or letters of support
from affected community organizations, economic sectors, local governments,
and/or tribes.
1.5 Grant Round Review Process (Project application procedure, form, and
explanation of the evaluation process).
The project review process for the annual Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB)
rounds requires application through NPCLE in the early part of the year, prior to
approval from the regional organization (Coast Salmon Partnership), and final
submission of the Lead Entity list of approved projects to SRFB. Normally funds are then
available for implementation of the project in the following Spring-Summer. The full pre-
application package for the current year can be found in Appendix A of this document.
Periodically NPCLE will also review projects for other funding sources independent
of SRFB. Under circumstances where other funding agencies are involved, the
Technical and Citizen Committee reviewers will either use the funding organization's
required criteria or employ the matrix in Table 1 and adapt it to any peculiarities specific
to those funding requirements if necessary.
Many streams and rivers in the NPCLE area still do not have prioritized lists. To
help applicants choose appropriate projects in these watersheds, NPCLE has chosen
Roni et al. (2002) as its default prioritization guideline as outlined on pages above in
concert with the prioritization criteria presented in Tables 1 and 2.
For questions or assistance in developing a project in WRIA 20 (for example,
identifying potential sponsors, partners, and sources for technical assistance) contact,
the NPCLE Coordinator, Anna Geffre, at phone: 360-438-1180 ext. 575 or email:
ageffre@nwifc.org.
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Section 2: Priority Projects by Geographic Section
2.0 All WRIA 20 Basins System-wide
Watershed Resource Inventory Area 20 (WRIA 20) encompasses the
northwest core of the Olympic Peninsula rainforest ecosystem from Kalaloch to Cape
Flattery. As stated in the introduction to this strategy document, “the primary goal of
the NPCLE is to maintain and improve ecosystem productivity and genetic diversity
for all WRIA 20 salmonid species by protecting highly productive habitats and
populations, as well as restoring impaired habitat and populations with the potential
to recover.” For most of the landscape assessments and actions recommended in
this strategy, it has been deemed appropriate by the Technical Committee to
prescribe actions based upon the unique characteristics of each basin even if they
are duplicative prescriptions with some of the other basins, rather than
inappropriately prescribe them across the entire WRIA. However, two actions rose to
the level of agreement to be of WRIA-wide application.
2.0.1 Title of Project: Culvert inventories and prioritizations using WDFW protocols.
Location: All WRIA 20 basins and tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality and fish passage.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and water quality.
Action to be taken: Comprehensive field assessments of all known culverts
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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on fish-bearing streams in WRIA 20 (County, State, Federal and private).
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon,
Sockeye Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and Bull Trout.
Status: Underway and seeking additional comprehensive funding.
2.0.2 Title of Project: Low Water Access Inventory of seasonal fish barriers.
Location: All WRIA 20 basins and tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, seasonal access, aquatic habitat
quality, quantity, and off-channel habitat connectivity.
Action to be taken: Comprehensive assessment of seasonal flows to identify dewatered
mainstem bottlenecks, and off-channel access areas.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon,
Sockeye Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and Bull Trout.
Status: Seeking funding; initial data compilation underway.
2.0.3 Title of Project: Low-Tech Tributary Restoration Planning and Design
Location: All WRIA 20 Systems
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality: complexity, water quality
(temperature, sediment), water quantity (increased storage), floodplain connectivity
(reduced incision).
Action to be taken: Planning and design project will use GIS models to identify high priority
areas for low-tech restoration methods in tributary channels throughout WRIA 20. Modeling
results will be field verified at high-priority sites within the Calawah watershed. Project goal
is to accelerate implementation of low-tech restoration methods that incorporate wood into
streams at suitable, high priority locations to restore natural processes and improve climate
resilience.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: Cascade Marsh and Big Beaver sites implemented in summer 2023. Seeking
funding for additional sites.
2.0.4 Title of Project: WRIA 20 Habitat Conservation
Location: All WRIA 20 basins and tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality, habitat quality and diversity.
Action to be taken: Creation of a conservation plan that identifies high priority parcels for
conservation actions for salmonid habitat, and acquisition/easements on lands with
identified conservation value or habitat restoration potential for salmon.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, steelhead,
Sockeye Salmon, Pink Salmon, Bull Trout, Rainbow Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
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2.1 Hoh River Basin
Figure 1. Relief Map of the Hoh River Basin.
2.1.1 Hoh River Basin Background
The headwaters of the Hoh River Basin are located on Mt. Olympus at an altitude of
2,425 meters (m). The upper 65% of the basin, including the entire North Fork and
majority of the South Fork Hoh Rivers, is protected within Olympic National Park (ONP)
(McHenry and Lichatowich, 1996; Smith, 2000) (Figure 1). The Hoh River is a large
(481 km), glacially-influenced river with an extensive floodplain that contains a diverse
array of lateral riverine habitats, critical to rearing salmonids (Sedell et al., 1984; Smith,
2000; McHenry, 2001). Several major non-glacial tributaries to the Hoh also provide
temperate rearing and spawning areas for salmonids (Sedell et al., 1982; McHenry,
2001). Most of the large tributaries are located on industrial forestlands outside ONP
where land-use practices have degraded salmon rearing and spawning habitat and
altered the processes responsible for habitat formation (Smith, 2000; McHenry, 2001).
At the mouth of the Hoh River, the Hoh Tribal reservation occupies the south shore, and
Olympic National Park the north shore.
The wet, mild climate of the Hoh River is dominated by the influence of offshore
marine air and is characterized by the highest precipitation levels in Washington State
(U.S. Weather Bureau, 1965). Average annual precipitation ranges from about 225 cm
(90 inches) near the Pacific Coast to 600 cm (240 inches) per year in the Olympic
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Mountains (U.S. Weather Bureau, 1965). Normal discharge fluctuations are bimodal
with individual peak flows greatest during winter months (e.g., November to February)
and average monthly discharges highest when snowmelt runoff occurs in June and July
(USGS, 1998). As predicted in research on climate change, recent years seem to
indicate changes in the hydrograph, with higher peak flows in the November to January
period, a reduced spring runoff season, and a lower summer flow (USGS, 2010). Recent
years have shown particularly dry spring and summer seasons, with reduced flow and
higher water temperatures in tributaries. Offshore conditions such as warming oceans and
an increase in frequency of marine heat waves (periods of unusually high ocean temperatures
such as the “Blob” in 2013-2015), also have, also had a negative effect on salmonid
populations (Cheung and Frölicher 2020).
The Hoh River supports a diverse salmonid assemblage that includes five species
of Pacific salmon, two species of trout, and one char species (McHenry and Lichatowich,
1996). That said, runs are greatly reduced from the days when canneries operated on
the Hoh (McHenry, 2001; Appendix C). The spring/summer and fall Chinook Salmon O.
tshawytscha, fall Coho Salmon O. kisutch, and winter steelhead O. Mykiss are
considered among the last remaining relatively healthy populations in the lower forty-
eight (Nehlsen et al., 1991; Huntington et al., 1994; McHenry and Lichatowich, 1996).
The Hoh River Bull Trout S. confluentus population is listed as threatened under the
federal Endangered Species Act but is considered to be relatively healthy and abundant
(Mongillo, 1992). The Hoh River also contains unstudied populations of Coastal
Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii clarkii, resident Rainbow Trout and summer steelhead O.
mykiss, in addition to a few Chum Salmon O. keta, Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, and Pink
Salmon O. gorbuscha (McHenry, 2001).
Most salmonid species utilize slightly different riverine habitats (Sedell et al., 1982;
Sedell et al., 1984; McHenry, 2001) and out-migrate at different ages during their
freshwater lifecycle (Roger Moseley, WDFW, personal communication, 2007; Jim
Jorgensen, Hoh Tribe, personal communication, 2007). Over 95% of the spring/summer
and fall Chinook Salmon out-migrate as juveniles at age-0, which contrasts sharply with
the tendency of the other species to remain in freshwater for at least a full year.
Spring/summer Chinook Salmon spawn from mid-August through mid-October while fall
Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon spawn from mid-October through January. Winter
steelhead spawn from December through July. No information is available on the spawn
timing of summer steelhead, which are believed to spawn in the North Fork and South
Fork Hoh Rivers inside ONP (McHenry, 2001). The juvenile and adult life histories and
ecology of Coastal Cutthroat Trout and resident Rainbow Trout are completely
unstudied.
Bull Trout are believed to spawn primarily in ONP, in the mainstem river or in
tributaries with active glaciers (Brenkman and Meyer, 1999). More recently, extensive
research on Bull Trout has been conducted by ONP biologists to better understand life
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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histories, morphology, and migration patterns throughout the basin. Results indicate
that there are three distinct life histories: 1) freshwater residency; 2) a single migration to
sea; and 3) multiple migrations to sea (Brenkman and Corbett, 2005; Brenkman et al.,
2007). Radio telemetry revealed that among fish that made multiple migrations to sea,
some traveled to other coastal watersheds, including the Queets River, Quinault River,
and Kalaloch Creek before returning to the Hoh River (Brenkman and Corbett, 2005).
There is a wealth of peer-reviewed and unpublished reports on salmonid
populations and habitat in the Hoh River Basin, although data gaps remain. Key factors
limiting salmonid productivity in this basin were identified by Smith (2000). Washington
State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) conducted a partial watershed analysis,
including a draft fish habitat module (McHenry, 2001) and a mass wasting module
(Parks, 2001). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) conducted a Level
1 Technical Assessment for WRIA 20 watersheds (Hook, 2004). U.S. Department of
Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) also did a study of the Hoh for the WRIA 20
process (Lieb and Perry, 2005). A mid-watershed hydrologic and habitat analysis was
conducted by the Wild Fish Conservancy in 2011 and 2012. Other studies have been
conducted in the basin by state agencies, NGOs, the Hoh Tribe, and the Northwest
Indian Fisheries Commission (NWIFC). Technical reports by DNR (Cederholm and
Scarlett, 1997) and the Wild Salmon Center (WSC, 2008) examined habitat conditions in
major tributaries to the Hoh. Replications of these studies are recommended as most are
more than 20 years old. Recent geomorphic assessments have been done by the
Western Federal Lands Highways Division on channel migration, bank erosion, and
riparian conditions, along Upper Hoh Road where infrastructure has been threatened. A
similar assessment on Oil City Road is in progress. In 2022, Jefferson County and its
partners provided new hydraulic modeling as well as geomorphic, vegetation and habitat
information and reports as part of its Middle Hoh River Resiliency and Action Plans. This
effort generated new orthophotos for the reach, five conceptual restoration designs, and
defined a “resiliency corridor.”
Collectively, these technical reports concluded that while habitat in the Hoh River
Basin functions well compared to other watersheds in the western U.S., major impacts
on fish habitat have occurred and are still occurring.
Valley side slopes, terrace edges, and inner gorge areas in the Hoh River Basin
represent a high percentage of the land outside the ONP and have a naturally high
erosion potential (Parks, 2001). Climate change and ensuing glacial melt have added to
sediment loading (see p. 16, below). A combination of sensitive soil types, precipitation
intensity, mid-slope roads with side-cast construction, and extensive timber harvest have
unnaturally increased surface erosion rates in these areas (McHenry, 2001), likely
exacerbated by climate change. Although forest road systems are improving under
present DNR Forest Practice regulations (Title 222 WAC), the legacy of old roads has
taken a toll in some areas (Smith, 2000). Unintended negative effects on salmonid
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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habitat by county and federal highway systems, notably bank armoring, remains largely
unmitigated. Mass wasting and debris flows have also resulted in channel incision that
has disconnected floodplain habitat and exposed layers of clay sediment; these
continually erode and reduce water quality in both the mainstem Hoh and tributaries
(Smith, 2000).
Glacial retreat is apparent in the Hoh watershed. ONP staff have been conducting
annual mass-balance measurements on Olympic glaciers. Currently, park scientists are
tracking the rate of growth or recession of glaciers as well as determining how much
runoff is contributed to rivers by glaciers. They have documented a 34 percent decrease
in the surface area of Olympic glaciers and a 15 percent decrease in volume over the
last three decades (Riedel et al. 2017). While the underlying geology differs, the process
and outcomes appear similar to research conducted by FEMA and NPS at Mount
Rainier National Park, showing increasing entrained sediment, aggradation of
sediments, and channel avulsion throughout the river system. This in turn, affects
infrastructure such as roads, rural homes, forest succession, and channel location.
Channel migration increasingly exposes a persistent seam of blue clay throughout
the watershed. Erosion at the toes of deep-seated landslides near Nolan Creek, Maple
and Owl Creeks, and Spruce and Canyon Creeks can destabilize these geologic
hazards. The exposed clay increases turbidity and results in a sticky layer of extremely
fine sediment over gravel bars and side channel spawning beds.
Channel instability and changes in vectors and pathways such as recreation,
restoration construction, road construction, and weather patterns also disrupt riparian
succession, increase the impacts of invasive plant species that are documented to alter
riparian succession and arrest the passive restoration of native plant communities.
These are the foundation of food webs and habitat development, and when they are
impaired cause cascading effects on salmonids and other species (QIN, Lestelle et al.
2011). Succession is very complex and is as dependent on control of erosion as it is on
species. Mycorrhiza components, when understood and feasible, need to be part of any
riparian planting and invasive plant control.
The Hoh River Basin is a dynamic watershed, which in past decades has suffered
destructive mass wasting, rapid lateral channel migration, locally excessive sediment
accumulation and repeated scour during spawning and egg incubation periods. These
effects are aggravated by many causes, some of which are within the expected range of
conditions on Coast Range watersheds managed for timber production. Causes include
both rapid storm runoff from young commercial forestland at low elevations and rain-on-
snow events originating in mid-elevation forests. The riparian buffers left along
tributaries and the main channel have not been adequate to withstand windstorms,
debris flows, and channel migration. In reaches where remnant, large old-growth timber
remains, bank instability is just as poor as where no timber grows, although trees of
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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sufficient size and diameter remain in place, providing mass to build back river bars and
floodplain terraces. The lack of large riparian timber reduces shading and limits the
supply of large wood material (LWM) to that which washes down from Olympic National
Park. Few pieces of LWM are large enough to remain stable and embedded during
normal peak flows, so most are carried through the system to the beach unless caught
up in an existing log jam or in a side channel. In tributaries, habitat has been isolated by
fish passage-blocking culverts along the mainstem corridor and in upland tributaries.
Road systems, in various states of repair, enable sudden storm runoff, transferring fine
sediment washed from road surfaces or debris from road failures into tributaries and the
river. Cedar spalt dams have also blocked access to habitat and degraded water quality
in several lower elevation tributaries. Targets for restoration include expanding and
diversifying riparian forests, retaining sufficient mature forests to ensure healthy
watershed function, and control of invasive species.
That said, the Hoh River Basin retains a large number of low-gradient, LWM-filled
side channels, usually found in revegetated abandoned main channel beds, that serve
not only as juvenile salmonid habitat but allow the river at high flow to spread unimpeded
across the full floodplain. These side channel networks often blend with the lowest
reaches of larger tributaries to form highly productive complexes that may reach miles in
length. These side channel complexes are dynamic and temporary but often appear to
remain functional well into the early stages of riparian forest succession (15-30 years).
In addressing the projected and immediate effects of climate change, restoration
actions on the Hoh River will need to consider wider variation in water temperature and
flow levels than were seen in the recent past. However, restoration and management
objectives already consider the wide range of conditions between late summer dry
periods and winter floods so most projects are already incorporating this need in their
designs. Projects must also place an emphasis on access to critical cold-water sources
during late season low flows, better habitat connectivity for both adults and juveniles,
improved shading, added in-channel roughness, and both preservation of and access to
high-quality off-channel refugia.
Identification of high-quality refugia was undertaken locally by Western Rivers
Conservancy, and regionally, by the Nature Conservancy. In 2003 property acquisition
began to secure the long-term protection of high-quality habitat, starting with the
purchase of the Schmidt Bar parcel from Rayonier. The Wild Salmon Center and
Western Rivers Conservancy, in partnership, used private and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Sec. 6) funding for the purchase of an eventual habitat corridor the length of the
Hoh River, outside the ONP. An independent locally based entity, the Hoh River Trust
(HRT), was formed to manage conservation lands as four more major purchases were
made. By 2012, approximately 7000 acres of former industrial timberland had been put
under permanent DNR conservation easement status, allowing active restoration. Long-
term goals include restoration of old growth-dependent listed species, (primarily ald
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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eagle, marbled murrelet, northern spotted owl and Bull Trout) as well as salmonids,
game and non-game wildlife species. By 2017, nearly all planned restoration, including
pre-commercial thinning, thinning to promote old forest structure, road-caused fish
passage problems, game management projects and decommissioning of unneeded or
hazardous forest road sections was completed. In June 2017, the Hoh River Trust
properties were joined into The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Washington coastal forest
lands. The mission of the original HRT lands (Section 6 ESA Habitat Restoration, all
Conservation Easements, etc.) continues under TNC ownership.
2.1.2 Hoh River Watershed Priority Projects:
The following projects from the Hoh River system were ranked by the NPCLE
Technical Committee as high-priority projects for salmonid recovery in 2021. Some of
these projects have been fully or partially funded, but none of them has been fully
implemented on the ground. Each project’s "status" at the time of publication is indicated
at the end of its description.
2.1.2.1 Title of Project: Glacial retreat and sediment flux assessment of the Hoh River.
Location: Hoh River mainstem.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality and sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Water quality and instream assessment of suspended sediments.
sediment in the Hoh Mainstem relative to increased glacial melting.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and steelhead.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.1.2.2 Title of Project: Hoh Watershed Spring Chinook and Steelhead Habitat Restoration
Plan
Location: Hoh Watershed main stem and tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat diversity and composition, floodplain
connectivity, fish passage, channel complexity and stability, water quantity and quality,
sedimentation, temperature, and LWD in the system.
Action to be taken: Develop a framework for addressing ecological limiting factors and
constraints related to river morphology, riparian vegetation (including invasive species),
aquatic habitat, and river stewardship by targeting the two most at-risk species.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: In progress. The Hoh Tribe has received three years of funding (2024-2026) to
complete a Hoh Watershed Habitat Restoration Plan.
2.1.2.3 Title of Project: Hoh Rip Rap Inventory, Impact Assessment, and Restoration Plan
Location: Hoh River main stem.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, main stem bank erosion, flow,
stream temperatures, and sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Inventory and assessment to determine impact and possible mitigation
actions.
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Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding. The Technical Committee updated this project’s scope and
ranking from medium to high in 2023.
2.1.2.4 Title of Project: New Hoh River LiDAR flight and processing.
Location: Hoh River mainstem and tributaries.
Action to be taken: The Hoh River Basin last had LiDAR flown in 2013. A new “Green
LiDAR” flight is needed to measure changes since the last one and for modeling future
climate change influences.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Sediment control and water quality.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: Funded by the Hoh Tribe. Completed summer 2024.
2.1.2.5 Title of Project: Forward-Looking Infrared Thermal Mapping of the Hoh Watershed
Location: Hoh Watershed main stem and tributaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Floodplain connectivity, stream temperature, and
water quality and quantity.
Action to be taken: Thermal infrared (TIR) image data collection of surface water
temperature for the Hoh watershed, analysis of data, and field verification.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Flights completed in summer 2024. Funded by Wild Salmon Center and the Hoh
Tribe.
2.1.2.6 Title of Project: SSHEAR Project Assessment, Design, and Repairs.
Location: Hoh River Basin tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, water temperature and seasonal
low flow.
Action to be taken: Assess and prioritize corrections for 16 SSHEAR sites in the Hoh
Watershed so individual projects can be brought forward. Individual projects will be brought
forward after they are scoped out for repairs. Sites include:
Rayonier Pond
Barlow Pond
Anderson Pond
Pole Creek
Peterson Pond
Dismal Pond
Anderson Cr. Channel
Nolan Pond
Mosely Springs
Lear Springs
Upper Mosely
Hoh Springs
Young Slough
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Lewis Channel
Nolan Channel
Huelsdonk Creek
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] In progress. Assessment of all 54 SSHEAR projects in WRIA 20,
including the 16 in the Hoh, funded by WCRRI. Mosley Springs submitted for funding in fall
2023.
2.1.2.7 Title of Project: SSHEAR Project Invasive Species Assessment and Mitigation.
Location: Hoh River Basin tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, seasonal access, aquatic habitat
quality, quantity and off-channel habitat connectivity.
Action to be taken: Assess, inventory and treat invasive species in SSHEAR sites prior to
construction, evaluate clean fill material sources.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and Bull Trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Funded under WCRRI Pulling Together Initiative (10,000 Years
Institute). In progress.
2.1.2.8 Title of project: Low-tech SSHEAR Site Restoration.
Location: Hoh River Basin tributaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, seasonal access, aquatic habitat
quality.
Action to be taken: Restoration of multiple SSHEAR sites using low-tech, process-based
methods: 1) Remove artificial structures and replace them with woody debris in a way that
mimics naturally occurring formations. 2) Use low cost, low tech, human-powered methods
to address these sites and provide an example of how these techniques could be applied in
other locations.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: In progress. Seeking additional funding, appropriate site assessment underway.
Mosley Springs submitted for funding in fall 2023.
2.1.2.9 Title of project: Hoh River On-going Riparian Assessment and Restoration.
Location: Hoh River mainstem and applicable tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, seasonal access, aquatic habitat
quality, quantity and off-channel habitat connectivity.
Action to be taken: Eliminate or control state listed invasive plants including
knotweed, reed canary grass, herb Robert, Scotch broom, Canada thistle, tansy
ragwort, etc.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: This requires ongoing funding. Funded off and on since 2013. Seeking long-term
funding.
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2.1.2.10 Title of Project: Coldwater Connection Campaign--Hoh Watershed Fish Passage
Projects
Location: Hoh Watershed main stem and tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish barriers, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and water quality and quantity.
Action to be taken: Field assessments, design, and correction of barriers throughout the
Hoh Watershed including:
WDFW ID 160978, Oil City Road MP 0.52, Two Trout Creek, on the Jefferson County Road
Department list as a “high priority”.
WDFW ID 161061 - Oil City Road MP 8.73, Ruby Creek
WDFW ID 161030 - Oil City Road MP 5.961, trib to Hoh River; needs alternatives analysis
WDFW ID 161041 - Oil City Road MP 6.725, unnamed trib to Hoh River; design &
construction.
WDFW ID 162207 – Private Road, Cassel Creek; active and SRFB funded for
implementation.
WDFW ID 161086 - Upper Hoh Road MP 1.240, Tributary to Hell Roaring Creek
WDFW ID 161092 - Upper Hoh Road MP 2.760, Snell Creek
WDFW ID 161110 - Upper Hoh Road MP 4.929, Lindner Creek
WDFW ID 20.0505.0.10 - Upper Hoh Road, East Twin Creek
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Oil City Road MP 0.52 funded for preliminary design by WSC and funded for final
design and implementation by Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP) for implementation
planned in 2024.Seeking funding for the remaining culverts.
2.1.2.11 Title of Project: Hoh Reservation Culvert Correction
Location: Two culverts on the Hoh Reservation.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, riparian health, floodplain
connectivity, channel complexity and stability, water quantity and quality, sedimentation,
and stream temperature.
Action to be taken: Part of Hoh Watershed Barrier Correction. Assessment, design, and
replacement of culverts on Chalaat Creek on Lower Hoh Road. Riparian restoration.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Designs completed. Implementation in progress.
2.1.2.12 Title of project: Upper Hoh River Road Phase 2 (Western Federal Highways).
Location: Approximately from milepost (MP) 4 to MP 6, MP 9.5 to MP 10, MP 12 to 12.5,
plus short distances within ONP.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Flood plain stability, bank erosion, and sediment
control.
Action to be taken: Reduce risk of catastrophic road failure and conduct fish friendly
instream work using dolosse and other anthropogenic structures that mimic nature.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: On-going with designs completed and permits issued.
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2.1.2.13 Title of project: Hoh River Master Plan Phase I: River miles 17 to 31.
Location: Hoh River from South Fork Hoh to Oxbow Canyon.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Consolidation of flow, side-channel protection,
and off-channel habitat access.
Action to be taken: Resiliency plan that supports fish habitat, traditional uses, local
community, and businesses.
Stocks being affected: Hoh Spring and Fall Chinook Salmon, Hoh Fall Coho Salmon,
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: WCRRI funded, sponsored by Jefferson County Public Health.
2.1.2.14 Title of Project: Elk Creek—Peterson Sub-Reach Scale Restoration Project.
Location: Hoh River RM 18-19.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, water quality, channel stability
and complexity, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and LWD in
the system.
Action to be taken: Develop designs and implement restoration projects in the resiliency
corridor in the Willoughby and Elk Creek floodplains between RM 18 and 19, including
ELJs, riparian planting, strategic thinning, and invasive prevention and control.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding. Seeking willing landowners for restoration project implementation.
2.1.2.14a Title of Project: Peterson Floodplain Off-Channel Habitat Reconnection
Location: Hoh River RM 20-20.75.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, water quality, channel stability
and complexity, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and LWD in
the system.
Action to be taken: Part of the Elk Creek—Peterson Sub-Reach Scale Restoration
Project. Reconnect off-channel and spawning habitat through a mature forested floodplain
by restoring flow to a disconnected side channel. Reduce and mitigate flow impacts along
the Upper Hoh Road. Incorporate invasive species prevention and control.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking partners and funding.
2.1.2.15 Title of Project: Hoh River – Lindner Complex Reach
Location: North side of Hoh River, RM 21-23
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Channel instability; protection/enhancement of
off-channel and main stem habitats; disconnected floodplain
Action to be taken: Preliminary (525 acres) and final designs (105 acres) and permitting;
landowner outreach towards implementation of ELJ project; community meetings towards
implementation of resiliency corridor.
Stocks being affected: All species but especially spring Chinook, steelhead, coho and bull
trout
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Status: Seeking funding. Ranked for funding for designs through WCRRI in 2022 pending
legislative approval.
2.1.2.16 Title of Project: Young Slough Off-Channel Habitat & Spruce Canyon Habitat
Protection Project
Location: Upper Hoh Road MP 8.2, Hoh River RM 24-25 at Young Slough
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality and diversity, floodplain
connection, fish passage, water quality and quantity.
Action to be taken: Provide updated assessment of conditions prior to the planned
expansion of rock and concrete dolos to protect an important transportation corridor in the
Upper Hoh watershed, and determine whether a low-tech opening of side channels into the
floodplain and a historic SSHEAR groundwater rearing channel might provide protection for
the road, offer opportunity to restore the riprapped bank to a riparian forested slope, and
expand off channel habitat at the same time.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.1.2.17 Title of Project: Fletcher Ranch—TNC Reach Scale Restoration Project.
Location: Hoh River RM 27.3-28.7.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, water quality, channel stability
and complexity, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and LWD in
the system.
Action to be taken: Use ELJs to protect existing floodplain habitat and create new
floodplain habitat and complexity within the active channel. Riparian planting, strategic
thinning, and invasive prevention and control.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Conceptual design completed in 2021 as part of MHRRP planning process.
Seeking funding.
2.1.2.17a Title of Project: Fletcher/Richmond Off-Channel Habitat and Riparian Forest
Restoration Project
Location: Hoh River RM 29.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian and off-channel habitat quality, water
quality, and sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Under the Fletcher Ranch--TNC Reach Project. Riparian restoration
and planting along deeply eroded pasture bank, restoring and re-connecting an off-channel
habitat complex, removing a perched culvert at the OCH outlet to the river, removing an old
8” iron pipe from an eroded swale in the floodplain, and invasive species prevention and
control. Possible repositioning of large woody debris armoring a mid-channel bar directing
flow at the eroding pasture bank.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Conceptual design completed in 2021 as part of MHRRP planning process.
Riparian planting and invasive treatment at the Fletcher Historic Homestead partially funded
in 2023 through SRFB. Seeking additional funding.
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2.1.2.17b Title of Project: Upper Hoh CMZ and Off-Channel Habitat Acquisition
Location: 147 acres along the upper Hoh River in the Fletcher Ranch—TNC Reach
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian and off-channel habitat quality and
diversity, water quality, and floodplain connectivity.
Action to be taken: Protect, enhance, and conserve high-quality off-channel rearing and
refugia habitats for bull trout, steelhead, chinook, coho, and cutthroat trout, and mature
forest for all ecosystem services. Property is a historic homestead at risk of development
and loss of this high-quality habitat.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.1.2.18 Title of Project: Brandeberry—Lewis Reach Scale Restoration Project.
Location: Hoh River RM 28.7-30.0.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, water quality, channel stability
and complexity, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and LWD in
the system.
Action to be taken: Use ELJs to protect existing floodplain habitat and create new
floodplain habitat and complexity within the active channel. Riparian planting, strategic
thinning, and invasive prevention and control.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Conceptual design completed in 2021 as part of MHRRP planning process.
Seeking funding.
2.1.2.19 Title of Project: Owl Creek Assessment, Designs, and Implementation.
Location: Owl Creek from the confluence of the Hoh River to RM 1.7.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Low amounts of woody material and instream
habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Fluvial and riparian audit with preliminary designs incorporating LWM.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: Ongoing with WCRRI funding. Seeking additional funding.
2.1.2.20 Title of Project: Winfield Creek Restoration Project
Location: Winfield Creek River Mile 0.0-5.0
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Low amounts of woody material and instream
habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Geomorphic & Riparian Assessment; Designs for LWM placement;
Implementation.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, sea-run Cutthroat
Trout, & resident trout.
Status: Seeking funding. Ranked for funding for designs through WCRRI in 2022 pending
legislative approval.
2.1.2.21 Title of Project: Elk Creek Restoration Project
Location: Elk Creek River Mile 0.0-4.0
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Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Low amounts of woody material and instream
habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Geomorphic & Riparian Assessment; Designs for LWM placement;
Implementation.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, sea-run Cutthroat
Trout, & resident trout.
Status: Seeking funding. Ranked for funding for designs through WCRRI in 2022 pending
legislative approval.
2.1.2.22 Title of Project: Willoughby Creek Assessment, Designs, and Implementation.
Location: Willoughby Creek: RM 0.0 to 2.8.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Low amounts of woody material and instream
habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Fluvial and riparian audit with preliminary designs incorporating LWM.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.1.2.23 Title of Project: Hoh Upland Restoration and Tributary Assessment
Location: 47.591 N, 124.290 W
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian and upland habitat quality and diversity,
fish passage.
Action to be taken: Restoring uplands in the Hoh through pre-commercial thinning of 122
acres of riparian adjacent young stands, removing 6 live water failing fish culverts,
decommissioning 2.1 miles of RMZ adjacent road, invasive species road treatments, and
rapid aquatic assessment of 3 fish bearing tributaries to the Hoh (Nolan, Braden, Anderson)
on TNC lands.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Bull Trout, Rainbow
Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
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2.2 Quillayute River Complex
Figure 2. Relief Map of the Quillayute River Basin.
2.2.1 Quillayute Basin Background:
The Quillayute River is the terminal mainstem of one of the largest and most
productive river system networks on the Washington Pacific coast. Four major rivers
combine to form the Quillayute system. The Bogachiel, Calawah, Sol Duc and Dickey
Rivers drain the Northwest Olympic Peninsula westerly to the Pacific Ocean. The
headwaters of the Sol Duc, Calawah and Bogachiel originate in Olympic National Park
(ONP) from the Olympic Mountains to highlands with relatively steep terrain that
becomes more gradual some 15 miles from the Pacific. Accordingly, accumulated snow
in the higher elevations and the melt from it play an important role in seasonal flow for
these three rivers. The Dickey River originates in lower elevations west of the Olympics
and enters the Quillayute a mile from its mouth. This river system has significant
wetlands and is largely a low-velocity, low-gradient system. All of the rivers have
extensive tributary systems with forestry activities common outside Olympic National
Park boundaries.
The Quillayute River has a very short mainstem. At river mile 6.0 the Bogachiel and
Sol Duc River Systems combine to form the Quillayute. As noted above, the Dickey
River enters the Quillayute one mile from the Pacific and shares a common but limited
estuary. The Calawah River joins the Bogachiel at river mile 8.5 near Forks,
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Washington, 20 miles from the mouth of the Quillayute River at La Push. The Quillayute
River System alone drains over 825 square miles, or over 800,000 acres.
Olympic National Park owns the largest percentage of the coastal lands and the
very highest reaches of the Olympic Mountains. This includes the headwaters of the
upper Sol Duc, Calawah, Sitkum and Bogachiel Rivers. The U.S. Forest Service (USFS)
manages the lands downstream of the Park (middle altitudes). Private timber and state
forest lands are downstream from the USFS holdings. Rayonier is the largest private
timber landowner in the watershed. The City of Forks is the only incorporated city, but
there are two small towns of Beaver and Sappho in the Sol Duc watershed. At the mouth
of the Quillayute River lies the Quileute Tribe’s reservation.
Between 1995 and 1999, after the Northwest Forest Plan and before the
Washington State Forest Practices Act, portions of the Quillayute were the subject of
multiple government watershed analyses, the purpose of which was to analyze risk to
the salmonid habitat through a variety of very structured ecosystem module studies, with
teams led by peer scientists. The U.S. Forest Service (“USFS”) led these for the Sol Duc
River, the North Fork of the Calawah, and the Sitkum/South Fork of the Calawah. The
Sitkum joins the South Fork at river mile 16.2. Federal Modules included Hydrology,
Public works, Sedimentation (e.g., road erosion), Channel Morphology/Condition
Assessment, Fish, Vegetation, Riparian (LWD, bank stability, temperature/shade),
Wildlife, Causal Mechanism (identifying need for certain management responses). In
the late 1990s Rayonier with state agencies and the Quileute Tribe conducted a
watershed analysis of the East and West Forks of the Dickey River. The Washington
Forest Practice Board Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis had
fewer modules (e.g., not Wildlife or Vegetation) but otherwise was quite similar to the
federal methods. That study included a new state water quality module. Changes in
state law ended the Dickey process before a final report, but the modules were
separately completed. The watershed analyses conducted by the USFS are available to
the public, either electronically or at public libraries. The other analyses are not publicly
published, but are housed within DNR, Rayonier, and the Quileute Tribe and are
obtainable. USFS has additional specific data (e.g., stream temperature) that can also
be obtained upon request.
In 2000 the Washington Conservation Commission completed the report “Salmon
and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors in the North Washington Rivers of WRIA 20”
(Smith, 2000, http://docs.streamnetlibrary.org/Washington/ConservationCommission/Statewide_LFA_Final_Report_2005.pdf.). This report
included a list of salmon restoration projects for the Quillayute Basin and was
significantly influenced by the findings in the preliminary watershed analyses, and input
from a team of local biologists. The pdf document referenced above does not have the
GPS map work undertaken for the LFA Final Report, but this information is housed with
the Quileute Tribe and the Coast Salmon Partnership.
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In 2000-2003 the Quileute Tribe assessed fish habitat in the Bogachiel
(unpublished), using DNR protocol. The Bogachiel mainstem was completed in 2000,
lower tributaries in 2001, middle tributaries in 2002, and upper tributaries to the Park
boundary in 2002. Olympic National Park has assessed fish habitat for the Bogachiel
watershed above the Park boundary.
In 2004 the Quileute Tribe assessed fish habitat in Coal Creek of the Dickey
(unpublished) using a DNR protocol. Also in 2004 USFS completed a draft of aquatic
and wildlife habitat conditions in the Pacific Region (for their lands only). They also
finished a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) on invasive weeds. Since the
summer of 2003 the Quileute Tribe, funded by federal grants and in cooperation with
Clallam County Noxious Weed Control Board and Olympic National Park, has been
eradicating knotweed in the Quillayute Basin. The Dickey, Sol Duc, Calawah, and mouth
of the Quillayute have been treated (but are regularly monitored and retreated as may
be needed). The Quileute Tribe began working on the Bogachiel mainstem in 2008 and
has worked with 10,000 Years Institute to continue treatments. As with the other
watersheds, knotweed takes several seasons to eradicate and upstream re-introduction
requires new vigilance for downstream occurrences; hence, retreatment.
In 2005 the U.S. DOI Bureau of Reclamation completed a draft assessment of
watershed conditions and seasonal variability for all of WRIA 20 (Lieb and Perry,
2005).Additionally, DNR maintains comprehensive “Road Maintenance and
Abandonment Plans” (RMAP) for their holdings, often in cooperation with timber
company holdings. This is a valuable tool for culvert assessment and road management
activities. DNR approves and warehouses all RMAPs for those landowners large and
small who are required to develop RMAPs. Rayonier also maintains a comprehensive
“Road Maintenance and Abandonment Plans” (RMAP) program for their holdings.
These plans include all roads and culverts subdivided into categories such as Fish
Passage—including Fish Barriers, Mass Wasting Activities, Mass Wasting Pipes, and
Surface Erosion.
In 2020, the Quileute Tribe completed a Quillayute Geomorphic Assessment River
and Action Plan with consultant, Tetra Tech, (https://quileutenation.org/natural-
resources/salmon-restoration/) that has led to future restoration efforts for the entire 6.0 RM
mainstem.
2.2.1.1 Climate Change Forecasts for Restoration
In the spring of 2016, the Quileute Tribe received the final report of a BIA-funded
grant to the Quinault Indian Nation (QIN): “Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for
the Treaty of Olympia Tribes”, prepared by the Oregon Climate Change Research
Institute of Oregon State University (contractor) on behalf of the three tribes in that treaty
(QIN, Hoh, and Quileute). It is clear from the chapters, presentations and publications
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coming out of regional climate forums that predictions can only be made in generalities,
for example, when significant stream temperature changes will happen (decadally), how
much sea level will rise (within a century), or to what degree winter higher flows and
summer lower flows will occur, and exactly when these will become truly significant.
However, it is clear is that change is coming and remedial action to remediate potential
harm must begin immediately. One document especially instructive with respect to
salmon habitat is “Restoring Salmon Habitat for a Changing Climate”, by T. Beechie et
al., published as part of River Research and Applications, in 2012. (John Wiley and
Sons).
The authors sum it up well in the introduction of Beechie et al, 2012: “climate
change is not straightforward, as predicted change effects vary widely throughout the
Pacific salmon range. … In evaluating the potential effects of climate change on
individual restoration projects, it is first necessary to know which species and life stage
the restoration action targets.”
It is important to consider what streamflow impact will be on winter rearing habitats.
It is also important (see Summary) to evaluate if the restoration action will actually
ameliorate climate change effects and improve ecosystem resilience. The last in
particular will aid salmon survival during change. One type of restoration that seems to
work for multiple serious changes—lower low flows, higher peak flows, and improvement
in salmon resilience—is beaver dams. It is recommended to determine where certain
reaches can be improved by beaver dams. As always, more channel diversity through
more Large Woody Material (LWM) and better stream temperature through riparian
shading, are valuable improvements.
A 2012 publication, National Fish, Wildlife and Plants Climate Adaption Partnership,
by Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Council for Environmental Quality (“CEQ”),
Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Fish Commission, NOAA, and USFWS (see
https://www.wildlifeadaptationstrategy.gov/ ), speaking directly on salmon, suggests (and we
support) at p. 57:
• Limit water withdrawal, especially during high temperature and low flows;
• Protect undercut banks and deep pools where water temperature is lower;
• Restore riparian vegetation (we addressed this above);
• Release cold water from large storage reservoirs in summer; and
• Remove fish passage barriers.
2.2.2 Quillayute Basin Prioritized Projects:
Prioritized projects for the Quillayute Basin in 2023 are primarily projects still
needing funding that are projects identified as part of the U.S. Forest Service Calawah
Focus Watershed Assessment undertaken in 2010 and Quileute Tribe’s Quillayute
Geomorphic Assessment. Some of these projects have been fully or partially funded but
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none of them has been fully implemented on the ground. Each projects "status" at the
time of publication is indicated at the end of its description.
2.2.2.0 Quillayute Basin-Wide Priority Projects:
2.2.2.0.1 Title of Project: Quillayute Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment, Prioritization,
and Mitigation.
Location: Quillayute Basin tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Projects are currently being assessed. Individual projects will be
brought forward after they are scoped out for repairs.
Assess, inventory, and treat invasive species in SSHEAR sites prior to construction,
evaluate clean fill material sources.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Ongoing. Seeking additional funding. Initial assessment completed by
PCSC. Invasive species treatments were conducted by 10KYI with funding from WCRRI.
Treatments will continue on at least annual basis.
2.2.2.0.2 Title of Project: Low-Tech SSHEAR Site Restoration
Location: Quillayute Basin at multiple sites
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Restoration of multiple SSHEAR sites using low-tech, process-based
methods. 1) Remove artificial structures and replace them with woody debris in a way
mimics naturally occurring formations. 2) Use low cost, low tech, human-powered methods
to address these sites and provide an example of how these techniques could be applied in
other locations.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Seeking additional funding, appropriate site assessment underway.
Cascade Marsh and Big Beaver SSHEAR Sites were funded in 2021 for Low-Tech
restoration with implementation completed in summer 2023
2.2.2.0.3 Title of Project: Quillayute Basin Invasive plant inventory, prioritization, treatment,
and control strategy.
Location: Quillayute River Mainstem and Basin tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and riparian habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of multiple species
prevention and control.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: Site specific pilot study underway, seeking additional funding.
2.2.2.0.4 Title of Project: Quillayute Basin Restoration through Riparian Planting and
Invasive Species Management
Location: Quillayute River Mainstem and Basin tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian habitat quality – lack of shade, bank
erosion, degraded water quality, Invasive plants
Action to be taken: Riparian planting
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Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: Seeking additional funding. Funded at Reach 3 and Quileute Tribe’s Hermison
Property through CREP along the Quillayute Riverbank. Basin restoration funded 2025 -
2029 through Clallam CD SRFB Quillayute River Watershed Riparian Restoration
2.2.2.1 Quillayute River Main Stem Priority Projects:
2.2.2.1.1 Title of Project: Quillayute River Temperature Research.
Location: Surface water temperature monitoring entire 6 miles of Quillayute River and
Effectiveness monitoring of Hyporheic Flow on Lower Quillayute Restoration Project
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water Quality (groundwater and surface water
temperature), Effectiveness Monitoring and river erosion.
Action to be taken: Task 1) Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed temperature and
conductivity; Task 2) Continuous temperature and stage monitoring at discrete locations;
Task 3) Estimate of hyporheic exchange near proposed restoration site.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon,
steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking additional funding for Oxbow and post-restoration monitoring for Reach 3.
Funded for 2021-2023 by Quileute Tribe, EPA, USGS and WSC.
2.2.2.1.2 Title of project: Quillayute River Restoration & Large Woody Material (LWM)
Enhancement
Location: Entire length of the Quillayute River.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality, complexity, and refuge.
Inadequate density of instream LWM to maintain natural habitat processes, due to
upstream logging practices. The main issue is that the river has lost the natural meander
and created a shallow, high-velocity channel that creates warm river conditions and lacks
habitat complexity for salmonids
Action to be taken: Quillayute River restoration of processes by enhancing the river
channel with engineered designs. Install LWM structures, including engineered logjams, to
achieve a >80 pieces/mile of wood that are greater than 12” DBH and more than 35’ length.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Seeking funding for designs and construction. To be accomplished reach-by-reach
with information broken out by reach below.
2.2.2.1.2a Title of project: Quillayute River Reach 2/Mora Road Restoration
Location: Quillayute River Reach 2 (RM 0.8-1.8)
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality; fish passage. Mora Road (ONP)
is regularly subjected to erosional forces from the Quillayute River. Current rip rap to
prevent erosion is not fish-friendly. Culverts along Mora Road block access to off-channel
habitat.
Action to be taken: Install in-stream wood structures to attenuate high-flow forces.
Replace riprap with fish-friendly log revetments. Replace culverts on Mora Road.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
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Status: Preliminary designs for Mora Road (eastern site) complete. Seeking funding
through FLTP from Olympic National Park for implementation. Seeking additional funding.
2.2.2.1.2b Title of project: Quillayute River Reach 3/Thunder Field Restoration
Location: Quillayute River Reach 3 (RM 1.8-3.7)
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat quality; Erosion. High flows rapidly
eroding land at culturally significant Thunder Field. Lack of habitat complexity due to
inadequate instream LWM.
Action to be taken: Install fish-friendly log revetment to protect Thunder Field from further
erosion. Install engineered log jams and other wood structures to deflect high flows,
reactivate historic floodplain, improve tribal fishing access, and increase habitat complexity.
Invasive plant management
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Implementation of engineering designs completed in 2022; revegetation and
invasive plant treatment completed summer 2023.
2.2.2.1.2c Title of project: Quillayute River Historic Oxbow Reactivation
Location: Quillayute River Historic Oxbow between RM 3.7-4.6
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat complexity, floodplain connection,
downstream erosion.
Action to be taken: Reactivate historic oxbow off Quillayute River to attenuate high flows
and reconnect off-channel floodplain habitat. Install LWM structures to increase channel
and habitat complexity. Research on existing temperature, macroinvertebrates, and fish use
on historical oxbow. Invasive plant management. Road improvement and/or
decommissioning.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Designs for 30% are complete for the Historic Oxbow project. Currently finishing
60% designs. Construction anticipated Dec 2026. Received funding from Floodplains by
Design in 2023-2025 grant round.
2.2.2.1.2d Title of project: Quillayute River Reaches 4 through 6 Restoration
Location: Quillayute River Reach 4 through 6 (RM 3.7-4.6; 4.6-5.6; 5.6-6.0)
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Development encroachment; bank erosion;
habitat Complexity; floodplain disconnection; riparian conditions.
Action to be taken: Install instream LWD to improve habitat complexity and decrease bank
erosion. Replace existing riprap with fish-friendly alternatives for erosion control. Invasive
plant management.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Seeking funding for designs and construction. Received funding for designs
through WCRRI in 2022.
2.2.2.1.2e Title of project: Hermison Creek Restoration.
Location: Hermison property and Steep Hill Road
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Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, Habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Restore Hermison Creek to Stage 0 conditions in which the creek can fully
use its floodplain and more closely resemble the forested wetlands upstream and downstream.
Replace two undersized culverts. Invasive plant treatment and riparian planting.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Preliminary designs for the Steep Hill culvert complete. . The Steep Hill culvert
replacement is scheduled for summer 2025. The Hermison culvert was replaced with a pre-
cast concrete bridge in fall 2024, with wetland restoration funded for implementation in the
2024 SRFB Grant Round. Final designs in progress.
2.2.2.1.3 Title of project: Upper James Pond Restoration.
Location: James Pond at DNR Road D-3400, 47.923914, -124.598282
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, Habitat quality and diversity,
Sedimentation, Water quality and quantity, Temperature.
Action to be taken: Restore Hermison Creek to Stage 0 conditions in which the creek can
fully use its floodplain and more closely resemble the forested wetlands upstream and
downstream. Replace two undersized culverts. Invasive plant treatment and riparian
planting.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: WA DNR has committed to breaching the D-3400 road using internal staffing and
equipment. Seeking additional funding to implement the restoration.
2.2.2.2 Dickey River Watershed Priority Projects:
2.2.2.2.1 Title of project: Lower Dickey River Restoration
Location: Dickey River: RM 0.0 to 1.0.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Instream/riparian habitat complexity and
reconnecting off-channel habitat.
Action to be taken: Install instream LWM structures to increase habitat complexity and
restore more natural riverine processes. Reconnect wetlands isolated by the current
alignment of Mora Road and Mora Road Bridge (ONP).
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.2.2 Title of project: Dickey Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment, Prioritization, &
Mitigation
Location: Dickey River tributaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the Dickey Basin
so individual projects can be brought forward. Individual projects broken out below. Sites
include:
W.F. Dickey
Colby Springs
Elkhorn Pond
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W.F. March Ck.
Soot Cr. Springs
T-Bone Springs
Cascade Springs
Big Beaver Springs
Labrador Creek
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Assessments and preliminary conceptual designs being developed on a
site-by-site basis. Seeking additional funding, initial assessment completed by PCSC.
2.2.2.2.2a Title of project: T-Bone SSHEAR Project Restoration
Location: Dickey River: 47.95978 N. / -124.55368 W.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality.
Action to be taken: SSHEAR project rehabilitation restoring fish ways.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Funded in SRFB 2019 round PCSC sponsor. Implementation completed
in 2024. Planting will continue into 2025..
2.2.2.2.2b Title of project: Elk Horn Project Restoration
Location: Dickey River: 47.95092 N / -124.57089.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality.
Action to be taken: SSHEAR project rehabilitation restoring fish ways.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Funded in SRFB 2019 round, PCSC sponsor. Implementation
completed in 2024. Planting will continue into 2025.
2.2.2.2.2c Title of project: Soot Creek SSHEAR Repair
Location: Dickey River. 48.042685° N / -124.432098°W
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Impassable SSHEAR project weir that will be removed
and replaced with natural features
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Seeking funding.
2.2.2.2.2d Title of project: Cascade Marsh and Big Beaver Low-tech SSHEAR Site
Restoration.
Location: Dickey River.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Restoration of the Cascade Marsh and Big Beaver SSHEAR sites
using low-tech, process-based methods: 1) Remove artificial structures and replace them
with woody debris in a way that mimics naturally occurring formations. 2) Use low cost, low
tech, human-powered methods to address these sites and provide an example of how
these techniques could be applied in other locations.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Broken out from larger low tech SSHEAR Site Restoration (2.2.2.0.2).
Completed in summer 2023.
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2.2.2.2.3 Title of Project: Dickey River Basin Hydraulic Modeling & Geomorphic
Assessment.
Location: Dickey River RM 0 to headwaters.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, groundwater recharge capacity,
stream temperatures, sedimentation, road network, LWD in the system.
Action to be taken: Determine current geomorphic conditions and appropriate restoration
actions of mainstem and tributaries of the Dickey River from the confluence with the
Quillayute River to headwaters.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.2.4 Title of Project: Coldwater Connection Campaign—Dickey River Fish Passage
Projects
Location: Tributaries to the Dickey River
Fish barriers, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and water quality
and quantity.
Action to be taken: Field assessments, design, and correction of barriers throughout the
Dickey Basin including fish barriers on:
Mina Smith Road (WDFW IDs 20800253, 20800249, and 20800261) at MP 1.01,
1.547, and 2.154,
Thunder Creek (WDFW IDs 132051417i and adjacent culvert, and 132051417h),
and
EF Dickey River (WDFW IDs 132182603K, 132121862B, 132121862H,
132121862G, and an unnamed tributary that flows into a ditch before flowing into
132121862G).
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.3 Bogachiel River Watershed Priority Projects:
2.2.2.3.1 Title of Project: Bogachiel River Geomorphic Assessment.
Location: Bogachiel River RM 0 to 22.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian and floodplain stability.
Action to be taken: Determine current geomorphic conditions and appropriate restoration
actions of mainstem Bogachiel River from the confluence with the Sol Duc to the Olympic
National Park boundary (RM 0-22).
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Final draft completed in fall 2024.
2.2.2.3.2 Title of Project: Bogachiel Cold Water Assessment.
Location: Entire length of the Bogachiel River into ONP.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality.
Action to be taken: Identify cold water refuges through hydrologic modeling and intensive
water quality monitoring.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout,
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Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.3.3 Title of project: Lower Bogachiel Restoration.
Location: River Mile 0.0 – 7.0, especially area of SR 110 (La Push Road) bridge crossing.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Bank erosion, sedimentation, riparian habitat,
floodplain reconnection.
Action to be taken: Floodplain forest and other habitat features will be restored through a
series of actions including working with willing landowners to establish riparian planting,
removing structures and infrastructure, and reestablishing larger landscape features such
as side channels and/or log jams.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon,
steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Funding exists for invasive plant management through 10KYI and WCRRI. Seeking
additional funding for each phase. Seeking funding from WCRRI for 60% designs for PA-3.
Seeking additional funding to develop a planning study..
2.2.2.3.4 Title of Project: Bogachiel Invasive Species, Assessment and Control.
Location: Bogachiel River and tributaries from the confluence with the Sol Duc to the
Olympic National Park boundary (RM 0 to 22).
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and riparian habitat.
Action to be taken: Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of multiple species
prevention and control, including partnership with other projects.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: On-going, seeking long-term funding.
2.2.2.3.5 Title of Project: Coldwater Connection Campaign-- Bogachiel River Fish Passage
Projects
Location: Tributaries to the Bogachiel River
Fish barriers, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and water quality
and quantity.
Action to be taken: Field assessments, design, and correction of barriers throughout the
Bogachiel Basin including:
WDFW ID 930813, Private road, Dowans Creek
WDFW ID 20800333 and 341, Undi Road MP 1.343 and 1.601, Tributary to Bear Creek
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.3.6 Title of project: Kitchel Bank Stabilization.
Location: River Mile 0.7 - area of SR 110 (La Push Road) bridge crossing.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: The Kitchel property has been affected by high
flow events in the Bogachiel River. Efforts to protect the bank have resulted in reduced
habitat function through hardening of the bank. Impacts include sedimentation, lack of
shade, and cover.
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Action to be taken: Floodplain forest landowners are willing sellers. The property will be
purchased, structures and infrastructure removed, invasive species removed, and riparian
vegetation reestablished.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon,
steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: On hold for completion of Bogachiel Geomorphic Assessment’s completion
Seeking funding.
2.2.2.3.7 Title of project: Bogachiel Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment, Prioritization, &
Mitigation
Location: Bogachiel River
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality
Action to be taken: Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the Bogachiel
Basin so individual projects can be brought forward. Sites include:
Wilson Springs
Tall Timber
Smith Road Pond
Dahlgren Springs
Morganroth Springs
Bogey Pond
Falcon Walrus
Laforrest Pond
Rayonier Channel
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Assessments and preliminary conceptual designs being developed on a
site-by-site basis. Seeking additional funding, initial assessment completed by PCSC.
2.2.2.3.7a Title of project: Tall Timbers Fish Passage. [SSHEAR]
Location: Bogachiel River: 47.93264 N / -124.45252 W.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality
Action to be taken: SSHEAR project rehabilitation restoring fish ways.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead and resident trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Funded in 2019 SRFB round, in process. Implementation completed in
2024. Planting to continue in 2025.
2.2.2.3.7b Title of project: Morganroth Pond Fish Passage Restoration [SSHEAR]
Location: Bogachiel River: 47.881665° -124.269865°
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, flood plain connectivity and
habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Restore natural processes at SSHEAR site.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout..
Status: [SSHEAR] Implementation funded in 2022 SRFB round, in process. Awaiting
permitting. Implementation anticipated summer of 2025.
2.2.2.3.8 Title of project: Ballard Road/Old La Push Road Old Side Channel Restoration
Location: River mile 1.0
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Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: The property is located on the outside bend of a
side channel that has in the past experienced overbank flooding and erosion. Bank
hardening and invasive species have affected riparian habitat resulting in sedimentation
and loss of cover.
Action to be taken: Floodplain forest and other habitat features will be restored. Land
acquisition, bank hardening and infrastructure removed, invasive species removed, and
riparian vegetation re-established.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and steelhead.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.4 Calawah River Watershed Priority Projects:
2.2.2.4.1 Title of Project: Quantifying suspended-sediment yield and transport
characteristics in the Calawah and Upper Bogachiel Rivers, Washington.
Location: Surface water temperature monitoring entire 6 miles of Quillayute River and
Effectiveness monitoring of Hyporheic Flow on Lower Quillayute Restoration Project.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality (suspended-sediment), water
quantity (discharge and stage), erosion and mass wasting.
Action to be taken: Task 1) Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed temperature and
conductivity; Task 2) Continuous temperature and stage monitoring at discrete locations;
Task 3) Estimate of hyporheic exchange near proposed restoration site.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon,
steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Funded for 2019-2021 by Quileute Tribe, EPA, and USGS. Research publication
completed in early 2023.
2.2.2.4.2 Title of Project: Calawah Invasive Species Assessment and Control.
Location: Calawah River and tributaries from confluence to the Olympic National Park
boundary
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and riparian habitat.
Action to be taken: Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of multiple species
prevention and control, including partnership with other projects.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: On-going, seeking long-term funding.
2.2.2.4.3 Title of project: Calawah Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment, Prioritization, &
Mitigation
Location: Calawah River and tributaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality
Action to be taken: Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the Calawah
Basin so individual projects can be brought forward. Sites include:
Calawah Springs
Rootstock Springs (I)
Rootstock Springs (II)
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead and resident trout.
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Status: [SSHEAR] Assessments and preliminary conceptual designs being developed on a
site-by-site basis. Seeking additional funding, initial assessment completed by PCSC.
2.2.2.4.4 Title of project: Calawah Restoration Assessment, Design, and Implementation.
Location: Calawah main stem and tributaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, flood plain connectivity, habitat
complexity, sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Assessment to determine priority areas for restoration, designs, and
implementation.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Fall Chinook Salmon, and winter steelhead,
resident and anadromous Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.4.5 Title of project: South Fork Calawah Assessment, Design, and Implementation.
Location: South Fork Calawah from Hyas Creek to Klahanie Campground.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, flood plain connectivity, habitat
complexity, sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Geomorphic assessment and feasibility study to identify potential
restoration actions.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Fall Chinook Salmon, summer and winter
steelhead, river run Sockeye Salmon, and anadromous and resident Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Preliminary designs completed in 2021. Funded and active. SF Calawah Klahanie
Campground community outreach project completed in 2023; ONF Klahanie Campground
NEPA begins 2024. Seeking additional funding.
2.2.2.4.6 Title of project: Sitkum 2900-072, 075, 078 Road Decommissioning.
Location: In the Sitkum drainage of the South Fork Calawah River Basin, T28N, R12W,
Sec 11 and 12. USFS landowner.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Deteriorating culverts and highly unstable
landform. Mass wasting that has direct impact on anadromous fishes.
Action to be taken: Forest Service has ongoing HPA through MOU with state. Remove
culverts and unstable side cast material, restore natural hillslope drainage, decommission
road segment in accordance with USFS guidelines and policies. NEPA analysis was
completed in 2015.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon, summer
and winter steelhead, river run Sockeye Salmon, and anadromous and resident Cutthroat
Trout.
Status: Active (WCRRI approved). Funded but delayed due to storm damage in Nov 2021.
2900-072 completed in 2023.
2.2.2.4.7 Title of Project: FS 2900 Road - Culvert replacements: “B”
Location: Sitkum River FS 2900 at MP 16.1.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Sediment control.
Action to be taken: Replace deteriorating culvert at MP 16.1.
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Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon, summer
and winter steelhead, river run Sockeye Salmon, and anadromous and resident Cutthroat
Trout
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.4.8 Title of Project: FS 2900 Road - Culvert replacements: “C.”
Location: Sitkum River FS 2900 at MP 9.9, 10.6, and 11.5.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Sediment control.
Action to be taken: Replace 3 deteriorating culverts at FS 2900 at MP 9.9, 10.6, and 11.5.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon, summer
and winter steelhead, river run Sockeye Salmon, and anadromous and resident Cutthroat
Trout.
Status: Seeking implementation funding.
2.2.2.4.9 Title of project: FS 2900-030 Road Decommissioning.
Location: FS 2900-030 road, in the Hyas Creek drainage, South Fork Calawah River sub
watershed.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Deteriorating, failing culverts at stream
crossings, side cast constructed roads and a lack of road maintenance has resulted in
numerous failures at stream crossings with direct impacts to anadromous fish in the Hyas
Creek drainage.
Action to be taken: Remove culverts, pullback and/or out slope areas of unstable soils;
restore natural drainage and decommission road segment in accordance with USFS
guidelines.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Fall Chinook Salmon, summer and winter
steelhead, river run Sockeye Salmon, and anadromous and resident Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Need landowner (Rayonier) permission for road segment on their ownership.
Seeking funding. NEPA completed for USFS segment from MP 1.9-3.6.
2.2.2.5 Sol Duc River Watershed Priority Projects:
2.2.2.5.1 Title of Project: Sol Duc Invasive Species Assessment and Control.
Location: Sol Duc River and tributaries, RM 0.0 to 30.0.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and riparian habitat.
Action to be taken: Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of multiple species
prevention and control, including partnership with other projects.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: On-going, partially funded through WCRRI and EPA, seeking additional long-term
funding.
2.2.2.5.2 Title of project: Lower Sol Duc River Restoration.
Location: Sol Duc River (RM 0.0-7.5).
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat complexity; off-channel habitat
connection; erosion.
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Action to be taken: In lower 0.5 miles, reoccupy side channels, install LWD structures, and
complete bank laybacks. Redesign the Mora Road bridge at confluence of Sol Duc and
Bogachiel Rivers to prevent erosive forces in river channel. Install instream LWD and
reconnect side channels at RM 1.75 and RM 2.5 to increase off-channel habitat availability
and improve habitat complexity.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon,
Chum Salmon, and resident trout.
Status: Seeking funding for designs and construction.
2.2.2.5.3 Title of project: Lake Creek Assessment & Restoration.
Location: Lake Creek to Sol Duc, including Lake Pleasant.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Seasonal low flows that impede fish passage to
the lake, degrading groundwater recharge in Lower Lake Creek, lack of LWM, lack of
riparian habitat, and encroaching invasive non-native plants.
Action to be taken: Assessment, riparian restoration and planting, LWD placement.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, winter steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.5.4 Title of Project: Quandary Creek Fish Barrier Correction and Restoration Plan.
Location: Sol Duc River tributary, Quandary Cr. at E. Lake Pleasant Road MP 0.737.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Address fish passage barriers and improve habitat quality in Quandary
Creek. This site is a county road fish passage barrier on East Lake Pleasant Road.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Preliminary designs funded. Seeking additional funding.
2.2.2.5.5 Title of project: Bear Creek LWM and Riparian Treatments.
Location: Sol Duc tributary Bear Creek to RM 0 to 4.0 (USFS).
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Sediment quality, channel stability, instream
LWM, and water quality,
Action to be taken: LWM assessment and placement on Sol Duc tributary Bear Creek to
RM 0 to 4 (USFS).
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Winter steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.5.6 Title of project: Sol Duc Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment, Prioritization, &
Mitigation
Location: Sol Duc River and tributaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage, cold water, low water
Action to be taken: Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the Sol Duc
Basin so individual projects can be brought forward. Sites include:
Tassel Springs
Powell Springs
Tyee Pond
Eagle Creek Springs
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Thomas Springs
Prairie Fall Creek
M & R Springs
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Winter steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Assessments and preliminary conceptual designs being developed on a
site-by-site basis. Seeking additional funding, initial assessment completed by PCSC.
2.2.2.5.6a Title of project: Eagle Springs riparian restoration [SSHEAR]
Location: Sol Duc River: 48.04205 N / -124.54845 W
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian integrity.
Action to be taken: Large wood and spawning gravel placement, invasive treatment.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Winter steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: [SSHEAR] Funded by SRFB. Spawning gravel placement was completed in 2018.
LWD and riparian planting was completed in 2021. Invasive treatment funded by WCRRI,
seeking ongoing long-term invasive treatment funding.
2.2.2.5.7 Title of Project: Sol Duc Tributaries Assessment, Design, and Implementation.
Location: Bockman and Shuwah tributaries of the Sol Duc River.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Habitat complexity, incision, sedimentation, stream
temperature.
Actions to be taken: Habitat assessment, identification of restoration opportunities,
designs, and implementation.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Fall Chinook Salmon, Winter steelhead, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Bockman Creek funded by WCRRI in 2021 (Shuwah Creek still seeking funding).
2.2.2.5.8 Title of Project: Coldwater Connection Campaign—Sol Duc River Fish Passage
Projects
Location: Tributaries to the Dickey River
Fish barriers, stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and water quality
and quantity.
Action to be taken: Field assessments, design, and correction of barriers throughout the
Sol Duc Basin including: fish barriers on USFS Land (USFS Culverts: USFS-30 Road
WDFW IDs S-329R-10, S-329R-12, BPA ROW: 932971, South Whites Creek WDFW ID S-
329L-01; and 2922000 Road - Bonidu Creek FS ID 2020121), Private Barrier – Trib to
Maxfield Creek (WDFW ID 609426), and Clallam County culverts on West Lake Pleasant
Road (WDFW IDs S-313R-20 and 20800087).
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.2.2.5.8a Title of Project: Anton and Cedar Creek Fish Passage Barrier Corrections
Location: Off Bear Creek, Sol Duc River along Bear Creek Road MP 1.740, 1.785
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage.
Action to be taken: Address fish passage barriers in the Anton Creek drainage (two
County road barriers on Bear Creek Road at Mile Post 1.740, and 1.785 and one private
road crossing upstream).
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Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Fall Chinook Salmon, Winter steelhead, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Final design funded by SRFB. Implementation funded by SRFB in 2023.
2.2.2.5.8b Title of project: Wisen Creek Fish Passage Projects
Location: Two partial barriers on Wisen Creek Road (48.06339, -124.16134 & 48.06464, -
124.16107); one partial barrier on Swede Road (48.06379, -124.16174); and two partial
barriers on private property in upper Wisen Creek (48.06497, -124.14923 & 48.06530, -
124.14604)
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage.
Action to be taken: Replace five culverts on Sol Duc tributary Wisen Creek (20.0336).
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Winter steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Phase 1 final designs completed June 2022 for lower three county roads culverts;
county road project sites completed in September 2023. Two Upper Wisen sites in phase 1
final design; seeking funding for implementation.
2.2.2.5.8c Title of project: Swanson Creek Fish Passage Project
Location: Six culverts on Swanson Creek and its tributaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage.
Action to be taken: Restore adequate fish passage to the following culverts on the T-1000
& T-1010 private roads:
Unnamed tributary: Private driveway, 33% passable, WDFW # 999475; T-
1010ROW, 33% passable, WDFW #999476; combined .72 miles upstream
habitat,
Swanson Creek (channel b): T-1010, unknown passability, WDFW #999474;
T-1000 mainline, 33% passable, WDFW #999480; combined 0.8 miles upstream
habitat, and
Swanson Creek (channel c): T-1010, unknown passability, WDFW #999477;
T-1000 mainline, 67% passable, RMAP #2610100; combined 0.55 miles
upstream habitat.
Stocks being affected: Fall Coho Salmon, Winter steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding for design and construction. 10KYI working on RCG plan.
2.2.2.5.9 Title of Project: Sol Duc River Basin Geomorphic Assessment.
Location: Sol Duc River RM 0 to NPS.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian health, groundwater recharge capacity,
stream temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and LWD in the system.
Action to be taken: Determine current geomorphic conditions and appropriate restoration
actions of mainstem and tributaries of the Sol Duc River from the confluence with the
Quillayute River to NPS land.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding. Seeking willing landowners for restoration project implementation.
2.2.2.5.10 Title of Project: Tassel Creek Restoration.
Location: Tassel Creek Boat Launch
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Sediment delivery, water quality, connectivity.
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Action to be taken: Decommission DFW boat ramp and identify alternative location.
Assess, design, and implement restoration needs.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: WDFW decommissioned the boat launch following a washout during the November
2021 flood events. They have purchased property on the other side of the river. Seeking
funding for assessment and restoration of creek.
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2.3 Ozette Basin
Figure 3. Relief Map of the Ozette Basin.
2.3.1 Ozette Basin Background
Information contained within this section was derived from the Lake Ozette Sockeye
Limiting Factors Analysis and the Lake Ozette Sockeye Recovery Plan (Haggerty et al.
2009; NMFS,2009). The Ozette watershed is located along the northwest tip of the
Olympic Peninsula in Washington State (Figure 3). Lake Ozette is situated on the
coastal plain between the Pacific Ocean and the Olympic Mountains. The terrain of the
Ozette watershed is slightly rolling to steep with a gradual increase in elevation from
zero at sea level at the Ozette River mouth, to 40 feet at the Ozette Ranger Station, to
just under 2000 feet at the watershed’s highest point in the upper Big River watershed.
Most of the watershed ranges from 200 to 800 feet elevation.
Lake Ozette is approximately 8 miles (12.9 km) from north to south and 2 miles (3.2
km) wide. The lake is irregularly shaped and contains 36.5 miles of shoreline (Ritchie,
2005). It includes several bays (North End, Deer, Umbrella, Swan, Ericson’s, Boat,
Allen’s, and South End), distinct points (Deer, Eagle, Shafer’s, Rocky, Cemetery, and
Birkestol) and three islands (Garden, Tivoli, and Baby). With a surface area of 11.8 mi2
(30.6 km2; 7,550 acres; 3,056 ha), Lake Ozette is the third largest natural lake in
Washington State. The lake has a drainage basin area of 77 mi2 (199.4 km2), an
average depth of approximately 130 feet (40 m), and a maximum depth of 320 feet (98
meters) (Dlugokenski, 1981). The average water surface elevation of the lake is 34 feet
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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above mean sea level (10.4 meters; National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 [NGVD
1929]). Extreme low and high-water surface elevations of the lake range from 30.8 feet
(9.4 m) to 41.5 feet (12.6 m) above mean sea level.
The Ozette River drains the lake from its north end, and there are no other outlet
streams. The river travels approximately 5.3 miles (8.5 km) along a sinuous course to the
Pacific Ocean. The total drainage area of the Ozette watershed at the confluence with the
Pacific Ocean is 88.4 mi2 (229 km2). Coal Creek, which enters just downstream from the
lake’s outlet, is the largest tributary to the Ozette River. Several significant tributaries drain
into Lake Ozette. The largest are Big River, Crooked Creek, Siwash Creek, South Creek,
and Umbrella Creek (Table 2). Several smaller streams also feed the lake and includes:
Palmquist, Quinn, Elk, and Lost Net Creeks, as well as several other unnamed streams.
Table 3. Drainage areas for Ozette Basin tributaries.
Tributary
Basin
Area (sq.
mi.)
Basin
Area (sq.
km.)
Big River 22.8 59.0
Coal Creek 4.6 11.8
Crooked Creek 12.2 31.6
Siwash Creek 2.9 7.4
South Creek 3.3 8.4
Umbrella Creek 10.6 27.6
The geology of the Ozette watershed is a mix of flat and gently sloping glacial and
glacio-fluvial deposits situated between resistant knobs and small hills composed of
Tertiary marine sedimentary rock units (mechanically weak silt and sandstones). Some
glacial landforms extend for several square miles while others only occupy small valleys.
Much of the land within the watershed is low-relief and contains numerous swamps,
bogs, and wetlands. Other portions of the watershed (e.g., upper Big River) are steep
and rugged and are underlain by Eocene age volcanic flows and breccias (Snavely et
al.1993).
Lake Ozette, its shoreline, and much of the Ozette River are included in Olympic
National Park (ONP). Its upland habitat and tributaries that flow into the lake are largely
privately owned or within DNR lands. Sections of Ozette River and Umbrella Creek are
within Makah Tribal Lands. The Quileute Tribe and the Makah Tribe have shared U&A
within this watershed.
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Salmonid populations in the Ozette watershed (in addition to the ESA-listed
Sockeye Salmon) are Kokanee (non-anadromous Sockeye) Salmon, Coho Salmon,
Chum Salmon, Chinook Salmon, steelhead, and Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Haggerty et al.
2009). Coho salmon are native to the Ozette watershed and are sustained through wild
production (WDF et al., 1994; WDFW, 2002). Although there has been no ESA status
assessment of Chinook Salmon and Chum Salmon, the populations are assumed to be
critical, threatened, or potentially extirpated (Nehlsen et al.1991; McHenry et al., 1996);
the Lake Ozette Sockeye Limiting Factors Analysis described the populations as
“assumed to be nearly or functionally extinct” (Haggerty et al. 2009). Steelhead trout are
native to the Ozette watershed and are sustained through wild production (WDF et al.,
1994; McHenry et al., 1996; WDFW, 2002). Steelhead/Rainbow Trout primarily occur in
the form of winter-run steelhead, but non-anadromous forms of the species may also be
present. Winter-run steelhead in the Ozette watershed have been identified as a distinct
stock in recent stock assessments conducted by WDFW (WDF et al.1994; WDFW,
2002).
Currently the ESA-listed Lake Ozette Sockeye Salmon is sustained through both
wild and hatchery-reared production (NMFS, 2009). An exhaustive review of current
and historical population trends for the Lake Ozette Sockeye can be found in the Lake
Ozette Sockeye Recovery Plan and its associated technical document the Lake Ozette
Sockeye Limiting Factors Analysis (NMFS, 2009;).
http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/protected_species/salmon_steelhead/recovery_planning_and_impleme
ntation/lake_ozette/lake_ozette_sockeye_salmon_recovery_plan.htm
2.3.2 Ozette Basin Sockeye Project Prioritization
The Lake Ozette Sockeye recovery strategy framework contains three key elements
that can be used to inform which recovery actions are needed for salmon recovery in the
Lake Ozette watershed (Haggerty et al. 2009). This framework used in the recovery
plan can be generally applied to all species of concern within the Ozette watershed
because it focuses on the critical processes, inputs, and habitat conditions that are
fundamental to all salmonids during common life stages. Where these strategies are
found to be inconsistent with recovery of other species of concern (e.g., sub-basin
prioritization, habitat prioritization by life stage), the prioritization scheme described in
sections 1.2 and 1.3 is employed (following from Roni et al., 2002).
In the Lake Ozette Sockeye recovery plan (Haggerty, 2009; NMFS, 2009;
http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Salmon-Recovery-Planning/Recovery-Domains/Puget-Sound/Lake-Ozette-
Plan.cfm) twenty-four recovery actions have been identified and prioritized relative to the
sub-basin scheme in Figure 4. In 2010 the Lake Ozette Sockeye Steering Committee
(LOSSC) initiated a process of ranking those actions in order to produce a 3-year
implementation plan. After the LOSSC dissolved on June 26, 2019, the entities involved
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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took on the separate roles and responsibilities of the steering committee. Restoration
project recruitment, review, and integration into regional funding previously facilitated by
the LOSSC, are now an integrated part of the NPCLE annual process documented in
this strategy. NPCLE also incorporated the LOSSC’s Near-Term Priority List into the
Lead Entity’s project list. Project development, which had previously been facilitated
through LOSSC, is now being conducted either independently by individual entities, or
cooperatively by previous members of the LOSSC.
Figure 4. Lake Ozette Sockeye Recovery Plan Sub-Basin Prioritization (Haggerty et al. 2009; NMFS, 2009)
2.3.3 Ozette Basin Prioritized Projects:
High priority projects identified here for the Ozette Basin are mostly based upon
known Sockeye salmon restoration issues or Limiting Factors outlined in Haggerty et al.
2009, or they are unimplemented projects previously prioritized by the LOSSC. Since
the LOSSC dissolved in 2019, this project list has been reviewed and updated in regular
monthly Technical Committee meetings as well as special Ozette Basin Technical
Committee meetings hosted by the North Pacific Coast Lead Entity. An update to this list
occurs annually in this strategy (See Appendix B for the full list with any Medium and
Lower priority projects). Some of the projects identified here have been partially funded
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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but none have been fully implemented on the ground. Each project’s "status" at the time
of publication is indicated at the end of its description. All projects on this list are meant
to complement and work within the authorities of the agencies and entities around Lake
Ozette, including tribal trust and treaty rights, ONP, Clallam County, DNR’s Habitat
Conservation Plan, and the Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan. This strategy
does not modify or replace these or other authorities.
2.3.3.1 Title of project: Lake Outlet and Ozette River Riparian Restoration.
Location: Lake Ozette outlet and Ozette River.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian habitat quality and sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Invasive species assessment, management, and replanting.
Stocks being affected: Sockeye Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding. Walla Walla University has mapped a large number of visible
plant species around the lake, available in a report.
2.3.3.2 Title of project: Big River Riparian Restoration.
Location: Big River and upper Ozette Basin.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian habitat quality and sedimentation.
Action to be taken: Invasive species control and revegetation for Big River then expand to
the rest of basin.
Stocks being affected: Sockeye Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Ongoing. Seeking additional funding. Clallam Conservation District and Makah
Tribe replanting areas. Large amount of work and longterm need.
2.3.3.3 Title of Project: Ongoing Basin-Wide Invasive Plant Assessment and Mapping
Location: Ozette Basin.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian and sedimentation. Invasive species
disruption of endemic ecological processes.
Action to be taken: Continued monitoring and control of invasive plant species in the
basin.
Stocks being affected: Sockeye Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: In progress. Seeking additional funding.
2.3.3.4 Title of Project: Sockeye Lakeside Spawning Habitat Enhancement: Assessment,
Designs, and Implementation.
Location: Lake Ozette
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Spawning habitat quality.
Action to be taken: Assessment of shoreline spawning populations and restoration needs,
design, and implementation
Stocks being affected: Sockeye Salmon
Status: In progress. Seeking additional funding.
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2.3.3.5 Title of Project: Ozette Basin Development of Abundance Estimates through ARIS
Data Analysis and Spawning Surveys.
Location: Ozette Basin
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Predation and abundance.
Action to be taken: Ongoing support for spawning ground surveys and data analysis of
ARIS hydroacoustic data to establish annual time, abundance, and predatory impacts.
Stocks being affected: Sockeye Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Ongoing. Seeking additional funding.
2.3.3.6 Title of Project: Northern WRIA 20 Habitat Conservation
Location: Cape Flattery to the Lake Ozette Watershed
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality, habitat quality and diversity.
Action to be taken: Creation of a conservation plan that identifies high priority parcels for
conservation actions for salmonid habitat from the Lake Ozette watershed north to Cape
Flattery, and acquisition/easements on lands with identified conservation value or habitat
restoration potential for salmon.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, Chum Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Bull
Trout, Rainbow Trout, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Separated from larger full WRIA 20 Habitat Conservation Project. Seeking funding.
2.3.3.7 Title of Project: Makah Tribe Railroad Grade Removal Project
Location: Old railroad grade crossing wetland habitat of Lake Ozette 48.132614, -
124.619052
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Water quality, fish passage, wetland function,
habitat quality and diversity.
Action to be taken: Removal of part or all of an old railroad grade approximately 0.46 miles
long that crosses the floodplain and wetland habitat of Lake Ozette, and is impacting fish
passage, wetland function, water quality, hydrology, and fluvial processes that impedes
Umbrella Bay (a significant area for ESA listed Lake Ozette Sockeye); removal of a 33%
passable double-culvert barrier on a tributary that crosses the county road.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, Sockeye Salmon, Rainbow Trout, and
Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
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2.4 North Pacific Coast Independent Drainages:
Figure 5. Relief Map of WRIA 20 Independent Drainages.
2.4.1 Independent Drainages Background:
The independent drainages of WRIA 20 are all relatively short, rain-fed watersheds
that originate in the lower elevations of the coastal foothills and independently terminate
in the ocean. The coastal interface of these drainages is at best a pocket estuary or a
tidal marshland on an estuarine bay like the mouth of the Tsoo-Yess, but in some cases
there is only a sub-surface seep through the surf zone. All of these drainages are under
extreme tidal and coastal influence and in most cases provide limited access to
anadromous fish. From their headwaters and along the majority of their course, until
they enter the protected coastal strip of Olympic National Park or tribal treaty lands, and
dump into the ocean, these independent drainages are all located within commercial
timber production areas. Outside of the Tsoo-Yess and Wa’atch Rivers inside the Makah
Reservation, systematically documented salmonid presence in these independent
creeks and small rivers is limited, and only a few of the stocks are identified by WDFW in
the SaSSI (WDFW, 2002) and Salmonscape (WDFW, 2010) data bases.
2.4.1.1 The Small Olympic National Park Drainages:
The smaller independent salmon and steelhead producing coastal streams that flow
into Olympic National Park's coastal strip include Goodman Creek, Mosquito Creek,
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Cedar Creek, and Steamboat Creek. Goodman and Mosquito Creeks are located to the
north of the Hoh River; Cedar Creek and Steamboat Creek are smaller independent
streams located to the south of the Hoh River. All four of these independent drainages
fall within the Hoh Tribe Usual and Accustomed Fishing tribal treaty jurisdiction (U&A)
areas, except for Goodman Creek, which is a shared U&A with the Quileute Tribe.
Goodman Creek is the largest drainage with an average winter width of 15 yards in
the lower 3.5 miles, diminishing to 4 yards in the upper reaches; summer width in the
lower 3.5 miles is approximately 10 yards. Habitat is composed of interspaced pool and
riffles. Substrates in the lower 5 miles is predominantly composed of sand and gravel,
with gravel and cobble predominating in the upper reaches. The Goodman Creek Basin
contains a high density of wetlands, indicating high ground waters inputs. In Mosquito
Creek winter average stream widths range from 7 yards near river mile (RM) 7 to 12
yards in the lower reaches. Sand and gravel are the predominant substrates in the
lower reaches while boulders and rubble are predominant in the upper drainage.
Limiting factors for salmon production in these drainages, beyond ocean access,
are summer low flows and the adverse effects of logging. All lands outside the Olympic
National Park have been extensively logged. Little habitat data exists for these streams,
but biologists have noted that sedimentation and altered riparian zones are problems.
Numerous blockages from either culverts or cedar spalts have been documented in
Cedar and Steamboat Creeks. The middle reaches of Goodman Creek have low levels
of large woody material that some projects proposed in this strategy are starting to
address. According to Phinney and Bucknell (1975), stream clean out of woody material
was practiced in Goodman Creek to facilitate salmon migration.
Fall Coho Salmon and winter run steelhead trout have been documented in
Goodman Creek, Mosquito Creek, Cedar Creek, and Steamboat Creek. Goodman
Creek and Mosquito Creek have suitable spawning material for Chinook Salmon, but the
extent of utilization is unknown. A barrier falls exists on Falls Creek, a tributary to
Goodman Creek. Coho Salmon and steelhead are able to utilize 12 miles of the
mainstem Goodman Creek as well as over 8 miles of tributary streams. Mosquito Creek
is known to support Coho Salmon production in its lower 7 miles. Coho Salmon
spawning generally occurs from mid-November to mid-January in Goodman and
Mosquito Creeks. Winter steelhead spawning occurs from January through April. An
estimated 36 linear miles of stream are utilized for salmon production in these streams.
The data for stock status determinations is limited and remains a data need.
In 2013, the Pacific Coast Salmon Coalition conducted a full habitat and LWD
survey of Goodman Creek (WRIA 20.0400), from the mouth of the creek at the Pacific
Ocean to the Goodman Creek bridge crossing on the G-3000 Road. Reed canary grass
was observed and reported along the entire 4.3 river miles (RM). Goodman Creek is
also impacted by increasing populations of invasive plant species in and along the
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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stream corridor and floodplain, and along access roads. As reported in 2013, reed
canary grass has established dense monocultures; these reduce stream velocity,
increase water temperature and decrease dissolved oxygen, and trap sediment in deep
rhizome mats, decreasing channel depth and width. Other invasive species found in
Goodman Creek include Canada thistle, Scotch broom and tansy ragwort. These non-
native plants all outcompete native vegetation while providing none of their ecosystem
services. In 2016, the non-profit 10,000 Years Institute began surveying and treating
reed canary grass and other invasive species in Goodman Creek from RM 0.5 to RM 11
at the Goodman Mainline crossing. Surveyed areas have increased each year since,
incorporating all of the mainstem and four tributaries, and contributing road sections.
Since 2017, the number of acres treated has decreased by 90%; however, the highest
density population in the lowest mile of Goodman Creek was not accessible in either
2019 or 2020. Future targets for restoration include restoring fish passage, increasing
habitat complexity, and continuing control of invasive plants.
2.4.1.2 Tsoo-Yess River.
The Tsoo-Yess River (previously identified as Sooes River, but in 2014 there was
an official gazetteer change) is the largest of the independent drainages with a
watershed area of about 26,700 acres. The lower 5,000 acres are located within the
exterior boundaries of the Reservation. Like the rest of the watershed, much of the land
along the Tsoo-Yess mainstem is composed of gentle rolling topography, the result of a
glacially carved valley. This landform typifies the western and southern portions of the
watershed. In particular, the lower mainstem and the largest tributary, Pilchuck Creek,
which offers excellent spawning and rearing habitat because of the gentle topography,
wetlands, side channels, and channel migration zones are frequent. The mainstem
Tsoo-Yess wraps around the south and west side of the basalt Crescent Formation as it
leaves the Reservation. The Crescent Formation is composed of steep, landslide-prone
terrain. This composes much of the tributary drainage area on the right bank (east and
north) side of the river, although the mainstem itself is relatively low gradient.
The mainstem Tsoo-Yess River, from its mouth in Makah Bay to the reservation
boundary, is a low gradient floodplain river with a gravel and sand bed. Historically, the
river contained numerous Large Woody Material (LWM) jams, some of which spanned
the width of the channel. Due to the low gradient topography adjacent to the river and
the complexity and roughness of instream wood, overbank flows and floodplain
inundation were common events annually, which provided very diverse floodplain
rearing habitat for salmonids. Tributaries entering the river either directly or through
these river adjacent floodplain wetlands provided additional rearing habitat for salmonids
and other aquatic species. Complex and connected floodplain habitat and pyrrhic zones
with numerous sources and sinks of water have been identified, both in the PNW and
internationally, as essential to healthy river systems for freshwater fish species
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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(Peterson, 1982; Collin and Montgomery, 2002; Bramblett et al., 2002; Mertes,1997,
2000; Hohausova et al., 2003; Wydoski and Wick, 2000).
Past riparian timber harvesting and LWM removal from streams has dramatically
reduced the amount of LWM and large complex jams in the lower Tsoo-Yess river.
Historically, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) sanctioned LWM
removal from rivers in this region by logging companies and occasionally initiated
projects internally for wholesale wood removal (Kramer, 1953). Bulldozers, cable yarding
systems, chainsaws, and dynamite were all used to remove wood from local stream
channels. Furthermore, mainline road construction along the mainstem Tsoo-Yess River,
which functions as levees or dikes, isolated many tributaries and wetland complexes
from flood inundation. These factors, along with increases in peak flows from land use
actions, have resulted in moderate channel incision along the lower mainstem Tsoo-
Yess river.
The Tsoo-Yess basin contains runs of anadromous Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon,
and Chum salmon, as well as anadromous and resident Cutthroat Trout and
steelhead/Rainbow Trout. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Makah National Fish
Hatchery (MNFH) began supplementation efforts in the lower Tsoo-Yess River in 1982,
after a precipitous decline of Tsoo-Yess River Chinook Salmon. The hatchery prevented
extirpation of this stock and currently produces native Chinook Salmon and Coho
Salmon as well as steelhead.
2.4.1.3 Wa’atch River
Wa’atch River is low gradient with considerable tidal influence and completely within
the Makah Reservation. The Wa’atch River supports Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon,
winter steelhead, Rainbow Trout, and Cutthroat Trout. Primary tributaries are Educket
and Bear Creeks.
2.4.2. Independent Drainages Priority Projects:
Each drainage in Section 2.4.2 is included in the WRIA 20 Limiting Factors Analysis
(Smith 2000; http://docs.streamnetlibrary.org/Washington/ConservationCommission/Statewide_LFA_Final_Report_2005.pdf.)
In the Tsoo-Yess River, the Makah Tribe is currently seeking additional funds for the
development of a watershed assessment that will assist in developing a prioritization of
potential recovery actions for the entire drainage. The assessment will identify specific
habitats within the mainstem Tsoo-Yess River, as well as its three major tributaries, that
require restorative actions due to degraded processes. Existing reach-level biological
and chemical data will supplement the physical meso-habitat data collected to separate
Tsoo-Yess) river reaches by level of impairment.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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2.4.2.1 Title of Project: Wa’atch Creek Fish-blocking Culvert Correction.
Location: Wa’atch Creek
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Fish passage and estuary reconnection
Action to be taken: Replace deteriorating undersized culvert on Wa’atch Creek.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout
Status: Seeking funding.
2.4.2.2 Title of Project: European Green Crab Management in Makah Coastal Estuaries.
Location: Wa’atch and Tsoo-Yess estuaries.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Protection of juvenile fish habitat.
Action to be taken: Makah Reservation-Wa'atch River and estuary approximately two
miles to mouth and Tsoo-Yess River and estuary approximately two lower river miles to
mouth, and Neah Bay nearshore; various areas on west end of the bay
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout
Status: Seeking funding under both estuary and nearshore resources. Currently ongoing
with annual grant. Long-term management needed and may need additional funding in the
future.
2.4.2.3 Title of project: Goodman Creek LWM Placement
Location: Goodman Creek R.M. 10.5-13.0
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Channel complexity and spawning habitat
Action to be taken: LWM enrichment from RM 10.5 to 13.0
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: One mile of LWM placement completed in 2021, with tree planting completed in
2022. Funding for the remaining 1.5 miles was awarded in 2023 SRFB grant round. In
progress.
2.4.2.4 Title of project: Goodman Creek Invasive Species Removal
Location: Goodman Creek mainstem and tributaries (channel and floodplain); and
roadways
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian, sedimentation, and habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Invasive species prevention and control in Goodman Creek and
source points on roadways.
Stocks being affected: Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout.
Status: Funded through. Will need additional maintenance funding for a decade.
2.4.2.5 Title of Project: Goodman Creek Riparian Replanting
Location: Goodman Creek RM 4.0 to 13.0.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Riparian, sedimentation, and habitat complexity.
Action to be taken: Replanting of Goodman Creek riparian corridors after invasive species
removal.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: In progress. Seeking additional funding.
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2.5 North Pacific Coast Nearshore:
Figure 6. Relief Map of WRIA 20 Nearshore.
2.5.1 WRIA 20 Nearshore Background:
The nearshore component of WRIA 20 is a multi-jurisdictional area that is under the
authority of tribal reservations, Usual and Accustomed Fishing Area tribal treaty
jurisdiction (U&A), and/or federal ownership by Olympic National Park, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, or the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. Given the overlapping
tribal and federal regulation of this region, habitat protection and on-going monitoring of
habitat conditions already occurs at multiple levels (Klinger et al, 2007). NPCLE salmon
restoration activities within this zone have focused on promoting assessment studies of
salmonid use of the nearshore for foraging and migration (Beechie et al, 2003), which up
to this point in time has not been systematically studied by any of the existing tribal or
governmental authorities. The Makah Tribe has started to assess green crab presence
(see 2.4.2.2, above and 2.5.2.3, below).
The WRIA 20 nearshore includes open coast, protected tidal areas inland of the
numerous networks of offshore rocks and islands, and pocket estuaries fed by
independent drainages. The limited estuaries include the mouth of the Hoh River, Makah
Bay at the mouth of the Tsoo-Yess and Wa’atch Rivers, and a relatively extensive
Map: K.E. Bennett, UW ONRC
GIS
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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estuary at the mouth of the Quillayute River inshore of James Island and extending to
the mouth of the Dickey River. Little is presently known about how these regions serve
as nearshore salmon habitat, so the first priority has been for baseline assessment.
Relative to other coastal regions it is likely that the estuaries and protected tidal areas
serve as foraging and holding areas for smolts and returning adult salmon, and may
serve as a coastal migration zone for salmonids from both local and adjacent estuaries
as far away as the Columbia River (Beechie et al, 2003; Shaffer, 2004a, 2004b).
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife has with cooperation of the four treaty
tribes on its Pacific Coast conducted forage fish sampling (2012-2014). The initial report
is on line at https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01701/wdfw01701.pdf. Certain of the tribes are
continuing this work with other funding, within their respective UandAs.
2.5.2 Nearshore Priority Projects:
The following priority salmon projects have been identified for the nearshore
environment of WRIA 20 by the NPCLE technical Committee.
2.5.2.1 Title of Project: Nearshore Assessment of Salmonid presence.
Location: All the estuaries and pocket estuaries in WRIA 20.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Species presence and life history.
Action to be taken: Beach seine selected nearshore locations near river mouths for adult
and juvenile presence.
Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, steelhead, Cutthroat Trout, and
Bull Trout.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.5.2.2 Title of project: Nearshore Assessment of Salmonid Genetic Stocks.
Location: Makah Bay, mouth of the Quillayute River and mouth of the Hoh River.
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Identification of salmonid stock ESUs utilizing the
nearshore for migration and foraging.
Action to be taken: Sub-sample salmonid tissue from beach seine for genetic stock
identification.
Stocks being affected: All anadromous stocks in WRIA 20 and any migrating adults or
juveniles from adjacent systems.
Status: Seeking funding.
2.5.2.3 Title of project: European Green Crab Management in Makah Reservation
Coastal Estuaries.
Location: Wa’atch and Tsoo-Yess Rivers and estuaries
Issue/Limiting Factor being addressed: Estuarine and nearshore habitat, non-habitat
limiting factors, and predations; Channel Stability
Action to be taken: Capacity to conduct long-term removal and control of the invasive
European green crab in two coastal estuaries and nearshore beaches.
2025 North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20) Salmon Restoration Strategy
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Stocks being affected: Chinook Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon, Cutthroat Trout,
and steelhead.
Status: Seeking funding under both estuary and nearshore resources. Currently ongoing
with annual grant. Long-term management needed and may need additional funding in the
future.
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List of References:
Beamer, E., T. Beechie, and J. Klochak., 1998. A strategy for implementation, effectiveness, and
validation monitoring of habitat restoration projects, with two
examples from the Skagit River basin, Washington. Completion report (Cost Share Agreement CCS- 94-
04-05-01-050) to U.S. Forest Service, Sedro Woolley, Washington.
Beechie, T., E. Beamer, and L. Wasserman. 1994. Estimating coho salmon rearing habitat and smolt
production losses in a large river basin, and implications for restoration. North American Journal of
Fisheries Management 14:797–811.
Beechie, T. J., and S. Bolton. 1999. An approach to restoring salmonid habitat-forming processes in
Pacific Northwest watersheds. Fisheries 24(4):6–15.
Beechie, T.J., E.A. Steel, P. Roni, and E. Quimby (editors). 2003. Ecosystem recovery planning for listed
salmon: an integrated assessment approach for salmon habitat. U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA Technical
Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-58, 183 p.
Bilby, R. E., K. Sullivan, and S. H. Duncan. 1989. The generation and fate of road-surface sediment in
forested watersheds in southwestern Washington. Forest Science 35:453–468.
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APPENDIX A
NPCLE 2025 PROJECT PROPOSAL APPLICATION FORMS
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North Pacific Coast (WRIA 20)
SRFB 2025 Grant Round Application Packet
The Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) has started its annual grant round for both regular
and Riparian projects. The exact amount allocated for projects in the North Pacific Coast is not yet
known, but funding allocations in previous years have been between $387,000 and $547,000 for
regular SRFB projects and up to $464,000 for Riparian projects. To submit a salmon habitat
project application during this funding cycle you must contact your local Lead Entity for its
application procedures and timelines.
NOTE: All applications must be submitted through a Lead Entity.
PROJECT LOCATIONS:
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (NPCLE) projects must be located within the geographic boundary
of Water Resource Inventory Area 20 (WRIA 20), which includes the highlighted portions of
western Clallam and Jefferson counties and their nearshore as illustrated in the map above.
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BASIC APPLICATION PROCEDURE FOR 2025
(Spring/Summer 2025)
(Applications must be entered online into PRISM after you get your Project # from the Lead Entity)
Completed Conceptual Project Forms must be submitted to the Lead Entity by March 3, 2025.
General Instructions:
1. To get a PRISM Project Number, fill out the Coast Salmon Partnership Habitat Restoration
Conceptual Project Form (pages 7-10 of this application package) and submit it to NPCLE
coordinator Anna Geffre, Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (phone: (360) 438-1180 ext.
575; email: ageffre@nwifc.org). at any time prior to the deadline. We will then enter the basics
of your project into the Salmon Recovery Portal (SRP) and obtain a PRISM Project Number
for you. This is accomplished by our Communications and Data Technician, Rebekah Brooks
(rebekahbrookscontracting@gmail.com).
2. Please note if you are seeking funding through the regular SRFB fund, Riparian fund, or both.
For projects seeking funding through both sources in a single application, all project elements
must meet the full eligibility requirements for both sources. For eligibility information, please
refer to Manual 18 (linked below). If they are not fully eligible under both sources, please
submit two conceptual project forms, specifying elements for each funding source.
3. After you get your PRISM project number from the Lead Entity you will be able to fill in the rest
of your information using the online grant program PRISM. Here is the PRISM link on how to
apply: https://rco.wa.gov/recreation-and-conservation-office-grants/apply-for-a-grant/prism/.
Here are links to the Salmon Recovery Grants Manual 18 (https://rco.wa.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2019/05/SAL-Manual18.pdf) and application material
https://rco.wa.gov/grant/salmon-recovery/. All required application forms and project proposal
templates are included in Manual 18, and you may find links to all the forms and materials you will
need in the Application Checklist as well.
Please check with the local salmon Lead Entity for their specific schedule of key dates, as it may
differ slightly on some deadlines listed by SRFB https://rco.wa.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2019/10/SAL-GrantSchedule.pdf. Specific NPCLE information can be found at
https://www.coastsalmonpartnership.org/north-pacific-coast-lead-entity/.
Please contact Anna Geffre, 360-438-1180 ext. 575 (ageffre@nwifc.org) or Sasha Medlen, 360-
819-3374 (sasha.medlen@rco.wa.gov) for clarification or assistance in getting your project
information into PRISM.
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North Pacific Coast Lead Entity
SRFB 2025 Application Schedule
(Winter-Summer 2025)
SCHEDULED ITEM DATE
Official Release of the NPCLE SRFB Request for Proposals
(SRFB online application open mid-January 2025)
January 8
DUE DATE: Conceptual project forms submitted to Lead Entity
Coordinator.
March 3
NPCLE March meeting:
Proposed project presentations with information available to NPCLE
Technical and IG/Citizen Committee for initial review.
March 18
DUE DATE: Complete applications submitted in PRISM two
weeks prior to Site Visits.
April 3
NPCLE April meeting.
Initial overviews of all proposed projects submitted in PRISM
April 15
SRFB Technical Review Panel Site Visits
April 17-18
NPCLE May meeting:
Full presentations on proposals by project proponents.
May 20
Comment forms received from SRFB Review Panel May 30
NPCLE June meeting:
Presentations on any project updates. Final Q & A between
applicants and the Citizen and Technical Committees. Morning
Technical Committee review of scoring criteria.
June 17
DUE DATE: Final revised applications submitted in PRISM for
Lead Entity scoring and ranking.
June 23,
noon
Technical Committee final project scoring session. July 8
NPCLE July meeting:
Citizens Committee/Initiating Governments rank and approve
projects for submittal to RCO.
July 15
Ranked project list submitted to SRFB by the Lead Entity
Coordinator.
August 8
The Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) also offers "Successful Applicant Workshops" that
can be of great assistance in understanding the SRFB policies and project application and
management procedures. All applicants and grant recipients are encouraged to attend workshops
at least once every other year. A recording of the 2023 workshop can be found here:
https://youtu.be/4B4SUgW0E6M?si=jwpul-y86-ei0oqR .
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Successful Applicants:
Successful applicants contact the Lead Entity in the location of their proposed project as
early as possible so that stakeholders have plenty of time to be informed and potential
partners can collaborate. Lead Entity Technical Committee members can be especially
helpful in the early stages of project development.
Overview of the SRFB 2025 Grant Round NPCLE Proposal Requirements:
(Applications must be completed and submitted in PRISM by April 3, 2025.)
NPCLE APPLICATION REVIEW CRITERIA:
The general evaluation criteria used by the NPCLE Technical Committee and Citizen
Committee in reviewing projects proposed for the 2025 SRFB Grant Round include:
Project Strategy Sediment Control
Project Method Connectivity
Habitat Quality Applicant is or has a project sponsor
Habitat Quantity Likelihood of satisfying the granting agency
Salmonid Life Histories Accuracy of budget
Species Diversity (current) Urgency for immediate implementation
Riparian forest and native vegetation Qualifications
Local Community Support
(A copy of the form used by technical reviewers for proposal evaluation follows on the next pages.
Scorers will use a modified version of this form to score riparian projects.)
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Table 1. Project Ranking Matrix
PROJECT NAME / # :REVIEWER NAME:
Sponsor:
SCORE COMMENTS
PRIMARY PROJECT
STRATEGY
(score only the single most appropriate
strategy)Category Description
Score
Range (Reviewer)
Preservation/Protection.Obtains permanent protection from direct human impacts to habitat
conditions through conservation easements or land purchase. 0 to 10
Assessment to define
projects and/or to fill data
gaps.
Conducts archival and empirical studies to document or ground truth current
conditions prior to identifying specific restoration actions.0 to 10
Restoration of Processes -
Long term
Undertakes actions that support natural processes to permanently (longer
than 10 years) recover habitat conditions.0 to 10
Restoration of Physical
Habitat - short term
Undertakes engineered restoration of degraded habitat to immediately
improve habitat conditions on a temporary time scale (<10 years). 0 to 5
Reconnect Fragmented
/ Isolated Habitats
Undertakes actions that repair physical corridors and restores functions of
previously connected habitat areas.0 to 10
PROJECT METHOD TYPE
(score only as many as appropriate)Category Description Score
Range
SCORE
(Reviewer)COMMENTS
Acquisition/Easement Project will use funds to purchase and/or a contractual agreement to
maintain or improve salmon habitat conditions.0 to 4
Fish Passage
Remove stream-crossing structures or restore, upgrade and replace stream-
crossing structures to allow migration of all fish life history stages and the
natural movement of streambed material and large woody material.
Consider the severity of the blockage.0 to 4
Road Decommissioning Elimination of existing road(s) and reestablishment of natural channel
configuration and natural habitat functions.0 to 4
Drainage / Stabilization
Increase water crossing structure (including but not limited to, bridges,
culverts, crossdrains) sizes or numbers specifically to improve drainage and
stability to avoid excess flow into any drainage, and/or stabilize segments in
risk of failure. Consider the risk of failure and sediment delivery to the
system. *Fish passage projects not applicable unless part of a larger
package.0 to 4
Floodplain & Wetland
Connectivity
Remove, relocate and re-design road segments, dikes, bank armoring,
revetments and approach fills that are specifically impacting floodplain or
wetland function and hydrology and/or reduces incision through increased
vertical connectivity. 0 to 4
Large Woody Material
Placement
Design and place engineered/less-engineered woody material accumulations
and logjam structures to enhance channel stability, stabilize spawning
substrate, accumulate natural wood, and/or to protect significant habitat
features for the maintenance of productive fish habitat. 0 to 4
Riparian Restoration
Inventory and remove invasive species along banks and river bars within
basins using appropriate methods for removal and control. Promote
appropriate age and species composition of vegetation through thinning and
replanting. Fence riparian areas from livestock, relocate parallel roads and
other infrastructure from riparian areas.0 to 4
Instream structure
removal / abandonment
Permanent removal of culverts, failed bridges, cedar spalts, and other
anthropogenic instream blockages so that the channel returns to natural
conditions leaving no structure behind.0 to 4
Instream Structure
Improvement/replacement
Improvement or replacement of existing culverts, bridges, or other failed
instream structures so that the channel returns to adequate function for the
support of salmon habitat.0 to 4
Other (methods not
captured above)
Unique or specific assessments, experimental techniques, quantitative and
spatial modeling or the application of new technology.0 to 4
continued on next page
CATEGORIES
Reminder: Score assessment and design phases at an equal level of gain as implementation phases, as long as the project will clearly lead to
construction or restoration. If the project is phased, score it as a whole.
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continued from previous page
HABITAT AND BIOLOGY
ADDRESSED
(Score low to high for how it is
improved or maintained in excellent
condition)
Category Description Score
Range SCORE
(Reviewer)COMMENTS
Salmonid Habitat Quality
Water quality, pool frequency, channel composition, LWM frequency, and
instream biodiversity positively affected by the project.0 to 4
Salmonid Habitat
Quantity
Total improved stream length/estuary area etc. after project completion.
Reviewer may take into consideration percent of critical habitat positively
effected by project.0 to 4
Salmonid Life Histories Range of salmon life history stages addressed and positively affected by
the project (e.g. spawning, rearing, migration, off-channel refugia). 0 to 4
Salmonid Species/Run
Diversity (current)
Diversity of salmonid species and runs positively affected by the project.
Consider diversity relative to the other projects submitted for funding. 0 to 4
Riparian forest and
native vegetation
Are riparian areas healthy with native vegetation or will invasive species
and/or restoration be addressed?0 to 4
Sediment Control
Anthropogenic or geomorphic- sediment issues and/or their restoration
positively affected by the project.0 to 4
Climate Adaptation
Climate adaptation is formally incorporated into project benefits and
addressed in the proposal description.0 to 4
Salmonid habitat
connectivity
Improvement or maintenance of connectivity to functional or high quality
habitat.0 to 4
Likelihood of Success
(score applicant based on track record
and resources)
Category Description
Score
Range SCORE
(Reviewer)COMMENTS
Applicant is or has an
appropriate project
sponsor.
How complete and balanced is the project team?
0 to 4
Likelihood of satisfying
the granting agency.
How does this project address the funding requirements of the granting
agency?0 to 4
Accuracy and
completeness of budget.
Are projected expenses realistic relative to documented costs and are they
adequate?0 to 4
Urgency for immediate
implementation.
Are there timing issues for this projects success that make it more important
to move forward now?0 to 4
Qualifications Qualifications / track record of sponsor/partners 0 to 4
Local Community Support
Is there endorsement (e.g support letters) of affected landowners, support
by economic sectors, community awareness and adequate buy in?0 to 4
TOTAL:0
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix A:
Application
Forms
74
COAST SALMON PARTNERSHIP
HABITAT RESTORATION
CONCEPTUAL PROJECT FORM
Project Information
Project Name
Fund source seeking
Landowner (name, phone number and/or
email)
Project Type (bank protection/
restoration/acquisition/etc.)
Project Sponsor or Primary Contact (name,
phone number and/or email)
Brief
Project
Description
Current Land Ownership (private, public,
other)
Approximate Scale of Project to be
Restored/Protected, if known (linear feet,
acreage, etc.)
Project Location
River or creek name, road crossing,
nearest street address, if applicable
Latitude/longitude
Stream
Sub-Basin
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix A:
Application
Forms
75
Ecosystem Type to be Protected/Restored/Acquired
Estuary (River Delta) Riparian (Stream side)
In-stream Upland
Wetland Off channel floodplain
Other____________________________ N/A
Resource Concerns Addressed (Choose All That Apply)
Bank erosion Infrastructure protection
Flooding/flood control Road maintenance
Storm water runoff Other
_________________________________________
Habitat: Limiting Factor Addressed (Choose All that Apply)
Habitat diversity Channel stability
Habitat composition Width
Floodplain connectivity/function Water quantity/flow
Fish Passage Water quality
Predation Sedimentation
Food Temperature
Non-habitat limiting factors Unknown
Channel structure and complexity Other___________________________________
Primary Aquatic Species Benefitting (Choose All that Apply)
Bull Trout Rainbow Trout
Chinook Sockeye
Chum Steelhead
Coho Cutthroat
Pacific lamprey Mountain whitefish
Largescale sucker Dace
Redside shiner Northern pike minnow
Sculpin Three spine stickleback
Olympic mud
minnow
Northern red-legged frog
Northwestern
salamander
Long-toed salamander
Pacific Tree frog Rough skin Newt
Migratory birds Other___________________________________________
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix A:
Application
Forms
76
Detailed Project Information (where applicable)
Additional Information
Does this project link to any other recently completed or proposed restoration or protection
projects? (List all projects related to water quality, quantity, habitat, barriers, etc.)
Is there current or future potential landowner willingness to have a project done on this land?
Would there be any educational opportunities associated with this project?
Problem Statement
(What is the problem? What ecological concerns or limiting factors does
the project address? For bank protection projects, what are the reach-
scale and site specific causes of erosion (see Bank Erosion Strategy)?
Are there any known potential constraints (infrastructure, access
limitations, etc.) or other project considerations? Please include the
chapter and section of a recovery plan where this action is
recommended as well as the recovery plan goal to which the project
relates.
Goals and Objectives
Estimated Timeframe for
Project Completion
Rough Cost
Estimate (required)
Partner(s)
If applicable, Secured
Funding and Sources
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix A:
Application
Forms
77
Draw the project site
What to include in your drawing: Rivers, creeks, land use around creek, roads or stream
crossings, what you are proposing to do on this land
** Optional : Attach photographs, maps, supporting documents
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix A:
Application
Forms
78
REFERENCES:
Dlugokenski, C.E., W.H. Bradshaw,and S.R. Hager. 1981. An investigation of the limiting factors
to Ozette sockeye salmon production and a plan for their restoration U.S. Fish and “Wildlife
Services, Fisheries Assistance office, Olympia, WA 52.p
Haggerty, M.J., Ritchie, A.C., Shellberg, J.G., Crewson, M.J., and Jalonen, J. 2009. Lake Ozette
Sockeye Limiting Factors Analysis. Prepared for the Makah IndianTribe and NOAA Fisheries in
Cooperation with the Lake Ozette Sockeye Steering Committee, Port Angeles, WA.
McMillan, J.R. and J.C. Starr, 2008. Identification and prioritization of salmon tributaries for
conservation in the Hoh River basin, Washington State. Wild Salmon Center, Portland, Oregon.
(available on HWS: http://hws.ekosystem.us)
NOAA, 2009. Lake Ozette Sockeye ESA Recovery Plan. Final plan approved May 9th, 2009.
http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Salmon-Recovery-Planning/Recovery-Domains/Puget-Sound/Lake-
Ozette-Plan.cfm).
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (NPCLE), 2007. North Pacific Coast Lead Entity
2007 Initial Habitat Strategy for Salmonid Projects Considered within WRIA 20. Unpublished
Report. NPCLE, Port Angeles, WA, 71 p. (available on HWS: http://hws.ekosystem.us)
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20) 2010-2019 Salmon Restoration Strategies. NPCLE,
Forks WA, 75+ p. (http://hws.ekosystem.us ).
Roni, P., T. J. Beechie, R. E. Bilby, F. E. Leonetti, M. M. Pollock, and G. R. Pess, 2002. A Review
of Stream Restoration Techniques and a Hierarchical Strategy for Prioritizing Restoration in Pacific
Northwest Watersheds. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:1–20.
Roni, P., T.J. Beechie, and G.R. Pess, 2003. Prioritizing potential restoration actions within
watersheds. Pages 60 – 73 in Beechie, T.J., E.A. Steel, P. Roni, and E. Quimby (editors).
Ecosystem recovery planning for listed salmon: an integrated assessment approach for salmon
habitat. U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA Technical Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-58.
Smith, Carol J., 2000. Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors in the North Coastal
Streams of WRIA 20. Washington State Conservation Commission, Lacey, Washington State.
147 p.
http://docs.streamnetlibrary.org/Washington/ConservationCommission/Statewide_LFA_Final_Rep
ort_2005.pdf.
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), 2002. Salmonid Stock Inventory.
WDFW, Olympia, WA. Available online: http://wdfw.wa.gov/fish/sasi/.
Washington State Forest Practices Board (WFPB), 2001. Forest and Fish Plan.
Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), Olympia, WA. Available online:
http://www.forestandfish.com.
Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 20 Implementation Body, 2010. WRIA 20 Detailed
Implementation Plan. Approved for public review on March 24th, 2010.
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix A:
Application
Forms
79
Available on Clallam County website: http://www.clallam.net.environment/watershed.html under
WRIA 20 Sol Duc-Hoh.
Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 20 Planning Unit, 2008. Water Resource Inventory Area
(WRIA 20) Watershed Management Plan. Prepared for final approval by the WRIA 20 Initiating
Governments. Available online: http://www.clallam.net.environment/watershed.html under WRIA
20 Sol Duc-Hoh.
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix B: All
Tiers Project
List
80
APPENDIX B
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity
2025 Restoration Project List
(Includes all Tiers of Priority)
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix B: All
Tiers Project
List
81
2025
Strategy #
2025 Priority
Rank BASIN Project Name Description Targeted Limiting Factors Current Status
2.0.1 High
ALL WRIA 20
SYSTEMS
Culvert inventories and prioritizations using
WDFW protocols.
Comprehensive field assessments of all known culverts on
fishbearing streams in WRIA 20 (county, DNR, federal and
private).Fish passage
In progress &
Seeking funding
2.0.2 High
ALL WRIA 20
SYSTEMS
Low Water Access Inventory of seasonal fish
barriers.
Comprehensive assessment of seasonal flows to identify
dewatered mainstem bottlenecks, and off-channel access
areas.Fish passage and seasonal access.Seeking funding
2.0.3 High
ALL WRIA 20
SYSTEMS
Low-Tech Tributary Restoration Planning and
Design
Planning and design project will use GIS models to identify
high priority areas for low-tech restoration methods in
tributary channels throughout WRIA 20. Modeling results
will be field verified at high-priority sites within the Calawah
watershed. Project goal is to accelerate implementation of
low-tech restoration methods that incorporate wood into
streams at suitable, high priority locations to restore natural
processes and improve climate resilience.
Habitat quality: complexity, water quality
(temperature, sediment), water quantity
(increased storage), floodplain connectivity
(reduced incision).Ongoing & seeking funding
2.0.4 High
ALL WRIA 20
SYSTEMS WRIA 20 Habitat Conservation
Creation of a conservation plan that identifies high priority
parcels for conservation actions for salmonid habitat, and
acquisition/easements on lands with identified conservation
value or habitat restoration potential for salmon.Water quality, habitat quality and diversity. Seeking funding.
2.1.2.1 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Glacial retreat and sediment flux assessment of
the Hoh River.
Water quality and instream assessment of suspended
sediment in the Hoh Mainstem relative to increased glacial
melting.Water quality and sedimentation.
In progress &
Seeking funding
2.1.2.2 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Hoh Watershed Spring Chinook and Steelhead
Habitat Restoration Plan
Develop a framework for addressing ecological limiting
factors and constraints related to river morphology, riparian
vegetation (including invasive species), aquatic habitat, and
river stewardship by targeting the two most at-risk species.
Habitat diversity and composition, floodplain
connectivity, fish passage, channel complexity
and stability, water quantity and quality,
sedimentation, temperature, and LWD in the
system In Progress
2.1.2.3 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Hoh Rip Rap Inventory, Impact Assessment,
and Restoration Plan
Inventory and assessment to determine impact and possible
mitigation actions.
Riparian health, main stem bank erosion,
flow, stream temperatures, and
sedimentation.
Part of Hoh Master Plan
Phase I
2.1.2.4 High
HOH
SYSTEM
New Hoh River LiDAR flight and processing:
preferably "green" LiDAR.
The Hoh River Basin last had LiDAR flown in 2013. A new
flight is needed to measure changes since then and for
modeling future climate change influences.
Flood plain stability, bank erosion and
sedimentation.COMPLETED
2.1.2.5 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Forward Looking Infrared Thermal Mapping of
the Hoh Watershed
Thermal infrared (TIR) image data collection of surface water
temperature for the Hoh watershed, analysis of data, and
field verification.
Floodplain connectivity, stream temperature,
and water quality and quantity.COMPLETED
2.1.2.6 High
HOH
SYSTEM
SSHEAR Project Assessment, Design,
& Repairs.
Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the Hoh
Watershed so individual projects can be brought forward.
Sites include:
Rayonier Pond
Barlow Pond
Anderson Pond
Pole Creek
Peterson Pond
Dismal Pond
Anderson Cr. Channel
Nolan Pond
Mosely Springs
Lear Springs
Upper Mosely
Hoh Springs
Young Slough
Lewis Channel
Nolan Channel
Huelsdonk Creek Fish passage, cold water, low water
Ongoing, Seeking additional
funding
2.1.2.7 High
HOH
SYSTEM
SSHEAR Project Invasive Species Assessment
and Mitigation.
Access, inventory, and treat invasive species in SSHEAR sites
prior to construction.Habitat quality In progress
2.1.2.8 High
HOH
SYSTEM Low-tech SSHEAR Site Restoration.Habitat quality In progress; Seeking funding
2.1.2.9 High
HOH
SYSTEM On-going Riparian Assessment and Restoration.
Maintain elimination of knotweed, implement control
measures on other invasive species where appropriate.
Monitor revegetation and implement replanting where
needed.Riparian and off-channel habitat quality.
In progress & Seeking long-term
funding
2.1.2.10 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Coldwater Connection Campaign--Hoh
Watershed Fish Passage Projects
Fish barriers, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and
water quality and quantity.Seeking funding
2.1.2.11 High
HOH
SYSTEM Hoh Reservation Culvert Correction
Assessment, design, and replacement of two culverts on
Chalaat Creek on Lower Hoh Road. Riparian restoration.
Fish passage, riparian health, floodplain
connectivity, channel complexity and stability,
water quantity and quality, sedimentation,
and stream temperature.
Design completed.
Implementation funded and in
progress.
2.1.2.12 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Upper Hoh River Road Phase 2 (Western
Federal Highways project).
Reduce risk of catastrophic road failure and conduct fish
friendly instream work using dolosse and other
anthropogenic structures that mimic nature.
Flood plain stability, bank erosion and
sediment control.
In progress;
Permits Issued
2.1.2.13 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Hoh River Master Plan Phase I: River miles 17
to 31.Assessments and design of channel migration.Floodplain migration, sediment processes.In progress
2.1.2.14 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Elk Creek—Peterson Sub-Reach Scale
Restoration Project.
Develop designs and implement restoration projects in the
resiliency corridor in the Willoughby and Elk Creek floodplains
between RM 18 and 19, including ELJs, riparian planting,
strategic thinning, and invasive prevention and control.
Riparian health, water quality, channel
stability and complexity, stream
temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain
connectivity, and LWD in the system.Seeking funding
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix B: All
Tiers Project
List
82
2.1.2.14a High
HOH
SYSTEM
Peterson Floodplain Off-Channel Habitat
Reconnection
Part of the Elk Creek—Peterson Sub-Reach Scale Restoration
Project. Reconnect off-channel and spawning habitat through
a mature forested floodplain by restoring flow to a
disconnected side channel. Reduce and mitigate flow impacts
along the Upper Hoh Road. Incorporate invasive species
prevention and control.
Riparian health, water quality, channel
stability and complexity, off-channel habitat
reconnection, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and
LWD in the system.Seeking funding
2.1.2.15 High
HOH
SYSTEM Hoh River--Lindner Complex Reach
Preliminary (525 acres) and final designs (105 acres) and
permitting; landowner outreach towards implementation of
ELJ project; community meetings towards implementation of
resiliency corridor
Channel instability; protection/enhancement
of off-channel and main stem habitats;
disconnected floodplain Seeking funding
2.1.2.16 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Young Slough Off-Channel Habitat & Spruce
Canyon Habitat Protection Project
Provide updated assessment of conditions prior to the
planned expansion of rock and concrete dolos to protect an
important transportation corridor in the Upper Hoh
watershed, and determine whether a low-tech opening of
side channels into the floodplain and a historic SSHEAR
groundwater rearing channel might provide protection for
the road, offer opportunity to restore the rip-rapped bank to
a riparian forested slope, and expand off channel habitat at
the same time.
Habitat quality and diversity, floodplain
connection, fish passage, water quality and
quantity. Seeking funding
2.1.2.17 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Fletcher Ranch—TNC Reach Scale Restoration
Project.
Use ELJs to protect existing floodplain habitat and create new
floodplain habitat and complexity within the active channel.
Riparian planting, strategic thinning, and invasive prevention
and control.
Riparian health, water quality, channel
stability and complexity, stream
temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain
connectivity, and LWD in the system.Seeking funding
2.1.2.17a High
HOH
SYSTEM
Fletcher/Richmond Off-Channel Habitat and
Riparian Forest Restoration Project
Under the Fletcher Ranch--TNC Reach Project. Riparian
restoration and planting along deeply eroded pasture bank,
restoring and re-connecting an off-channel habitat complex,
removing a perched culvert at the OCH outlet to the river,
removing an old 8” iron pipe from an eroded swale in the
floodplain, and invasive species prevention and control.
Possible repositioning of large woody debris armoring a mid-
channel bar directing flow at the eroding pasture bank.
Riparian health, water quality, and stream
temperatures.
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.1.2.17b High
HOH
SYSTEM
Upper Hoh CMZ and Off Channel Habitat
Acquisition
Protect, enhance, and conserve high-quality off-channel
rearing and refugia habitats for bull trout, steelhead, chinook,
coho, and cutthroat trout, and mature forest for all
ecosystem services. Property is a historic homestead at risk
of development and loss of this high-quality habitat.
Habitat diversity, floodplain connectivity,
channel stability Seeking funding
2.1.2.18 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Brandeberry—Lewis Reach Scale Restoration
Project.
Use ELJs to protect existing floodplain habitat and create new
floodplain habitat and complexity within the active channel.
Riparian planting, strategic thinning, and invasive prevention
and control.
Riparian health, water quality, channel
stability and complexity, stream
temperatures, sedimentation, floodplain
connectivity, and LWD in the system.Seeking funding
2.1.2.19 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Owl Creek Assessment, Designs, and
Implementation.LWM Enhancement/fluvial audit/riparian LWM and instream habitat complexity
In progress. Seeking additional
funding.
2.1.2.20 High
HOH
SYSTEM Winfield Creek Restoration Project
Geomorphic & Riparian Assessment; Designs for LWM
placement; Implementation.LWM and instream habitat complexity Seeking funding
2.1.2.21 High
HOH
SYSTEM Elk Creek Restoration Project
Geomorphic & Riparian Assessment; Designs for LWM
placement; Implementation.LWM and instream habitat complexity Seeking funding
2.1.2.22 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Willoughby Creek Assessment, Designs, and
Implementation.LWM Enhancement/fluvial audit/riparian Low LWM Seeking funding
2.1.2.23 High
HOH
SYSTEM
Hoh Upland Restoration and Tributary
Assessment
Restoring uplands in the Hoh through pre-commercial
thinning of 122 acres of riparian adjacent young stands,
removing 6 live water failing fish culverts, decommissioning
2.1 miles of RMZ adjacent road, invasive species road
treatments, and rapid aquatic assessment of 3 fish bearing
tributaries to the Hoh (Nolan, Braden, Anderson) on TNC
lands.
Riparian and upland habitat quality and
diversity, fish passage. Seeking funding.
2.1.2.24 Med
HOH
SYSTEM Spruce Creek Fish Access Culvert barrier issues Fish Passage
Part of Hoh Master Plan
Phase I
2.1.2.25 Med
HOH
SYSTEM
Cedar Spalt Assessment & Removal in the
Lower Hoh Tributaries.
Winfield- 3 & 4, Braden Creek, Fullerton Tributary, Lost Creek,
Steamboat & Cedar Creeks Fish passage and seasonal access
Seeking assessment
funding
2.1.2.26 Med
HOH
SYSTEM Willoughby Creek Fish Access.Fish channel restoration Fish Passage
Part of Hoh Master Plan
Phase I
2.1.2.27 Med
HOH
SYSTEM
Cassel Creek/Huelsdonk & Anderson Ponds
acquisition.Riparian habitat preservation.
Riparian restoration needed above Oil City
Road Seeking funding
2.1.2.28 Med
HOH
SYSTEM Braden Creek Restoration LWM Enhancement/fluvial audit Low LWM Seeking funding
2.1.2.29 Med
HOH
SYSTEM Lost Creek Anthropogenic Clay Erosion.
In-channel and riparian erosion from highway construction
resulting in sedimentation of habitat.Loss of intream and riparian habitat Seeking funding
2.1.2.30 Low
HOH
SYSTEM
Upper Hoh Road
Realignment/Decommissioning.
Allow channel migration with no road anymore. Find another
route outside of the flood plain to get to the ONP Hoh River
campground & visitor center.
Flood plain stability, bank erosion and
sedimentation Seeking funding
2.2.2.0.1 High
QUILLAYUTE
SYSTEM
Quillayute Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment,
Prioritization, & Mitigation
Many sites currently being assessed together so individual
projects can be brought forward separately. Some federal,
state and private timber lands.Fish passage, cold water, low water
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.0.2 High
QUILLAYUTE
SYSTEM Low-tech SSHEAR Site Restoration.
Restoration of multiple SSHEAR sites using low-tech, process-
based methods: 1) Remove artificial structures and replace
them with woody debris in a way that mimics naturally
occurring formations. 2) Use low cost, low tech, human-
powered methods to address these sites and provide an
example of how these techniques could be applied in other
locations.Habitat quality In progress; Seeking funding
2.2.2.03 High
QUILLAYUTE
SYSTEM
Quillayute Basin Invasive plant inventory,
prioritization, treatment & control strategy.
Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of
multiple species prevention and control.Fish passage, riparian habitat.
In progress; seeking long-term
funding
2.2.2.04 High
QUILLAYUTE
SYSTEM
Quillayute Basin Restoration through Riparian
Planting Riparian planting
Riparian habitat quality – lack of shade, bank
erosion, degraded water quality Seeking additional funding
2.2.2.1.1 High
QUILLAYUTE
Mainstem Quillayute River Temperature Research
Task 1) Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed temperature
and conductivity; Task 2) Continuous temperature and stage
monitoring at discrete locations; Task 3) Estimate of
hyporheic exchange near proposed restoration site.
Water Quality (ground water and surface
water temperature), allows Effectiveness
Monitoring.
In progress; seeking additional
funding.
2.2.2.1.2 High
QUILLAYUTE
Mainstem
Quillayute River Restoration & Large Woody
Debris (LWD) Enhancement.
Quillayute River restoration of processes by enhancing the
river channel with engineered designs. The main issue: the
river has lost the natural meander and created a shallow, high
velocity channel. The river is a threat to Mora Road (ONP) and
Thunder Field (Quileute Tribe). Install LWD structures,
including engineered logjams, to achieve a >80 pieces/mile of
wood that are greater than 12” DBH and more than 35’
length Access/Off-channel Habitat/Sediment control.
On-going
Seeking long-term funding
2.2.2.1.2a High
QUILLAYUTE
Mainstem
Quillayute River Reach 2 / Mora Rd.
Restoration.
Install in-stream wood structures to attenuate high-flow
forces. Replace rip-rap with fish-friendly log revetments.
Replace culverts on Mora Rd.Habitat quality & fish passage.
Conceptual designs in hand;
Seeking additional funding
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix B: All
Tiers Project
List
83
2.2.2.1.2b High
QUILLAYUTE
Mainstem
Quillayute River Reach 3 / Thunder Field
Restoration.
Install fish-friendly log revetment to protect Thunder Field
from further erosion. Install engineered log jams and other
wood structures to deflect high flows, reactivate historic
floodplain and increase habitat complexity.Habitat quality & catastrophic erosion control COMPLETED
2.2.2.1.2c High
QUILLAYUTE
Mainstem Quillayute River Historic Oxbow Reactivation.
Reactivate historic oxbow off Quillayute River to attenuate
high flows and reconnect off-channel floodplain habitat.
Install LWM structures to increase channel and habitat
complexity. Road improvement or decommissioning.
Habitat quality, floodplain reconnection &
erosion control.
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.1.2d High
QUILLAYUTE
Mainstem Quillayute River Reach 4-6 Restoration.
Install instream LWM to improve habitat complexity and
decrease bank erosion. Replace existing rip rap with fish-
friendly alternatives for erosion control.
Habitat quality, floodplain reconnection &
erosion control.Seeking funding
2.2.2.1.2e High
QUILLAYUTE
SYSTEM Hermison Wetland Restoration
Replace two undersized culverts. Restore previously manually
channelized creek back to historic wetland habitat. Invasive
plant treatment and riparian planting.Fish passage, Habitat quality
In Progress. Seeking additional
funding.
2.2.2.1.3 High
QUILLAYUTE
SYSTEM Upper James Pond Restoration
Breach a derelict logging road that bisects James Pond and
makes a full barrier, construct BDAs to reconnect and restore
lost wetland habitat and retain what remains.
Instream/riparian habitat complexity &
reconnecting off-channel habitat.In progress; Seeding funding
2.2.2.2.1 High DICKEY Lower Dickey River Restoration.
Install instream LWM. structures to increase habitat
complexity and restore more natural riverine processes.
Reconnect wetlands isolated by the current alignment of
Mora Rd. and Mora Rd. Bridge (ONP).
Instream/riparian habitat complexity &
reconnecting off-channel habitat.Seeking funding
2.2.2.2.2 High DICKEY
Dickey Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment,
Prioritization, & Mitigation
Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the
Dickey Basin so individual projects can be brought forward.
Sites include:
W.F. Dickey
Colby Springs
Elkhorn Pond
W.F. March Ck.
Soot Cr. Springs
T-Bone Springs
Cascade Springs
Big Beaver Springs
Labrador Creek Fish passage, cold water, low water
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.2.2a High DICKEY T-Bone SSHEAR Restoration.SSHEAR project rehabilitation restoring fish ways.Fish passage and habitat quality.In progress
2.2.2.2.2b High DICKEY Elk Horn SSHEAR Project Restoration SSHEAR project rehabilitation restoring fish ways Fish passage and habitat quality.In progress
2.2.2.2.2c High DICKEY Soot Creek SSHEAR Repair.
Impassable SSHEAR project weir that will be replaced with
natural features.Fish passage and habitat quality.Seeking funding
2.2.2.2.2d High DICKEY
Cascade Marsh and Big Beaver Low-tech
SSHEAR Site Restoration.
Restoration of the Cascade Marsh and Big Beaver SSHEAR
sites using low-tech, process-based methods: 1) Remove
artificial structures and replace them with woody debris in a
way that mimics naturally occurring formations. 2) Use low
cost, low tech, human-powered methods to address these
sites and provide an example of how these techniques could
be applied in other locations.Habitat quality COMPLETED
2.2.2.2.3 High DICKEY
Dickey River Basin Hydraulic Modeling &
Geomorphic Assessment
Determine current geomorphic conditions and appropriate
restoration actions of mainstem and tributaries of the Dickey
River from the confluence with the Quillayute River to
headwaters.
Riparian health, groundwater recharge
capacity, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, road network, LWD in the
system.Seeking funding
2.2.2.2.4 High DICKEY
Coldwater Connection Campaign—Dickey River
Fish Passage Projects
Fish barriers, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and
water quality and quantity.Seeking funding
2.2.2.3.1 High BOGACHIEL
Bogachiel River Geomorphic
Assessment.
Determine current geomorphic conditions and appropriate
restoration actions of mainstem Bogachiel River from the
confluence with the Sol Duc to the Olympic National Park
boundary (RM 0-22).Riparian and flooplain stability COMPLETE
2.2.2.3.2 High BOGACHIEL Bogachiel Cold Water Assessment.
Identify cold water refuges through hydrologic modeling and
water quality monitoring.Water quality Seeking funding
2.2.2.3.3 High BOGACHIEL Lower Bogachiel River Restoration.
Reactivate side channels at high flow to create off-channel
habitat. Reinforce banks with log jams, log revetments and/or
launchable rock designs. Install LWD structures to increase
channel complexity and habitat diversity.
Habitat Complexity; Floodplain / off-channel
disconnection.Seeking funding
2.2.2.3.4 High BOGACHIEL
Bogachiel Invasive Species, Assessment and
Control.
Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of
multiple species prevention and control, including
partnership with other projects.Fish passage and riparian habitat.
In progress, seeking long-term
funding.
2.2.2.3.5 High BOGACHIEL
Coldwater Connection Campaign—Bogachiel
River Fish Passage Projects
Field assessments, design, and correction of barriers
throughout the Bogachiel Basin including: WDFW ID 930813,
Private road, Dowans Creek, WDFW ID 20800333 and 341,
Undi Road MP 1.343 and 1.601, Tributary to Bear Creek
Fish barriers, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and
water quality and quantity.Seeking funding
2.2.2.3.6 High BOGACHIEL Kitchel Bank Stabilization.Land Acquisition. Flood plain and habitat restoration
Effects of high flow events . Reduced habitat
and sedimentation.Seeking funding
2.2.2.3.7 High BOGACHIEL
Bogachiel Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment,
Prioritization, & Mitigation
Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the
Bogachiel Basin so individual projects can be brought
forward. Sites include:
Wilson Springs
Tall Timber
Smith Road Pond
Dahlgren Springs
Morganroth Springs
Bogey Pond
Falcon Walrus
Laforrest Pond
Rayonier Channel Fish passage, cold water, low water
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.3.7a High BOGACHIEL Tall Timber Fish Passage Restoration [SSHEAR]
SSHEAR project rehabilitation restoring
fish ways.Fish passage and habitat quality.In progress
2.2.2.3.7b High BOGACHIEL
Morganroth Pond Fish Passage Restoration
[SSHEAR]SSHEAR project: Remove or replace USFS fishway.
Fish passage, flood plain connectivity, habitat
complexity In progress; Awaiting permitting
2.2.2.3.8 High BOGACHIEL
Ballard Rd./Old La Push Rd. old side-channel
Restoration.
Acquisition, infrastructure removal and multiple restoration
actions.Fish passage and sedimentation.Seeking funding
2.2.2.3.9 Med BOGACHIEL May Creek Fish Passage Barrier.
Design and implementation of culvert replacement and
riparian habitat restoration.Fish passage and habitat restoration.Seeking funding
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix B: All
Tiers Project
List
84
2.2.2.3.10 Med BOGACHIEL Beyer Culvert Replacement
Design and implementation of culvert replacement of culvert
on tributary to Grader Creek Fish passage and sediment control Seeking funding
2.2.2.4.1 High
CALAWAH &
BOGACHIEL
Quantifying suspended-sediment yield and
transport characteristics in the Calawah and
Upper Bogachiel Rivers, Washington.
Task 1) Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed temperature
and conductivity; Task 2) Continuous temperature and stage
monitoring at discrete locations; Task 3) Estimate of
hyporheic exchange near proposed restoration site.
Water quality, water quantity, erosion and
mass wasting.COMPLETED
2.2.2.4.2 High CALAWAH
Calawah Invasive Species, Assessment and
Control.
Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of
multiple species prevention and control, including
partnership with other projects.Fish passage and riparian habitat.
In progress, seeking long-term
funding.
2.2.2.4.3 High CALAWAH
Calawah Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment,
Prioritization, & Mitigation
Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the
Calawah Basin so individual projects can be brought forward.
Sites include:
Calawah Springs
Rootstock Springs (I)
Rootstock Springs (II)Fish passage, cold water, low water
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.4.4 High CALAWAH
Calawah Restoration Assessment, Design, and
Implementation
Assessment to determine priority areas for restoration,
designs, and implementation.
Fish passage, flood plain connectivity, habitat
complexity Seeking funding
2.2.2.4.5 High
CALAWAH
(South Fork)
South Fork Calawah Assessment, design, and
implementation.
Geomorphic assessment and feasibility study to determine
the placement of ELJs in the mainstem.Improving instream habitat In progress
2.2.2.4.6 High
CALAWAH
(Sitkum)
Sitkum 2900-072, 075, 078
Road Decommissioning.
Remove culverts and decommission road segments (3.8
miles).Sediment control In progress
2.2.2.4.7 High
CALAWAH
(Sitkum)FS 2900 Road - Culvert replacements: B.Replace deteriorating culvert on FS 2900 at 16.1 Sediment control Seeking funding
2.2.2.4.8 High
CALAWAH
(Sitkum)FS 2900 Road - Culvert replacements: C.
Replace 3 deteriorating culverts at FS 2900 at MP 9.9, 10.6, &
11.5.Sediment control
Seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.4.9 High
CALAWAH
(South Fork)FS 2900-030 Road decommission.
Hyas Creek. Decommission road from 2:0- MP 3.6, with
possible storage from 0-2 (crosses Rayonier)Sediment reduction Seeking funding
2.2.2.4.10 Med
CALAWAH
(North Fork)FS 2922 Road culvert replacements.
Replace 3 undersized, deteriorating culverts on FS 2922 road
upstream of recently replaced culvert at MP 2.3 (SRF funded).Sediment reduction Seeking complete funding
2.2.2.4.11 Med
CALAWAH
(North Fork)
FS Road 2929 030 Fish Passage Barrier on
Upper Bonidu.
MP 0.64 is a barrier to resident cutthroat. This is a deep fill
site on a Level 1 road that is also part of the proposed
Calawah OHV route. Less than 0.35 miles of habitat above.Fish Passage Seeking complete funding
2.2.2.4.12 Med
CALAWAH
(North Fork)FS 2923 Culvert Replacement.
MP 11.3. Undersized culvert on Trail Creek could be upgraded
to reduce future risk of failure, possible fish stream Sediment Control, and fish passage Seeking complete funding
2.2.2.4.13 Med
CALAWAH
(North Fork )Calawah Road Storage and Decommissioning.
Road Decommissioning (9.1 mi.) & 2.2 miles of storage are
proposed in the FS North Fork Calawah Vegetation
Management project. 2900530 (0.7 D), 2900540 (2.0
D),2900545 (0.3 D), 2900725 (0.3 D), 2900730 (1.3 D),
2900818 (0.2 D), 2900820 (0.4 D), 2922240 (1.1 D), 2923047
(1.4 D), 2923055 (1.5 D), 2900700 (2.2 Storage)Sediment Control Seeking complete funding
2.2.2.5.1 High SOL DUC Sol Duc Invasive species, assessment & control.
Invasive plant inventory, mapping, and prioritization of
multiple species prevention and control.Fish passage, riparian habitat.
In progress; Seeking long-term
funding
2.2.2.5.2 High SOL DUC Lower Sol Duc River Restoration.
In lower 0.5 miles, reoccupy side channels, install LWM
structures, and complete bank laybacks. Redesign the Mora
Rd bridge at confluence of Sol Duc and Bogachiel.
Habitat complexity & reconnecting off-
channel habitat Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.3 High SOL DUC Lake Creek Assessment & Restoration.
Assessment, riparian restoration and planting, LWD
placement.Riparian restoration Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.4 High SOL DUC
Quandary Creek fish passage barrier correction
and restoration plan.
Address fish passage barriers and improve habitat quality in
Quandary Creek. This site is a County Road fish passage
barrier on East Lake Pleasant Road at MP 0.737 Fish passage and habitat quality Seeking additional funding
2.2.2.5.5 High SOL DUC Bear Creek LWM and riparian treatments.
LWM assessment placement on Sol Duc tributary Bear Creek
to RM 0 to 4 (USFS).Sediment control - temperature, hydrology Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.6 High SOL DUC Kugel Creek Culvert Replacement.
Replace an undersized and partial fish barrier culvert with a
40' bridge providing full access to 2.5 miles of anadromous
fish habitat in Kugel Creek.Fish passage access - culvert COMPLETED
2.2.2.5.6 High SOL DUC
Sol Duc Basin SSHEAR Project Assessment,
Prioritization, & Mitigation
Assess and prioritize corrections for SSHEAR sites in the Sol
Duc Basin so individual projects can be brought forward. Sites
include:
Tassel Springs
Powell Springs
Tyee Pond
Eagle Creek Springs
Thomas Springs
Prarie Fall Creek
M & R Springs Fish passage, cold water, low water
In progress; seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.5.6a High SOL DUC Eagle Springs habitat restoration [SSHEAR]
Large wood and spawning gravel placement, invasive
treatment at Eagle Creek Springs Riparian integrety, improving habitat In progress
2.2.2.5.7 High SOL DUC
Sol Duc Tributaries Assessment, Design, and
Implementation.
Habitat assessment and restoration planning (Bockman,
Shuwah tributaries initially), design, and implementation.
Sediment control, temperature and hydrology
assessments.
In progress; Seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.5.8 High SOL DUC
Coldwater Connection Campaign—Sol Duc River
Fish Passage Projects
Field assessments, design, and correction of barriers
throughout the Sol Duc Basin including: fish barriers on USFS
Land (USFS Culverts: USFS-30 Road WDFW IDs S-329R-10, S-
329R-12, BPA ROW: 932971, South Whites Creek WDFW ID S-
329L-01; and 2922000 Road - Bonidu Creek FS ID 2020121),
Private Barrier – Trib to Maxfield Creek (WDFW ID 609426),
and Clallam County culverts on West Lake Pleasant Road
(WDFW IDs S-313R-20 and 20800087).
Fish barriers, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, floodplain connectivity, and
water quality and quantity.Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.8a High SOL DUC
Anton and Cedar Creek fish passage barrier
corrections.
Address fish passage barriers in the Anton Creek drainage
(two County road barriers on Bear Creek Rd at Mile Post
1.740, and 1.785 and one private road crossing upstream).Fish passage In progress
2.2.2.5.8b High SOL DUC Wisen Creek Culvert Replacements.
Replace five culverts on Sol Duc tributary Wisen Creek
(20.0336). Two partial barriers on Wisen Creek Road
(48.06339, -124.16134 & 48.06464, -124.16107); one partial
barrier on Swede Road (48.06379, -124.16174); and two
partial barriers on private property in upper Wisen Creek
(48.06497, -124.14923 & 48.06530, -124.14604).Fish Passage
In progress; seeking additional
funding
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix B: All
Tiers Project
List
85
2.2.2.5.8c High Sol Duc Swanson Creek Fish Passage Project
Restore adequate fish passage to the following culverts on
the T-1000 & T-1010 private roads: Unnamed tributary:
Private driveway, 33% passable, WDFW # 999475; T-
1010ROW, 33% passable, WDFW #999476; combined .72
miles upstream habitat, Swanson Creek (channel b): T-1010,
unknown passability, WDFW #999474; T-1000 mainline, 33%
passable, WDFW #999480; combined 0.8 miles upstream
habitat, and Swanson Creek (channel c): T-1010, unknown
passability, WDFW #999477; T-1000 mainline, 67% passable,
RMAP #2610100; combined 0.55 miles upstream habitat.
Fish passage, sedimentation, water quantity
and quality.
In progress; Seeking additional
funding
2.2.2.5.9 High SOL DUC Sol Duc River Basin Geomorphic Assessment
Determine current geomorphic conditions and appropriate
restoration actions of mainstem and tributaries of the Sol
Duc River from the confluence with the Quillayute River to
headwaters.
Riparian health, groundwater recharge
capacity, stream temperatures,
sedimentation, road network, LWD in the
system.Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.10 High SOL DUC Tassel Creek Restoration.
Assess, design, and implement restoration needs at Tassel
Creek following decommissioning of DFW boat ramp.Sediment delivery, water quality Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.11 Med SOL DUC
Kugel Creek FS Road 2929 Culvert Removal
(Road Storage).
From MP 3-5, deteriorating culverts could be removed while
road is in storage to reduce risk of landslides.Sediment Control Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.12 Med SOL DUC
Kugel Creek Road Storage and
Decommissioning.
1.3 miles of Road Decommission are proposed in the North
Fork Calawah Vegetation Management Project at 2900653
(0.2 miles), 2929045 (0.9 miles), and 2929055 (0.1 miles).Sediment Control Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.13 Low SOL DUC
FS 2903 Road Fish Passage Barrier (Bockman
Creek).
MP 2.92 is a barrier to resident cutthroat trout and is in poor
condition. 0.7 miles of habitat above.Fish passage Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.14 Med SOL DUC Gunderson Off-channel Restoration.
Restore function of off-channel ponds on Sol Duc tributary
Gunderson Creek. (20.0304) (PCSC).Juvenile access - hydrology Seeking funding
2.2.2.5.15 Low
SOL DUC
(Bockman)Road Storage and Decommissioning.
1.9 miles of road decommissioning, 0.8 miles of storage are
proposed in the North Fork Calawah Vegetation Management
Project. Roads 29022770 (1.5miles D), 2902272 (0.4 miles D),
2902375 (0.8 Storage).Sediment Control Seeking funding
2.3.3.2 High OZETTE Big River Riparian Restoration.
Invasive species control and re-vegetation for Big River then
expand to the rest of basin.Riparian restoration and sediment control.Ongoing; Seeking additional
funding
2.3.3.3 High OZETTE
Ongoing Basin-Wide Invasive
Plant Assessment and Mapping.
Continued monitoring and control of invasive plant species in
the basin Riparian and sedimentation.
In progress; Seeking additional
funding
2.3.3.4 High OZETTE
Sockeye Lakeside Spawning Habitat
Enhancement: Assessment, Designs, and
Implementation.
Assessment of shoreline spawning populations and
restoration needs, design, and implementation. Riparian
integrity, sedimentation, and water quality (Substrate &
vegetation management, DO monitoring … Sec. 7.2.2.5 Bull:
1,2 &4 LOS RP.);
Sediment control, temperature and hydrology
assessments.
In progress
Seeking additional
funding
2.3.3.5 High OZETTE
Ozette Basin Development of Abundance
Estimates through ARIS Data Analysis and
Spawning Surveys.
Ongoing support for spawning ground surveys and data
analysis of ARIS hydroacoustic data to establish annual time,
abundance, and predatory impacts.
Abundance, competition, predation and
phenology
Ongoing; Seeking additional
funding
2.3.3.6 High OZETTE Northern WRIA 20 Habitat Conservation
Creation of a conservation plan that identifies high priority
parcels for conservation actions for salmonid habitat from
the Lake Ozette watershed north to Cape Flattery, and
acquisition/easements on lands with identified conservation
value or habitat restoration potential for salmon.Water quality, habitat quality and diversity. Seeking funding.
2.3.3.7 High OZETTE Makah Tribe Railroad Grade Removal Project
Removal of part or all of an old railroad grade approximately
0.46 miles long that crosses the floodplain and wetland
habitat of Lake Ozette, and is impacting fish passage, wetland
function, water quality, hydrology, and fluvial processes that
impedes Umbrella Bay (a significant area for ESA listed Lake
Ozette Sockeye); removal of a 33% passable double-culvert
barrier on a tributary that crosses the county road.
Water quality, fish passage, wetland function,
habitat quality and diversity. Seeking funding.
2.3.3.8 Med OZETTE
Invasive species control of recreactional vessel
vectors. Install vessel-cleaning stations at boat ramp(s).Invasive species control.Seeking funding
2.3.3.9 Med OZETTE Predator assessment (RME-5).
Implement recommendations from the 2016 Lake Ozette
Sockeye Predator Workshop.Predation Seeking funding
2.4.2.1 High
Independent
(Waatch & Tsoo-
yess)
Waatch Creek fish-blocking
culvert correction.Replace deteriorating undersized culvert on Waatch Creek.Fish passage and estuary reconnection.
Seeking funding
2.4.2.2 High
Independent
(Waatch & Tsoo-
Yess)
European Green Crab Management in Makah
Reservation Coastal Estuaries.
Makah Reservation- Lower Wa'atch River and Tsoo-yess
Rivers and estuaries, and Neah Bay nearshore; includes areas
on West end of the bay.Protection of juvenile fish habitat
Ongoing; Seeking additional
funding
2.4.2.3 High
Independent
(Goodman)Goodman Creek LWM Placement.LWM enrichment from RM 10.5 to 13.0.Channel complexity and spawning habitat In progress
2.4.2.4 High
Independent
(Goodman)Goodman Creek Invasive Species Removal Invasive species removal
Riparian, sedimentation and habitat
complexity
In progress; seeking long-term
funding
2.4.2.5 High
Independent
(Goodman)Goodman Creek Riparian Replanting.
Replanting of Goodman Creek riparian corridores after
invasive species removal
Riparian, sedimentation and habitat
complexity Funded/In progress long-term
2.4.2.8 Low
Independent
(Tsoo-yess)Tyler Creek Fish Barrier Removal.
Culvert to bridge. 100 % blocked. 10 acres of wetland , 0.75
mi above blockage.Fish passage and estuary reconnection.Seeking funding
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix C:
Stock Trends
86
APPENDIX C
WRIA 20
SALMONID TREND GRAPHS
OF SELECTED STOCKS
Compiled from the PACIFC FISHERIES MANAGEMENT COUNCIL SUMMARY TABLES
https://www.pcouncil.org/safe-documents-3/
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix C:
Stock Trends
87
Chinook: Major Rivers
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix C:
Stock Trends
88
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix C:
Stock Trends
89
Coho: Major Rivers
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix C:
Stock Trends
90
Sockeye: Not Available (except for Lake Ozette Sockeye through 2019)
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix C:
Stock Trends
91
Steelhead: Not Available.
Pink: (mostly unknown)
Chum: (mostly unknown)
NOTE: Charts compiled by Devona Ensmenger from the Wild Salmon Center in November 2009 and updated by
Rich Osborne (NPCLE / UW ONRC) in 2012, 2014 , 2015, 2017, and 2021 using data from the Pacific Fisheries
Management Council’s, Escapements to Inland Fisheries and Spawning Areas (Appendix B), located at:
https://www.pcouncil.org/?s=escapements and the Washington State, State of the Salmon Report:
https://stateofsalmon.wa.gov/
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition
Appendix D:
Run Timing
& Spawning
92
APPENDIX D
WRIA 20 SALMONID STOCK
RUN TIMING & SPAWNING DISTRIBUTION5
5 Run timing is based upon historical patterns typical of 2010. Recent variations in seasonal rainfall and
temperature patterns may have resulted in timing shifts in recent years.
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
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Appendix D:
Run Timing
& Spawning
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Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix E:
Committees List
101
APPENDIX E
NPCLE COMMITTEES MEMBERSHIP LIST
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix E:
Committees List
102
Technical Committee Members:
Anne Shaffer Coastal Watershed Institute
Betsy Krier Wild Salmon Center
Amy Kocourek NOAA
Caroline Walls Quileute Tribe
Chad Wilkins Pacific Coast Salmon Coalition (RFEG)
David Kloempken WDFW
Citizens of the Citizens Committee:
Chad Wilkins Regional Fisheries Enhancement Group
Chris Morgan Citizen-At-Large #1
David Hahn Citizen-At-Large #2
Eric Carlsen Citizen-at-Large #3
Nicole Rasmussen Citizen-at-Large #4
Open Citizen-at-Large #5
Anna Geffre Coordinator WRIA 20 (NWIFC)
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity
2025 Membership
Initiating Government Representatives:
Hoh Tribe: LE Rep –Kimberley Bray, (Maggie Bockart Alt.)
Makah Tribe: LE Rep – Stephanie Martin (Mike Haggerty, Dr. Ryan Erhart, Keith
Penn, Alts.)
Quileute Tribe: LE Rep – Caroline Walls, (Sierra Hemmig, Robert Beck Alts.)
City of Forks: LE Rep – Rod Fleck
Clallam County: LE Rep – Rebecca Mahan, (Joel Green, Alt.)
Jefferson County: LE Rep – Tami Pokorny
North Pacific Coast Lead Entity (WRIA 20)
Salmon Restoration Strategy, 2025 Edition Appendix E:
Committees List
103
Eric Carlsen WDNR restoration engineer—Retired
Jill Silver 10,0000 Years Institute
John Hagan Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission
Justin Urresti The Nature Conservancy
Kimberley Bray Hoh Tribe
Kyle Martens DNR
Kyle Smith The Nature Conservancy
Placeholder* NRCS
Luke Kelly Trout Unlimited
Maggie Bockart Hoh Tribe
Megan Tuttle WDFW
Meghan Adamire Clallam Conservation District
Mike Hagen Forester & restoration ecologist –Retired
Mike Haggerty Natural resource consultant
Michele Canale Olympic Forest Collaborative
Placeholder* CSP/CSF
Nicole Rasmussen Wild Salmon Center
Noelle Nordstrom DNR
Pat Crain Olympic National Park
Rebecca Mahan Clallam County
Robert Beck Quileute Tribe
Sierra Hemmig Quileute Tribe
Steve Thompson Consultant & Engineer
Stephanie Martin Makah Tribe
Tami Pokorny Jefferson County
Theresa Powell WDFW—Retired